Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase precession of medial prefrontal cortical activity relative to the hippocampal theta rhythm

Theta phase‐locking and phase precession are two related phenomena reflecting coordination of hippocampal place cell firing with the local, ongoing theta rhythm. The mechanisms and functions of both the phenomena remain unclear, though the robust correlation between firing phase and location of the animal has lead to the suggestion that this phase relationship constitutes a temporal code for spatial information. Recent work has described theta phase‐locking in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a structure with direct anatomical and functional links to the hippocampus. Here, we describe an initial characterization of phase precession in the mPFC relative to the CA1 theta rhythm. mPFC phase precession was most robust during behavioral epochs known to be associated with enhanced theta‐frequency coordination of CA1 and mPFC activities. Precession was coherent across the mPFC population, with multiple neurons precessing in parallel as a function of location of the animal. The existence of phase precession beyond the hippocampus implies a more global role for this phenomenon during theta rhythm‐mediated coordination of neural activity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gradients of Absorption-Line Strengths in Elliptical Galaxies

We have restudied line-strength gradients of 80 elliptical galaxies. Typical metallicity gradients of elliptical galaxies are Δ[Fe/H]/Δ log r ≃ -0.3, which is flatter than the gradients predicted by monolithic collapse simulations. The metallicity gradients do not correlate with any physical properties of galaxies, including central and mean metallicities, central velocity dispersions σ0, absolute B magnitudes MB, absolute effective radii Re, and dynamical masses of galaxies. By using the metallicity gradients, we have calculated mean stellar metallicities for individual ellipticals. Typical mean stellar metallicities are ⟨[Fe/H]⟩ ≃ -0.3 and range from ⟨[Fe/H]⟩ ≃ -0.8 to +0.3, which is contrary to what Gonzalez & Gorgas claimed; the mean metallicities of ellipticals are not universal. The mean metallicities correlate well with σ0 and dynamical masses, though relations for MB and Re include significant scatters. We find fundamental planes defined by surface brightnesses SBe, ⟨[Fe/H]⟩, and Re (or MB), the scatters of which are much smaller than those of the ⟨[Fe/H]⟩-Re (or ⟨[Fe/H]⟩-MB) relations. The ⟨[Fe/H]⟩-log σ0 relation is nearly parallel to the [Fe/H]0-log σ0 relation but systematically lower by 0.3 dex; thus the mean metallicities are about one-half of the central values. The metallicity-mass relation or, equivalently, the color-magnitude relation of ellipticals holds not only for the central parts of galaxies but also for entire galaxies. Assuming that Mg2 and Fe1 give [Mg/H] and [Fe/H], respectively, we find ⟨[Mg/Fe]⟩ ≃ +0.2 in most of elliptical galaxies. ⟨[Mg/Fe]⟩ shows no correlation with galaxy mass tracers such as σ0, in contrast to what was claimed for the central [Mg/Fe]. This can be most naturally explained if the star formation had stopped in elliptical galaxies before the bulk of Type Ia supernovae began to occur. Elliptical galaxies can have significantly different metallicity gradients and ⟨[Fe/H]⟩, even if they have the same galaxy mass. This may result from galaxy mergers, but no evidence is found from presently available data to support the same origin for metallicity gradients, the scatters around the metallicity-mass relation, and dynamical disturbances. This may suggest that the scatters have their origin at the formation epoch of galaxies.
Incremental Code Clone Detection: A PDG-based Approach

It has been noted in recent years that the presence of code clones makes software maintenance more difficult. Unintended code inconsistencies may occur due to the presence of code clones. In order to avoid problems caused by code clones, it is necessary to identify where code clones exist in a software system. Consequently, various kinds of code clone detection techniques have been proposed before now. In particular, incremental code clone detection attracts much attention in the last few years, and line-based and token-based incremental detection methods have been proposed. In incremental detections, code clone detection results or their intermediate products persist by using databases, and it is used in next code clone detection. However, no incremental detection technique has been proposed for PDG-based detection, which requires much more time to detect code clones than line-or token-based detection. In this paper, we propose a PDG-based incremental code clone detection technique for improving practicality of PDG-based detection. A prototype tool has been developed, and it has been applied to open source software. We confirmed that detection time is extremely shortened and its detection result is almost the same as one of an existing PDG-based detection technique.
Guidelines for robot-human environments in therapy

In This work we propose guidelines for environmental conditions when using autonomous mobile robots in therapy. We investigate readings from infrared sensors on-board a mobile robot whilst the robot is maneuvering in noisy cluttered environments. Suggestions on how to structure the environment to minimise noise within the robot's sensor readings are given. Effect of different environmental conditions on the infrared readings are catalogued, including boxes and chairs. Specifically, we investigate under what conditions a method developed by Salter et al., which, used infrared sensors to distinguish between the environment and human contact, is reliable. We also discuss related research and how the guidelines proposed here might extend past proposals for using robots in therapy situations to general robot-human environments.
Supplemental Instruction: Understanding Academic Assistance in Underrepresented Groups

ABSTRACT Student retention rates are increasingly important in higher education. Higher education institutions have adopted various programs in the hopes of increasing graduation rates and grade point averages (GPAs). One of the most effective attempts at improvement has been the Supplemental Instruction (SI) program. We examined our SI program relative to three facets: attendance, attendance's influence on final scores, and graduation rates for students who had participated in these courses. These questions were also investigated focusing on specific comparison groups, as we looked into how these effects differed for minority students and nontraditional students compared with those of White and traditional peers. Overall, SI attendance led to positive outcomes— increased final course grades and graduation rates—even after adjusting for previous achievement.
A comparison of supraglottic airway i-gel™ vs. classic laryngeal mask airway in small children

Background i-gel™ is a new single-use supraglottic airway device without an inflatable cuff. This study was designed to compare the usefulness of i-gel™ versus a classic laryngeal mask airway (cLMA) in small children. Methods Sixty-three children (age range : 4-72 months) were randomly assigned to an i-gel™ or cLMA group. We evaluated hemodynamic data, airway sealing ability, the success rate of insertion, and adverse events including an inadvertent sliding out during ventilation. Results Demographic data and hemodynamic data obtained immediately after the insertion of these devices did not differ between the two groups. The success rates for insertion on the first attempt were 77 and 84% for i-gel™ and cLMA, respectively (P = 0.54), and the overall success rates were 87 and 100% respectively (P = 0.14). There were no significant differences in terms of airway leak pressure. The inserted i-gel™ inadvertently slid out in 8 of 31 patients but only one sliding out case occurred in the cLMA group (P = 0.02). There were no differences between the groups in terms of other side effects (e.g., coughing, bleeding) associated with the use of i-gel™ and cLMA (P = 0.75 and 0.49, respectively). Conclusions Oropharyngeal leak pressure and insertion success rate of i-gel™ are similar to those of cLMA. However, i-gel™ is prone to inadvertent sliding out of the mouth in small children. Therefore, it is recommended that the i-gel™ should be secured more tightly to avoid displacement of the device.
Exploring the Fluctuations of Foreign Language Enjoyment in Conversation: An Idiodynamic Perspective

Abstract The main focus of this study was to discern the effect of different topics on the dynamics of one of the main variables of positive psychology, foreign language enjoyment (FLE). To do this, we used an idiodynamic method to explore the rapid moment-to-moment changes of FLE. Seven female university students engaged in a conversation involving both simple and difficult topics, and self-rated their moments of experiencing enjoyment during the conversation process. The results indicate that the dynamicity of enjoyment emerges not only within individuals, but also across individuals intra-personally under the influence of conversational topics. Furthermore, the idiodynamic method provided us with the opportunity to examine the underlying factors of the dynamic fluctuations of FLE and gain a deeper insight into FLE as a dynamic system.
Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin and irinotecan regimen every other week: a phase I/II study in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND A phase I/II study was performed to determine the safety and activity of a capecitabine plus oxaliplatin and irinotecan (COI) regimen using capecitabine concurrently with oxaliplatin and irinotecan in previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received irinotecan on day 1, oxaliplatin (85 mg/m(2)) on day 2 and capecitabine (1000 mg/m(2) orally twice daily) on days 2-6 of a biweekly schedule. Three dose levels ranging from 150 to 180 mg/m(2) were explored for irinotecan in sequential cohorts of three to six patients. Once the recommended dose was determined, a total of 28 eligible patients were planned at this dose level. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients received a median of six cycles. The recommended phase II dose of irinotecan was 180 mg/m(2). Toxicity was manageable: the most common severe toxicities were diarrhoea (24%) and nausea (16%). Of 27 assessable patients treated at the recommended dose, 17 achieved a partial response (overall response rate (ORR) 63%; 95% confidece interval (CI), 44 to 78%), with eight patients undergoing liver metastasectomy. Estimated progression-free survival and overall median survival were 8.5 and 23.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Biweekly COI is feasible and active. Tolerability and ease of administration make the regimen well suited for downsizing hepatic colorectal metastases before curative surgery.
Deep Brain Stimulation

Background:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of neurologic diseases has markedly increased in popularity over the past 15 years. This review primarily focuses on movement disorder applications and efficacy of DBS, but also briefly reviews other promising new and old uses of DBS. Review Summary:A multidisciplinary team consisting of a movement disorders neurologist, a functional neurosurgeon, and a neuropsychologist optimally selects patients for DBS. Patients must be significantly disabled despite optimal medical therapy and be cognitively healthy without significant psychiatric disorders. Although this surgery is elective, it should not be withheld until the patient suffers marked loss of quality of life. Patients must have support from caregivers and postoperatively multiple DBS programming visits may be required. DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) significantly improves motor performance, activities of daily living, and quality of life in advanced Parkinson disease. In addition, STN DBS allows for marked reductions of antiparkinson medication. Stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus is an effective treatment for essential tremor with sustained long-term effects. The GPi may be the preferred site of stimulation for dystonia with movement scores typically improved by 75% in patients with primary dystonia. Conclusions:DBS is an effective surgical treatment for movement disorders with sustained long-term benefits. Further research is ongoing to better understand the mechanism of DBS, refine the hardware to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects, and identify additional applications and new anatomic targets.
First detection of CO lines in a water fountain star.

Context. Water fountain stars are very young post-AGB stars with high velocity water maser jets. They are the best objects in which to study the onset of bipolar jets from evolved stars due to their young dynamical ages. However, none of them has been observed in any thermal lines. Aims. We aim to search for CO lines in the water fountain star IRAS 16342-3814 and investigate the properties of its thermal gas. Methods. The proximity, peculiar stellar velocity and high Galactic latitude of IRAS 16342-3814 make a single dish observation possible. We use the Arizona Radio Observatory 10 m telescope to observe the CO J = 2-1 line and compare the line parameters with those of masers. Results. We report the detection of (12)CO and (13)CO J = 2-1 lines from IRAS 16342-3814. The inferred (12)CO mass loss rate is an order of magnitude lower than the infrared and OH mass loss rates, indicating a very cold and thick O-rich circumstellar envelope around the star. We also find a (12)CO expansion velocity of V(exp) = 46 +/- 1 km s(-1) that is too high for an AGB wind and confirm the systemic velocity of 44 +/- 1 km s(-1). In addition we measure a very low (12)CO/(13)CO line ratio of 1.7. Conclusions. The first detection of CO lines has provided a new way to investigate water fountain stars. Given the high expansion velocity of the CO gas and its relation to maser velocities, we infer that the CO emission region is co-located with the OH mainline masers in the warm base of the optical bipolar lobes, while the high velocity OH 1612 MHz and H(2)O masers are located in the side walls and at the farthest ends of the bipolar lobes, respectively. Further observations are highly desirable to understand the very low (12)CO/(13)CO line ratio.
Neural Substrates of Forward and Backward Associative Priming: A Functional MRI Study

Forward associative priming results of an association moves from the prime to the target whereas back- ward associative priming results of an association from the target to the prime (Koivisto, 1998). Little is known about this dissociation of process and the associated cerebral substrates. Fourteen healthy partici- pants were included in this study. The task consisted in a lexical decision task using an fMRI-adapted se- mantic priming paradigm. Contrasts between forward related and forward unrelated conditions showed activation in the left temporal gyrus, left inferior prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus and occipital regions and cerebellum. Investigation of the different patterns of activation between forward and backward prim- ing shows significant results: during the contrast between the forward priming effect and the backward priming effect, we observe a deactivation of BOLD response in temporal and frontal areas, which may re- flect the post-lexical integration process. So, areas responsible for language and for decoding spelling seem not to be involved in the backward process. An adaptation of this research in event-related brain po- tentials is underway to better explore the temporality of post-lexical process.
Social pervasive systems: The harmonization between social networking and pervasive systems

The recent advancement in mobile device sensor technology, coupled with the wealth of structured accessible data of social networks, form a very data-wealthy ecosystem. Such an ecosystem is rich in bi-directional context that can flow between the mobile and social worlds enabling the creation of an elitist breed of pervasive services and applications. We label the breed resulting from the merger as Social Pervasive Systems (SPS).
Quantifying the quality of web authentication mechanisms: a usability perspective

Users wishing to use secure computer systems or web sites are required to authenticate themselves. Users are usually required to supply a user identification and to authenticate themselves to prove that they are indeed the person they claim to be. The authenticator of choice in the web environment is the simple password. Since the advent of the web the proliferation of secure systems has placed an unacceptable burden on users to recall increasing numbers of passwords that are often infrequently used. This paper will review the research into different types of authentication mechanisms, including simple passwords, and propose a mechanism for quantifying the quality of different authentication mechanisms to support an informed choice for web site administrators.
Medical Semantic Similarity with a Neural Language Model

Advances in neural network language models have demonstrated that these models can effectively learn representations of words meaning. In this paper, we explore a variation of neural language models that can learn on concepts taken from structured ontologies and extracted from free-text, rather than directly from terms in free-text. This model is employed for the task of measuring semantic similarity between medical concepts, a task that is central to a number of techniques in medical informatics and information retrieval. The model is built with two medical corpora (journal abstracts and patient records) and empirically validated on two ground-truth datasets of human-judged concept pairs assessed by medical professionals. Empirically, our approach correlates closely with expert human assessors (≈0.9) and outperforms a number of state-of-the-art benchmarks for medical semantic similarity. The demonstrated superiority of this model for providing an effective semantic similarity measure is promising in that this may translate into effectiveness gains for techniques in medical information retrieval and medical informatics (e.g., query expansion and literature-based discovery).
Non-Abelian BIonic Brane Intersections

withm > 2, it turns out that the matrix algebras contain more representations than is neededto describe functions on the sphere. In fact, in the classical limit (limit of large matrices),the matrix algebras related to even dimensional fuzzy spheres approach the algebra offunctions of the higher dimensional space SO(2k + 1)/U(k). It has been argued that theappearance of these extra dimensions is a consequence of the Myers eﬀect[8]. In thisarticlewestudy ”fuzzy funnel” solutionstothe non-Abelianequationsof motionof the D-string. Our funnel describes
Linkage analysis of processes

This paper presents a methodology for the analysis of the linkage among the processes in an organization. The methodology has three main steps: model construction; connectivity analysis; and structure analysis. The model construction step generates a linkage matrix which is used in the following steps. The connectivity analysis is based on linkage consistency and interprocess coupling metrics, which are defined for each process individually and for all the processes in the organization as a group. The clustering algorithm is based on a linkage intensity measure derived from the linkage matrix. Following a detailed description of the methodology and its metrics and algorithms, the results obtained in a medium‐size software development organization are presented.
‘Not on my vacation’: service encounters between able-bodied and disabled consumers – the case of high-contact service

ABSTRACT The effect of service encounters on customer satisfaction in high-contact services is gaining wider recognition among academics and practitioners alike. In this exploratory study, we aimed at gaining insight into a specific service encounter, namely, between able-bodied and disabled customers. While many studies have addressed the experiences of disabled persons in a plethora of situations, including tourism and leisure settings, the service experience of able-bodied customers sharing a service environment with disabled customers has been overlooked. Using a simple choice experiment, we showed that when given textual information about the expected presence of disabled guests in advance, two-thirds of the able-bodied study participants would be willing to stay in a hotel with a minor to moderate probability of being co-present with disabled guests. However, when a visual aid was provided together with the textual information, this figure decreased significantly. Implications and potential recommendations for policy-makers and hotel managers are presented, as are suggestions for future research. Such research is imperative if better inclusion of disabled tourists is to be achieved, with the resulting realisation of the immense underexploited economic potential of disabled tourism.
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF GALAXIES AT HIGH REDSHIFT

This is the first exploration of the galaxy distribution function at redshifts greater than about 0.1. Redshifts are based on the North and South GOODS Catalogs. In each catalog we examine clustering in the two redshift bands 0.47 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.8 and 0.9 ⩽ z ⩽ 1.5. The mean redshifts of the samples in these bands are about 0.6 and 1.1. Our main result is that at these redshifts the galaxy spatial distribution function fV(N) has the form predicted by gravitational quasi-equilibrium dynamics for cosmological many-body systems. This constrains related processes such as galaxy merging and the role of dark matter in the range of these redshifts.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE SPECIFIC STAR FORMATION RATE OF MASSIVE GALAXIES TO z ∼ 1.8 IN THE EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD SOUTH

We study the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) of mid-infrared selected galaxies in the extended Chandra Deep Field South. We use a combination of UBVRIz′JHK GaBoDS and MUSYC data, deep Infrared Array Camera observations from SIMPLE, and deep MIPS data from FIDEL. This unique multiwavelength data set allows us to investigate the SFR history of massive galaxies out to redshift z ∼ 1.8. We determine the SFRs using both the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity from young, hot stars and the total infrared IR luminosity of obscured star formation obtained from the MIPS 24 μm flux. We find that at all redshifts the galaxies with higher masses have substantially lower specific SFRs (SSFRs) than lower-mass galaxies. The average SSFRs increase with redshift, and the rate of incline is similar for all galaxies (roughly (1 + z)n, n = 5.0 ± 0.4). It does not seem to be a strong function of galaxy mass. Using a subsample of galaxies with masses M* > 1011M☉, we measured the fraction of galaxies whose star formation is quenched. We consider a galaxy to be in quiescent mode when its SSFR does not exceed 1/(3 × tH), where tH is the Hubble time. The fraction of quiescent galaxies defined as such decreases with redshift out to z ∼ 1.8. We find that, at that redshift, 19% ± 9% of the M* > 1011M☉ sources would be considered quiescent according to our criterion.