Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation of granulopoiesis: normal and impaired granulopoiesis.

locytes atthe stem cell level, the other of the periodic features shown by normal controlling the rate of release of granu- and abnormal granulopoiesis occur belocytes into the blood. This model re- cause granulopoiesis is a feedback-conproduced the low-amplitude neutrophil trolled system and suggest that the main oscillation reported in normal individuals assumptions of the model have physical and, when mild and severe marrow fail- reality. CTIVE FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS regulate many biologic vanables. In essence such systems have the following components : a controlled variable which the body attempts to maintain at a certain desired level, a sensing device which measures departures from that level, a signal produced by the sensing device, and a controlled process which responds to the signal and directly or indirectly influences the variable. Such a system is essentially negative feedback in nature, since the occurrence of an error in the variable is countered by response of the system such as to attempt to reduce the error. This feature obviously provides for regulation but it is not always appreciated that it does not necessarily provide for constancy, even in the absence of disturbance. The function of a regulatory control system is to minimize the effect of external disturbances, but only part of its behavior is due to such disturbances. A significant part is due to the characteristic properties of the system itself. These properties determine the form of transient responses to disturbance and the steady-state behavior in the absence of disturbance. A prime example of this is a feedback system dominated by a substantial time delay. This type of system, even if quiescent in the absence of any disturbance, invariably displays a decaying oscillatory response to a brief perturbation; the period of oscillation has little or no relationship to the time, duration or magnitude of the original disturbance but is determined essentially by the duration of the time delay. Furthermore, such a system may show continuing oscillations in the absence of
Distributed circuits underlying anxiety

Anxiety is of paramount importance for animals, as it allows assessment of the environment while minimizing exposure to potential threats. Furthermore, anxiety disorders are highly prevalent. Consequently, the neural circuitry underlying anxiety has been a topic of great interest. In this mini review, we will discuss current views on anxiety circuits. We will focus on rodent anxiety paradigms, but we will also consider results from human neuroimaging and clinical studies. We briefly review studies demonstrating the central role that the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST) play in modulating anxiety and present evidence showing how the bed nucleus uses different output pathways to influence specific features of anxiolysis. Lastly, we propose that several brain regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the ventral hippocampus (vHPC), act in a coordinated fashion with the amygdala and BNST, forming a distributed network of interconnected structures that control anxiety both in rodents and humans.
Globalisasi dan Perubahan Budaya: Perspektif Teori Kebudayaan

This paper discusses the relevance of culture theories for understanding globalization and cultural change taking place in Indonesia. The issue of globalization and cultural change has recently figured prominently in various discourses in Indonesia, especially in relation to the question of how Indonesia's cultural identities should be maintained in the face of such a global process. This paper argues that the contemporary culture theory can help us understand such concepts as national culture and identity not as a static, essentialist entity, but rather as a dynamic social construction that is continuously reproduced and innovated by individual subjects. Such an argument is put forth in this paper by introducing aspects of culture theory that have not received much attention in Indonesia, i.e. practice, process, context and discourse concerning cultural construction.
Functional interactions of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors.

Hypothesis Programmed neuronal cell death is a prominent feature of vertebrate embryonic development. Timing and extent of cell death are dependent on the influence of the targets those neurons innervate, The number of neurons in the adult nervous system and the density of innervation of their targets are determined by a competitive process in which tissues produce, in limiting quantities, trophic factors that support neuronal survival. Neurons actively compete to establish optimum contact with the target, and those making the least effective contacts with the target are eliminated by cell dea th. If each target of inner­ vation elaborated a unique trophic factor, the resulting mechanism would provide a means of enforcing the correct patterns of connectivity between
Outcomes of a restorative circles program in a high school setting.

Objective: Restorative justice (RJ) was introduced into school systems as an alternative to ineffective zero-tolerance policies as another way of dealing with a disciplinary infractions. While school-based RJ has been gaining popularity within the United States, empirical research has been lacking. One RJ approach is Restorative Circles (RC), which provide a space for those involved in conflict to repair harm through a facilitated dialogue process. Given the minimal research, the aim of the present study was to examine student and staff experiences and outcomes after participating in an RC program. Method: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 35 high school students and 25 staff and administrators involved in some capacity with the RC program at their school. All participants were from a high school in a large urban center in the Southeast United States. Results: As part of a larger study a theoretical model was developed using grounded theory methodology. The emergent model included the following constructs: culture, barriers, internal motivation, engagement with RC, and outcomes. Only outcomes will be discussed in the current study. Both negative and positive outcomes emerged from the interview data. For negative outcomes, frustration and disappointment were key themes. For positive outcomes, ownership of the process, interrupting the school to prison pipeline, improved relationships, prevention of destructive ways of engaging conflict, meaningful dialogue, and academic and social achievements were key themes. Conclusions: This study provides researchers and practitioners with a theoretical framework to use as a foundation to better understand how individuals experience RC.
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.

Despite the widespread use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research, researchers often make questionable decisions when conducting these analyses. This article reviews the major design and analytical decisions that must be made when conducting a factor analysis and notes that each of these decisions has important consequences for the obtained results. Recommendations that have been made in the methodological literature are discussed. Analyses of 3 existing empirical data sets are used to illustrate how questionable decisions in conducting factor analyses can yield problematic results. The article presents a survey of 2 prominent journals that suggests that researchers routinely conduct analyses using such questionable methods. The implications of these practices for psychological research are discussed, and the reasons for current practices are reviewed.
Mathematics Anxiety Among 4th And 5th Grade Turkish Elementary School Students

Using a sample of 4th and 5th graders, this study investigated whether students’ mathematics anxiety differed significantly according to a group of variables. A total of 249 students participated in the study. “The Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Elementary School Students” and “The Personal Information Form” were used for data collection. Independent samples t-tests, Oneway Anova and Schefee test were used to analyze the data. Results showed that students’ mathematics anxiety differed significantly according to gender, whether they liked mathematics class or not, whether they liked their mathematics teachers or not and the achievement level in mathematics. Female students reported significantly higher mathematics anxiety than males. Students who liked mathematics class and those who liked their mathematics teachers had lower anxiety. Students with higher achievement in mathematics reported lower degrees of mathematics anxiety. However, results did not show any significant difference in students’ mathematics anxiety with respect to their grade level and gender-stereotypes about success in mathematics.
A Two-Layered Diffusion Model Traces the Dynamics of Information Processing in the Valuation-and-Choice Circuit of Decision Making

A circuit of evaluation and selection of the alternatives is considered a reliable model in neurobiology. The prominent contributions of the literature to this topic are reported. In this study, valuation and choice of a decisional process during Two-Alternative Forced-Choice (TAFC) task are represented as a two-layered network of computational cells, where information accrual and processing progress in nonlinear diffusion dynamics. The evolution of the response-to-stimulus map is thus modeled by two linked diffusive modules (2LDM) representing the neuronal populations involved in the valuation-and-decision circuit of decision making. Diffusion models are naturally appropriate for describing accumulation of evidence over the time. This allows the computation of the response times (RTs) in valuation and choice, under the hypothesis of ex-Wald distribution. A nonlinear transfer function integrates the activities of the two layers. The input-output map based on the infomax principle makes the 2LDM consistent with the reinforcement learning approach. Results from simulated likelihood time series indicate that 2LDM may account for the activity-dependent modulatory component of effective connectivity between the neuronal populations. Rhythmic fluctuations of the estimate gain functions in the delta-beta bands also support the compatibility of 2LDM with the neurobiology of DM.
Differential production of steroids by dispersed granulosa and theca interna cells from developing preovulatory follicles of pigs.

Dispersed granulosa and theca interna cells were recovered from follicles of prepubertal gilts at 36, 72 and 108 h after treatment with 750 i.u. PMSG, followed 72 h later with 500 i.u. hCG to stimulate follicular growth and ovulation. In the absence of aromatizable substrate, theca interna cells produced substantially more oestrogen than did granulosa cells. Oestrogen production was increased markedly in the presence of androstenedione and testosterone in granulosa cells but only to a limited extent in theca interna cells. The ability of both cellular compartments to produce oestrogen increased up to 72 h with androstenedione being the preferred substrate. Oestrogen production by the two cell types incubated together was greater than the sum produced when incubated alone. Theca interna cells were the principal source of androgen, predominantly androstenedione. Thecal androgen production increased with follicular development and was enhanced by addition of pregnenolone or by LH 36 and 72 h after PMSG treatment. The ability of granulosa and thecal cells to produce progesterone increased with follicular development and addition of pregnenolone. After exposure of developing follicles to hCG in vivo, both cell types lost their ability to produce oestrogen. Thecal cells continued to produce androgen and progesterone but no longer responded to LH in vitro. These studies indicate that several functional changes in the steroidogenic abilities of the granulosa and theca interna compartments occur during follicular maturation.
Temperature Dependence of Fast and Slow Gating Relaxations of ClC-0 Chloride Channels

The chloride channel from the Torpedo electric organ, ClC-0, is the best studied member of a large gene-family (Jentsch, T.J. 1996. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6:303–310.). We investigate the temperature dependence of both the voltage- and chloride-dependent fast gate and of the slow gate of the “double-barreled” ClC-0 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Kinetics of the fast gate exhibit only a moderate temperature dependence with a Q10 of 2.2. Steady-state p open of the fast gate is relatively independent of temperature. The slow gate, in contrast, is highly temperature sensitive. Deactivation kinetics at positive voltages are associated with a Q10 of ∼40. Steady-state open probability of the slow gate (p open slow(V)) can be described by a Boltzmann distribution with an apparent gating valence of ≈2 and a variable “offset” at positive voltages. We note a positive correlation of this offset (i.e., the fraction of channels that are not closed by the slow gate) with the amount of expression. This offset is also highly temperature sensitive, being drastically decreased at high temperatures. Paradoxically, the maximum degree of activation of the slow gate also decreases at higher temperatures. The strong temperature dependence of the slow gate was also observed at the single channel level in inside-out patches. The results imply that within a Markovian-type description at least two open and two closed states are needed to describe slow gating. The strong temperature dependence of the slow gate explains the phenotype of several ClC-0 point-mutants described recently by Ludewig et al. (Ludewig, U., T.J. Jentsch, and M. Pusch. 1996. J. Physiol. (Lond.). In press). The large Q10 of slow gating kinetics points to a complex rearrangement. This, together with the correlation of the fraction of noninactivating channels with the amount of expression and the fact that the slow gate closes both protochannels simultaneously suggests that the slow gate is coupled to subunit interaction of the multimeric ClC-0 channel.
Theory of hydro-equivalent ignition for inertial fusion and its applications to OMEGA and the National Ignition Facilitya)

The theory of ignition for inertial confinement fusion capsules [R. Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010)] is used to assess the performance requirements for cryogenic implosion experiments on the Omega Laser Facility. The theory of hydrodynamic similarity is developed in both one and two dimensions and tested using multimode hydrodynamic simulations with the hydrocode DRACO [P. B. Radha et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 032702 (2005)] of hydro-equivalent implosions (implosions with the same implosion velocity, adiabat, and laser intensity). The theory is used to scale the performance of direct-drive OMEGA implosions to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) energy scales and determine the requirements for demonstrating hydro-equivalent ignition on OMEGA. Hydro-equivalent ignition on OMEGA is represented by a cryogenic implosion that would scale to ignition on the NIF at 1.8 MJ of laser energy symmetrically illuminating the target. It is found that a reasonable combination of neutron yield and areal density.
Inhibitory control as a mediator of bidirectional effects between early oppositional behavior and maternal depression

Abstract Maternal depression is an established risk factor for child conduct problems, but relatively few studies have tested whether children's behavioral problems exacerbate mothers' depression or whether other child behavioral characteristics (e.g., self-regulation) may mediate bidirectional effects between maternal depression and child disruptive behavior. This longitudinal study examined the parallel growth of maternal depressive symptoms and child oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 5; the magnitude and timing of their bidirectional effects; and whether child inhibitory control, a temperament-based self-regulatory mechanism, mediated effects between maternal depression and child oppositionality. A randomized control trial of 731 at-risk families assessed children annually from ages 2 to 5. Transactional models demonstrated positive and bidirectional associations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's oppositional behavior from ages 2 to 3, with a less consistent pattern of reciprocal relations up to age 5. Mediation of indirect mother–child effects and child evocative effects depended on the rater of children's inhibitory control. Findings are discussed in regard to how child evocative effects and self-regulatory mechanisms may clarify the transmission of psychopathology within families.
E-learning Quality Standards for Consumer Protection and Consumer Confidence: A Canadian Case Study in E-learning Quality Assurance

Emerging concerns about quality of e-learning products and services animated a project in Canada to create quality standards that derived primarily from the needs of consumer, that could be used to guide the development and choice of e-learning at all levels of education and training, and that could be implemented in a simple manner. A set of quality standards were created to reflect best practices in learning technologies, distance learning, and student-centred learning. The standards, first labeled the Canadian Recommended ELearning Guidelines, are now available in the Creative Commons as the Open eQuality Learning Standards. To implement the standards, two tools were created: a Consumer’s Guide to E-learning and a certification mark — the eQcheck quality mark — to indicate that e-learning courses, modules, and programs, and elements of them, meet those quality standards. The purpose is to provide consumer confidence in the elearning enterprise and consumer protection for the investments made by individuals, agencies, and entire governments. This approach, a Canadian case study in e-learning quality assurance, differs substantially from other e-learning quality initiatives, making a unique contribution to the e-learning quality assurance dialogue.
Achieving application-centric performance targets via consolidation on multicores: myth or reality?

Consolidation of multiple applications with diverse and changing resource requirements is common in multicore systems as hardware resources are abundant and opportunities for better system usage are plenty. Can we maximize resource usage in such a system while respecting individual application performance targets or is it an oxymoron to simultaneously meet such conflicting measures? In this work we provide a solution to the above difficult problem by constructing a queueing-theory based tool that we use to accurately predict application scalability on multicores and that can also provide the optimal consolidation suggestions to maximize system resource usage while meeting simultaneously application performance targets. The proposed methodology is light-weight and relies on capturing application resource demands using standard tools, via nonintrusive low-level measurements. We evaluate our approach on an IBM Power7 system using the DaCapo and SPECjvm benchmark suites where each benchmark exhibits different patterns of parallelism. From 900 different consolidations of application instances, our tool accurately predicts the average iteration time of allocated applications with an average error below 10%.
A Classification Technique for Recloser-Fuse Coordination in Distribution Systems With Distributed Generation

In this paper, a novel approach is presented to study the impact of distributed-generation penetration on recloser-fuse coordination. The main core of this approach is based on an assessment process using a classification technique to classify the recloser-fuse coordination status at fault conditions to either coordination holds or coordination lost. Accordingly, the distribution system operator can take the proper decision. Then, two complementary actions are recommended in the proposed approach as a solution to decrease the number of cases where coordination is lost. The first one is to search for the best DG locations, where such locations are characterized by the minimum number of cases classified as coordination lost. The second one is based on changing the recloser setting in such a way to minimize the cases where coordination is lost. This new approach has been implemented on the IEEE 37-node test feeder using MATLAB-based developed software and the obtained results are presented and discussed.
Influence of change in psychosocial work characteristics on sickness absence: the Whitehall II study

Objectives: To study the influence of change in self perceived psychosocial work characteristics on subsequent rates of sickness absence. Methods: Prospective cohort study of British civil service employees. Job control, job demands, and work social supports were measured in 1985/88 and in 1991/93. Analyses included 3817 British civil servants with sickness absence records at baseline (1985–89) and for two follow up periods, early (1994–95) and later follow up (1996–98). Results: Change in work characteristics predicted subsequent incidence of long spells of sickness absence (>7 days) in the early follow up period after adjustment for covariates including baseline work characteristics, health status, and sickness absence. Adjusted rate ratios were 1.23 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.46) for decreased compared with stable decision latitude; 1.17 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.36) for increased compared with stable job demands and 0.79 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.93) for increased compared with stable work social support. These associations were also seen in a sub-sample who did not change employment grade. In the later follow up period, associations between work change and long spells of sickness absence were similar for decision latitude, less pronounced for job demands, and no longer apparent for social supports. Changes in work characteristics were not associated with subsequent short spells of sickness absence (⩽7 days). Conclusions: Adverse changes in the psychosocial work environment may lead to increased rates of sickness absence. These findings suggest that workplace interventions to improve psychosocial working conditions may reduce levels of sickness absence.
Measurement-based opportunistic scheduling for heterogenous wireless systems

We study the performance of an opportunistic scheduling scheme maximum quantile scheduling, i.e., scheduling a user whose current rate is in the highest quantile relative to its current rate distribution, in a wireless system. In a practical scenario it is unlikely that users' rate distributions are known at the scheduler, and have to be estimated via measurement. Under the assumption of fast fading, we prove a bound on the relative penalty associated with such estimates, showing that number of independent samples need only grow linearly with the number of active users. This is a fairly limited cost, suggesting one could track distributional changes in users' channels. By contrast other opportunistic scheduling schemes require estimating or setting weights/thresholds that implicitly depend not only on the number of users, but also their rate distributions, and possibly their traffic characteristics. In other words the penalty associated with tuning weights for other schemes can be higher than that associated with estimating users' rate distributions for maximum quantile scheduling. This statement is supported by our simulation results. Furthermore we prove that if rates are bounded and number of users is high, maximum quantile scheduling is sum average throughput maximizing subject to temporal fairness.