Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Length of Stay, Linguistic Competence, and Media Exposure in Immigrants' Adaptation

Empirical evidence shows that immigrants adapt best in relation to their ability to negotiate between the cultural entities they confront. Factors such as cultural knowledge, length of stay in the new culture, and linguistic competence strongly influence this process. Length of stay and linguistic competence may be essential for cultural knowledge acquisition that, in turn, may be enhanced by mass media consumption. A questionnaire is completed by 576 immigrants (196 Romanians, 179 North Africans, and 201 Latino Americans) investigating time spent in Italy, proficiency in the Italian language, familiarity with Italian and homeland mass media, and acculturation. The authors hypothesize that language plays a central role in the acculturation process and assume that length of stay influences acculturation mostly through linguistic competence and mass media knowledge. A structural equation model is tested to verify the hypothesis. The model results are acceptable, invariant across genders, and partially invariant across ethno-cultural groups.
Negative Life Events in Childhood as Risk Indicators of Labour Market Participation in Young Adulthood: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Background Most previous studies on reliance on social benefits have focused on health, sickness absence, work environment and socioeconomic status in adulthood. Extending the focus to include early life circumstances may improve our understanding of processes leading to educational and occupational marginalisation and exclusion. The aim of this study was to investigate if multiple negative life events in childhood determined future labour market participation, and to identify important negative life events for labour market participation in young adulthood. Methods Of a cohort of 3,681 born in 1989 in the county of Ringkjoebing, Denmark, 3,058 (83%) completed a questionnaire in 2004. They were followed in a register on social benefits for 12 months in 2010-2011. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between negative life events in childhood and future labour market participation, taking into account effects of socio-economic position, school performance, educational plans, vocational expectations and general health. Results A total of 17.1% (19.9% males, 14.4% females) received social benefits for at least 4 weeks during follow-up. Labour market participation decreased with number of negative life events, especially for females: Females who had experienced their parents’ divorce, had been abused, or had witnessed a violent event, showed decreased labour market participation, when adjusting for SES, school performance, educational plans, vocational expectations and general health at baseline. Attributable fractions ranged from 2.4% (parents’ alcohol/drug abuse) to 16.1% (parents’ divorce) for women. For men, risk estimates were lower and insignificant in the most adjusted models. Attributable fractions ranged from 1.0% (parents’ alcohol/drug abuse) to 4.9% for witnessing a violent event. Conclusions Information on childhood conditions may increase the understanding of determinants of labour market participation for young adults. Knowledge of negative life events in childhood should be taken into account when considering determinants of labour market participation and identifying high-risk groups.
The Archaeology of Political Structure: Settlement Analysis in a Classic Maya Polity

List of figures List of tables Preface 1. Studying ancient complex politics 2. Thinking about Maya political structure 3. The Rosario polity 4. Linking Maya politics and settlement 5. Centralization 6. Differentiation and integration 7. Political regimes and microcosms 8. Political stratification 9. Mechanical versus organic solidarity 10. Segmenting versus non-segmenting organization 11. Archaeological study of Maya polities Notes References Index.
Comparison of early plasma RNA loads in different macaque species and the impact of different routes of exposure on SIV/SHIV infection

Various simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)sm/mac and simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strains are used in different macaque species to study AIDS pathogenesis, as well as to evaluate candidate vaccine and anti‐retroviral drugs efficacy. In this study we investigated the effect of route of infection, species of macaques and nature of virus stock on early plasma viral RNA load. We monitored the plasma RNA concentrations of 63 rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) infected with well‐characterised virus stocks administered either by oral, rectal, vaginal or intravenous (i.v.) routes. In SIVmac‐infected macaques, no significant difference in plasma RNA loads was observed between the rectal, oral and i.v. routes of infection. Cynomolgus macaques developed lower steady state SIV plasma RNA concentrations compared with rhesus macaques and no significant difference was observed between rectal and i.v. routes of infection. In SHIV89.6p‐infected macaques, no difference between species or between route of infection was observed with this particular chimeric virus.
Reduced Feedback: Motor Learning Strategy in Persons with Alzheimer's Disease

This study investigated various frequencies of feedback known as knowledge of results (KR) in learning a motor skill. Participants included 21 persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 19 age-matched and education level-matched well elderly individuals who were randomly assigned to two groups; a 100% KR or 33% KR group. The task involved turning a knob that controlled the height of a column on a computer screen to match the height of a target column. Participants with AD who experienced the 33% KR condition performed significantly better in the retention and transfer tasks than those who experienced the 100% KR condition. This suggests that reduced frequency of KR may facilitate the retention and generalization of simple motor skills in persons with mid to moderate levels of AD. Replicating this study using a larger sample size will provide stronger evidence to help guide effective treatment protocols that facilitate motor skill performance.
Students’ Daily Physical Activity Behaviors:The Role of Quality Physical Education in a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of quality physical education (QPET) in a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) which is intended to promote physical activity (PA) behaviors in and outside of schools. Participants were nine elementary physical education teachers and their fourth- and fifth-grade students (n = 1111) in year one, n = 1012 in year 2). The student’s daily PA minutes were assessed using a 7-day PA log. The PE teachers’ levels of QPET were assessed by coding 63 videotaped lessons (Mlessons/teacher = 7.03, SD = .74) using the Assessing Quality Teaching rubrics (AQTR), which consisted of four essential dimensions including Task Design, Task Presentation, Class Management, and Instructional Response. Codes were confirmed through interrater reliability (82.4%, 84.5%, 94%). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, multiple R-squared regression models, and independent sample t tests. The results indicated that the overall QP.
Parent-Infant Interaction in Families on Israeli Kibbutzim

Thirty-eight first-born kibbutz-reared infants and their parents were observed in the parents' living quarters when the infants were 8 and 16 months of age. Although childcare was the primary responsibility of nonparental caretakers (metaplot) rather than either parent, sex differences in parental behavior similar to those observed in the US and Sweden were found. As in these countries, kibbutz mothers were more likely to vocalize, laugh, display affection, hold, and engage in caretaking than fathers were. This suggests that immediate competing demands on the parents' time do not account for the widely-observed sex differences in parental behavior. Whereas American infants (especially boys) develop preferences on attachment behavior measures for the same sex parent and Swedish infants develop preferences for their mothers, these kibbutz infants showed no preferences for either parent, suggesting that the relatively similar involvement of mothers and fathers in childcare in the kibbutz context may counteract the tendency to form preferential relationships.
The Self-Leadership Questionnaire: Preliminary Assessment of Construct Validity

As organizations approach the 21st Century, employee empowerment has become an important concern in coping with current competitive demands. Empowerment demands non-traditional relationships between organizations and their employees. At the heart of empowerment lies employees' ability to lead themselves. However, as important as self-leadership skills are to the success of empowerment programs, no valid measure of self-leadership has been available. Three studies are reported which contribute to the refinement and preliminary validation of a measurement of self-leadership skills. Results, limitations, and a suggested research agenda contributing to practical benefits are discussed.
N 2 O Emissions from Streams in the Neuse River Watershed

C R A I G A . S T O W , * , † J O H N T . W A L K E R , ‡ L Y N E T T E C A R D O C H , ‡ , § P O R C H E S P E N C E , ‡ A N D C H R I S G E R O N ‡ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, and National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
ELL Shadowing as a Catalyst for Change

Acknowledgments About the Author Introduction Section I: Purpose of Shadowing 1. Creating a Sense of Urgency 2. History and Context of Shadowing 3. A Day in the Life of Josue, an English Language Learner Section II: Research Base 4. The Role of Academic Oral Language Development 5. The Importance of Active Listening Section III: Preparation for Shadowing 6. Preparing for a Shadowing Training 7. How to Use the Shadowing Protocol Section IV: Debriefing the Shadowing Experience 8. Analyzing and Reflecting on the Results of Shadowing 9. Using the Results to Leverage Change Section V: Next Steps With ELL Shadowing 10. Next Steps and Follow-up to ELL Shadowing Appendix A: ELL Shadowing Resources Appendix B: Academic Language Development Resources Index
Personal Bias or Government Bias? Testing the Hostile Media Effect in a Regulated Press System

This study examines the hostile media effect in relation to partisans’ perception of the slant of news coverage in a highly regulated press environment—Singapore. We found that partisans in Singapore perceived unbiased news to be in favor of the other side, while the nonpartisans perceived the same news to be neutral. Our findings show that hostile media effects can persist in a restricted press environment where people are aware of the government's control of media coverage. We also found that partisans’ awareness of the government's control of media information contributed to their perception of the article slant as well.
A Tailored Prostate Cancer Education Intervention for Low-income African Americans: Impact on Knowledge and Screening

African American men bear disproportionate burden of prostate cancer (PCa) that can be reduced by early detection. A 15-minute culturally appropriate PCa education intervention developed to communicate effective, relevant, and balanced PCa screening information to low-income African American men was evaluated in men 42 years and older who had not been screened in one year. Of 539 men enrolled, 392 (72.7%) completed the six-month follow-up. Mean age was 54.4±8.9, 34.7% had no high school diploma, and 65.3% earned less than $25,000 annually. Barriers to screening included health insurance (41.4%), discomfort of digital rectal exam (32.1%), and fear of cancer diagnosis (29.9%). Mean knowledge score of 21 points increased from 13.27±3.51 to 14.95±4.14 (p<.001), and prostate-specific antigen screening from 22.1% to 62.8%. Men without high school diploma recorded the lowest post-intervention PCa knowledge and screening rate (47.7%), suggestive of the need for more than a single education session. Annual physicals with free prostate examination can maintain the positive trend observed.
A Critical Evaluation of Spectrum-Based Fault Localization Techniques on a Large-Scale Software System

In the past, spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) techniques have been developed to pinpoint a fault location in a program given a set of failing and successful test executions. Most of the algorithms use similarity coefficients and have only been evaluated on established but small benchmark programs from the Software-artifact Infrastructure Repository (SIR). In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of applying 33 state-of-the-art SBFL techniques to a large real-world project, namely ASPECTJ. From an initial set of 350 faulty version from the iBugs repository of ASPECTJ we manually classified 88 bugs where SBFL techniques are suitable. Notably, only 11 bugs of these bugs can be found after examining the 1000 most suspicious lines and on average 250 source code files need to be inspected per bug. Based on these results, the study showcases the limitations of current SBFL techniques on a larger program.
I–O Psychology and Progressive Research Programs on Intelligence

Scherbaum, Goldstein, Yusko, Ryan, and Hanges’ (2012) conclusions and suggestions are partly based on two observations from extant research on intelligence in industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology. The first observation is that g is overwhelmingly more important in job performance than narrower cognitive abilities. The second observation is that g leads to higher flexibility in adapting to changes. Recent work suggests that both observations are closely linked to the use of theoretical assumptions and specific methods that are not necessarily superior to alternative assumptions and methods that lead to different conclusions (Lang & Bliese, 2009; Lang, Kersting, Hülsheger, & Lang, 2010). We suggest that studying these alternative perspectives is a promising starting point for progressive research programs on intelligence in the context of I–O psychology.
Rapid Fecal Calprotectin (FC) Analysis: Point of Care Testing for Diagnosing Early Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to compare fecal calprotectin (FC) levels as measured by a rapid FC assay with those measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from concurrent stool samples. We also attempted to demonstrate a correlation between elevated rapid assay FC levels and the presence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and to define a cutoff FC value which could serve as a basis for diagnosing NEC in the future. Study Design Stool samples were collected for FC analysis at 1 and 3 weeks postnatally and whenever there was clinical suspicion of NEC. Results Rapid assay FC levels were elevated with NEC (3,000 µg/g stool [2075,7875] vs. without (195 µg/g stool [110,440] p < 0.001); and were well correlated with ELISA FC levels (r 2 = 0.89). Conclusion We present the first data showing that rapid assay FC levels are potentially useful in the bedside diagnosis of NEC.
Reported planning before and after quitting and quit success: retrospective data from the ITC 4-Country Survey.

Planning before quitting smoking is widely believed to be beneficial and is usually recommended in cessation counseling, but there is little evidence on the efficacy of specific planning activities. Using data from 1140 respondents who reported quit attempts at Wave 8 of the ITC 4-Country Survey, we analyzed use of 8 specific planning strategies before (5) and after (3) implementation of a quit attempt, in relation to cessation outcomes, delay in implementation of the attempt, and recent quitting history. Most participants reported some planning both before and after quitting, even among those reporting quitting 'spontaneously. ' Younger smokers, those who cut down before quitting, and users of stop-smoking medication were more likely to report planning. Those who planned prequit were also more likely to plan postquit. Unexpectedly, we found no clear benefit of planning on short-term (1 month) cessation outcomes, whereas one prequit strategy (practicing not smoking) was negatively related to outcome. There was evidence for a predicted moderating effect of recent quitting experience on planning for the prequit task 'practice replacement strategies. ' This predicted quit success among those with multiple quit attempts in the past year, but failure among those without. This finding suggests that the quality of planning may be critical. More research, particularly on the moderating effect of quit experience, and where measures of planning are collected before outcomes become evident, is needed before clear recommendations can be made on the utility of various forms of planning for the success of quit attempts.
Optimal Space-time Tradeoffs for Inverted Indexes

Inverted indexes are usually represented by dividing posting lists into constant-sized blocks and representing them with an encoder for sequences of integers. Different encoders yield a different point in the space-time trade-off curve, with the fastest being several times larger than the most space-efficient. An important design decision for an index is thus the choice of the fastest encoding method such that the index fits in the available memory. However, a better usage of the space budget could be obtained by using faster encoders for frequently accessed blocks, and more space-efficient ones those that are rarely accessed. To perform this choice optimally, we introduce a linear time algorithm that, given a query distribution and a set of encoders, selects the best encoder for each index block to obtain the lowest expected query processing time respecting a given space constraint. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach we perform an extensive experimental analysis, which shows that our algorithm produces indexes which are significantly faster than single-encoder indexes under several query processing strategies, while respecting the same space constraints.
Recurrent Benign Lymphocytic (Mollaret) Meningitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background:Aseptic meningitis is one of the most infrequent neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with multifactorial etiologies including medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, azathioprine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasole, as well as viruses and malignancy. Recurrent aseptic meningitis in SLE is rare, and remains a diagnostic challenge. Methods:We report a unique SLE patient with recurrent (10 episodes), benign (self-limited) lymphocytic aseptic meningitis, which suggests the diagnosis of Mollaret meningitis. There was no prior use of medications known to provoke meningitis. No infectious etiology was identified and chronic meningitis was not observed. The patient had spontaneous resolution of symptoms with no neurologic sequelae. Conclusion:Recurrent benign lymphocytic aseptic meningitis is recognized in this SLE patient. We propose that noninfectious Mollaret meningitis be classified as a feature of neuropsychiatric SLE syndromes.
Finding influential users of online health communities: a new metric based on sentiment influence.

OBJECTIVE Online health communities (OHCs) have become a major source of support for people with health problems. This research tries to improve our understanding of social influence and to identify influential users in OHCs. The outcome can facilitate OHC management, improve community sustainability, and eventually benefit OHC users. METHODS Through text mining and sentiment analysis of users' online interactions, the research revealed sentiment dynamics in threaded discussions. A novel metric--the number of influential responding replies--was proposed to directly measure a user's ability to affect the sentiment of others. RESULTS Using the dataset from a popular OHC, the research demonstrated that the proposed metric is highly effective in identifying influential users. In addition, combining the metric with other traditional measures further improves the identification of influential users.
Can Associative and Dissociative Strategies Affect the Swimming Performance of Recreational Swimmers

This study examined the effects of association and both internal and external dissociation on the performance, perceived fatigue, and rate of exertion of recreational swimmers during two swimming trials. Before the first swim, 69 participants completed a self-report questionnaire. After the first swim, participants were assigned to one of four groups equated with swim performance times: control, associative, internal dissociative, and external dissociative groups. After completing both the first and second swims, participants completed the Rate of Perceived Exertion, Perceived Fatigue Test, and Subjective Appraisal of Cognitive Strategies. Results showed that the group assigned to the associative strategy swam significantly faster (p < .05) than the control group. No changes were found in perceived fatigue and perceived rating of exertion among the groups between the first and second swim. These findings support the position that associative thinking is an important cognitive strategy in timed performances.
The Narrative Construction of Differing Conceptions of the Person in the Development of Young Children's Social Understanding

The study reported here used a systematic interpretive analysis of young children's spontaneous narratives to investigate the development of their conceptions of the person. We argue that currently predominant approaches to this subject in social cognition research are insufficiently sociocultural and need to be broadened and reoriented (a) to capture the social (rather than purely mentalistic) dimension inherent in any conception of the person, (b) to examine how the development of children's conception of the person involves the selective appropriation of culturally elaborated models of personhood, and therefore (c) to recognize that children develop and employ different conceptions of the person, in ways that are socioculturally patterned. The study examined a body of 598 stories generated by 30 preschool children (5 girls and 5 boys in 3 age cohorts: 3s, 4s, and 5s) through a storytelling and story-acting practice that was a regular (but voluntary) part of their classroom activities for the entire school year. Analyses indicated that in their narratives the girls and boys constructed and elaborated two distinctive gender-related conceptions of the person: girls a socially embedded and interdependent person, who becomes increasingly individuated and self-consciously responsible; boys a separate and agonistic person, who increasingly becomes a stable, autonomous, and self-conscious mental agent. Typologies are presented to delineate and compare the developmental pathways of these two gender-related models of personhood. Some implications for early childhood education are also discussed.