Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus in gastric adenocarcinomas: association with ethnicity and CDKN2A promoter methylation

Aims: It has been shown previously (by immunohistochemistry) that gastric adenocarcinomas harbouring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) frequently lose p16 protein. This study aimed to examine the mechanisms of inactivation of the CDKN2A gene and correlate the results with clinicopathological features. Methods: Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect CDKN2A promoter methylation in gastric adenocarcinomas from American patients. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the loss of the p16 protein and in situ hybridisation was used to detect the presence of EBV. The tumours were also analysed for the presence of microsatellite instability. Results: Eleven (10%) of 107 tumours harboured EBV in the malignant cells. In gastric cancers without EBV, 32% exhibited CDKN2A promoter methylation and 26% had p16 protein loss. In contrast, 91% of the tumours containing EBV had CDKN2A promoter methylation (p = 0.0003) and 90% showed p16 protein loss (p = 0.0001). The presence of EBV was also associated with male sex (p = 0.03) and was more common in tumours from Texas Hispanics than from non-Hispanic whites or African–Americans (p = 0.01). EBV was not associated with microsatellite instability, histological subtype, stage, or grade of the tumour, or age or survival time of the patient. Conclusions: The presence of EBV in gastric adenocarcinomas is strongly associated with CDKN2A inactivation by promoter methylation. In addition, these findings suggest that there are ethnic differences in tumour virology and pathogenesis.
Routing in undirected graphs with constant congestion

Given an undirected graph G=(V,E), a collection (s1,t1),. ,(sk,tk) of k demand pairs, and an integer c, the goal in the Edge Disjoint Paths with Congestion problem is to connect maximum possible number of the demand pairs by paths, so that the maximum load on any edge (called edge congestion) does not exceed c. We show an efficient randomized algorithm that routes Ω(OPT/poly log k) demand pairs with congestion at most 14, where OPT is the maximum number of pairs that can be simultaneously routed on edge-disjoint paths. The best previous algorithm that routed Ω(OPT/poly log n) pairs required congestion poly(log log n), and for the setting where the maximum allowed congestion is bounded by a constant c, the best previous algorithms could only guarantee the routing of OPT/nO(1/c) pairs. We also introduce a new type of vertex sparsifiers that we call integral flow sparsifiers, which approximately preserve both fractional and integral routings, and show an algorithm to construct such sparsifiers.
Pseudorandomness and Combinatorial Constructions

In combinatorics, the probabilistic method is a very powerful tool to prove the existence of combinatorial objects with interesting and useful properties. Explicit constructions of objects with such properties are often very difficult, or unknown. In computer science, probabilistic algorithms are sometimes simpler and more efficient than the best known deterministic algorithms for the same problem. Despite this evidence for the power of random choices, the computational theory of pseudorandomness shows that, under certain complexity-theoretic assumptions, every probabilistic algorithm has an efficient deterministic simulation and a large class of applications of the probabilistic method can be converted into explicit constructions. In this survey paper we describe connections between the conditional �derandomization� results of the computational theory of pseudorandomness and unconditional explicit constructions of certain combinatorial objects such as error-correcting codes and �randomness extractors. �
Journal of Pediatric Nephrology

Department of Community Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Quantum cat maps with spin ½

We derive a semiclassical trace formula for quantized chaotic transformations of the torus coupled to a 2-spinor precessing in a magnetic field. The trace formula is applied to semiclassical correlation densities of the quantum map, which, according to the conjecture of Bohigas, Giannoni and Schmit, are expected to converge to those of the circular symplectic ensemble (CSE) of random matrices. In particular, we show that the diagonal approximation of the spectral form factor for small arguments agrees with the CSE prediction. The results are confirmed by numerical investigations.
When does the H∞ fixed-lag smoothing performance saturate for a finite smoothing lag?

A notable difference between the H/sup 2/ and H/sup /spl infin// smoothing is that the achievable performance in the latter problem might "saturate" as the function of the smoothing lag in the sense that there might exist a finite smoothing lag for which the achievable performance level is the same as for the infinite smoothing lag. In this note, necessary and sufficient conditions under which such a saturation occurs are derived. In particular, it is shown that the H/sup /spl infin// performance saturates only if the H/sup /spl infin// norm of the optimal error system is achieved at the infinite frequency, i.e., if the worst case disturbance for the infinite smoothing lag case can be arbitrarily fast and thus in a sense unpredictable.
Resolving chronological and temperature constraints on Antarctic deglacial evolution through improved dating methodology

vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Sea level forcing mechanisms 1 1.2 Late Quaternary Antarctic deglacial reconstructions 3 1.3 The difficulties of 14C dating Antarctic sediments 5 1.4 Recent developments of methods for dating Antarctic sediments 7 1.5 Research Objectives 11 Chapter 2: Sediment chronology in Antarctic deglacial sediments: Reconciling organic carbon 14C ages to carbonate 14C ages using Ramped PyrOx 13 2.1 Note to Reader 13 2.2 Abstract 14 2.3 Introduction 14 2.4 Methods 18 2.4.1 Physical setting and sediments 18 2.4.2 Core collection 18 2.4.3 Chronology 19 2.5 Results 21 2.5. 1 Lithology 21 2.5. 2 Radiocarbon Chronologies 23 2.6 Discussion 25 2.7 Conclusions 32 2.8 Organic carbon in Lapeyrère Bay 33 2.9 Analysis of δ13C measurements 33 2.10 Carbonate 14C dating 34 Chapter 3: Sub-ice shelf sediment geochronology utilizing novel radiocarbon methodology for highly detrital sediments 36 3.1 Note to Reader 36 3.2 Abstract 37 3.3 Introduction 38 3.4 Methods 42 3.4.1 Site locations 42 3.4.2 Core description 43 3.4.3 Carbonate 14C analysis 46 ii 3.4.4 AIO 14C chronologies 46 3.4.4.1 Conventional Ramped PyrOx 14C analysis 47 3.4.4.2 Composite Ramped PyrOx 14C analysis 51 3.4.4.3 Isotope Dilution Ramped PyrOx 14C analysis 52 3.5 Results 53 3.6 Discussion 56 3.7 Conclusions 63 Chapter 4: Deglacial record from the western Ross Sea: Ross Ice Shelf instability during the LGM 64 4.1 Note to Reader 64 4.2 Abstract 64 4.3 Introduction 65 4.4 Methods 71 4.4.1 Geologic setting 71 4.4.2 Sediment core descriptions 72 4.4.3 Chronology 75 4.4.4 Environmental reconstruction 77 4.5 Results 79 4.6 Discussion 80 4.6. 1 Evaluating core chronologies and temperature calibrations 80 4.6. 2 Constraints on the timing of ice sheet retreat 83 4.7 Conclusions 90 Chapter 5: Conclusions 92 References 98 Appendix A: Permission to reproduce published works 125 Appendix B: Supplemental information for Chapter 3 127 B1. 14C Blank corrections based on 3-component mixing model of modern blank, dead blank, and sample material 127 B2. Estimation of the fraction of syndepositionally-aged material and its temperature of combustion 129 B3. Isotope Dilution correction 131 B4. A comparison of the propagation of uncertainty for Composite and Isotope Dilution techniques 132 B5. Extended figures and tables 137 Appendix C: Supplemental information for Chapter 4 141 C1. Matlab ® code for the calculation of fSA as defined by Subt et al. (2017) 141 C2. Matlab ® code for the calculation of T1 as defined by Subt et al. (2017) 144 C3. Regional TEX86 calibration study 145 C4. Extended figures and tables 149
Swimming training repercussion on metabolic and structural bone development; benefits of the incorporation of whole body vibration or pilometric training; the RENACIMIENTO project.

INTRODUCTION Enviromental factors such as exercise participation and nutrition have often been linked to bone improvements. However, not all sports have the same effects, being non-osteogenic sports such as swimming defined as negative or neutral sports to practice regarding bone mass by some authors, similarly exercise-diet interaction in especific groups is still not clear. OBJECTIVE To present the methodology of the RENACIMENTO project that aims to evaluate body composition and more specifically bone mass by several techniques in adolescent swimmers and to observe the effects and perdurability of whole body vibration (WBV) and jumping intervention (JIN) on body composition and fitness on this population and explore posible diet interactions. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS 78 swimmers (12-17 y) and 26 sex- and age-matched controls will participate in this study. Dual energy X-ray, peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography, Quantitative Ultrasound, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and anthropometry measurements will be performed in order to evaluate body composition. Physical activity, nutrition, pubertal development and socio-economical status may act as confounders of body composition and therefore will also be registered. Several fitness factors regarding strength, endurance, performance and others will also be registered to evaluate differences with controls and act as confounders. A 7-month WBV therapy will be performed by 26 swimmers consisting of a training of 15 minutes 3 times per week. An 8 month JIM will also be performed by 26 swimmers 3 times per week. The remaining 26 swimmers will continue their normal swimming training. Four evaluations will be performed, the first one in order to describe differences between swimmers and controls. The second one to describe the effects of the interventions and the third and fourth evaluations to describe the perdurability of the effects of the WBV and JIN. CONCLUSION The RENACIMIENTO project will allow to answer several questions regarding body composition, fitness, bone mass and interaction with diet of adolescent swimmers, describe swimming as a positive, negative or neutral sport to practice regarding these parameters and elucidate the effects and perdurability of WBV and JIM on body composition.
Phonological Derivation in Optimality Theory

Sulnmary: Optimality Theory is a constraint-based Iheoly of phonology which allows constraints to conllict aad to be violated. Consequently, implementing the theory presents problems for declarative constraint-based processing frameworks. On the hasis of two regularity assumptions, that sets are regular and that constraints can bc model-. led by transducers, this paper presenls and proves correct algorithms for computing the action of constrainls, and hence deriving surface forms.
Tournament MAC with Constant Size Congestion Window for WLAN

In the context of radio distributed networks, we present a generalized approach for the Medium Access Control (MAC) with fixed congestion window. Our protocol is quite simple to analyze and can be used in a lot of different situations. We give mathematical evidence showing that our performance is tight, in the sense that no protocol with fixed congestion window can do better. We also place ourselves in the WiFi/WiMAX framework, and show experimental results enlightening collision reduction of 14% to 21% compared to the best known other methods. We show channel capacity improvement, and fairness considerations.
Mast cell tryptase as a mediator of hyperresponsiveness in human isolated bronchi

Although the role of mediators and cytokines produced by mast cells is well established in asthmatic bronchial inflammation, the contribution of mast cell‐derived proteases to the development of hyperresponsiveness remains unclear. There have been reports indicating that tryptase alters the mechanical activity of animal airway smooth muscle or spontaneously sensitized human isolated airways.
The Computational and Storage Potential of Volunteer Computing

"Volunteer computing" uses Internet-connected computers, volunteered by their owners, as a source of computing power and storage. This paper studies the potential capacity of volunteer computing. We analyzed measurements of over 330,000 hosts participating in a volunteer computing project. These measurements include processing power, memory, disk space, network throughput, host availability, userspecified limits on resource usage, and host churn. We show that volunteer computing can support applications that are significantly more data-intensive, or have larger memory and storage requirements, than those in current projects.
Presence of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in human atherosclerotic plaques is associated with reduced tissue factor activity.

BACKGROUND Plaque disruption and exposure of subendothelial procoagulants such as tissue factor (TF) to circulating factor VII/VIIa (FVII/VIIa) lead to intravascular thrombosis. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endogenous inhibitor of TF-induced coagulation that binds to factor Xa and the TF-FVIIa catalytic complex in a two-step process. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of TFPI within human atherosclerotic plaque and its role in modulation of TF activity. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured the level of TFPI antigen in human carotid plaque and determined the relationship between TFPI and TF activity within plaque. Furthermore, we examined the biological activity and immunolocalization patterns of TFPI within carotid plaque. TFPI was detectable (TFPI+ group) in 22 of 34 specimens (mean+/-SEM, 404. 4+/-91.8 pg/mg) and undetectable (TFPI- group) in 12 of 34 specimens. In the TFPI- group, normalized TF activity was significantly greater than that in the TFPI+ group (0.28+/-0.04 vs 0.14+/-0.02 U/pg, P=0.002). Furthermore, neutralization of TFPI activity using a polyclonal antibody resulted in an 8-fold increase in TF activity in the TFPI+ group (P=0.001) but had no effect in the TFPI- group. Immunostaining for TFPI showed localization to endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells within the fibrous cap region of the plaque, and macrophages within the shoulder region of the plaque. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that biologically active TFPI is present within human atherosclerotic plaque and is associated with attenuated TF activity.
Structural characterizations of schema-mapping languages

Schema mappings are declarative specifications that describe the relationship between two database schemas. In recent years, there has been an extensive study of schema mappings and of their applications to several different data inter-operability tasks, including applications to data exchange and data integration. Schema mappings are expressed in some logical formalism that is typically a fragment of first-order logic or a fragment of second-order logic. These fragments are chosen because they possess certain desirable structural properties, such as existence of universal solutions or closure under target homomorphisms. In this paper, we turn the tables and focus on the following question: can we characterize the various schema-mapping languages in terms of structural properties possessed by the schema mappings specified in these languages? We obtain a number of characterizations of schema mappings specified by source-to-target (s-t) dependencies, including characterizations of schema mappings specified by LAV (local-as-view) s-t tgds, schema mappings specified by full s-t tgds, and schema mappings specified by arbitrary s-t tgds. These results shed light on schema-mapping languages from a new perspective and, more importantly, demarcate the properties of schema mappings that can be used to reason about them in data inter-operability applications.
Q-valued neural network as a system of fast identification and pattern recognition

An effective neural network algorithm of the perceptron type is proposed. The algorithm allows us to identify strongly distorted input vector reliably. It is shown that its reliability and processing speed are orders of magnitude higher than that of full connected neural networks. The processing speed of our algorithm exceeds the one of the stack fast-access retrieval algorithm that is modified for working when there are noises in the input channel.
Fast optical Layer mesh protection using pre-cross-connected trails

Conventional optical networks are based on SONET rings, but since rings are known to use bandwidth inefficiently, there has been much research into shared mesh protection, which promises significant bandwidth savings. Unfortunately, most shared mesh protection schemes cannot guarantee that failed traffic will be restored within the 50-ms timeframe that SONET standards specify. A notable exception is the p-cycle scheme of Grover and Stamatelakis. We argue, however, that p-cycles have certain limitations, e.g., there is no easy way to adapt p-cycles to a path-based protection scheme, and p-cycles seem more suited to static traffic than to dynamic traffic. In this paper we show that the key to fast restoration times is not a ring-like topology per se, but rather the ability to pre-cross-connect protection paths. This leads to the concept of a pre-cross-connected trail or PXT, which is a structure that is more flexible than rings and that adapts readily to both path-based and link-based schemes and to both static and dynamic traffic. The PXT protection scheme achieves fast restoration speeds, and our simulations, which have been carefully chosen using ideas from experimental design theory, show that the bandwidth efficiency of the PXT protection scheme is comparable to that of conventional shared mesh protection schemes.
Computing Dialogue Acts from Features with Transformation-Based Learning

To interpret natural language at the discourse level, it is very useful to accurately recognize dialogue acts, such as SUGGEST, in identifying speaker intentions. Our research explores the utility of a machine learning method called Transformation-Based Learning (TBL) in computing dialogue acts, because TBL has a number of advantages over alternative approaches for this application. We have identified some extensions to TBL that are necessary in order to address the limitations of the original algorithm and the particular demands of discourse processing. We use a Monte Carlo strategy to increase the applicability of the TBL method, and we select features of utterances that can be used as input to improve the performance of TBL. Our system is currently being tested on the VERBMOBIL corpora of spoken dialogues, producing promising preliminary results.
Cervical MR imaging in postural headache: MR signs and pathophysiological implications.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Postural headache most often occurs after lumbar puncture as post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH) or, rarely, spontaneously as spontaneous intracranial hypotension headache (SIHH). In this prospective study, we used spinal MR imaging to determine the findings that would assist in the diagnosis of PLPH and SIHH and that would further our pathophysiological understanding of postural headache. METHODS The study group consisted of 15 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with postural headache: nine with SIHH and 11 with PLPH. The craniocervical junction and the cervical spine were studied using T2-weighted fast spin-echo and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences in the axial and sagittal planes. Follow-up studies were performed in 13 patients. RESULTS Dilatation of the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus was the most constant finding, present in 17 (85%) of 20 patients with postural headache. Spinal hygromas, whose location as subdural or epidural could not be exactly determined, were present in 14 patients (70%). A focal fluid collection was detected in the retrospinal region at the C1-C2 level in six patients with SIHH and in four patients with PLPH (50%). Tonsillar descent was detected in only one patient, and subtentorial hygroma in five patients. No abnormalities were found in the volunteers. CONCLUSION The MR signs of dilatation of the venous plexus, presence of spinal hygromas, and presence of retrospinal fluid collections can help to establish the diagnosis of intracranial hypotension. They are probably the result of decreased CSF volume, with the retrospinal fluid collections being a transudate from the venous plexus rather than frank extravasation. Resolution of these signs parallels resolution of the headache.
Commentary: Supporting preterm children's parents matters - a reflection on Treyvaud et al. (2016).

Children born preterm or with low birth weight (LBW) grow up with an increased risk for a range of neurodevelopmental, cognitive, socioemotional, and academic problems. While long-term effects of preterm and LBW birth have traditionally been studied from a deficit perspective, Treyvaud et al. correctly state that the increased risk for impairments in this population urgently requires identification of protective factors. Their new findings add to empirical evidence from observational studies showing that sensitive parenting can protect preterm children from negative developmental outcomes. In order to identify strategies that support preterm children's life chances, well-designed longitudinal studies, such as the one by Treyvaud et al., are indispensable. Next, we will need large randomized trials to test the causality between intervention-induced parenting changes and preterm children's long-term outcomes. We need interdisciplinary and international collaboration to study preterm parent-child dyads within multimethod frameworks and uncover the highly complex mechanisms that shape individual developmental trajectories.
Throughput Scaling in Random Wireless Networks: A Non-Hierarchical Multipath Routing Strategy

Franceschetti et al. have recently shown that per-node throughput in an extended, ad hoc wireless network with $\Theta(n)$ randomly distributed nodes and multihop routing can be increased from the $\Omega({1 \over \sqrt{n} \log n})$ scaling demonstrated in the seminal paper of Gupta and Kumar to $\Omega({1 \over \sqrt{n}})$. The goal of the present paper is to understand the dependence of this interesting result on the principal new features it introduced relative to Gupta-Kumar: (1) a capacity-based formula for link transmission bit-rates in terms of received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR); (2) hierarchical routing from sources to destinations through a system of communal highways; and (3) cell-based routes constructed by percolation. The conclusion of the present paper is that the improved throughput scaling is principally due to the percolation-based routing, which enables shorter hops and, consequently, less interference. This is established by showing that throughput $\Omega({1 \over \sqrt{n}})$ can be attained by a system that does not employ highways, but instead uses percolation to establish, for each source-destination pair, a set of $\Theta(\log n)$ routes within a narrow routing corridor running from source to destination. As a result, highways are not essential. In addition, it is shown that throughput $\Omega({1 \over \sqrt{n}})$ can be attained with the original threshold transmission bit-rate model, provided that node transmission powers are permitted to grow with $n$. Thus, the benefit of the capacity bit-rate model is simply to permit the power to remain bounded, even as the network expands.