Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of the DASS-21 in an Australian Community Adolescent Population.

BACKGROUND Although developed for adults, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-Short Version (DASS-21) has been used in many research studies with adolescent samples. Evidence as to the applicability of the DASS subscale scores to represent the distinct states of depression, anxiety, and stress as experienced by adolescents is mixed, and the age at which it may be possible to differentiate these 3 states using the DASS-21 has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated evidence for a multifactor structure in the DASS-21 in adolescents and the specificity of the 3 subscales for adolescents in general and at different ages. METHOD Data were from a large cross-sectional survey of 2,873 school students in Grades 6-12 (aged 12-18 years) in Australia. We conducted confirmatory bifactor analyses testing a general mental health distress factor and 3 domain-specific factors for anxiety, depression, and stress for the whole sample and across gender by age groups. The internal consistency reliability of the DASS total and subscale scores was determined using omega coefficients. RESULTS Analyses identified that most of the variation in the items was explained by the dominance of a single, general factor and the subscales lacked specificity across all age groups. CONCLUSION The DASS-21 can be reliably used to measure general distress in adolescents, but the subscales fail to discriminate between the 3 states. Our results indicate that this lack of discrimination does not reduce with increasing age. These findings caution against the use of adult theoretical models and measures within adolescent populations.
Continuity and changes in three types of caregiving and the risk of depression in later life: a 2-year prospective study

Objective previous studies have well documented the psychological consequences of family caregiving but less is known about the heterogeneity of older carers being affected during different temporal phases of caregiving over time. This study aimed to prospectively examine the impact of continuity and changes in grandchild care, parent care and spouse care on older carers' depressive symptoms 2 years later. Methods the analytic sample contained 2,398 urban seniors who completed interviews for both the 2011 and 2013 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The generalized estimating equations approach estimated the longitudinal associations of caring transitions with depressive symptoms. Results in comparison with non-carers, elders who continuously provided grandchild care, and those who stopped providing parent care reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms; those who entered into or exited from providing spousal care reported significantly more depressive symptoms. Conclusions by separating the impact of caring transitions on subsequent depressive symptoms, our findings added evidence of the great diversity of caring experiences among older adults who provided care to grandchildren, parents or spouses. Our findings have implications for carer support programmes in targeting those older carers at higher risk of depression.
Paraspeckle formation during the biogenesis of long non-coding RNAs

Paraspeckles are unique subnuclear structures that are built around a specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), NEAT1, which is comprised of two isoforms (NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2) that are produced by alternative 3′-end processing. NEAT1 lncRNAs are unusual RNA polymerase II transcripts that lack introns. The non-polyadenylated 3′-end of NEAT1_2 is non-canonically processed by RNase P. NEAT1_2 is an essential component for paraspeckle formation. Paraspeckles form during the NEAT1_2 lncRNA biogenesis process, which encompasses transcription from its own chromosome locus through lncRNA processing and accumulation. Recent RNAi analyses of 40 paraspeckle proteins (PSPs) identified four PSPs that are required for paraspeckle formation by mediating NEAT1 processing and accumulation. In particular, HNRNPK was shown to arrest CFIm-dependent NEAT1_1 polyadenylation, leading to NEAT1_2 synthesis. The other three PSPs were required for paraspeckle formation, but did not affect NEAT1_2 expression. This observation suggests that NEAT1_2 accumulation is necessary but not sufficient for paraspeckle formation. An additional step, presumably the bundling of NEAT1 ribonucleoprotein sub-complexes, may be required for construction of the intact paraspeckle structure. NEAT1 expression is likely regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional steps under certain stress conditions, suggesting roles for paraspeckles in the lncRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression, such as the nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA in response to certain stimuli.
Low- versus Standard-Dose Intravenous Alteplase in the Context of Bridging Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Korean ENCHANTED Study

Background and Purpose Following the positive results from recent trials on endovascular therapy (EVT), bridging therapy (intravenous alteplase plus EVT) is increasingly being used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, the optimal dose of intravenous alteplase remains unknown in centers where bridging therapy is actively performed. The optimal dose for eventual recanalization and positive clinical outcomes in patients receiving bridging therapy also remains unknown. Methods In this prospective Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study (ENCHANTED) sub-study, we explored the outcomes following treatment with two different doses (low- [0.6 mg/kg] or standard-dose [0.9 mg/kg]) of intravenous alteplase across 12 Korean centers where EVT is actively performed. The primary endpoint was a favorable outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale scores 0 to 1). Secondary endpoints included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in all patients, and the recanalization rate and favorable outcome in patients who underwent cerebral angiography for EVT (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01422616). Results Of 351 patients, the primary outcome occurred in 46% of patients in both the standard-(80/173) and low-dose (81/178) groups (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.81; P=0.582), although ICHs tended to occur more frequently in the standard-dose group (8% vs. 3%, P=0.056). Of the 67 patients who underwent cerebral angiography, there was no significant difference in favorable functional outcome between the standard- and low-dose groups (39% vs. 21%; OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.73 to 7.78; P=0.149). Conclusions There was no difference in functional outcome between the patients receiving different doses of alteplase in centers actively performing bridging therapy.
Image information and visual quality

Measurement of visual quality is of fundamental importance to numerous image and video processing applications. The goal of quality assessment (QA) research is to design algorithms that can automatically assess the quality of images or videos in a perceptually consistent manner. Image QA algorithms generally interpret image quality as fidelity or similarity with a "reference" or "perfect" image in some perceptual space. Such "full-reference" QA methods attempt to achieve consistency in quality prediction by modeling salient physiological and psychovisual features of the human visual system (HVS), or by signal fidelity measures. In this paper, we approach the image QA problem as an information fidelity problem. Specifically, we propose to quantify the loss of image information to the distortion process and explore the relationship between image information and visual quality. QA systems are invariably involved with judging the visual quality of "natural" images and videos that are meant for "human consumption. " Researchers have developed sophisticated models to capture the statistics of such natural signals. Using these models, we previously presented an information fidelity criterion for image QA that related image quality with the amount of information shared between a reference and a distorted image. In this paper, we propose an image information measure that quantifies the information that is present in the reference image and how much of this reference information can be extracted from the distorted image. Combining these two quantities, we propose a visual information fidelity measure for image QA. We validate the performance of our algorithm with an extensive subjective study involving 779 images and show that our method outperforms recent state-of-the-art image QA algorithms by a sizeable margin in our simulations. The code and the data from the subjective study are available at the LIVE website.
Why ‘Democracy’ and ‘Drifter’ Firms can have Abnormal Returns: The Joint Importance of Corporate Governance and Abnormal Accruals in Separating Winners from Losers

This study is the first to investigate the complementarity relationship of governance and earnings quality (EQ) over the period of 1991-2008. Firstly, the governance effect on performance is overrated without good EQ, as measured by the magnitude of abnormal accruals (AA), as an input. Isolating good governance (Democracy) firms with Low AA generates a positive abnormal return of 10.5 percent per year. Secondly, Democracy firms with High AA have positive abnormal future returns, contrary to Sloan (1996). Overall, the results highlight the joint importance of governance and AA in contributing to the total information environment to separate winners from losers.
Future orientation and suicide risk in Hungarian college students: Burdensomeness and belongingness as mediators

ABSTRACT We tested a model consistent with the notion that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness mediate the association between future orientation and suicide risk (viz., depressive symptoms and suicide ideation) in college students. The sample was comprised of 195 Hungarian college students. Results indicated that the negative associations found between future orientation and suicide risk outcomes were accounted for by both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The present findings highlight the importance of studying positive future cognitions in suicide risk and provide support for perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as potential proximal mechanisms associated with heighted suicide risk in adults.
Asynchronous Accelerated Stochastic Gradient Descent

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a widely used optimization algorithm in machine learning. In order to accelerate the convergence of SGD, a few advanced techniques have been developed in recent years, including variance reduction, stochastic coordinate sampling, and Nesterov's acceleration method. Furthermore, in order to improve the training speed and/or leverage larger-scale training data, asynchronous parallelization of SGD has also been studied. Then, a natural question is whether these techniques can be seamlessly integrated with each other, and whether the integration has desirable theoretical guarantee on its convergence. In this paper, we provide our formal answer to this question. In particular, we consider the asynchronous parallelization of SGD, accelerated by leveraging variance reduction, coordinate sampling, and Nesterov's method. We call the new algorithm asynchronous accelerated SGD (AASGD). Theoretically, we proved a convergence rate of AASGD, which indicates that (i) the three acceleration methods are complementary to each other and can make their own contributions to the improvement of convergence rate; (ii) asynchronous parallelization does not hurt the convergence rate, and can achieve considerable speedup under appropriate parameter setting. Empirically, we tested AASGD on a few benchmark datasets. The experimental results verified our theoretical findings and indicated that AASGD could be a highly effective and efficient algorithm for practical use.
The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus, Depression, and Missed Appointments in a Low-Income Uninsured Population

Purpose The purpose of this project is to identify rates of depression and document mental health needs of adults with diabetes who obtained care in free clinics. Data were collected to determine if there is a relationship between diabetes and depression and missed appointments in a sample of patients who were low-income, uninsured, and represented a variety of racial groups. Methods A sample of 183 adults with diabetes participated by completing paper and computerized questionnaires. Instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (to measure prevalence of depression), the RAND 36 Health Survey (to measure quality of health), the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (to measure diabetes-dependent quality of life), and the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (to measure self-efficacy). Results The prevalence of depression at a moderate or greater level in the sample was found to be 30.1%. Levels of quality of health and self-efficacy were found to be reduced among those with the presence of depression. A significant increase in the rate of depression was found among those who had attended the free clinic for a longer period. No significant differences were found in diabetes-dependent quality of life and missed appointments among those with depression compared with those without. Conclusions Rates of depression among adults with diabetes in a free clinic setting were found to be comparable with the highest rates reported by other studies of insured populations. Results of this study support the need to develop mental health treatment programs for free clinic settings.
Polar Constituents of Salvia willeana (Holmboe) Hedge, Growing Wild in Cyprus

Twenty compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia willeana (Holmboe) Hedge, growing wild in Cyprus. These compounds comprise one new and one known acetophenone, one megastigmane glucoside, five phenolic derivatives, two caffeic acid oligomers, three flavonoids, two lignans, two triterpene acids, one monoterpene glucoside, and two fatty acids. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of NMR [(Rotating-frame OverhauserEffect SpectroscopY) (1H-1H-COSY (COrrelation SpectroscopΥ), 1H-13C-HSQC (Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation), HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation), NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Effect SpectroscopY), ROESY (Rotating-frame Overhauser Effect SpectroscopY)] and MS spectral analyses. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of 4-hydroxy-acetophenone 4-O-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside. A chemical review on the non-volatile secondary metabolites has been carried out. Based on the literature data, the analysis revealed that the chemical profile of S. willeana is close to that of S. officinalis L.
Robust Method of Pronoun Resolution Using Full-Text Information

A consistent text contains rich information for resolving ambiguities within its sentences. Even simple syntactic information such as word occurrence and collocation patterns, which can be extracted from the text without deep discourse analysis, improves the accuracy of sentence analysis. Pronoun resolution is a typical proceeding that utilizes this information. Through the use of this information, along with information on the syntactic position of each candidate, 93.8% of pronoun references were resolved correctly in an experiment on computer manuals.
Alternative models for the heterogeneity of mortality risks among the aged.

The authors examine how sensitive the estimates of heterogeneity in the mortality risks in a population are to the choices of two types of function, "one describing the age-specific rate of increase of mortality risks for individuals and the other describing the distribution of mortality risks across individuals. " U.S. data from published Medicare mortality rates for the period 1968-1978 are used to analyze total mortality among the aged. "In addition, national vital statistics data for the period 1950-1977 were used to analyze adult lung cancer mortality. For these data, the estimates of structural parameters were less sensitive to reasonable choices of the heterogeneity distribution (gamma vs. inverse Gaussian) than to reasonable choices of the hazard rate function (Gompertz vs. Weibull). "
Beyond first-line non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: clinical outcome and current perspectives on salvage therapy for patients after first relapse and progression of disease

Background Current standard treatment, including non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy and optimal combining of radiotherapy, has dramatically improved outcomes of patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) during the last decade. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcome of ENKTL patients with relapsed or progressive disease after initial current standard therapy. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with ENKTL at six centers in four countries (China, France, Singapore, and South Korea) from 1997 to 2015 and analyzed 179 patients who had relapsed or progressed after initial current standard therapy. Results After a median follow-up of 58.6 months (range 27.9-89.2), the median second progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.04-5.16] and overall survival (OS) was 6.4 months (95% CI 4.36-8.51). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that elevated lactate dehydrogenase, multiple extranodal sites (≥2), and presence of B symptoms were associated with inferior OS (P < 0.05). OS and PFS were significantly different according to both prognostic index of natural killer lymphoma (PINK) and PINK-E (Epstein-Barr virus) models. Salvage chemotherapy with l-asparaginase (l-Asp)-based regimens showed a significantly better clinical benefit to response rate and PFS, although it did not lead to OS improvement. First use of l-Asp in the salvage setting and l-Asp rechallenge at least 6 months after initial treatment were the best candidates for salvage l-Asp containing chemotherapy. Conclusions Most patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL had poor prognosis with short survival. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL.
Regulation of Cognitive Processing by Hippocampal Cholinergic Tone

Abstract Cholinergic dysfunction has been associated with cognitive abnormalities in a variety of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Here we tested how information processing is regulated by cholinergic tone in genetically modified mice targeting the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a protein required for acetylcholine release. We measured long‐term potentiation of Schaffer collateral‐CA1 synapses in vivo and assessed information processing by using a mouse touchscreen version of paired associates learning task (PAL). Acquisition of information in the mouse PAL task correlated to levels of hippocampal VAChT, suggesting a critical role for cholinergic tone. Accordingly, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in vivo was disturbed, but not completely abolished, by decreased hippocampal cholinergic signaling. Disrupted forebrain cholinergic signaling also affected working memory, a result reproduced by selectively decreasing VAChT in the hippocampus. In contrast, spatial memory was relatively preserved, whereas reversal spatial memory was sensitive to decreased hippocampal cholinergic signaling. This work provides a refined roadmap of how synaptically secreted acetylcholine influences distinct behaviors and suggests that distinct forms of cognitive processing may be regulated in different ways by cholinergic activity.
Lack of molluscan host diversity and the transmission of an emerging parasitic disease in Bolivia

Fasciolosis is a re‐emerging parasitic disease that affects an increasing number of people in developing countries. The most severe endemic affects the Bolivian Altiplano, where the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) and its hermaphroditic snail host, Lymnaea truncatula, have been introduced from Europe. To achieve a better understanding of the epidemiological situation and the consequences of the colonization event of this invasive species, genetic analysis of Bolivian snail populations was needed. Here we compare the genetic diversity and population structure of snail samples from the Bolivian Altiplano with samples from the Old World at six polymorphic microsatellite loci. Whereas some variability exists in the snail populations from the Old World, we observe only a single genotype of L. truncatula in the Bolivian Altiplano. We discuss the possible explanations for such a reduction in genetic variability, and, given the high natural parasitism pressures exerted on the snail populations, we discuss the relevance of this result for host–parasite interactions.
Use of the probably benign (BI‐RADS category 3) assessment for masses on breast MRI: Is it transferable to general clinical practice?

The purpose of this study was to identify potential BI‐RADS 3 mass descriptors on breast magnetic resonance imaging by systematically defining positive predictive values (PPV). In a blinded retrospective review of BI‐RADS 4 masses, reader 1 identified 132 masses and reader 2 identified 76 masses. PPV for mass descriptors and for descriptor combinations was determined. No mass descriptor resulted in a PPV ≤2% (BI‐RADS 3 threshold). Descriptors with the lowest PPVs were circumscribed margin (8%), rim internal enhancement and persistent kinetics (13% each), and oval shape (15%). The results demonstrate the difficulty in transferring the theoretical concept of lesion surveillance to systematic clinical use.
Ataluren‐driven restoration of Shwachman‐Bodian‐Diamond syndrome protein function in Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome bone marrow cells

Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare inherited recessive disease mainly caused by mutations in the Shwachman‐Bodian‐Diamond syndrome (SBDS) gene, which encodes for the homonymous protein SBDS, whose function still remains to be fully established. SDS affects several organs causing bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, skeletal malformations, and cognitive disorders. About 15% of SDS patients develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and are at higher risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Deficiency in SBDS expression has been associated with increased apoptosis and lack of myeloid differentiation in bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors. Importantly, most SDS patients carry nonsense mutations in SBDS. Since ataluren is a well‐characterized small molecule inhibitor that can suppress nonsense mutations, here, we have assessed the efficacy of this drug in restoring SBDS expression in hematopoietic cells obtained from a cohort of SDS patients. Remarkably, we show that ataluren treatment readily restores SBDS protein expression in different cell types, particularly bone marrow stem cells. Furthermore, ataluren promotes myeloid differentiation in hematopoietic progenitors, reduces apoptotic rate in primary PBMCs, and brings mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation levels back to normal in both lymphoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs). Since a specific therapy against SDS is currently lacking, these results provide the rationale for ataluren repurposing clinical trials.
Implicit Memory in Amnesic Patients: Impairment of Voice-Specific Priming

Amnesic patients generally exhibit spared priming effects on implicit memory tasks despite poor explicit memory In a previous study, we demonstrated normal auditory priming in amnesic patients on an identification-in-noise test in which the magnitude of priming is independent of whether the speaker's voice is the same or different at study and test In the present experiment, we examined auditory priming on a filter identification test in which the magnitude of priming in control subjects is higher when the speaker's voice is the same at study and test than when it is different Amnesic patients, by contrast, failed to exhibit more priming in a same-voice condition than in a different-voice condition Voice-specific priming may depend on a memory system that is impaired in amnesia