Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cell loss after small incision cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND The corneal endothelium plays an important role in maintaining the dehydrated state and the transparency of the cornea. Some degree of endothelial cell loss invariably occurs in all types of cataract surgery but the amount of endothelial cell loss varies with the surgical technique. AIM To evaluate the density of the central corneal endothelial cells before and after small incision cataract surgery (SICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 eyes of 100 patients undergoing SICS with PC IOL were included in the study. Endothelial cell density was measured with non-contact specular microscope pre-operatively and post-operatively on Day 1, Day 7 and at one month. RESULTS The mean endothelial cell count pre-operatively was 2673 ± 358.85 cells / sq mm while post-operatively at 1 month it was 2249.77 ± 354.04 cells / sq mm. CONCLUSION There is 15.83 % reduction in endothelial cell count after SICS with PC IOL implantation, which is comparable with other modes of cataract surgery like extra-capsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification.
Field‐expedient screening and injury risk algorithm categories as predictors of noncontact lower extremity injury

In athletics, efficient screening tools are sought to curb the rising number of noncontact injuries and associated health care costs. The authors hypothesized that an injury prediction algorithm that incorporates movement screening performance, demographic information, and injury history can accurately categorize risk of noncontact lower extremity (LE) injury. One hundred eighty‐three collegiate athletes were screened during the preseason. The test scores and demographic information were entered into an injury prediction algorithm that weighted the evidence‐based risk factors. Athletes were then prospectively followed for noncontact LE injury. Subsequent analysis collapsed the groupings into two risk categories: Low (normal and slight) and High (moderate and substantial). Using these groups and noncontact LE injuries, relative risk (RR), sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated. Forty‐two subjects sustained a noncontact LE injury over the course of the study. Athletes identified as High Risk (n = 63) were at a greater risk of noncontact LE injury (27/63) during the season [RR: 3.4 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 6.0]. These results suggest that an injury prediction algorithm composed of performance on efficient, low‐cost, field‐ready tests can help identify individuals at elevated risk of noncontact LE injury.
Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept

This research contributes to the development of the theory of intrapreneurship by clarifying the intrapreneurship concept. Intrapreneurship is more precisely defined by referring to emergent behavioral intentions and behaviors that are related to departures from the customary ways of doing business in existing organizations. The intrapreneurship concept is positioned in the management literature, is contrasted with other similar management concepts and developed as an integrative concept composed of eight distinct, yet related dimensions.
Coping styles among adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes

This study identified and compared different coping styles among adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. A sample comprising 534 Norwegian adults with both types of diabetes aged between 25-70 participated in the study. Diabetes-related coping styles were assessed by self-reports, using the Diabetes Coping Measure and sub-scales from the COPE scale. A clear majority of the respondents reported to integrate their diabetes. Other encouraging findings indicated that only a small minority responded to diabetes-related problems by denial and/or mental disengagement and resignation. On the other hand, a substantial proportion of the respondents reported that they seldom used active task-oriented coping, such as seeking social support, seeking knowledge and planning. This lack of active task-orientation was more evident among people with Type 2 diabetes than among those with Type 1. The differences found between types of diabetes and coping were mainly related to higher age and lower educational level among people with Type 2 diabetes. Moreover, 40% of the respondents reported that they often blamed themselves. In addition, self-blame correlated significantly with both the active and passive coping styles. The present results indicate that there is ample potential for improving active task orientation among adults with diabetes. It should, however, be of some concern that improving active coping may be associated with an increase in self-blaming.
Assessing the temporal reliability of rhythm metrics

Despite the current popularity of rhythm metrics, there has been relatively little work aimed at establishing their validity or reliability, important characteristics of any empirical measure. The current paper focuses on the stability, or temporal reliability, of rhythm metrics by establishing if they give consistent results for the same speakers, in the same task, on successive occasions. Four speakers of Southern British English were recorded reading ‘The North Wind and the Sun’ (NWS) passage on three consecutive days. Results indicated that some measures correlate more highly across time than others, and the choice of a measure that is both reliable and valid is discussed. It is suggested that the metric that best fits these criteria is formulated in terms of the proportion of vowels within an utterance (%V).
Gender differences in the job satisfaction of university teachers

In recent years there has been a substantial rise in the number of women entering the work force. One consequence of this trend is that it has generated considerable interest in the relationship between gender and job satisfaction. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gender on the job satisfaction of UK academics. A questionnaire including several demographic questions such as gender, rank and age was administered to 1,102 university teachers. A total of 554 responses was received, giving a response rate of 50.3 per cent. The results indicated that gender does not affect the job satisfaction of university teachers directly. However, the interaction effect of gender and rank was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Overall, female academics at higher ranks namely, senior lecturers, readers and professors, were more satisfied with their jobs than male academics of comparable ranks. The implications of this finding and other results are explored.
Exploring Student and Supervisor Interaction During the SciPro Thesis Process: Two Use Cases

Common problems identified by students during their interaction with supervisors are too little instructions as well as infrequent and insufficient supervisor feedback. The SciPro system has been developed to tackle these problems. This paper describes, analyze and discuss the interaction between students and supervisors using the SciPro system. Through two use cases involving two supervisors and 38 bachelor and master students, the authors show that the structure implemented in SciPro supports and allows for different pedagogical approaches and supervision styles. Ten different types of interactions in the thesis process are identified. In order to explain why some students do not complete within the timeframe, the authors identify six categories of problems: 1 language skills, 2 inability to apply research methods, 3 ability for self-study, 4 lack of creativity, 5 limited knowledge about how to write academic work, and 6 lack of motivation. The collaborative stage of group-supervision may be one possible way to deal with the different type of support for the process of managing student theses.
Foot Function Index in End Stage Ankle Arthritis Responsiveness and Validity of the SF-36 , Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale , AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot Score , and

Background: We examined four commonly used scores, the SF-36, the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle Hindfoot Score, and the Foot Function Index (FFI) to determine their responsiveness and validity. Methods: Patients with end stage ankle arthritis were recruited into a prospective multicenter cohort study and baseline and one year outcome scores were compared. The Standardized Response Mean and Effect Size for the AOS, AOFAS, and FFI were calculated and the three regionor disease-specific scores were compared with the SF36 to determine their criterion validity. Results: All four scores showed acceptable responsiveness, and when using the validated SF-36 as the standard the three region or disease specific scores all showed similar criterion validity. Conclusion: All four scores are responsive and can be considered for use in this population. The objective component of the AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot Score may make it harder to perform than the other three scores which have subjective components only, and as yet its objective component has not been shown to demonstrate reliability. We recommend use of a purely subjective score such as the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale or Foot Function Index as the regionor disease-specific score of choice in this population. As the SF-36 shows acceptable responsiveness, using it alone could also be
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PARENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH IN CHINESE FAMILIES IN AN IMPOVERISHED CONTEXT IN HONG KONG

Based on data collected from 504 parents in Tin Shui Wai, oneof the lowest income-level communities in Hong Kong, thepresent study found that, in addition to financial strain, cumulativefamily stressors associated with poverty had deleteriousimpacts on family functioning and parental psychological health.Furthermore, negative effects of cumulative family stressors onfamily functioning were significantly shrunk after adding parentalself-efficacy as mediator, and became insignificant after addingparenting stress and both parental self-efficacy and parentingstress as mediators. The results of this study are consonant tofamily stress model and demoralization thesis, postulating thatexperiencing multiple stressors at family level coalesced withpoverty may adversely influence family development andrelationships through their detriments on parental psychologicalhealth. Implications for service practices were briefly discussed.
Effects of Two-Group and Whole-Class Teaching on Regrouped Elementary Students’ Mathematics Achievement

The effects of two models of active teaching and active learning on the mathematics achievement of 1,736fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students in 81 classrooms in which teachers used within-grade regrouping were compared: a whole-class model that provided for student diversity through ad hoc remediation and enrichment on a daily basis with small groups (referred to as whole-class ad hoc teaching) and a two-group model that accommodated diversity through fixed within-class ability groups. Nine schools from a midwestern district were matched and randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Treatment teachers received three 90-minute workshops on an active teaching and active learning model consisting of 16 key instructional behaviors. Dependent variables consisted of computation, concepts, problem-solving, and mental mathematics measures. Results showed that students in whole-class ad hoc classes scored significantly higher in mathematics computation than control-group students taught using within-class ability grouping. Observational data explaining these differential effects are presented and discussed.
Cities and Subcultures

Recently there has been renewed attention to the concept of culture in analyses of urban politics. That resurgence has taken a different path from the religion-, race-, and ethnicity-dominated approach of classic formulations. Instead, a variety of scholars conceptualize and measure subculture based on trends at the heart of a postindustrial, cultural divide in the United States. Focusing on change in women’s social roles, greater prevalence of postsecondary education, increases in nontraditional household arrangements, the decline in traditional religious attachments, and the growing importance of “creative-class” occupations, writers have identified an emergent “unconventional” or “new political culture” that can be differentiated from a traditional or conventional subculture. This article presents a measurement validation study of this new approach that also shows the substantial correspondence between Census Bureau–based and survey-based measures of this new conceptualization.
A Social Identity Theory of Leadership

A social identity theory of leadership is described that views leadership as a group process generated by social categorization and prototype-based depersonalization processes associated with social identity. Group identification, as self-categorization, constructs an intragroup prototypicality gradient that invests the most prototypical member with the appearance of having influence; the appearance arises because members cognitively and behaviorally conform to the prototype. The appearance of influence becomes a reality through depersonalized social attraction processes that make followers agree and comply with the leader's ideas and suggestions. Consensual social attraction also imbues the leader with apparent status and creates a status-based structural differentiation within the group into leader(s) and followers, which has characteristics of unequal status intergroup relations. In addition, a fundamental attribution process constructs a charismatic leadership personality for the leader, which further empowers the leader and sharpens the leader-follower status differential. Empirical support for the theory is reviewed and a range of implications discussed, including intergroup dimensions, uncertainty reduction and extremism, power, and pitfalls of prototype-based leadership.
Competing interest groups and union members' voting

Objective. This study is designed to assess the impact of support for union and social interest groups on labor union members' voting. Methods. Descriptive and logit analyses of members' support for senatorial and gubernatorial candidates in the 1994 Pennsylvania elections examine the relationship between support for the union and support for the Christian Coalition and National Rifle Association. Results. The results indicate that union members who are more supportive of labor's political goals are more likely to support union‐endorsed candidates. But union members differ considerably in their support for union political goals vis‐a‐vis the Christian Coalition and National Rifle Association. Conclusions. Unions were a potentially pivotal force in the 1994 Pennsylvania elections. If they had been better able to educate their members about the importance of voting their economic self‐interest, then the election outcomes might have been reversed.
Ergodic theoretic proof of equidistribution of Hecke points

We prove the equidistribution of Hecke points for any connected non-compact $\mathbb{Q}$-simple real algebraic group G and an arithmetic subgroup $\Gamma\subset G(\mathbb{Q})$, generalizing a theorem of Clozel, Oh and Ullmo. The main tool is a theorem of Mozes and Shah on unipotent flows.
What Happens After ERP Implementation: Understanding the Impact of Interdependence and Differentiation on Plant-Level Outcomes

We present a model of the organizational impacts of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems once the system has gone live and the "shake-out" phase has occurred. Organizational information processing theory states that performance is influenced by the level of fit between information processing mechanisms and organizational context. Two important elements of this context are interdependence and differentiation among subunits of the organization. Because ERP systems include data and process integration, the theory suggests that ERP will be a relatively better fit when interdependence is high and differentiation is low. Our model focuses at the subunit level of the organization (business function or location, such as a manufacturing plant) and includes intermediate benefits through which ERP's overall subunit impact occurs (in our case at the plant level). ERP customization and the amount of time since ERP implementation are also included in the model. The resulting causal model is tested using a questionnaire survey of 111 manufacturing plants. The data support the key assertions in the model.
What can we learn from students’ questions?

The above questions were posed for discussion by a racially integrated class of second-grade students after hearing the book, Harriet Tubman: They Called Me Moses (Meyer & Kerstetter, 1988). Instead of responding to questions from the teacher, these children were encouraged to "set the agenda" during storybook discussions by raising their own questions. A student-centered approach to questioning is consistent with Dewey's (1944) recommendation that "genuine" as opposed to "simulated" problems be at the center of our educational efforts to foster
FCN-rLSTM: Deep Spatio-Temporal Neural Networks for Vehicle Counting in City Cameras

In this paper, we develop deep spatio-temporal neural networks to sequentially count vehicles from low quality videos captured by city cameras (citycams). Citycam videos have low resolution, low frame rate, high occlusion and large perspective, making most existing methods lose their efficacy. To overcome limitations of existing methods and incorporate the temporal information of traffic video, we design a novel FCN-rLSTM network to jointly estimate vehicle density and vehicle count by connecting fully convolutional neural networks (FCN) with long short term memory networks (LSTM) in a residual learning fashion. Such design leverages the strengths of FCN for pixel-level prediction and the strengths of LSTM for learning complex temporal dynamics. The residual learning connection reformulates the vehicle count regression as learning residual functions with reference to the sum of densities in each frame, which significantly accelerates the training of networks. To preserve feature map resolution, we propose a Hyper-Atrous combination to integrate atrous convolution in FCN and combine feature maps of different convolution layers. FCN-rLSTM enables refined feature representation and a novel end-to-end trainable mapping from pixels to vehicle count. We extensively evaluated the proposed method on different counting tasks with three datasets, with experimental results demonstrating their effectiveness and robustness. In particular, FCN-rLSTM reduces the mean absolute error (MAE) from 5.31 to 4.21 on TRANCOS; and reduces the MAE from 2.74 to 1.53 on WebCamT. Training process is accelerated by 5 times on average.
Highly task-related diversity vs. less task-related diversity among university staff

As only very few large-scale studies have investigated multi-cultural university staff and as none of these studies have dealt with diversity and group processes, this survey was directed toward staffs in 16 science departments from three large universities in Denmark. Results based on the response from 489 university staff members showed that age diversity and cultural diversity, representing highly task-related diversity, were positively associated with most of the variables depicting group cohesiveness. On the other hand, gender diversity, illustrating less task-related diversity, seemed to have a mostly negative influence on the variables portraying group cohesiveness. Implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
Performance Analysis for Heterogeneous Cellular Systems with Range Expansion

In this paper, the uplink coverage probability for heterogeneous cellular systems with range expansion is analyzed and derived in closed-form. Unlike most of the previous analyses of heterogeneous systems, the randomness of not only the number of mobile users but also their locations is taken into account in the analysis based on the theory of stochastic geometry. With the derived analytical results, the impacts of various system parameters on the uplink performance are investigated in detail. The correctness of the analytical results is also verified by simulations. These analytical results can thus serve as a guidance for the design of the heterogeneous systems.
The War Experience of Lebanese Adolescents: July 2006

Lebanon has been experiencing conflicts (internal and external) since 1960, and Lebanese from all regions have been affected by them through either exposure to shelling or combat, displacement, bereavement, emigration, separation from parents, or being a witness or even a victim of violent acts (Macksoud & Aber, 1996). This research investigates the war experience of 549 Lebanese adolescents from 4 main regions in Lebanon (i.e., Beirut, southern Lebanon, the Bekaa Valley, and northern Lebanon) after the war in 2006. It looks at 10 main experiences that are spread over 3 subscales labeled active involvement, passive involvement, and loss. Results have shown that shelling and combat were mostly experienced by adolescents from the Bekaa Valley, and deprivation was experienced equally by adolescents from southern Lebanon and the Bekaa Valley. Furthermore, involvement in combat and injuries were only significantly associated with religious affiliation. This being said, region had a significant effect on all types of war traumas except emigration. Further research examining specific psychological factors needs to be conducted to gain a better understanding of these war experiences and their impacts.
Hardware Particle Swarm Optimization with passive congregation for embedded applications

Achieving high performance optimization algorithms for embedded applications can be very challenging, particularly when several requirements such as high accuracy computations, short elapsed time, area cost, low power consumption and portability must be accomplished. This paper proposes a hardware implementation of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with passive congregation (HPPSOpc), which was developed using several floating-point arithmetic libraries. The passive congregation is a biological behavior which allows the swarm to preserve its integrity, balancing between global and local search. The HPPSOpc architecture was implemented on a Virtex5 FPGA device and validated using two multimodal benchmark problems. Synthesis, simulation and execution time results demonstrates that the passive congregation approach is a low cost solution for solving embedded optimization problems with a high performance.
The Effects of Context and Content on Immediate Processing in Reading

Four experiments were conducted to examine the processes by which fluent readers comprehend prose. In each study the material was presented a few words at a time on an on-line visual display and the subject pressed a button to move on from one display to the next. The inter-reponse time was used as an index of local processing difficulty. The results of Experiment I indicated that readers pause considerably at the ends of clauses and sentences, and that they show no tendency to speed up across sentences. This pattern of results questions the role of prediction in reading. In Experiments II and III immediate processing was found to be unaffected by two types of syntactically-predictive clue and the effect of a third (semantic) clue was equivocal. Experiment IV replicated the results of Experiment I and showed, in addition, that pausing at the ends of clauses and sentences is a function of the difficulty of the content of the text. More detailed analyses showed that reading rate is modulated by the frequency of the words and by the number of characters in the display. Taken together the results suggest that reading rate is largely determined by the speed with which a reader can access the meanings of words and construct a representation of the text rather than by the speed with which they can formulate and test successive predictions about it.