Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency department discharge instructions comprehension and compliance study.

OBJECTIVES To assess patient comprehension of emergency department discharge instructions and to describe other predictors of patient compliance with discharge instructions. METHODS Patients departing from the emergency department of an inner-city teaching hospital were invited to undergo a structured interview and reading test, and to participate in a follow-up telephone interview 2 weeks later. Two physicians, blinded to the other's data, scored patient comprehension of discharge information and compliance with discharge instructions. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using a kappa-weighted statistic, and correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Of 106 patients approached, 88 (83%) were enrolled. The inter-rater reliability of physician rating scores was high (kappa = 0.66). Approximately 60% of subjects demonstrated reading ability at or below a Grade 7 level. Comprehension was positively associated with reading ability (r = 0.29, p = 0.01) and English as first language (r = 0.27, p = 0.01). Reading ability was positively associated with years of education (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001) and first language (r = 0.24, p = 0.03), and inversely associated with age (r = -0.21, p = 0.05). Non-English first language and need for translator were associated with poorer comprehension of discharge instructions but not related to compliance. Compliance with discharge instructions was correlated with comprehension (r = 0.31, p = 0.01) but not associated with age, language, education, years in anglophone country, reading ability, format of discharge instructions, follow-up modality or association with a family physician. CONCLUSIONS Emergency department patients demonstrated poor reading skills. Comprehension was the only factor significantly related to compliance; therefore, future interventions to improve compliance with emergency department instructions will be most effective if they focus on improving comprehension.
Collagen synthesis by cloned mouse mammary tumor cells.

Abstract Neoplasms require stroma to support their growth. Collagen is the major protein of stroma, and its biosynthesis is an important event in the development and growth of tumors. Collagen synthesis is generally considered to be a property of fibroblasts. However, the cell type responsible for collagenous stroma formation in neoplastic tissue has not been fully identified. In an attempt to answer this question, we compared the collagen-synthetic activity of three cloned cell lines that were derived from mouse mammary carcinomas with that of cultured mouse fibroblasts. Cells were analyzed for activity of prolyl hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the formation of hydroxyproline in collagen. The cells were also incubated with l-[U-14C]proline in the presence of 2 × 10-4m sodium ascorbate, and the amount of collagenase-digestible protein was determined. In addition, the rate of hydroxyproline formation was determined. All three parameters of collagen synthetic activity indicated that the mammary tumor cell lines synthesize collagen. However, the amount of collagen synthesized relative to noncollagen protein was lower than in the fibroblast cultures. Cells from solid tumors derived after the s.c. injection of the tumorigenic cell lines into isogeneic mice were obtaiend, and prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagenase-digestible protein were determined. The results indicated that the primary cells derived from the solid tumors synthesized approximately the same amount of collagen relative to noncollagen protein as did their respective cell lines growing in culture. The primary cells also had a similar level of prolyl hydroxylase activity, as did the cultured cells.
Sparse Representation of a Polytope and Recovery of Sparse Signals and Low-Rank Matrices

This paper considers compressed sensing and affine rank minimization in both noiseless and noisy cases and establishes sharp restricted isometry conditions for sparse signal and low-rank matrix recovery. The analysis relies on a key technical tool, which represents points in a polytope by convex combinations of sparse vectors. The technique is elementary while yielding sharp results. It is shown that for any given constant t ≥ 4/3, in compressed sensing, δ<sub>tk</sub><sup>A</sup> <; √((t-1)/t) guarantees the exact recovery of all k sparse signals in the noiseless case through the constrained l<sub>1</sub> minimization, and similarly, in affine rank minimization, δ<sub>tr</sub><sup>M</sup> <; √((t-1)/t) ensures the exact reconstruction of all matrices with rank at most r in the noiseless case via the constrained nuclear norm minimization. In addition, for any ε > 0, δ<sub>tk</sub><sup>A</sup> <; √(<sup>t-1</sup>/<sub>t</sub>) + ε is not sufficient to guarantee the exact recovery of all k-sparse signals for large k. Similar results also hold for matrix recovery. In addition, the conditions δ<sub>tk</sub><sup>A</sup> <; √((t-)1/t) and δ<sub>tr</sub><sup>M</sup> <; √((t-1)/t) are also shown to be sufficient, respectively, for stable recovery of approximately sparse signals and low-rank matrices in the noisy case.
Variations of the Mid-Infrared Emission Spectrum in Reflection Nebulae

Using spatial-spectral data cubes of reflection nebulae obtained by ISOCAM, we have observed a shift in the central wavelength of the 7.7 μm band within several reflection nebulae. This band, composed of components at 7.85 and 7.65 μm, shows a centroid shift from 7.75 μm near the edge of the nebulae to 7.65 μm toward the center of the nebulae as the shorter wavelength component becomes relatively stronger. The behavior of the 7.7 μm band center can be explained by assuming either that anions are the origin of the 7.85 μm band and cations the 7.65 μm band, or that the band center wavelength depends on the chemical nature of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ratio of the 11.3/7.7 μm bands also changes with distance from the central star, first rising from the center toward the edge of the nebula, then falling at the largest distances from the star, consistent with the 11.3/7.7 μm band ratio being controlled by the PAH ionization state.
The Renin-Angiotensin System Modulates Inflammatory Processes in Atherosclerosis: Evidence from Basic Research and Clinical Studies

Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system is a crucial player in atherosclerotic processes. The regulation of arterial blood pressure was considered from its first description of the main mechanism involved. Vasoconstriction (mediated by angiotensin II) and salt and water retention (mainly due to aldosterone) were classically considered as pivotal proatherosclerotic activities. However, basic research and animal studies strongly support angiotensin II as a proinflammatory mediator, which directly induces atherosclerotic plaque development and heart remodeling. Furthermore, angiotensin II induces proatherosclerotic cytokine and chemokine secretion and increases endothelial dysfunction. Accordingly, the pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system improves prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease even in settings of normal baseline blood pressure. In the present review, we focused on angiotensin-convertingenzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and renin inhibitors to update the direct activities of the renin-angiotensin system in inflammatory processes governing atherosclerosis.
Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Meat Meal and Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs

The objective of this experiment was to determine the concentration and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in meat meal (MM), and to compare these values with the respective values in soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows (initial body weight = 66.9±3.8 kg) surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were allotted to a replicated 3×3 balanced Latin square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Two experimental diets containing test ingredients as the sole source of AA were prepared to estimate the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) for CP and AA by the direct method. An N-free diet was also prepared to estimate basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All experimental diets contained 5% chromic oxide as an indigestible index. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation period and a 2-d of ileal digesta collection period. Ileal digesta samples were collected from 0900 to 1700 on d 6 and 7 of each period. The concentrations of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp in MM and SBM were analyzed to be 64.1, 3.5, 1.1 and 0.6, and 45.6, 2.8, 0.8, and 0.3%, respectively. The AID of all AA except Gly in MM was less (p<0.05) than in SBM. The AID of Lys, Met, and Trp in MM was estimated to be 56.0, 71.7, and 47.1%, respectively. The SID of all AA in MM was less (p<0.05) than in SBM. The SID of Lys, Met, and Trp was 65.1, 79.2, and 78.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the CP and AA contents in MM were greater than those in SBM whereas the ileal digestibility of all AA in MM was less than in SBM.
Impact of buffer sharing in multiple disk video server architectures

A video server allows to deliver multiple video streams to different clients. To provide the required amount of storage and bandwidth, a video server must contain a large number of disks. Since the retrieval rate of the disk and the consumption rate of the clients differ, the data retrieved from disk need to be temporarily stored in main memory, which is an important cost factor in a video server. Video data must be retrieved from disks in such a way that neither buffer starvation nor overﬂow occurs for all concurrent video streams. In this paper we calculate the required buffer for the GSS scheduling algorithm for multiple streams retrieved from multiple disk server nodes. We prove analytically that shared buffer management reduces, in comparison with the dedicated buffer management, the required buffer by up to 50%.
Health Benefits of Walking in Nature: A Randomized Controlled Study Under Conditions of Real-Life Stress

We investigated the effects of recreational exposure to the natural environment on mood and psychophysiological responses to stress. We hypothesized that walking in nature has restorative effects over and above the effects of exposure to nature scenes (viewing nature on TV) or physical exercise alone (walking on a treadmill in a gym) and that these effects are greater when participants were expected to be more stressed. Healthy university students (N = 90) were randomly allocated to one of three conditions and tested during an exam-free period and again during their exam time. Mood and psychophysiological responses were assessed before and after the interventions, and again after a laboratory stressor. All interventions had restorative effects on cortisol levels (p < .001), yet walking in nature resulted in lower cortisol levels than did nature viewing (p < .05) during the exam period. Walking in nature improved mood more than watching nature scenes (p < .001) or physical exercise alone (p < .05).
Characterization of Locality in Loop-Parallel Programs

Data locality is one of the most important characteristics of programs. Its study has signi cant in uence on the future development of architectures and compilers. Shared-memory multiprocessor (SMP) machines and their applications have become widely available, but there are few studies in the classi cation of data locality in parallel programs. Most studies have focused on temporal and spatial locality, and false sharing as metrics by which to optimize cache-coherence actions. In this paper, we propose a classi cation of data locality in loop-based parallel programs on SMP machines. The classi cation is expressed in terms of the cacheline sharing, processor sharing, memory reference instruction reuse, and parallel/serial region sharing. This classi cation helps us understand the characteristics of complex parallel programs. For analysis, we have implemented a tool, called ParaSim which consists of two parts: a code augmenter and a memory simulator. It can augment highly optimized parallel code written using the Sun native parallel directives, OpenMP and in thread-based form, and runs in parallel with supporting parallel execution on SMP machines. As a case study, for this extended abstract, we discuss the data locality of one Perfect Benchmarks, parallelized by the Polaris compiler. In our measurements we have found that (1) the characteristics of data locality in loopparallel programs is very similar to that in sequential ones, (2) the cachelines are well localized to processors in highly parallelized code, (3) most variables are reused in the same region type, (4) hits usually occur in the same region, and misses occur across regions, (5) capacity and con ict misses are more important factors than compulsory and coherence misses, (6) spatial locality is the dominant factor, and (7) coherence misses occur more often for temporal locality than spatial locality, and these accesses are by di erent instructions in the same region.
Mergers with Differentiated Products

T he antitrust treatment of horizontal mergers by the Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission is one of the most well developed and closely scrutinized areas of antitrust law. The enforcement agencies have extraordinary experience reviewing mergers and the merger bar is no less sophisticated. From my perspective as an antitrust economist, this sophistication permits merger enforcement to be at the cutting edge when it comes to incorporating economic learning into competition policy. The 1992 DOJ and F TC Merger Guidelines have placed important attention on the " unilateral effects " of a merger , i.e., the tendency of a horizontal merger to lead to higher prices simply by virtue of the fact that the merger will eliminate the direct competition between the two merging firms, even if all other firms in the market continue to compete independently. Unilateral effects are contrasted to " coordinated effects, " i.e., the danger that the merger will lead to collusion between the merged entity and its remaining rivals. This article discusses some of the methods used by the Antitrust Division to analyze unilateral effects in mergers involving differentiated products. While the methods outlined here do not replace the standard steps of defining markets and measuring market shares and concentration , they can significantly supplement those steps. To place the topic in context, it is instructive to compare mergers with homogeneous products to those involving differentiated products. For homogeneous products, the traditional structural approach of defining markets and measuring market shares and market concentration has deep roots, along with a rich empirical tradition linking market structure to performance. In these markets, it is both natural and appropriate to count up each firm's unit or dollar sales, or capacity, to measure market shares, and to make inferences about a merger's effects based on market structure, including the HHI of market concentration. The danger of collusion is surely related to market concentration (although quantifying this relationship is difficult), and economists' primary model of non-cooperative oligopolistic competition among manufacturers of homogeneous goods relates market structure to performance. 1 Although economists continue to debate the empirical relationship between market structure and performance, there exists a solid foundation for using market structure prominently in evaluating horizontal mergers involving homogeneous goods. 2 This traditional structural approach towards merger policy, which dates back to the 1960s but has been refined as just described, is less attractive for differentiated products. When …
Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing among children, adolescents, and adults. Although estimates of the efficacy of exercise training on fasting insulin and insulin resistance have been provided, for adults similar estimates have not been provided for youth. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative estimate of the effectiveness of exercise training on fasting insulin and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. METHODS: Potential sources were limited to peer-reviewed articles published before June 25, 2013, and gathered from the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Physical Education Index, and Web of Science online databases. Analysis was limited to randomized controlled trials by using combinations of the terms adolescent, child, pediatric, youth, exercise training, physical activity, diabetes, insulin, randomized trial, and randomized controlled trial. The authors assessed 546 sources, of which 4.4% (24 studies) were eligible for inclusion. Thirty-two effects were used to estimate the effect of exercise training on fasting insulin, with 15 effects measuring the effect on insulin resistance. Estimated effects were independently calculated by multiple authors, and conflicts were resolved before calculating the overall effect. RESULTS: Based on the cumulative results from these studies, a small to moderate effect was found for exercise training on fasting insulin and improving insulin resistance in youth (Hedges’ d effect size = 0.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.74], P < .001 and 0.31 [95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.56], P < .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Big five factors and its relationship with El and coping

The Big Five Personality Factor Model , often called the “Big Five” or the “Five Factor Model” is an empirically derived model of personality based on the early work on traits by Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell ,and Hans and Sybil Eysenck.Over the past decade ,the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality became one of the dominant paradigms in trait psychology (McCrae,2001). The model proposes that personality can be factored in to five dimensions , neuroticism ,extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness and that each individual falls between the too extremes of each dimensions. Dr.Kranti C.Gawali ISSN:-2230-7850 Big five factors and its relationship with El and coping.
The Five Minute Speech Sample as a measure of parental Expressed Emotion in the field of disability

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of research literature that has assessed Expressed Emotion (EE) with the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) in parents of children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Very little attention has been paid to the parenting relationship in families in which a member has cognitive disabilities. The research that has been carried out has investigated interactive features by means of comparing groups of children with typical development and sample groups of at-risk and disturbed children. Specifically, the literature on Expressed Emotion in parents of children with intellectual disabilities is sparse. A study of PsycINFO found eleven articles about EE in families of adults or children with cognitive disabilities. In these studies, EE was measured by using the CFI or the FMSS.
A generalized prediction method for modified memory-based high throughput VLC decoder design

Variable-length code (VLC) is the most popular data-compression technique which has been used in many data-compression standards, such as JPEG, MPEG-2, and H.263. In this paper, we present a new memory-based tree-search algorithm and very large scale integration architecture for VLC decoders which can achieve very high decoding throughput performance. Different coding tables can be implemented by simply changing the contents of the memory without changing the system hardware. The coding table is mapped onto a memory whose space requirement has been minimized by using a new tree data structure and efficient memory-mapping strategy. In addition, we break the recursive dependency of iterative searching operations by predicting method. The proposed algorithm and architecture can predict the searching node and perform parallel operations. As a result, the decoding throughput rate can be enhanced to about three to eight times more than previously announced architectures. The proposed architecture mainly consists of memory modules and simple arithmetic unit. Based on 0.6-/spl mu/m single poly triple metal CMOS technology and MPEG-2 VLC table-15, the decoder system achieves average decoding throughput rate of 720 Mbits/s at 3 V and a 100-MHz clock rate.
PPFS: a high performance portable parallel file system

James V. Huber, Jr.* Christopher L. Elford* Daniel A. Reed* Andrew A. Chien* David S. Blumenthal* Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801 Rapid increases in processor performance over the past decade have outstripped performance improvements in input /output devices, increasing the import ante of input /output performance to overall system performance. Further, experience has shown that the performance of parallel input /output systems is particularly sensitive to data placement and data management policies, making good choices critical. To explore this vast design space, we have developed a user-level library, the Portable Parallel File System ( PP.FS), which supports rapid experimentation and exploration. The PPFS includes a rich application interface, allowing the application to advertise access patterns, control caching and prefet thing, and even control data placement. PPFS is both extensible and portable, making possible a wide range of experiments on a broad variety of platforms and configurations. Our initial experiments, based on simple benchmarks and two application programs, show that tailoring policies to input/output access patterns yields significant performance benefits, often improving performance by nearly an order of magnitude.
A Biologically-Inspired Wolf Pack Multiple Robot Hunting Model

A great amount of work has been made in biologically-inspired robotic systems on single and multiple animal behavior models. These studies have advanced the understandings of animal behavior and have provided at the same time inspiration in the design of single and multiple robotic architectures. Additionally, applications in the real word domain have benefited from such work, like exploration, surveillance, etc. In this work we present a multi-robot architecture based on wolf packs studies showing different formations during prey hunting and predator avoidance. The model has been developed and tested using the NSL/ASL, MIRO systems, and Sony AIBO robots. Results from real robot experimentation are discussed