Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nursing Diagnoses of hospitalized patients with heart failure: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE Identifying Nursing Diagnoses of fatigue, activity intolerance and decreased cardiac output in hospitalized patients with heart failure and verifying the association between the defining characteristics and the Nursing Diagnoses. METHOD A longitudinal and prospective study that followed hospitalized patients with heart failure for three weeks. The data collected through interviews and physical examinations were sent to expert nurses for diagnostic inference. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out. RESULTS Of the 72 patients, 68.0% were male and presented the nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output (62.5%) in the first week, reducing to 52.8% and 38% in the second and third weeks, respectively. Fatigue only appeared in one patient. Activity intolerance was the diagnosis that had the greatest discrepancy among the experts. Decreased cardiac output was associated to the defining characteristics: dyspnea, edema, jugular venous distension and reduced ejection fraction during all three weeks of evaluation. CONCLUSION Decreased cardiac output was more prevalent in hospitalized patients with heart failure, and the associated defining characteristics were determining factors for this nursing diagnosis. OBJETIVO Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem fadiga, intolerância à atividade e débito cardíaco diminuído em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca hospitalizados e verificar a associação entre as características definidoras e os diagnósticos de enfermagem. MÉTODO Estudo longitudinal e prospectivo que acompanhou pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca hospitalizados por três semanas. Os dados coletados por entrevista e exame físico foram encaminhados a enfermeiros peritos para inferência diagnóstica. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS Dos 72 pacientes, 68,0% eram do sexo masculino e apresentaram o diagnóstico de enfermagem débito cardíaco diminuído (62,5%) na primeira semana, reduzindo para 52,8% e 38% na segunda e terceira semana, respectivamente. Fadiga apareceu somente em um paciente. Intolerância à atividade foi o diagnóstico que teve maior discordância entre os peritos. Débito cardíaco diminuído foi associado às características definidoras dispneia, edema, distensão da veia jugular e fração de ejeção diminuída nas três semanas de avaliação. CONCLUSÃO Débito cardíaco diminuído esteve mais prevalente em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca hospitalizados, sendo as características definidoras associadas determinantes para este diagnóstico de enfermagem.
HAMLET: Interpretable Human And Machine co-LEarning Technique

Efficient label acquisition processes are key to obtaining robust classifiers. However, data labeling is often challenging and subject to high levels of label noise. This can arise even when classification targets are well defined, if instances to be labeled are more difficult than the prototypes used to define the class, leading to disagreements among the expert community. Here, we enable efficient training of deep neural networks. From low-confidence labels, we iteratively improve their quality by simultaneous learning of machines and experts. We call it Human And Machine co-LEarning Technique (HAMLET). Throughout the process, experts become more consistent, while the algorithm provides them with explainable feedback for confirmation. HAMLET uses a neural embedding function and a memory module filled with diverse reference embeddings from different classes. Its output includes classification labels and highly relevant reference embeddings as explanation. We took the study of brain monitoring at intensive care unit (ICU) as an application of HAMLET on continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) data. Although cEEG monitoring yields large volumes of data, labeling costs and difficulty make it hard to build a classifier. Additionally, while experts agree on the labels of clear-cut examples of cEEG patterns, labeling many real-world cEEG data can be extremely challenging. Thus, a large minority of sequences might be mislabeled. HAMLET has shown significant performance gain against deep learning and other baselines, increasing accuracy from 7.03% to 68.75% on challenging inputs. Besides improved performance, clinical experts confirmed the interpretability of those reference embeddings in helping explaining the classification results by HAMLET.
Stress Relaxation in Aluminum Welding Using Ultrasonic Method

Stress relaxation of welded joints can increase the safety of structures. Although it is not absolutely clear why it happens, several researches have proved the phenomenon. This work presents the application of the ultrasonic technique to evaluate the stress relaxation in welds of 5052 aluminum. A special geometry was developed, so each welded plate had uni-axial stresses in the measurement region. Twenty-two plates were tested, eleven in the rolling direction and the remaining in the perpendicular direction. The plates were stress relief using a heat treatment to set an initial stress free reference state. After that, they were welded to create the stress field in the area of investigation. A final step was to cut each of the samples after different periods of time from the welding. The stress was measured in the uni-axial stress region. A calendar of the process was established to record precisely the time for each step. Longitudinal critically refracted waves were used to measure the stresses. The results showed a clear effect of relaxation. The magnitude was not as pronounced as in steel, but kept the same relation with the ultimate strength of material.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Effects of whole cottonseed, cottonseed oil or animal fat on digestibility of wheat straw diets by steers.

Two completely random digestion trials were conducted, each with 12 beef steers (325 kg initial weight), to measure changes in digestibilities of fat and of forage components when fat was added to diets containing 62 to 76% wheat straw. Trial 1 diets contained either no added fat or 6.3% added fat from whole cottonseed (30% of the diet), cottonseed oil or animal fat; diets were formulated to contain equal levels of cottonseed hulls and cottonseed meal. Trial 2 diets contained 0, 2, 4 or 8% added animal fat. In all forms and at all levels, added fat increased apparent digestibility of dietary lipid (P less than .05). However, estimated true digestibility of lipid decreased (from 94 to 71%) as added fat was increased from 0 to 8% (P less than .05). Up to 6.3% added fat increased digestible energy (DE) content of the diet. Fat additions of 2 and 4% increased daily DE intake (P less than .05) and did not depress digestibility of diet components (P greater than .05). Fat additions of 6.3% or greater, either as free fats or as whole cottonseed, reduced (P less than .05) mean acid detergent fiber digestibility from 40 to 28%. In addition to depressing fiber digestibility, 8% added fat reduced (P less than .05) digestibilities of dry matter (from 54 to 47%), organic matter (60 to 52%) and gross energy (60 to 51%). Oil fed as whole cottonseed caused digestibility depressions similar to free fat addition at the same level. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of an Efficient Dual‐Action GST‐Inhibiting Anticancer Platinum(IV) Prodrug

The cytotoxicity of cisplatin (cDDP) is enhanced when co‐administered with ethacrynic acid (EA), a glutathione S‐transferase (GST) inhibitor. A PtIV–EA conjugate containing a cDDP core and two axial ethacrynate ligands (compound 1) was shown to be an excellent inhibitor of GST, but did not readily release a PtII species to exert a synergistic cytotoxic effect. In this study, a redesigned PtIV construct composed of a cDDP core with one axial ethacrynate ligand and one axial hydroxido ligand (compound 2) was prepared and shown to overcome the limitations of compound 1. The EA ligand in 2 is readily released in vitro together with a cytotoxic PtII species derived from cisplatin, working together to inhibit cell proliferation in cDDP‐resistant human ovarian cancer cells. The in vitro activity translates well in vivo with 2, showing effective (∼80 %) inhibition of tumor growth in a human ovarian carcinoma A2780 tumor model, while showing considerably lower toxicity than cisplatin, thus validating the new design strategy.
Humidification and heating of inhaled gas in patients with artificial airway. A narrative review

Instrumentation of the airways in critical patients (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula) prevents them from performing their function of humidify and heating the inhaled gas. In addition, the administration of cold and dry medical gases and the high flows that patients experience during invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation generate an even worse condition. For this reason, a device for gas conditioning is needed, even in short-term treatments, to avoid potential damage to the structure and function of the respiratory epithelium. In the field of intensive therapy, the use of heat and moisture exchangers is common for this purpose, as is the use of active humidification systems. Acquiring knowledge about technical specifications and the advantages and disadvantages of each device is needed for proper use since the conditioning of inspired gases is a key intervention in patients with artificial airway and has become routine care. Incorrect selection or inappropriate configuration of a device can have a negative impact on clinical outcomes. The members of the Capítulo de Kinesiología Intensivista of the Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva conducted a narrative review aiming to show the available evidence regarding conditioning of inhaled gas in patients with artificial airways, going into detail on concepts related to the working principles of each one.
Experimental similarity assessment for a collection of fragmented artifacts

In the Visual Heritage domain, search engines are expected to support archaeologists and curators to address cross-correlation and searching across multiple collections. Archaeological excavations return artifacts that often are damaged with parts that are fragmented in more pieces or totally missing. The notion of similarity among fragments cannot simply base on the geometric shape but style, material, color, decorations, etc. are all important factors that concur to this concept. In this work, we discuss to which extent the existing techniques for 3D similarity matching are able to approach fragment similarity, what is missing and what is necessary to be further developed.
IL-8 associates with a pro-angiogenic and mesenchymal subtype in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by a high rate of vascularization. However, therapeutic targeting of the vasculature through anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment has been disappointing, for which Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) upregulation has partly been held accountable. In this study we therefore explored the interplay of Ang-2 and VEGFA and their effect on angiogenesis in GBM, especially in the context of molecular subclasses. In a large patient cohort we identified that especially combined high expression of Ang-2 and VEGFA predicted poor overall survival of GBM patients. The high expression of both factors was also associated with increased IL-8 expression in GBM tissues, but in vitro stimulation with Ang-2 and/or VEGFA did not indicate tumor or endothelial cell-specific IL-8 responses. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) of the mesenchymal (MES) subtype showed dramatically higher expression of IL8 when compared to proneural (PN) GSCs. Secreted IL-8 derived from MES GSCs induced endothelial proliferation and tube formation, and the MES GBMs had increased counts of proliferating endothelial cells. Our results highlight a critical pro-angiogenic role of IL-8 in MES GBMs.
A Dynamic History of Climate Change and Human Impact on the Environment from Keālia Pond, Maui, Hawaiian Islands

High-resolution palynological, charcoal, and sedimentological analysis of a sediment core from Keālia Pond, Maui, coupled with archaeological and historical records, provides a detailed chronology of vegetation and climate change since before human arrival. These records provide new evidence for human–environment linkages during the Hawaiian Polynesian period and subsequent European period. Prior to human arrival, the charcoal record indicates that native forests were subject to natural fires. A shift from dry to wet climate conditions marked the beginning of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) as evidenced by a precipitation reconstruction based on a pollen abundance index. Charcoal increases around AD 840–1140 signal the presence of Polynesians in the Keālia Pond region, but there is no evidence of rapid and extensive forest clearance immediately after Polynesian arrival. The greatest reduction in pollen diversity at Keālia Pond occurred during the European period (post 1778), at which point the pollen record indicates that montane forest taxa declined, native lowland taxa disappeared from the record, and nonnative taxa Prosopis and Batis made their first appearances. Accounts by early Europeans during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries provide a historical narrative supporting the interpretation that European impacts on vegetation were widespread, whereas in this region of Maui, Polynesian impacts on vegetation appear largely confined to the lowlands.
Power Scaling of Narrow-Linewidth Fiber Amplifier Seeded by Yb-Doped Random Fiber Laser

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a 2.4-kW narrow-linewidth amplifier seeded by a random fiber laser (RFL) with Yb-doped fiber gain. The high power lasing is realized by employing a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration, a full width at half-maximum linewidth of 0.23 nm and a beam quality of M 2 = 1.28 are obtained at the maximum output. Theoretical models for the spectral evolution in high-power fiber amplifiers seeded by RFL are also proposed. It is found that spectral broadening exists in high-power MOPA using RFL as the seed. Meanwhile, spectral broadening can be further suppressed by employing active fiber with shorter length or larger core diameter. The theoretical predictions are in qualitative agreements with the experimental results.
The Health Halo Trend in UK Television Food Advertising Viewed by Children: The Rise of Implicit and Explicit Health Messaging in the Promotion of Unhealthy Foods

Monitoring the creative content within food marketing to children is strongly advocated by public health authorities, but few studies address the prevalence of health-related messaging in television adverts. Food and beverage adverts (n = 18,888 in 2008, n = 6664 in 2010) from UK television channels popular with children were coded and analyzed. Physical-activity depiction displayed an 18.8 percentage point increase from 2008 (4.4%) to 2010 (23.2%). Of the food adverts containing physical-activity depiction in 2010, 81.1% were for non-core foods. The appearance of health claims in food adverts in 2010 increased 4.1 percentage points from 2008 levels (20.7% to 24.8%) where the majority of food adverts featuring health and nutrition claims were for non-core foods (58.3%). Health-related (e.g., health/nutrition, weight loss/diet) appeals were used in 17.1% of food adverts during peak child-viewing times, rising to 33.0% of adverts shown on dedicated children’s channels in 2010. Implicit (physical activity) and explicit (health claims) health messages are increasingly prevalent in UK television food advertising viewed by children, and are frequently used to promote unhealthy foods. Policy makers in the UK should consider amendments to the existing statutory approach in order to address this issue.
Recruitment of Individuals With Dementia and Their Carers for Social Research: Lessons Learned From Nine Studies.

Many health and social care research studies report difficulties recruiting sufficient numbers of participants, adding to time and money expenditures and potentially jeopardizing the generalizability of findings. The current article reports the effectiveness and resource requirements of recruitment strategies used in nine dementia-related studies conducted in Australia. Articles, notices, or advertisements in targeted specialist newsletters were the most cost-effective method of recruitment. The use of service providers to aid recruitment yielded mixed results, but was lengthy in terms of research time. Online and social media were low cost but not reliably effective in terms of recruitment potential. Despite using multiple strategies to maximize recruitment, significant challenges were encountered achieving the required sample sizes; in most cases these challenges resulted in delays in the recruitment phase. Implications for researchers in the fields of dementia and general social/health research are discussed. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2018; 11(3):119-128. ].
Fully Dynamic Effective Resistances

In this paper we consider the \emph{fully-dynamic} All-Pairs Effective Resistance problem, where the goal is to maintain effective resistances on a graph $G$ among any pair of query vertices under an intermixed sequence of edge insertions and deletions in $G$. The effective resistance between a pair of vertices is a physics-motivated quantity that encapsulates both the congestion and the dilation of a flow. It is directly related to random walks, and it has been instrumental in the recent works for designing fast algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems, graph sparsification, and network science. We give a data-structure that maintains $(1+\epsilon)$-approximations to all-pair effective resistances of a fully-dynamic unweighted, undirected multi-graph $G$ with $\tilde{O}(m^{4/5}\epsilon^{-4})$ expected amortized update and query time, against an oblivious adversary. Key to our result is the maintenance of a dynamic \emph{Schur complement}~(also known as vertex resistance sparsifier) onto a set of terminal vertices of our choice. This maintenance is obtained (1) by interpreting the Schur complement as a sum of random walks and (2) by randomly picking the vertex subset into which the sparsifier is constructed. We can then show that each update in the graph affects a small number of such walks, which in turn leads to our sub-linear update time. We believe that this local representation of vertex sparsifiers may be of independent interest.
Issues in Estimating the Employment Generated by Energy Sector Activities

Many recent studies and reports on the performance of the energy sector have focused on the employment generated by investment. Governments, planning their energy futures, are also interested in the job creation benefits and possible identification of skill shortages that may emerge from a large energy program. Employment created or supported by the energy sector is frequently an issue whenever government support is being considered or provided. The purpose of this issues paper is to provide a guide to using such figures or constructing such estimates, and focuses in particular on illustrating different approaches and methodologies used in the last decade in estimating employment created. The study does not aim to provide definitive estimates of the employment generation potential of different technologies. The paper begins with a brief review of the various reasons why studies have focused on the employment generated by energy sector activities. It then reviews the different categories of employment that are commonly measured and discusses the bottom-up and top-down methodologies widely used for estimating these employment levels. The second half of the paper reviews in some detail certain studies that provide useful insights into methodology, and illustrates some of their typical findings.
Tunable magnetic coupling in Mn-doped monolayer MoS2 under lattice strain

First-principles calculations are conducted to study the electronic and magnetic states of Mn-doped monolayer MoS2 under lattice strain. Mn-doped MoS2 exhibits half-metallic and ferromagnetic (FM) characteristics in which the majority spin channel exhibits metallic features but there is a bandgap in the minority spin channel. The FM state and the total magnetic moment of 1 µB are always maintained for the larger supercells of monolayer MoS2 with only one doped Mn, no matter under tensile or compressive strain. Furthermore, the FM state will be enhanced by the tensile strain if two Mo atoms are substituted by Mn atoms in the monolayer MoS2. The magnetic moment increases up to 0.50 µB per unit cell at a tensile strain of 7%. However, the Mn-doped MoS2 changes to metallic and antiferromagnetic under compressive strain. The spin polarization of Mn 3d orbitals disappears gradually with increasing compressive strain, and the superexchange interaction between Mn atoms increases gradually. The results suggest that the electronic and magnetic properties of Mn-doped monolayer MoS2 can be effectively modulated by strain engineering providing insight into application to electronic and spintronic devices.
Evaluation of Marbofloxacin in Beagle Dogs After Oral Dosing: Preclinical Safety Evaluation and Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Two Different Tablets

The current study evaluates a tested marbofloxacin tablet (MBT) (Petsen), in terms of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics (PK) in a comparison of the commercialized and standard tablet (Marbocyl) in beagle dogs. Four different bacterial species were selected for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against marbofloxacin (MBF). Target animal safety studies were conducted with a wide spectrum of dosages of Petsen. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Petsen were observed after the oral administration of a recommended dosage of 2 mg/kg. The MIC90 of MBF against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus were 2.00, 4.00, 0.25, and 0.50 μg/ml, respectively. These results showed that the MBT has an expected antimicrobial activity in vitro. The main parameters of t1/2β, Clb, AUC0−∞, Cmax, and Ke were 22.14 h, 0.15 L/h, 13.27 μg. h/ml, 0.95 μg/ml, 0.09 h−1, and 16.47 h, 0.14 L/h, 14.10 μg. h/ml, 0.97 μg/ml, 0.11 h−1 after the orally administrated Petsen and Marbocyl, while no biologically significant changes and toxicological significance have been found by their comparison. These findings indicate that the Petsen had a slow elimination, high bioavailability and kinetically similar to the commercialized Marbocyl. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were distinguished on the continuous gradient dosages of 2, 6, and 10 mg/kg in the term of the clinical presentation. The present study results displayed that the tested MBT (Petsen) was safe, with limited toxicity, which was similar to the commercialized tablet (Marbocyl), could provide an alternative MBT as a veterinary medicine in beagle dogs.