Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond patient culture: filtering cultural presentations of depression through structural terms

Abstract There is growing global consensus for researchers to look beyond patient culture to gain a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which wider socio-structural forces influence health outcomes. In line with these critiques, this paper examines culturally diverse patients’ views about the symptoms, aetiology, and experiences of their depression, and considers how socio-structural forces are implicated in the illness experience. Analysing the transcripts of interviews with 28 Indian-Australians and 30 Anglo-Australians with depression, our results reveal cultural differences between Indian- and Anglo-Australians regarding the chronicity, perceived severity, and aetiology of their depression. Our results also show how these cultural differences are related to socio-structural forces such as time, money, and migration. We conclude by arguing that the current medicalised approach to treating depression needs to shift to a more empathetic problem-solving one; such a change would prompt greater critical consideration of the socio-structural forces that impact people’s mental health and not just focus on individuals’ culture and pathologies.
Two Sides of the Same Coin? Analysis of Faculty and Administrators’ Perspectives on Governance

ABSTRACT This study explored institutional governance in an Alabama public two-year community college and investigated the perceptions of faculty and administrators within this sector. To answer the research questions for this study, a quantitative cross-sectional survey utilizing inferential analysis of the collected data was employed. To analyze the perceptions of Alabama community college faculty members and administrators regarding their interactions in institutional governance, three quantitative research questions were used. The research questions were analyzed based upon participant responses from the survey instrument. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was the statistical method used to determine if any significant differences in perception existed between faculty and administrators. The results of the study revealed that a significant difference existed between faculty and administrator perceptions with respect to institutional structure and shared governance, but no significant difference existed between faculty and administrators perceptions with respect to supervisory relationships. Considering the findings and conclusions of the present study, the researchers made recommendations related to institutional governance.
The role of driver inattention in crashes: new statistics from the 1995 crashworthiness data system

In 1995, NHTSA began employing the Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) to obtain more in-depth information on driver inattention-related crash causes, including drowsiness and many forms of distraction. CDS is potentially an important source of information of this issue because it is broadly representative of U.S. passenger vehicle towaway crashes and because its investigations are moderately in-depth. This research paper reports the results of the 1995 CDS data collection on this issue. The three major forms of driver inattention and their percent involvement in 1995 CDS crashes are: distraction (13.2%), looked but did not see (9.7%), and sleepy/fell asleep (2.6%). Findings from this CDS data collection have both similarities to, and differences from, previous research on the role of driver inattention in crashes. Keywords: Driver distraction
Optimal Solution of the Maximum All Request Path Grooming Problem

We give an optimal solution to the Maximum All Request Path Grooming (MARPG) problem motivated by a traffic grooming application. The MARPG problem consists in finding the maximum number of connections which can be established in a path of size N, where each arc has a capacity or bandwidth C (grooming factor). We present a greedy algorithm to solve the problem and an explicit formula for the maximum number of requests that can be groomed. In particular, if C = s(s+1)/2 and N \ge s(s-1), an optimal solution is obtained by taking all the requests of smallest length, that is of length 1 to s. However this is not true in general since anomalies can exist. We give a complete analysis and the exact number of such anomalies.
Thermal Conduction in Clusters of Galaxies

We estimate the thermal conductivity of a weakly collisional magnetized plasma with chaotic magnetic field fluctuations. When the fluctuation spectrum extends over two or more decades in wavevector, we find that thermal conduction is very efficient; the conduction coefficient is only a factor of ~5 below the classical Spitzer estimate. We suggest that conduction could play a significant role in cooling flows in clusters of galaxies.
Influence of Major Histocompatibility Complex on Bacterial Composition of Fecal Flora

ABSTRACT Very little is known about how the host genome influences the composition of the gastrointestinal flora, largely due to the great number and diversity of bacteria present in the flora and the difficulties of using traditional methods of bacterial isolation and identification. We have approached the problem by studying bacterium-derived cellular fatty acids in the stool samples of six mouse strains congenic for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The results obtained indicate that the composition of the fecal flora is genetically regulated. In addition to undefined gene loci, MHC alone has a pronounced effect, since mice with different MHC in the same background have significantly different fecal floras. Demonstration of the genetic influence on the gastrointestinal flora opens a new approach to studying the pathogenesis of bacterially induced diseases.
Semantic Computing of Moods Based on Tags in Social Media of Music

Social tags inherent in online music services such as Last.fm provide a rich source of information on musical moods. The abundance of social tags makes this data highly beneficial for developing techniques to manage and retrieve mood information, and enables study of the relationships between music content and mood representations with data substantially larger than that available for conventional emotion research. However, no systematic assessment has been done on the accuracy of social tags and derived semantic models at capturing mood information in music. We propose a novel technique called Affective Circumplex Transformation (ACT) for representing the moods of music tracks in an interpretable and robust fashion based on semantic computing of social tags and research in emotion modeling. We validate the technique by predicting listener ratings of moods in music tracks, and compare the results to prediction with the Vector Space Model (VSM), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA). The results show that ACT consistently outperforms the baseline techniques, and its performance is robust against a low number of track-level mood tags. The results give validity and analytical insights for harnessing millions of music tracks and associated mood data available through social tags in application development.
Searching for a Needle in a Haystack: Predicting Security Vulnerabilities for Windows Vista

Many factors are believed to increase the vulnerability of software system; for example, the more widely deployed or popular is a software system the more likely it is to be attacked. Early identification of defects has been a widely investigated topic in software engineering research. Early identification of software vulnerabilities can help mitigate these attacks to a large degree by focusing better security verification efforts in these components. Predicting vulnerabilities is complicated by the fact that vulnerabilities are, most often, few in number and introduce significant bias by creating a sparse dataset in the population. As a result, vulnerability prediction can be thought of us preverbally “searching for a needle in a haystack. ” In this paper, we present a large-scale empirical study on Windows Vista, where we empirically evaluate the efficacy of classical metrics like complexity, churn, coverage, dependency measures, and organizational structure of the company to predict vulnerabilities and assess how well these software measures correlate with vulnerabilities. We observed in our experiments that classical software measures predict vulnerabilities with a high precision but low recall values. The actual dependencies, however, predict vulnerabilities with a lower precision but substantially higher recall.
Development, validation and use of the beliefs about science and school science questionnaire(BASSSQ)

The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire that would serve to identify teachers' beliefs about the nature of science, in order to provide greater insight into ways in which those views affect teaching practices. This study is part of a larger study that is investigating the influence of teachers’ philosophical perspectives on the constructivist nature of the classroom learning environment. The conceptual development of the Beliefs About Science And School Science Questionnaire (BASSSQ) draws on the philosophy of science to distinguish between objectivist and postmodern views of science. The BASSSQ was trialled in 27 junior high school classes in Western Australia. The validity and viability of the questionnaire were examined using a multiple perspective approach, including statistical reliability tests and interviews. The results suggest that the internal consistency is not entirely satisfactory across all scales. Interviews of teachers who responded to the BASSSQ indicated that teachers' responses are influenced by (1) their philosophical perspectives which, in turn, can cause them to equate ‘science’ with ‘school science’, and (2) the curriculum context that serves as a referent.
Memory and resilience among Uitoto women: closed baskets and gentle words to invoke the pain of the Colombian Amazon

ABSTRACT This article aims to connect the remembrance of historical events of extreme violence against indigenous Amazon populations with the course of interdisciplinary reflection on trauma and historical memory. It centers its analysis on the narratives and experiences of a group of indigenous Uitoto women whose ancestors were enslaved under the rubber regime of the Casa Arana, seeking to identify their strategies for redeeming memory in a positive manner that fosters resilience instead of trauma. The following questions are addressed: How can individual and collective memories of suffering be reconstructed within a narrative that emphasizes agency, care, resistance and solidarity? How can we work with the traces of traumatic memories in a way that avoids re-victimization or ‘violation’?
Commensurated subgroups and ends of groups

If G is a group, then subgroups A and B are commensurable if A\ B has nite index in both A and B. The commensurator of A in G, denoted CommG(A), is fg2 Gj(gAg 1 )\ A has nite index in both A and gAg 1 g: It is straightforward to check that CommG(A) is a subgroup of G. A subgroup A is commensurated in G if CommG(A) = G. The centralizer of A in G is a subgroup of the normalizer of A in G which is a subgroup of CommG(A). We develop geometric versions of commensurators in
An Analysis of Peer Feedback Exchanged in Group Supervision

The authors examined the peer feedback exchanged in 2 supervision groups of counselors-in-training (CITs). CITs generated 169 statements grouped into 10 clusters representing 5 regions of peer feedback: counselor focus and engagement, insight-oriented skills, exploratory skills, therapeutic alliance, and intervention activities. Both positive and corrective peer feedback was exchanged on topics ranging from counselor performance skills to case conceptualization.
Paraquat poisoning by skin absorption: Two case reports and a literature review

The present report describes two cases of paraquat poisoning by skin absorption. The cases involved contractual workers who were spraying paraquat in an orchard. Whilst spraying, some solution adhered to their skin. The skin developed erythema followed by blistering and hemorrhaging hemorrhagic diabrosis. Six days later the patients were admitted to the Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Jinan, China) with 3 and 2% total body surface area (TBSA) burns, respectively. Surgical debridement was performed and immunosuppressants were administered during the patients’ treatment. The patients were treated successfully and had made a complete recovery following 21 days. From these cases it was examined how paraquat may cause skin injuries and occasionally poisoning. To the best of our knowledge, cases of paraquat poisoning are rare in China. A review of the relevant literature was performed.
A Double Dissociation Between the Meanings of Action Verbs and Locative Prepositions

We describe two patients who manifested opposite patterns of performance on test batteries that evaluated production, comprehension, and semantic analysis of action verbs on the one hand (e.g. smile, wave, run) and locative prepositions on the other (e.g. in, on, over). JP failed all of the verb tests but passed all of the preposition tests, suggesting impaired knowledge of the meanings of action verbs but intact knowledge of the meanings of locative prepositions. In contrast, RR exhibited the reverse dissociation: he passed many of the verb tests but failed all of the preposition tests, suggesting mostly intact knowledge of the meanings of action verbs but impaired knowledge of the meanings of locative prepositions. This behavioral double dissociation reflects the fact that the two categories of words differ along several conceptual parameters. To a large extent, the patients exhibited a neuroanatomical double dissociation as well, since JP’s lesion is predominantly in the left frontal operculum whereas RR’s is predominantly in the left inferior parietal lobe and the posterior superior temporal region. This constitutes preliminary evidence that the meanings of action verbs and locative prepositions are represented by partially independent neural networks in the brain.
Improving the Efficiency of Scheduling and Placement in FPGA by Small-world Model Based Genetic Algorithm

A genetic algorithm based on small-world model (GA-SW) is developed for solving the scheduling and placement problem in FPGA. In this problem, a set of tasks with their own start times, execution times and deadlines is to be scheduled into the FPGA with the objective to minimize the total delay of tasks. The small-world network model possesses locality character, i.e., tightly local connections and loosely remote connections, which can be directly used in the design of the initial population and mutation operator of GA since the optimal solutions for scheduling also has locality character, i.e., close to the deadline-based sequence. Meanwhile, a gliding window method is proposed along with the small-world model so as to better take advantage of the locality of solutions. Additionally, a converging crossover operator is developed to prevent invalid solutions caused by combinatorial coding. The time complexity of GA-SW is O(n^2), where n is the number of tasks. Compared with traditional genetic algorithm, GA-SW can dramatically improve the efficiency of the algorithm and the quality of solutions.
The tween television diet: a content analysis of US tween program food references

Abstract This content analysis, grounded in social cognitive theory, examined the nutritional quality of food, the outcomes associated with consuming food, the characters who reference food, and the context of food on narrative tween (9–14 year olds) television programs shown on Disney, Disney XD, Nickelodeon, Teen Nick, and Cartoon Network in the 2004–2013 seasons. Nutritious foods were portrayed more frequently than non-nutritious foods, and the outcomes of consuming food were mostly neutral, followed by positive, and then negative outcomes. Attractive characters most frequently experienced positive outcomes for consuming nutritious foods, whereas average-looking characters most frequently experienced negative outcomes for consuming nutritious food. Significant two-way interactions were found for nutritional quality with both food purpose and food occasion. Results are discussed in light of the healthful messages portrayed on tween television and the potential for modeling effects among tweens.
Prognosis of Hyponatremia in Elderly Patients With Fragility Fractures

Background Hyponatremia (serum sodium < 135 mmol/L) is the commonest electrolyte imbalance encountered in clinical practice. It is associated with multiple poor clinical outcomes including increased length of hospital stay, institutionalization and mortality. Prevalence of hyponatremia is higher in frail patient groups, and elderly patients with fragility fractures (EPFF) are particularly susceptible. This study aimed to establish the impact of hyponatremia on total length of inpatient stay (TLOS), need for inpatient rehabilitation and mortality in EPFF. Methods Prospective observational study of consenting adults aged ≥ 65 years admitted with a fragility fracture to a university hospital between January 7, and April 4, 2013. Demographic and clinical data, length of hospital stay, discharge destination and any participant deaths were recorded. Prevalence of hyponatremia on admission and incidence of cases developing in hospital were reported. Basic demographic data and serum sodium results were included in multivariate linear regression models for TLOS. Difference in mortality rate and proportion of individuals discharged to inpatient rehabilitation between the hyponatremic and normonatremic group were tested using Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated. Results Of 212 cases, 127 (60%) EPFF were recruited (mean age 79 years, 78% female). Of those not recruited, 66 had incapacity to consent and 19 refused participation. Thirty-three cases of hyponatremia were identified; point prevalence on admission was 13.4% and a further 12.6% developed hyponatremia during admission. There were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics between the hyponatremic and normonatremic group. Hyponatremic participants had a 66.7% increased time from admission to surgery (P = 0.014) and a 51.5% increased length of index hospital stay (P = 0.006). Factors independently associated with increased TLOS were age (P = 0.03) and drop in sodium during admission (P < 0.001). Mortality rate and proportion of participants discharged to inpatient rehabilitation were higher in the hyponatremic group (OR 4.2 (95% CI: 0.9 - 19.8) and 2.2 (95% CI: 0.9 - 5.1), respectively), but figures did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Hyponatremia is highly prevalent in EPFF, seen in 33/127 cases (26%), and is associated with increased length of index hospital stay. Drop in serum sodium during admission was independently associated with increased TLOS.
In-hospital outcomes with thrombolytic therapy in patients with renal dysfunction presenting with acute ischaemic stroke.

BACKGROUND Thrombolytic therapy is an effective treatment modality for acute ischaemic stroke within 3 hours of symptom onset. Its safety and efficacy have not been studied in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who are known to have abnormalities in coagulation and platelet function. METHODS We studied all patients who consecutively received intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke at our hospital from 2005-2009 (n = 74). Alteplase was administered to patients deemed eligible by National Institute of Health criteria per protocol. We studied associations between admission renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60ml/min/1.73 m(2)] and in-hospital outcomes: intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), poor functional status (modified Rankin score 3-6) and death. RESULTS Mean +/- SD age was 66.4 +/- 16.9 years with 39 (52.7%) men and 46 (62.2%) Caucasian. Twenty patients (27.0%) had eGFR <60 and were older, with a higher prevalence of diabetes and coronary artery disease than patients with eGFR > or =60. Presenting stroke severity, blood pressure and time to alteplase were similar in the two groups. Symptomatic ICH occurred in two patients with eGFR > or =60. Asymptomatic and symptomatic ICH considered together showed no difference in these event rates (20% in eGFR <60 vs 11.1% in eGFR > or =60, P = 0.321). There was no difference in poor functional status (70.0% in eGFR <60 vs 57.4% in eGFR > or =60, P = 0.324) or in-hospital death outcomes (10.0% in eGFR <60 vs 7.4% in eGFR > or =60, P = 0.717). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no association between eGFR <60 and in-hospital outcomes, while increasing age was associated with poor functional status [odds ratio 1.03 (1.00-1.06, P = 0.047)]. CONCLUSIONS In our limited sample size study, presence of eGFR <60 in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke was not found to be associated with increased ICH, poor functional outcome or death. These findings suggest that use of thrombolytics in acute stroke is appropriate in patients with renal dysfunction.
Exploring the Spatial Ability of Undergraduate Students: Association With Gender, STEM Majors, and Gifted Program Membership

Spatial ability has been valued as a talent domain and as an assessment form that reduces cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic status biases, yet little is known of the spatial ability of students in gifted programs compared with those in general education. Spatial ability is considered an important indicator of potential talent in the domains of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study explored undergraduate students’ spatial ability, focusing on mental rotation, by investigating the relationships of three variables with performance on a spatial ability test, in terms of test scores and test completion time. A three-way analysis of variance revealed statistically significant main effects of gifted program participation, choice of academic major, and gender, suggesting that students who participated in a gifted program, who majored in a STEM discipline, or who were male outperformed their counterparts on a measure of spatial ability when the other conditions were equivalent. No interaction effects existed among the three variables, indicating that none of them functioned as a moderator of students’ performance on the spatial ability assessment. However, when spatial ability was considered as a mediating variable in a path model, gender had the largest total effect on the probability of students majoring in a STEM area. In addition, the more time students spent on the spatial ability test, the better they tended to perform, which is a finding inconsistent with current literature.
Chimpanzees are vengeful but not spiteful

People are willing to punish others at a personal cost, and this apparently antisocial tendency can stabilize cooperation. What motivates humans to punish noncooperators is likely a combination of aversion to both unfair outcomes and unfair intentions. Here we report a pair of studies in which captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) did not inflict costs on conspecifics by knocking food away if the outcome alone was personally disadvantageous but did retaliate against conspecifics who actually stole the food from them. Like humans, chimpanzees retaliate against personally harmful actions, but unlike humans, they are indifferent to simply personally disadvantageous outcomes and are therefore not spiteful.