Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of managerial knowledge from foreign parents: evidence from Korean joint ventures

This paper contributes to the literature on intra- and inter-firm knowledge transfer by examining knowledge acquisition by Korean international joint ventures from their foreign parents. A conceptual model is presented which identifies the factors that have been found to influence knowledge transfer, organised into variables related to the local recipient firm, the foreign sender firm and the relationship between the two. The model is examined by means of a series of multiple regressions using a sample of 128 Korean international joint ventures. We find that: (1) the international joint ventures intent to learn and international experience; (2) the level of trust between parents and their business relatedness; and (3) the active managerial engagement of the foreign parent are the most important factors explaining the level of knowledge acquisition within the international joint ventures.
Family Firm Density and Regional Innovation Output: An Exploratory Analysis

Family firm's long-term orientation and strong local roots suggest positive effects on regional R&D cooperation and regional innovation output. This article analyzes the effect of family firm density on regional innovation output. Combining a dataset of 326 German regions with the locations of 526 medium- to large-scale family firms in innovative industries, our regressions show that regions with a higher family firm density also show higher levels of innovation output, as measured by the number of successful patent applications. The implications of these findings for family firms and regional policy are discussed.
Life Histories of Innovations: How New Practices Become Routinized

A fire department in a southern city initiated a new paramedic service in 1973. Four years later, the service was so pervasive that the department avoided citywide budget cuts, and the "innovation" was considered a routine part of the department's operations. Innovations like this one continually emerge in urban bureaucracies. Little is known, however, about how such practices become routinizedi.e. , how they become part of "standard practice. " Instead, most previous research has focused on earlier steps in the innovation process, such as adoption (Rogers, 1962; and Warner, 1974) or implementation (Berman and McLaughlin, 1978). Yet, to develop a full theory of organizational innovation (Becker and Whisler, 1967; Clark and Guba, 1965; and Rowe and Boise, 1974) requires an understanding of the routinization process. In addition, policy initiatives must account for the long-term consequences of innovation and must deal with routinization. This is true whether a municipal service practice is based on new technology (e.g., Lambright and Flynn, 1977) or on organizational changes such as municipal decentralization (e.g., Yin and Yates, 1975). The routinization process was studied by examining the life histories of six types of innovations, to assure a variety of settings and bureaucratic practices:'
Salicylic Acid Inhibits Synthesis of Proteinase Inhibitors in Tomato Leaves Induced by Systemin and Jasmonic Acid

Salicylic acid (SA) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), previously shown to inhibit proteinase inhibitor synthesis induced by wounding, oligouronides (H.M. Doherty, R.R. Selvendran, D.J. Bowles [1988] Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 377–384), and linolenic acid (H. Pena-Cortes, T. Albrecht, S. Prat, E.W. Weiler, L. Willmitzer [1993] Planta 191: 123–128), are shown here to be potent inhibitors of systemin-induced and jasmonic acid (JA)-induced synthesis of proteinase inhibitor mRNAs and proteins. The inhibition by SA and ASA of proteinase inhibitor synthesis induced by systemin and JA, as well as by wounding and oligosaccharide elicitors, provides further evidence that both oligosaccharide and polypeptide inducer molecules utilize the octadecanoid pathway to signal the activation of proteinase inhibitor genes. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves were pulse labeled with [35S]methionine, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the inhibitory effects of SA are shown to be specific for the synthesis of a small number of JA-inducible proteins that includes the proteinase inhibitors. Previous results have shown that SA inhibits the conversion of 13S-hydroperoxy linolenic acid to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, thereby inhibiting the signaling pathway by blocking synthesis of JA. Here we report that the inhibition of synthesis of proteinase inhibitor proteins and mRNAs by SA in both light and darkness also occurs at a step in the signal transduction pathway, after JA synthesis but preceding transcription of the inhibitor genes.
Early Stabilization and Decompression for Incomplete Paraplegia Due to a Thoracic‐Level Spinal Cord Injury

All patients treated between 1985 and 1990 for acute incomplete spinal cord injury between T2 and T11 were retrospectively studied. This level was chosen for study because by excluding cervical cord, conus, and cauda equina injuries, neurologic improvement could be attributed to improvement of spinal cord function. Only 14 patients with incomplete thoracic level paraplegia were identified, representing 1.2% of all spinal injuries. All 14 patients were treated by early operative reduction, stabilization, or decompression. Tweive patients had surgery within 24 hours of neurologic injury, one at 36 hours, and one at 5 days. Twelve patients had initial posterior instrumentation and fusion, one of whom subsequently had an anterior decompression. Two patients had initial anterior decompression and fusion. Both later had posterior instrumentation and fusion to treat progressive deformity. Follow-up averaged 20 months (range, 9–65 months). Neural function before surgery and at follow-up was given a Frankel grade and lower extremity motor index score. Of 13 surviving patients, seven were initially Frankel B and six Frankel C. Of the seven patients initially Frankel B, four recovered to Frankel E, two improved to Frankel D, and one remained Frankel B. Of the six patients originally Frankel C, five recovered to Frankel E and one improved to Frankel D. Average neurologic improvement was 2.2 Frankel grades per patient, lower extremity motor index improved from an average of 7 to 44. Early surgical reduction, stabilization, and decompression is safe and improves neurologic recovery in comparison to historical controls treated by postural reduction or late surgical intervention.
Labour market segmentation and workers' careers: the case of the Italian knitwear industry

This paper reports on empirical research into the labour market in the knitwear and ready to-wear industry in the province of JVJodena (Emilia). In particular, it looks at the careers of three categories of workers: homeworkers, those employed on the production lines of larger firms, and artisans.1 Italy, in common with many other industrialised capitalist countries, has witnessed a growing decentralisation of production. This tendency has been differently interpreted but a consensus is emerging that such developments are not evidence of economic backward ness.2 On the contrary, an industrial structure consisting of firms of different size but with a large number of small and even 'microscopic' enterprises is increasingly being recog nised as one possible avenue of economic development. Taking this for granted, the aim of these notes is to investigate the structure of the labour market in a prosperous area typified by economic growth which has the small firm as its base element.
Comparing Outsourcing Patterns in Domestic and FDI Manufacturing Plants: Empirical Evidence from Spain

To fully understand the local linkages of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plants, we argue it would be useful to analyze the outsourcing patterns of such plants in comparison to domestic plants. Consequently, we examined 1031 industrial plants, both domestic and foreign, located in Spain. The FDI plants show patterns similar to those of domestic plants with regard to the level of outsourcing, the incidence of outsourced production on the companies’ total sales and the economic content of outsourcing relationships. Further, our results show that levels of embeddedness in the local and regional economy of FDI plants are not significantly different from domestic plants. However, FDI plants are highly concentrated spatially in the largest industrial agglomerations. For such plants, Barcelona not only seems a preferred site for location but also for contracting manufacturing tasks.
The role of personnel directors on the board of directors

Examines the role of 28 personnel directors on the boards of private business and public sector organizations and offers an analysis of their influence and the factors explaining that influence. First, personnel directors adopted a business orientation directly involving them in business strategy, although this was more emergent than formally planned. Second, successful personnel directors required professional competence in HR proactively contributing to solving business problems. Third, excellent social skills in developing effective interpersonal relations with other board directors was important. A fourth factor was the management style of the MD/CEO including recognition that personnel could make a significant contribution to business goals. Where the MD held a strong people orientation, personnel was likely to have influence, whereas if the MD’s priorities lay elsewhere then the role was tougher, but not impossible.
A Methodological Note on Nonlinear Time Series Analysis: Is the Open-and Closed-Loop Model of Collins and De Luca (1993) a Statistical Artifact?

Abstract The authors reexamined, theoretically and empirically, the method proposed by J. J. Collins and C. D. De Luca (1993) for the analysis of center-of-pressure trajectories. The main argument in this article is that Collins and De Luca's approach is not adapted to the analysis of bounded time series and leads to statistical artifacts such as underestimation of the diffusion process for long-term intervals. The open- and closed-loop model developed by Collins and De Luca is a direct consequence of those statistical problems. Applying more classical methods, such as rescaled range analysis or detrended fluctuation analysis, the authors show that center-of-pressure trajectories can be modeled as continuous, antipersistent fractional Brownian motion. More specifically, those trajectories behave like 1/f noise, a ubiquitous feature in adaptive biological systems.
Strategic Utilization of What Organizations Know for Value Creation: the case of Kenyan Financial Regulatory Enterprises

With the increasing uncertainty in business-operating environment in the knowledge-driven economy, organizations should not only know what they know, but know it well for effective strategic utilization. This study sought to find out the extent to which organizations know what they know and whether they strategically utilize that knowledge for value creation. This study used descriptive approach which revealed that organizations know what they know to a great extent but strategically utilizing it to some extent. The respondents gave varying score rates on the extent of strategic utilization of knowing capability especially on the highly tacit knowledge. The study found out that managing knowledge as a strategic asset has not received strategic focus and attention. The study argued that not knowing your critical knowledge in a knowledge driven economy is a serious capability problem. This study was limited to financial regulatory enterprises in Kenya. However, we gave insight that can stimulate discussion and further research on knowing capability and value creation using diverse population in diverse industries.
Insulin-induced enhancement of MCF-7 breast cancer cell response to 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide

The study was designed to evaluate the potential use of insulin for cancer-specific treatment. Insulin-induced sensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide was evaluated. To investigate and establish the possible mechanisms of this phenomenon, we assessed cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, activation of apoptotic and autophagic pathways, expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3, formation of reactive oxygen species, and wound-healing assay. Additionally, we reviewed the literature regarding theuse of insulin in cancer-specific treatment. We found that insulin increases the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide in vitro up to two-fold. The effect was linked to enhancement of apoptosis, activation of apoptotic and autophagic pathways, and overexpression of glucose transporters 1 and 3 as well as inhibition of cell proliferation and motility. We propose a model for insulin-induced sensitization process. Insulin acts as a sensitizer of cancer cells to cytotoxic therapy through various mechanisms opening a possibility for metronomic insulin-based treatments.
Examining alliance portfolios beyond the dyads: The relevance of redundancy and nonuniformity across and between partners

In this research, we unpack how interdependencies affect not just individual dyads but also value creation across an alliance portfolio and ultimately a focal firm’s performance. Moving beyond the collection of dyadic relationships of individual alliances, we examine more holistically the distribution of power imbalances and mutual dependences within alliance portfolios, as well as the impact of redundancies in portfolio partners’ resources. Building on resource dependence theory, we develop and test arguments on a sample of 59 firms in the U.S. passenger airline industry during 1998–2011. We find that nonuniform distributions of power imbalances and mutual dependences within the alliance portfolio as well as redundancy affect firm performance in different ways, which has implications for the management of alliance portfolios.
Strategies for Business Format Franchisors to Expand into Global Markets

Abstract Franchising is emerging as a highly effective strategy for growth, job creation, and economic development and is spreading rapidly around the globe. However, the pursuit of global markets by franchisors has traditionally relied on employing just three generic franchising options (i.e., direct franchising, master franchising, area development). This paper presents a more expansive view of strategic choice for franchisors by presenting first-mover, platform, and conversion strategies as additional strategic approaches that may be utilized to meet the challenge of expanding into international markets. Propositions are advanced to first suggest which strategic approaches aremost appropriate under varied foreign market conditions and then how these approaches should be linked to the three generic licensing options to create combination strategies based on franchisor experience/capabilities and similar/dissimilar markets. A contingency model of global franchising is presented, which depicts the above relationships and provides an overall framework that can assist franchisors in solving the foreign expansion and distribution question. Managerial and research implications are then provided.
Coal tits, Parus ater, lose weight in response to chases by predators

Theoretical models predict that birds should decrease their body mass in response to increased predation risk because lighter birds take off faster and are more manoeuvrable. We studied the effect of predation risk by chasing coal tits in large outdoor aviaries thus simulating an attempt to capture them. With this increase in predation risk, both perceived and actual, coal tits lost significantly more weight than in a control situation when they were not pursued. This pattern was attributable to a smaller gain in weight only during the day; nocturnal weight did not change in relation to diurnal predation risk. The lower daily weight gain was not consistent with predictions from models of interrupted foraging, but was consistent with predictions from risk adjustment models. Moreover, there was no difference in weight gain over 2-h periods that included a 1-h fast and those in which feeding was ad libitum, suggesting that coal tits could easily regain their body mass after a predator had interrupted their feeding. Our results therefore suggest that pursuit by predators leads to a decrease in the body mass of small birds. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Antidepressant-treated Patients in Ambulatory Care

Background Despite the problems involved in treating depression and concomitant medical disease, there are virtually no longitudinal studies on drug utilisation among depressed patients. Method Use of prescription drugs among all first-time users of antidepressants in a defined population five years before and six years after the index (first) treatment was compared to a referent group without antidepressant treatment. The generalised estimating equations (GEE) method was used for analysis. Results The antidepressant-treated group used considerably more non-psychotropic drugs during the whole study period than the referent group. They also used more psychotropic drugs, a use which increased in connection with the initiation of antidepressant treatment and stayed high for a further five years. Conclusions The high use of prescription drugs indicated widespread somatic and psychiatric health problems during the whole study period. Antidepressant-treated patients are at risk for drug interactions and adverse effects, and would benefit from a closer collaboration between psychiatry and medicine.
Increased Dye Coupling in Pancreatic Islets From Rats in Late-Term Pregnancy

Our previous studies have suggested that elevated lactogen, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased β-cell coupling are associated. To determine whether this association occurs under conditions of physiologically increased lactogen, we have studied the extent of dye coupling in rat islets during the later stage of pregnancy. These animals have high plasma lactogen levels in the form of placental lactogen, increased plasma insulin, and decreased plasma glucose. The fluorescent tracer, Lucifer yellow CH, was microinjected into central cells of islets from both pregnant and virgin rats, and the extent of transfer was quantitated by determining the projected area of dye spread. Two area measurements were made for each injection, one around the entire discernible fluorescent region (“outer”) and another around the distinct brighter region of cells surrounding the injected cell (“inner”). Pregnancy increased dye transfer, as determined by both measurements. The outer area of dye transfer was 9047 ± 775 μm2 for the islets from pregnant rats and 4699 ± 391 μm2 for the islets from virgin rats (P < .001). Similarly, pregnancy increased the inner area of dye transfer, 1447 ±161 μm2 for the islets f rom pregnant rats and 795 ± 80 μm2 for the islets from virgin rats (P < .001). These results support the hypothesis that elevated lactogen, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased β-cell dye coupling are associated under physiological conditions. The study indicates that enhanced β-cell coupling is part of the structural and functional adaptation that the islets undergo during a subject's pregnancy and demonstrates that the extent of β-cell coupling is regulated by a physiological condition.
Use of resource‐based view in industrial cluster strategic analysis

The resource‐based view of the firm has recently emerged as a new paradigm in strategic analysis. According to this view, firms are heterogeneous collections of resources that lead them to distinct market performance. This paper uses this approach not to analyse an individual firm but a cluster of firms, whose competitiveness depends not only on their individual resources and capabilities but also on those shared by the cluster as a whole. The analysis was developed for a wine cluster located in southern Brazil. The main objective was the identification of the resources and capabilities shared by the cluster in its effort to formulate sustainable competitive strategies. The research method employed combined the techniques of cognitive mapping analysis with the theoretical basis of the resource‐based view approach. The results of the study produced a significant improvement in managers’ and strategists’ perceptions about the competitive potential of the cluster.
A Note on Arbitrage Asset Pricing

Arbitrage pricing plays an important role in asset valuation. The most applications of arbitrage asset pricing theories are based on the law of one price or asymptotic arbitrage free markets. We provide some new results on arbitrage and especially the arbitrage pricing theory by distinguishing between the absence of arbitrage, the law of one price and the absence of riskless arbitrage. Then we find the implications of these conditions for arbitrage asset pricing. Since the three concepts of the absence of arbitrage imply that the linear functionals that give the mean and the cost of a portfolio are continuous, hence there exist unique portfolios that represent these functionals. We detect a positive distance between these portfolios and therefore between the functionals. Thus the law of one price and the absence of a riskless arbitrage opportunity lead to systematic mispricing if both the contingent claims and the assets are mispriced. The beta pricing literature usually makes strong assumptions to obtain exact asset pricing. This belongs to a debate over which factors have the best theoretical or empirical justification. In the light of our results it is more advisable to acknowledge that almost only approximate arbitrage asset pricing can be obtained. The introduction of risky arbitrage opportunities in the sense that there might be an arbitrage opportunity with positive probability but not with probability one requires the knowledge of the risk aversion of investors. Therefore exact asset pricing can only be obtained by equilibrium asset pricing models. Our results generalizes to other arbitrage asset pricing theories like the Black and Scholes option valuation model and even the Modigliani-Miller Theorem.
Baseline creatinine to define acute kidney injury: is there any consensus?

olimus induces proteinuria and renal deterioration in the remnant kidney model in the rat. Transplantation 2007; 84: 1492–1499 29. Schena FP, Pascoe MD, Alberu J et al. Sirolimus CONVERT Trial Study Group. Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus maintenance therapy in renal allograft recipients: 24-month efficacy and safety results from the CONVERT trial. Transplantation 2009; 87: 233–242 30. Daniel C, Renders L, Amann K et al. Mechanisms of everolimusinduced glomerulosclerosis after glomerular injury in the rat. Am J Transplant 2005; 5: 2849–2861
The evolution of false self-employment in the British construction industry: a neo-Polanyian account of labour market formation

Governments in Europe and elsewhere have renewed their attention to the fiscal regulation of their economies in order to close tax loopholes and boost revenues in response to the financial crisis. The article uses a neo-Polanyian ‘instituted economic process’ approach to explore and explain the uniquely high level of bogus self-employment in the UK construction industry, facilitated by confused law and stimulated by a bespoke construction fiscal regime, resulting in endemic tax evasion. It examines how the co-evolution of employment status law and a sector-specific fiscal regime maps tightly onto the emergence of mass self-employment, as evidenced by comparative labour market and sectoral statistics. Seeing competition as an instituted process within these distinctive market arrangements, it identifies a form of ‘degenerative competition’, driving out both genuine direct-employment and self-employment, and driving in bogus self-employment, with its attendant substantial fiscal losses, failed skill reproduction and poor productivity.