Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction: For an anthropology of history

Although Sahlins proposed it over thirty years ago, and notwithstanding various noteworthy contributions in the interim, a concerted anthropology of history has not yet come into being. This introduction, and the case studies which follow it, lay out the interrogatives of such an endeavor by reference to ethnographic and historical studies of Cuba, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, the United States, and early modern Euro-America. The anthropology of history inquires foremost into the very idea of history—the assumptions, principles, and practices that inform the acquisition of knowledge about the past, and its social presentation. Finding the terms to understand alternative forms of history making requires an ethnographic and historical sense of how the Western concept of history (historicism) came to be and how this historicism is, in fact, lodged within a plurality of alternative practices in Western communities. We see the anthropology of history as a large collective interdisciplinary enterprise that will involve archaeologists, historians, and many others in understanding the possibilities of history as a practice and as an analytic.
Core–Shell Structure of Palladium Hydride Nanoparticles Revealed by Combined X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

We report an in situ, temperature and H2 pressure-dependent, characterization of (2.6 ± 0.4) nm palladium nanoparticles supported on active carbon during the process of hydride phase formation. For the first time the core–shell structure is highlighted in the single-component particles on the basis of a different atomic structure and electronic configurations in the inner “core” and surface “shell” regions. The atomic structure of these particles is examined by combined X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), which is sensitive to the crystalline core region of the nanoparticles, and by first shell analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, which reflects the averaged structure of both the core and the more disordered shell. In the whole temperature range (0–85 °C), XRPD analysis confirms the existence of two well-separated α- and β-hydride phases with the characteristic flat plateau in the phase transition region of the pressure-lattice parameter isotherms. In contrast, first shell in.
The role of the pathology department in the preanalytical phase of molecular analyses

After introducing the new molecules for the treatment of patients with tumoral pathology, the therapeutical decision will be taken depending on the molecular profile performed upon the harvested tissues. This major modification makes the molecular and morphological analysis an essential part in the clinical management of patients and the pathologist plays an important role in this process. The quality and reproducibility of the results are imperative today and they depend on both the reliability of the molecular techniques and the quality of the tissue we use in the process. Also, the genomics and proteomics techniques, used increasingly often, require high-quality tissues, and pathology laboratories play a very significant role in the management of all phases of this process. In this paper the parameters which must be followed in order to obtain optimal results within the techniques which analyze nucleic acids and proteins were reviewed.
Successful Treatment of Rapidly Progressing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome with Neurological Complications using Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Corticosteroid

Since the first report of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China, diagnostic methods have evolved. Despite definitive diagnoses, SFTS management has focused on prevention and supportive care. Although conservative treatment is effective for mild cases, there is an urgent need for an effective therapeutic modality to treat severe cases because of the high mortality associated with these. In this study, we report two cases of SFTS with neurological manifestations that fully recovered after a combination treatment consisting of intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroid.
Hydrolysis of Organonitrate Functional Groups in Aerosol Particles

Organonitrate (ON) groups are thought to be important substituents in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Model simulations and laboratory studies indicate a large fraction of ON groups in aerosol particles, but much lower quantities are observed in the atmosphere. Hydrolysis of ON groups in aerosol particles has been proposed recently to account for this discrepancy. To test this hypothesis, we simulated formation of ON molecules in a reaction chamber under a wide range of relative humidity (RH) (0 to 90%). The mass fraction of ON groups (5 to 20% for high-NOx experiments) consistently decreased with increasing RH, which was best explained by hydrolysis of ON groups at a rate of 4 day−1 (lifetime of 6 h) for reactions under RH greater than 20%. In addition, we found that secondary nitrogen-containing molecules absorb light, with greater absorption under dry and high-NOx conditions. This work provides the first evidence for particle-phase hydrolysis of ON groups, a process that could substantially reduce ON group concentration in atmospheric SOAs. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
How is life experienced by teenagers with dyspraxia? : an interpretative phenomenological analysis

13 Background . 13 Methodology . 13 Findings . 13 Chapter 1: Background to the study . 15 Introduction . 16 Background . 16 Definition of terms . 17 Prevalence, impact and aetiology of DCD/dyspraxia . 19 Adolescence . 21 The study context . 22 User involvement . 26 Rationale for the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis. 26 Research question and aims . 27 Summary of the thesis . 27 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 29 Method . 32 How does DCD/dyspraxia affect young people during adolescence? 38 Review of the qualitative literature . 46 Strengths and limitations of the extant research literature . 48 Limitations of the research literature review . 50 Section summary . 50 How easy is it for teenagers with DCD/dyspraxia to access occupational therapy services? 51 Limitations of the review of policy documents and research literature in this section . 59 Chapter summary . 60
Comparative antiproliferation of human prostate cancer cells by ethanolic extracts of two groups of Brazilian propolis

Two groups of propolis, group 12, which was collected in the southeastern Brazil and group 13, which was collected in the northeastern Brazil, were examined for antiproliferation of primary malignant tumor (RC-58T/h/SA#4)-derived human prostate cancer cells and human prostate epithelial cells. The strongest inhibition of RC-58T/h/SA#4 cells was observed in propolis group 13 extracts, whereas moderate growth inhibition was observed in human prostate epithelial cells in comparison with group 12. It can be said that the Brazilian propolis of group 13 contains important chemical ingredients.
Intuitive, but not simple: Including explicit water molecules in protein–protein docking simulations improves model quality

Characterizing the nature of interaction between proteins that have not been experimentally cocrystallized requires a computational docking approach that can successfully predict the spatial conformation adopted in the complex. In this work, the Hydropathic INTeractions (HINT) force field model was used for scoring docked models in a data set of 30 high‐resolution crystallographically characterized “dry” protein–protein complexes and was shown to reliably identify native‐like models. However, most current protein–protein docking algorithms fail to explicitly account for water molecules involved in bridging interactions that mediate and stabilize the association of the protein partners, so we used HINT to illuminate the physical and chemical properties of bridging waters and account for their energetic stabilizing contributions. The HINT water Relevance metric identified the “truly” bridging waters at the 30 protein–protein interfaces and we utilized them in “solvated” docking by manually inserting them into the input files for the rigid body ZDOCK program. By accounting for these interfacial waters, a statistically significant improvement of ∼24% in the average hit‐count within the top‐10 predictions the protein–protein dataset was seen, compared to standard “dry” docking. The results also show scoring improvement, with medium and high accuracy models ranking much better than incorrect ones. These improvements can be attributed to the physical presence of water molecules that alter surface properties and better represent native shape and hydropathic complementarity between interacting partners, with concomitantly more accurate native‐like structure predictions. Proteins 2014; 82:916–932. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomarkers of multiple sclerosis: current findings

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the brain and spinal cord that is associated with chronic inflammation leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. With the recent increase in the number of available therapies for MS, optimal treatment will be based on a personalized approach determined by an individual patient’s prognosis and treatment risks. An integral part of such therapeutic decisions will be the use of molecular biomarkers to predict disability progression, monitor ongoing disease activity, and assess treatment response. This review describes current published findings within the past 3 years in biomarker research in MS, specifically highlighting recent advances in the validation of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers such as neurofilaments (light and heavy chains), chitinases and chitinase 3-like proteins, soluble surface markers of innate immunity, and oligoclonal immunoglobulin M antibodies. Current research in circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of MS is also discussed. Continued validation and testing will be required before MS biomarkers are routinely applied in a clinical setting.
Voluntary Participation and Parents' Reasons for Enrollment in After-School Programs: Contributions of Race/Ethnicity, Program Quality, and Program Policies

Abstract Using data from the state evaluation of Michigan 21st Century Community Learning Centers, this study employed multilevel modeling to examine racial/ethnic and programmatic factors relevant to two aspects of after-school program participation: youths' voluntary participation and parents' reasons for enrollment. The samples consisted of 2,256 fourth- to twelfth-grade youth from 117 programs and 1,849 parents of kindergarten to twelfth-grade participants from 99 programs. Middle Eastern youth reported the lowest voluntary participation rates, while their parents were most likely to enroll them for academics. African- American parents were more concerned about enrolling for academics and childcare than were white parents. After controlling for program quality, the proportion of same-race peers, programs' cultural responsiveness, and attendance policies were also factors in participation.
The Real Interest Rate, the Real Oil Price, and US Unemployment Revisited

The time series evidence on the relationship between unemployment and the real prices of capital and energy is re-examined for US data. In contrast to previous studies, results indicate that the real interest rate matters little, if at all, for equilibrium unemployment. Using a Markov Switching vector autoregressive method proposed by Psaradakis, Ravn, Sola (2005) [JApplEconometrics 20(5), pp. 665-683] to investigate time-varying Granger causality, the paper shows that the real rate helps forecast unemployment during NBER expansions only. Granger causality from the oil price to unemployment occurs in recessions. The results support the view that the price of crude induces at least some recessions, while not being a regular feature of the US business cycle.
Inorganic carbon and pH dependency of Trichodesmium's photosynthetic rates.

We established the relationship between photosynthetic carbon fixation rates and pH, CO2 and HCO3- concentrations in the diazotroph Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101. Inorganic 14C-assimilation was measured in TRIS-buffered ASW medium where the absolute and relative concentrations of CO2, pH and HCO3- were manipulated. First, we varied the total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration (TIC) (< 0 to ~ 5 mM) at constant pH, so ratios of CO2 and HCO3- remained relatively constant. Second, we varied pH (~ 8.54 to 7.52) at constant TIC, so CO2 increased whilst HCO3- declined. We found that 14C-assimilation could be described by the same function of CO2 for both approaches but showed different dependencies on HCO3- when pH was varied at constant TIC than when TIC was varied at constant pH. A numerical model of Trichodesmium's CCM showed carboxylation rates are modulated by HCO3- and pH. The decrease in Ci assimilation at low CO2, when TIC was varied, is due to HCO3- uptake limitation of the carboxylation rate. Conversely, when pH was varied, Ci assimilation declined due to a high-pH mediated increase in HCO3- and CO2 leakage rates, potentially coupled to other processes (uncharacterised within the CCM model) that restrict Ci assimilation rates under high-pH conditions.
Quantitative Vascular Evaluation: From Laboratory Experiments to Point-of-Care Patient (Experimental Approach)

This paper illustrates the evolution of our knowledge of arterial mechanics from our initial research works up to the present time. Several techniques focusing on this topic in terms of our experience are dis-cussed. An interdisciplinary team composed by different institutions from Argentina, Uruguay, France and Spain was created to conduct research, to train human resources and to fulfill the inevitable social role of gaining access to technological inno-vation to improve public health.
Bilateral comparison of barbell kinetics and kinematics during a weightlifting competition.

PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to simultaneously analyze both ends of the barbell with 19 weightlifters (age 18.0 +/- 3.2 years, body mass 84.0 +/- 14.2 kg, height 167.3 +/- 8.7 cm) participating in a weightlifting competition to determine whether there were asymmetries in barbell kinematics and kinetics between the right and left sides of the barbell. The second purpose was to compare barbell-trajectory classification of the snatch and clean lifts between the right and left sides of the barbell. METHODS Barbell kinematic and kinetic data were collected and analyzed with 2 VS-120 weightlifting-analysis systems (Lipman Electronic Engineering Ltd, Ramat Hahayal, Israel). Barbell trajectories (A, B, and C) for the right and left sides were analyzed for each lift. RESULTS No significant difference was found in trajectory classification between sides of the barbell for either lift. The frequencies analysis revealed that type C barbell trajectories were the most prevalent in each lift. When the right and left sides of the barbell were compared during the snatch and clean, no significant differences were determined for any kinematic or kinetic variables. CONCLUSIONS The V-scope system appears to facilitate analysis of barbell kinematics, kinetics, and trajectories during weightlifting competition regardless of which side of the barbell is analyzed.
Automatic segmentation of brain MRIs and mapping neuroanatomy across the human lifespan

A robust model for the automatic segmentation of human brain images into anatomically defined regions across the human lifespan would be highly desirable, but such structural segmentations of brain MRI are challenging due to age-related changes. We have developed a new method, based on established algorithms for automatic segmentation of young adults' brains. We used prior information from 30 anatomical atlases, which had been manually segmented into 83 anatomical structures. Target MRIs came from 80 subjects (~12 individuals/decade) from 20 to 90 years, with equal numbers of men, women; data from two different scanners (1.5T, 3T), using the IXI database. Each of the adult atlases was registered to each target MR image. By using additional information from segmentation into tissue classes (GM, WM and CSF) to initialise the warping based on label consistency similarity before feeding this into the previous normalised mutual information non-rigid registration, the registration became robust enough to accommodate atrophy and ventricular enlargement with age. The final segmentation was obtained by combination of the 30 propagated atlases using decision fusion. Kernel smoothing was used for modelling the structural volume changes with aging. Example linear correlation coefficients with age were, for lateral ventricular volume, rmale=0.76, rfemale=0.58 and, for hippocampal volume, rmale=-0.6, rfemale=-0.4 (allρ<0.01).
The global economic crisis as a critical juncture? The crisis’s impact on migration movements and policies in Europe and the U.S.

The current global economic crisis has resulted in the strongest recession in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries since the Great Depression in the early 1930s and the 1970s oil shocks. This special issue sets out to explore how the most recent economic crisis impacted immigration and immigration-related policy in the United States of America and in European countries that are part of the OECD. The crisis of the late 2000s was offset by the collapse of the subprime US housing market, destabilising the financial system and leading to a sovereign debt crisis. The shock was marked by a “sudden […] deterioration of most, or all, key macroeconomic indicators” such as the gross domestic product (GDP) growth, the unemployment rate, the level of inflation, and the public debt (Starke et al. 2013, 5). The GDP in OECD countries shrank by 3.49% in 2009, whereas it previously had grown by around 2 to 3% annually. Additionally, the unemployment rate in the OECD rose from 5.9% of the total labour force in 2008 to more than 8% in 2009 and subsequent years. During that time, the youth unemployment rate in the European Union (EU), the number of unemployed 15 to 24 year olds, increased steeply from 15 to more than 20%. In countries that were heavily affected by the crisis such as Greece and Spain youth unemployment rose from 20 to over 50% between 2008 and 2012 (OECD 2016). This resulted in a decline in demand for labour force. Common wisdom holds that economic recessions and high unemployment have an impact on the decisions of migrants to move, as well as on governments to consider restrictions in immigration policy. Yet, empirical findings on the crisis-migration nexus are sometimes contradictory and while some find a clear causal link between the crisis and changes in migration patterns and policies, others refute its existence.
Motif prediction in ribosomal RNAs Lessons and prospects for automated motif prediction in homologous RNA molecules

The traditional way to infer RNA secondary structure involves an iterative process of alignment and evaluation of covariation statistics between all positions possibly involved in basepairing. Watson–Crick basepairs typically show covariations that score well when examples of two or more possible basepairs occur. This is not necessarily the case for non-Watson–Crick basepairing geometries. For example, for sheared (trans Hoogsteen/Sugar edge) pairs, one base is highly conserved (always A or mostly A with some C or U), while the other can vary (G or A and sometimes C and U as well). RNA motifs consist of ordered, stacked arrays of non-Watson–Crick basepairs that in the secondary structure representation form hairpin or internal loops, multi-stem junctions, and even pseudoknots. Although RNA motifs occur recurrently and contribute in a modular fashion to RNA architecture, it is usually not apparent which bases interact and whether it is by edge-to-edge H-bonding or solely by stacking interactions. Using a modular sequence-analysis approach, recurrent motifs related to the sarcin–ricin loop of 23S RNA and to loop E from 5S RNA were predicted in universally conserved regions of the large ribosomal RNAs (16Sand 23S-like) before the publication of high-resolution, atomic-level structures of representative examples of 16S and 23S rRNA molecules in their native contexts. This provides the opportunity to evaluate the predictive power of motif-level sequence analysis, with the goal of automating the process for predicting RNA motifs in genomic sequences. The process of inferring structure from sequence by constructing accurate alignments is a circular one. The crucial link that allows a productive iteration of motif modeling and realignment is the comparison of the sequence variations for each putative pair with the corresponding isostericity matrix to determine which basepairs are consistent both with the sequence and the geometrical data. © 2002 Société française de biochimie et biologie moléculaire / Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved
Fibromiyalji Sendromu Olan Kad›nlarda Aleksitimi ve Öfke

SUMMARY: Alexithymia and Anger in Women WithFibromyalgia SyndromeObjective: Fibromyalgia syndrome is characterizted byboth somatic and psychic symptoms and it is suggestedthat psychic factors contribute to the clinical presentationof this syndrome. This study was planned to have a betterunderstanding of fibromyalgia through elaborating therole of alexithymia and anger in the pathogenesis of thisillness. Method: The study was carried out in the PhysicalTherapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic with 101women with fibromyalgia syndrome, 30 women withrheumatoid arthritis and 59 healthy women with nocurrent or past medical history. The subjects wereevaluated by the Visual Analog Scale, Toronto AlexithymiaScale-20 items, Spielberger State-Trait Anger Inventory,Beck Depression Scale, Fibromyalgia ImpactQuestionnaire and a sociodemographic data form. Results: All these groups were similar to each other inmeans of age, years of education, marital and economicalstatus. In the fibromyalgia syndrome group, the scores ofanxiety and anger-in were calculated significantly higherthan other groups. The depression and alexithymia scoreswere found higher than healthy group.
Invariance of firing rate and field potential dynamics to stimulus modulation rate in human auditory cortex

The effect of stimulus modulation rate on the underlying neural activity in human auditory cortex is not clear. Human studies (using both invasive and noninvasive techniques) have demonstrated that at the population level, auditory cortex follows stimulus envelope. Here we examined the effect of stimulus modulation rate by using a rare opportunity to record both spiking activity and local field potentials (LFP) in auditory cortex of patients during repeated presentations of an audio‐visual movie clip presented at normal, double, and quadruple speeds. Mean firing rate during evoked activity remained the same across speeds and the temporal response profile of firing rate modulations at increased stimulus speeds was a linearly scaled version of the response during slower speeds. Additionally, stimulus induced power modulation of local field potentials in the high gamma band (64–128 Hz) exhibited similar temporal scaling as the neuronal firing rate modulations. Our data confirm and extend previous studies in humans and anesthetized animals, supporting a model in which both firing rate, and high‐gamma LFP power modulations in auditory cortex follow the temporal envelope of the stimulus across different modulation rates. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.