Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DES, AES and Blowfish: Symmetric Key Cryptography Algorithms Simulation Based Performance Analysis

Security is the most challenging aspects in the internet and network applications. Internet and networks applications are growing very fast, so the importance and the value of the exchanged data over the internet or other media types are increasing. Hence the search for the best solution to offer the necessary protection against the data intruders' attacks along with providing these services in time is one of the most interesting subjects in the security related communities. Cryptography is the one of the main categories of computer security that converts information from its normal form into an unreadable form. The two main characteristics that identify and differentiate one encryption algorithm from another are its ability to secure the protected data against attacks and its speed and efficiency in doing so. This paper provides a fair comparison between three most common symmetric key cryptography algorithms: DES, AES, and Blowfish. Since main concern here is the performance of algorithms under different settings, the presented comparison takes into consideration the behavior and the performance of the algorithm when different data loads are used. The comparison is made on the basis of these parameters: speed, block size, and key size. Simulation program is implemented using Java programming.
WATER VAPOR EMISSION REVEALS A HIGHLY OBSCURED, STAR-FORMING NUCLEAR REGION IN THE QSO HOST GALAXY APM 08279+5255 AT z = 3.9

We present the detection of four rotational emission lines of water vapor, from energy levels Eu/k = 101–454 K, in the gravitationally lensed z = 3.9 QSO host galaxy APM 08279+5255. While the lowest H2 O lines are collisionally excited in clumps of warm, dense gas (density of hydrogen nuclei , gas temperature Tg ∼ 105 ± 21 K), we find that the excitation of the higher lines is dominated by the intense local infrared radiation field. Since only collisionally excited emission contributes to gas cooling, we conclude that H2 O is not a significant coolant of the warm molecular gas. Our excitation model requires the radiatively excited gas to be located in an extended region of high 100 μ m opacity (τ100 = 0.9 ± 0.2). Locally, such extended infrared-opaque regions are found only in the nuclei of ultraluminous infrared galaxies. We propose a model where the infrared-opaque circumnuclear cloud, which is penetrated by the X-ray radiation field of the QSO nucleus, contains clumps of massive star formation where the H2 O emission originates. The radiation pressure from the intense local infrared radiation field exceeds the thermal gas pressure by about an order of magnitude, suggesting close to Eddington-limited star formation in these clumps.
Why do some people with type 2 diabetes who are using insulin have poor glycaemic control? A qualitative study

Objective To explore factors influencing poor glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes using insulin. Research design A qualitative method comprising in-depth individual interviews. A semistructured interview guide was used. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach. Participants Seventeen people with type 2 diabetes using insulin with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥9% for >1 year. Setting The Primary Care Clinic and Diabetes Clinic in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia. Results Data analysis uncovered four themes: lifestyle challenges in adhering to medical recommendations; psychosocial and emotional hurdles; treatment-related factors; lack of knowledge about and self-efficacy in diabetes self-care. Conclusions Factors that explain the poor glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes using insulin were identified. Healthcare providers could use these findings to address patients’ concerns during consultations and help to improve glycaemic control.
Oxygen Sensing in Health and Disease Antioxidant intervention does not affect the response of plasma erythropoietin to short-term normobaric hypoxia in humans

A. M. Niess, E. Fehrenbach, I. Lorenz, A. Müller, H. Northoff, H. -H. Dickhuth, and E. M. Schneider Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tuebingen, D-72074 Tuebingen; Department of Rehabilitative and Preventive Sports Medicine, Center of Internal Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg; Department of Transfusion Medicine, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen; and Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ulm, D-89077 Ulm, Germany
RELATIONSHIP OF PERIOPERATIVE HYPERGLYCEMIA AND POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION IN ELECTIVE ABDOMINAL SURGERY IN NON DIABETIC PATIENT

BACKGROUND: Postoperative infections are common in surgical patients leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Patients are susceptible to stress-induced hyperglycemia following operation, independent of the diabetic status. Perioperative hyperglycemia in critically ill surgical patients increases the risk of postoperative infections and its consequences. Despite 30 million operations performed in United States and much more in India each year, the clear association between perioperative blood glucose (BG) level and postoperative infection (POI) remain ill-deﬁned for the majority of surgery patients. AIM: To identify the relationship of perioperative hyperglycemia and post-operative infection in elective abdominal surgery in non diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective, observational study of 150 patients who were non diabetic and underwent an elective abdominal surgery. The primary outcome of interest was POI, deﬁned as the occurrence of 1 or more reports of pneumonia, wound infections, urinary tract infections, and sepsis in the ﬁrst 30 days after surgery and one year after surgery in case of use of prosthesis. The primary predictor of interest was peri-operative hyperglycemia, deﬁned as the RBS of >150mg/dl in the perioperative period (just prior to surgery and within 12 hr and within 24 hr after the skin closure). In the study 500 patient were screened for perioperative hyperglycemia out of which only 150(30%) patient had RBS>150mg/dl in perioperative period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was signiﬁcant change in RBS in the perioperative period. The overall incidence of POI in 150 cases of Elective Abdominal Surgeries was 7.33%. Wound infection was observed in 7 cases (4.66%) and 4 cases (2.66%) had respiratory complication. Risk factors like old age, contaminated wound, higher ASA grade and increased duration of surgery are associated with increased POI.The most common complication was wound infection
Meta methods for model sharing in personal information systems

This article introduces a methodology for automatically organizing document collections into thematic categories for Personal Information Management (PIM) through collaborative sharing of machine learning models in an efficient and privacy-preserving way. Our objective is to combine multiple independently learned models from several users to construct an advanced ensemble-based decision model by taking the knowledge of multiple users into account in a decentralized manner, for example, in a peer-to-peer overlay network. High accuracy of the corresponding supervised (classification) and unsupervised (clustering) methods is achieved by restrictively leaving out uncertain documents rather than assigning them to inappropriate topics or clusters with low confidence. We introduce a formal probabilistic model for the resulting ensemble based meta methods and explain how it can be used for constructing estimators and for goal-oriented tuning. Comprehensive evaluation results on different reference data sets illustrate the viability of our approach.
The Effect of Ethnicity on Multicultural Competence

The contribution of ethnicity to counseling students’ multicultural counseling competence (MCC) was revisited and expanded upon by examining differences among and between European American, African American, and Latino counseling students. Results revealed that Latino counseling students self-reported higher multicultural counseling competence than African American and European American counseling students. No difference in multicultural counseling competence was revealed between African American and European American counseling students. Implications for future research and multicultural training are discussed.
Equatorial Atmospheric and Ionospheric Modeling at Kwajalein Missile Range

During the last peak of the solar activity cycle, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the spatial and temporal variations of the equatorial ionosphere had a significant impact on the measurement accuracy of the ARPA Long-Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar (ALTAIR) at the Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR), primarily because of poorly modeled ionospheric range and elevationangle bias errors. As missile-reentry-vehicle and space-surveillance missions have developed at KMR, improvements in ALTAIR measurement accuracy have illustrated that unmodeled atmospheric refraction is the principal error source limiting sensor accuracy. Modeling equatorial ionospheric activity and then removing its effect on KMR data is particularly challenging, since the radar is located beneath a complex region of the earth’s ionosphere. To characterize the spatial and temporal electron distribution in the ionosphere, real-time measurement data are required to adjust the models to match actual conditions. An effort to better characterize both peak and disturbed ionospheric conditions in real time has resulted in the ionospheric error-correction model (IECM). This article discusses the KMR atmospheric models, and presents representative equatorial ionospheric data as viewed by ALTAIR along with an evaluation of the IECM at removing these range and elevation-angle bias errors.
Profiles of Irish survivors of institutional abuse with different adult attachment styles

Two hundred and forty seven survivors of institutional abuse in Ireland were classified with the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory as having fearful (44%), preoccupied (13%), dismissive (27%), or secure (17%) adult attachment styles. The group with the secure adult attachment style had the most positive profile, while the most negative profile occurred for the fearful group in terms of DSM IV diagnoses and scores on the Trauma Symptom Inventory, the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life 100 scale, and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The profile of the preoccupied group was more similar to that of the fearful group. The profile of the dismissive group was more similar to that of the secure group.
Identification of a 12-Gene Signature for Lung Cancer Prognosis through Machine Learning

Personalized medicine is critical for lung cancer treatment. Different gene signatures that can classify lung cancer patients as high- or low-risk for cancer recurrence have been found. The aim of this study is to identify a novel gene signature that has higher recurrence risk prediction accuracy for non-small cell lung cancer patients than previous re-search, which can clearly differentiate the high- and low-risk groups. To accomplish this we employed an ensemble of feature selection algorithms, an ensemble of classification algorithms, and a genetic algorithm, an evolutionary search algorithm. Compared to one previous study, our 12-gene signature more accurately classifies the patients in the training set (n = 256), 57.32% compared to 50.78%, as well as in the two test sets (n = 104 and n = 82), 67.07% compared to 54.9% and 57.32% compared to 54.8%; where the prediction accuracy was determined by the average of the four classifiers. Through Kaplan-Meier analysis on high- and low-risk patients our 12-gene signature revealed statistically significant risk differentiation in each data set: the training set had a p-value less than 0.001 (log-rank) and the two test sets had (log-rank) p-values less than 0.05. Analysis of the posterior probabilities revealed strong correlation between 5-year survival and the 12-gene signature. Also, functional pathway analysis uncovered associations between the 12-gene signature and cancer causing genes in the literature.
Integrating an agent-based model of malaria mosquitoes with a geographic information system

Agent-based models (ABMs) are used to model infectious diseases and disease-transmitting vectors. Malaria is a deadly infectious disease in humans, transmitted by Anopheles mosquito vectors. Although geographic information system (GIS) has been used before with ABMs, no ABM-based malaria study showed the usage of custom-built spatial outputs integrated within a modeling framework. In this paper, we show how to effectively integrate a malaria ABM with GIS-based, spatially derived parameters. For a specific study area, we process GIS data layers, create hypothetical scenarios, produce maps, and analyze biological insights. Results indicate that availability of resources and relative distances between them are crucial determinants for malaria transmission. The maps also reveal potential hotspots for the measured variables. We argue that such integrated approaches, which combine knowledge from entomological, epidemiological, simulation-based, and geo-spatial domains, are required for the identification of relationships between spatial variables, and may have important implications for malaria vector control. Â© 2013 DIME UNIVERSITAT DI GENOVA.
Sadness and Susceptibility to Judgmental Bias: The Case of Anchoring

In a wide range of empirical paradigms, sadness has been associated with more extensive and detail-oriented thinking than happiness, resulting in reductions in judgmental bias that arise from reliance on stereotypes and other simple decision heuristics. It was hypothesized that anchoring would constitute a significant exception to this general pattern. Recent research on anchoring indicates that an active thought process underlies the emergence of this bias. If sad people are likely to think more actively about the judgmental anchor than their neutral-mood counterparts, their subsequent judgments should be more likely to be assimilated toward this reference point. This prediction was confirmed in two experiments demonstrating that sad people are indeed more susceptible to anchoring bias than are people in a neutral mood. Moreover, this effect generalized over judgments in positive, neutral, and negative content domains.
Institutions and Economic Performance: What Can Be Explained?

Institutions are now widely believed to be important in explaining performance. In this paper, we analyze whether commonly used measures of institutions have any significant, measurable impact on performance, whether of countries or firms. We look at three ‘levels’ of institutions and associated conjectures. The first concerns whether the political system affects performance. The second concerns whether the business and investment environment affects the performance of countries and the third concerns whether perceived business constraints directly affect the performance of firms. In all instances, we find little evidence of a robust link between widely used measures of institutions and our indicators of performance. We consider why this might be the case and argue that mis-measurement, mis-specification, complexity and non-linearity are all relevant factors.
Better NFS through RDMA and Ef(cid:2)cient Memory Registration

NFS over RDMA implementations on two operating systems are shown to achieve 10 gigabit In(cid:2)niband wire saturation with careful management of memory registration. While NFS is highly desirable in grid computing environments for its familiar (cid:2)le API and ease of management, performance issues in its implementations over Ethernet protocol stacks have impeded its use in them. We show that NFS version 3 clients and servers on two architecturally distinct operating systems can be layered atop the new RPC/RDMA protocol, and achieve outstanding performance through the use of appropriate memory registration techniques. With NFS/RDMA and In(cid:2)niband, we demonstrate performance in excess of 700MB/s on OpenSolaris and 900MB/s on Linux, at CPU utilizations of only 10%.
Should intravenous thrombolysis keep a place in the treatment of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction?

Following the recognition of the role of intracoronary thrombus in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction, intracoronary, then intravenous thrombolysis have been documented as the first methods capable of achieving adequate reperfusion of the jeopardized myocardium. The clinical consequence of early reperfusion was a reduction in mortality rates at the acute stage. Subsequently, coronary angioplasty has shown its capacity to reopen recently occluded arteries, and the direct comparison of intravenous thrombolysis with percutaneous coronary angioplasty performed in an ‘ideal’ setting has consistently shown the superiority of the mechanical compared with the pharmacological approach. The most recent randomized trials comparing both modes of reperfusion therapy have shown that better clinical results were achieved using coronary angioplasty, even when the patients had to be transferred from an initial institution to another one, with the capability to perform interventional cardiology. Following these results, one might reasonably wonder whether intravenous thrombolysis should remain a part of the therapeutic armamentarium of acute myocardial infarction. The answer to this question is obvious in countries where the network of institutions equipped for 24 h a day, 7 days a week interventional cardiology is lacking or insufficient. The recent Clopidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial (COMMIT) trial1 is there to remind us that, in developing countries, intravenous thrombolysis remains the first treatment of acute myocardial infarction. In countries where interventional cardiology is more easily available, however, the question of a 100% shift from thrombolysis to coronary angioplasty is posed, and the paper by Bjorklund et al . 2 is therefore important to clarify this issue. The authors analysed the data from the permanent Swedish register of acute myocardial infarction from 2001 … *Corresponding author. Tel: +33 156 09 37 14; fax: +33 156 09 25 72. E-mail address : nicolas.danchin{at}egp.ap-hop-paris.fr
Scale-Free Nature of Java Software Package, Class and Method Collaboration Graphs

Software collaboration graphs for two Open Source software projects written in the Java programming language, the Kowari Metastore and JRDF, were analyzed for fifteen-month periods of development. Collaboration graphs were produced at the package, class and method levels. The collaboration graphs were found to form networks which exhibited approximately scale-free properties at all three levels and during each period analyzed. This finding tends to support claims made by others that software class collaboration graphs approximate scale-free networks and provides new insights that they seem to retain the scale-free properties across different levels of granularity and over the course of their development life cycle. Significant differences between the magnitudes of power law exponents identified and those found in C and C++ applications by previous researchers are noted and discussed. Specifically, only the method-level collaboration graphs were found to have power law exponents in the most common range for scale-free networks (2 < γ < 3).
Are Some Countries More Honest than Others? Evidence from a Tax Compliance Experiment in Sweden and Italy

This study examines cultural differences in ordinary dishonesty between Italy and Sweden, two countries with different reputations for trustworthiness and probity. Exploiting a set of cross-cultural tax compliance experiments, we find that the average level of tax evasion (as a measure of ordinary dishonesty) does not differ significantly between Swedes and Italians. However, we also uncover differences in national “styles” of dishonesty. Specifically, while Swedes are more likely to be either completely honest or completely dishonest in their fiscal declarations, Italians are more prone to fudging (i.e., cheating by a small amount). We discuss the implications of these findings for the evolution and enforcement of honesty norms.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja Fisik, Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Pln Cabang Surakarta

This research have an aim to examine the influence of leadership, physical working enviromental, and compensation to employee performance at PT. PLN Surakarta. This research was doing at PT. PLN Surakarta with all permanent employee population. PT. PLN’s permanent employee population is 50 people. Technique and methode analysis in this research was using multiple regression analysis. The result of this research show that leadership, physical working enviromental, and compensation has positive influence
Early emotional and communication functioning predicting the academic trajectories of refugee children in Canada

Abstract We examined how emotional and communication functioning at kindergarten predicted the academic trajectories of refugee children. Drawing from a population-based Canadian cohort, the study followed 629 refugee children from age 5 to 13 and (i) modeled kindergarten, Grade 4, and Grade 7 academic trajectories via group-based trajectory modeling and (ii) investigated to what extent teacher ratings of kindergarten emotional and communication functioning predicted academic trajectory group membership. Three groups were identified: ‘Average’ (n = 438), ‘Declining’ (n = 119), and ‘Low-But-Improving’ (n = 72) groups. Logistic regression analyses revealed that, in comparison to the Average trajectory, lower emotional functioning at kindergarten was associated with an increased likelihood of a Declining academic trajectory, whereas lower communication functioning at kindergarten was associated with a greater likelihood of a Low-But-Improving trajectory (versus an Average trajectory). The findings indicate that refugee children are more likely to overcome early communication challenges versus emotional challenges to achieve academically, and this has important implications for early mental health support.
A Test of Pre-Main-Sequence Evolutionary Models across the Stellar/Substellar Boundary Based on Spectra of the Young Quadruple GG Tauri

We present spatially separated optical spectra of the components of the young hierarchical quadruple GG Tau. Spectra of GG Tau Aa and Ab (separation 0.″25 ~ 35 AU) were obtained with the Faint Object Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Spectra of GG Tau Ba and Bb (separation 1.″48 ~ 207 AU) were obtained with both the HIRES and the LRIS spectrographs on the W. M. Keck telescopes. The components of this minicluster, which span a wide range in spectral type (K7-M7), are used to test both evolutionary models and the temperature scale for very young, low-mass stars under the assumption of coeval formation. Of the evolutionary models tested, those of Baraffe et al. yield the most consistent ages when combined with a temperature scale intermediate between that of dwarfs and giants. The version of the Baraffe et al. models computed with a mixing length nearly twice the pressure scale height is of particular interest, as it predicts masses for GG Tau Aa and Ab that are in agreement with their dynamical mass estimate. Using this evolutionary model and a coeval (at 1.5 Myr) temperature scale, we find that the coldest component of the GG Tau system, GG Tau Bb, is substellar with a mass of 0.044 ± 0.006 M☉. This brown dwarf companion is especially intriguing as it shows signatures of accretion, although this accretion is not likely to alter its mass significantly. GG Tau Bb is currently the lowest mass, spectroscopically confirmed companion to a T Tauri star, and is one of the coldest, lowest mass T Tauri objects in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region.