Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory generation of new parthenogenetic lineages supports contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia

Contagious parthenogenesis—a process involving rare functional males produced by a parthenogenetic lineage which mate with coexisting sexual females resulting in fertile parthenogenetic offspring—is one of the most striking mechanisms responsible for the generation of new parthenogenetic lineages. Populations of the parthenogenetic diploid brine shrimp Artemia produce fully functional males in low proportions. The evolutionary role of these so-called Artemia rare males is, however, unknown. Here we investigate whether new parthenogenetic clones could be obtained in the laboratory by mating these rare males with sexual females. We assessed the survival and sex ratio of the hybrid ovoviviparous offspring from previous crosses between rare males and females from all Asiatic sexual species, carried out cross-mating experiments between F1 hybrid individuals to assess their fertility, and estimated the viability and the reproductive mode of the resulting F2 offspring. Molecular analysis confirmed the parentage of hybrid parthenogenetic F2. Our study documents the first laboratory synthesis of new parthenogenetic lineages in Artemia and supports a model for the contagious spread of parthenogenesis. Our results suggest recessive inheritance but further experiments are required to confirm the likelihood of the contagious parthenogenesis model.
Complete intersections and derived categories

We propose a definition of when a triangulated category should be considered a complete intersection. We show (using work of Avramov and Gulliksen) that for the derived category of a complete local Noetherian commutative ring R, the condition on the derived category D(R) holds precisely when R is a complete intersection in the classical sense.
On uniform lower bound of the Galois images associated to elliptic curves

Soit p un nombre premier et K un corps de nombres. Soit ρ E.p : G K → Aut(T p E) ≅ GL 2 (Z p ) la representation Galoisienne donnee par l'action du groupe de Galois sur le module de Tate p-adique d'une courbe elliptique E definie sur K. Serre a prouve que l'image de ρ E.p est ouverte si E n'a pas de multiplication complexe. Pour E une courbe elliptique definie sur K et dont l'invariant j n'appartient pas a un ensemble fini exceptionnel (qui est non explicite cependant), nous donnons une minoration uniforme et explicite de la taille de l'image de ρ E,p .
Third-Degree Price Discrimination and Regulation in the Municipal Water Industry

Beginning with Stigler and Friedland's classic study (1962), economists in the past two decades have shown new interest in the study of public utilities. Among the issues that first received attention were the cost comparisons between the investor-owned and municipally owned utilities (for both electric and water services), and the effect of state regulation on the cost and rate structure of investor-owned electric utilities. More recent issues have included the determination of the rate structure for municipally owned utilities. While studies have emerged for electric utilities-see Peltzman (1971), Mann and Seifried (1972), Mann (1974), Hollas and Friedland (1980a,b)-very little research has been done on the municipally owned water utilities (Mann 1973). This paper will address two previously neglected issues concerning the rate structure for municipally owned water utilities1: (1) the practice of third-degree price discrimination, and (2) the role of state regulation in governing rate structures. Based on the theory of price discrimination, statistical tests have been applied to directly measure the extent of price discrimination and the extent of differences in rate structure between the regulated and unregulated utilities.
Phylogenetic analysis identifies the invertebrate pathogen Helicosporidium sp. as a green alga (Chlorophyta).

Historically, the invertebrate pathogens of the genus Helicosporidium were considered to be either protozoa or fungi, but the taxonomic position of this group has not been considered since 1931. Recently, a Helicosporidium sp. , isolated from the blackfly Simulium jonesi Stone & Snoddy (Diptera: Simuliidae), has been amplified in the heterologous host Helicoverpa zea. Genomic DNA has been extracted from gradient-purified cysts. The 185, 28S and 5.8S regions of the Helicosporidium rDNA, as well as partial sequences of the actin and beta-tubulin genes, were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Comparative analysis of these nucleotide sequences was performed using neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony methods. All inferred phylogenetic trees placed Helicosporidium sp. among the green algae (Chlorophyta), and this association was supported by bootstrap and parsimony jackknife values. Phylogenetic analysis focused on the green algae depicted Helicosporidium sp. as a close relative of Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae), two achlorophylous, pathogenic green algae. On the basis of this phylogenetic analysis, Helicosporidium sp. is clearly neither a protist nor a fungus, but appears to be the first described algal invertebrate pathogen. These conclusions lead us to propose the transfer of the genus Helicosporidium to Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae.
Dynamic Reprogramming of DNA Methylation at an Epigenetically Sensitive Allele in Mice

There is increasing evidence in both plants and animals that epigenetic marks are not always cleared between generations. Incomplete erasure at genes associated with a measurable phenotype results in unusual patterns of inheritance from one generation to the next, termed transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The Agouti viable yellow (Avy) allele is the best-studied example of this phenomenon in mice. The Avy allele is the result of a retrotransposon insertion upstream of the Agouti gene. Expression at this locus is controlled by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the retrotransposon, and expression results in a yellow coat and correlates with hypomethylation of the LTR. Isogenic mice display variable expressivity, resulting in mice with a range of coat colours, from yellow through to agouti. Agouti mice have a methylated LTR. The locus displays epigenetic inheritance following maternal but not paternal transmission; yellow mothers produce more yellow offspring than agouti mothers. We have analysed the DNA methylation in mature gametes, zygotes, and blastocysts and found that the paternally and maternally inherited alleles are treated differently. The paternally inherited allele is demethylated rapidly, and the maternal allele is demethylated more slowly, in a manner similar to that of nonimprinted single-copy genes. Interestingly, following maternal transmission of the allele, there is no DNA methylation in the blastocyst, suggesting that DNA methylation is not the inherited mark. We have independent support for this conclusion from studies that do not involve direct analysis of DNA methylation. Haplo-insufficiency for Mel18, a polycomb group protein, introduces epigenetic inheritance at a paternally derived Avy allele, and the pedigrees reveal that this occurs after zygotic genome activation and, therefore, despite the rapid demethylation of the locus.
Estimating materials parameters in thin-film BAW resonators using measured dispersion curves

The dispersion curves of Lamb-wave modes propagating along a multilayer structure are important for the operation of thin-film bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices. For instance, the behavior of the side resonances that may contaminate the electrical response of a thin-film BAW resonator depends on the dispersion relation of the layer stack. Because the dispersion behavior depends on the materials parameters (and thicknesses) of the layers in the structure, measurement of the dispersion curves provides a tool for determining the materials parameters of thin films. We have determined the dispersion curves for a multilayer structure through measuring the mechanical displacement profiles over the top electrode of a thin-film BAW resonator at several frequencies using a homodyne Michelson laser interferometer. The layer thicknesses are obtained using scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements. In the numerical computation of the dispersion curves, the piezoelectricity and full anisotropy of the materials are taken into account. The materials parameters of the piezoelectric layer are determined through fitting the measured and computed dispersion curves.
A quasi-orthogonal space-time block code

It has been shown that a complex orthogonal design which provides full diversity and full transmission rate for a space-time block code is not possible for more than two antennas. Previous attempts have been concentrated in generalizing orthogonal designs which provide space-time block codes with full diversity and a high transmission rate. In this work, we design rate one codes which are quasi-orthogonal and provide partial diversity. The decoder of the proposed codes works with pairs of transmitted symbols instead of single symbols.
Managerial perspective on the impact of globalization in an African commercial bank: Implications for strategy implementation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived impact of globalization amongst Nigerian bank managers and professionals. Managerial and organizational cognition (MOC) literature is used to evaluated perceptions of impact.Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a survey methodology to gather the information needed to achieve the objectives of the paper. Descriptive statistics and statistical analyses are used to evaluate various relationships.Findings – Respondents view the outcome of globalization as unfair. They also view globalization as endangering the economy and cultural values of Nigeria. However, they see the benefits of globalization in terms of transfer of good management and business practices as well as flow of foreign direct investment. They also seem to believe that globalization is open enough to accommodate other economic and political systems. However, they also believe that globalization hinders nation states to formulate polices favourable to the economy. Simi.
Situated learning: a workplace experience

This article describes the procedures and findings of a study of workplace learning arrangements in a mining and secondary processing plant. The evaluation was conducted on-site between July and October 1993, and involved 15 employees of the plant as participants. The study examined the nature and outcomes of workplace learning arrangements, which comprise formal structured learning arrangements and informal learning arrangements experienced as part of everyday work practice. The article commences by outlining the basis for situated learning. The nature of the research method and sample is described next. Three types of formal findings are subsequently reported, through perceptions of the utility of different components of the learning arrangements, providing a comparative analysis among these arrangements and a basis to speculate how types of knowledge are likely to be generated within these arrangements. These findings are then discussed, along with concerns about the development of conceptual understanding through workplace learning and some observations about the role of personal values and epistemologies associated with engaging in learning arrangements.
The Politicization of Climate Change

For decades, rhetoric has been utilized by both politicians and those in the scientific community to convey either support for or denial of the existence of climate change. This study combined two forms of rhetoric in the forms of both framing and politicization to determine which form of rhetoric is most powerful in influencing a person‟s attitudes and behavioral intentions. Pro climate change frames are expected to increase support for climate change action, while anti climate change politicization is expected to decrease support for climate change action. The results of this study show that select frames have the intended effect of influence on increasing support for climate change measures. Surprisingly, the results also show that politicization that questions the science of climate change has the power to both increase and decrease support for attitudinal measures with regard to climate change. INDEX WORDS: Politicization, Framing, Attitudes, Behavior, Intention, Climate Change THE POLITICIZATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Fat Debtors: Time Discounting, its Anomalies, and Body Mass Index

In view of the finding that debtors are likely to be more obese than nondebtors, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in body mass are, as in the case of debt behavior, related to those in time discounting and time discounting anomalies. The effects of time discounting on body massindex (BMI) and the probabilities of being obese, severely obese, and underweight are detected by incorporating three properties of intertemporal preferences: (i) impatience, measured by the level of the respondents' discountrate; (ii) hyperbolic discounting, where discount rates for the discounting of immediate future payoffs are higher than those of distant future payoffs; and (iii) the sign effect, wherein future negative payoffs are discounted at a lower rate than are future positive payoffs. We also find that body mass is non-monotonically correlated with age, income, and working hours. As a policy implication, body mass can potentially be controlled by changing the intertemporal structure of medical care costs.
A Permanent Income Version of the Relative Income Hypothesis

We propose an overlapping generations economy where households care about relative consumption, the difference between their consumption and the consumption of their reference group. An individual's consumption is driven by the comparison of his lifetime income and the lifetime income of his reference group; hence the paper offers a permanent income version of the Duesenberry's relative income hypothesis. Across households the saving ratio increases with income while aggregate saving is independent of the income distribution. Positional concerns lead agents to over-consume, over-work and under-save. We propose a simple tax schedule that induces the competitive economy to achieve the efficient allocation.
Supporting an Understanding of Mathematics Teacher Educators:Identifying Shared Beliefs and Ways of Enacting Their Craft

Supporting an Understanding of Mathematics Teacher Educators: Identifying Shared Beliefs and Ways of Enacting Their Craft Joseph S. Rino Educational Inquiry, Measurement, and Evaluation, BYU Doctor of Philosophy For many preservice elementary and secondary teachers, the first time they encounter the notion that mathematics can be taught in ways other than what they experienced is in their teacher preparation program. Therefore, the potential impact of the mathematics teacher educator on the understanding and development of preservice teachers is immense, especially as that impact is considered in connection to the various reform efforts related to mathematics education that have spread across the country for the past three decades. Given the scarcity of systematic research focused on mathematics teacher educators, the author sought to understand defining characteristics of that role. He looked specifically for beliefs that mathematics teacher educators have in common as well as shared ways of enacting their craft by interviewing 16 university professors from around the United States who support the learning and development of preservice and inservice mathematics teachers. The beliefs that emerged from this study related to mathematics teaching, the learning of mathematics teaching, and the teaching of mathematics teaching. Potential communities of practice were also identified, through which the enactment of mathematics teacher educators’ craft could be better understood. The specific beliefs and ways of interacting are discussed in terms of how they can support development and reflection among current and prospective mathematics teacher educators, as well as how they can support continued systematic research of mathematics teacher education.
Adipokines Do Not Mediate the Association of Obesity and Colorectal Adenoma

Purpose. The association between obesity and colon neoplasia is well established but the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Rates of both obesity and colon cancer differ by race. Adipokines have been postulated as contributors to the observed association; however, few studies have examined the mediating effect of adipokines on the obesity-colon adenoma association with consideration of racial differences. Methods. We determined prediagnostic levels of adiponectin and leptin in Caucasians (217 cases and 650 controls) and African Americans (175 cases and 378 controls) participating in the Case Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer Colon Adenoma Study. We evaluated mediating effects of adiponectin and leptin on the association of abdominal adiposity and colon adenoma separately according to race using mediational pathway analysis. Results. We observed differences in circulating adipokine concentrations by race; African Americans had higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin than Caucasians for both adenoma cases and controls (P values <0.001). Leptin and adiponectin did not mediate the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adenoma association in either group (all Sobel P values >0.27). Conclusions. We found no evidence that leptin or adiponectin mediates the abdominal obesity-colorectal adenoma pathway. Larger studies on how these associations vary by race, sex, and obesity are needed.
State-Dependency and Firm-Level Optimization: A Contribution to Calvo Price Staggering

We implement a tractable state-dependent Calvo price-setting signal dependent on inflation and aggregate competitiveness. This allows us to derive a New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) expressed in terms of the actual levels of variables - rather than in-deviation from “steady state” form - and thus a specification which is not regime-dependent. A consequence of our approach is that ex-ante all firms face the same optimization problem. This state-dependent NKPC nests the conventional hybrid NKPC form as a special case. Finally, we demonstrate the uefulness of our approach by, first, analyzing the persistence and variability of inflation shocks under different inflation regimes and then comparing our state-dependent and timedependent NKPCs on US data. JEL Classification: E31, E32
Nonstationary Trapped Lee Waves Generated by the Passage of an Isolated Jet

AbstractThe behavior of nonstationary trapped lee waves in a nonsteady background flow is studied using idealized three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations. Trapped waves are forced by the passage of an isolated, synoptic-scale barotropic jet over a mountain ridge of finite length. Trapped waves generated within this environment differ significantly in their behavior compared with waves in the more commonly studied two-dimensional (2D) steady flow. After the peak zonal flow has crossed the terrain, two disparate regions form within the mature wave train: 1) upwind of the jet maximum, trapped waves increase their wavelength and tend to untrap and decay, whereas 2) downwind of the jet maximum, wavelengths shorten and waves remain trapped. Waves start to untrap approximately 100 km downwind of the ridge top, and the region of untrapping expands downwind with time as the jet progresses, while waves downstream of the jet maximum persist. Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) ray tracing shows that spatial gradien.
Sub-synaptic, multiplexed analysis of proteins reveals Fragile X related protein 2 is mislocalized in Fmr1 KO synapses

The distribution of proteins within sub-synaptic compartments is an essential aspect of their neurological function. Current methodologies, such as electron microscopy (EM) and super-resolution imaging techniques, can provide the precise localization of proteins, but are often limited to a small number of one-time observations with narrow spatial and molecular coverage. The diversity of synaptic proteins and synapse types demands synapse analysis on a scale that is prohibitive with current methods. Here, we demonstrate SubSynMAP, a fast, multiplexed sub-synaptic protein analysis method using wide-field data from deconvolution array tomography (ATD). SubSynMAP generates probability distributions for that reveal the functional range of proteins within the averaged synapse of a particular class. This enables the differentiation of closely juxtaposed proteins. Using this method, we analyzed 15 synaptic proteins in normal and Fragile X mental retardation syndrome (FXS) model mouse cortex, and revealed disease-specific modifications of sub-synaptic protein distributions across synapse classes and cortical layers. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.20560. 001
Threshold E ects From Absorptive Capacity and the E ectiveness of Innovation Policy

In this paper, absorptive capacity e ects of human capital on innovation are introduced into the endogenous growth model. In order to empirically test their relevance, a spatial endogenous sample splitting estimator is proposed. With the help of the proposed model and estimation strategy, we are able to empirically demonstrate the relevance of absorptive capacity e ects on innovation controlling for the direct impact of human capital. Accounting for threshold e ects sheds lights on relevant absorptive capacity-induced di erences in R&D productivity patterns across Europe which would be masked by standard estimation procedures. Moreover, absorptive capacity signi cantly a ects the geographical impact and the relative magnitude of the spatial e ects from regional R&D policy. These results suggest consequences for the economic viability of R&D in lagging areas and the spatial con guration of relative regional development
The Influence of Rivastigmine and Donepezil on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Alzheimer ` s Disease

Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) inhibitors are widely used to treat senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type. The effects of two different AchE inhibitors on the autonomic nervous control of the heart were investigated in 47 patients (33 f, 14 m) with senile dementia of Alzheimer type: 14 patients (12 f, 2 m) received donepezil, 11 patients (7 f, 4 m ) were treated with rivastigmine and 22 untreated patients (14 f, 8 m) served as controls. The root mean square of successive differences of R-R intervals (RMSSD), a time domain parameter of heart rate variability (HRV), was found significantly reduced in patients receiving rivastigmine (24.1 ms ± 17.6 ms; mean ± standard deviation) as compared to controls (40.1 ms ± 25.9 ms; p<0.05). There was a trend of HRV reduction in patients receiving donepezil, which did not reach statistical significance (27.6 ms ± 13.6 ms vs. 40.1 ms ± 25.9 ms; p>0.05). Heart rate and blood pressure were not found influenced by any of the AchE inhibitors. In conclusion, rivastigmine may inhibit cardiac autonomic control when given to patients with Alzheimer`s Disease at therapeutic doses (German J Psychiatry 2006; 9: 133-135).
Systemic Leverage and Homogeneity: Assessing Multifaceted Amplifying Mechanism of Systemic Risk

This paper examines the amplifying mechanism of systemic risk propagation within a nonlinear framework. We focus on the hidden leverage-induced asset value dynamics in the ﬁnancial markets, intertwined with balance-sheet components of the banking system. We propose a systemic leverage index by estimating smooth transition regression models based on the intrinsic element of the ﬁnancial system, off-balance-sheet transaction, and cross-border activities of the Korean commercial banking system. We ﬁnd strong evidence that the ampliﬁcation is more pronounced with the cross-sectional homogeneity in managing systemic leverage as a whole. This observation provides the important policy-oriented implication that an individual bank’s systemic importance can be gauged by its marginal contribution to system-wide homogeneity.