Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early preschool predictors of preadolescent internalizing and externalizing DSM-IV diagnoses.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the independent predictive value of parent-reported psychopathology and family risk factors in early preschool in relation to parent-reported internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in preadolescence. METHOD Subjects were participants in a longitudinal study of 420 two- to three-year-olds from the general population of Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands, which started in 1989. At a second follow-up 8 years later (ages 10-11 years), 358 children participated. For this study, 332 children were included for whom DSM-IV diagnoses (derived from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version 4-Parent Version) were obtained at age 10 to 11 years. Preschool risk factors were obtained through the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 2 to 3 years and a parent interview. RESULTS Early preschool internalizing and externalizing problems were predictive of their DSM-IV counterparts 8 years later, independent of the influence of early parent-reported family risk factors. Preschool child physical problems were independently predictive of both internalizing and externalizing diagnoses in preadolescence. Of the environmental risk factors, only stressful life events contributed independently to the prediction of later externalizing problems. CONCLUSION Early adverse family circumstances and parenting characteristics do not contribute to the prediction of later psychopathology once child characteristics are accounted for.
Performance Analysis of the Periodogram-Based Energy Detector in Fading Channels

In this paper, we provide a performance analysis of cognitive radio systems employing energy detection based on power spectral density estimation. Specifically, we derive mathematical expressions for the probabilities of false alarm and missed detection when the periodogram estimate is used as a decision statistic. First, using the characteristic function of the quadratic form representation of the periodogram, we study the characteristics of the product of the sample covariance matrix of the observed vector and the symmetric matrix of the quadratic form. We have found that this product is Rank-1 with one non-zero eigenvalue and therefore a simplified expression for the cumulative density function (CDF) is obtained. Second, the CDF is exploited to derive accurate mathematical expressions for the probabilities of false alarm and missed detection in both Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. Also, for each case, we have derived the probability distribution function (PDF) of the corresponding eigenvalues. The results demonstrate that the probabilities of false alarm and missed detection are independent of the length of the observations when all the other parameters remain fixed. The results also reveal that the considered frequency-domain based energy detector is superior to its conventional time-domain counterpart as it provides fewer false alarms.
Europeanisation as a Discourse: Domestic Policy Legitimisation through the Articulation of a ‘Need for Adaptation’

This article explores how and why domestic policies and political systems of European nation-states are being changed due to the articulation of a ‘need’ for adaptation to the policies of the European Union (EU). Domestic policy changes are legitimised with reference to the conception of the inevitability of European integration. Under certain circumstances Europeanisation processes occur even in areas where we find neither ‘de jure’ nor ‘de facto’ needs for harmonisation with EC/EU policy. Non-EU-induced ‘adaptation to the EU’ is thus claimed to be an underestimated dynamic of Europeanisation. The article analyses processes of construction and communication of policy change proposals leading to Europeanisation and domestic institutional change. It presents a case study analysis of the processes leading to the 1993 tax reform in Denmark, as well as the processes leading to the 1997 reform of Danish competition legislation. In both cases major changes to policies and institutions were initiated and to a large extent legitimised with reference to a ‘need’ for adaptation to the Internal Market. The necessity for actual harmonisation was and is still questionable.
U.S. Monetary Policy Surprises and Emerging Markets Sovereign Spreads

The importance of U.S. monetary policy surprises in explaining movements in emerging markets’ sovereign spreads is explored using a monthly unbalanced panel data for 17 countries for 1998-2006. The unanticipated component of the U.S. monetary policy is extracted by using changes in the Federal funds futures rates for various maturities immediately before and after the FOMC meetings. Credit ratings data of each of the 17 countries are used to control for country speciflc fundamentals in estimations. The time series properties of the data receive special emphasis and panel unit root tests are used for checking order of integration of variables. Since the unanticipated component of the U.S. monetary policy is stationary by construction, the nonstationary series are difierenced and rendered stationary prior to flxed efiects panel estimations. The flndings indicate that it is the unanticipated component and not the anticipated component of the U.S. monetary policy that is signiflcant in explaining the movements in the emerging markets’ sovereign bond spreads.
Tailored Therapy Versus Empiric Chosen Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Eradication

AbstractAlthough various regimens are empirically accepted for Helicobacter pylori eradication, the efficacy might be declined by multiple individual factors. The necessity of a personalized eradication therapy still remains controversial. The aim of the study was to compare tailored therapy with empiric chosen regimens.Databases of PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched for eligible studies, published up to October 2015. All relevant controlled clinical trials were included. A random-effect model was applied to compare pooled relative risk (RR) with related 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Thirteen controlled clinical trials integrating 3512 participants were assessed. Overall, the pooled eradication rates of tailored groups were higher than those of empiric ones (intention-to-treat: RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.22; preprotocol: RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.21). In subgroup analysis, tailored therapy was superior to 7-day standard triple therapy (RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.16–1.29) and bismuth-quadruple therapy (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.22) on eradication rates; first-line tailored therapy achieved higher eradication rates than first-line empirical regimens (pooled RR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.14–1.22), whereas tailored rescue regimen showed no difference with empirical ones (pooled RR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.96–1.39). Moreover, among different tailored designs, susceptibility-guided tailored therapy obtained higher eradication rates than empiric groups, independent of CYP2C19 genotype detection (with CYP: RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.23; without CYP: RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.28). Both molecular test-based and culture-based tailored groups were better on eradication rates than empiric groups (molecular: RR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.35; culture: RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.20). Compared with empiric chosen treatments, tailored therapy is a better alternative for H pylori eradication.
Profit-seeking Punishment Corrupts Norm Obedience Profit-seeking Punishment Corrupts Norm Obedience

Punishment typically involves depriving violators of resources they own such as money or labor. These resources can become revenue for authorities and thus motivate profitseeking punishment. In this paper, we design a novel experiment to provide direct evidence on the role punishment plays in communicating norms. More importantly, we provide experimental evidence indicating that if people know that enforcers can benefit monetarily by punishing, they no longer view punishment as signaling a norm violation. The result is a substantial degradation of punishment’s ability to influence behavior. Our findings draw attention to the detrimental effect of profit-seeking punishment enforcement on the efficacy of punishment. JEL classification: C91; C72; D82; D03
Testing Stem Cell Therapy in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor in Mucosal Regeneration

Background The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal cells turnover regularly under physiological conditions, which may be stimulated in various pathological situations including inflammation. Local epithelial stem cells appear to play a major role in such mucosal renewal or pathological regeneration. Less is clear about the involvement of multipotent stem cells from blood in GI repair. We attempted to explore a role of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and soluble stem cell factor (SCF) in GI mucosa regeneration in a rat model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Methods BMMSCs labelled with the fluorescent dye PKH26 from donor rats were transfused into rats suffering indomethacin-induced GI injury. Experimental effects by BMMSCs transplant and SCF were determined by morphometry of intestinal mucosa, double labeling of PKH26 positive BMMSCs with endogenous proliferative and intestinal cell markers, and western blot and PCR analyses of the above molecular markers in the recipient rats relative to controls. Results PKH26 positive BMMSCs were found in the recipient mucosa, partially colocalizing with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Lgr5, Musashi-1 and ephrin-B3. mRNA and protein levels of PCNA, Lgr5, Musashi-1 and ephrin-B3 were elevated in the intestine in BMMSCs-treated rats, most prominent in the BMMSCs-SCF co-treatment group. The mucosal layer and the crypt layer of the small intestine were thicker in BMMSCs-treated rats, more evident in the BMMSCs-SCF co-treatment group. Conclusion BMMSCs and SCF participate in but may play a synergistic role in mucosal cell regeneration following experimentally induced intestinal injury. Bone marrow stem cell therapy and SCF administration may be of therapeutic value in IBD.
Towards an actor-oriented approach to social exclusion: a critical review of contemporary exclusion research in a Swedish social work context

ABSTRACT Social exclusion has emerged as a key concept within Swedish social work research during the last decade. Yet, despite the plethora of conceptualisations put forward there is a dearth of critical discussion on potential pitfalls and limitations following this fragmentation. This article investigates the deployment of social exclusion in national social work research during the period 1999–2016. Three separate but linked research strands are identified: (1) a policy-absorbed approach, characterised by conceptual and analytical closeness to the Swedish policy discourse on exclusion, (2) a diluted approach, characterised by conceptual confusion and conflation and (3) an autonomous approach, distinguished by its conceptual and analytical distance from the official policy discourse on exclusion. Based on presented findings, we argue that there is need for an actor-oriented approach to social exclusion within social work research. We conclude with proposing a multi-level analytical framework that involves studying the sequence of events leading up to people being denied access to social, economic, material, cultural and/or political resources.
Feedback Capacity of the Gaussian Interference Channel to Within 1.7075 Bits: the Symmetric Case

We characterize the symmetric capacity to within 1.7075 bits/s/Hz for the two-user Gaussian interference channel with feedback. The result makes use of a deterministic model to provide insights into the Gaussian channel. We derive a new outer bound to show that a proposed achievable scheme can achieve the symmetric capacity to within 1.7075 bits for all channel parameters. From this result, we show that feedback provides unbounded gain, i.e., the gain becomes arbitrarily large for certain c hannel parameters. It is a surprising result because feedback has b een so far known to provide only power gain (bounded gain) in the context of multiple access channels and broadcast channels.
Can Studying Adolescents’ Thinking Amplify High-Leverage Social Studies Teaching Practice? Challenges of Synthesizing Pedagogies of Investigation and Enactment in School–Institutional Contexts

Abstract The notion that teacher education should emphasize high-leverage practice, which is research based, represents the complexity of the subject matter, bolsters teachers’ understanding of student learning, is adaptable to different curricular circumstances, and can be mastered with regular use, has traction in scholarship. Nevertheless, how teacher educators might support high-leverage practice concurrently within programs and school institutions remains an open question. We suggest that investigating adolescents’ thinking about complex historical concepts and conflicting evidence can amplify high-leverage social studies teaching practice by defining its criteria and strengthening some key representations, like eliciting students’ ideas about the subject matter and scaffolding analytical reading. Yet school–institutional factors that devalue systematic investigation of students’ thinking as a way to impact instruction may impede this amplification. Using activity theory, we discuss the implications of our findings for promoting ambitious pedagogy through social studies teacher education amidst constraining school climates.
Symmetry breaking cilia-driven flow in the zebrafish embryo

Abstract Fluid mechanics plays a vital role in early vertebrate embryo development, an example being the establishment of left–right asymmetry. Following the dorsal–ventral and anterior–posterior axes, the left–right axis is the last to be established; in several species it has been shown that an important process involved with this is the production of a left–right asymmetric flow driven by ‘whirling’ cilia. It has previously been established in experimental and mathematical models of the mouse ventral node that the combination of a consistent rotational direction and posterior tilt creates left–right asymmetric flow. The zebrafish organizing structure, Kupffer’s vesicle, has a more complex internal arrangement of cilia than the mouse ventral node; experimental studies show that the flow exhibits an anticlockwise rotational motion when viewing the embryo from the dorsal roof, looking in the ventral direction. Reports of the arrangement and configuration of cilia suggest two possible mechanisms for the generation of this flow from existing axis information: (a) posterior tilt combined with increased cilia density on the dorsal roof; and (b) dorsal tilt of ‘equatorial’ cilia. We develop a mathematical model of symmetry breaking cilia-driven flow in Kupffer’s vesicle using the regularized Stokeslet boundary element method. Computations of the flow produced by tilted whirling cilia in an enclosed domain suggest that a possible mechanism capable of producing the flow field with qualitative and quantitative features closest to those observed experimentally is a combination of posteriorly tilted roof and floor cilia, and dorsally tilted equatorial cilia.
Next-generation sequencing still needs our generation's clinicians

The full arrival and broader availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) is transforming the practice of medicine, including neurology. Compared with the traditional one-gene-at-a-time Sanger sequencing, NGS, or massively parallel sequencing, is a radically different approach to genetic sequencing. NGS allows for a large number of genes to be captured and sequenced in parallel, creating an enormous amount of data in a relatively short period of time at much lower cost “per gene. ”
Image versus feature mosaicing: a case study in fingerprints

Fingerprint mosaicing entails the reconciliation of information presented by two or more impressions of a finger in order to generate composite information. It can be accomplished by blending these impressions into a single mosaic, or by integrating the feature sets (viz., minutiae information) pertaining to these impressions. In this work, we use Thin-plate Splines (TPS) to model the relative transformation between two impressions of a finger thereby accounting for the non-linear distortion present between them. The estimated deformation is used (a) to register the two images and blend them into a single entity before extracting minutiae from the resulting mosaic (image mosaicing); and (b) to register the minutiae point sets corresponding to the two images and integrate them into a single master minutiae set (feature mosaicing). Experiments conducted on the FVC 2002 DB1 database indicate that both mosaicing schemes result in improved matching performance although feature mosaicing is observed to outperform image mosaicing.
The effect of surface roughness on direct wafer bonding

A theory is presented which describes the initial direct wafer bonding process. The effect of surface microroughness on the bondability is studied on the basis of the theory of contact and adhesion of elastic solids. An effective bonding energy, the maximum of which is the specific surface energy of adhesion, is proposed to describe the real binding energy of the bonding interface, including the influence of the wafer surface microroughness. Both the effective bonding energy and the real area of contact between rough surfaces depend on a dimensionless surface adhesion parameter, theta. Using the adhesion parameter as a measure, three kinds of wafer contact interfaces can be identified with respect to their bondability; viz. the nonbonding regime (theta > 12), the bonding regime (theta < 1), and the adherence regime (1 < theta < 12). Experimental data are in reasonable agreement with this theory
The relation of axial length and intraocular pressure fluctuations in human eyes.

PURPOSE To determine in human eyes whether diurnal fluctuations in axial length are related to fluctuations in intraocular pressure (IOP) by studying these fluctuations in both eyes of individual subjects and by assessing the regularity of both rhythms on two separate study days. METHODS Ten subjects, ages 18 to 24 years, underwent serial axial length and IOP measurements using highly precise, noncontact partial coherence interferometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry, respectively. Both eyes were measured at six 3-hour intervals during each of two study days, and significant fluctuations were modeled by sine curves. RESULTS Of the 40 data sets, 29 had significant axial length high-low differences and 32 had significant IOP high-low differences (ANOVA, P < 0.05 for each). The magnitude of the significant high-low differences were 38 +/- 22 microm for axial length and 6.0 +/- 1.9 mm Hg for IOP (mean +/- SD). Neither axial length nor IOP fluctuations necessarily occurred bilaterally on the same day, and neither rhythm was regularly observed on two separate days in individual eyes. In eyes in which both parameters fluctuated on the same day, there were no correlations in the amplitude, period or phase of the two rhythms. CONCLUSIONS Both axial length and IOP fluctuate during the day much of the time in most subjects. However, diurnal IOP fluctuations do not appear to cause diurnal axial length fluctuations.
DEFINING THE INTEGERS IN EXPANSIONS OF THE REAL FIELD BY A CLOSED DISCRETE SET

Let D ⊆ R be closed and discrete and f : Dn → R be such that f(Dn) is somewhere dense. We show that (R, +, ·, f) defines Z. As an application, we get that for every α, β ∈ R with log α (β) / ∈ Q, the real field expanded by the two cyclic multiplicative subgroups generated by α and β defines Z.
Functional Outcomes and Efficiency of Rehabilitation in a National Cohort of Patients with Guillain - Barré Syndrome and Other Inflammatory Polyneuropathies

Objectives To describe functional outcomes, care needs and cost-efficiency of hospital rehabilitation for a UK cohort of inpatients with complex rehabilitation needs arising from inflammatory polyneuropathies. Subjects and Setting 186 patients consecutively admitted to specialist neurorehabilitation centres in England with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (n = 118 (63.4%)) or other inflammatory polyneuropathies, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (n = 15 (8.1%) or critical illness neuropathy (n = 32 (17.2%)). Methods Cohort analysis of data from the UK Rehabilitation Outcomes Collaborative national clinical dataset. Outcome measures include the UK Functional Assessment Measure, Northwick Park Dependency Score (NPDS) and Care Needs Assessment (NPCNA). Patients were analysed in three groups of dependency based on their admission NPDS score: ‘low’ (NPDS<10), ‘medium’ (NPDS 10–24) and ‘high’ (NPDS ≥25). Cost-efficiency was measured as the time taken to offset the cost of rehabilitation by savings in NPCNA-estimated costs of on-going care in the community. Results The mean rehabilitation length of stay was 72.2 (sd = 66.6) days. Significant differences were seen between the diagnostic groups on admission, but all showed significant improvements between admission and discharge, in both motor and cognitive function (p<0.0001). Patients who were highly dependent on admission had the longest lengths of stay (mean 97.0 (SD 79.0) days), but also showed the greatest reduction in on-going care costs (£1049 per week (SD £994)), so that overall they were the most cost-efficient to treat. Conclusions Patients with polyneuropathies have both physical and cognitive disabilities that are amenable to change with rehabilitation, resulting in significant reduction in on-going care-costs, especially for highly dependent patients.
Coping with transphobia in employment: Strategies used by transgender and gender-diverse people in the United States

ABSTRACT Background: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals face stigma in the general public and in the workplace. Research has suggested that TGD individuals may demonstrate unique coping strategies in the workplace in order to manage transphobia in that setting; however, further research is needed to identify the specific strategies that transgender individuals use to deal with transphobia at work. Method: The present qualitative study utilized the grounded theory methodology to identify the specific coping strategies utilized to deal with transphobia at work. Participants included 45 TGD participants from the northeastern United States. Results: The results of the study include the identification of eight coping-strategy themes including gender-presentation strategies, gender detachment, relationship navigating, resource utilization, job-performance strategies, maladaptive coping strategies, structural strategies, and power-acquisition strategies. Conclusions: Implications of the present study suggest the resilience and diverse coping strategies that mental health providers can help TGD workers draw from in dealing with transphobia at work. In addition, there is a need for greater remediation and prevention of employment-related transphobia, including leadership within employment settings, greater legal protections, and enforcement of these laws in the United States.