Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Calcineurin-mediated Endocytosis and α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors Prevents Amyloid β Oligomer-induced Synaptic Disruption

Synaptic degeneration, including impairment of synaptic plasticity and loss of synapses, is an important feature of Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that these degenerative synaptic changes are associated with an accumulation of soluble oligomeric assemblies of amyloid β (Aβ) known as ADDLs. In primary hippocampal cultures ADDLs bind to a subpopulation of neurons. However the molecular basis of this cell type-selective interaction is not understood. Here, using siRNA screening technology, we identified α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits and calcineurin as candidate genes potentially involved in ADDL-neuron interactions. Immunocolocalization experiments confirmed that ADDL binding occurs in dendritic spines that express surface AMPA receptors, particularly the calcium-impermeable type II AMPA receptor subunit (GluR2). Pharmacological removal of the surface AMPA receptors or inhibition of AMPA receptors with antagonists reduces ADDL binding. Furthermore, using co-immunoprecipitation and photoreactive amino acid cross-linking, we found that ADDLs interact preferentially with GluR2-containing complexes. We demonstrate that calcineurin mediates an endocytotic process that is responsible for the rapid internalization of bound ADDLs along with surface AMPA receptor subunits, which then both colocalize with cpg2, a molecule localized specifically at the postsynaptic endocytic zone of excitatory synapses that plays an important role in activity-dependent glutamate receptor endocytosis. Both AMPA receptor and calcineurin inhibitors prevent oligomer-induced surface AMPAR and spine loss. These results support a model of disease pathogenesis in which Aβ oligomers interact selectively with neurotransmission pathways at excitatory synapses, resulting in synaptic loss via facilitated endocytosis. Validation of this model in human disease would identify therapeutic targets for Alzheimer disease.
Observer-based H∞ control for uncertain neutral systems

An observer-based robust H∞ control for a class of linear uncertain neutral-type systems is presented in this paper. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, a delay-dependent condition for the existence of a linear full-order robust H∞ controller is constructed. By the singular value decomposition (SVD) approach, the result can be expressed in terms of a set of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proposed approach involves neither model transformation nor bounding techniques for cross terms. A numerical example is given to illustrate the usefulness of the method.
High Stakes Principalship—Sleepless Nights, Heart Attacks and Sudden Death Accountabilities: Reading Media Representations of the United States Principal Shortage

The possible shortage of applicants for principal positions is news in both Australia and abroad. We subject a corpus of predominantly United States (US) news articles to deconstructive narrative analysis and find that the dominant media representation of principals' work is one of long hours, low salary, high stress and sudden death from high stakes accountabilities. However, reported US policy interventions focus predominantly on professional development for aspirants. We note that this will be insufficient to reverse the lack of applications, and suggest that the dominant media picture of completely unattractive principals' work, meant to leverage a policy solution, will perhaps paradoxically perpetuate the problem. The dominant media picture is also curiously at odds with research that reports high job satisfaction among principals. We suggest that there is a binary of victim and saviour principal in both media and policy which prevents some strategic re-thinking about how the principalship might be different.
Reactivity of Copper Electrodes towards Functional Groups and Small Molecules in the Context of CO2 Electro-Reductions

The direct electro-reduction of CO2 to functional molecules like ethene is a highly desirable variant of CO2 utilization. The formation of, for example, ethene from CO2 is a multistep electrochemical process going through various intermediates. As these intermediates are organic species, the CO2 reducing electro-catalyst has to be competent for a variety of organic functional group transformations to yield the final product. In this work, the activity of an in situ-grown nano-structured copper catalyst towards a variety of organic functional group conversions was studied. The model reagents were selected from the product spectrum of actual CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) experiments and from proposals in the literature. The CO2 bulk electrolysis benchmark was conducted at 170 mAcm−2 current density with up to 43% Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for ethene and 23% FE for ethanol simultaneously. To assure relevance for application-oriented conditions, the reactivity screening was conducted at elevated current densities and, thus, overpotentials. The found reactivity pattern was then also transferred to the CO reduction reaction (CORR) under benchmark conditions yielding additional insights. The results suggest that at high current density/high overpotential conditions, also other ethene formation pathways apart from acetaldehyde reduction such as CH2 dimerization are present. A new suggestion for a high current density mechanism will be presented, which is in agreement with the experimental observations and the found activity pattern of copper cathodes toward organic functional group conversion.
Breast cancer screening in Brazil: an assessment of supply and use of Brazilian National Health System health care network for the period 2010-2012.

OBJECTIVE to assess the supply and use of procedures for early detection, diagnosis and surgeries of breast cancer in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). METHODS descriptive study using data from SUS Ambulatory Care and Hospital Information Systems, and from the National Register of Health Care Facilities; the indicators of supply and use of these services in Brazil and its macroregions for 2010-2012 were calculated. RESULTS the ratio mammography equipment and female population/100 thousand remained stable (1.5), ranging from 1.0 in the North region to 2.0 in the South; the ratio mammograms and female population/100 thousand increased in all macroregions; there was a low proportion of diagnostic procedures when compared to the estimates (biopsy, 11.5%; core biopsy, 16.6% in women aged 50-69 years); the installed capacity decreased, however the production increased, and the supply (3,995,627) was below the necessary to cover 70% (7,785,415). CONCLUSION there are inequalities in supply and use of the procedures in the Brazilian regions, and the access to diagnosis is worrisome.
Out-of-Level Testing of Special Education Students with a Standardized Achievement Battery.

There is an accelerated movement toward educating special education students in the regular class setting. Such students are said to be "mainstreamed," which refers to the temporal, social and instructional integration of eligible special students with normal peers (Kaufman, Gottlieb, Agard, & Kukic, 1975). The implementation of "mainstreaming" requires the reanalysis of appropriate performance objectives and assessment measures for these special students. Although the traditional goals of the educable mentally retarded (EMR) program (occupational and social competence) need not be neglected, cognitive goals such as reading and mathematical skills become more salient. The most definitive type of cognitive measure is the standardized achievement test, Stanford, Metropolitan, and others. However, the use of these tests raises questions of appropriateness on several grounds. Special education students were not included in the norming; there are no separate reliability and validity estimates for such students; and most importantly, there is an issue of what level of test to administer the "mainstreamed" student is placed at or near his chronological age-grade, but his achievement may be many gradelevels lower. Current experience in California with mainstreaming of former special class retarded and other learning disabled students indicates that the preponderance of such students are overwhelmed with the difficulty of the test level administered to their regular class peers; considerable numbers of them refuse to try, quit, run from the room, cry, etc. Nevertheless, the use of standardized achievement tests has the overriding advantage of having items developed over a series of trial testings. It may be argued that these tests are a good starting point for assessing the academic progress of "mainstreamed" students who are placed in the regular setting. The usual procedure for selecting the most appropriate level of a standardized achievement test is based upon grade placement, that is, grade 5 students are administered the test whose range includes their grade level. However, Kirk (1964) reviewed a series of studies which found that the reading achievement of mentally retarded children in special classes was generally below the achievement expected for their mental age. Assigning tests to these mainstreamed EMR students who read two or more grade levels below their class thus appears inappropriate. A test becomes more unreliable at the extreme ends of its distribution of scores (Nunnally, 1967) because of the chance factor with fewer appropriate items or because of non-responding. An al
The Social-Spatial Constitution of Business Organizations: A Geographical Perspective

Business organizations are important subjects in organizational studies, but their social-spatial constitution is largely caricatured in the existing theoretical literature. This paper examines the nature and operations of business organizations, arguing that the concept of business organizations embraces more than their rigid separation from the external environment. Business organizations should rather be conceptualized as causal agencies capable of exercising their peculiar modes of rationality; they gain causal powers from ongoing networks of social relations embedded in society and space. The quest for control, power and strategic advantages provides the central dynamics to a continuous process of structuration between business organizations and their network relations. In practice, business organizations become a network form of governance structure that replaces `spaces of firms' by `spaces of network relations'. Because business organizations are embedded in network relations, they must also be embedded in geographically specific localities in order to reproduce themselves. This notion of the geographical embeddedness of business organization is further illustrated with an example of Chinese business organizations from Hong Kong. Some elements of a future research agenda are proposed in the concluding section.
ZnO-based transparent thin-film transistors

Highly transparent ZnO-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated with optical transmission (including substrate) of ∼75% in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Current–voltage measurements indicate n-channel, enhancement-mode TFT operation with excellent drain current saturation and a drain current on-to-off ratio of ∼107. Threshold voltages and channel mobilities of devices fabricated to date range from ∼10 to 20 V and ∼0.3 to 2.5 cm2/V s, respectively. Exposure to ambient light has little to no observable effect on the drain current. In contrast, exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation results in persistent photoconductivity, associated with the creation of electron-hole pairs by ultraviolet photons with energies greater than the ZnO band gap. Light sensitivity is reduced by decreasing the ZnO channel layer thickness. One attractive application for transparent TFTs involves their use as select-transistors in each pixel of an active-matrix liquid-crystal display.
Lexical access and lexical diversity in first language attrition*

This paper presents an investigation of lexical first language (L1) attrition, asking how a decrease in lexical accessibility manifests itself in long-term residents in a second language (L2) environment. We question the measures typically used in attrition studies (formal tasks and type–token ratios) and argue for an in-depth analysis of free spoken data, including factors such as lexical frequency and distributional measures. The study is based on controlled, elicited and free data from two populations of attriters of L1 German (L2 Dutch and English) and a control population (n = 53 in each group). Group comparisons and a Discriminant Analysis show that lexical diversity, sophistication and the distribution of items across the text in free speech are better predictors of group membership than formal tasks or elicited narratives. Extralinguistic factors, such as frequency of exposure and use or length of residence, have no predictive power for our results.
Toward a psychology of chronic time pressure

Complaints about time shortage permeate contemporary western societies. Many disciplines, from sociology to economics, have been involved in research and theorizing about time shortage, in contrast to the paucity of psychological research. This review of the extant heterogeneous terminology proposes that chronic time pressure (CTP) be used as temporary overarching term, subsuming the objective component of time shortage and the subjective-emotional component of being rushed. Feeling rushed may lead to the perception of time shortage. The review explores how most previous research on CTP used surveys and time-diaries that were developed to assess time allocations and have limited usefulness in examining subjective temporal experience. The recently developed Experience Sampling Method and Daily Reconstruction Method, combined with in-depth interviews, augment existing methods and may provide detailed analyses of the being rushed component of CTP. Conceptual ties to other disciplines and to well-being and stress research are also emphasized.
Tackling contradictions in teachers’ understanding of gravity and air resistance

Abstract Concerns over teachers’ knowledge of science, particularly their understanding of forces, are reviewed. The article reports a study which explored the understanding of gravity and air resistance among a group of primary teachers on an in‐service course. Two main misconceptions were identified. The first, that heavy objects fall more quickly than light ones, seemed to arise from seeing the effect of air resistance on the descent of light objects. The second, that gravity pulls all objects equally, seemed to arise from the observation that all objects which are heavy for their size fall at approximately the same rate. The idea that the forces from air resistance and gravity are balanced when terminal velocity is reached was also resisted by the teachers who felt that an object must be stationary when there is no resultant force. A sequence of teaching which tackled these misconceptions and the teachers’ difficulties with balanced forces was evaluated. The discussion considers ways in which such wor.
Confirmation of Anopheles varuna in vietnam, previously misidentified and mistargeted as the malaria vector Anopheles minimus.

Malaria control programs in Southeast Asia are faced with several questions concerning vector behavior and species identification, which need to be answered to consolidate and further improve the results of control practices. The vector system in Southeast Asia is complex because of the number of species potentially involved in malaria transmission. Additionally, the follow-up and evaluation of preventive control measures are hampered by the misidentification of vectors due to overlapping morphological characters of the female mosquitoes. In central Vietnam, control practices are aimed at 2 main species, Anopheles dirus s.l. and Anopheles minimus s.l. These reputed vectors were studied in an area of Binh Thuan Province of south-central Vietnam. Different collection methods were used to capture mosquitoes quarterly during a 1-year period. Mosquitoes were identified in the field and later subjected to detailed morphological examination and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. What was thought to be an unusual morphotype of An. minimus was shown to be Anopheles varuna, and most specimens identified as the former species in the field proved to be the latter species. Very few An. minimus individuals were found during the study period. The population of An. varuna was found to be highly zoophilic, and based on this behavior, it cannot be considered a vector in Vietnam. Because this species was previously being misidentified as An. minimus, a nonvector was mistargeted as a malaria vector in Binh Thuan Province. Anopheles dirus, which was found positive for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is clearly the main vector in this area. Despite the fact that several potential secondary vectors were found during the study, the primary target for vector control in the region should be An. dirus.
Statistical Investigation of the Fatigue Life of Deep-Groove Ball Bearings

Fatigue is an important factor in determining the service life of ball bearings. Bearing manufacturers are therefore constantly engaged in fatigue-testing operations in order to obtain information relating fatigue life to load and other factors. Several of the larger manufacturers have recently pooled their test data in a cooperative effort to set up uniform and standardized ball-bearing application formulas, which would benefit the many users of antifriction bearings. These data were compiled by the American Standards Association, which subsequently requested that the National Bureau of Standards perform the necessary analyses. This paper summarizes the principal results of the analyses undertaken by the Bureau, and describes the statistical procedures used in the investigation.
Identification and Characterization of Cronobacter Iron Acquisition Systems

ABSTRACT Cronobacter spp. are emerging pathogens that cause severe infantile meningitis, septicemia, or necrotizing enterocolitis. Contaminated powdered infant formula has been implicated as the source of Cronobacter spp. in most cases, but questions still remain regarding the natural habitat and virulence potential for each strain. The iron acquisition systems in 231 Cronobacter strains isolated from different sources were identified and characterized. All Cronobacter spp. have both the Feo and Efe systems for acquisition of ferrous iron, and all plasmid-harboring strains (98%) have the aerobactin-like siderophore, cronobactin, for transport of ferric iron. All Cronobacter spp. have the genes encoding an enterobactin-like siderophore, although it was not functional under the conditions tested. Furthermore, all Cronobacter spp. have genes encoding five receptors for heterologous siderophores. A ferric dicitrate transport system (fec system) is encoded specifically by a subset of Cronobacter sakazakii and C. malonaticus strains, of which a high percentage were isolated from clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the fec system is most closely related to orthologous genes present in human-pathogenic bacterial strains. Moreover, all strains of C. dublinensis and C. muytjensii encode two receptors, FcuA and Fct, for heterologous siderophores produced by plant pathogens. Identification of putative Fur boxes and expression of the genes under iron-depleted conditions revealed which genes and operons are components of the Fur regulon. Taken together, these results support the proposition that C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus may be more associated with the human host and C. dublinensis and C. muytjensii with plants.
De novo truncating variants in the AHDC1 gene encoding the AT-hook DNA-binding motif-containing protein 1 are associated with intellectual disability and developmental delay

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) represents a significant breakthrough in clinical genetics, and identifies a genetic etiology in up to 30% of cases of intellectual disability (ID). Using WES, we identified seven unrelated patients with a similar clinical phenotype of severe intellectual disability or neurodevelopmental delay who were all heterozygous for de novo truncating variants in the AT-hook DNA-binding motif–containing protein 1 (AHDC1). The patients were all minimally verbal or nonverbal and had variable neurological problems including spastic quadriplegia, ataxia, nystagmus, seizures, autism, and self-injurious behaviors. Additional common clinical features include dysmorphic facial features and feeding difficulties associated with failure to thrive and short stature. The AHDC1 gene has only one coding exon, and the protein contains conserved regions including AT-hook motifs and a PDZ binding domain. We postulate that all seven variants detected in these patients result in a truncated protein missing critical functional domains, disrupting interactions with other proteins important for brain development. Our study demonstrates that truncating variants in AHDC1 are associated with ID and are primarily associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype.
The presence of orellanine in spores and basidiocarp from Cortinarius orellanus and Cortinarius rubellus

This is the first report quantifying the orellanine content in basidiospores. The toxin content and tissue distribution of orellanine were determined from Cortinarius orellanus (Fr.) Fr. and Cortinarius rubellus Cooke. Basidiospores, the basidiocarp, divided into cap and stem, and mycorrhiza roots were analyzed to determine the amount of orellanine by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The orellanine contents in spores were 0.31% (C. orellanus) and 0.09% (C. rubellus). In caps, we found the toxin content to be 0.94% (C. orellanus) and 0.78% (C. rubellus), in stems 0.48% (C. orellanus) and 0.42% (C. rubellus) and in mycorrhiza roots from C. rubellus we determined the orellanine contents to 0.03%. In addition, extracts from the different structures of the basidiocarp of C. orellanus and C. rubellus, with an orellanine content corresponding to 25 nmol, inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis.
Contrasting Occupational Forms: Effects on Performance and Affect in Patients Undergoing Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation

This study investigates whether patients undergoing Phase II cardiac rehabilitation perform differently during materials-based, imagery-based, and rote exercise-based occupational forms. Numbers of lower extremity movements, heart rate changes, duration of self-determined recovery period, and affective response served as dependent variables. In a repeated measures design, 15 individuals with cardiac dysfunction were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 counterbalanced orders of conditions. Results indicated that participants performed significantly more repetitions during the materials-based condition (a ball kicking game) than when imagining participating in the game or when performing a rote exercise. The additional repetitions were achieved without undue cardiac stress. No differences were found among the conditions for the other variables. Occupational therapists working in cardiac rehabilitation may want to consider the positive effects of an occupational approach when reconditioning those with cardiac dysfunction.