Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetrical in vivo transcription of mitochondrial DNA in HeLa cells.

RNA.DNA hybridization experiments utilizing separated strands of HeLa mitochondrial DNA and mit-RNA from HeLa cells exposed to short pulses of [5-(3)H]uridine have shown that the labeled RNA hybridizes with both the light (L) and the heavy (H) strand, though to a different relative extent depending upon the labeling time. Thus, hybridization of pulse-labeled RNA is about equal with the two strands when the pulse is very short (1-5 min), and becomes more and more predominant with the H strand with increasing pulse length. Pulse-labeled fast-sedimenting mit-RNA forms RNase-resistant double-stranded structures up to more than 5 mum long when self-annealed or annealed with an excess of unlabeled mit-RNA. These observations and the previous evidence of complete transcription of the H strand strongly suggest that mit-DNA is transcribed in HeLa cells symmetrically over a considerable portion of its length, with the transcript of the L strand being rapidly degraded or otherwise removed from the mitochondrial fraction.
An Exploration of the Motivations and Expectation Gaps of Mompreneurs

The purpose of this study is to explore the motivations and the nature and scope of the expectation gaps experienced by mompreneurs. An exploratory, qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 20 mompreneurs was undertaken. The results of the analysis indicate that mompreneurs are motivated by unique factors deemed “intrinsic” motivators. This exploratory research supports the existence of entrepreneurial expectation gaps and highlights the need for these expectation gaps to be explicitly considered in future entrepreneurial research. Limitations, applications for practice and theory and directions for future research are also discussed.
The Type I Interferon-α Mediates a More Severe Neurological Disease in the Absence of the Canonical Signaling Molecule Interferon Regulatory Factor 9

Type I interferons (IFN) are crucial in host defense but also are implicated as causative factors for neurological disease. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF9) is involved in type I IFN-regulated gene expression where it associates with STAT1:STAT2 heterodimers to form the transcriptional complex ISGF3. The role of IRF9 in cellular responses to type I IFN is poorly defined in vivo and hence was examined here. While transgenic mice (termed GIFN) with chronic production of low levels of IFN-α in the CNS were relatively unaffected, the same animals lacking IRF9 [GIFNxIRF9 knock-out (KO)] had cataracts, became moribund, and died prematurely. The brain of GIFNxIRF9 KO mice showed calcification with pronounced inflammation and neurodegeneration whereas inflammation and retinal degeneration affected the eyes. In addition, IFN-γ-like gene expression in the CNS in association with IFN-γ mRNA and increased phosphotyrosine-STAT1 suggested a role for IFN-γ. However, GIFNxIRF9 KO mice deficient for IFN-γ signaling developed an even more severe and accelerated disease, indicating that IFN-γ was protective. In IRF9-deficient cultured mixed glial cells, IFN-α induced prolonged activation of STAT1 and STAT2 and induced the expression of IFN-γ-like genes. We conclude that (1) type I IFN signaling and cellular responses can occur in vivo in the absence of IRF9, (2) IRF9 protects against the pathophysiological actions of type I IFN in the CNS, and (3) STAT1 and possibly STAT2 participate in alternative IRF9-independent signaling pathways activated by IFN-α in glial cells resulting in enhanced IFN-γ-like responses.
Difficulties of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in Northern Ireland.

1. In Northern Ireland a campaign to eradicate congenital dislocation of the hip by neonatal demonstration of abnormal laxity and early splintage has been reviewed. The number of live births in the area covered is approximately 30,000 per annum. 2. The results to date suggest that the problem has been greatly over-simplified. The number of established dislocations has not fallen appreciably. 3. Failures have occurred both in early diagnosis and in early treatment. 4. To help close the diagnostic net all children should be screened again during the first year. Infants born by breech presentation and infants with a family history of dislocation should have radiographs taken in the early months, even if clinical tests are negative. 5. With regard to neonatal treatment, early splintage has failed to prevent established dislocation in about 2·4 per cent of the hips so treated. How to detect such resistant cases is an important problem.
4-Chloro-7-Trifluoromethyl-10H- Benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]Indole-1-Carboxylic Acid (TBIC), a Putative BKCa Channel Opener with Uterine Relaxant Activities

In the present study, we examined the uterine relaxant activity of 4-chloro-7-trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]indole-1-carboxylic acid (TBIC), a putative opener of the large conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> (BK<sub>Ca</sub>) channel. TBIC concentration-dependently inhibited spontaneous uterine contractions (EC<sub>50</sub> = 4.63 µmol/l; E<sub>max</sub> = 94.85 ± 1.85%; 100 µmol/l, n = 6). It also reduced contractions induced by oxytocin (EC<sub>50</sub> = 4.10 µmol/l; E<sub>max</sub> = 84.3 ± 3.83%; 100 µmol/l, n = 6), prostaglandin F<sub>2</sub><sub>α</sub> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.14 µmol/l; E<sub>max</sub> = 73.70 ± 5.21%; 100 µmol/l, n = 6) and acetylcholine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 4.37 µmol/l; E<sub>max</sub> = 83.67 ± 4.82; 100 µmol/l, n = 6). TBIC decreased KCl (20 mmol/l) -induced contractions (EC<sub>50</sub> = 3.04 µmol/l; E<sub>max</sub> = 94.0 ± 3.12%; 100 µmol/l, n = 6) indicating its K<sup>+</sup> channel opening activity. BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel blockers penitrem A (100 nmol/l) and tetraethylammonium chloride (1 mmol/l) attenuated the inhibitory activities of TBIC (p < 0.001) but not other K<sup>+</sup> channel blockers such as barium chloride and glibenclamide (K<sub>IR</sub> and K<sub>ATP</sub> channel blockers, respectively). These results demonstrate the uterine relaxant effects of TBIC in a mechanism of action largely referable to the potentiation of the BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels. We have provided evidence for the potential use of TBIC as a tocolytic agent and support for the utility of BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel openers in pathophysiologic conditions involving smooth muscle hyperactivity.
Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership

: Currently, with the profound managerial changes that companies are experiencing, the leader plays a major role in the effectiveness of the organization. This explains why many recent researches are interested in the factors influencing leadership effectiveness. As such, emotional intelligence (IE) is considered us an important element in the development of the company's creative capabilities and explains the Effective Leadership (EL). This proposal is concerned with the case of the ENIE company, which is the Algerian largest electronic company. Our questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 112 managers exercising supervisory functions. The results demonstrate that emotional intelligence has a significant and positive effect on effective leadership.
Let's Use Einstein's Safety Razor, Not Occam's Swiss Army Knife or Occam's Chainsaw

In 1945, Pablo Picasso distilled the essence of a bull. In 1946, Picasso’s 6-year-old niece asked him to draw a buffalo. Picasso told the child that he’d already done it, and he referred her to his drawing of a bull. The girl then asked for pictures of a yak, an impala, and a gazelle. Picasso’s response: see the bull. It’s the essence of all ungulates. The girl then asked for a picture of an animal. See the bull. It’s the essence of all animals. The girl ran away crying. This story did not really happen, but it distills the essence of our concern about Gray, Young, and Waytz’s (this issue) target article. Picasso’s drawing (Figure 1) is so abstract that it is not very informative. One would never know, for example, that bulls have large heads and can be aggressive under some circumstances. Picasso’s drawing is so minimal that it could be a rendering of a variety of male ungulates. Did this one drawing capture the platonic form of bulls, ungulates, or animals? Are other images of bulls, ungulates, or animals now rendered superfluous or uninformative? We don’t think so. We think morality is not a basic-level category, like a chair or a bull, that can be depicted in a single image. We think morality is a superordinate category, like furniture or animals. We agree that harm is enormously important in moral psychology. Harm may be to morality what chairs are to furniture—the most prominent basic-level member of the category. But we see neither pragmatic utility nor a philosophical need to engage in the kind of eliminative reductionism that says that harm is therefore all of morality. As we read their article, Gray, Young, and Waytz (this issue) propose that (a) perceptions of others’ mental states and intentions influence moral judgments, (b) the primary locus of moral judgment is the dyadic template of a moral agent + a moral patient, and (c) all moral judgments are based on perceptions of suffering. We fully agree with the first proposition and say no more about it. We generally agree with the second proposition, and we praise the authors for bringing a powerful new idea into moral psychology. We are persuaded by their empirical studies that human minds easily and frequently interpret actions in terms of agents and patients. We think that dyadic completion is real, interesting, and useful in explaining some otherwise puzzling aspects of moral judgment. The rest of our commentary concerns the third proposition, with which we disagree. Is all moral judgment ultimately reducible to perceptions of suffering by a patient, caused by an agent?
Factor structure of morphological variability in male and female rowers

The paper discusses morphological features of rowers with the aim to establish a rower’s body build model. Three factors were isolated in the factor analysis. Factor 1 related to body mass, body circumferences and adiposity was found to be the highest contributor to total variance in the group of male and female rowers under study. A secondary role was attributed to Factor 2 connected with body length and horizontal reach and – in female sweep rowers – to body circumferences and adiposity. It is supposed that ascribing the highest significance to the most eco-sensitive features results not only from the process of selection of prospective rowers, but is also an effect of strength and endurance training. A tertiary role was ascribed to Factor 3 related to body length parameters, which can be explained by the subjects’ young age and their ongoing physical development.
Estimating marbofloxacin withdrawal time in broiler chickens using a population physiologically based pharmacokinetics model.

Residue depletion of marbofloxacin in broiler chicken after oral administration at 5 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days was studied in this study. The areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to ∞ (AUC0-∞ s) of marbofloxacin in tissues and plasma were used to calculate tissue/plasma partition coefficients (PX s). Based on PX s and the other parameters derived from published studies, a flow-limited physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model was developed to predict marbofloxacin concentrations, which were then compared with those derived from the residue depletion study so as to validate this model. Considering individual difference in drug disposition, a Monte Carlo simulation included 1000 iterations was further incorporated into the validated model to generate a population PBPK model and to estimate the marbofloxacin residue withdrawal times in edible tissues. The withdrawal periods were compared to those derived from linear regression analysis. The PBPK model presented here successfully predicted the measured concentrations in all tissues. The withdrawal times in all edible tissues derived from the population PBPK model were longer than those from linear regression analysis, and based on the residues in kidney, a withdrawal time of 4 days was estimated for marbofloxacin after oral administration at 5 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days. It was shown that population PBPK model could be used to accurately predict marbofloxacin residue withdrawal time in edible tissues in broiler chickens.
Sitagliptin reduces inflammation, fibrosis and preserves diastolic function in a rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a systemic syndrome driven by co‐morbidities, and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Several studies suggesting that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) might be involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure have prompted experimental and clinical investigations of DPP4 inhibitors in the cardiovascular system. Here we have investigated whether the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin affected the progression of HFpEF independently of its effects on glycaemia.
Solutions to the Exploration/Exploitation Dilemma: Networks as a New Level of Analysis

This paper reviews the extant literature on the exploration/exploitation dilemma. Based on a systematic analysis of structural, behavioural, systemic and temporal solutions, the authors are able to show that the learning literature continues to struggle with the question of how exactly an organization can separate exploration and exploitation and at the same time enable necessary knowledge exchange and cooperation between these two notions. Paying closer attention to networks might enable future research to answer this question. In particular, a combination of structural aspects of networks and social ties has the potential to explain how the solutions currently on offer can be implemented successfully, how organizations can combine several of them, and how they can shift between them.
Democracy without Citizens: Media and the Decay of American Politics

This is an analysis of the failure of the interaction between the news media and their audiences to create the democratic potential everyone assumes occurs with such interaction. Drawing illustrations mainly from the Carter and Reagan years, the book shows the dilemma facing the news media and their audience today. The book offers a portrait of citizenship in America, defined by the public's changing levels of political knowledge and participation from 1952 to 1984. Politically unsophisticated, the mass audience prefers simple, symbolic news, which means that journalists can offer little of the detached, detailed explorations of policy issues that would provide the public with the information needed to hold government to close account.
In vivo paracrine interaction between urokinase and its receptor: effect on tumor cell invasion

Numerous studies have linked the production of increased levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) with the malignant phenotype. It has also been shown that a specific cell surface receptor can bind uPA through a domain distinct and distant from the proteolytic domain. In an in vivo model of invasion, consisting of experimentally modified chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a chick embryo, only cells that concurrently expressed both uPA and a receptor for uPA, and in which the receptor was saturated with uPA, were efficient in invasion. To test whether uPA produced by one cell can, in a paracrine fashion, affect the invasive capacity of a receptor-expressing cell, we transfected LB6 mouse cells with human uPA (LB6[uPA]), or human uPA- receptor cDNA (LB6[uPAR]). LB6(uPA) cells released into the medium 1-2 Ploug units of human uPA per 10(6) cells in 24 h. The LB6(uPAR) cells expressed on their surface approximately 12,000 high affinity (Kd 1.7 x 10(-10) M uPA binding sites per cell. Unlabeled LB6(uPA) and 125-IUdR- labeled LB6(uPAR) cells were coinoculated onto experimentally wounded and resealed CAMs and their invasion was compared to that of homologous mixtures of labeled and unlabeled LB6(uPAR) or LB6(uPA) cells. Concurrent presence of both cell types in the CAMs resulted in a 1.8- fold increase of invasion of the uPA-receptor expressing cells. A four- fold stimulation of invasion was observed when cells were cocultured in vitro, prior to in vivo inoculation. Enhancement of invasion was prevented in both sets of experiments by treatment with specific antihuman uPA antibodies, indicating that uPA was the main mediator of the invasion-enhancing, paracrine effect on the receptor-expressing cells.
Effects of Notetaking Pretraining and Test Mode Expectations on Learning from Lectures

Effects of pretraining subjects to use a notetaking system while listening to a lecture were compared with those of giving subjects no pretraining. A second variable was test mode expectation: One-third of the subjects were told they would be given a multiple-choice test; another third of the subjects, an essay test; the final third were told only that they would be tested. A 35-item objective test was given immediately after the lecture and a free recall test was given one week after the lecture. The design was a 2 × 3 factorial with a total of 100 high school students serving as subjects. ANOVAs on performance scores for the objective and free recall tests and scores reflecting the efficiency of the notes themselves showed several significant interactions between the two independent variables. From this study and others, recommendations for educators who wish to improve the notetaking skills of students are included.
Identification of a consensus motif in substrates bound by a Type I Hsp40

Protein aggregation is a hallmark of a large and diverse number of conformational diseases. Molecular chaperones of the Hsp40 family (Escherichia coli DnaJ homologs) recognize misfolded disease proteins and suppress the accumulation of toxic protein species. Type I Hsp40s are very potent at suppressing protein aggregation and facilitating the refolding of damaged proteins. Yet, the molecular mechanism for the recognition of nonnative polypeptides by Type I Hsp40s such as yeast Ydj1 is not clear. Here we computationally identify a unique motif that is selectively recognized by Ydj1p. The motif is characterized by the consensus sequence GX[LMQ]{P}X{P}{CIMPVW}, where [XY] denotes either X or Y and {XY} denotes neither X nor Y. We further verify the validity of the motif by site-directed mutagenesis and show that substrate binding by Ydj1 requires recognition of this motif. A yeast proteome screen revealed that many proteins contain more than one stretch of residues that contain the motif and are separated by varying numbers of amino acids. In light of our results, we propose a 2-site peptide-binding model and a plausible mechanism of peptide presentation by Ydj1p to the chaperones of the Hsp70 family. Based on our results, and given that Ydj1p and its human ortholog Hdj2 are functionally interchangeable, we hypothesize that our results can be extended to understanding human diseases.
Are Markets for Vulnerabilities Effective?

Current reward structures in security vulnerability disclosure may be skewed toward benefitting nefarious usage of vulnerability information rather than responsible disclosure. Recently suggested market-based mechanisms offer incentives to responsible security researchers for discovering and reporting vulnerabilities. However, concerns exist that any benefits gained through increased incentives for responsible discovery may be lost through information leakage. Using perspectives drawn from the diffusion of innovations literature, we examine the effectiveness of market-based vulnerability disclosure mechanisms. Empirical examination of two years of security alert data finds that market-based disclosure restricts the diffusion of vulnerability exploitations, reduces the risk of exploitation, and decreases the volume of exploitation attempts.
Twenty years of prehospital coronary care.

By 1965 the possibility of preventing deaths from arrhythmia among those stricken with coronary attacks was already well established. The realisation that most of these deaths occur shortly after onset and therefore outside hospital led to the recognition that hospital coronary care units were of limited value because most patients who reached them were already either convalescent or moribund. Professor JF Pantridge (then Dr) and I therefore decided to arrange that trained staff with equipment should reach the coronary victim as soon as possible after the onset of the attack. A mobile coronary care unit was introduced in Belfast on 1 January 1966. ' At that time the components had to be assembled to make a defibrillation system available. We soon demonstrated that resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation could be achieved in the prehospital setting.23 The system was successful in reaching the majority of patients early and this reduced the disparity in place and time between the need for coronary care facilities and their availability. Furthermore, deaths during transport to hospital were virtually eliminated among patients receiving prehospital care. During the subsequent years prehospital coronary care systems were established in many parts of the world.4 Some of these units were staffed by physicians but, particularly in the United States, the tendency grew for staffing to be provided by paramedical workers, technicians, or a tiered combination of both. In Britain a unit staffed by specially trained ambulancemen was set up in Brighton in 1971.5 Against the background of these developments it is useful, after two decades, to survey the achievements of prehospital systems and to consider why the principle has been accepted with enthusiasm in some countries and not in others. As experience of the acute phase of infarction in
A Multi-strategy Approach to Protein Structural Alphabet Design

The search for structural similarity among proteins can provide valuable insights into their functional mechanisms and their functional relationships. Though the protein 1D sequence contains the information of protein folding, the performance of predicting the 3D-structure directly from the sequence is still limited. As the increase of available protein structures, we can now conduct more precise and thorough studies of protein structures. Among many is the design of protein structural alphabet that can characterize protein local structures. We use the self-organizing map combined with the minimum spanning tree algorithm for visualization to determine the alphabet size and then apply the kmeans algorithm to group protein fragments into clusters corresponding to the structural alphabet. The intra-cluster and inter-cluster analyses show the significant structural cohesiveness. A comparative study of our alphabet with one of the recently developed structural alphabets also demonstrated a competitive result.