Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stem Fixation in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparative Analysis

Methods of stem fixation are a controversial aspect of revision TKA. We sought to determine which technique was superior by reviewing 475 revision TKAs done between 1986 and 2000. Of these 475 revisions, 286 major component revisions were done using 484 extended stems for fixation. Patients who died, patients who had less than 2 years followupm, or patients who had diaphyseal engaging stems were excluded from the study. The final data set included 113 revision TKAs with 202 metaphyseal engaging stems. Of the 202 stems, 107 were cemented whereas 95 were press-fit metaphyseal engaging stems. One hundred one of these were femoral stems and 101 were tibial stems. Using a modified Knee Society radiographic scoring system, 100 (93%) of the 107 implants with cemented stems were considered stable, seven (7%) were categorized as possibly loose requiring close followup, and none were loose. Of the 95 implants placed with cementless stems, only 67 (71%) were categorized as stable. Eighteen (19%) were possibly loose requiring close followup and 10 (10%) were loose (two tibial and eight femoral implants). We currently would urge caution in using cementless metaphyseal engaging stems for fixation in revision TKA.
Efficient computation of generalized input-to-state ℒ2-gains of discrete-time switched linear systems

This paper proposes an efficient way to compute the ℒ<sub>2</sub>-gains of discrete-time switched linear systems. Using the notion of generating functions, generalized versions of ℒ<sub>2</sub>-gains under arbitrary switching are studied. An efficient numerical algorithm is formulated by which these generalized ℒ<sub>2</sub>-gains can be estimated. The proposed method mitigates the problem of conservative bounds. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm.
Simple Answers: Alternative Teacher Certification

Ames, C. (1981). Competitive versus cooperative reward structures: The influence of individual and group performance factors on achievement attributions and affect. American Educational Research Journal, 18, 273-287. Aronson, E. , Blaney, N. , Stephan, C. , Sikes, J., & Snapp, M. (1978). The jigsaw classroom. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Bossert, S. T. (1988-1989). Cooperative activities in the classroom. In E. Z. Rothkopf (Ed.), Review of research in education (Vol. 15, pp. 225-252). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines by SCH79797, a Selective Protease-Activated Receptor 1 Antagonist, Protects Rat Kidney Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is the most common cause of acute renal failure. It is partially mediated by thrombin as it is attenuated by thrombin inhibition or deletion of its receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). However, the role of PAR1 in renal I/R injury needs to be further elucidated. The present study investigated the effect of PAR1 antagonist, SCH79797 (SCH), on renal protection and downstream effectors involved. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with SCH (25 &mgr;g/kg i.p.) or vehicle, 15 min before 45 min of clamping of left renal pedicle after right nephrectomy. To investigate the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, a group of rats was subjected to pretreatment with an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt (LY 29004, 3 mg/kg i.p.) before renal ischemia and SCH treatment. A sham-operated group served as control and received saline. All rats were killed 24 h after reperfusion or sham operation, and blood samples collected and kidney tissues processed either for immunostaining and histological assessment or for biochemical analysis. SCH79797 markedly attenuated kidney damage histologically and by improving serum creatinine. Both plasma and protein expression of P selectin were markedly reduced as well as neutrophil infiltration, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1, and tumor necrosis factor &agr;. These protective effects of blocking PAR1 receptor were abolished by preadministration of LY29004. These results suggest that PAR1 mediates renal I/R injury and that blocking PAR1 using SCH limits renal injury by an anti-inflammatory effect possibly signaling via PI3K/Akt. ABBREVIATIONS I/R—ischemia-reperfusion PAR1—protease-activated receptor 1
Memory, Emotion, and Rationality: An ACT-R interpretation for Gambling Task results

A new interpretation for the results of several experiments carried out using the Gambling Task paradigm is presented that differs from that put forward by Damasio (1994). While Damasio grounds his analysis on the somatic markers hypothesis, we propose a perspective based on the functional integration of emotion with memory that is sympathetic with the view of the prefrontal cortex endorsed by Rolls (1999, 2000). Our interpretation is supported by the development of a computational model implemented in the ACT-R cognitive architecture. The model highlights some limitations of the architecture that arise when dealing with situations charged with emotional significance. In particular, the model—when developed according to the standard ACT-R theory—produces a perseverating behavior that replicates the performance exhibited by participants with lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex. An adjustment to the ACT-R equations describing the activation of elements in declarative memory is suggested that allows modeling the performance of both normal controls and orbitofrontal patients.
Bayesian hierarchical weighting adjustment and survey inference

We combine Bayesian prediction and weighted inference as a unified approach to survey inference. The general principles of Bayesian analysis imply that models for survey outcomes should be conditional on all variables that affect the probability of inclusion. We incorporate the weighting variables under the framework of multilevel regression and poststratification, as a byproduct generating model-based weights after smoothing. We investigate deep interactions and introduce structured prior distributions for smoothing and stability of estimates. The computation is done via Stan and implemented in the open source R package "rstanarm" ready for public use. Simulation studies illustrate that model-based prediction and weighting inference outperform classical weighting. We apply the proposal to the New York Longitudinal Study of Wellbeing. The new approach generates robust weights and increases efficiency for finite population inference, especially for subsets of the population.
Identifikasi Miskonsepsi dan Penyebab Miskonsepsi Siswa dengan Three-tier Diagnostic Test Pada Materi Dinamika Rotasi

Dalam pembelajaran Fisika, sering ditemui adanya miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa,tidak terkecuali pada materi Dinamika Rotasi.Untuk mengidentifikasi kelemahaman konsepyang terjadi, telah digunakan instrumen tes diagnostik tiga tingkat (three-tier diagnostic test). Hasil diagnosis menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami miskonsepsi terendah pada konsepteorema sumbu paralel sebesar 53,90% yang disebabkan oleh false negative, yang berupa kecerobohan siswa sebesar 48,68%. Sedangkan miskonsepsi tertinggi dialami siswa pada konsep gerak menggelinding sebagai rotasi murni sebesar 86,52% yang disebabkan oleh pemikiran humanistik sebesar 54,10%. Kata Kunci: Miskonsepsi, three-tier diagnostic test, false negative, dan pemikiran humanistik. Abstract Every physics learning, to be often to discoverany misconceptions experienced by the students,no exception on the chapter Rotational Dynamics. To identify ofweakness concept happen, used an instrument in the form three levels of diagnostic test (three-tierdiagnostic test). The results of the diagnosis showed that students had the lowest misconceptions on the concept of the parallel axis theorem by 53.90% caused of false negative, as a form of student recklessness by 48.68%. While the highest misconceptions experienced by students on the concept of a rolling motion as pure rotation by 86.52% caused of the humanistic thinkingby 54.10%. Keywords: Misconception, three-tier diagnostic test, false negative, and humanistic thoughts.
Shear modulus reconstruction in dynamic elastography: time harmonic case

This paper presents a direct inversion approach for reconstructing the elastic shear modulus in soft tissue from dynamic measurements of the interior displacement field during time harmonic excitation. The tissue is assumed to obey the equations of nearly incompressible, linear, isotropic elasto-dynamics in harmonic motion. A finite element discretization of the governing equations is used as a basis, and a procedure is outlined to eliminate the need for boundary conditions in the inverse problem. The hydrostatic stress (pressure) is also reconstructed in the process, and the effect of neglecting this term in the governing equations, which is common practice, is considered. The approach does not require iterations and can be performed on sub-regions of the domain resulting in a computationally efficient method. A sensitivity study is performed to investigate the detectability of abnormal regions of different size and shear modulus contrast from the background. The algorithm is tested on simulated data on a two-dimensional domain, where the data are generated on a very fine mesh to get a near exact solution, then downsampled to a coarser mesh that is similar to the spatial discretization of actual data, and noise is added. Results showing the effect of the hydrostatic stress term and noise are presented. A reconstruction using MR measured experimental data involving a tissue-mimicking phantom is also shown to demonstrate the algorithm.
The role of audience participation and task relevance on change detection during a card trick

Magicians utilize many techniques for misdirecting audience attention away from the secret sleight of a trick. One technique is to ask an audience member to participate in a trick either physically by asking them to choose a card or cognitively by having them keep track of a card. While such audience participation is an established part of most magic the cognitive mechanisms by which it operates are unknown. Failure to detect changes to objects while passively viewing magic tricks has been shown to be conditional on the changing feature being irrelevant to the current task. How change blindness operates during interactive tasks is unclear but preliminary evidence suggests that relevance of the changing feature may also play a role (Triesch et al., 2003). The present study created a simple on-line card trick inspired by Triesch et al.’s (2003) that allowed playing cards to be instantaneously replaced without distraction or occlusion as participants were either actively sorting the cards (Doing condition) or watching another person perform the task (Watching conditions). Participants were given one of three sets of instructions. The relevance of the card color to the task increased across the three instructions. During half of the trials a card changed color (but retained its number) as it was moving to the stack. Participants were instructed to immediately report such changes. Analysis of the probability of reporting a change revealed that actively performing the sorting task led to more missed changes than passively watching the same task but only when the changing feature was irrelevant to the sorting task. If the feature was relevant during either the pick-up or put-down action change detection was as good as during the watching block. These results confirm the ability of audience participation to create subtle dynamics of attention and perception during a magic trick and hide otherwise striking changes at the center of attention.
TRUNK MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING DYNAMIC WEIGHT‐TRAINING EXERCISES AND ISOMETRIC INSTABILITY ACTIVITIES

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of activation in various trunk muscles during dynamic weight-training and isometric instability exercises. Sixteen subjects performed squats and deadlifts with 80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), as well as with body weight as resistance and 2 unstable calisthenic-type exercises (superman and sidebridge). Electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured from the lower abdominals (LA), external obliques (EO), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES), and lumbar-sacral erector spinae (LSES) muscle groups. Results indicated that the LSES EMG activity during the 80% 1RM squat significantly exceeded 80% 1RM deadlift LSES EMG activity by 34.5%. The LSES EMG activity of the 80% 1RM squat also exceeded the body weight squat, deadlift, superman, and sidebridge by 56, 56.6, 65.5, and 53.1%, respectively. The 80% 1RM deadlift ULES EMG activity significantly exceeded the 80% 1RM squat exercise by 12.9%. In addition, the 80% 1RM deadlift ULES EMG activity also exceeded the body weight squat, deadlift, superman, and sidebridge exercises by 66.7, 65.5, 69.3, and 68.6%, respectively. There were no significant changes in EO or LA activity. Therefore, the augmented activity of the LSES and ULES during 80% 1RM squat and deadlift resistance exercises exceeded the activation levels achieved with the same exercises performed with body weight and selected instability exercises. Individuals performing upright, resisted, dynamic exercises can achieve high trunk muscle activation and thus may not need to add instability device exercises to augment core stability training.
Detection of daytime sprites via a unique sprite ELF signature

On August 14, 1998, 3 separate daytime sprite events were detected via a unique extremely low frequency (ELF) sprite signature. The onset of the sprite ELF signatures was delayed by 11.0–13.2 ms from positive cloud‐to‐ground strokes which had attained exceptionally large charge moment (charge times height) changes of 3900–6100 C·km. It is shown that a charge moment change of 6100 C·km may have been sufficient for conventional breakdown at ≃54 km altitude, assuming an experimentally measured ion conductivity profile of Holzworth et al., [1985]. The daytime sprites themselves contained unusually large charge moment changes of ≃2800 C·km, ≃1200 C·km, and ≃910 C·km.
Robust map optimization using dynamic covariance scaling

Developing the perfect SLAM front-end that produces graphs which are free of outliers is generally impossible due to perceptual aliasing. Therefore, optimization back-ends need to be able to deal with outliers resulting from an imperfect front-end. In this paper, we introduce dynamic covariance scaling, a novel approach for effective optimization of constraint networks under the presence of outliers. The key idea is to use a robust function that generalizes classical gating and dynamically rejects outliers without compromising convergence speed. We implemented and thoroughly evaluated our method on publicly available datasets. Compared to recently published state-of-the-art methods, we obtain a substantial speed up without increasing the number of variables in the optimization process. Our method can be easily integrated in almost any SLAM back-end.
“We had a constant battle”. The role of attachment status in counselling psychologists’ experiences of personal therapy: Some results from a mixed-methods study

There has been curiously little empirical investigation into the experiences of psychotherapeutic practitioners undertaking a mandatory training therapy. We present results from a qualitatively-driven mixed-methods study designed to explore the way in which counselling psychologists’ attachment status and levels of reflective function intersect with how they experience the therapeutic relationship within their personal therapy. Participants were interviewed twice: once using Main and Goldwyn's (1998) Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) to explore representations of early childhood relationships; and subsequently using a semi-structured interview format, analysed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), to explore experiences of personal therapy. Meshing results from both sets of data showed that insecurely-attached participants experienced their personal therapy differently from secure or earned-secure participants, and were more troubled by a perceived disparity of institutional and interpersonal power within the therapeutic relationship. Results are considered in terms of the power dynamics within training therapy. Implications for training and future research in this neglected field are briefly discussed.
Printing sub-micrometer lines based on electrohydrodynamics

Printing techniques develop rapidly especially in the areas of electronics and biotechnology in these decades. In this paper, first we describe the use of electrohydrodynamics for jet printing the lines with the sub-micrometer resolution. It also presents the complex pattern printed by electrohydrodynamics jet printing with the same resolution combined with the automatic control technology. In the second part, we research on the parameters which affect the width of the printed lines by a series of experiments. Such experiments focus on the effect of voltage and distance between the tip of the nozzle and the substrate, in addition, concentration of the printed solution and the inner diameter of the nozzle are also considered.
Dysregulation of arousal and amygdala-prefrontal systems in paranoid schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated impaired differentiation of limbic-prefrontal systems by autonomic arousal in schizophrenia. It was predicted that paranoid patients would be distinguished by a disjunction of hyperarousal but reduced amygdala and medial prefrontal activity relative to both healthy comparison subjects and patients with nonparanoid schizophrenia. METHOD Pictures depicting facial expressions of fear were presented to 27 schizophrenia patients (13 paranoid, 14 nonparanoid) and 22 matched healthy comparison subjects in an implicit perception task to evoke limbic activity. Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and skin conductance arousal recordings were acquired during presentation of faces expressing fear or neutral emotion. Responses to fear stimuli were further examined by contrasting those that were associated with a skin conductance response ("with arousal") and those that were not ("without arousal"). RESULTS In the comparison subjects, arousal dissociated amygdala/medial prefrontal ("visceral") networks and hippocampus/lateral prefrontal ("context") networks for fear perception. Excessive arousal responses were elicited in the schizophrenia subjects, but there was an associated reduction in amygdala/medial prefrontal activity. This disjunction was pronounced in paranoid patients relative to both healthy subjects and nonparanoid patients. Paranoid patients also showed a relatively greater prefrontal deficit for "without-arousal" responses. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to reveal a functional disconnection in autonomic and central systems for processing threat-related signals in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Paranoid cognition may reflect an internally generated cycle of misattribution regarding incoming fear signals due to a breakdown in the regulation of these systems.
AN INFERENCE-BASED POLICY GRADIENT METHOD

In the pursuit of increasingly intelligent learning systems, abstraction plays a vital role in enabling sophisticated decisions to be made in complex environments. The options framework provides formalism for such abstraction over sequences of decisions. However most models require that options be given a priori, presumably specified by hand, which is neither efficient, nor scalable. Indeed, it is preferable to learn options directly from interaction with the environment. Despite several efforts, this remains a difficult problem: many approaches require access to a model of the environmental dynamics, and inferred options are often not interpretable, which limits our ability to explain the system behavior for verification or debugging purposes. In this work we develop a novel policy gradient method for the automatic learning of policies with options. This algorithm uses inference methods to simultaneously improve all of the options available to an agent, and thus can be employed in an off-policy manner, without observing option labels. Experimental results show that the options learned are interpretable. Further, we find that the method presented here is more sample efficient than existing methods, leading to faster and more stable learning of policies with options.
Government without Statehood? Anthropological Perspectives on Governance and Sovereignty in the European Union

It has long been argued that the EU is creating a new kind of constitutional order in Europe, one variously hailed as 'transnational', 'supranational', even 'post-national'. Among the many theoretical descriptors used to capture the elusive character of the EU's unique political order are 'multi-level polity', 'civic tolerance', and 'governance without government'. Yet despite its success in developing the legal, economic, and institutional framework for this emerging polity, one key factor continues to undermine the project for European construction: the lack of a common culture or identity around which Europeans can unite. Drawing on anthropological research in Brussels, this article explores the implications of the EU's absent demos. It also outlines some of the strategies the European Commission has used to address this problem and resolve its democratic deficit. Taking up recent debates developed by a number of EU scholars, I highlight some of the contradictions and theoretical weaknesses with the concept of 'governance' in an EU context. Reversing Wallace's dictum about 'government without statehood', I ask whether EU governance might not, in fact, be better construed as 'statehood without government' and a new form of 'governmentality'.
From ‘inheritance’ to individualization: disembedding working-class youth transitions in post-Soviet Russia

Despite the impoverishment of prospects for those employed in the industrial and agricultural sectors in post-Soviet Russia, young people in vocational education colleges continue to be trained for ‘poor work’ in traditional large-scale enterprises. This article draws upon qualitative, case-study research in exploring young people's subjective orientations to a route to adulthood that is at once available and yet unviable, as well as their orientations to new forms of education and service sector employment. The article highlights the disjuncture which has emerged between the collectivist, class-based identities and modalities young people construct around transitions into initial vocational education and training (IVET) colleges and the individualized, choice-based narratives they use to describe experiences of later transitions into work. This shift from ‘inheritance’ to ‘individualization’ mirrors that among working-class youth elsewhere in the world, for whom the principal dimension of ‘reflexivity’ in the late-modern context has been the individualized attribution of blame for ‘wrong choices’.