Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Clear Aligners

Clear aligners provide a convenient model to measure orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). We examined the role of in vivo aligner material fatigue and subject-specific factors in tooth movement. Fifteen subjects seeking orthodontic treatment at the University of Florida were enrolled. Results were compared with data previously collected from 37 subjects enrolled in a similar protocol. Subjects were followed prospectively for eight weeks. An upper central incisor was programmed to move 0.5 mm. every two weeks using clear aligners. A duplicate aligner was provided for the second week of each cycle. Weekly polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impressions were taken, and digital models were fabricated to measure OTM. Initial and final cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained to characterize OTM. Results were compared to data from a similar protocol, where subjects received a new aligner biweekly. No significant difference was found in the amount of OTM between the two groups, with mean total OTM of 1.11 mm. (standard deviation (SD) 0.30) and 1.07 mm. (SD 0.33) for the weekly aligner and biweekly control groups, respectively (P = 0.72). Over eight weeks, in two-week intervals, material fatigue does not play a significant role in the rate or amount of tooth movement.
Second-generation antipsychotic medications in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE We reviewed available pediatric literature on second-generation antipsychotic medications to assess current evidence of efficacy and safety. METHOD An English language MEDLINE search (1974-2003) was conducted using key words-atypical antipsychotics, children and adolescents, toxicity, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole. Additional efficacy and safety data were obtained from drug manufacturers. RESULTS We identified 176 reports, including 15 double-blind, controlled trials, 58 openlabel studies, 18 retrospective chart reviews, and 85 case series/reports. The majority of these studies (43%) were of risperidone. Evidence suggests that second-generation antipsychotics are efficacious in the treatment of psychosis, bipolar disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, and Tourette's Disorder, and are potentially useful in mental retardation, conduct disorder, and severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The most frequently reported side effects included cardiovascular effects, weight gain, sedation, sialorrhea, extrapyramidal signs, and hyperprolactinemia, although the relative frequencies of these untoward effects vary among medications. CONCLUSION Although the evidence base for pediatric use of second-generation antipsychotics is expanding, the majority of available studies are anecdotal, or short-term, openlabel trials. Reports suggest that these compounds are effective for a variety of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, but additional double-blind, controlled studies are required to establish definitive efficacy. Although these medications appear to be well tolerated in short-term studies, long-term follow-up investigations and ongoing clinical monitoring are necessary to confirm their safety in this age group.
Increased Susceptibility to Cortical Spreading Depression in the Mouse Model of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Type 2

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) is an autosomal dominant form of migraine with aura that is caused by mutations of the α2-subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, an isoform almost exclusively expressed in astrocytes in the adult brain. We generated the first FHM2 knock-in mouse model carrying the human W887R mutation in the Atp1a2 orthologous gene. Homozygous Atp1a2R887/R887 mutants died just after birth, while heterozygous Atp1a2+/R887 mice showed no apparent clinical phenotype. The mutant α2 Na,K-ATPase protein was barely detectable in the brain of homozygous mutants and strongly reduced in the brain of heterozygous mutants, likely as a consequence of endoplasmic reticulum retention and subsequent proteasomal degradation, as we demonstrate in transfected cells. In vivo analysis of cortical spreading depression (CSD), the phenomenon underlying migraine aura, revealed a decreased induction threshold and an increased velocity of propagation in the heterozygous FHM2 mouse. Since several lines of evidence involve a specific role of the glial α2 Na,K pump in active reuptake of glutamate from the synaptic cleft, we hypothesize that CSD facilitation in the FHM2 mouse model is sustained by inefficient glutamate clearance by astrocytes and consequent increased cortical excitatory neurotransmission. The demonstration that FHM2 and FHM1 mutations share the ability to facilitate induction and propagation of CSD in mouse models further support the role of CSD as a key migraine trigger.
On the probabilistic modeling of consistency for iterated positional election procedures

A well-known fact about positional election procedures is that its ranking of m alternatives can change when some of the alternatives are removed from consideration—even if the voters’ preferences remain constant. In particular, suppose we are given a positional procedure on each of 2, 3, . ,m alternatives and a collective preference order for each distinct subset of the m alternatives. Saari [26] has established that with few exceptions, we can find a voter profile for which the collective preference order for each subset under the according positional procedure is the one given. However, Saari’s results do not quantify the likelihood of finding such voter profiles. For small numbers of alternatives, William Gehrlein [19] developed a statistical model to explore the probabilities that particular collective preference orders on subsets of alternatives can occur for large electorates. One goal of this research is to determine whether changes in the collective preference order as alternatives are removed can be considered to be the norm or an outlier for positional procedures. This dissertation extends the research headed by Gehrlein in two directions. One, I generalize his statistical model to explore probabilities for iterated election procedures. Gehrlein’s model previously produced results only for three alternatives and in limited cases for four alternatives. I have extended this model to produce results for up to five alternatives, including analysis of instant-runoff voting and runoff elections. Two, Gehrlein’s model required specific conditions on the probability distribution of individual voter preferences across the population. I relax this assumption so that for any probability distribution of individual voter preferences across the population, I can explore the probability that a collective preference order is inconsistent with the outcomes when alternatives are removed.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J Cosmological dynamics with propagating Lorentz connection modes of spin zero

The Poincar´e gauge theory of gravity has a Lorentz connection with both torsion and curvature. For this theory two good propagating connection modes, carrying spin-0 + and spin-0 − , have been found. The possible eﬀects of the spin-0 + mode in cosmology were investigated in a previous work by our group; there it was found that the 0 + mode could account for the presently accelerating universe. Here, we extend the analysis to also include the spin-0 − mode. The resulting cosmological model has three degrees of freedom. We present both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian form of the dynamic equations for this model, ﬁnd the late-time normal modes, and present some numerical evolution cases. In the late time asymptotic regime the two dynamic modes decouple, and the acceleration of the Universe oscillates due to the spin-0 + mode.
Synthesis Imaging of Dense Gas in Nearby Galaxies

We present images of the HCN J = 1-0 emission from five nearby spiral galaxies made with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association interferometer. The HCN observations comprise the first high-resolution (θ ~ 5''-10'') survey of dense molecular gas from a sample of normal galaxies, rather than galaxies with prolific starburst or nuclear activities. The images show compact structure, demonstrating that the dense gas emission is largely confined to the central kiloparsec of the sources. To within the uncertainties, 70%-100% of the single-dish flux is recovered for each source; this implies that there is not a significant contribution to the HCN flux from low-level emission in the disks of the galaxies. In one of the galaxies, NGC 6946, the ratio of HCN to CO integrated intensities ranges from 0.05-0.2 within the extent of the HCN emission (r = 150 pc), with an average value of 0.11 ± 0.01 over the whole region; the range and average values of the ratios in NGC 6946 are very similar to what is observed in the central r = 250 pc of the Milky Way. A comparison with single-dish observations allows us to place an upper limit of 0.01 on the ratio of integrated intensities in the region 150 < r < 800 pc in NGC 6946. In NGC 6946, NGC 1068 and the Milky Way, the ratio IHCN/ICO is 5-10 times higher in the bulge regions than in their disks; this suggests that the physical conditions in their bulges and disks are very different. Furthermore, the presence of dense gas on size scales of ~500 pc in the centers of these nearby galaxies and the Milky Way suggests that the internal pressure is at least 107 cm-3 K in their centers; this is some 3 orders of magnitude greater than the pressure in the local interstellar medium in the Milky Way, and it is 2 orders of magnitude greater than the pressure from the self-gravity of a solar neighborhood giant molecular cloud. In NGC 4826 and M51, as in the Milky Way and NGC 1068, there is a linear offset of ~100 pc between the dense gas distribution and the peak of the radio continuum emission. We did not detect HCN toward three additional spiral galaxies.
Relationship of depression in participants with nonspecific acute or subacute low back pain and no-pain by age distribution

Background and purpose Nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition in various age ranges and is associated with depression. The aim of this study was to determine the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in participants with nonspecific LBP and no-pain by age distribution. Methods A case–control study was carried out following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology criteria. A sample of 332 participants, divided into the following age categories: 19–24 (n=11), 25–39 (n=66), 40–64 (n=90), 65–79 (n=124), and ≥80 (n=41) years was recruited from domiciliary visits and an outpatient clinic. The BDI scores were self-reported in participants with nonspecific acute or subacute (≤3 months) LBP (n=166) and no-pain (n=166). Results The BDI scores, mean ± standard deviation, showed statistically significant differences (p<0.001) between participants with nonspecific acute or subacute LBP (9.590±6.370) and no-pain (5.825±5.113). Significantly higher BDI scores were obtained from participants with nonspecific acute and subacute LBP in those aged 40–64 years (p<0.001; 9.140±6.074 vs 4.700±3.777) and 65–79 years (p<0.001; 10.672±6.126 vs 6.210±5.052). Differences were not significant in younger patients aged 19–24 (p=0.494; 5.000±2.646 vs 8.250±7.498), 25–39 (p=0.138; 5.440±5.245 vs 3.634±4.397), and in those aged ≥80 years (p=0.094; 13.625±6.1331 vs 10.440±5.591). Conclusion Participants with nonspecific acute and subacute LBP present higher BDI depression scores, influenced by age distribution. Specifically, patients in the age range from 40 to 80 years with LBP could require more psychological care in addition to any medical or physical therapy. Nevertheless, physical factors, different outcomes, and larger sample size should be considered in future studies.
Identification of Optimum Sequencing Depth Especially for De Novo Genome Assembly of Small Genomes Using Next Generation Sequencing Data

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a disruptive technology that has found widespread acceptance in the life sciences research community. The high throughput and low cost of sequencing has encouraged researchers to undertake ambitious genomic projects, especially in de novo genome sequencing. Currently, NGS systems generate sequence data as short reads and de novo genome assembly using these short reads is computationally very intensive. Due to lower cost of sequencing and higher throughput, NGS systems now provide the ability to sequence genomes at high depth. However, currently no report is available highlighting the impact of high sequence depth on genome assembly using real data sets and multiple assembly algorithms. Recently, some studies have evaluated the impact of sequence coverage, error rate and average read length on genome assembly using multiple assembly algorithms, however, these evaluations were performed using simulated datasets. One limitation of using simulated datasets is that variables such as error rates, read length and coverage which are known to impact genome assembly are carefully controlled. Hence, this study was undertaken to identify the minimum depth of sequencing required for de novo assembly for different sized genomes using graph based assembly algorithms and real datasets. Illumina reads for E.coli (4.6 MB) S.kudriavzevii (11.18 MB) and C.elegans (100 MB) were assembled using SOAPdenovo, Velvet, ABySS, Meraculous and IDBA-UD. Our analysis shows that 50X is the optimum read depth for assembling these genomes using all assemblers except Meraculous which requires 100X read depth. Moreover, our analysis shows that de novo assembly from 50X read data requires only 6–40 GB RAM depending on the genome size and assembly algorithm used. We believe that this information can be extremely valuable for researchers in designing experiments and multiplexing which will enable optimum utilization of sequencing as well as analysis resources.
Managing Knowledge Integration: Balancing Professional and Managerial Logics in an Engineering Consulting firm

Integrating professional expertise in professional service firms (PSFs) is a key strategic challenge in the contemporary economy and individual firms. Previous research has pointed out that the governance of key aspects of PSFs, including knowledge integration, is shifting from a professional to a managerial logic, a shift that is often pictured as conflict laden based on the incompatibility of the two logics. Based on a study of knowledge integration in an engineering consulting firm, the current paper shows how managerial and professional logics interplay in shaping knowledge integration practices. We identify both aspects in which the logics reinforce each other in enabling knowledge integration and tensions that threaten knowledge integration. We conclude that the professional logic is a key driver of knowledge integration, but that the managerial logic, including its formal HR practices, may support knowledge integration through secondary effects if applied in a thoughtful way.
Growth rates of phytoplankton under fluctuating light

1. The effect of light fluctuations on the growth rates of four species of freshwater phytoplankton was investigated. Experimental light regimes included constant irradiance and fluctuations of a step function form, with equal proportion of high (maximum of 240 mmol photons m s) and low light (minimum of 5 mmol photons m s) (or dark) in a period. Fluctuations of 1, 8 and 24-h periods were imposed over several average irradiances (25, 50, 100 and 120 mmol photons m s). 2. Growth rate responses to fluctuations were species-specific and depended on both the average irradiance and the period of fluctuations. Fluctuations at low average irradiances slightly increased growth rate of the diatom Nitzschia sp. and depressed growth of the cyanobacterium Phormidium luridum and the green alga Sphaerocystis schroeteri compared to a constant irradiance. 3. Fluctuations at higher average irradiance did not have a significant effect on the growth rates of Nitzschia sp. and Sphaerocystis schroeteri (fluctuations around saturating irradiances) and slightly increased the growth rates of the cyanobacteria Anabaena flosaquae and Phormidium luridum (when irradiance fluctuated between limiting and inhibiting levels). 4. In general, the effect of fluctuations tended to be greater when irradiance fluctuated between limiting and saturating or inhibiting levels of a species growth-irradiance curve compared to fluctuations within a single region of the curve. 5. The growth rates of species under fluctuating light could not always be predicted from their growth-irradiance curves obtained under constant irradiance. When fluctuations occur between limiting and saturating or inhibiting irradiances for the alga and when the period of fluctuations is long (greater than 8 h), steady-state growth-irradiance curves may be insufficient to predict growth rates adequately. Consequently, additional data on physiological acclimation, such as changes in photosynthetic parameters, may be required for predictions under non-constant light supply in comparison to constant conditions.
Design and performance of a highly integrated wideband active downconverter MMIC

The design and performance of a highly integrated wideband downconverter MMIC is described. The circuit utilizes 0.25 /spl mu/m pHEMT technology and a high density interconnect (HDI) process to yield a single ended, double balanced active downconverter with a 1 mm/sup 2/ die area. The circuit is self biased and draws 17-24 mA from a single 3-5 V positive supply. Diode level shifting is employed to achieve a direct coupled IF output. Measured performance of the MMIC demonstrates 10 GHz 3 dB-RF bandwidth and positive conversion gain through 18 GHz.
Multioccupant Activity Recognition in Pervasive Smart Home Environments

Human activity recognition in ambient intelligent environments like homes, offices, and classrooms has been the center of a lot of research for many years now. The aim is to recognize the sequence of actions by a specific person using sensor readings. Most of the research has been devoted to activity recognition of single occupants in the environment. However, living environments are usually inhabited by more than one person and possibly with pets. Hence, human activity recognition in the context of multioccupancy is more general, but also more challenging. The difficulty comes from mainly two aspects: resident identification, known as data association, and diversity of human activities. The present survey article provides an overview of existing approaches and current practices for activity recognition in multioccupant smart homes. It presents the latest developments and highlights the open issues in this field.
Calibrating One's Moral Compass: How Principal Preparation Shapes School Leaders.

note: This manuscript has been peer-reviewed, accepted, and is endorsed by the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) as a signi cant contribution to the scholarship and practice of education administration. In addition to publication in the International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, Volume 7, Number 2 (Summer 2012), ISSN 21559635, this manuscript exists in the Connexions Content Commons as an Open Education Resource (OER). Formatted and edited by Theodore Creighton, Virginia Tech; Brad Bizzell, Radford University; and Janet Tareilo, Stephen F. Austin State University. The assignment of topic editor and double-blind reviews are managed by Editor, Linda Lemasters, George Washington University. The IJELP is indexed in the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), sponsored by the United States Department of Education.
Genomic Biomarkers for Personalized Medicine: Development and Validation in Clinical Studies

The establishment of high-throughput technologies has brought substantial advances to our understanding of the biology of many diseases at the molecular level and increasing expectations on the development of innovative molecularly targeted treatments and molecular biomarkers or diagnostic tests in the context of clinical studies. In this review article, we position the two critical statistical analyses of high-dimensional genomic data, gene screening and prediction, in the framework of development and validation of genomic biomarkers or signatures, through taking into consideration the possible different strategies for developing genomic signatures. A wide variety of biomarker-based clinical trial designs to assess clinical utility of a biomarker or a new treatment with a companion biomarker are also discussed.
Creativity in Work: An Educational Program for Improving Nurses` Productivity

Creativity is fundamental for the advancement of nursing practice and turn into a prerequisite for enhancing nursing results. In addition, nurses’ creativity assumes critical part as, seeks high value to an organizations' development, productivity and maintainability is entrenched. Productivity is a critical marker of professional development within any professional group, including nurses. Aim: The present study aimed to assess effect of education program about creativity in work on nurses' productivity. Research Design: Quasi experimental design was utilized. Study Setting: the study was conducted in general medical and surgical units at Benha University Hospital. The study sample was: A convenience sample of staff nurses (102) from the above-mentioned setting. Tools of data collection: Four tools were used: (1) Creativity knowledge questionnaire, (2) Attitude toward creativity questionnaire, and (3) Level of creativity questionnaire, (4) Nursing productivity questionnaire. Results: The findings of this study showed that there was highly statistically significant improvement in staff nurses' knowledge and attitude toward creativity thorough program. In addition, there was highly statistically significant improvement in staff nurses` level of creativity and level of productivity thorough program. Conclusion: The study concluded that that there was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between level of productivity and level of creativity and attitude toward creativity immediate post program. Recommendation: Policymakers nurse educators, nursing and hospital managers should provide a nurturing environment that is conducive to creative thinking, giving the nurses opportunity for flexibility, creativity, support for change, and risk taking for increasing productivity. And nursing faculties should integrate creative thinking education in study courses.
Radio Resource Assignment in Multiple-Chip-Rate DS/CDMA Systems Supporting Multimedia Services

This paper is concerned with radio resource allocation in multiple-chip-rate (MCR) DS/CDMA systems accommodating multimedia services with different information rates and quality requirements. Considering both power spectral density (PSD) over a radio frequency (RF) band and the effect of RF input filtering on the receiver in MCR-DS/CDMA systems, criteria for capacity estimation are presented and the characteristics of co-channel interference between subsystems are investigated. System performance in MCR-DS/CDMA systems is strongly affected by radio resource assignment. A minimum power-increment-based resource assignment scheme for an efficient resource assignment scheme is proposed herein. The performance of this scheme is compared with that of a random-based resource assignment scheme in terms of blocking probability and normalized throughput. The minimum power-increment-based resource assignment scheme yields a better performance than the random-based resource assignment scheme for multimedia services. key words: multiple-chip-rate DS/CDMA, capacity, radio re-