Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort

Police officers spend large amounts of time performing duties within a police cruiser and report a high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems. This study evaluated the effects of driver seat and duty belt design on posture, pressure and discomfort. Ten male and 10 female university students attended two sessions involving simulated driving in a standard police seat (CV) and an active lumbar support (ALS) seat. Participants wore a full duty belt (FDB) or reduced duty belt (RDB) in each seat. Lumbar postures, driver-seat and driver-duty belt pressures and perceived discomfort were measured. Gender × Seat interactions were found for pelvic (p = 0.0001) and lumbar postures (p = 0.003). Females had more lumbar flexion than males and were more extended in the ALS seat (−9.8 ± 11.3°) than CV seat (−19.8 ± 9.6°). The FDB had greater seat pressure than the RDB (p < 0.0001), which corresponded to increased pelvis discomfort. This study supports the use of an ALS seat and RDB to reduce injury risk associated with prolonged sitting in police officers. Practitioner Summary: Police officers report a high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems to the lower back, associated with prolonged driving and further investigation is needed to reduce injury risk. This simulated driving study investigated seat and duty belt configuration on biomechanical measures and discomfort. Seat design had the greatest impact, regardless of gender and males benefited more from a reduced belt configuration.
IVSA Code of Research Ethics and Guidelines

The International Visual Sociology Association (IVSA) Code of Research Ethics and Guidelines introduces the principles and ethical standards that underlie professional responsibilities involved in doing visual research. It consists of an introduction, a preamble and a statement of general principles, followed by ten statements of ethical standards. The Code is prefaced by an introduction by Diana Papademas, who led the development and wrote the Code on behalf of the IVSA.
The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap.

* Introduction * The Way We Wish We Were: Defining the Family Crisis * Leave it to Beaver and Ozzie and Harriet: American Families in the 1950s * My Mother Was a Saint: Individualism, Gender Myths, and the Problem of Love * We Always Stood on Our Own Two Feet: Self-reliance and the American Family * Strong Families, the Foundation of a Virtuous Society * Family Values and Civic Responsibility * A Mans Home Is His Castle: The Family and Outside Intervention * Bra-Burners and Family Bashers: Feminism, Working Women, Consumerism, and the Family * First Comes Love, Then Comes Marriage, Then Comes Mary with a Baby Carriage: Marriage, Sex, and Reproduction * Toxic Parents, Supermoms, and Absent Fathers: Putting Parenting in Perspective * Pregnant Girls, Wilding Boys, Crack Babies, and the Underclass * The Myth of the Black Family Collapse * The Crisis Reconsidered * Epilogue: Inventing a New Tradition
The Well-Being of Chinese Immigrant Sons: Importance of Father-Son Attachment, Father Involvement, Father Acceptance and Adolescents' Phenomenological Perceptions of Father-Son Relationship

The present study examined the influence that father's residency status and fatherchild relational qualities have on adolescent psychological adjustment, behavioral outcomes, scholastic achievement, self-identity acculturation, and the subjective wellbeing of Chinese male immigrants from intact, two-parent households. The relational qualities of interest under investigation consisted of father-son attachment, father involvement, and father acceptance-rejection, from the phenomenological perception of children. A total of 86 participants were included in the overall multivariate analyses – 53 in the father present and 33 in the father absent group, respectively. Results indicate that father attachment positively predicts adolescent psychological adjustment in the father present group, independent of mother-child attachment. However, the importance of peer attachment to psychological health and subjective well-being is also observed. The protective effect that father attachment has against psychological maladjustment or personality disposition development is neutralized after adjusting for peer attachment, but not vice versa. In addition, father acceptance also positively associates with adolescent psychological adjustment, whereas father rejection increases the risks of negative personality dispositions. These findings are preliminary due to the small sample size and an overrepresentation of participants with higher educational background.
Ordinary Least Squares Estimation of Parameters in Exploratory Factor Analysis With Ordinal Data

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is often conducted with ordinal data (e.g., items with 5-point responses) in the social and behavioral sciences. These ordinal variables are often treated as if they were continuous in practice. An alternative strategy is to assume that a normally distributed continuous variable underlies each ordinal variable. The EFA model is specified for these underlying continuous variables rather than the observed ordinal variables. Although these underlying continuous variables are not observed directly, their correlations can be estimated from the ordinal variables. These correlations are referred to as polychoric correlations. This article is concerned with ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation of parameters in EFA with polychoric correlations. Standard errors and confidence intervals for rotated factor loadings and factor correlations are presented. OLS estimates and the associated standard error estimates and confidence intervals are illustrated using personality trait ratings from 228 college students. Statistical properties of the proposed procedure are explored using a Monte Carlo study. The empirical illustration and the Monte Carlo study showed that (a) OLS estimation of EFA is feasible with large models, (b) point estimates of rotated factor loadings are unbiased, (c) point estimates of factor correlations are slightly negatively biased with small samples, and (d) standard error estimates and confidence intervals perform satisfactorily at moderately large samples.
Degradation of Arabidopsis CRY2 Is Regulated by SPA Proteins and Phytochrome A[W]

This work examines the role of SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) protein family members in degradation of the UV-A/blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 2 (cry2) and shows that SPAs and phytochrome A promote this process under low fluence rates of blue light most likely by a direct interaction of SPAs with cry2. The UV-A/blue light photoreceptor crytochrome2 (cry2) plays a fundamental role in the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in the facultative long-day plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The cry2 protein level strongly decreases when etiolated seedlings are exposed to blue light; cry2 is first phosphorylated, polyubiquitinated, and then degraded by the 26S proteasome. COP1 is involved in cry2 degradation, but several cop1 mutants show only reduced but not abolished cry2 degradation. SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) proteins are known to work in concert with COP1, and recently direct physical interaction between cry2 and SPA1 was demonstrated. Thus, we hypothesized that SPA proteins could also play a role in cry2 degradation. To this end, we analyzed cry2 protein levels in spa mutants. In all spa mutants analyzed, cry2 degradation under continuous blue light was alleviated in a fluence rate–dependent manner. Consistent with a role of SPA proteins in phytochrome A (phyA) signaling, a phyA mutant had enhanced cry2 levels, particularly under low fluence rate blue light. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer–fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy studies showed a robust physical interaction of cry2 with SPA1 in nuclei of living cells. Our results suggest that cry2 stability is controlled by SPA and phyA, thus providing more information on the molecular mechanisms of interaction between cryptochrome and phytochrome photoreceptors.
Challenges and Dangers of Reporting in a Tumultuous Border Region

Journalists at the El Paso Times routinely cover violence in neighboring Ciudad Juarez, where thousands of men, women, and children have been murdered in recent years. Utilizing border theory and research involving journalists and trauma, this qualitative newsroom study examines how journalists at the El Paso Times are dramatically affected by their daily exposure to the unrelenting violence in this border region. The study recommends that newsroom management provide journalists with the necessary resources and support that will help them cope.
The role of measurement, some statistics, and some factor analysis in family psychology research

Family psychologists primarily use descriptive research methods. Important measurement principles involved include the Spearman-Brown formula and the following principles: measurements do not combine simply, reliabilities and restrictions in the range of variables set limits on correlations, regression toward the mean is inherent, and correlations must be corrected for attenuation to be compared. The author notes that all predictions should be made using regression equations; gain scores and quotients of variables pose problems. Covariances (i.e., partial and multiple correlations to control variables) usually are underadjustments. Statistical tests of significance are flawed, and the use of factor analyses of test items is generally not a good practice. Sample size and the ratio of the number of participants to the number of variables are important.
Offender Risk and Needs Assessment: Some Current Issues and Suggestions

Abstract Crime impacts upon the community at multiple levels, causing distress and loss for the victims, and feelings of insecurity for the public, as well as adding to the drain on financial resources for governments. This makes the accurate identification of risk of reoffending and the determination of efficacious rehabilitation strategies imperative. Key principles in cognitive and behavioural psychology can contribute to this task. This paper will review the issue of risk assessment and describe the applicability of functional analysis to forensic psychology. Two studies by the authors will be used to illustrate concepts raised in this review. The paper will conclude with a model that may help guide the realistic implementation of detailed individual functional analyses of offenders' behaviour.
Breaking the code of the street: extending Elijah Anderson's encryption of violent street governance to retaliation in Scotland

The ‘code of the street’ is a theoretical framework concerning violent interaction. Its enactment on the street can be seen as illustrating a hegemonic masculinity. The typical setting where the code is pervasive is in disadvantaged urban communities. Those in thrall to the code's localised retaliatory edicts are usually young working-class males. Understandably, given the code's origins in the US ghetto, it is a US criminological research tradition which has stimulated the terms of this framework. Although European scholars have pursued theorising violence by recourse to the code, Scotland has not been studied, and the qualitative study reported here aims to remedy this. Based on these data, a behavioural code is evident in Scotland sharing characteristics with Anderson's original contribution, despite differences in terms of chronology and cultural setting. The study contributes to our knowledge of the life histories and personal theorisations of young offenders whose trajectories are arguably entrapped by forms of retaliatory justice and performances of a ‘protest’ type of marginalised masculinity.
Gender and International Migration: Contributions and Cross-Fertilizations

The focus in the gender and migration literature has moved from the recovery of women's experiences, to the mainstreaming of gender within migration studies, to intersectionality. Both mainstreaming and intersectionality have proven to be fertile grounds for cross-fertilization with other fields of social analysis beyond migration studies. This review examines three sites where this happens: migrant care work, transnational families, and gendered analysis of migration policies. First, I briefly cover the shift from a gender mainstreaming approach to an intersectionality approach. I then examine the literature on migrant care work and its contribution to the analysis of economic globalization. I continue with how analyses of transnational parenting may widen our perspective on gender and the family. Finally, I look at how work that integrates gender into its analysis of migration policies may provide new understandings of citizenship.
Differences between Women's and Men's Reproductive Goals in Developing Countries

Clearer understanding of the impact of gender on reproductive decision making is important for the formulation of family planning policy in developing countries. In general gender differences in fertilty goals are most likely to be found in highly patriarchal low-income high-fertility lineage-dominated societies in which formal schooling is relatively uncommon. It is unclear however whether men or women are likely to be more pronatalist in such settings. The physical costs to women of bearing children their responsibility for the day-to-day care of children and mens control over most of the resources could result in higher family size desires on the part of men in patriarchal societies. On the other hand womens economic vulnerability in these societies and the dominance of the maternal role could make women more favorable to higher fertility than men. Under relatively modern gender-equal conditions there is most likely to be a similarity of mens and womens fertility goals. A review of available empirical research on gender factors suggests 4 generalizations: 1) there is considerable variation in the relative fertility goals of the sexes across countries and studies; 2) the area of greatest gender asymmetry is the extent to which sons are preferred over daughters; 3) mens tendency to strongly prefer sons may account for their weak tendency to desire additional children more than women do; and 4) more often than not mens and womens fertility goals are the same.
Voices from the Group

Summary This article presents experiential reactions of male and female domestic violence perpetrators one year after completing a 52-week court-mandated intervention program. Data were derived from in-depth interviews as part of a larger research study looking at recidivism and other outcomes in a probation department with a domestic violence courtand a coordinated legal, programmatic and community response. Overall, elements that were most helpful in domestic violence intervention were primarily relational ones, such as group support and therapist/facilitator alliances, and secondarily, specific strategies of handling anger and other emotions, and interpersonal communication. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for therapists and facilitators involved in providing services for this population.
Broiler Breast Enhancement through the Utilization of Chicken Collagen in a Chunked and Formed Deli Roll

3.1 ABSTRACT A randomized complete block design with four treatments (100% pale, soft, and exudative (PSE), 100% PSE + 1.5% chicken collagen, 100% normal, and 100% normal + 1.5% chicken collagen) and six replications was utilized to test the effects of raw material and chicken collagen on protein functionality in the formulation of chunked and formed broiler breast. Addition of 1.5 % chicken collagen decreased (p<0.05) the cooking and chilling loss of PSE and normal deli rolls, thus demonstrating it’s potential to improve moisture retention. Inclusion of chicken collagen also increased (p<0.05) protein bind in the PSE deli rolls so that it was not different (p>0.05) from normal rolls without collagen. This research demonstrated that enhancement of broiler breast with chicken collagen has the potential to add value to broiler breast deli rolls manufactured from PSE and normal raw material through the improvement of water holding capacity and protein binding.
Equation of state and elasticity of FeSi

FeSi may be one of the main products of the reaction between molten iron and mantle silicates. We use both the Local Density Approximation (LDA) and the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) to Density Functional Theory (DFT) to analyze the structural behavior of FeSi and to determine its elastic properties up to high pressures. According to our calculations, at lowermost mantle pressure conditions, FeSi is in the B2 (CsCl‐type) structure. The B20‐B2 transition takes place at 30 GPa in LDA and 40 GPa in GGA and is characterized by a 0.35 g/cm3 shift in density.
ACR guidance document on MR safe practices: 2013

Because there are many potential risks in the MR environment and reports of adverse incidents involving patients, equipment and personnel, the need for a guidance document on MR safe practices emerged. Initially published in 2002, the ACR MR Safe Practices Guidelines established de facto industry standards for safe and responsible practices in clinical and research MR environments. As the MR industry changes the document is reviewed, modified and updated. The most recent version will reflect these changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:501–530. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Future Time Perspective as a Predictor of School Investment

This article deals with the relation between students' future time perspectives and their investment in schooling. Future time perspective is regarded as a predictor and school investment as the behaviour to be explained. In this study involving over 600 students from all grades of secondary education it was found that different future time perspectives, particularly those related to school career and professional career, are good predictors of school investment. It was also investigated whether students' gender, school type, grade, socio-economic status, fear of failure and locus of control have an influence on the relation between future time perspective and school investment. This proved to be the case for locus of control.
An Empirical Study on Job Satisfaction, Job‐Related Stress and Intention to Leave Among Audit Staff in Public Accounting Firms in Melaka

This study investigated the relationship between job satisfaction, job‐related stress and intention to leave among audit staff in public accounting firms. Effects of demographic factors on job satisfaction; and the relationship between the elements of two‐factor theory with job satisfaction and job‐related stress were also identified. Data for the study was collected through questionnaires. Statistical analysis such as chi‐square test, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regressions were used. The results indicated that job satisfaction and job‐related stress were significantly related to intention to leave the job. Only demographic factors such as pay or salary, job position and highest education achieved were found to have effect on job satisfaction. Elements of motivators and elements of hygiene were related to job satisfaction and jobrelated stress respectively. The findings of this study may contribute to planning and implementing human resource management’s (HRM) retention strategies. Several suggestions for future research are also presented. If the antecedents of intention to leave can be identified, appropriate HRM practices may minimize dysfunctional turnover of high quality employees.
Situated-‘instant’ metaphors: Creativity in Spanish 15M slogans

This paper studies the metaphorical expressions created as slogans by the Spanish protesters who gathered spontaneously in Madrid’s Puerta del Sol Square on May 15th 2011 to demand economic equality and democracy. The metaphors analysed are situated and context-induced, as well as ‘instant’, as they were produced in a very short, concrete period of time; in a specific physical location — the Puerta del Sol Square, Madrid; and within an equally specific socio-cultural situation — a political and economic crisis. In addition, the metaphors were created within a more general Spanish socio-cultural context, clearly shown in the slogans. The analysis reveals a variety of linguistic and multimodal mechanisms that interact with contextual factors resulting in a series of creative multimodal metaphors. This creativity actually fulfils a number of significant discourse-pragmatic functions, from attracting attention to etching in memory, but most of all, they are conceived as powerful rhetorical tools that help others to perceive reality in a new perspective and try to persuade people to join the movement and influence politicians and decision makers.
It’s Not Me, It’s You

The ubiquity of surveys in organizational research means that their quality is of paramount importance. Commonly this has been addressed through the use of sophisticated statistical approaches with scant attention paid to item comprehension. Linguistic theory suggests that while everyone may understand an item, they may comprehend it in different ways. We explore this in two studies in which we administered three published scales and asked respondents to indicate what they believed the items meant, and a third study that replicated the results with an additional scale. These demonstrate three forms of miscomprehension: instructional (where instructions are not followed), sentential (where the syntax of a sentence is enriched or depleted as it is interpreted), and lexical (where different meanings of words are deployed). These differences in comprehension are not appreciable using conventional statistical analyses yet can produce significantly different results and cause respondents to tap into different concepts. These results suggest that item interpretation is a significant source of error, which has been hitherto neglected in the organizational literature. We suggest remedies and directions for future research.