Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE GO/NO-GO ASSOCIATION TASK

Abstract Theory is constrained by the quality and versatility of measurement tools. As such, the development of techniques for measurement is critical to the successful development of theory. This paper presents a technique — the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT) — that joins a family of existing techniques for measuring implicit social cognition generally, with a focus on attitude (evaluation). To expand the measurement potential supplied by its closest cousin, the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the GNAT can be used to examine automatic social cognition toward a single target category. That is, the GNAT obtains a measure of implicit social cognition without requiring the direct involvement of complementary or contrasting objects. Also, by implementing a response deadline in the procedure, this version of the GNAT trades off response latency for sensitivity as the dependent variable measure. We illustrate the technique through a series of experiments (1–5) using simple attitude objects (bugs and fruit).
On metric sorting for successive cancellation list decoding of polar codes

We focus on the metric sorter unit of successive cancellation list decoders for polar codes, which lies on the critical path in all current hardware implementations of the decoder. We review existing metric sorter architectures and we propose two new architectures that exploit the structure of the path metrics in a log-likelihood ratio based formulation of successive cancellation list decoding. Our synthesis results show that, for the list size of L = 32, our first proposed sorter is 14% faster and 45% smaller than existing sorters, while for smaller list sizes, our second sorter has a higher delay in return for up to 36% reduction in the area.
Patterns of language use and language choice among the Cuban community in Russia

Yakushkina, Maria. M.A., Purdue University, May 2014. Patterns of Language Use and Language Choice among the Cuban Community in Russia. Major Professor: Daniel J. Olson. The multiculturalism of a modern society involves constant interrelations of minority and dominant linguistic communities, which are reflected in language. Within this context patterns of language use and choice, language attitudes and language and identity connection have received special attention from a sociolinguistic perspective to better understand the outcomes of such language contact The aim of the present study is to analyze patterns of language use, language choice, and language identity issues of two groups of Cuban immigrants in Russian society: individuals born in Cuba with both parents of Cuban origin (CC group) and individuals born in Cuba from mixed Cuban-Russian families (CR group). This community presents a unique opportunity for investigation due to several factors: (1) a number of key characteristics of the community, i.e. small size of the population, distance from Cuba with the result in the amount of contact with Spanish-speaking monolinguals, (2) the level of ethnolinguistic vitality of the community in the Russian environment, and (3) strong positive cultural-historical background of Soviet-Cuban relations.
Minimum description length based protein secondary structure prediction

This paper introduces a new algorithm for predicting the secondary structure of a protein based on the protein's primary structure, i.e. its amino acid sequence. The problem consists in finding the segmentation of the initial amino acid sequence, where each segment carries the label of a secondary structure, e.g., helix, strand, and coil. Our algorithm is different from other existing probabilistic inference algorithms in that it uses probabilistic models suitable for directly encoding the joint information represented by the pair (amino acid sequence, secondary structure labels), and chooses as winner the secondary structure sequence providing the minimum representation, or description length, in line with the minimum description length principle. An additional benefit of our approach is that we provide not only a secondary structure prediction tool, but also a tool that is able to compress in an efficient manner the joint sequences that define the primary and secondary structure information in proteins. The preliminary results obtained for prediction and compression show a good performance, which is better in certain aspects than that of comparable algorithms.
N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N′-(3-methylphenyl)succinamide monohydrate

In the title hydrate, C17H17ClN2O2·H2O, the dihedral angles formed by the aromatic rings of the chlorobenzene and methylbenzene groups with the mean planes of their attached NH—C(O)—CH2 fragments are 16.6 (2) and 22.8 (2)°, respectively. In the crystal, O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane.
Classification of Parkinson gait and normal gait using Spatial-Temporal Image of Plantar pressure

The purpose of this paper is the classification of Spatial-Temporal Image of Plantar pressure (STIP) among normal step and the patients step of Parkinson disease. For this, we created a new image data, STIP, that have information of the change of plantar pressure during heel to toe motion (i.e., contain spatial and temporal information for plantar pressure). To get STIP, the walking of 21 patients with Parkinson disease and 17 age-matched healthy subjects were recorded and analyzed using in-shoe dynamic pressure measuring system with comfort walking. For feature extraction of gait, we applied Principal component analysis (PCA) to STIP and calculated weights of STIP on each principal components. Then, we build hard margin Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for gait recognition and test of generalization performance using normalized weights on PCs of STIP. SVM result indicated an overall accuracy of 91.73% by the RBF(Radial Basis Function) kernel function. These results demonstrate considerable potential in applying SVMs in gait classification for many applications.
Exposure of Lymphocytes to High Doses of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Rapid Onset of Apoptosis-Mediated DNA Fragmentation

ABSTRACT We have shown previously that treatment of human lymphocytes with the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) results in dose-dependent G2 arrest, followed 24 h later by apoptotic cell death. Here we demonstrated that for Jurkat cells exposed to high concentrations of Cdt (>0.2 ng/ml) there was a dose-dependent increase in the level of S-phase cells and a concomitant decrease in the level of G2 cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis demonstrated that the S-phase cells did not incorporate BrdU and likely represented cells that arrested in G2 and underwent significant DNA fragmentation. Analysis of the kinetics of the appearance of both S-phase cells and apoptotic cells supported this interpretation. Cells exposed to low doses of toxin exhibited G2 arrest at 24 h, but at 48 and 72 h there were also decreases in the level of G2 cells and concomitant increases in the levels of S, G0/G1, and sub-G0 cells; these changes were paralleled by increased numbers of apoptotic cells. Cells exposed to high doses of toxin exhibited these changes 24 to 48 h earlier. We also examined the relationship between G2 arrest, DNA fragmentation, and activation of the apoptotic cascade. We employed two inhibitors of apoptosis, overexpression of Bcl-2 and the caspase-3 inhibitor zvad. Both inhibitors blocked Cdt-induced apoptosis, Cdt-induced DNA fragmentation, and phosphorylation of the histone H2AX. However, the cells retained the ability to undergo G2 arrest in the presence of the toxin. Thus, it appears that high doses of Cdt induce rapid onset of DNA degradation resulting from activation of the apoptotic cascade.
Mapping Elements of Reinforcement Learning to Human Emotions

Considerable overlap exists between emotion and Reinforcement Learning (RL). Emotion influences action selection while RL selects actions based on their anticipated result. Emotions also provide feedback on a situation, reflecting if the situation is desirable or not. The same type of feedback is given in RL based on the results of a state change. Finally, emotion drives adaptations in behaviour while RL continuously updates its policy based on newly gained experience. Because of this overlap, we theorized that a mapping exists from elements of RL to emotions, such that the occurrence and development of these RL emotions matches that in humans. Theory on emotions shows that complex emotions develop later and habituation can be observed in joy and fear. Further supported by theory on mapping situations to emotions, we mapped joy, hope/fear and confirmation emotions. We showed mathematically and in simulations that the development and occurrence of RL emotions with the mapping we created matches expectations based on emotion theory.
The Comparative Importance of Relationship Oriented vs. Nonrelationship Oriented Factors for Men in the Nontraditional Employment of Nursing.

During the last decade there has been a noticeable increase of interest in the area of flexible gender roles as they relate to work in the home as well as work outside the home. A vast majority of this attention has been focused on women moving into work roles traditionally held by men while the man who works in a profession or occupation with a high proportion of women essentially has been overlooked. This study, using a questionnaire format, contacted one hundred thirty three male alumni from a school of nursing in Southern California. Sixty-one of the men returned the questionnaire for a response rate of 46%. There were five goals of the research project. First, the demographic characteristics of the respondlnts were described. Second, reliable measures were developed and used to test the overall hypothesis that men who pursue nontraditional careers find the relational aspects of their work more important than the financial, power, or prestige components of their job. Third, responses from career and job instructional sets were compared. Fourth, the study attempted to determine what demographic variables relate to men in nontraditional employment, and fifth, the study attempted to identiFy by the use of open ended questions
CUCURBITS GRAFTING AS ALTERNATIVE TO METHYL BROMIDE FOR CUCURBITS PRODUCTION IN MOROCCO

Grafting is a method of asexual plant propagation that joins plant parts for them to live together. So they will grow as one plant. Normally the method has been largely applied to propagate trees that will not root well as cuttings or whose own root systems are not strong enough or resistant to several soil-borne pathogens. Now the method is used for other crops, as vegetables, such as solanaceous plants (tomato, eggplant and pepper) and cucurbits (melon, cucumber and watermelon).
Reconstruction of undersampled radial PatLoc imaging using total generalized variation

In the case of radial imaging with nonlinear spatial encoding fields, a prominent star‐shaped artifact has been observed if a spin distribution is encoded with an undersampled trajectory. This work presents a new iterative reconstruction method based on the total generalized variation, which reduces this artifact. For this approach, a sampling operator (as well as its adjoint) is needed that maps data from PatLoc k‐space to the final image space. It is shown that this can be realized as a type‐3 nonuniform fast Fourier transform, which is implemented by a combination of a type‐1 and type‐2 nonuniform fast Fourier transform. Using this operator, it is also possible to implement an iterative conjugate gradient SENSE based method for PatLoc reconstruction, which leads to a significant reduction of computation time in comparison to conventional PatLoc image reconstruction methods. Results from numerical simulations and in vivo PatLoc measurements with as few as 16 radial projections are presented, which demonstrate significant improvements in image quality with the total generalized variation‐based approach. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Maize Phytoene Synthase Gene Family: Overlapping Roles for Carotenogenesis in Endosperm, Photomorphogenesis, and Thermal Stress Tolerance1[C][W][OA]

Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection; they also serve as precursors to signaling molecules that influence plant development and biotic/abiotic stress responses. With potential to improve plant yield and nutritional quality, carotenoids are targets for metabolic breeding/engineering, particularly in the Poaceae (grass family), which includes the major food crops. Depending on genetic background, maize (Zea mays) endosperm carotenoid content varies, and therefore breeding-enhanced carotenoid levels have been of ongoing interest. The first committed step in the plastid-localized biosynthetic pathway is mediated by the nuclear-encoded phytoene synthase (PSY). The gene family in maize and other grasses contains three paralogs with specialized roles that are not well understood. Maize endosperm carotenoid accumulation requires PSY1 expression. A maize antibody was used to localize PSY1 to amyloplast envelope membranes and to determine PSY1 accumulation in relation to carotenoid accumulation in developing endosperm. To test when and if PSY transcript levels correlated with carotenoid content, advantage was taken of a maize germplasm diversity collection that exhibits genetic and chemical diversity. Total carotenoid content showed statistically significant correlation with endosperm transcript levels at 20 d after pollination for PSY1 but not PSY2 or PSY3. Timing of PSY1 transcript abundance, previously unknown, provides critical information for choosing breeding alleles or properly controlling introduced transgenes. PSY1 was unexpectedly found to have an additional role in photosynthetic tissue, where it was required for carotenogenesis in the dark and for heat stress tolerance. Leaf carotenogenesis was shown to require phytochrome-dependent and phytochrome-independent photoregulation of PSY2 plus nonphotoregulated PSY1 expression.
Personal Experiences and Expectations about Aggregate Outcomes

We use novel survey data to estimate how personal experiences affect household expectations about aggregate economic outcomes in housing and labor markets. We exploit variation in locally experienced house prices to show that individuals systematically extrapolate from recent locally experienced home prices when asked for their expectations about US house price changes over the next year. In addition, higher volatility of locally experienced house prices causes respondents to report a wider distribution over expected future national house price movements. We find similar results for labor market expectations, where we exploit within-individual variation in labor market status to estimate the effect of own experience on national labor market expectations. Personally experiencing unemployment leads respondents to be significantly more pessimistic about future nationwide unemployment. The extent of extrapolation is unrelated to proxies for how informative personal experiences are, and is more pronounced for less sophisticated individuals.
Residential medication management reviews of antithrombotic therapy in aged care residents with atrial fibrillation: assessment of stroke and bleeding risk

Antithrombotics reduce the risk of stroke in individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, optimal prescribing of antithrombotics in older people remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of stroke for aged care home residents with AF and to examine the pharmacist‐led medication reviews on the utilization of antithrombotic therapy.
Optimization of Magnet Shape Based on Efficiency Map of IPMSM for EVs

A study on optimization exemplary for permanent magnet V straight shape of rotor in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is presented, aiming to achieve higher efficiency map in the operating duty cycle US06. The reduction of PM material is valuable as the cost of rare earth is increasing. The finite element analysis (FEA) is used to simulate d- and q-axis inductance, develop the efficiency map at the speed of 4500 and 9000 rpm, and analyze the energy loss. The optimal design process is introduced to reduce magnet material based on the efficiency map of IPMSM produced using FEA. This study has resulted in 20% reduction of magnet size, comparing with the original designs. The FEA result is confirmed by the tests of the prototype machine. As a result, the high-efficiency IPMSM optimizing process is concluded for electric vehicles as providing some reference in the future work.
Explicit word error minimization in n-best list rescoring

We show that the standard hypothesis scoring paradigm used in maximum-likelihood-based speech recognition systems is not optimal with regard to minimizing the word error rate, the commonly used performance metric in speech recognition. This can lead to sub-optimal performance, especially in high-error-rate environments where word error and sentence error are not necessarily monotonically related. To address this discrepancy, we developed a new algorithm that explicitly minimizes expected word error for recognition hypotheses. First, we approximate the posterior hypothesis probabilities using N-best lists. We then compute the expected word error for each hypothesis with respect to the posterior distribution, and choose the hypothesis with the lowest error. Experiments show improved recognition rates on two spontaneous speech corpora.
The Use of Anticipatory Visual Cues by Highly Skilled Tennis Players

The authors examined 13 skilled and 12 novice tennis performers' ability to use visual information of an opponent's movement pattern to anticipate and respond. In Experiment 1, skilled and novice players anticipated the type of stroke and the direction in which the ball was hit in a highly coupled perception—action environment. Both groups of players correctly anticipated at greater than chance levels. Skilled players were significantly more accurate than novices with live and video displays but not with point-light displays. In Experiment 2, the reaction latencies of 10 expert performers were significantly faster when they returned balls hit by a live opponent than when they returned balls projected from a cloaked ball machine. The findings indicate that experts are able to use movement-pattern information to determine shot selection and to use that information to significantly reduce their response delay times. The findings are discussed in terms of perception-action coupling in time-stress activities.
Development of insulitis without diabetes in transgenic mice lacking perforin-dependent cytotoxicity

It is widely accepted that T cells play an important role in the destruction of beta cells leading to autoimmune type I diabetes, but the involved effector mechanisms have remained unclear. We addressed this issue by testing the role of perforin-dependent cytotoxicity in a disease model involving transgenic mice expressing glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV-GP) in the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas. In such mice, LCMV infection leads to a potent LCMV- GP-specific T cell response resulting in rapid development of diabetes. We report here that in perforin-deficient LCMV-GP transgenic mice, LCMV infection failed to induce diabetes despite the activation of LCMV-GP- specific T cells. Deletion of nu beta 6+ T cells in Mls-1a perforin- deficient mice and the activation of LCMV-GP-specific T cells in perforin-deficient LCMV-GP transgenic mice, however, indicated that thymic tolerance induction by negative selection was not affected by the disruption of the perforin gene and that there is no fundamental difference between the T cell repertoires of normal control and perforin-deficient mice. In addition, adoptive transfer of LCMV-GP- specific TCR transgenic perforin-deficient T cells activated by LCMV-GP recombinant vaccinia virus led to marked insulitis with infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells without the development of diabetes. These findings indicate that perforin-dependent cytotoxicity is not required for the initiation of insulitis but is crucial for the destruction of beta cells in the later phase of the disease process. Other mechanisms or soluble factors present in the inflammatory islet infiltrate apparently lack the ability to efficiently induce diabetogenic beta cell damage.
Proteomic profiling of patient‐derived glioblastoma xenografts identifies a subset with activated EGFR: implications for drug development

The development of drugs to inhibit glioblastoma (GBM) growth requires reliable pre‐clinical models. To date, proteomic level validation of widely used patient‐derived glioblastoma xenografts (PDGX) has not been performed. In the present study, we characterized 20 PDGX models according to subtype classification based on The Cancer Genome Atlas criteria, TP53, PTEN, IDH 1/2, and TERT promoter genetic analysis, EGFR amplification status, and examined their proteomic profiles against those of their parent tumors. The 20 PDGXs belonged to three of four The Cancer Genome Atlas subtypes: eight classical, eight mesenchymal, and four proneural; none neural. Amplification of EGFR gene was observed in 9 of 20 xenografts, and of these, 3 harbored the EGFRvIII mutation. We then performed proteomic profiling of PDGX, analyzing expression/activity of several proteins including EGFR. Levels of EGFR phosphorylated at Y1068 vary considerably between PDGX samples, and this pattern was also seen in primary GBM. Partitioning of 20 PDGX into high (n = 5) and low (n = 15) groups identified a panel of proteins associated with high EGFR activity. Thus, PDGX with high EGFR activity represent an excellent pre‐clinical model to develop therapies for a subset of GBM patients whose tumors are characterized by high EGFR activity. Further, the proteins found to be associated with high EGFR activity can be monitored to assess the effectiveness of targeting EGFR.