Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive strategies to regulate emotions—current evidence and future directions

Emotions are important and basic in human experience, and are comprised of different components, such as subjective feelings, cognitive appraisal, physiological response and action tendencies (Kleinginna and Kleinginna, 1981). Emotions become dysfunctional when they interfere with one's ability to behave adaptively, and therefore successful emotion regulation (ER), when necessary, is crucial for psychological health. Difficulties in adaptive ER are related to different psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety disorders [for a review see Aldao et al. (2010)]. A well-known model that describes the process of ER was suggested by Gross (1998). The model describes five processes of ER that occur at different time points in the course of emotional processing and regulation. In this paper we focus on two ER strategies included in the process model of Gross—distraction and reappraisal—and also on labeling, an ER strategy that is not part of Gross' model. Reappraisal, distraction and labeling are cognitive strategies used to regulate emotions [for a review on the reciprocal relationship between emotion and cognition see Dolcos et al. (2011)]. We start with definitions and findings regarding distraction, reappraisal and labeling. Subsequently, we present the process model of Gross, with labeling as an additional form of ER. Finally, we suggest that labeling might mediate the effectiveness of reappraisal in clinical populations with deficits in emotion recognition and ER, and discuss the clinical implications of this suggestion and future directions of research and conceptualization.
Nonlinear device model of microwave power GaN HEMTs for high power-amplifier design

This paper presents a nonlinear equivalent circuit model of microwave power GaN high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), amenable for integration into commercial harmonic balance or transient simulators. All the steps taken to extract its parameter set are explained, from the extrinsic linear elements up to the intrinsic nonlinear ones. The predictive model capabilities are illustrated with measured and simulated output power and intermodulation-distortion data of a GaN HEMT. The model is then fully validated in a real application environment by comparing experimental and simulated results of output power, power-added efficiency, and nonlinear distortion obtained from a power amplifier.
Robust tracking by accounting for hard negatives explicitly

In this paper, we present a method of robust tracking by accounting for hard negatives (i.e., distractors) of the tracking target explicitly. Our method extends the recently proposed Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) approach [7] in two aspects: (i) When learning the on-line fern detector, instead of using a set of features which are first randomly generated and then fixed throughout the tracking, we utilize a feature selection stage which constantly improves the performance of the detector, especially in tracking articulated objects (e.g., pedestrians); (ii) To address the diversity of distractors, instead of tracking a target against the whole set of collected negative examples, we account for the hard negatives explicitly, so that tracking drifts are largely prevented when multiple resembled targets appear in videos (e.g., people with white skirts and jeans). Experiments on a series of diverse videos show that our method outperforms TLD.
Control of Methyl Methacrylate During the Preparation of Orthopedic Bone Cements

The use of methyl methacrylate (MMA) bone cement during orthopedic procedures has been seen as a potential exposure hazard to health care professionals. However, that assessment is based on a number of investigations with problems in experimental design, analysis, and data interpretation. The current investigation quantified differences in MMA vapors produced during the preparation of competing bone cements using various methods of preparation. Unlike previous investigations, this effort employs modern validated sampling and analytical methods, and considers the affect of censored results. Measurements of sufficient quality and number were collected to allow for a statistical treatment of the data. The ability of two controlled preparation techniques to reduce MMA emissions were compared with a traditional open container. The results confirmed that the preparation of bone cement releases MMA vapors into the breathing zone of the preparer. One preparation technique (Stryker Bowl) controlled emissions during mixing and curing and affected a 73% reduction in measured MMA concentrations. In addition to mixing and curing, the second technique (UltraMix System) also controlled the MMA during pouring of the monomer and affected a 90% reduction in MMA concentrations. An ANOVA test of interaction indicates that the reductions are attributable to the preparation technique regardless of the type of cement being used. Both a Fisher's PLSD and Games/Howell post hoc test of the results indicate that the mean differences between the uncontrolled open container and the controlled preparation techniques are significant (p < 0.05).
Comparing Similarity Measures for Distributional Thesauri

Distributional thesauri have been applied for a variety of tasks involving semantic relatedness. In this paper, we investigate the impact of three parameters: similarity measures, frequency thresholds and association scores. We focus on the robustness and stability of the resulting thesauri, measuring inter-thesaurus agreement when testing different parameter values. The results obtained show that low-frequency thresholds affect thesaurus quality more than similarity measures, with more agreement found for increasing thresholds.These results indicate the sensitivity of distributional thesauri to frequency. Nonetheless, the observed differences do not transpose over extrinsic evaluation using TOEFL-like questions. While this may be specific to the task, we argue that a careful examination of the stability of distributional resources prior to application is needed.
Analysis of Automated Model against DDoS Attacks

Today Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are causing major threat to perform online business over the Internet. Recently several schemes have been proposed on how to prevent some of these attacks, but they suffer from a range of problems, some of them being impractical and others not being effective against these attacks. Our previous work proposed an automated model that deals with the overall DDoS problem. With a new packet marking technique and agent design, our approach has many advanced features to minimize the DDoS attacks within a single ISP domain. In this paper we discuss different types of attacks that are possible on our model and propose techniques to counteract the identified attacks. We will also discuss security protocols for communication between different entities in our model.
1 Blood Flow in End-to-Side Anastomoses

Blood flow in end-to-side autogenous or prosthetic graft anastomoses is of great interest to biomedical researchers because the biomechanical force profile engendered by blood flow disturbances at such geometric transitions is thought to play a significant role in vascular remodeling and graft failure. Thus, investigators have extensively studied anastomotic blood flow patterns in relationship to graft failure with the objective of enabling design of a more optimal graft anastomotic geometry. In contrast to arterial bifurcations, surgically created anastomoses can be modified to yield a flow environment that improves graft longevity. Understanding blood flow patterns at anastomotic junctions is a challenging problem because of the highly varying and complex three-dimensional nature of the geometry that is subjected to pulsatile and, occasionally, turbulent flow.
Metabolomic Analysis of Liver Tissue from the VX2 Rabbit Model of Secondary Liver Tumors

Purpose. The incidence of liver neoplasms is rising in USA. The purpose of this study was to determine metabolic profiles of liver tissue during early cancer development. Methods. We used the rabbit VX2 model of liver tumors (LT) and a control group consisting of sham animals implanted with Gelfoam into their livers (LG). After two weeks from implantation, liver tissue from lobes with and without tumor was obtained from experimental animals (LT+/LT−) as well as liver tissue from controls (LG+/LG−). Peaks obtained by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry were subjected to identification. 56 metabolites were identified and their profiles compared between groups using principal component analysis (PCA) and a mixed-effect two-way ANOVA model. Results. Animals recovered from surgery uneventfully. Analyses identified a metabolite profile that significantly differs in experimental conditions after controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR). 16 metabolites concentrations differed significantly when comparing samples from (LT+/LT−) to samples from (LG+/LG−) livers. A significant difference was also shown in 20 metabolites when comparing samples from (LT+) liver lobes to samples from (LT−) liver lobes. Conclusion. Normal liver tissue harboring malignancy had a distinct metabolic signature. The role of metabolic profiles on liver biopsies for the detection of early liver cancer remains to be determined.
Molecular Gas in the Low-Metallicity, Star-forming Dwarf IC 10

We present a complete survey of CO (1 → 0) emission in the Local Group dwarf irregular IC 10. The survey, conducted with the BIMA interferometer, covers the stellar disk and a large fraction of the extended H I envelope with the sensitivity and resolution necessary to detect individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs) at the distance of IC 10 (950 kpc). We find 16 clouds with a total CO luminosity of 1 × 106 K km s-1 pc2, equivalent to 4 × 106 M☉ of molecular gas using the Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor. Observations with the ARO 12 m find that BIMA may resolve out as much as 50% of the CO emission, and we estimate the total CO luminosity as ~2.2 × 106 K km s-1 pc2. We measure the properties of 14 GMCs from high-resolution OVRO data. These clouds are very similar to Galactic GMCs in their sizes, line widths, luminosities, and CO-to-H2 conversion factors, despite the low metallicity of IC 10 (Z ≈ 1/5 Z☉). Comparing the BIMA survey to the atomic gas and stellar content of IC 10, we find that most of the CO emission is coincident with high surface density H I. IC 10 displays a much higher star formation rate per unit molecular (H2) or total (H I+H2) gas than most galaxies. This could be a real difference or may be an evolutionary effect—the star formation rate may have been higher in the recent past.
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM : It ’ s Implication To Employee Performance

Performance appraisal is a vital tool to measure the frameworks set by any organization to its employees. It is utilized to track individual contribution and performance against organizational goals and to identify individual strengths and opportunities for future improvements and assessed whether organizational goals are achieved or serves as basis for the company’s future planning and development . This study examined the status of the performance appraisal system of Nass Construction Company and its implication to employees performance. The respondents of this study were tenured employees. The purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. Quantitative and qualitative method of research was utilized in the gathering of data. Interviews, focus group discussion and survey questionnaires were the main instrument used in this study. The result of the study showed that the performance appraisal system of the company are in place, aligned with the vision and mission of the institution , and is accurate in terms of content and purpose. On the other hand, the results reflected that the performance appraisal system of the company has brought about both positive and negative impact on the employees performance. Further, the respondents identified some major gaps in the implementation of the company’s appraisal system: no appropriate rewards are given to best employees, appraisal system was not fully explained to employees, no feedback of results and employees do not participate in the formulation of evaluation tools. It is recommended that the company should revisit and redesign its appraisal system that aligns to its vision and mission towards the attainment of its organizational goals.
Occupational aspirations - development and consequences of failure in achievement

This paper examines whether the degree of convergence between occupational aspirations and actual occupational achievement can elucidate the relationship between socioeconomic status and sickness absence. The analyses draw on survey data from a longitudinal study following 1,552 respondents from adolescence through young adulthood linked to register data on sickness absence. Occupational aspirations in adolescence were contrasted with actual occupational achievement in young adulthood and used to predict sickness absence. In accordance with existing research, socioeconomic status significantly predicted sickness absence, even after controlling for several relevant variables. Including aspiration achievement in the analysis reduced the relationship between socioeconomic status and sickness absence, while aspiration achievement was significantly related to sickness absence. The findings indicate that aspiration achievement mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and sickness absence.
High Bit Encoding Chipless RFID Tag Using Multiple E-Shaped Microstrip Resonators

Encoding a large number of bits within a narrow band is an important factor in the development of chipless RFID tags. A novel 8 bit chipless RFID tag with a limited bandwidth of 650 MHz is proposed here. The proposed tag comprises a multi-resonating circuit with eight E-shaped microstrip resonators in the frequency band of 3.12 to 3.77 GHz and two cross-polarized transmitting and receiving monopole antennas. The unique feature of the proposed tag is that a different set of frequencies can be derived by changing a single parameter of the structure. The prototype of the tag is fabricated on a substrate C-MET LK4.3 of dielectric constant 4.3 and loss tangent 0.0018. Different tag combinations are designed and tested using bistatic measurement setup. Measurement results on realized prototypes are provided to ensure the reliability of the proposed design.
Institutional Investors and Proxy Voting: The Impact of the 2003 Mutual Fund Voting Disclosure Regulation

This paper examines the impact on shareholder voting of the mutual fund voting disclosure regulation adopted by the SEC in 2003, using a paired sample of proposals submitted before and after the rule change. We focus on how voting outcomes relate to institutional ownership and the voting behavior of mutual funds. While voting support for management has decreased over time, there is no evidence that mutual funds' support for management declined after the rule change, as expected by advocates of disclosure. In fact, in the context of management-sponsored proposals on executive equity incentive compensation plans, mutual funds appear to have increased their support for management after the rule change. We also find that this result is not due to changes in compensation plan features, nor that voting outcomes were plausibly related to broker voting, which was eliminated in a parallel 2003 stock exchange rule change. Finally, there is some evidence that firms with greater mutual fund ownership adopt a higher frequency of sponsoring executive equity incentive compensation plans, which could partly explain our findings.
Energy Aware Reliable Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Energy is a critical and challenging issue for battery-constrained devices, especially for mobile ad hoc stations, which are responsible for relaying data packets for neighbor nodes. Therefore, considerable research has been devoted to the research of energy consumption efficiency. Care has been taken not only to reduce the overall energy consumption but also to balance individual battery usage, since unbalanced energy consumption will result in earlier node failure for overloaded nodes, and then lead to network partition and reduced network lifetime. This paper presents a novel on demand routing algorithm named energy aware reliable routing (EARR) to avoid the over usage of hot spots, reduce the route-reconstructions due to residual energy shortages, and finally prolong network lifetime. In the method, only nodes with sufficient residual energy to complete the task will take part in the propagation of route request (RREQ), therefore only valid path has the potential to transmit data. Simulation results verified that EARR can improve the network performance in terms of average route discovery time, normalized routing load, as well distribution of energy consumption. Besides, it is more robust to energy estimation error than existing methods.
A binary-classification-based metric between time-series distributions and its use in statistical and learning problems

A metric between time-series distributions is proposed that can be evaluated using binary classification methods, which were originally developed to work on i.i. d. data. It is shown how this metric can be used for solving statistical problems that are seemingly unrelated to classification and concern highly dependent time series. Specifically, the problems of time-series clustering, homogeneity testing and the three-sample problem are addressed. Universal consistency of the resulting algorithms is proven under most general assumptions. The theoretical results are illustrated with experiments on synthetic and real-world data.
Development of Li+ selective microelectrode using PPy [3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2] as a solid contact

Planar all solid-contact ion-selective microelectrodes (ASC-μISEs) with a conducting polymer (polypyrrole doped with cobaltabis(dicarbollide) anion [3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]) as a solid contact layer between the polymeric membrane sensitive to lithium (Li) and the gold (Au) substrate were prepared and investigated. The N,N-dicyclohexyl-N′,N′-diisobutylyl-cis-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxamide (ETH 1810) was used as ionophore for Li recognition. The developed microelectrodes show a linear response for Li+ concentration between 6×10-5 M and 1×10-1 M with slope of 53±1 mV per decade and exhibits remarkably enhanced selectivity for Li over other cations. The calibration plots using artificial serum containing three different levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (135, 145 and 155 mM) as a background electrolyte were shown a linear response with a slope of 50 mV per decade in the clinical range of interest (0.7-1.5×10-3 M Li+). The developed microelectrodes will be used to determine Li+ concentrations in serum samples of manic-depressive patients under Li treatment. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.
A Pharmacogenetics-Based Warfarin Maintenance Dosing Algorithm from Northern Chinese Patients

Inconsistent associations with warfarin dose were observed in genetic variants except VKORC1 haplotype and CYP2C9*3 in Chinese people, and few studies on warfarin dose algorithm was performed in a large Chinese Han population lived in Northern China. Of 787 consenting patients with heart-valve replacements who were receiving long-term warfarin maintenance therapy, 20 related Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. Only VKORC1 and CYP2C9 SNPs were observed to be significantly associated with warfarin dose. In the derivation cohort (n = 551), warfarin dose variability was influenced, in decreasing order, by VKORC1 rs7294 (27.3%), CYP2C9*3(7.0%), body surface area(4.2%), age(2.7%), target INR(1.4%), CYP4F2 rs2108622 (0.7%), amiodarone use(0.6%), diabetes mellitus(0.6%), and digoxin use(0.5%), which account for 45.1% of the warfarin dose variability. In the validation cohort (n = 236), the actual maintenance dose was significantly correlated with predicted dose (r = 0.609, P<0.001). Our algorithm could improve the personalized management of warfarin use in Northern Chinese patients.
Homogeneity and heterogeneity in information technology private standard settings – the institutional account

The IT (information technology) standardisation landscape is characterised by the increasing importance of private standard setting consortia, a greater convergence between the structural features of formal and private standard organisations, and greater diversity in standard organisations. Institutional theory has been applied to explain the convergence of standard setting bodies. This paper applies institutional theory to four studies of standards organisations, showing that there are indeed homogenising mimetic, coercive and normative forces in standard setting that lead to the convergence of emergent organisations with the institutional features, but that there are also forces promoting heterogeneity, in particular the multiplicity of institutional fields within which standards consortia operate, leading to a complex, and often conflicting, matrix of institutional norms to be accommodated.
The Timing and Neuroanatomy of Conscious Vision as Revealed by TMS-induced Blindsight

Following damage to the primary visual cortex, some patients exhibit “blindsight,” where they report a loss of awareness while retaining the ability to discriminate visual stimuli above chance. Transient disruption of occipital regions with TMS can produce a similar dissociation, known as TMS-induced blindsight. The neural basis of this residual vision is controversial, with some studies attributing it to the retinotectal pathway via the superior colliculus whereas others implicate spared projections that originate predominantly from the LGN. Here we contrasted these accounts by combining TMS with visual stimuli that either activate or bypass the retinotectal and magnocellular (R/M) pathways. We found that the residual capacity of TMS-induced blindsight occurs for stimuli that bypass the R/M pathways, indicating that such pathways, which include those to the superior colliculus, are not critical. We also found that the modulation of conscious vision was time and pathway dependent. TMS applied either early (0–40 msec) or late (280–320 msec) after stimulus onset modulated detection of stimuli that did not bypass R/M pathways, whereas during an intermediate period (90–130 msec) the effect was pathway independent. Our findings thus suggest a prominent role for the R/M pathways in supporting both the preparatory and later stages of conscious vision. This may help resolve apparent conflict in previous literature by demonstrating that the roles of the retinotectal and geniculate pathways are likely to be more nuanced than simply corresponding to the unconscious/conscious dichotomy.
Semi-Markov model for simulating MOOC students

Large-scale experiments are often expensive and time consuming. Although Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) provide a solid and consistent framework for learning analytics, MOOC practitioners are still reluctant to risk resources in experiments. In this study, we suggest a methodology for simulating MOOC students, which allow estimation of distributions, before implementing a large-scale experiment. To this end, we employ generative models to draw independent samples of artificial students in Monte Carlo simulations. We use Semi-Markov Chains for modeling student's activities and Expectation-Maximization algorithm for fitting the model. From the fitted model, we generate simulated students whose processes of weekly activities are similar to these of the real students.