Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Algorithms for Parallel Sparse Matrix Distributions

Combinatorial algorithms have long played a crucial enabling role in parallel computing. An important problem in sparse matrix computations is how to distribute the sparse matrix and vectors among processors. We review graph, bipartite graph, and hypergraph models for both 1d (row or column) distributions and 2d distributions. A valuable tool is hypergraph partitioning. We present results using the parallel partitioner from the Zoltan toolkit, which is capable of efficiently partitioning very large data sets (matrices). An important problem in parallel scientific computing is how to distribute work (load) among processors. We wish to minimize the communication cost while maintaining approximate load balance. This problem is often modeled as graph (or hypergraph) partitioning, where the vertices are computational tasks and edges represent data dependencies. We focus on a common kernel in many numerical algorithms: multiplication of a sparse matrix by a vector. For example, this operation is often the most computationally expensive part of iterative methods for linear systems and eigensystems. More generally, many data dependencies in scientific computation can be modeled as graphs or hypergraphs, which again can be represented as (usually sparse) matrices. The question is how to distribute the nonzero matrix entries (and the vector elements) among processors. The sparse case is quite complicated and is a rich source of combinatorial problems. This problem has been studied in detail in [1] and in [2, Ch.4]. The most common matrix distribution is a one-dimensional (1d) decomposition of either matrix rows or columns. The communication needed for matrixvector multiplication with a 1d distribution is shown in Figure 1. This structure can be modelled as a graph, a bipartite graph, or a hypergraph, a generalization of a graph. It has been shown [1] that the hypergraph model accurately represents communication volume and is therefore superior to the standard graph model. However, the bipartite graph model can also be used. The bipartite and hypergraph models have another advantage in that they work for nonsymmetric matrices while the graph model assumes symmetry. The communication volume can often be further reduced by using more complex 2d distributions, which again lead to new graph and hypergraph models. In the full paper we will show a new representation of fine-grain 2d matrix distribution using the bipartite graph model. ∗Discrete Algorithms and Math Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA. egboman@sandia.gov
Cerebral microbleeds and neuropsychiatric symptoms in an elderly Asian cohort

Objectives Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are commonly found in patients with cerebral small vessel disease such as white matter hyperintensities and lacunar infarcts. However, the association between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and NPS has not been examined. Hence the present study sought to investigate the relation between CMBs and NPS in an elderly population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of elderly Asians living in the community, who were assessed on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and underwent clinical examinations as well as brain MRI scans. The 12-item neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) was administered to a reliable informant. Total scores for individual symptoms and for NPI global performance were calculated and compared across three groups: no CMB, presence of 1 CMB and presence of multiple CMBs, controlling for demographics, vascular risk factors and other MRI markers. Results A total of 802 participants were included in the analysis. Participants with multiple CMBs had higher NPI total score compared to those with no CMB (1.06 vs 2.66, p=0.03). On individual symptom scores, higher score on depression (0.16 vs 0.53, p=0.02) and disinhibition (0.01 vs 0.14, p=0.04) was found in those elderly with multiple CMBs, independent of demographic and vascular risk factors, history of stroke, and other small vessel and large vessel disease markers. Conclusions The presence of multiple CMBs is associated with high global neuropsychiatric disorder burden, in particular symptoms of depression and disinhibition. Future studies are recommended to investigate the importance of CMBs in the pathogenesis and longitudinal progression of neuropsychiatric disorders in the general elderly population.
Prototyping of automotive control systems in a time-triggered environment using flexray

Highly sophisticated control systems are a driving force for innovation in automotive electronics. However, the integration of these systems within current and future vehicle projects is facing a complexity problem. Established methods of realizing such control systems need to be revised. A promising approach to address these problems is to use deterministic time-triggered technologies within automotive electronic systems. In this paper we will describe how rapid prototyping of automotive control systems can be realized within a real-time and time-triggered environment
AESTHETIC PERCEPTION OF THE SMILE RELATED TO THE VERTICAL POSITION OF THE LOWER ANTERIOR TEETH BY AFRO-DESCENDENT LAYPEOPLE

Introduction: To evaluate the influence of the vertical position of the lower anterior teeth in the aesthetic perception of the smile of Afro-descendent laypeople from different age groups. Materials and Methods: A standard smile was constructed from intraoral photographs of an afro-descendent individual. The vertical position of the lower anterior teeth was gradually changed by moving the teeth up and down within the lip frame in 0.5 mm increments ranging from -1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, regarding point zero. Using a visual analog scale, 150 Afro-descendent Brazilian lay individuals from three different age groups (15-19, 35-44 and 65-74) rated the attractiveness in relation to 8 smiles with altered gingival exposure. Results: There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between male and female raters for the three groups. All the age groups assigned higher scores for the smiles with 0.5 mm coverage of the lower lip on the lower central incisors. However, for the less attractive smiles, there were differences in the opinions of the age groups (p<0,05). Conclusions: the age groups shared similar preferences regarding the most pleasant smile regarding the vertical positions of the lower anterior teeth.
Cross-listing premium or market timing

Cross listing literature presented various reasons for why companies cross list among those are liquidity, investor recognition, and lower cost of capital. This paper builds on the literature of cross-listing and shows that some companies cross list during a bull market expansion and others cross list in a bear market. We found that companies who cross list during market expansion, experience significantly negative abnormal returns in the post-listing period. Companies, who cross-list for other reasons and therefore cross list during a bear market, experience either significant positive abnormal returns or insignificant negative abnormal returns in the post-listing period. Home country factors affect the magnitude of abnormal returns in both the pre-listing and the post-listing period regardless of the reason for cross-listing.
The effects of the gender-culture interaction on self-reports of depressive symptoms: cross-cultural study among Egyptians and Canadians

Purpose Research in depression has revealed differences in the way depressed individuals across cultures report their symptoms. This literature also points to possible differences in symptom reporting patterns between men and women. Using data from a larger dataset (Beshai et al. 2016), the current study examined whether non-depressed and depressed Egyptian and Canadian men and women differed in their self-report of the various domains of the Beck Depression Inventory –II (BDI-II). Method We recruited a total of 131 depressed and non-depressed participants from both Egypt (n = 29 depressed; n = 29 non-depressed) and Canada (n = 35 depressed; n = 38 non-depressed). Depression status was ascertained using a structured interview. All participants were asked to complete the BDI-II along with other self-report measures of depression. BDI-II items were divided into two subscales in accordance with Dozois, Dobson & Ahnberg (1998) factor analysis: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative subscales. Results We found a significant three-way interaction effect on the cognitive-affective (F(1,121) = 9.51, p = . 003) and main effect of depression status on somatic-vegetative subscales (F(1,121) = 42.80, p < . 001). Post hoc analyses revealed that depressed Egyptian men reported lower scores on the cognitive-affective subscale of the BDI-II compared to their depressed Canadian male counterparts. Conclusions These results suggest that males across cultures may differentially report cognitive symptoms of depression. These results also suggest that clinicians and clinical scientists need to further examine the interaction effect of culture and gender when investigating self-reported symptoms of depression.
Early Word Learning in Context

The remarkable achievements of early word learning and productive language use take place in the natural social setting of a child’s first years of life. This thesis investigates early word learning in a naturalistic, dense, longitudinal corpus of one child’s development over time, focusing on the contributions of environmental variables and social context. The key idea is that word learning is strongly supported by the social activity structures between child and caregivers. To explore the emergent structures and processes that support early word learning requires naturalistic, longitudinal data. In this thesis, the data consists of hundreds of thousands of hours of audio and video recordings. To work with this data, new methods for large scale speech transcription are developed. A detailed timeline of vocabulary growth is presented and correlated to environmental factors such as caregiver word usage. The proposed new work includes methods for extracting nonlinguistic “activity contexts” and linking these contexts to early word learning. An activity context is a variable that bundles together space, time, language and social participants to describe “what is happening” in daily life, and serves as an approximation to Jerome Bruner’s (1983) idea of a format. Through the lens of activity contexts, questions such as which activities contribute more to word learning and how these activities develop over time can be addressed. By studying language acquisition in context, we hope to better illuminate the link between language, communication and the social world.
Investigating Nonlinearities with Bayesian Networks

Abstract. This study investigates the number of non-linear and multi-modal relationships between observed variables in three real-world professional growth data sets in order to find how much they weaken the robustness of linear statistical methods. Bayesian t heory is discussed and Bayesian dependency models for discrete data is introduced as it is a model family capable of describing non-linearities. Investigation of an empirical dataset (n=762) showed that only 22 percent of all dependencies between variables were purely linear (linear mode, linear mean, unimodal). 16 percent of dependencies were purely non-linear (non-linear mode, non-linear mean, multimodal). The results prove that Bayesian networks capture non-linear dependencies in real-world growthoriented atmosphere data, as 57 percent of pairwise (unconditional) dependencies of the models are vaguely, and 29 percent severely, non-linear. The conclusion is that descriptive power of traditional linear models is at least in this domain insufficient as they are technically unable to analyze non-linear dependencies between variables.
Concepts of Literacy of Thai Foundation English Teachers: A National Study.

This dissertation investigated the concepts of literacy held by Thai teachers of university-level Foundation English courses, the connection between concepts of literacy and EFL literacy instruction, teachers’ literacy-teaching practices, and the challenges these teachers faced in teaching EFL literacy. The relationship between the concepts of literacy and the demographic backgrounds of the teachers (age, gender, highest degree earned, country where the highest degree was earned, institutions where the teacher worked, and professional development) was also addressed. Specifically, the participants in the study were 300 Thai teachers who taught Foundation English courses for undergraduate students. They held teaching positions in 23 universities that ranked among the 50 most-accessible web publication universities across Thailand. Also, case studies were conducted with 20 teachers in two universities (one university chosen from the middle-ranking universities and the other from the low-ranking universities). The instruments used in the study included paper-based surveys, face-to-face interviews, and classroom observations. All quantitative data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18, and qualitative data were analyzed through coding and theming methods. It should be noted that qualitative analysis was performed only for further explaining the quantitative findings. The findings revealed that many participating teachers—with all types of degrees earned, types of institutions, years of teaching experience, and numbers of workshop, seminar, or conference participations—did not have a comprehensive view of literacy. They were found not to be familiar with or aware of the term and the theories of literacy, although in practice they implemented a variety of literacy practices in their Foundation English classes. The challenges and difficulties that the teachers faced in EFL literacy instruction were similar, and they were associated with teacher and student attributes, curriculum design, instructional methods, classroom management, and administrative support. Significantly, school policies and administration were a key problem that caused other unmanageable challenges in EFL literacy instruction, such as large class sizes, mixed ability language classes, insufficient facilities, and less-effective teachers.
Predicting intention to uptake H1N1 influenza vaccine in a university sample.

OBJECTIVE Global pandemic H1N1 was atypical of influenza in that it was associated with high symptom severity among young adults. Higher education institutions were therefore understandably concerned about the potential for high infection rates among students. This study examined intention to uptake H1N1 vaccine between November and December 2009, when the virus was classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being in the pandemic phase. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey design was employed. METHOD Two hundred university students completed a questionnaire battery comprised of health, belief/attitudes, and behavioural intention measures. RESULTS Findings suggested that non-intention to vaccinate is associated with a strong disbelief in its efficacy, in negative attitudes towards vaccinations, and in lack of perceived threat, which is underscored by a disinterest in others' opinions, including authoritative bodies. Findings also suggested that there is resistance to the idea of vaccinations being mandatory. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination intent is in some way linked to a range of attitudes and beliefs. The implication for health practitioners is that behaviour intent may be open to influence where psycho-education can create pro-vaccine attitudes and beliefs.
Cardiovascular risk stratification in familial hypercholesterolaemia

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common autosomal-dominant disorder in most European countries. Patients with FH are characterised by a raised level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a high risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently there is no consensus regarding the clinical utility to predict future coronary events or testing for the presence of subclinical atherosclerotic disease in asymptomatic patients with FH. Family screening of patients with FH as recommended by the UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guideline would result in finding many young individuals with a diagnosis of FH who are clinically asymptomatic. The traditional CHD risk scores, that is, the Framingham score, are insufficient in risk prediction in this group of young individuals. In addition, a better understanding of the genetic aetiology of the FH phenotype and CHD risk in monogenic FH and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia is needed. Non-invasive imaging methods such as carotid intima-media thickness measurement might produce more reliable information in finding high-risk patients with FH. The potential market authorisation of novel therapeutic agents such as PCSK9 monoclonal inhibitors makes it essential to have a better screening programme to prioritise the candidates for treatment with the most severe form of FH and at higher risk of coronary events. The utility of new imaging techniques and new cardiovascular biomarkers remains to be determined in prospective trials.
IMPACT OF WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON GRAPEVINE GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENTS, PLANT AND ARTHROPOD ABUNDANCE, AND CARABID SEED PREDATION IN PASO ROBLES VINEYARD

Impact of weed management practices on grapevine growth, yield components, plant and arthropod abundance, and carabid seed predation in Paso Robles vineyard Paolo Pontep Sanguankeo In the Central Coast of California, USA, wine grape growers are making efforts to identify weed control practices that promote biodiversity in their vineyards while maintaining yields. A field study was conducted in Paso Robles, CA in 2006 and 2007 evaluating the effect on Zinfandel grapevine growth and production, groundcover plant, and ground dwelling arthropod communities of five weed control practices: 1) flumioxazin, 2) simazine, 3) cultivation, 4) cover crop, and 5) untreated control. The herbicide treatments had the lowest weed biomass followed by the cultivation, being approximately 10 and 2 times lower than the weed biomass of either the cover crop or untreated control treatments respectively. However, the differences in grape yield were not as evident. In 2006, a rainy year, the herbicides and cultivation treatments did not differ in grape yield, but the cover crop and untreated control had a reduction of approximately 20% compared with the other treatments. In 2007, a dry year, in comparison to the herbicide treatments, the grape yield reductions of cultivation were around 22%, and of the cover crop and untreated control around 48%. Although the cover crop reduced grape yield, it suppressed weed species considered important such as horseweed, panicle willowherb, scarlet pimpernel, and sowthistle. The cover crop, cultivation and untreated control had 4 to 50 times higher plant density and more than 15 times higher plant diversity compared to the herbicide treatments. The arthropod abundance differed among treatments only in 2007 being higher in the cover crop and untreated control. Also, there was a positive relationship v between plant and arthropod diversity (r 2 = 0.42, P = 0.02 in 2006; r 2 = 0.64, P < 0.001 in 2007). Laboratory seed predation tests of the two most frequently captured carabid beetles, Calathus ruficollis and Tanystoma maculicolle, indicated their preferences for Brassica nigra and Capsella bursa-pastoris, which are considered common weed species in the region. Under field conditions, treatments with higher plant diversity and biomass favoured arthropod seed predation of these weeds, which was 20-40% in the cover crop and untreated control, doubling the predation observed in the herbicide treatments. The cultivation treatment balanced the benefits of promoting diversity while minimizing yield reductions due to weed competition. Our data indicated that the critical period of weed …
An Update on the Management of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain: A Few Comments

Received December 15, 2014. Revised March 6, 2015. Accepted March 11, 2015.Correspondence to: Mohamed Amin GhobadifarZoonoses Research Center, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Motahari Avenue, Jahrom 12345, IranTel: ＋98-936-620-8078, Fax: ＋98-713-635-4094, E-mail: amin_m505@yahoo.com This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Copyright ⓒThe Korean Pain Society, 2015
A note on automorphisms and birational transformations of holomorphic symplectic manifolds

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for an automorphism of the Hilbert scheme of points on a K3 surface (non necessarily algebraic) to be induced by an automorphism of the surface. We prove furthermore that the group of birational transformations of a projective irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifold is finitely generated.
Toward a Theory of Equitable and Efficient Accounting Policy

Inequity in capital markets, defined here as inequality of opportunity or the existence of systematic and significant information asymmetries across investors, leads to adverse private and social consequences: high transaction costs, thin markets, lower liquidity of securities, and in general, decreased gains from trade. Such adverse consequences of inequity can be mitigated by a public policy mandating the disclosure of financial information in order to reduce information asymmetries. The equity-orientation of disclosure regulation advanced here differs markedly from the traditional, moralistic concepts of equity in accounting, which are generally phrased in terms of maintaining fairness, eliminating fraud, and protecting the uninformed investors against exploitation by insiders. In contrast to such vague, anachronistic, and unattractive notions, the equity concept advanced here is state of the art and operational, being linked directly to recent theoretical developments in economics and finance. As such it provides an economically sound justification for disclosure regulation, and furthermore, it offers accounting policymakers an operational "public interest" criterion for disclosure choices and opens up to researchers a rich agenda for evaluating regulation consequences. D ESPITE extensive research effort in recent decades, satisfactory answers to the fundamental questions concerning the operations and social consequences of accounting regulation still elude us. ' Particularly intriguing is the question of "why regulation? " What justifies the strict prescriptions regarding the production and dissemination of corporate financial information in the U.S., and to varying degrees in practically all free-market economies? The absence of a compelling justification is manifested, for example, by repeated arguments that such regulation is redundant, since managers have sufficient incentives to disclose voluntarily financial information, or that the existing regulation is ineffective in achieving socially desired goals (e.g., Ross [19791, Grossman and Hart [1980], Benston [1976 and 1979], and Watts and Zimmerman [1979]). Particularly noteworthy is the fact that accounting regulaI The term "accounting regulation" refers throughout this study to the existing laws, rules, and generally accepted accounting principles concerning the timing, content, and form of periodic (e.g., quarterly and annual) corporate financial reports; other kinds of required filings (e.g., prospectuses and S-8 disclosures); and to the regulations regarding the verification of disclosed information, namely public accounting (audit-