Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Hazards in UK Universities: Adopting a Risk Assessment Approach

Drawing on the findings of a recent national survey, this article examines the extent to which higher education institutions in the United Kingdom meet the minimum standards recommended by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for the management of work-related stressors. A comparison is also made between the average weekly working hours reported in the current survey with those found in two previous studies of the higher education sector (1998 and 2004). A sample of 9,740 academic and academic-related employees working in higher education institutions in the UK completed a measure of seven job-related stressors (or psychosocial hazards) (that is, demands, control, support from colleagues and managers, interpersonal relationships, role clarity and involvement in organisational change). With one exception (job control), levels of job-related stressors in the higher education sector exceeded the benchmarks stipulated by the HSE. Stressors relating to change, role, job demands and managerial support were particularly high. Recommendations made by the HSE for interim and longer-term targets to be achieved for the management of each stressor category are provided. Findings also revealed that average working hours remain high in the sector, with many employees continuing to exceed the weekly limit set by the UK Working Time Directive. The utility of the HSE approach in higher education institutions and ways in which the sector might work towards meeting the HSE management standards and consequently enhance employee well-being are considered.
Improving Reachability and Navigability in Recommender Systems

In this paper, we investigate recommender systems from a network perspective and investigate recommendation networks, where nodes are items (e.g., movies) and edges are constructed from top-N recommendations (e.g., related movies). In particular, we focus on evaluating the reachability and navigability of recommendation networks and investigate the following questions: (i) How well do recommendation networks support navigation and exploratory search? (ii) What is the influence of parameters, in particular different recommendation algorithms and the number of recommendations shown, on reachability and navigability? and (iii) How can reachability and navigability be improved in these networks? We tackle these questions by first evaluating the reachability of recommendation networks by investigating their structural properties. Second, we evaluate navigability by simulating three different models of information seeking scenarios. We find that with standard algorithms, recommender systems are not well suited to navigation and exploration and propose methods to modify recommendations to improve this. Our work extends from one-click-based evaluations of recommender systems towards multi-click analysis (i.e., sequences of dependent clicks) and presents a general, comprehensive approach to evaluating navigability of arbitrary recommendation networks.
1.98 THz resonant-tunneling-diode oscillator with reduced conduction loss by thick antenna electrode

We achieved frequency increase in resonant tunneling diode terahertz oscillator by reducing conduction loss in the slot antenna with thick antenna electrode. By a graded increase in electrode thickness for 0.1, 1, 2, and 3 μm, increase in oscillation frequency was obtained. A highest oscillation frequency of 1.98 THz was achieved with an optimum electrode thickness of 2 μm.
Where are the men? : low-income women's experience of heterosexual relationships

The purpose of this paper was to review the available literature concerning how low-income women experience their heterosexual relationships. Particular attention was paid to the constructs of social support and intimacy which have both been cited as important variables for coping with stress. It was found that, despite there being more stressors associated with poverty, very little research has been conducted on lowincome women. However, when comparing the available literature, there seem to be important differences between low-income and middle-class women's expectations regarding heterosexual relationships. The literature suggests that for low-income women, heterosexual relationships can often be experienced as an additional source of stress, particularly as traditional gender roles playa greater role in expectations regarding the provision of social support. It therefore seems as though some low-incomewomen, in a bid not to submit to traditional role expectations, choose to stay single and strive for financial independence in order to retain power within heterosexual relationships. The need for intimacy was not clearly articulated by low-income women but a desire for a sexually faithful partner was expressed. Although it seemed as though low-income women did not expect social support or intimacy from their male partners, they did articulate other specific expectations. The literature suggested that low-income women could reliably expect sex and the conception of children. from their heterosexual relationships but that their other expectations were often disappointed. However, heterosexual relationships are considered an important means for low-income women to gain status within the community. Finally, the current review of the literature highlighted the considerable overlap between the constructs of social support and intimacy. In conclusion, further research needs to be conducted (particularly in South Africa) in order to determine how low-income women experience their heterosexual relationships. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Islamist terrorism as identity threat: the case of ambivalent identification and self‐stereotyping among Turkish Muslims

Terrorist attacks committed in 2003 by Turkish Islamist extremists threatened the social identity of Turkish Muslims by associating them with terrorism. Using a 2 × 3 experimental design, we categorized Turkish respondents and terrorists as members of a shared superordinate group (“Muslims”) or as members of separate subgroups. When sharing superordinate group membership with terrorists, less identified Turkish respondents experienced ambivalent identification, i.e., they sought to maintain attachment to their group while simultaneously seeking distance from it. Ambivalent identification was reduced when respondents emphasized their typicality as members of a Muslim subgroup that did not include terrorists. The discussion focuses on ambivalent identification as a response to identity threat, and the implications for Islamist terrorism for the social identity of Muslims.
The Evolution of Friendships in Chinese Online Social Networks

We study the evolution of friendships on Douban, an online social network frequently used by the youth in China. We look at several factors that can affect the evolution of friendships, such as having memberships in the same discussion groups and sharing common interests or common friends. We compare these factors in causing the formation of online friendships. Finally, we determine how Douban users’ interests are in? uenced by their online friends’ interests.
Who Gets the Top Jobs? The Role of Family Background and Networks in Recent Graduates’ Access to High-status Professions

Abstract There is currently debate in policy circles about access to ‘the upper echelons of power’ (Sir John Major, ex Prime Minister, 2013). This research explores the relationship between family background and early access to top occupations. We find that privately educated graduates are a third more likely to enter into high-status occupations than state educated graduates from similarly affluent families and neighbourhoods, largely due to differences in educational attainment and university selection. We find that although the use of networks cannot account for the private school advantage, they provide an additional advantage and this varies by the type of top occupation that the graduate enters.
The fbpABC locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae functions in the periplasm-to-cytosol transport of iron

We have determined that the DNA sequence downstream of the well-characterized gonococcal fbp gene contains two open reading frames: one designated fbpB, which encodes a protein proposed to function as a cytoplasmic permease, and one designated fbpC, which encodes a protein proposed to function as a nucleotide-binding protein. The fpbABC operon composes an iron transport system that is homologous to the sfu and hit operons previously reported for Serratia marcescens and Haemophilus influenzae, respectively, and displays elements characteristic of ATP binding cassette transporters. The fpbABC operon differs from these loci in that it is lethal when overexpressed in Escherichia coli.
Theoretically and Empirically High Quality Estimation of Closeness Centrality

In the field of network analysis, centrality values of graph nodes, which represents the importance of nodes, have been widely studied. In this paper, we focus on one of the most basic centrality measures: closeness centrality. Since the exact computation of closeness centrality for all nodes of a network is prohibitively costly for massive networks, algorithms for estimating closeness centrality have been studied. In previous works, theoretical bounds on relative error have been improved. However, for complex networks such as social networks, empirical estimation qualities have hardly been improved since the sampling-based algorithm was proposed. In this paper, we propose simple and highly scalable algorithms for estimating closeness centrality of undirected networks. Our algorithms have theoretically and empirically better estimation quality than previous ones. As a result, our algorithms achieve strong quality guarantees and experimentally small relative errors at the same time. Also, our algorithms can be extended to strongly connected directed networks. Moreover, we can apply our algorithms to weighted centrality, in which nodes may have different weight, with slight modification.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6 and Grx7 Are Monothiol Glutaredoxins Associated with the Early Secretory Pathway

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6 and Grx7 are two monothiol glutaredoxins whose active-site sequences (CSYS and CPYS, respectively) are reminiscent of the CPYC active-site sequence of classical dithiol glutaredoxins. Both proteins contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain which is responsible for their association to membranes of the early secretory pathway vesicles, facing the luminal side. Thus, Grx6 localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments, while Grx7 is mostly at the Golgi. Expression of GRX6 is modestly upregulated by several stresses (calcium, sodium, and peroxides) in a manner dependent on the Crz1-calcineurin pathway. Some of these stresses also upregulate GRX7 expression under the control of the Msn2/4 transcription factor. The N glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin induces the expression of both genes along with protein accumulation. Mutants lacking both glutaredoxins display reduced sensitivity to tunicamycin, although the drug is still able to manifest its inhibitory effect on a reporter glycoprotein. Grx6 and Grx7 have measurable oxidoreductase activity in vivo, which is increased in the presence of tunicamycin. Both glutaredoxins could be responsible for the regulation of the sulfhydryl oxidative state at the oxidant conditions of the early secretory pathway vesicles. However, the differences in location and expression responses against stresses suggest that their functions are not totally overlapping.
The effect of oral motor activity on the athletic performance of professional golfers

Human motor control is based on complex sensorimotor processes. Recent research has shown that neuromuscular activity of the craniomandibular system (CMS) might affect human motor control. In particular, improvements in postural stability and muscle strength have been observed as a result of voluntary jaw clenching. Potential benefits of jaw aligning appliances on muscle strength and golf performance have also been described. These reports are highly contradictory, however, and the oral motor task performed is often unclear. The purpose of our study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of submaximum biting on golf performance via shot precision and shot length over three different distances. Participants were 14 male professional golfers – seven with sleep bruxism and seven without – randomly performing golf shots over 60m, 160m, or driving distance while either biting on an oral splint or biting on their teeth; habitual jaw position served as the control condition. Statistical analysis revealed that oral motor activity did not systematically affect golf performance in respect of shot precision or shot length for 60m, 160 m, or driving distance. These findings were reinforced by impact variables such as club head speed and ball speed, which were also not indicative of significant effects. The results thus showed that the strength improvements and stabilizing effects described previously are, apparently, not transferable to such coordination-demanding sports as golf. This could be due to the divergent motor demands associated with postural control and muscle strength on the one hand and the complex coordination of a golf swing on the other. Interestingly, subjects without sleep bruxism performed significantly better at the short distance (60 m) than those with bruxism. Because of the multifactorial etiology of parafunctional CMS activity, conclusions about the need for dental treatment to improve sports performance are, however, completely unwarranted.
Developmental Issues in the Study of Coping

Developmental issues generally have been ignored in the study of coping. Thus, the goals of this paper were threefold: (1) to summarise theory in which coping is placed in the larger context of emotion regulation; (2) to review brie‘y existing literature related to consistency and change in coping, interrelations among coping strategies at different ages, and the relation of coping to the quality of social functioning at different ages; and (3) to summarise data from a longitudinal study pertaining to the aforementioned issues. Coping was relatively consistent across time (over a six-year period); there were some age-related changes in mean levels of children’s adult-reported coping; and there was considerable consistency in interrelations of coping strategies at different ages. In general, relations of coping to social functioning were similar across age, although some age-related changes in patterns were noted.
Reversion in expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase following cell hybridization.

Hybridization of mutant cell lines deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT; E.C.: 2.4.2.8) from a variety of established rodent sources with HGPRT plus human cells yielded progeny cells which grew in selective medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine (HAT). The same result was obtained when the human cell used was an HGPRT minus transformed line derived from a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that all HAT-resistant progeny clones contained an active HGPRT enzyme which was indistinguishable from the wild type enzyme of the corresponding normal rodent cells. In contrast, no HAT-resistant cells have been obtained when the same HGPRT minus rodent cells were subjected to fusion processes in the absence of human cells or when they fused with similarly derived HGPRT minus mutant cells of other rodents. Reversion in expression of the rodent gene for HGPRT was detected in clones which retained one or more human chromosomes and in clones which contained no detectable human chromosomal material. The observed re-expression of rodent HGPRT in HAT-resistant clones suggests that HGPRT plus as well as HGPRT minus human cells contributed a factor which determined the expression of respective rodent structural genes for HGPRT. In contrast, HGPRT minus rodent cells were unable to induce the synthesis or normal HGPRT in the cells derived from the patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
Selection History Modulates Working Memory Capacity

Recent studies have shown that past selection history affects the allocation of attention on target selection. However, it is unclear whether context-driven selection history can modulate the efficacy of attention allocation on working memory (WM) representations. This study tests the influences of selection history on WM capacity. A display of one item (low load) or three/four items (high load) was shown for the participants to hold in WM in a delayed response task. Participants then judged whether a probe item was in the memory display or not. Selection history was defined as the number of items attended across trials in the task context within a block, manipulated by the stimulus set-size in the contexts with fewer possible stimuli (4-item or 5-item context) or more possible stimuli (8-item or 9-item context) from which the memorized content was selected. The capacity measure (i.e., the K measure) was estimated to reflect the number of items that can be held in WM. Across four behavioral experiments, the results revealed that the capacity was significantly reduced in the context with more possible stimuli relative to the context with fewer possible stimuli. Moreover, the reduction in capacity was significant for high WM load and not observed when the focus was on only a single item. Together, these findings indicate that context-driven selection history and focused attention influence WM capacity.
Seismotectonics of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone in the Los Angeles basin, southern California

The Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIF) strikes northwest along the western margin of the Los Angeles basin in southern California. The seismicity (1973 to 1985) of M_L ≧ 2.5 that occurred within a 20-km-wide rectangle centered on the NIF extending from the Santa Monica fault in the north to Newport Beach in the south is analyzed. A simultaneous full inversion scheme (VELEST) is used to invert for hypocentral parameters, two velocity models, and a set of station delays. Arrival time data from three quarry blasts are included to stabilize the inversion. The first velocity model applies to stations located along the rim and outside the Los Angeles basin and is well resolved. It is almost identical to the starting model, which is the model routinely used by the CIT/USGS southern California seismic network for locating local earthquakes. The second velocity model applies to stations located within the Los Angeles basin. It shows significantly lower velocities down to depths of 12 to 16 km, which is consistent with basement of Catalina Schist below the sediments in the western Los Angeles basin. The distribution of relocated hypocenters shows an improved correspondence to mapped surface traces of late Quaternary fault segments of the NIF. A diffuse trend of seismicity is observed along the Inglewood fault from the Dominguez Hills, across the Baldwin Hills to the Santa Monica fault in the north. The seismicity adjacent to Long Beach, however, is offset 4 to 5 km to the east, near the trace of the subsurface Los Alamitos fault. The depth distribution of earthquakes along the NIF shows clustering from 6 to 11 km depth, which is similar to average seismogenic depths in southern California. Thirty-nine single-event focal mechanisms of small earthquakes (1977 to 1985) show mostly strike-slip faulting with some reverse faulting along the north segment (north of Dominguez Hills) and some normal faulting along the south segment (south of Dominguez Hills to Newport Beach). The results of an inversion of the focal mechanism data for orientations of the principal stress axes and their relative magnitudes indicate that the minimum principal stress is vertical along the north segment while the intermediate stress is vertical along the south segment. The maximum principal stress axis is oriented 10° to 25° east of north. Reverse faulting along the north segment indicates that a transition zone of mostly compressive deformation exists between the Los Angeles block and the Central Transverse Ranges.
The Sunni and Shia Schism: Religion, Islamic Politics, and Why Americans Need to Know the Differences

Research indicates that most American citizens know little about Islam and, specifically, the major differences between Sunni Muslims and Shiite Muslims and why this matters to the United States. Although the two major Islamic factions share many common core beliefs and practices, there are some significant religious and political differences dating back to the disagreement over the succession of leadership in the Muslim community after the Prophet Muhammad died in 632. Indeed, sectarianism has played a pivotal role in the turbulent geopolitics of the Middle East for centuries. Islam must be studied for its contributions and role in world history. Therefore, it is crucial that social studies educators teach not only the core beliefs, rituals, and history of Islam but the differences between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. This knowledge is vital if Americans are to make prudent decisions regarding support for specific foreign policy positions and decisions regarding Islam and Muslim countries. This article describes and explains the differences between Sunni and Shiite Muslims and discusses the implications for the United States and social studies education. Finally, the article shows how Islam can be implemented in the NCSS C3 Framework.
MPPT algorithm for PV array connected to a Hybrid Generation System

In this paper, a modified algorithm based on the gradient descent method is proposed for determining, in real time, the maximum power provided by a PV Array connected to an Hybrid Generation System (HGS). In this system the PV array is connected to the dc-link of a back-to-back converter to drive a three-phase induction motor from a single-phase power grid. While the PV array operates at its maximum power, the remaining power is drawn or delivered to the power grid according to the load power demands. The proposed algorithm reduces the convergence time period and minimizes the residual error around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) value. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is analyzed through simulation results to evaluate its performance under transient and steady-state conditions. Furthermore, its dynamics is compared with the well-known “Perturb and Observe” (P&O) MPPT algorithm.
Norms in Social Media: The Application of Theory of Reasoned Action and Personal Norms in Predicting Interactions With Facebook Page Like Ads

ABSTRACT This study employs the theory of reasoned action and personal descriptive and injunctive norms to predict individuals’ intentions to interact with Page Like Ads on Facebook, which are a type of ad that individuals may “like,” “share,” or make a “comment” on. The survey findings from 631 respondents indicate that attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and personal descriptive norms influenced behavioral intentions to interact with page Like Ads. In addition, this study found that subjective norms, personal descriptive norms, and personal injunctive norms were shaped by interpersonal influences (e.g., family). This study contributes to research on the theory of reasoned action and personal norms and provides practical implications for media practitioners, especially for advertisers and marketers.