Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in the outpatient setting: a review.

IMPORTANCE Urinary tract infection is among the most common reasons for an outpatient visit and antibiotic use in adult populations. The increasing prevalence of antibacterial resistance among community uropathogens affects the diagnosis and management of this clinical syndrome. OBJECTIVES To define the optimal approach for treating acute cystitis in young healthy women and in women with diabetes and men and to define the optimal approach for diagnosing acute cystitis in the outpatient setting. EVIDENCE REVIEW Evidence for optimal treatment regimens was obtained by searching PubMed and the Cochrane database for English-language studies published up to July 21, 2014. FINDINGS Twenty-seven randomized clinical trials (6463 patients), 6 systematic reviews, and 11 observational studies (252,934 patients) were included in our review. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in women can be diagnosed without an office visit or urine culture. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160/800 mg twice daily for 3 days), nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals (100 mg twice daily for 5-7 days), and fosfomycin trometamol (3 g in a single dose) are all appropriate first-line therapies for uncomplicated cystitis. Fluoroquinolones are effective for clinical outcomes but should be reserved for more invasive infections. β-Lactam agents (amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefpodoxime-proxetil) are not as effective as empirical first-line therapies. Immediate antimicrobial therapy is recommended rather than delayed treatment or symptom management with ibuprofen alone. Limited observational studies support 7 to 14 days of therapy for acute urinary tract infection in men. Based on 1 observational study and our expert opinion, women with diabetes without voiding abnormalities presenting with acute cystitis should be treated similarly to women without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Immediate antimicrobial therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, or fosfomycin is indicated for acute cystitis in adult women. Increasing resistance rates among uropathogens have complicated treatment of acute cystitis. Individualized assessment of risk factors for resistance and regimen tolerability is needed to choose the optimum empirical regimen.
Ovipositional Biology of Viburnum Leaf Beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract Pyrrhalta viburni Paykull, a new landscape pest in the United States, feeds in both the larval and adult stages on foliage of plants in the genus Viburnum. We measured lifetime oviposition capacity of mated and unmated females reared in the laboratory versus field-collected females, as well as ovipositional response to physical characteristics of the host plant. Both mated and unmated females produced eggs, but at different rates. Field-collected females and mated females reared in the laboratory laid similar numbers of egg masses containing similar numbers of eggs, but unmated females laid approximately one half as many eggs, the result primarily of smaller clutch size. Mated females reared in the laboratory had a preovipositional period of 11.4 ± 1.7 versus 29 + 11.7 d for unmated females, and unmated females lived significantly longer than mated females. The angle and diameter of stems of V. trilobum, a very susceptible host, both greatly influenced oviposition; females laid most eggs on vertically oriented stems, and those of smallest diameter; when these factors were combined, stem diameter predominated. Females also had a very strong geotactic response, preferring to lay eggs on portions of stems toward gravity, even when stems were at fairly shallow angles.
Tracking the origin of an invasive species: Drosophila subobscura in Argentina

Biological invasions are excellent opportunities to study the evolutionary forces leading to the adaptation of a species to a new habitat. Knowledge of the introduction history of colonizing species helps tracking colonizing routes and assists in defining management strategies for invasive species. The Palearctic species Drosophila subobscura is a good model organism for tracking colonizations since it was detected in Chile and western North America three decades ago and later on in the Atlantic coast of Argentina. To unravel the origin of the Argentinean colonizers two populations have been analysed with several genetic markers. Chromosomal arrangements and microsatellite alleles found in Argentina are almost similar to those observed in Chile and USA. The lethal allelism test demonstrates that the lethal gene associated with the O5 inversions in Argentina is identical to that found in Chile and USA, strongly supporting the hypothesis that all the American colonizing populations originated from the same colonization event. A secondary bottleneck is detected in the Argentinean populations and the genetic markers suggest that these populations originated from the invasion of 80–150 founding individuals from Chile.
Resistance to Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents in Patients Treated with Online Hemodiafiltration and Ultrapure Low-Flux Hemodialysis: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (CONTRAST)

Resistance to erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) is common in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment. ESA responsiveness might be improved by enhanced clearance of uremic toxins of middle molecular weight, as can be obtained by hemodiafiltration (HDF). In this analysis of the randomized controlled CONvective TRAnsport STudy (CONTRAST; NCT00205556), the effect of online HDF on ESA resistance and iron parameters was studied. This was a pre-specified secondary endpoint of the main trial. A 12 months' analysis of 714 patients randomized to either treatment with online post-dilution HDF or continuation of low-flux HD was performed. Both groups were treated with ultrapure dialysis fluids. ESA resistance, measured every three months, was expressed as the ESA index (weight adjusted weekly ESA dose in daily defined doses [DDD]/hematocrit). The mean ESA index during 12 months was not different between patients treated with HDF or HD (mean difference HDF versus HD over time 0.029 DDD/kg/Hct/week [−0.024 to 0.081]; P = 0.29). Mean transferrin saturation ratio and ferritin levels during the study tended to be lower in patients treated with HDF (−2.52% [−4.72 to −0.31]; P = 0.02 and −49 ng/mL [−103 to 4]; P = 0.06 respectively), although there was a trend for those patients to receive slightly more iron supplementation (7.1 mg/week [−0.4 to 14.5]; P = 0.06). In conclusion, compared to low-flux HD with ultrapure dialysis fluid, treatment with online HDF did not result in a decrease in ESA resistance. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00205556
Modeling the cost-benefits tradeoffs for regression testing techniques

Regression testing is an expensive activity that can account for a large proportion of the software maintenance budget. Because engineers add tests into test suites as software evolves, over time, increased test suite size makes revalidation of the software more expensive. Regression test selection, test suite reduction, and test case prioritization techniques can help with this, by reducing the number of regression tests that must be run and by helping testers meet testing objectives more quickly. These techniques, however can be expensive to employ and may not reduce overall regression testing costs. Thus, practitioners and researchers could benefit from cost models that would help them assess the cost-benefits of techniques. Cost models have been proposed for this purpose, but some of these models omit important factors, and others cannot truly evaluate cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we present new cost-benefits models for regression test selection, test suite reduction, and test case prioritization, that capture previously omitted factors, and support cost-benefits analyses where they were not supported before. We present the results of an empirical study assessing these models.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP AKSEPTOR KB PRIA TENTANG VASEKTOMI SERTA DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN PARTISIPASI PRIA DALAM VASEKTOMI (DI KECAMATAN TEJAKULA KABUPATEN BULELENG)

Partisipasi pria menjadi indikator keberhasilan program KB. Faktor yang terkait dengan partisipasi pria dalam vasektomi seperti pengetahuan , sikap akseptor KB pria tentang vasektomi serta dukungan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui h ubungan pengetahuan, sikap akseptor K B pria tentang vasektomi dan dukungan keluarga dengan partisipasi pria dalam Vasektomi . Penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik cross sectional . Populasi adalah Akseptor KB Pria Kecamatan Tejakula berju mlah 112 orang, s ampel berjumlah 87 orang, dengan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Uji hipotesis dengan analisis Regresi Logistik. H ubungan positif yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan partisipasi pria ( p=0,001 OR = 9,026; CI 95% 3,390 hingga 24,029). Hubungan positif yang signifikan sikap dengan partisipasi pria (p = 0,0 01 ; OR= 4,531 ; CI95% 1,831 hingga 11,211 ). Hubungan positif yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan partisipasi pria (p = 0, 028 ; OR= 2,647 ; CI95% 1,111 hingga 6,308 ). Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dukungan Keluarga, Partisipasi dalam Vasektomi
Experimental investigation of indirect electrostatic discharge (ESD) for a three body problem

An experimental investigation of indirect electrostatic discharge (ESD) events for a three body geometry was conducted. Using conducting cylinders of different sizes to model the test system's conductors, capacitance coefficients were measured and body potentials calculated for different geometries of the three floating conductors in close vicinity. The test geometry was chosen to model the approach of the charged human body to an electronic systems which has a neighboring floating conductor. Parameters studied include body sizes, test geometry, and the relative magnitude and polarity of the charges on the three bodies. The results of this work provide a better understanding of the fundamental principles involved in the ESD event involving three bodies. The results have application in estimating the effect of ESD on electronic devices and systems.
Studying the correlation of renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) components and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs)

Abstract Objective: It is estimated that 5–7% of women of reproductive age have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance (IR) are the main characters of this complex syndrome. IR, diabetes and obesity are all strongly correlated with PCOS; moreover, the possibility of direct androgen mediated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) stimulation in women with PCOS is also reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between RAS, IR and PCOS Study design: Thirty one women with PCOS, diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria, were compared with thirty six control subjects. Both case and control groups were evaluated regarding to their basal hormonal profile, fasting blood sugar, IR, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin ІІ (AngІІ) levels. Results: Compared to controls both ACE activity (p = 0.04) and AngΙΙ levels (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in case group. No significant differences between patients and controls were found in PRA. The results demonstrated that IR (p = 0.02) and fasting insulin (p = 0.004) were higher in case group, there was also a positive correlation between ACE activity and IR in case group (p = 0.02, r = 0.2). Conclusion: These results may suggest that there is an important correlation between ACE activity and IR in patients with PCOS.
Hyperglycemia Predicts Persistently Lower Muscle Strength With Aging

OBJECTIVE Persons with diabetes have accelerated muscle loss compared with their counterparts. The relationship of hyperglycemia per se to declines in muscle function has not been explored yet has implications for developing appropriate intervention strategies to prevent muscle loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined 984 participants aged 25–96 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2003–2011) with HbA1c, knee extensor strength (isokinetic dynamometer), and lean body mass (DEXA) measured at baseline. Participants had repeated measurements up to 7.5 years later. Muscle quality was defined as knee extensor strength/leg lean mass. Participants were categorized by HbA1c quartile (<5.5, 5.5–5.79, 5.8–6.09, and ≥6.1% or <37, 37–40, 40–43, and ≥43 mmol/mol). Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the regression of muscle outcomes on HbA1c. RESULTS Muscle strength and quality were significantly lower across HbA1c quartiles (both P < 0.001), without differences in muscle mass at baseline. Comparing highest versus lowest HbA1c quartiles and adjusting for age, race, sex, weight, and height, strength was significantly lower (−4.70 ± 2.30 N · m; P value trend = 0.02) and results were unchanged after adjustment for physical activity (P value trend = 0.045) but of borderline significance after additional adjustment for peripheral neuropathy (P value trend = 0.05). Adjusting for demographics, muscle quality was significantly lower (−0.32 ± 0.15 N · m/kg; P value trend = 0.02) in the highest versus lowest HbA1c quartiles, but differences were attenuated after adjusting for weight and height (−0.25 ± 0.15 N · m/kg; P value trend = 0.07). Muscle mass measures were similar across HbA1c quartiles. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia is associated with persistently lower muscle strength with aging, but this effect may be mediated, at least in part, by peripheral neuropathy. Future studies should explore if better glycemic control can preserve muscle function in diabetes.
Dreaming and the Self: New Perspectives on Subjectivity, Identity, and Emotion

Drawing upon original fieldwork, cultural theory, and psychological research, Dreaming and the Self offers new approaches to the self—particularly to subjectivity, identity, and emotion. Through an investigation of dreams in various cultures, the contributors explore how people as subjects actually experience cultural life, how they forge identities out of their cultural and historical experiences, how the cultural and historical worlds in which they live shape even their bodily habits and responses, and how the person as agent responds to and imaginatively recreates his or her culture. These essays demonstrate that dreams reflect tellingly on topics of great currency in anthropology, such as how people personally manage postcolonialism, transnationalism, and migration. Actual dreams are examined, including dreams of Samoan young people about race; of a Haitian priestess about vodou deities; of a Pakistani about spiritual teachers; of psychoanalytic clients in Los Angeles and San Diego about cars, witches, and sex; and of a young Balinese mother about a neglected dog.
Construction and Validation of the Perceived Opportunity to Craft Scale

We developed and validated a scale to measure employees’ perceived opportunity to craft (POC) in two separate studies conducted in the Netherlands (total N = 2329). POC is defined as employees’ perception of their opportunity to craft their job. In Study 1, the perceived opportunity to craft scale (POCS) was developed and tested for its factor structure and reliability in an explorative way. Study 2 consisted of confirmatory analyses of the factor structure and reliability of the scale as well as examination of the discriminant and criterion-related validity of the POCS. The results indicated that the scale consists of one dimension and could be reliably measured with five items. Evidence was found for the discriminant validity of the POCS. The scale also showed criterion-related validity when correlated with job crafting (+), job resources (autonomy +; opportunities for professional development +), work engagement (+), and the inactive construct cynicism (-). We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and practice.
An Enhanced Image Retrieval using Contribution-based Clustering Algorithm with Spatial Feature of Texture Primitive and Edge Detection

retrieval based on content has been a very effective research area, with various techniques developed by various researchers. Developing those techniques needs proficiency in various areas of information technology: databases and indexing structures, system design and integration, graphical user interfaces (GUI), signal processing and analysis, man- machine interaction, user psychology, etc. This paper focuses on using Spatial Feature of Texture primitive and edge detection by using contribution based clustering algorithm and its efficiency is measured by comparing it with color feature. Experimental results show that the proposed method has increased the cost of precision of image retrieval.
The impact of postdischarge surveillance on surgical site infection diagnosis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of postdischarge surveillance on surgical site infection (SSI) diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN Prospective enrollment with retrospective case review SAMPLE POPULATION: Dogs and cats (n = 1271) undergoing surgery April 2012-November 2013. METHODS The medical record of each animal was reviewed and a 30-day follow-up questionnaire was sent to each pet owner. A standardized definition of SSI was used to identify all animals with SSI. The method of SSI detection was recorded as: re-presentation to the hospital, scheduled recheck, questionnaire, communication with the referring veterinarian, or a combination of the above. RESULTS SSI was identified in 36 (2.83%) of the 1271 animals included. All SSIs were diagnosed after discharge from the hospital. Seven of the 36 animals with SSI were diagnosed at re-presentation to the hospital, 5/36 at scheduled recheck, 10/36 on questionnaire, 10/36 at re-presentation to the hospital AND on questionnaire, and 4/36 on communication with referring veterinarian. Of the diagnosed SSIs, 72.2% were documented in the medical record. Therefore, without active postdischarge surveillance, 10/36 SSIs (27.8%) would have gone unknown to surgeons at our institution. CONCLUSION Understanding the incidence of SSI with feedback to surgeons is an important aspect of an infection control program and has been shown to reduce SSI risks. Without active postoperative surveillance, 27.8% of SSIs would have gone unknown to surgeons. Implementing active surveillance will allow accurate reporting of incidence of SSIs in veterinary hospitals.
Power-aware communication optimization for networks-on-chips with voltage scalable links

Networks-on-chip (NoC) is emerging as a practical development platform for future systems-on-chip products. We propose an energy-efficient static algorithm which optimizes the energy consumption of task communications in NoCs with voltage scalable links. In order to find optimal link speeds, the proposed algorithm (based on a genetic formulation) globally explores the design space of NoC-based systems, including task assignment, tile mapping, routing path allocation, task scheduling and link speed assignment. Experimental results show that the proposed design technique can reduce energy consumption by 28% on average compared with existing techniques.
New Products , Sales Promotions and Firm Value , With Application to the Automobile Industry

Year after year, managers strive to improve financial performance and firm value by marketing actions such as new product introductions and promotional incentives. The current study investigates the short-term and long-term impact of such marketing actions on financial metrics, including top-line, bottom-line and stock market performance. The authors apply multivariate time series models to the automobile industry, where both new product introductions and promotional incentives are considered important performance drivers. Interestingly, while both marketing actions increase top-line firm performance, their long-term effects strongly differ for the bottom line. First, new product introductions increase long-term financial performance and firm value, but promotions do not. Second, investor reaction to new product introduction grows over time, indicating that useful information unfolds in the first two months after product launch. Third, product entry in a new market yields the highest top-line, bottom-line and stock market benefits. Managers may use these results to justify new product efforts and to weigh short-term and long-term consequences of promotional incentives.
The influence of personal and collective self-esteem on the interpersonal and inter-group evalutations of Japanese university students

A sample of 236 Japanese college students evaluated themselves, two in-groups, and two outgroups, on five positive and five negative traits. They also completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and two subscales of the Luhtanen & Crocker Collective Self-Esteem Scale. The results revealed that the personal and collective self-esteem of Japanese college students is unaffected by perceptions of interpersonal or inter-group superiority or inferiority. It is therefore inferred that personal or group enhancement is not universally associated with personal or collective self-esteem. Individuals can maintain self-esteem without derogating out-groups or holding illusory “better than average” beliefs. Results also indicated that participants’ interpersonal assessments varied depending on the specificity of the in-group serving as the comparison target (participants assessed themselves more positively than Japanese students in general, but less positively than their classmates in particular).
Recurrence and outcome in skull base meningiomas: do they differ from other intracranial meningiomas?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Meningiomas have diverse presentations and the skull base harbors the most difficult of them to operate upon. The objective of this study was to learn whether the recurrence and outcome of these tumors may differ based on their location. DESIGN Consecutive admissions with intracranial meningiomas between 1999 and 2004 were considered according to their location, WHO grade, recurrence, and outcome following treatment. RESULTS There were 83 skull base meningiomas and 86 at other locations. In 22 cases of skull base tumors there was recurrence (26.5%), while 15% (13) of the other group showed recurrence. There was no statistically significant difference in the outcome between the two groups; though skull base lesions had a better outcome based upon a raw count. Only 5.1% of skull base meningiomas in comparison to 10.6% of non-skull base meningiomas had death or significant morbidity. Increasing age was associated with poor outcome (p < 0.001) while recurrence was a function of skull base location (p < 0.03) on logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION Skull base meningiomas can be operated upon with good outcome, which is comparable to the convexity meningiomas. Except for the increasing age, skull base location does not contribute to increased mortality or morbidity.