Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance profiles of environmental isolates from Mhlathuze River, KwaZulu-Natal (RSA)

One hundred and thirteen enteric bacteria were isolated from the Mhlathuze River during February 2001 to January 2002. The antibiotic resistance patterns (ARPs) of these identified isolates showed that 94.7 % were resistant to at least one class of antibiotic while 75.2% were multi-resistant. All isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. The levels of resistance exhibited by isolates to specific antibiotics are as follows: penicillin, 72.6%; rifampicin, 69.2%; novobiocin, 52.1%; ampicillin, 43.6% and cephalothin, 28.2 %. The antibiotic resistance gene pool especially that for β-lactamase is likely to be widely available in the environment. The ARPs for E. coli and non-E. coli groups were very similar. The enteric bacteria isolated from downstream, which is a mainly urban and industrial area, were more resistant to several antibiotics than those from upstream which is predominantly rural. The results suggest that environmental, industrial and/or human activities impact on the level of antibiotic resistance in the environment. The strong correlation (r=0.97) between the ARPs of the clinical and the environmental isolates may suggest a link between diarrhoeal incidence and the water quality in the region. It is thus imperative that the determination of antibiotic susceptibility/resistance patterns of isolated microbes is a part of the microbial monitoring process of the water.
Nutritional Support and Outcomes in Malnourished Medical Inpatients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE During acute illness, nutritional therapy is widely used for medical inpatients with malnutrition or at risk for malnutrition. Yet, to our knowledge, no comprehensive trial has demonstrated that this approach is effective and beneficial for patients. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of nutritional support on outcomes of medical inpatients with malnutrition or at risk for malnutrition in a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. The study dates were October 5, 1982, to April 30, 2014, in various (mostly European) countries. The dates of our analysis were March 10, 2015, to September 16, 2015. STUDY SELECTION Based on a prespecified Cochrane protocol, we systematically searched RCTs investigating the effects of nutritional support (including counseling and oral and enteral feeding) in medical inpatients compared with a control group. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Disagreement was resolved by consensus. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary study outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital-acquired infections, nonelective readmissions, functional outcome, length of hospital stay, daily caloric and protein intake, and weight change. RESULTS We included 22 RCTs with a total of 3736 participants. Heterogeneity across RCTs was high, with overall low study quality and mostly unclear risk of bias. Intervention group patients significantly increased their weight (mean difference, 0.72 kg; 95% CI, 0.23-1.21 kg), caloric intake (mean difference, 397 kcal; 95% CI, 279-515 kcal), and protein intake (mean difference, 20.0 g/d; 95% CI, 12.5-27.1 g/d) compared with control group patients. No differences between intervention group patients and control group patients were found with respect to mortality (9.8% vs 10.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.72-1.27), hospital-acquired infections (overall, 6.0% vs 7.6%; OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.50-1.11), functional outcome (mean Barthel index difference, 0.33 point; 95% CI, -0.88 to 1.55 points), or length of hospital stay (mean difference, -0.42 days; 95% CI, -1.09 to 0.24 days). Nonelective readmissions were significantly decreased by the intervention (20.5% vs 29.6%; risk ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In medical inpatients, nutritional support increases caloric and protein intake and body weight. However, there is little effect on clinical outcomes overall except for nonelective readmissions. High-quality RCTs are needed to fill this gap.
Masculinity ideology among Russian and U.S. young men and women and its relationships to unhealthy lifestyles habits among young Russian men.

One aim of this study was to further investigate the empirical support for the social constructionist perspective on gender roles. A 2nd aim was to explore the relationship between Russian men’s endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology and their engagement in behaviors that may put their health at risk. Russian respondents endorsed traditional masculinity ideology, developed for a U.S. sample, to a higher degree than did their American counterparts. Overall, women endorsed a less traditional perspective of masculinity ideology for men; however, this result was more pronounced among U.S. participants. Using a modification of the Susceptibility to Stress Scale (L. H. Miller, A. D. Smith, & B. L. Mehler, 1988), results yielded 1 variable associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits among Russian men: lower socioeconomic status.
Theory U: Leading from the Future as it Emerges

Access the deepest source of inspiration and vision We live in a time of massive institutional failure that manifests in the form of three major divides: the ecological, the social, and the spiritual. Addressing these challenges requires a new consciousness and collective leadership capacity. In this groundbreaking book, Otto Scharmer invites us to see the world in new ways and in so doing discover a revolutionary approach to learning and leadership. In most large systems today, we collectively create results that no one wants. What keeps us stuck in such patterns of the past? It's our blind spot, that is, our lack of awareness of the inner place from which our attention and intention originate. By moving through Scharmer's U process, we consciously access the blind spot and learn to connect to our authentic Self—the deepest source of knowledge and inspiration. Theory U offers a rich diversity of compelling stories, examples, exercises, and practices that allow leaders, organizations, and larger systems to cosense and coshape the future that is wanting to emerge. This second edition features a new preface in which Scharmer identifies five transformational trends and describes U process case stories around the world. There are also eight color drawings by Kelvy Bird that capture U journey applications and illustrate the concepts in the book, as well as new resources for applying the principles and practices.
Information Technology in Public Libraries in Kuwait: A First Study

This study examines the availability and use of information technology in public libraries in Kuwait. Specific areas addressed are (1) hardware/software, (2) patterns of connectivity such as LANs, Internet, etc., (3) training and development activities in support of information technology, and (4) future projections regarding the use of information technology. The study provides policy-makers and information professionals with previously unavailable baseline data concerning the use of computers and access to telecommunications networks in public libraries in Kuwait. A questionnaire sent to all public libraries (N=25) yielded a 92% response. Interviews with libraries' administrators and authorities were also undertaken to gather additional data. The results of the study reveal that many information technology inequalities exist among the libraries. Only eight libraries make use of computers and 15 are without any type of IT-related technology. The study shows that few libraries have connectivity, limited use of applications, and the implementation of an automated library system are slow moving. Factors impeding the development of information technology are planning, funding, human resources, and building structure. Recommendations are made with the intention to encourage the public library sector and information professionals in Kuwait to take a proactive position in overcoming the forces that hinder the development of IT.
Dead Geographies—And How to Make Them Live

In this introductory paper—which follows the course of the papers included in this special issue—we argue that there are currently four main apprehensions of performance. The first of those apprehensions is provided by the work of Judith Butler on performativity. We then move to a second apprehension—the rather more general notion of performance found in nonrepresentational theory, using as an example the work of Gilles Deleuze. The third apprehension of performance is that taken from work found in the discipline of performance itself. Then, the fourth apprehension concerns the reworking of academic practices as performative.
Phylogenetic relationships of Australian members of the family percichthyidae inferred from mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence data.

Phylogenetic relationships among 20 Australian species of the family Percichthyidae were investigated from sequence data of two portions of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. The molecular data indicate that Australian genera within this family cluster into three distinct clades. The first clade is composed of some species currently ascribed to the genus Macquaria, along with Nannatherina, Nannoperca, and Bostockia, the second of Maccullochella and two catadromous Macquaria species, and the third of Gadopsis. However, the positioning of Gadopsis within this family was unresolved. Monophyly within each genus was well supported, except for Macquaria, which is clearly polyphyletic. The molecular data were used to examine two hypotheses of Australian percichthyid evolution and favor a freshwater origin for the family.
Preventing Primary Cesarean Births: Midwifery Care

The incidence of cesarean birth in the United States is alarmingly high and cesareans are associated with added morbidities for women and newborns. Thus strategies to prevent cesarean particularly for low-risk, nulliparous women at term with a singleton fetus are needed. This article addresses evidence-based practices that may be used during intrapartum to avoid primary cesarean, including patience with progress in labor, intermittent auscultation, continuous labor support, upright positions, and free mobility. Second-stage labor practices, such delayed pushing and manual rotation of the fetus, are also reviewed. This package of midwifery-style care practices can potentially lower primary cesarean rates.
An abstract standardisation theorem

An axiomatic version of the standardization theorem that shows the necessary basic properties between nesting of redexes and residuals is presented. This axiomatic approach provides a better understanding of standardization, and makes it applicable in other settings, such as directed acyclic graphs (dags) or interaction networks. conflicts between redexes are also treated. The axioms include stability in the sense given by G. Berry (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Paris, 1979), proving it to be an intrinsic notion of deterministic calculi. <<ETX>>
Effects of Verbal Processing on Psychiatric Patients’ Proactive Coping Skills Using Recreational Music Therapy

Psychiatric patients who are able to cope with life stressors and appropriately use leisure time are less likely to be rehospitalized. The purpose of this study was to examine how verbal processing of recreational music therapy affected psychiatric patients’ knowledge and use of coping and leisure skills. The researchers utilized a quasirandomized controlled design and collected data at pretest, immediately before discharge, and at one month postdischarge. The researchers isolated verbal processing within recreational music therapy sessions to determine if the verbal-processing component affected proactive coping and patients’ use of coping and leisure skills. Using the Proactive Coping Scale, the researchers measured patients’ proactive coping before and after attending recreational music therapy sessions. Results indicated no significant between-group differences in patients’ proactive coping scores. Difficulties conducting research in psychiatric settings, clinical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Willingness of students to use tablets as a learning tool

This century is defined by technological advancements so rapid, many of the sectors of the society are not ready to adapt right away. Such is true for the education sector, especially in the Philippines. However, the seeming lack of action on issues concerning educational technology does not mean that educational institutions are not preparing for this snowball of educational technological changes. It must be emphasized that much preparation is required when adapting and adopting such innovations. This study aimed to begin planning stage of the enhancement of integration of technological advancements in classroom instruction in St. Paul College Pasig. Based on Parasumaran and Colby's (2001) Technology Readiness Index Model, the research evaluated around one hundred high school students' readiness based on the following technological beliefs: exposure to the features of the tablets and their optimism, discomfort, and insecurity on using tablets as a learning tool. Multiple regression analysis revealed that technological beliefs on reading experience and perception that the tablet is a better tool in making students learn affect significantly students' willingness to use tablets. As such, careful integration must be observed. It must still be emphasized that the tablet is just one of the tools that teachers can use in delivering lessons. As such, teachers must consider carefully the kind of materials, applications, and resources that will be used alongside the tablet. If educational institutions fail to fulfill the aforementioned significant technological beliefs, then the use of tablets as a learning tool may end up in vain.
Quinolinate in Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rat Models of Congenital Hyperammonemia

ABSTRACT: Children with inborn errors of urea synthesis who survive neonatal hyperammonemic coma commonly exhibit cognitive deficits and neurologic abnormalities. Yet, there is evidence that ammonia is not the only neurotoxin. Hyperammonemia appears to induce a number of neurochemical alterations. In rodent models of hyperammonemia, uptake of L-tryptophan into brain is increased. It has been reported that in an experimental rat model of hepatic encephalopathy, in the ammonium acetate-injected rat, and in patients with hepatic failure and inborn errors of ammonia metabolism, quinolinate, a tryptophan metabolite, is increased. Elevations in quinolinate are of particular concern, as quinolinate could excessively activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate subclass of excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby causing selective neuronal necrosis. We sought to identify an animal model that would replicate the increases in quinolinate that have been associated with hyperammonemia in humans. Levels of quinolinate were measured in hyperammonemic urease-infused rats and ammonium acetate-injected rats. In the urease-infused rat, brain tryptophan was doubled, and serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were significantly increased. Yet, despite the increase in tryptophan and evidence for increased metabolism of tryptophan to serotonin, there were no observed increases of quinolinate in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, or plasma. In the ammonium acetate-injected rat, significant increases of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebral cortex were also observed, but quinolinate did not change in cerebrospinal fluid or cerebral cortex. In summary, we were unable to demonstrate an increase of quinolinate in brain or cerebrospinal fluid in these rat models of hyperammonemia.
Family quality of life among families of children with atopic dermatitis

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) may cause emotional distress and impairs the quality of life (QoL) in children and their families. Objective We examined family QoL of children with AD and explored associated factors such as disease severity and psychosocial factors among parents of children with AD. Methods Study participants were 78 children (1 month to 16 years old) diagnosed with AD and their parents visiting an outpatient clinic of the Department of Pediatrics in Inha University Hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical record review. Parents completed the Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire (DFI), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Korean Parenting Stress Index. For children aged below 6-year-old, parents were asked to complete the Infants' Dermatologic Quality of Life. SCOring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 Generic Core Scale were also completed. Results The mean age of parents and children were 37.4 ± 5.3 years and 65.1 ± 45.7 months, respectively. Among them, 87.2% of parents were mothers and 60.3% of children were boys. The mean score of DFI was 11.2 ± 6.0. The mean SCORAD score was 28.3 ± 16.1. Family who experienced strong negative emotionality had a 3.8 times higher probability of experiencing a lower QoL than parents who did not (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; p = 0.041). Family of children with higher severity of AD had a 6.6 times (OR, 6.55; p = 0.018) higher probability of experiencing a low family QoL than their less-severe counterparts. Families of girls with AD had a lower QoL (OR, 8.40; p = 0.003) than families of boys. Conclusion Family QoL among parents of children with AD was low and associated with parent’s psychosocial characteristics as well as disease severity of the children. Considering parental involvement in AD management for children, emotional support for parents can be helpful in long journey of disease management.
An Investigation of Relationships between Seventh-Grade Students' Beliefs and Their Participation during Mathematics Discussions in Two Classrooms

As mathematics teachers attempt to promote classroom discourse that emphasizes reasoning about mathematical concepts and supports students' development of mathematical autonomy, not all students will participate similarly. For the purposes of this research report, I examined how 15 seventh-grade students participated during whole-class discussions in two mathematics classrooms. Additionally, I interpreted the nature of students' participation in relation to their beliefs about participating in whole-class discussions, extending results reported previously (Jansen, 2006) about a wider range of students' beliefs and goals in discussion-oriented mathematics classrooms. Students who believed mathematics discussions were threatening avoided talking about mathematics conceptually across both classrooms, yet these students participated by talking about mathematics procedurally. In addition, students' beliefs about appropriate behavior during mathematics class appeared to constrain whether they critiqued solutions of their classmates in both classrooms. Results suggest that coordinating analyses of students' beliefs and participation, particularly focusing on students who participate outside of typical interaction patterns in a classroom, can provide insights for engaging more students in mathematics classroom discussions.
Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11e

This paper presents an evaluation of the QoS enhancements to the IEEE 802.11 standard, named IEEE 802.11e, currently under specification. Both the enhanced distributed coordination function (EDCF) and hybrid coordination function (HCF) modes of medium access control (MAC) operation are analysed and compared with legacy distributed coordination function (DCF) and point coordination function (PCF). Performance evaluation is attained through computer simulation of a scenario of 802.11 b/e access to an IP core network through an access point (AP) in an infrastructure WLAN.
Talking about sex: the discourses of loveLife peer educators in South Africa

loveLife is a high profile, expensive and controversial nationwide awareness and prevention campaign that has been addressed at young South Africans since 1999. This paper examines the discourses 20 Black youths used to narrate their involvements, satisfactions and difficulties as peer educators. The primary data sources are individual interviews with the peer educators along with a review of printed materials in English and visits to one loveLife Y‐Centre in KwaZulu‐Natal and to the loveLife provincial office in Durban. The analysis develops four themes in the talk of the groundBreakers: knowledge and self‐knowledge, personal development, generational conflict with parents over talking about sex and poverty. These themes are discussed in relation to broader discourses on representations of youth, the pushes and pulls of modernity and tradition, agency and dependency.
Semi-Presidentialism: Concepts, Consequences and Contesting Explanations

In contrast to the work on presidentialism and parliamentarism, semi-presidentialism remains very much the poor relation in the debate about regime types. This is true both in the sense that there is less work on semi-presidential regimes and also because of the fact that semi-presidentialism has few advocates. This review examines the existing work on semi-presidentialism and asks three questions: What is semi-presidentialism? What is the main dependent variable in semi-presidential studies? And what is the most appropriate explanatory variable in such studies' It does provide some answers to these questions, but the main purpose is to highlight some of the most problematic issues in the contemporary study of semi-presidentialism.
Interpractice visits by general practitioners: implications of a pilot project for quality assurance in general practice

This article describes a pilot study involving 25 general practitioners who agreed to undertake interpractice visits. Decisions regarding the nature, length and documentation of the interpractice visit were made by consensus during a 5‐h workshop. Participants met again as a group after the visits were completed and discussed the acceptability of the visits and their potential to improve standards of care. Reactions included a high level of enthusiasm to develop further the rigour of these visits.
Teaching for Social Justice, Diversity, and Citizenship in a Global World

Abstract Racial, ethnic, cultural, and language diversity is increasing in nation-states throughout the world because of worldwide immigration. The deepening ethnic diversity within nation-states and the quest by different groups for cultural recognition and rights are challenging assimilationist notions of citizenship and forcing nation-states to construct new conceptions of citizenship and citizenship education. A delicate balance of unity and diversity should be an essential goal of citizenship education in multicultural nation-states. Citizenship education should help students to develop thoughtful and clarified identifications with their cultural communities, nation-states, and the global community. It also should enable them to acquire the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to act to make the nation and the world more democratic and just.
gender, work, and child care

The focus of this article is on the themes of gender, work, and child care as they have been addressed in much of Sally Lubeck's work, in an attempt to understand her trajectory, and her diverse messages to us. In reading her work for this article, key themes stood out that focus our attention on Sally Lubeck's continuing fight for better public funding for child care/early education in the USA, and for a positive family policy that supports all families, particularly single mothers and their children in the United States. Her research attention was also focused on the wisdom expressed in local cultural systems, by parents and teachers, as well as within societal contexts where care and education for all families and children are prioritized.