Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Citizenship Education in Northern Ireland: Beyond national identity?

The introduction of citizenship education to the curriculum of all schools in Northern Ireland is one way of underpinning a long-term commitment to democratic politics as part of a fragile peace process. However, the concept of citizenship requires careful consideration in a society where there are different loyalties that give rise to conflict over the future constitutional status of the society itself. Neither British nor Irish national identity provides the basis for a 'patriotic' model of citizenship that could be accepted in all schools. This article describes the commitments and confidence-building measures contained in the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement and its implications for developing a concept of citizenship that might transcend the two main nationalisms that exist in Northern Ireland.
Warmer winters increase the rhizosphere carbon flow to mycorrhizal fungi more than to other microorganisms in a temperate grassland

A decisive set of steps in the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle is the fixation of atmospheric C by plants and the subsequent C‐transfer to rhizosphere microorganisms. With climate change winters are expected to become milder in temperate ecosystems. Although the rate and pathways of rhizosphere C input to soil could be impacted by milder winters, the responses remain unknown. To address this knowledge‐gap, a winter‐warming experiment was established in a seminatural temperate grassland to follow the C flow from atmosphere, via the plants, to different groups of soil microorganisms. In situ 13CO2 pulse labelling was used to track C into signature fatty acids of microorganisms. The winter warming did not result in any changes in biomass of any of the groups of microorganisms. However, the C flow from plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, increased substantially by winter warming. Saprotrophic fungi also received large amounts of plant‐derived C—indicating a higher importance for the turnover of rhizosphere C than biomass estimates would suggest—still, this C flow was unaffected by winter warming. AM fungi was the only microbial group positively affected by winter warming—the group with the closest connection to plants. Winter warming resulted in higher plant productivity earlier in the season, and this aboveground change likely induced plant nutrient limitation in warmed plots, thus stimulating the plant dependence on, and C allocation to, belowground nutrient acquisition. The preferential C allocation to AM fungi was at the expense of C flow to other microbial groups, which were unaffected by warming. Our findings imply that warmer winters may shift rhizosphere C‐fluxes to become more AM fungal‐dominated. Surprisingly, the stimulated rhizosphere C flow was matched by increased microbial turnover, leading to no accumulation of soil microbial biomass.
Bacterial urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients and their antibiotic resistance pattern: A four-year study

Background and Objective Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in renal transplant recipients and are considered a potential cause of bacteremia, sepsis, and affects graft outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of UTI among renal transplant recipients and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of causative agents. Materials and Methods In total, 1165 patients from March 2009 to December 2012, in transplant center of Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, were investigated. Qualitative urine cultures were performed for all cases, causative microorganisms were identified and colony count was performed according to the standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was then performed to determine the susceptibility pattern of recovered bacteria from confirmed UTIs. Results UTI was diagnosed in 391 patients(33.56%). Gram-negative bacteria were the most prevalent isolated microorganisms with E. coli (43.53%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (35.37%) as the major organisms. Among Gram positives, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was isolated from 6.8% of cases. The rate of resistance to all tested antibiotics was highest in Enterobacter spp. , however the most common resistance were seen against cefixime, cephalotin, and cotrimoxazole in all tested gram negatives. Conclusion the rate of UTIs among renal transplant recipients was noticeable in this study with high antibiotic resistance. Multi-resistant bacterial infections are potentially life-threatening emerging problem in renal transplantation. Prophylactic measures must be applied to patients at greater risk.
Auditory Integration Training in Children with Autism

Nine children aged 3-I 6 years with an autistic disorder were given auditory integration training for half-hour sessions during 10 days according to guidelines suggested by Guy Berard. No significant change in overall autistic symptom level could be documented 9 months later. However a small but non-significant reduction of 'sensory problems' as rated by the Autism Behaviour Checklist was noted.
An Integrated In-Situ Approach to Impacts from Natural Disasters on Critical Infrastructures

Natural disasters can have a devastating effect on critical infrastructures, especially in case of cascading effects among multiple infrastructures such as the electric power grid, the communication network, and the road network. While there exist detailed models for individual types of infrastructures such as electric power grids, these do not encompass the various interconnections and interdependencies to other networks. Cascading effects are hard to discover and often the root causes of problems remain unclear. In order to enable real-time situational awareness for operational risk management one needs to be aware of the broader context of events. In this paper, we present a unique visual analytics control room system that integrates the separate visualizations of the different network infrastructures with social media analysis and mobile in-situ analysis to help to monitor the critical infrastructures, detecting cascading effects, performing root cause analyses, and managing the crisis response. Both the social media analysis and the mobile in-situ analysis are important components for an effective understanding of the crisis and an efficient crisis response. Our system provides a mechanism for conjoining the available information of different infrastructures and social media as well as mobile in-situ analysis in order to provide unified views and analytical tools for monitoring, planning, and decision support. A realistic use case scenario based on real critical infrastructures as well as our qualitative study with crisis managers shows the potential of our approach.
Glucose Intolerance and Reduced Proliferation of Pancreatic β-Cells in Transgenic Pigs With Impaired Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Function

OBJECTIVE The insulinotropic action of the incretin glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is impaired in type 2 diabetes, while the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is preserved. To evaluate the role of impaired GIP function in glucose homeostasis and development of the endocrine pancreas in a large animal model, we generated transgenic pigs expressing a dominant-negative GIP receptor (GIPRdn) in pancreatic islets. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GIPRdn transgenic pigs were generated using lentiviral transgenesis. Metabolic tests and quantitative stereological analyses of the different endocrine islet cell populations were performed, and β-cell proliferation and apoptosis were quantified to characterize this novel animal model. RESULTS Eleven-week-old GIPRdn transgenic pigs exhibited significantly reduced oral glucose tolerance due to delayed insulin secretion, whereas intravenous glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cell mass were not different from controls. The insulinotropic effect of GIP was significantly reduced, whereas insulin secretion in response to the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 was enhanced in GIPRdn transgenic versus control pigs. With increasing age, glucose control deteriorated in GIPRdn transgenic pigs, as shown by reduced oral and intravenous glucose tolerance due to impaired insulin secretion. Importantly, β-cell proliferation was reduced by 60% in 11-week-old GIPRdn transgenic pigs, leading to a reduction of β-cell mass by 35% and 58% in 5-month-old and 1- to 1.4-year-old transgenic pigs compared with age-matched controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The first large animal model with impaired incretin function demonstrates an essential role of GIP for insulin secretion, proliferation of β-cells, and physiological expansion of β-cell mass.
The response styles theory of depression: A test of specificity and causal mediation

This prospective study tested the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the response styles theory of depression. In addition, it examined whether rumination predicts increases in anxious as well as depressive symptoms. At Time 1, 87 college students completed measures of rumination, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms. Participants also completed measures of hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms at three time points later in the semester: immediately after receiving their most difficult midterm exam grade (Time 2), 4–8 hours later (Time 3), and 4 days later (Time 4). Regardless of exam outcome, the tendency to ruminate in response to depressed mood was associated with: (1) increases in anxious symptoms between Time 1 and Time 3; and (2) increases in both anxious and depressive symptoms between Time 1 and Time 4. In addition, the relationship between rumination and increases in both depressive and anxious symptoms was mediated by hopelessness. In other words, individuals with a ruminative response style exhibited increases in both depressive and anxious symptoms because they exhibited increases in hopelessness.
Padrão de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas entre graduandas de enfermagem de uma Universidade Estadual Paulista

Este trabalho verificou o padrao de consumo de bebidas alcoolicas entre jovens universitarias. Trata-se de estudo descritivo-quantitativo, realizado com amostra de 105 estudantes do sexo feminino, do 1o ao 4o ano de um curso de graduacao em enfermagem, de uma universidade estadual paulista, utilizando-se como instrumento um questionario e o teste AUDIT. De acordo com a quantidade ingerida, foram identificados bebedoras com consumo moderado e alto de bebidas alcoolicas, indicando potencial risco para a saude e de se tornarem, no futuro, frequentes consumidoras de bebidas alcoolicas e, desse modo, terem tambem suas carreiras profissionais prejudicadas.
1 99 8 NSF-ITP-98-086 hep-th / 9809022 UV / IR Relations in AdS Dynamics

We point out that two distinct distance–energy relations have been discussed in the AdS/CFT correspondence. In conformal backgrounds they differ only in normalization, but in nonconformal backgrounds they differ in functional form. We discuss the relation to probe processes, the holographic principle, and black hole entropies. peet@itp.ucsb. edu joep@itp.ucsb. edu
User Perception of Facebook App Data Access: A Comparison of Methods and Privacy Concerns

Users share vast amounts of personal information online, but are they fully aware of what information they are sharing and with whom? In this paper, we focused on Facebook apps and set out to understand how concerned users are about privacy and how well-informed they are about what personal data apps can access. We found that initially, subjects were generally under-informed about what data apps could access from their profiles. After viewing additional information about these permissions, subjects’ concern about privacy on Facebook increased. Subjects’ understanding of what data apps were able to access increased, although even after receiving explicit information on the topic, many subjects still did not fully understand the extent to which apps could access their data.
Conditional inactivation of Tgfbr2 in cranial neural crest causes cleft palate and calvaria defects

Cleft palate and skull malformations represent some of the most frequent congenital birth defects in the human population. Previous studies have shown that TGFβ signaling regulates the fate of the medial edge epithelium during palatal fusion and postnatal cranial suture closure during skull development. It is not understood, however, what the functional significance of TGFβ signaling is in regulating the fate of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells during craniofacial development. We show that mice with Tgfbr2 conditional gene ablation in the CNC have complete cleft secondary palate, calvaria agenesis, and other skull defects with complete phenotype penetrance. Significantly, disruption of the TGFβ signaling does not adversely affect CNC migration. Cleft palate in Tgfbr2 mutant mice results from a cell proliferation defect within the CNC-derived palatal mesenchyme. The midline epithelium of the mutant palatal shelf remains functionally competent to mediate palatal fusion once the palatal shelves are placed in close contact in vitro. Our data suggests that TGFβ IIR plays a crucial, cell-autonomous role in regulating the fate of CNC cells during palatogenesis. During skull development, disruption of TGFβ signaling in the CNC severely impairs cell proliferation in the dura mater, consequently resulting in calvaria agenesis. We provide in vivo evidence that TGFβ signaling within the CNC-derived dura mater provides essential inductive instruction for both the CNC- and mesoderm-derived calvarial bone development. This study demonstrates that TGFβ IIR plays an essential role in the development of the CNC and provides a model for the study of abnormal CNC development.
Gender and Science Learning Early in High School: Subject Matter and Laboratory Experiences

This study used a large and nationally representative, longitudinal database, NELS:88, to identify important factors related to gender differences in 10th-grade science performance. It built on an earlier study focusing on 8th-grade science performance, wherein gender differences were found to be related to (a) subject matter (life versus physical science), (b) student ability level, and (c) frequency of hands-on lab opportunities. The moderate unadjusted advantage for 8th-grade boys on the physical science test widened by the 10th grade. The gender differences were smaller on the life science test and favored males among students of average and above-average ability and females among the less able students. Hands-on lab activities—relatively infrequent in high school science classes—continued to be related to all students’ performance, but especially to girls’. These findings suggest the importance of the active involvement of students in the science classroom as a means to promote gender equity. Implications for the underrepresentation of women in physical science careers are discussed.
Fuzzy ID3 Decision Tree Approach for Network Reliability Estimation

The Computer communication networks have been rapidly increasing recently to share expensive hardware and software resources, and provide access to main system from distant locations. The reliability and the cost of these systems are important considerations that are largely determined by placement of the nodes and the links between nodes. Network Reliability Estimation is a process of predicting the efforts and cost in terms of money, schedule and staff for any network system. In this study, we investigate the use of Fuzzy ID3 decision tree for network reliability estimation; it is designed by integrating the principles of ID3 decision tree and the fuzzy settheoretic concepts, enabling the model to handle uncertain and imprecise data when describing the reliabilities of the networks, which can improve greatly the accuracy of obtained estimates. MMRE is used as measures of prediction accuracy for this study. The results are compared with those produced by the crisp version of the ID3 decision tree.
Stakes Matter: Student Motivation and the Validity of Student Assessments for Teacher Evaluation

In 2011, Indiana lawmakers established a system to evaluate teachers using existing standardized assessments as an indicator of student learning. In this study we examined one component of Indiana's evaluation system to determine whether student knowledge of the test's consequences is predictive of test performance. Using an experimental design, we found that the type of consequences associated with an administered reading assessment were associated with achievement differences. In particular, comparisons among group means show that when students were told that either their grades or their teacher's employment status were at stake, achievement was statistically significantly higher than when students were told that there were low proximal consequences associated with the test. Given the current policy climate in the United States of using student assessments for policy formation, teacher evaluations, and state and national rankings, our findings point to the need to clearly inform students about the consequences associated with their performance.
Surgical complications with open treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures.

PURPOSE This study assessed the surgical complications after open treatment for fractures of the mandibular condylar process. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 178 patients with unilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process, 85 treated closed and 93 treated open, were included in this study. A tabulation of surgical findings and intraoperative and postoperative complications was prospectively performed. Standardized animating facial photographs were obtained at several postsurgical intervals and were examined and scored by a prosthodontist and an orthodontist for signs of facial nerve palsy and the quality of the surgical scar. Standard statistical methods were used to assess differences between open and closed treatment groups. RESULTS There were very few intraoperative or postoperative complications. At the 6-week point, 17.2% of patients treated open had some weakness of their facial nerve. This had resolved by 6 months. The scars were judged either wide or hypertrophic in 7.5% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, surgical complications of open treatment of condylar process fractures that lead to permanent dysfunction or deformity are uncommon.
ROLE OF HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN ENHANCING TIMSS TASKS

Students’ performances in TIMSS and PISA have featured strongly in recent discussions and debates about the quality of mathematical learning outcomes both from teachers and policy makers. Findings of TIMSS and PISA showed that most high school students in Malaysia continue to perform at less than satisfactory levels. Particularly, in tasks that are cognitively demanding. However, such findings are based on a broad-brush view of the performance of Malaysian students. In this analysis, there is a lack of information about the kind of tasks which are proving to be problematic to the students. This latter information, we argue is critical for future actions aimed at lifting their TIMSS performances. The Malaysian Ministry of Education had advocated for the integration of Higher Order Thinking Skills [HOTS] in mathematics and science. The result of TIMSS has placed greater emphasis on the need to teach HOTS effectively. Our argument is that in order for HOTS to have a significant impact on students’ engagement with and improvement on TIMSS, researchers ought to undertake a fine-grained analysis of student performances in relation to particular tasks and use this information to help teachers understand and integrate HOTS in their teaching. In this paper, we present a critical analysis of selected TIMSS Tasks and demonstrate how to better support students in the use of HOTS in making progress with such tasks. In so doing we present a methodology that can be utilised by teachers better understand the role of HOTS in empowering students move from lower to higher levels of cognitive funtioning in the context of TIMSS and similarly demanding tasks. Our methodology provides an important starting point for the design of future professional development programs for Malaysian mathematics teachers in articulating HOTS and implementing them in regular classrooms. Key words: Higher Order Thinking Skills [HOTS], mathematics problem solving, secondary mathematics, TIMSS Tasks, mathematics teacher professional development, level of
‘Diverse Mobilities’: Second-Generation Greek-Germans Engage with the Homeland as Children and as Adults

Abstract This paper is about the children of Greek labour migrants in Germany. We focus on two life-stages of ‘return’ for this second generation: as young children brought to Greece on holidays or sent back for longer periods, and as young adults exercising an independent ‘return’ migration. We draw both on literature and on our own field interviews with 50 first- and second-generation Greek-Germans. We find the practise of sending young children back to Greece to have been surprisingly widespread yet little documented. Adult relocation to the parental homeland takes place for five reasons: (i) a ‘search for self’; (ii) attraction of the Greek way of life; (iii) the actualisation of the ‘family narrative of return’ by the second, rather than the first, generation; (iv) life-stage events such as going to university or marrying a Greek; (v) escape from a traumatic event or oppressive family situation. Yet the return often brings difficulties, disillusionment, identity reappraisal, and a re-evaluation of the German context.
The Measurement of Work Autonomy

The importance of autonomy has been asserted by numerous writers in a variety of research domains, e.g., leadership, organizational climate, professionalism, and job design. In this paper, it is argued that research on job autonomy has been hindered by the way it has been conceptualized and operationalized by recent researchers. More specifically, it is suggested that the most commonly used measures of job autonomy operationally confound job autonomy with a conceptually distinct job characteristic (job interdependence/independence). Furthermore, it is suggested that for both theory development and improved organizational interventions it is important to distinguish separate areas (facets) of autonomy. This paper presents the development of a new instrument capable of tapping three distinct types, i.e., “Method A utonoly,” “Scheduling Autonomy,” and “Criteria Autonomy,” of work autonomy. Data relevant to the reliability and the validity of the instrument were gathered in two organizations. The results of several psychometric analyses suggest that the three work autonomy scales are both reliable and valid.