Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social inequality and urban regeneration in Barcelona city centre: reconsidering success

Across some Southern European cities, urban renewal programmes are seen as the primary means of alleviating concentrations of poverty and social inequality by improving local living conditions. Over the long-term delivery phase, such area-based interventions are often confronted with unforeseen macro-scale urban dynamics related to mobility of people and capital. Since the mid-1980s, Barcelona’s municipality has introduced a series of urban renewal programmes – PERIs (Special Plans of Interior Reform) – to deal with deprived neighbourhoods of the city centre suffering from poor housing conditions, inadequate services and infrastructure, and decreasing population. Selective demolition (or esponjamiento) was a key mechanism to create new open spaces in the crowded city centre whilst building new housing stock to relocate families. Urban interventions ranged from large-scale demolition of entire blocks in the Raval neighbourhood to micro-scale demolitions in the Santa Caterina & Sant Pere neighbourhood. This paper seeks to evaluate and compare the social and urban effects of urban renewal programmes in the two neighbourhoods between 1985 and 2009. Longitudinal quantitative analysis is employed to isolate demographic, socio-economic and housing changes, consider the remarkable increase in foreign population unforeseen in the original programmes, and hint at changes in space consumption and housing affordability. Finally, questions on inequality and state-led gentrification are raised, whilst considering dynamics of social and spatial desegregation as well as population substitution and displacement.
Irritable bowel syndrome in Germany. A cost of illness study

Objectives When asked, between 10% and 15% of people in the Western world report symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome, and around 5% seek medical advice for these complaints. This should incur considerable costs. The present study was designed to give a cost estimate for the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome paid for by German statutory health insurance. Methods Fifty doctors working in private practice were randomly selected to each carry out personal interviews on four irritable bowel syndrome patients chosen from their own records (total 200 patients). Using a structured questionnaire, information regarding diagnostic procedures, drugs and other therapies, hospitalization and days off work were obtained from the case records. To calculate the total direct costs of the illness, all single cost elements such as physician services, medication and hospitalization were included. Results The number of office visits was nine per patient per year; nearly one-third of employed patients missed work for irritable bowel syndrome, and one out of 15 patients was hospitalized for this condition. Several technical procedures were ordered, mostly laboratory tests. Nearly all patients had at least one drug prescription for irritable bowel syndrome during the year of the survey, with a mean of 3.5 prescriptions per patient. The largest pharmacological groups were antispasmodics (29.2%) and prokinetics (8.9%). Total direct costs for one irritable bowel syndrome patient per year amounted to 1548 DEM (791.48 &OV0556;), comprising roughly 25% for physician visits and tests, 50% for drugs and 25% for hospitalization. Including indirect costs for sick leave, total costs were 1946 DEM (994.97 &OV0556;) per patient per year. Conclusions The costs incurred by irritable bowel syndrome are considerable.
Cell migration from the corticostriatal angle to the basal telencephalon in rat embryos

Lateral cortical stream (LCS) has been described as a flow of cell migration found in the lateral cortex of the embryonic telencephalon of mammals. The destinations of the cell migration were reported as the ventrolateral neocortex, the pyriform cortex, endopyriform nucleus and the claustrum. At the same time, however, other destinations of LCS have been suggested in the ventral telencephalon. Therefore, we investigated the additional destinations of the LCS using a combination of several molecular biological techniques. Using an expression vector of modified green fluorescent protein (GFP) introduced into the ventricular zone (VZ) around the corticostriatal angle, both tangential and radial cell migration was revealed in the LCS. The radial cell migration in the LCS supplied cells to the ventro-lateral neocortex, pyriform cortex and to the level of the lateral olfactory tract. In the second experiment, we injected COS-1 cells transfected with a Sema3A expression vector into one side of the neocortex. The cell supply to the destination of the LCS ceased due to the formation of a large necrosis in the LCS, which was triggered by the Sema3A–COS cell injection, and the dense cell layer in the olfactory tubercle shrunk on the side where COS cells were injected. These data indicated that the majority of neurons in the dense cell layer of the olfactory tubercle reached this point through the LCS. One of the origins of the cells in the LCS would be in the corticostriatal angle.
Phylogeny of the Telencephalic Subventricular Zone in Sauropsids: Evidence for the Sequential Evolution of Pallial and Subpallial Subventricular Zones

The telencephalon of birds and placental mammals harbors a proliferative subventricular zone (SVZ) in the subpallium as well as the pallium. Turtles, which are phylogenetically intermediate between bird, and mammals, exhibit at best a rudimentary SVZ. This suggests that SVZs evolved independently in mammals and birds, but it is not clear whether subpallial and pallial SVZs evolved with the origin of birds or in some earlier, non-avian sauropsid ancestor. To answer this question, we examined the brains of embryonic alligators (Ferguson stages 15–22) because crocodilians are the closest extant sister group to birds. To visualize the SVZ we labeled mitotic cells with antibodies against phosphorylated histone-3 (pH3) and proliferating cells with antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We found that the telencephalon of alligators contains an SVZ only in the subpallium. Because turtles, lizards and amphibians seem to lack SVZs, our finding suggests that a subpallial SVZ evolved in the last common ancestor of birds and crocodilians. Given that placental mammals and birds, but not marsupial mammals or reptiles, possess an SVZ within their pallium, we conclude that a pallial SVZ probably evolved independently in birds and placental mammals.
Migrating against all the odds: International labour migration of Bangladeshi women

Of all temporary unskilled migrant workers who originated from Bangladesh in 2010, women accounted for less than 3%. This extremely low proportion of women results from the numerous sociocultural, religious and political barriers women labour migrants encounter. Based on 23 in-depth interviews collected in 2009 in Bangladesh with former migrant domestic workers who worked in the Gulf region, the article argues that women actively negotiate these barriers prior to going abroad and upon return. Using a micro-sociological perspective of gender and family relations, the article shows that, depending on women’s family situation and relationships, they were more or less at risk of suffering stigma in the pre-departure and return stages of temporary labour migration. The article builds on a solid body of research that examines how international labour migration challenges the global and local patriarchal gender order. The findings show how international migration of women may unsettle the patriarchal gender order, but can also serve to further subordinate women after they return home.
Anxiety and Depression among Breast Cancer Patients in an Urban Setting in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most feared diseases among women and it could induce the development of psychological disorders like anxiety and depression. An assessment was here performed of the status and to determine contributory factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among breast cancer patients at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur. A total of 205 patients who were diagnosed between 2007 until 2010 were interviewed using the questionnaires of Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS). The associated factors investigated concerned socio-demographics, socio economic background and the cancer status. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used for the statistical test analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety was 31.7% (n=65 ) and of depression was 22.0% (n=45) among the breast cancer patients. Age group (p= 0.032), monthly income (p=0.015) and number of visits per month (p=0.007) were significantly associated with anxiety. For depression, marital status (p=0.012), accompanying person (p=0.041), financial support (p-0.007) and felt burden (p=0.038) were significantly associated. In binary logistic regression, those in the younger age group were low monthly income were 2 times more likely to be associated with anxiety. Having less financial support and being single were 3 and 4 times more likely to be associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS In management of breast cancer patients, more care or support should be given to the young and low socio economic status as they are at high risk of anxiety and depression.
Regional Differences in Time to Pregnancy Among Fertile Women from Five Colombian Regions with Different use of Glyphosate

The objective of this study was to test whether there was an association between the use of glyphosate when applied by aerial spray for the eradication of illicit crops (cocaine and poppy) and time to pregnancy (TTP) among fertile women. A retrospective cohort study (with an ecological exposure index) of first pregnancies was undertaken in 2592 fertile Colombian women from 5 regions with different uses of glyphosate. Women were interviewed regarding potential reproductive, lifestyle, and work history predictors of TTP, which was measured in months. Fecundability odds ratios (fOR) were estimated using a discrete time analogue of Cox's proportional hazard model. There were differences in TTP between regions. In the final multivariate model, the main predictor was the region adjusted by irregular relationship with partner, maternal age at first pregnancy, and, marginally, coffee consumption and self-perception of water pollution. Boyacá, a region with traditional crops and. recently, illicit crops without glyphosate eradication spraying (manual eradication), displayed minimal risk and was the reference region. Other regions, including Sierra Nevada (control area, organic agriculture), Putumayo and Nariño (illicit crops and intensive eradication spray program), and Valle del Cauca, demonstrated greater risk of longer TTP, with the highest risk for Valle del Cauca (fOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.12, 0.18), a sugar-cane region with a history of use of glyphosate and others chemicals for more than 30 yr. The reduced fecundability in some regions was not associated with the use of glyphosate for eradication spraying. The observed ecological differences remain unexplained and may be produced by varying exposures to environmental factors, history of contraceptive programs in the region, or psychological distress. Future studies examining these or other possible causes are needed.
The structural characterization of a prophage-encoded extracellular DNase from Streptococcus pyogenes

The pathogenic bacterium Group A Streptococcus pyogenes produces several extracellular DNases that have been shown to facilitate invasive infection by evading the human host immune system. DNases degrade the chromatin in neutrophil extracellular traps, enabling the bacterium to evade neutrophil capture. Spd1 is a type I, nonspecific ββα/metal-dependent nuclease from Streptococcus pyogenes, which is encoded by the SF370.1 prophage and is likely to be expressed as a result of prophage induction. We present here the X-ray structure of this DNase in the wild-type and Asn145Ala mutant form. Through structural and sequence alignments as well as mutagenesis studies, we have identified the key residues His121, Asn145 and Glu164, which are crucial for Spd1 nucleolytic activity and shown the active site constellation. Our wild-type structure alludes to the possibility of a catalytically blocked dimeric form of the protein. We have investigated the multimeric nature of Spd1 using size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALLS) in the presence and absence of the divalent metal ion Mg2+, which suggests that Spd1 exists in a monomeric form in solution.
ACQUISITION OF TURKISH BY IMMIGRANT CHILDREN: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY OF TURKISH CHILDREN IN THE NETHERLANDS AGED 4 TO 6 . Hendrik E. Boeschoten. Weisbaden: Harrassowitz, 1990. Pp. vii + 161.

talk about French reality, especially when both interlocutors are native speakers of English, is building the risk of prejudice into the very discourse of the conversation. The authors' ideal model of culture teaching poses a similar problem. Using the students' native language to teach both "language awareness" and "cultural awareness" exacerbates the split between the acquisition of language skills and their use in discourse. A truly critical pedagogy of culture cannot come about without a view of language as discourse. Culture is a language-mediated social reality, constructed by and reflected in the very language we use. These two volumes are a timely reminder of the enrichment that social sciences and cultural studies can bring to the teaching of foreign languages, but they should also serve as a warning against the danger of letting applied linguistics be replaced by cultural studies as the mentor discipline for language teachers. If language teachers are to remain language teachers, they need insights from discourse linguistics to help them find ways of teaching language through culture and culture through language.
The Importance of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Shaping Turnover Intent

Employee turnover can have devastating effects on correctional facilities. Excessive turnover wastes recruiting and training dollars. In addition, high turnover rates may also directly affect the security of the institution as well as the safety of both staff and inmates. Thus this study surveyed correctional staff at a maximum security private prison to examine the impact of the work environment, personal characteristics, external employment opportunities, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on turnover intent. The results of the multivariate ordinary least squares regression equations generally supported the proposed path model, and indicated age, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment directly influence turnover intent, whereas gender, job satisfaction, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, input into decision making, and organizational fairness indirectly affected employees' decisions to leave the job.
A common garden design reveals population‐specific variability in potential impacts of hybridization between populations of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Released individuals can have negative impacts on native populations through various mechanisms, including competition, disease transfer and introduction of maladapted gene complexes. Previous studies indicate that the level of farmed Atlantic salmon introgression in native populations is population specific. However, few studies have explored the potential role of population diversity or river characteristics, such as temperature, on the consequences of hybridization. We compared freshwater growth of multiple families derived from two farmed, five wild and two F1 hybrid salmon populations at three contrasting temperatures (7°C, 12°C and 16°C) in a common garden experiment. As expected, farmed salmon outgrew wild salmon at all temperatures, with hybrids displaying intermediate growth. However, differences in growth were population specific and some wild populations performed better than others relative to the hybrid and farmed populations at certain temperatures. Therefore, the competitive balance between farmed and wild salmon may depend both on the thermal profile of the river and on the genetic characteristics of the respective farmed and wild strains. While limited to F1 hybridization, this study shows the merits in adopting a more complex spatially resolved approach to risk management of local populations.
Rage Dyscontrol: Part 2 Approaches to Treatment with Special Reference to Traumatic Brain Injury

Rage dyscontrol, described and defined in Part 1 of this article (this issue), presents health care professionals with difficult and invariably urgent treatment problems, since rage outbursts disproportionate to the provocation are corrosive of relationships and readily lead to institutionalization. The manifestations of dyscontrol after traumatic brain injury are described in the light of case studies, and its precipitating organic and dynamic factors reviewed. Prerequisites for effective psychotherapy with dyscontrolled clients are defined, and a variety of treatment approaches described. Finally, the medicative control of rage is considered.
The role of ancillary tests in the evaluation and management of patients with negative and non‐diagnostic pancreatic cyst aspirates

Fine needle aspiration of pancreatic cystic lesions has its limitations as the cytology is often paucicellular to acellular. This study reports on the value of ancillary tests, amylase and carcinoembryonic, in the evaluation and management of patients with negative and non‐diagnostic pancreatic cysts.
Prolonged decay of molecular rate estimates for metazoan mitochondrial DNA

Evolutionary timescales can be estimated from genetic data using the molecular clock, often calibrated by fossil or geological evidence. However, estimates of molecular rates in mitochondrial DNA appear to scale negatively with the age of the clock calibration. Although such a pattern has been observed in a limited range of data sets, it has not been studied on a large scale in metazoans. In addition, there is uncertainty over the temporal extent of the time-dependent pattern in rate estimates. Here we present a meta-analysis of 239 rate estimates from metazoans, representing a range of timescales and taxonomic groups. We found evidence of time-dependent rates in both coding and non-coding mitochondrial markers, in every group of animals that we studied. The negative relationship between the estimated rate and time persisted across a much wider range of calibration times than previously suggested. This indicates that, over long time frames, purifying selection gives way to mutational saturation as the main driver of time-dependent biases in rate estimates. The results of our study stress the importance of accounting for time-dependent biases in estimating mitochondrial rates regardless of the timescale over which they are inferred.
Cost and robotic surgery in gynecology

Since the introduction of robotic technology, there have been significant changes to the field of gynecology. The number of minimally invasive procedures has drastically increased, with robotic procedures rising remarkably. To date several authors have published cost analyses demonstrating that robotic hysterectomy for benign and oncologic indications is more costly compared to the laparoscopic approach. Despite being more expensive than laparoscopy, other studies have found robotics to be less expensive and more effective than laparotomy. In this review, controversies surrounding cost‐effectiveness studies are explored.
Structural dimensions of object pictures: Organization and relation to object decision and naming

The present paper evaluated the nature of the organization of 22 structural measures of object pictures from the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) picture set (Study 1), and their contribution to object decision and to object naming latencies (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 employed a principal components analysis and provided evidence of four underlying components: “Object parts”, “internal details”, “object contours”, and “variability of the representation”. Study 2 examined the contribution of these components to object decision and object naming and highlighted variability of the representation and internal details as the most relevant indexes of structural similarity. Study 3 investigated the interactions between these structural components and lexical frequency. Main results showed an interaction effect between variability of the representation and lexical frequency and other effects associated to internal details. Implications for the concept of structural similarity and for object recognition are discussed from a continuous and cascade processing perspective.
Foreign Culture Awareness Needs of Saudi English Language Majors at Buraydah Community College

Although many EFL learners have a command of internalized foreign language knowledge, they may have difficulty using this knowledge in different contexts. This is due to many interacting factors affecting their performance, mainly lack of target culture awareness. This study intended to identify the cultural aspects suitable to be integrated into the Saudi EFL classrooms, search for the sources upon which students get their knowledge of the target culture and examine their attitudes towards it. The study was administered to three main categories of subjects: students, teachers, and experts in the field of teaching EFL. The required data were collected using a Culture-awareness Diagnostic Test and a Culture-Awareness Needs Assessment Questionnaire. The results revealed the students’ need to learn about different aspects of foreign culture to develop their culture-awareness and that they depend mostly on audio-/visual media to learn about the target culture. The findings also showed that students possess positive attitudes toward the target culture and its people. Introducing authentic materials such as DVDs, video tapes, newspapers in the foreign language classroom was highly recommended for enhancing culture awareness and improving language proficiency. Therefore, the current research suggested modifying the entire EFL education programs to introduce culture in the foreign language classroom.
Psychostimulant-Induced Behavior as an Animal Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Ethological Approach to the Form of Compulsive Rituals

Abstract Rats treated chronically with the D2/D3, dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole show a pattern of behavior that meets a set of ethologically derived criteria of compulsive behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Moreover, in both quinpirole-treated rats and OCD patients, the structure of compulsive rituals appear similar in being composed of relatively few motor acts that are organized in a flexible yet recurrent manner. In addition, the development of compulsive behavior in quinpirole-treated rats is attenuated by the OCD pharmacotherapeutic drug clomipramine. These similarities support the validity of quinpirole-treated rats as a psychostimulant-induced animal model of OCD. Considering that the induction of compulsive behavior in the rat model involves chronic hyperstimulation of dopamine receptors, this raises the possibility that dopaminergic mechanisms may play a role in OCD, at least in some subtypes of this disorder.
From Measuring Clouds to Active Listening

This article describes an action research case study based on a UK boat-building company that was in serious difficulty, with the managers ‘stuck’ as to what was their best course of action. The application of traditional strategic management approaches to this case was inappropriate, so another method was developed in order to liberate the managers from their inaction. The outcome was the formulation of a successful strategy that was effectively implemented. The managers agreed that the method was useful for resolving their predicament and it may be relevant in other cases where traditional strategic management is either not suitable or is rejected by practitioners.