Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trans-ethnic predicted expression genome-wide association analysis identifies a gene for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 90 susceptibility loci for breast cancer, but the underlying biology of those associations needs to be further elucidated. More genetic factors for breast cancer are yet to be identified but sample size constraints preclude the identification of individual genetic variants with weak effects using traditional GWAS methods. To address this challenge, we utilized a gene-level expression-based method, implemented in the MetaXcan software, to predict gene expression levels for 11,536 genes using expression quantitative trait loci and examine the genetically-predicted expression of specific genes for association with overall breast cancer risk and estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer risk. Using GWAS datasets from a Challenge launched by National Cancer Institute, we identified TP53INP2 (tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2) at 20q11.22 to be significantly associated with ER-negative breast cancer (Z = -5.013, p = 5.35×10−7, Bonferroni threshold = 4.33×10−6). The association was consistent across four GWAS datasets, representing European, African and Asian ancestry populations. There are 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included in the prediction of TP53INP2 expression and five of them were associated with estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer, although none of the SNP-level associations reached genome-wide significance. We conducted a replication study using a dataset outside of the Challenge, and found the association between TP53INP2 and ER-negative breast cancer was significant (p = 5.07x10-3). Expression of HP (16q22.2) showed a suggestive association with ER-negative breast cancer in the discovery phase (Z = 4.30, p = 1.70x10-5) although the association was not significant after Bonferroni adjustment. Of the 249 genes that are 250 kb within known breast cancer susceptibility loci identified from previous GWAS, 20 genes (8.0%) were statistically significant associated with ER-negative breast cancer (p<0.05), compared to 582 (5.2%) of 11,287 genes that are not close to previous GWAS loci. This study demonstrated that expression-based gene mapping is a promising approach for identifying cancer susceptibility genes.
Manipulating individual state during migration provides evidence for carry-over effects modulated by environmental conditions

Despite observational evidence of carry-over effects (COEs, events occurring in one season that produce residual effects on individuals the following seasons), to our knowledge no experimental studies have been carried out to explore how COEs might affect reproductive output. We simulated an environmental perturbation affecting spring-staging migrants to investigate COEs in greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlanticus). During three consecutive years, 2037 females captured during spring staging (approx. 3000 km south of their Arctic breeding grounds) were maintained in captivity (with or without access to food) for 0–4 days. Duration of captivity (but not food treatment) negatively affected reproductive success, probably through stress response. Reproductive success was reduced by 45–71% in 2 years, but not in a third year with unusually favourable breeding conditions. This unprecedented manipulation indicates that COEs can have a strong effect on individual reproductive success in long-distance migrants, but that this effect can be partly compensated for by good environmental conditions on the breeding ground.
Shielding an MCP Detector for a Space-Borne Mass Spectrometer Against the Harsh Radiation Environment in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere

Detectors of scientific instruments on spacecraft flying through Jupiter radiation belts need to be protected from high fluxes of penetrating radiation by means of radiation shields. Electrons constitute the most difficult component of Jupiter’s magnetosphere to shield from, because of their abundance, penetration depth in matter, and intensity of bremsstrahlung radiation generated upon interaction with the shielding material. For the Neutral and Ion Mass spectrometer (NIM) of the Particle Environment Package (PEP) instrument suite on board the European Space Agency’s mission JUpiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE), we devised a shielding design made of an aluminum and tantalum stack to reduce the radiation-induced noise on its Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) detector. To predict the expected radiation background in the mass spectra in space, we manufactured a flight-like shielded detector and submitted it to radiation testing at the Paul Scherrer Institut with an electron beam in the energy range ~ 30 to ~ 345 MeV. The results of this test provide a verification of the NIM capability to fulfill its science requirements in the mission’s worst-case scenario (the Europa flyby), and give insights into new directions of optimization of shielding elements’ design for NIM and similar instrument bound to operate in a harsh radiation environment.
Inadvertent chest tube insertion in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and congenital lobar emphysema-highlighting an important problem

Abstract Background: Chest tube insertion in congenital cystic lung lesions is an important problem in children with acute respiratory distress having a cystic lucent lesion on chest radiograph. Objective: To evaluate the imaging findings and complications in cases of congenital cystic lung lesions with chest tube insertion and suggest the role of appropriate imaging for management of these patients. Materials and Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of children with congenital cystic lung lesions who had inadvertent chest tube insertion preoperatively were retrospectively reviewed for imaging appearances and complications. Results: Fifteen patients comprising 10 cases of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and 5 cases of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) were included. Majority of the cases were infants. CCAM was misdiagnosed as complicated pneumatocele (n = 5) and pneumothorax (n = 5), while CLE was misdiagnosed as tension pneumothorax (n = 5) on the chest radiograph findings. Final diagnosis was made on CT and operative findings with histopathology. Complications noted were pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, and infection in cases of CCAM, and change in imaging appearance and pneumothorax in cases of CLE. Conclusion: Chest tube insertion in congenital cystic lesions increases the rate of associated complications. Chest CT has a definite role in early diagnosis and deciding appropriate management in these cases.
Microelectromechanical digital-to-analog converters of displacement for step motion actuators

This paper presents a novel micromechanism for precise positioning by using an N-bit digital code. The mechanism is an N-stage network of connected suspensions, in which an electrostatic actuator is attached to the longer suspensions of compliance 2C, and N of such unit structures are connected side by side with the shorter suspensions of compliance C. Each actuator is an electrostatic shuttle moving back and forth between the driving electrodes, and is operated by the corresponding digit of the input code. The N-bits of local displacement accumulate in the suspension network to synthesize an analog output, which is proportional to the analog value coded with the N-bit input. The output displacement is independent of the fluctuation of the driving voltage since the traveling distance of the shuttle is clipped by mechanical stoppers. We call the mechanism a microelectromechanical digital-to-analog converter (MEMDAC) since the function is equivalent to the electrical digital-to-analog converter known as the R-2R resistor network. Three different types of MEMDAC's are compared. Preliminary results of a silicon micromachined 4-bit MEMDAC successfully showed a total stroke of 5.8 /spl mu/m with a step of 0.38 /spl mu/m. The positioning resolution can be made finer by simply increasing the number of chained units.
Cmp$im: a Binary Instrumentation Approach to Modeling Memory Behavior of Workloads on Cmps Cmp$im: a Binary Instrumentation Approach to Modeling Memory Behavior of Workloads on Cmps

Chip multiprocessors are the next attractive point in the design space of future high performance processors. There is a growing need for simulation methodologies to determine the memory system requirements of emerging workloads in a reasonable amount of time. To explore the design space of a CMP memory hierarchy, this paper presents the use of binary instrumentation as an alternative to execution-driven and trace-driven simulation methodologies. Using the binary instrumentation tool, Pin, we present CMP$im to characterize cache performance, and data sharing behavior of multi-threaded workloads at the speeds of 4-10 MIPS.
Cloudlet-based cyber-foraging for mobile systems in resource-constrained edge environments

First responders and others operating in crisis environments increasingly make use of handheld devices to help with tasks such as face recognition, language translation, decision-making and mission planning. These resource-constrained edge environments are characterized by dynamic context, limited computing resources, high levels of stress, and intermittent network connectivity. Cyber-foraging is the leverage of external resource-rich surrogates to augment the capabilities of resource-limited devices. In cloudlet-based cyber-foraging, resource-intensive computation is offloaded to cloudlets – discoverable, generic servers located in single-hop proximity of mobile devices. This paper presents several strategies for cloudlet-based cyber-foraging and encourages research in this area to consider a tradeoff space beyond energy, performance and fidelity of results.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in an urban Mexican population.

BACKGROUND The present study was primarily designed to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a Mexican urban population residing in Mexico and to evaluate certain biologic and socioeconomic conditions as risk factors for the development of renal disease. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, which included 3564 patients of either gender aged >18 years, who were randomly selected from lists of patients assigned to primary care facilities in the city of Morelia. A questionnaire about personal current health status, kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease in close relatives, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and blood and urine samples to measure glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine was obtained for each patient. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Patients were classified in 1 of the 5 Ccr categories established by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. RESULTS The prevalence rate of Ccr < 15 mL/min was 1142 per million population, and that of Ccr <60 mL/min 80,788 per million population. Alcohol and tobacco consumption, female gender, age >65 years, educational level < primary school, and income < US $4.00/day were significantly associated with reduced Ccr. CONCLUSION Chronic kidney disease prevalence in this population is similar to that seen in industrialized countries. If these figures are similar to those of the entire Mexican population, only l out of 4 patients requiring renal replacement therapy in the country currently has access to it.
Programming in Vienna Fortran

Exploiting the full performance potential of distributed memory machines requires a careful distribution of data across the processors. Vienna Fortran is a language extension of Fortran which provides the user with a wide range of facilities for such mapping of data structures. In contrast to current programming practice, programs in Vienna Fortran are written using global data references. Thus, the user has the advantages of a shared memory programming paradigm while explicitly controlling the data distribution. In this paper, we present the language features of Vienna Fortran for FORTRAN 77, together with examples illustrating the use of these features.
Feminist Perspectives on Politics

* Introduction * Early Feminist Political Theory and Women's Activism. * Socialist Thinking on Women's Liberation and Women's Activism. * Political Participation and Campaigns. * Black Feminist Critiques. * Lesbian Political Thinking. * Case Study of Women's Situation Within Socialist Context. * Case Study of Politics of Resistance Against Male Violence. * International Feminist Thinking and Campaigns. * Women in Politics - Formal Arenas and Informal Networks. * Conclusion: Drawing Together Threads of Change
Pengaruh Spiritualitas di Tempat Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention Perawat melalui Komitmen Organisasional di Rumah Sakit Islam Unisma Malang

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of spirituality in the workplace against the turnover intention of nurses through organizational commitment. This study used an explanatory research design with cross sectional approach. The sample was nurses who have been working for over a year in the Islamic Hospital Unisma Malang with total 89 nurses. The sampling method used the total population (census). The results of hypothesis testing using path analysis showed that spirituality in the workplace has a positive effect on organizational commitment to perform, organizational commitment negatively affect turnover intention, spirituality in the workplace negatively affect the turnover intention of nurses and spirituality in the workplace indirect effect on turnover intention of nurses through a commitment organizational. Keywords: spirituality in the workplace, organizational commitment, turnover intention
Selective Accumulation of the First Component of Complement and Leukocytes in Ischemic Canine Heart Muscle: A Possible Initiator of an Extra Myocardial Mechanism of Ischemic Injury

Myocardial concentrations of C1q, a subunit of the first component of complement, were measured 5–120 minutes after ligation of a coronary artery in dogs injected with 125I-labeled human C1q and 131I-labeled human albumin. The 131I-labeled human serum albumin was used as a plasma protein marker. Ischemic regions of myocardium were defined by measuring regional myocardial blood flow by the reference sample method at intervals after coronary artery occlusion. Significant accumulations of 125I-C1q were demonstrated in the ischemic myocardium after coronary artery occlusions lasting 45 minutes. Some localization of C1q in ischemic myocardium was observed after a 15-minute occlusion, but the accumulations of C1q achieved in this case were not statistically significant. After coronary artery occlusions lasting ±45 minutes, left ventricular concentrations of C1q correlated reciprocally with regional myocardial blood flow. Moreover, high concentrations of C1q persisted in formerly ischemic segments after reperfusion. Radiolabeled neutrophils also accumulated selectively in ischemic segments relatively rich in C1q. It is suggested that complement activation may initiate the neutrophil-dependent portion of ischemic injury, delineated in recent years, that is associated with free radical release by phagocytic cells.
GWAS of longevity in CHARGE consortium confirms APOE and FOXO3 candidacy.

BACKGROUND The genetic contribution to longevity in humans has been estimated to range from 15% to 25%. Only two genes, APOE and FOXO3, have shown association with longevity in multiple independent studies. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies including 6,036 longevity cases, age ≥90 years, and 3,757 controls that died between ages 55 and 80 years. We additionally attempted to replicate earlier identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with longevity. RESULTS In our meta-analysis, we found suggestive evidence for the association of SNPs near CADM2 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81; p value = 9.66 × 10(-7)) and GRIK2 (odds ratio = 1.24; p value = 5.09 × 10(-8)) with longevity. When attempting to replicate findings earlier identified in genome-wide association studies, only the APOE locus consistently replicated. In an additional look-up of the candidate gene FOXO3, we found that an earlier identified variant shows a highly significant association with longevity when including published data with our meta-analysis (odds ratio = 1.17; p value = 1.85×10(-10)). CONCLUSIONS We did not identify new genome-wide significant associations with longevity and did not replicate earlier findings except for APOE and FOXO3. Our inability to find new associations with survival to ages ≥90 years because longevity represents multiple complex traits with heterogeneous genetic underpinnings, or alternatively, that longevity may be regulated by rare variants that are not captured by standard genome-wide genotyping and imputation of common variants.
Public stigma in intellectual disability: do direct versus indirect questions make a difference?

BACKGROUND Stigma may negatively impact individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, most studies in the field have been based on the use of direct measurement methods for assessing stigma. This study examined public stigma towards individuals with ID within a representative sample of the Israeli public by comparing direct versus indirect questioning. METHODS Vignette methodology was utilised with two questionnaire versions. In the direct questionnaire (n = 306), the participants were asked how they would think, feel and behave if a man with ID asked them a question in a public place. In the indirect questionnaire (n = 301), the participants were asked to report how a hypothetical 'other man' would think, feel and behave in the same situation. RESULTS Higher levels of stigma were reported among participants that answered the indirect questionnaire version. Furthermore, among those participants that answered the indirect questionnaire version, subjective knowledge of ID was a less important correlate of stigma than for those participants that answered the direct questionnaire. CONCLUSION Several explanations are suggested for the finding that indirect questioning elicits more negative stigmatic attitudes. Among others, indirect questioning may be a more appropriate methodology for eliciting immediate beliefs. Furthermore, the results call for implementing a comprehensive, multi-level programme to change stigma.
Chromosome Segregation in Budding Yeast: Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Related Mechanisms

Studies on budding yeast have exposed the highly conserved mechanisms by which duplicated chromosomes are evenly distributed to daughter cells at the metaphase–anaphase transition. The establishment of proteinaceous bridges between sister chromatids, a function provided by a ring-shaped complex known as cohesin, is central to accurate segregation. It is the destruction of this cohesin that triggers the segregation of chromosomes following their proper attachment to microtubules. Since it is irreversible, this process must be tightly controlled and driven to completion. Furthermore, during meiosis, modifications must be put in place to allow the segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the first division for gamete formation. Here, I review the pioneering work from budding yeast that has led to a molecular understanding of the establishment and destruction of cohesion.
The Atmosphere of Callisto

During the Galileo flybys of Callisto in 1999, a CO_2 atmosphere and an ionosphere were detected. Using the Caltech/Jet Propulsion Laboratory one-dimensional KINETICS model, we have successfully simulated the observed electron density within a factor of 2, while satisfying the observational constraints on carbon and oxygen atoms. We conclude that photoionization of CO_2 alone is insufficient to produce the observed electron density. An atmosphere 20–100 times denser than the CO_2 atmosphere must be introduced, as suggested by Kliore et al. (2002). We show that an O_2-rich atmosphere is highly probable. However, the atomic oxygen produced from O_2 photodissociation is 2 orders of magnitude greater than the upper limit given by Strobel et al. (2002). The introduction of reactive hydrogen chemistry assuming a surface abundance of H_2O of ∼2 × 10^9 cm^(−3) (4 × 10^(−8) mbar) is required to reduce the excess atomic O abundance. The calculated atomic O column density is >5 × 10^(12) cm^(−2), which is about the observed upper limit, suggesting we should be able to detect O in the atmosphere of Callisto.
Associated with Expectancy-Enhanced Placebo Analgesia as Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Jian Kong,1 Randy L. Gollub,1,2,3 Ilana S. Rosman,1 J. Megan Webb,1 Mark G. Vangel,2,3 Irving Kirsch,4 and Ted J. Kaptchuk5 1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 2MGH/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School (HMS) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and 3MGH General Clinical Research Center Biomedical Imaging Core, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, 4School of Applied Psychosocial Studies, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, and 5Osher Institute, HMS, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
The attachment of filamentous segmented micro-organisms to the distal ileum wall of the mouse: a scanning and transmission electron microscopy study

Scanning electron micrographs are presented of the ileal epithelium of mice aged 5, 15, 20 and 25 days. During this period the villous pattern develops to full maturity. By the twentieth day of life a segmented filamentous micro-organism colonizes the ileal epithelium and is firmly attached via a small segment. During the first days of colonization the segmented filamentous micro-organisms themselves are subcolonized by small rod-shaped bacteria, presumably lactobacilli. At the age of 25 days this subcolonization was no longer observed.
THE EFFECT OF TWO REST INTERVALS ON THE WORKOUT VOLUME COMPLETED DURING LOWER BODY RESISTANCE EXERCISE

There is a lack of studies using rest intervals in the same lower muscle groups on multiple exercises volume completed. The purpose of this study was to compare the workout volume (sets × repetitions per set) completed during two lower body resistance exercise sessions that incorporated 1-minute vs. 3-minute rest intervals between the sets and exercises. For this reason, thirteen trained men completed two experimental sessions that consisted of 4 lower body exercises – leg press (LP), leg extension (LE), leg curl (LC) and parallel squat (PS), performed for three sets with 80% 1RM load. The two experimental sessions differed only in the length of the rest interval between the sets and exercises; one session with a 1-minute and the other session with a 3-minute rest interval. The results demonstrated that for each exercise a significantly greater workout volume was completed when resting interval lasted 3 minutes between the sets and exercises (LP: 48.42±3.38 vs. 58.17±3.01; LE: 47.04±2.52 vs. 57.81±2.04; LC: 38.01±2.79 vs. 53.61±2.64 and PS: 33.03±2.25 vs. 51.87±2.01 for 1-minute vs. 3-minute rest interval, respectively). These results indicate that during a resistance exercise session, if sufficient time is available, resting 3 minutes between the sets and exercises allows a greater workout volume for the lower body exercises examined.