Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ understanding of direct current resistive electrical circuits

Both high school and university students’ reasoning regarding direct current resistive electric circuits often differ from the accepted explanations. At present, there are no standard diagnostic tests on electric circuits. Two versions of a diagnostic instrument were developed, each consisting of 29 questions. The information provided by this test can provide instructors with a way of evaluating the progress and conceptual difficulties of their students. The analysis indicates that students, especially females, tend to hold multiple misconceptions, even after instruction. During interviews, the idea that the battery is a constant source of current was used most often in answering the questions. Students tended to focus on the current in solving problems and to confuse terms, often assigning the properties of current to voltage and/or resistance.
Alterations in default network connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder related to early-life trauma.

BACKGROUND The "default network" consists of a number of brain regions that exhibit correlated low-frequency activity at rest and that have been suggested to be involved in the processing of self-relevant stimuli. Activity in many of these areas has also been shown to be altered in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We hypothesized that the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, part of the default network, would exhibit altered connectivity at rest with other areas of the default network and regions associated with PTSD. METHODS Seventeen medicated and unmedicated female patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to early-life trauma and 15 healthy female controls underwent a 5.5-minute functional magnetic resonance imaging scan with their eyes closed. We assessed areas of the brain whose activity positively and negatively correlated with that of the PCC/precuneus in both groups. RESULTS At rest, spontaneous low-frequency activity in the PCC/precuneus was more strongly correlated with activity in other areas of the default network in healthy controls than in patients with PTSD. Direct comparison of the 2 groups showed that PCC/ precuneus connectivity was also greater in healthy controls than in patients with PTSD in a number of areas previously associated with PTSD, including the right amygdala and the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus. LIMITATIONS Because our PTSD sample comprised only women with chronic early-life trauma exposure, our results may not be generalizeable to male patients, to a population with single trauma exposure or to those who were adults when the trauma occurred. In addition, our sample included patients taking medication and it is not yet clear how altered connectivity is affected by medication. CONCLUSION Spontaneous activity in the default network during rest, as measured using PCC correlations, is altered in patients with PTSD. The potential effects of psychotropic medications on default network connectivity in the present sample remain unknown. In this patient population, the observed alterations may be associated with the disturbances in self-referential processing often observed in patients with chronic PTSD related to early-life trauma.
SCARB1 Gene Variants Are Associated With the Phenotype of Combined High High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High Lipoprotein (a).

BACKGROUND SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1), encoded by the gene SCARB1, is a lipoprotein receptor that binds both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein. We reported that SR-B1 is also a receptor for lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), mediating cellular uptake of Lp(a) in vitro and promoting clearance of Lp(a) in vivo. Although genetic variants in SCARB1 are associated with variations in HDL level, no SCARB1 variants affecting Lp(a) have been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS In an index subject with high levels of HDL cholesterol and Lp(a), SCARB1 was sequenced and demonstrated a missense mutation resulting in an S129L substitution in exon 3. To follow up, 2 cohorts (GeneSTAR, the family-based Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk [n=543], and CCHS, the population-based Copenhagen City Heart Study [n=5835]) were screened for combined HDL cholesterol and Lp(a) elevations. Subjects with the extreme phenotype (HDL >80 mg/dL and Lp(a) >100 nmol/L in GeneSTAR, n=8, and >100 mg/dL in CCHS, n=9) underwent sequencing of SCARB1 exons; 15 of 18 from the combined population demonstrated genetic variants, including rare or uncommon missense or splice site mutations in 9 and homozygous synonymous variants in 6. Functional studies with 4 of the SCARB1 variants (c.386C>T, c.631-14T>G, c.4G>A, and c.631-53mC>T & c.726+55mCG>CA) showed decreased receptor function in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Human SCARB1 gene variants are associated with a new lipid phenotype, characterized by high levels of both HDL cholesterol and Lp(a). SCARB1 exonic variants often result in diminished function of translated SR-B1 via reduced binding/intracellular transport of Lp(a).
The Use of Structured Imagery and Dispositional Measurement to Assess Situational Use of Mindfulness Skills

The recent proliferation of studies on mindfulness produced varying theoretical models, each based in part on how mindfulness is assessed. These models agree, however, that mindfulness encompasses moment-to-moment or situational experiences. Incongruence between dispositional and situational assessment would be problematic for theory and empirical research. In particular, it remains to be established whether situational measurement is an accurate method for mindfulness assessment and whether dispositional measures are able to accurately detect mindfulness skills in various situations. The association between dispositional and situational mindfulness processes (i.e., situational attention awareness and emotion acceptance) was examined in two studies. In Study 1 (N = 148), independent groups who reported high and low levels of dispositional mindfulness skills were compared on a continuous measure of situational mindfulness skills. In Study 2 (N = 317), dispositional mindfulness questionnaires were used to predict situational use of mindfulness skills. Results suggest not only that situational measures accurately detect use of mindfulness skills, but also that dispositional measures can predict one’s use of situational mindfulness skills. Findings from both studies were consistent across both positive and negative situations. Moreover, neither neuroticism nor extraversion was shown to have a moderating effect on the relationship between dispositional and situational use of mindfulness skills. The implications of these findings for clinical practice and future investigations pertaining to measurement validity in this area are discussed.
SemEval-2013 Task 12: Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation

This paper presents the SemEval-2013 task on multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation. We describe our experience in producing a multilingual sense-annotated corpus for the task. The corpus is tagged with BabelNet 1.1. 1, a freely-available multilingual encyclopedic dictionary and, as a byproduct, WordNet 3.0 and the Wikipedia sense inventory. We present and analyze the results of participating systems, and discuss future directions.
Formative Research With College Men to Inform Content and Messages for a Web-Based Sexual Violence Prevention Program

ABSTRACT To combat the high rates of sexual violence on college campuses, prevention programming should be theoretically driven, persuasive, and salient, and should provide messages that counter negative normative beliefs supportive of sexual violence. We describe qualitative formative research that identifies themes as a means to inform messages and content for a Web-based sexual violence prevention program. To illustrate the process, we used qualitative analysis of eight focus groups (N = 48) with male undergraduates from a large urban, public, Southeastern university. Analyses focused on how men interpret sexual interest, the meaning and methods of obtaining effective consent for sex, sexual encounters that involve alcohol, barriers to and facilitators of bystander intervention, and intervening techniques. We demonstrate how positive and negative themes identified in the analysis can be incorporated into programming segments.
Role of the ubiquitin ligase E6AP/UBE3A in controlling levels of the synaptic protein Arc

Inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase E6 associated protein (E6AP) encoded by the UBE3A gene has been associated with development of the Angelman syndrome. Recently, it was reported that in mice, loss of E6AP expression results in increased levels of the synaptic protein Arc and a concomitant impaired synaptic function, providing an explanation for some phenotypic features of Angelman syndrome patients. Accordingly, E6AP has been shown to negatively regulate activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) and it has been suggested that E6AP targets Arc for ubiquitination and degradation. In our study, we provide evidence that Arc is not a direct substrate for E6AP and binds only weakly to E6AP, if at all. Furthermore, we show that down-regulation of E6AP expression stimulates estradiol-induced transcription of the Arc gene. Thus, we propose that Arc protein levels are controlled by E6AP at the transcriptional rather than at the posttranslational level.
Use of Soil Test Crop Response Approach in Direct Seeded Rice

To assess the soil test crop response (STCR) based nutrient management in direct seeded rice (DSR), demonstrations were conducted at ive farmer’s ield during kharif 2015-16 in Tunga Bhadra Command area of Raichur, India. Three technology options (TO) were assessed and were TO1: Farmers’ practice (Imbalanced fertilization (250:155:133 kg/ha), TO2: Recommeded package of practices (100:50:50 kg/ha) and TO3: STCR equation based application of fertilizers (targeted yield: 75 q/ha). The grain and straw yield of DSR (variety BPT 5204) was found higher in TO3 (70.70 and 79.94 q/ha, respectively) and increase was to the tune of 21.5 and 21.4 per cent over TO2. The higher B:C ratio was recorded in the TO3 (2.97) and was higher by 14.67 per cent over TO1 (2.59). After harvest of crop, it was observed that there was build up of available N, P2O5 and K2O in plots with TO3 in all the ive farmers ield. These results clearly indicated that application of fertilizers to crops based on soil test values and target yield approach was effective in getting the higher yield.
Pregnancy and birth history of newborns with trisomy 18 or 13: A pilot study

To the Editor:The prognosis for infant survival in newbornsdiagnosed with the trisomy conditions Edwardsyndrome(trisomy18)andPatausyndrome(trisomy13) is poor [Goldstein and Nielsen, 1988; Root andCarey, 1994; Brewer et al., 2002]. Major contributingfactors to early mortality include gestational age ofless than 32 weeks, limited use of life supportmeasures, apnea and other respiratory difﬁcultiesand presence of cardiac anomalies [Root and Carey,1994; Rasmussen et al., 2003]. Other authors have[Van Dyke and Allen, 1989; Baty et al., 1994;Rasmussen et al., 2003; Carey, 2005] discussed themedical management and overall health needs ofsurvivors.Newborns,survivingpast2monthsofage,typically present ongoing medical needs in additionto day-to-day newborn caregiving requirements[Baty et al., 1994; Niedrist et al., 2006; Pont et al.,2006]. Studies published in the 1980s and early 1990soffer an examination of the strengths and needsof newborns with these trisomy syndromes [e.g.,Goldstein and Nielsen, 1988; Van Dyke and Allen,1989; Boss and Broers, 1992; Root and Carey, 1994;Nembhardetal. ,2001]. Somerecentresearchershavereviewed birth registers from the 1980s to the mid1990s and have found improved outcomes com-paredtotheothers[Canﬁeldetal. ,2001;Parkeretal. ,2003]. Further, cardiac surgery has assisted inextending the life expectancy for some infants withrare trisomy conditions [Graham et al., 2004]. Lessinvasive procedures and interventions are alsoproviding avenues for improved daily managementandlongtermcare[Koshoetal. ,2006;Linetal. ,2006;Niedrist et al., 2006]. It is imperative to examine the varied courses andoutcomes for newborns with these conditions inmore detail. Newborns with trisomy 18 (t18) or 13face an uncertain course in the NICU and afterdischarge[Batyetal. ,1994;Walters,1998;Rasmussenet al., 2003; McIntosh et al., 2004; Tripp andMcGregor, 2006]. In recent years, European investigators havecollaborated with clinicians and cytogeneticiststhroughouttheworldinthedevelopmentofinterna-tionalregistriesofindividualswithrarechromosomesyndrome [http://decipher.sanger. ac.uk/; www.e-caruca.net]. Additional collaborative endeavors areneeded and could include parents and caregivers.The Tracking Rare Incidence Syndromes (TRIS)project can contribute to such efforts through colle-ction of phenotypic data [Bruns, 2006]. Thepreviouslydescribedissueshighlighttheneedto investigate maternal pregnancy experiences,childbirth history and presenting needs. This infor-mation can also provide useful, parent-completeddata for registries, open new avenues for parent-professional advocacy and collaboration, and dem-onstratetheutilityofsuchdatabases.Thispilotstudysought to examine:
Prospective Study of Major and Minor ST-T Abnormalities and Risk of Stroke Among Japanese

Background and Purpose— The association between minor ST-T abnormalities and stroke incidence has not been well elucidated. We sought to examine the relationship between nonspecific minor or major ST-T abnormalities and the incidence of stroke among Japanese men and women. Methods— A 15.4-year prospective study was conducted with 10 741 men and women aged 40 to 69 years in 4 Japanese communities. Electrocardiograms were taken at baseline and were read according to the Minnesota Code. The incidence of stroke was ascertained using systematic surveillance. Results— During the 15.4-year follow-up, 602 strokes (339 ischemic strokes, 129 intracerebral hemorrhages, 80 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 54 unclassified strokes) occurred. Both men and women with major ST-T abnormalities had approximately 3-fold higher age-adjusted relative risk and 2-fold higher multivariate-adjusted relative risk of total stroke than did those without such abnormalities. Men with minor ST-T abnormalities had a 2.3-fold higher age-adjusted relative risk of total stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, than did those without such abnormalities. After we adjusted further for hypertension category, the relative risk for minor ST-T abnormalities was reduced substantially but remained statistically significant: 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.4) for total stroke, 1.9 (95%CI, 1.3 to 2.8) for ischemic stroke, and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.0 to 3.0) for hemorrhagic stroke. For women, however, there was no relation between minor ST-T abnormalities and stroke incidence. Conclusions— Minor ST-T abnormalities have predictive value for the risk of total stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, among middle-aged Japanese men, as do major ST-T abnormalities for both sexes.
Nanofabrication of Densely Packed Metal—Polymer Arrays for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectrometry

A key element to improve the analytical capabilities of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) resides in the performance characteristics of the SERS-active substrate. Variables such as shape, size, and homogeneous distribution of the metal nanoparticles throughout the substrate surface are important in the design of more analytically sensitive and reliable substrates. Electron-beam lithography (EBL) has emerged as a powerful tool for the systematic fabrication of substrates with periodic nanoscale features. EBL also allows the rational design of nanoscale features that are optimized to the frequency of the Raman laser source. In this work, the efficiency of EBL fabricated substrates are studied by measuring the relative SERS signals of Rhodamine 6G and 1,10-phenanthroline adsorbed on a series of cubic, elliptical, and hexagonal nanopatterned pillars of ma-N 2403 directly coated by physical vapor deposition with 25 nm films of Ag or Au. The raw analyte SERS signals, and signals normalized to metal nanoparticle surface area or numbers of loci, are used to study the effects of nanoparticle morphology on the performance of a rapidly created, diverse collection of substrates. For the excitation wavelength used, the nanoparticle size, geometry, and orientation of the particle primary axis relative to the excitation polarization vector, and particularly the density of nanoparticles, are shown to strongly influence substrate performance. A correlation between the inverse of the magnitude of the laser backscatter passed by the spectrometer and SERS activities of the various substrate patterns is also noted and provides a simple means to evaluate possible efficient coupling of the excitation radiation to localized surface plasmons for Raman enhancement.
Probing AGB nucleosynthesis via accurate Planetary Nebula abundances

The elemental abundances of ten planetary nebulae, derived with high accuracy including ISO and IUE spectra, are analysed with the aid of synthetic evolutionary models for the TP-AGB phase. The accuracy on the observed abundances is essential in order to make a reliable comparison with the models. The advantages of the infrared spectra in achieving this accuracy are discussed. Model prescriptions are varied until we achieve the simultaneous reproduction of all elemental features, which allows placing important constraints on the characteristic masses and nucleosynthetic processes experienced by the stellar progenitors. First of all, it is possible to separate the sample into two groups of PNe, one indicating the occurrence of only the third dredge-up during the TP-AGB phase, and the other showing also the chemical signature of hot-bottom burning. The former group is reproduced by stellar models with variable molecular opacities (see Marigo 2002), adopting initial solar metallicity, and typical efficiency of the third dredge-up, λ ∼ 0.3−0.4. The latter group of PNe, with extremely high He content (0.15 ≤ He/H ≤ 0.20) and marked oxygen deficiency, is consistent with original sub-solar metallicity (i.e. LMC composition). Moreover, we are able to explain quantitatively both the N/H-He/H correlation and the N/H-C/H anti-correlation, thus solving the discrepancy pointed out long ago by Becker & Iben (1980). This is obtained only under the hypothesis that intermediate- mass TP-AGB progenitors (M > 4.5−5.0 M� ) with LMC composition have suffered a number of very efficient, carbon-poor, dredge-up events. Finally, the neon abundances of the He-rich PNe can be recovered by invoking a significant production of 22 Ne during thermal pulses, which would imply a reduced role of the 22 Ne(α, n) 25 Mg reaction as neutron source to the Planetary Nebulae (PNe) are assumed to consist of the gas ejected via stellar winds by low- and intermediate-mass stars (having initial masses 0.9 ≤ M/M� ≤ Mup, with Mup ∼ 5−8 Mdepending on model details) during their last evo- lutionary stages, the so-called Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch (TP-AGB) phase. PNe offer potentially a good possibility to test the results of stellar nucleosynthesis. This can be done in a reliable way by comparing the predicted abundances of the gas ejected close to the end of the AGB phase with the observed abundances because the expelled hot gas remains unaffected by interac- tion with the ISM or with previous shell ejection. Furthermore the ionized gas surrounding the central star shows lines of many elements from which accurate abundances can be de- rived. Also by the ejection of the outer layers PNe contribute to the enrichment of the interstellar medium (ISM) and therefore,
Small-file access in parallel file systems

Today's computational science demands have resulted in ever larger parallel computers, and storage systems have grown to match these demands. Parallel file systems used in this environment are increasingly specialized to extract the highest possible performance for large I/O operations, at the expense of other potential workloads. While some applications have adapted to I/O best practices and can obtain good performance on these systems, the natural I/O patterns of many applications result in generation of many small files. These applications are not well served by current parallel file systems at very large scale. This paper describes five techniques for optimizing small-file access in parallel file systems for very large scale systems. These five techniques are all implemented in a single parallel file system (PVFS) and then systematically assessed on two test platforms. A microbenchmark and the mdtest benchmark are used to evaluate the optimizations at an unprecedented scale. We observe as much as a 905% improvement in small-file create rates, 1,106% improvement in small-file stat rates, and 727% improvement in small-file removal rates, compared to a baseline PVFS configuration on a leadership computing platform using 16,384 cores.
An Empirical Evaluation of Automated Black Box Testing Techniques for Crashing GUIs

This paper reports an empirical evaluation of four black-box testing techniques for crashing programs through their GUI interface: SH, AF, DH, and BxT. The techniques vary in their level of automation and the results they offer. The experiments we conducted quantify execution time and the capability of finding a crash for each technique on 8 different cellular phone configurations with historical (real) errors. The results show that AF and BxT offered better precision (i.e., the fraction of runs that end in a crash out of the total number of runs) than SH and DH (AF and BxT found crashes in all 8 configurations), and BxT crashes the application the fastest more often (5 out of 8 cases). The experiments reveal that the selection of the random seed to AF and BxT results in a high variance of execution time (i.e., the time the technique takes to either crash the application or timeout in 40h): the mean (across 8 phone configurations) of the standard deviation of execution times (for 10 runs per each phone configuration) is 7.79h for AF and 5.21h for BxT. Despite this fact, AF and BxT could crash the application consistently: the mean of the precision (fraction of the 10 runs that results in a crash) is 74% for AF and 69% for BxT.