Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viral Alteration of Cellular Translational Machinery Increases Defective Ribosomal Products

ABSTRACT Here we show that cells expressing genes inserted into Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors generate a large fraction of defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) due to frequent initiation on downstream Met residues. In monopolizing the host cell translational machinery, SFV reduces levels of translation eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), diminishes phosphorylation of ribosome subunit S6, and phosphorylates translation initiation factor eIF2α. We show that the last event is required for SFV mistranslation of inserted genes. Downstream initiation is suppressed by fusing inserted genes with the open reading frame encoding the SFV capsid, demonstrating that one function of the capsid element is to enable ribosomes to initiate translation in the proper location. These results show that in modifying translation, viral vectors can unpredictably increase the generation of truncated polypeptides and thereby the DRiP fraction of inserted gene products, which can potentially affect their yield, therapeutic efficacy, and immunogenicity.
The attitude change of second-grade peer tutors working with students with severe disabilities through Laban's movement analysis

The attitudes of peers toward students with disabilities are important when developing successful inclusion programs (Rosenbaum, Armstrong, & King, 1986; Slininger, Sherrill, & Jankowski, 2000). The Contact Theory proposed that interaction with students with disabilities could produce a change in the attitudes of non-disabled peers (Slininger et al., 2000; Tripp, French, & Sherrill, 1995). Previous research found that direct contact within a structured context had positive benefits on the attitudes of peers (Esposito & Reed, 1986; Slininger et al., 2000; Tripp et al., 1995). However, the research is not clear about when attitudes begin to change and what types of programs cause the most change. The purpose of this study was to examine the change in attitudes of second-grade students as they interacted with students with disabilities through a movement program based on the Laban Movement Analysis. Second-grade students (n=69) took a pretest and posttest on the Acceptance Scale (Voeltz, 1980), an attitude measure for lower elementary students. The treatment group (n=35) participated in an eight week peer tutoring program based on the Laban Analysis with students with severe disabilities during physical education classes. The control group (n=34) participated in physical education classes as normal. The results indicated that students who participated 7 in the peer tutoring program had a higher mean acceptance score than students who received no intervention (p = .150). In addition, students in the treatment group showed a strong trend toward a positive change in attitude from the pretest to the posttest (p = .051). While results were not statistically significant, a strong positive trend suggested that the peer tutoring program caused improvements in the attitude scores of students in the treatment group. Future research should investigate the benefits of using the Laban Analysis in peer tutoring programs. More research should also be conducted with students who are younger than age nine.
Pulling Structured Inequality into Higher Education: the Impact of Part‐Time Working on English University Students

This paper explores the social and academic effects of term-time working on undergraduate students at an English university. Data initially collected via a survey of student social relationships were enhanced by the inclusion of end-of-year academic performance. Various inferential statistical techniques were used to identify these effects. Path analysis was employed to disentangle significant variables and to show that term-time working had direct and significant effects on the two factors shown to be affected most significantly by term-time working: end-of-year average grade and participation in university societies. A major finding was that almost all students who worked came from state schools rather than from independent privately financed schools. The findings are discussed within the context of the recent history of funding policy regarding higher education in England. A key conclusion is that structured inequality, an inherent feature of a divided secondary education system, is being pulled firmly into higher education.
The Role of Heparin in Alleviating Complement-Mediated Acute Intravascular Haemolysis

Heparin is commonly used as an anticoagulant but its many other pharmacologic properties are less well known. It has an important effect on complement regulation and has been shown in vitro to inhibit complement-mediated lysis of red cells. Although the beneficial effects of heparin for treatment of haemolytic anaemia were described many decades ago, its use in this scenario is not standard practice. Here we report a case where the use of heparin had a beneficial effect on a life-threatening episode of intravascular haemolysis. We also show unfractionated heparin to be more beneficial than low molecular weight heparin. We suggest that heparin has an important role to play in the management of complement-mediated haemolytic episodes.
Perceived Support and Low Emotional Distress: The Role of Enacted Support, Dyad Similarity, and Provider Personality

Two important issues in social support research are (a) the characteristics of support providers (e.g., enacted support and provider personality) that perceivers use to judge supportiveness and (b) the extent to which correlations between supportiveness and other constructs reflect the idiosyncratic perceptions of perceivers as well as the social consensus among observers. One-hundred daughter caregivers of parents with probable Alzheimer’s disease and their most important support providers completed measures of perceived and enacted support, dyad similarity, the personality characteristics of providers, and caregivers’ depressive symptoms. A number of different provider characteristics were linked to provider supportiveness. However, these links varied depending on whether they reflected the idiosyncratic perceptions of caregivers or the shared views of caregivers and providers. The link between perceived and enacted support was composed of both idiosyncratic and shared components, whereas the link between support and few depressive symptoms was composed only of idiosyncratic perception.
Dynamic properties of medial rectus motoneurons during vergence eye movements.

1. An early study by Keller reported that medial rectus motoneurons display a step change in firing rate during accommodative vergence movements. However, a later study by Mays and Porter reported gradual changes in firing rate during symmetrical vergence movements. Furthermore, subsequent inspection of the activity of individual medial rectus motoneurons during vergence movements indicated transient changes in their firing rate that had not been noted by Mays and Porter. For conjugate eye movements, in addition to a position signal, motoneurons display an eye velocity signal that compensates for the characteristics of the oculomotor plant. This suggested that the transient change in firing rate seen during vergence movements represented a velocity signal. Therefore the present study used single-unit recording techniques in alert rhesus monkeys to examine the dynamic behavior of medial rectus motoneurons during vergence eye movements. 2. The relationship between firing rate and eye velocity was first studied for vergence responses to step changes in binocular disparity and accommodative demand. Inspection of single trials showed that medial rectus motoneurons display transient changes in firing rate during vergence eye movements. To better visualize the dynamic signal during vergence movements, an expected firing rate (eye position multiplied by position sensitivity of the cell plus its baseline firing rate) was subtracted from the actual firing rate to yield a difference firing rate, which was displayed along with the eye velocity trace for individual trials. During all smooth symmetrical vergence movements, the profile of the difference firing rate very closely resembled the velocity profile. 3. To quantify the relationship between eye velocity and firing rate, two approaches were taken. In one, peak eye velocity was plotted against the difference firing rate. This plot yielded a measure of the velocity sensitivity of the cell (prv). In the other, a scatter plot was produced in which horizontal eye velocity throughout the vergence eye movement was plotted against the difference firing rate. This plot yielded a second measure of the velocity sensitivity of the cell (rv). 4. The behavior of 10 cells was studied during both sinusoidal vergence tracking and conjugate smooth pursuit over a range of frequencies from 0.125 to 1.0 Hz. This enabled the frequency sensitivity of the medial rectus motoneurons to be assessed for both types of movements. Both vergence velocity sensitivity and smooth pursuit velocity sensitivity decreased with increasing frequency. This is similar to a finding by Fuchs and co-workers for lateral rectus motoneurons during smooth pursuit eye movements. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Frontal Brain Asymmetry and Depression: A Self-regulatory Perspective

Recent findings indicate that frontal brain asymmetry may be a marker of for depression. However, the psychological predispositions that account linkage between frontal brain asymmetry and depression are unclear. approach-withdrawal hypothesis is the primary framework that has been to account for the linkages between frontal brain asymmetry and or emotional disorders. We review evidence consistent with this and suggest several directions for its extension. One such direction is to constrain the approach-withdrawal hypothesis by linking frontal asymmetry to the known functions of the prefrontal cortex. On this we propose that frontal brain asymmetry may be preferentially linked processes that promote the temporal continuity and shifting of or emotional priorities and the suppression of interference by sources of motivation or emotion. We review evidence from and neurobiological studies of depression that is broadly consistent with these predictions. We emphasise the need for future studies testing our hypo.
Stigmatization Revisited

This research examined whether diversity management provides a perception of enhanced employee qualifications and competence. In the first experiment, a sample of 179 undergraduate business students at two universities answered questions after viewing a recruitment bulletin, a job description, and an application. There was a significant difference in perceptions between female and male job types (lab technician and electrician) and in perceptions of qualified candidates according to job type. Women hired under diversity management were viewed as more qualified than were affirmative action hires when applying for a perceived male job type. A total of 220 undergraduate business students participated in a second experiment designed to illuminate differences between diversity management and affirmative action for racial groups. Racial minorities hired under diversity management were viewed more positively than were those hired under affirmative action. Diversity management is seen as a successful strategy for employing women and racial minorities.
Property Crime and the Routine Activities of Individuals

The risk of property crime victimization is examined from a routine activities approach using data from six neighborhoods in Atlanta, Georgia. Indicators of the concepts of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and capable guardians are identified, and their individual and combined explanatory power are examined. The findings reveal that measures of neighborhood crime and housing type are the only variables that consistently relate to victimization in the hypothesized direction; employment status is the only guardianship measure that has the predicted effect on victimization. The analyses provide limited support for the routine activities approach, but are also consistent with hypotheses derived from other theoretical perspectives on criminal victimizations.
AN EXPLORATION OF PSYCHOLOGISTS' PUBLIC IMAGE: FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGISTS

Voigt Lisa A. (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) An Exploration of Psychologists’ Public Image: Factors Influencing Students’ Perceptions of Psychologists (Title) Guidance and Counseling Gary Rockwood, Ph.D. August, 2002 55 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual, 5 Edition, 2001 (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) There is a continual interest in the way that individuals view psychologists, as it directly impacts individuals’ likelihood of seeking psychological services, and the degree of trust clients place in their psychological service providers. There is currently little research about college students in this area, especially in relation to the impact the media and previous psychotherapy sources have upon students. This research is important for psychologists working with college students, as it may provide questions to investigate to understand what preconceptions students hold about psychologists. This will allow the therapeutic relationship to take on a new dimension, in that there will be a deeper understanding of the conceptions a client brings to psychotherapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate common perceptions college students hold about psychologists, and to determine which factors influence those perceptions.
Whiplash as a total-body injury

Abstract In our highly active society, individuals and groups push their physical limits. Consequently, the incidence of whiplash injury is increasing. Patients may not recover rapidly or fully from a whiplash injury, thus leading to chronic neck and spinal symptoms and litigation. Physicians must recognize whiplash injury as a manifestation of total-body trauma and treat accordingly, with particular emphasis on alleviating abnormal tension of the fascia. Precise description of the accident, followed by healing methods tailored to well-defined bodily injury, aids in effective management. Whiplash injury poses a challenge to the osteopathic physician to sharpen skills in defining the injury based on the details of the accident and to incorporate myofascial release treatment into traditional modes of whiplash treatment. Fortunately, many highly respected osteopathic physicians have written extensively on the subject and the tools are at hand to refine treatment for both acute and chronic whiplash.
Infertility Problems and Mental Health Symptoms in a Community-Based Sample: Depressive Symptoms among Infertile Men, but Not Women

Most researchers agree that men’s and women’s experiences of infertility are fundamentally different, and impacts upon the nature of psychological distress encountered. However, design flaws, including non-random samples unrepresentative of the general population, compromise many existing studies. Data derived from a random general community sample provides prevalence of current infertility, and permits examination of longitudinal associations between mental health symptoms and infertility among 1,978 participants aged 28-32 years. In the previous 12-months, infertility was experienced by 2.1% and 5.4% partnered men and women. Infertility independently predicted depressive symptomatology in men, and anxiety symptoms among women. Gender differences were sustained, even controlling for prior depression and anxiety. Health professionals are encouraged to proactively enquire about affective symptoms experienced by both women and men with infertility problems.
De Novo Assembly and Transcriptome Analysis of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Early Embryos

The agricultural pest Ceratitis capitata, also known as the Mediterranean fruit fly or Medfly, belongs to the Tephritidae family, which includes a large number of other damaging pest species. The Medfly has been the first non-drosophilid fly species which has been genetically transformed paving the way for designing genetic-based pest control strategies. Furthermore, it is an experimentally tractable model, in which transient and transgene-mediated RNAi have been successfully used. We applied Illumina sequencing to total RNA preparations of 8–10 hours old embryos of C. capitata, This developmental window corresponds to the blastoderm cellularization stage. In summary, we assembled 42,614 transcripts which cluster in 26,319 unique transcripts of which 11,045 correspond to protein coding genes; we identified several hundreds of long ncRNAs; we found an enrichment of transcripts encoding RNA binding proteins among the highly expressed transcripts, such as CcTRA-2, known to be necessary to establish and, most likely, to maintain female sex of C. capitata. Our study is the first de novo assembly performed for Ceratitis capitata based on Illumina NGS technology during embryogenesis and it adds novel data to the previously published C. capitata EST databases. We expect that it will be useful for a variety of applications such as gene cloning and phylogenetic analyses, as well as to advance genetic research and biotechnological applications in the Medfly and other related Tephritidae.
Young Children's Concepts about Print and Reading: Toward a Model of Word Reading Acquisition.

THE AUTHORS tested theoretical models of the development of print concepts and word reading. Eighteen measures of print concepts and word reading were obtained from 81 children three to seven years of age. A five-component model hypothesized from previous findings fit the data better than a fouror two-component model. The five component model included a concepts-about-print component which influenced a graphic awareness component, which in turn influenced a phonemic awareness component, which influenced a grapheme-phoneme correspondence knowledge component, which ultimately influenced a word reading component; in addition, concepts about print also influenced grapheme-phoneme correspondence knowledge. According to results of developmental analyses, children expand their knowledge in each of these print components with age.
Shifting discourses of migrant incorporation at a time of crisis: understanding the articulation of language and labour in the Catalan non-governmental sector

In this article, we investigate the discursive transformations that occurred at a migrant-support non-governmental organisation (NGO) located in the outskirts of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) and how they intersect with broader sociopolitical and economic processes. In particular, we focus on the revamping of the key notions of language and labour in the institutional imagination of migrant incorporation processes. Our data was collected over the course of a six-year period (2007–2012) and consisted of in-depth interviews with multilingual NGO users and institutional agents, ethnographic narratives and institutional documents. We trace a discursive shift from ‘integration-through-labour’ during the economic boom to an official ‘integration-through-language’ to gain access to paid employment in the early years of the recession, and recently, with the worsening of the crisis, a paradigm that focuses on language-cum-affective labour to craft relational and moral selves through voluntary work in local NGOs.
Characterization of fly ash from the gasification of wood and assessment for its application as a soil amendment

Fly ash was collected as a byproduct from the processing of southern pine wood chips in a pilot-scale biomass gasifier. General properties of the fly ash were determined to assess its applicability as a soil amendment. Its alkaline pH (9.5) and high concentrations of Ca, K, and Mg suggest that it could be used as both a liming agent and a fertilizer. The concentrations of most heavy metals in all ash samples in this study were lower than the ecological soil screening levels used as a guideline. A sequential extraction analysis was used to evaluate the bioavailability of selected nutrient elements and pollutant heavy metals in the fly ash. Most nutrient elements were present in exchangeable/acid extractable and easily reducible fractions. The heavy metals were generally less bioavailable, thus ameliorating concerns for land application of fly ash, with or without prior combustion. Comparison of sequential extraction test results for all of the ashes indicated that the conditions experienced during gasification, such as high processing temperatures, impacted both the total heavy metal concentrations and their potential bioavailabilities.
Excitability of jcBNST Neurons Is Reduced in Alcohol-Dependent Animals during Protracted Alcohol Withdrawal

Alcohol dependence and withdrawal has been shown to cause neuroadaptive changes at multiple levels of the nervous system. At the neuron level, adaptations of synaptic connections have been extensively studied in a number of brain areas and accumulating evidence also shows the importance of alcohol dependence-related changes in the intrinsic cellular properties of neurons. At the same time, it is still largely unknown how such neural adaptations impact the firing and integrative properties of neurons. To address these problems, here, we analyze physiological properties of neurons in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (jcBNST) in animals with a history of alcohol dependence. As a comprehensive approach, first we measure passive and active membrane properties of neurons using conventional current clamp protocols and then analyze their firing responses under the action of simulated synaptic bombardment via dynamic clamp. We find that most physiological properties as measured by DC current injection are barely affected during protracted withdrawal. However, neuronal excitability as measured from firing responses under simulated synaptic inputs with the dynamic clamp is markedly reduced in all 3 types of jcBNST neurons. These results support the importance of studying the effects of alcohol and drugs of abuse on the firing properties of neurons with dynamic clamp protocols designed to bring the neurons into a high conductance state. Since the jcBNST integrates excitatory inputs from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and cortical inputs from the infralimbic and the insular cortices and in turn is believed to contribute to the inhibitory input to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) the reduced excitability of the jcBNST during protracted withdrawal in alcohol-dependent animals will likely affect ability of the jcBNST to shape the activity and output of the CeA.