Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Cognitive Reappraisal on Negative Affect, Heart Rate, and Intrusive Memories in Traumatized Refugees

While cognitive reappraisal represents a promising emotion regulation strategy to assist refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in managing responses to trauma reminders, there has been no experimental research investigating its efficacy in reducing intrusions and negative affect in this group. In this study, 76 refugees and asylum-seekers with varying levels of PTSD received instructions in cognitive reappraisal or emotional suppression before viewing emotional images depicting trauma-related scenes. Findings indicated that cognitive reappraisal led to fewer subsequent image-related intrusions in refugees high in PTSD symptoms. Trait suppression moderated the efficacy of cognitive reappraisal such that participants high in PTSD who had low levels of trait suppression reported significantly lower levels of negative affect when using cognitive reappraisal compared to emotional suppression. These findings highlight the potential utility of cognitive reappraisal when assisting individuals with PTSD to manage responses trauma reminders and for informing the treatment of the psychological effects of the refugee experience.
Personal attributes of authors and reviewers, social bias and the outcomes of peer review: a case study

Peer review is the "gold standard" for evaluating journal and conference papers, research proposals, on-going projects and university departments. However, it is widely believed that current systems are expensive, conservative and prone to various forms of bias. One form of bias identified in the literature is “social bias” linked to the personal attributes of authors and reviewers. To quantify the importance of this form of bias in modern peer review, we analyze three datasets providing information on the attributes of authors and reviewers and review outcomes: one from Frontiers - an open access publishing house with a novel interactive review process, and two from Spanish and international computer science conferences, which use traditional peer review. We use a random intercept model in which review outcome is the dependent variable, author and reviewer attributes are the independent variables and bias is defined by the interaction between author and reviewer attributes. We find no evidence of bias in terms of gender, or the language or prestige of author and reviewer institutions in any of the three datasets, but some weak evidence of regional bias in all three. Reviewer gender and the language and prestige of reviewer institutions appear to have little effect on review outcomes, but author gender, and the characteristics of author institutions have moderate to large effects. The methodology used cannot determine whether these are due to objective differences in scientific merit or entrenched biases shared by all reviewers.
Social Science Computer Review Internet Surveys by Direct Mailing : an Innovative Way of Collecting Data Internet Surveys by Direct Mailing an Innovative Way of Collecting Data

This article describes a new method of collecting data by direct mailing via the Internet. Feasibility and capacities were evaluated through a worldwide opinion poll on global future risks of mankind and potential solutions. Within 1 day, a structured questionnaire was sent to 8,859 randomly selected e-mail addresses. One thousand seven hundred and thirteen were remailed properly completed, 90% within 4 days. Most respondents were residents of North America (64%) and Europe (21 %), male (87%), and 30 years old on average. Environmental destruction (52%) was mentioned as the primary problem, followed by violence (45%) and unemployment (45%). Education (71 %) was the most frequently proposed solution to future problems. It is obvious that Internet surveys at this time are not representative of the total population. However, they open new dimensions in the interrogation of experts and opinion leaders, especially considering their efficiency and potential for automation.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM TEACHING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS V SD

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk mengetahui peningkatan keaktifan siswa ketika diterapkan pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dan (2) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas V semester II SD Negeri 3 Penarukan Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng pada tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 setelah penerapan pembelajaran Quantum Teaching. Jenis penelitian ini adalah PTK (penelitian tindakan kelas) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V semester II SD Negeri 3 Penarukan tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng yang berjumlah 37 orang siswa. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode (1) observasi dan (2) tes. Data yang didapatkan dari metode observasi dan tes selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas V semester II SD Negeri 3 Penarukan Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng pada tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Pada siklus I, rata-rata persen keaktifan siswa sebesar 73,2% yang berada pada kategori cukup aktif dan rata-rata persen tingkat hasil belajar sebesar 70,4% yang berada pada kategori sedang. Pada siklus II, rata-rata persen keaktifan siswa sebesar 79% yang berada pada kategori cukup aktif dan rata-rata persen tingkat hasil belajar IPS siswa sebesar 83% yang berada pada kategori tinggi. Kata Kunci : Quantum Teaching, keaktifan, hasil belajar IPS The study aimed at finding out (1) the improvement of the leaners’ active participation when Quantum Teaching was implemented, and (2) the achievement of the learners in learning social science at class V of Elementary School No. 3 Penarukan, Buleleng sub-district during 2015/2016 after the implementation of Quantum Teaching. The study was designed based on a classroom action research conducted in two sucssesive cycles. The subjects of the study consisted of 37 students at class V semester II of Elementary School No. 3 Penarukan, Buleleng sub-district, Buleleng regency. The data were collected by using observation and testing method. The analysis of the data was conducted descriptive quantitatively. The results of the study indicated that the implementation of Quantum Teaching could improve the learners’ active participation and their achievement in learning social science at class V semester II Elementary School No.3 Penarukan, Buleleng sub-district in Buleleng Regency during 2015/2016. During the first cycle the learners’ active participation was about 73.2% in a position of fairly active category, while their achievement was about 70.4% in the position of sufficient category. On the second cyclce the learners’ active participation was about 79% in the position of fairly active, while their achievement in learning social science was about 83% in a position of high category. keyword : Quantum Teaching, active participation, social science achievement
Molecular and ionized gas in the tidal tail in Stephan's Quintet

We have mapped with the IRAM interferometer at Plateau de Bure (PdBI) the 12 CO emission towards intergalactic star forming regions located in the tidal tail stemming from NGC 7319, in the Stephan's Quintet compact group of galaxies. The 13 CO emission of the same region was observed with the IRAM 30m telescope and optical spectroscopy of several Hii regions in the area were obtained with the Calar Alto 3.5m telescope.We recovered with the interferometer about 50% of the 12 CO(1-0) total emission that had been earlier measured with single dish observations (Lisenfeld et al. 2002), indicating that about half of the molecular gas is distributed on spatial scales larger than about 10-15" (corresponding to 4-6 kpc) to which PdBI is not sensitive. We find two main areas of CO emission: (i) an elongated region towards the area known as SQ B where a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy could currently be forming (ii) a barely resolved area at the tip of the optical tidal arm. Both regions follow dust lanes visible on HST images and their CO peak coincides spatially exactly with the maximum of the Hline emission. In SQ B, there is furthermore very good kinematical agreement between the CO, Hand HI components. We conclude from these coincidences that the gaseous matter found in quantities in the area is physically associated to the optical tidal tail and thus that the intergalactic atomic hydrogen there was expelled from NGC 7319. Its origin had previously been much debated. Furthermore, the relatively high oxygen abundances (about solar) estimated from the optical spectra of the Hii regions imply that the gas feeding the star formation originated from the inner regions of the parent galaxy. In SQ B, we derive from different tracers a star formation rate, corrected for dust extinction - which is important in the area - of 0.5 M⊙/yr, i.e. one of the highest values so far measured outside galaxies. The inferred molecular gas consumption time of 0.5 Gyr lies in the range of values found for spiral and starburst galaxies. On the other hand, the ratio of 12 CO/ 13 CO > 25 is much higher than the values found in disks of spiral galaxies. A relatively low opacity for the 12 CO gas is the most likely reason.
Mental Imagery of Speech and Movement Implicates the Dynamics of Internal Forward Models

The classical concept of efference copies in the context of internal forward models has stimulated productive research in cognitive science and neuroscience. There are compelling reasons to argue for such a mechanism, but finding direct evidence in the human brain remains difficult. Here we investigate the dynamics of internal forward models from an unconventional angle: mental imagery, assessed while recording high temporal resolution neuronal activity using magnetoencephalography. We compare two overt and covert tasks; our covert, mental imagery tasks are unconfounded by overt input/output demands - but in turn necessitate the development of appropriate multi-dimensional topographic analyses. Finger tapping (studies 1 and 2) and speech experiments (studies 3-5) provide temporally constrained results that implicate the estimation of an efference copy. We suggest that one internal forward model over parietal cortex subserves the kinesthetic feeling in motor imagery. Secondly, observed auditory neural activity ~170 ms after motor estimation in speech experiments (studies 3-5) demonstrates the anticipated auditory consequences of planned motor commands in a second internal forward model in imagery of speech production. Our results provide neurophysiological evidence from the human brain in favor of internal forward models deploying efference copies in somatosensory and auditory cortex, in finger tapping and speech production tasks, respectively, and also suggest the dynamics and sequential updating structure of internal forward models.
Ten proofs of the generalized second law

Ten attempts to prove the Generalized Second Law of Thermodyanmics (GSL) are described and critiqued. Each proof provides valuable insights which should be useful for constructing future, more complete proofs. Rather than merely summarizing previous research, this review offers new perspectives, and strategies for overcoming limitations of the existing proofs. A long introductory section addresses some choices that must be made in any formulation the GSL: Should one use the Gibbs or the Boltzmann entropy? Should one use the global or the apparent horizon? Is it necessary to assume any entropy bounds? If the area has quantum fluctuations, should the GSL apply to the average area? The definition and implications of the classical, hydrodynamic, semiclassical and full quantum gravity regimes are also discussed. A lack of agreement regarding how to define the ``quasi-stationary'' regime is addressed by distinguishing it from the ``quasi-steady'' regime.
Tension between Traditional and Modern Teaching-Learning Approaches in Ethiopian Primary Schools

Whether a particular education system is of high or low quality can be judged in terms of input, output and process. Until recently, however, much discussion of educational quality is centered on only system inputs in terms of the provision of teachers, teaching materials and other facilities, and on output in terms of students' achievement. However, due to financial constraints, the government has realized that improving the quality of education through improved input is more difficult. Thus, the government chose to improve quality of education by improving the teaching-learning process, which it assumed as cost-effective. This study thus, was aimed at finding out the extent to which the innovative approaches of teaching and learning are employed under the Ethiopian tradition of teaching at primary schools, to identify the factors that affect its implementation, and finally recommend better ways and means for further improvement. By employing a descriptive survey research method, the study found out that although the employment of innovative teaching and learning is emphasized in the policy, currently traditional lecture methods, in which teachers talk and students listen, dominate most classrooms. The common obstacles found are: the Ethiopian tradition of teaching and child upbringing, lack of institutional and learning resources, teachers' lack of expertise, inappropriate curricular materials for active learning and students' lack of prior experience to actively participate in the teaching and learning process.
Stepfamily Break-Up: A Qualitative Analysis of Trajectories and Processes

ABSTRACT Stepfamilies are considered to be less stable than first unions. There has been little research conducted that explains why stepfamilies break up or what the viewpoint of the parents and stepparents is. This qualitative study, which was based on life course theory, analyzed the statements made during an interview of 26 parents and stepparents who separated in the first 5 years of their relationship. The results showed that the underlying elements of the separation could be understood by way of past experiences, models, and values acquired during childhood and in previous conjugal relationships. During the stepfamily period, significant events and differences in the partner’s life stages pushed their trajectory from one of stepfamily creation to separation. An analysis of the mechanisms that were set in motion after these events revealed the processes to be integrated in the prevention of conjugal and family difficulties.
Darwini: Generating realistic large-scale social graphs

Synthetic graph generators facilitate research in graph algorithms and processing systems by providing access to data, for instance, graphs resembling social networks, while circumventing privacy and security concerns. Nevertheless, their practical value lies in their ability to capture important metrics of real graphs, such as degree distribution and clustering properties. Graph generators must also be able to produce such graphs at the scale of real-world industry graphs, that is, hundreds of billions or trillions of edges. In this paper, we propose Darwini, a graph generator that captures a number of core characteristics of real graphs. Importantly, given a source graph, it can reproduce the degree distribution and, unlike existing approaches, the local clustering coefficient and joint-degree distributions. Furthermore, Darwini maintains metrics such node PageRank, eigenvalues and the K-core decomposition of a source graph. Comparing Darwini with state-of-the-art generative models, we show that it can reproduce these characteristics more accurately. Finally, we provide an open source implementation of our approach on the vertex-centric Apache Giraph model that allows us to create synthetic graphs with one trillion edges.
Voice conversion algorithm using phoneme Gaussian mixture model

This paper presents a new voice conversion algorithm which modifies the utterance of a source speaker to sound like speech from a target speaker. Our method uses speech models based on phoneme units of speech, which finds accurate alignments between source and target speaker utterances. Using the alignments, vocal tract and glottal excitation characteristics are mapped across speakers. Objective and subjective tests suggest that convincing voice conversion is achieved while maintaining high speech quality, which is comparable to other frame-based approaches.
Intergroup Discrimination: Ingroup Love or Outgroup Hate?

Intergroup discrimination can be defined broadly as differential treatment of individuals based on social category membership. In many contexts, discrimination takes the form of ingroup bias, whereby members of one's own social categories are evaluated more positively or responded to more favorably than members of other social categories (outgroups). In much of the social psychological literature, discrimination is viewed as the behavioral component of prejudice. In light of this conflation of prejudice and discrimination, it is interesting that ingroup bias is often referred to as ingroup favoritism (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971), whereas prejudice is most often defined as outgroup hostility (see Dixon, Levine, Reicher, & Durrheim, 2012; Greenwald & Pettigrew, 2014). This chapter reviews theory and empirical research on the relationship between ingroup bias and outgroup hostility and argues that it is important to distinguish between these two loci of discrimination and to recognize that much intergroup discrimination takes the form of ingroup favoritism in the absence of outgroup antagonism. Ingroup Bias and Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism was described by Sumner as a universal characteristic of human social groups whereby a differentiation arises between ourselves, the we-group, or in-group, and everybody else, or the others-group, out-groups. The insiders in a we-group are in a relation of peace, order, law, government, and industry, to each other … Ethnocentrism is the technical name for this view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it … Each group nourishes its own pride and vanity, boasts itself superior, exalts its own divinities, and looks with contempt on outsiders. (Sumner, 1906, pp. 12–13) Over the past 50 years of empirical research on intergroup relations, this propensity to privilege ingroupers over outgroupers has been well established, confirming the power of we-they distinctions to produce differential evaluation, liking, and treatment of other persons depending on whether or not they are identified as members of the ingroup category.
Redistributive monetary policy

Liquidity and deflationary spirals self-generate endogenous risk and redistribute wealth. Monetary policy can mitigate these effects and help rebalance wealth after an adverse shock, thereby reducing endogenous risk, stabilizing the economy, and stimulating growth. The redistributive channel differs from the classical Keynesian interest rate channel in models with price stickiness. Central banks assume and redistribute tail risk when purchasing assets or relaxing their collateral requirements. Monetary policy (rules) can be seen as an insurance scheme for an economy beset by financial frictions. As with any insurance, it carries the cost of moral hazard. Redistributive monetary policy should be strictly limited to undoing the redistribution caused by the amplification effects, taking into account moral hazard considerations.
Why Culture is Common, but Cultural Evolution is Rare

If culture is defined as variation acquired and maintained by social learning, then culture is common in nature. However, cumulative cultural evolution resulting in behaviours that no individual could invent on their own is limited to humans, song birds, and perhaps chimpanzees. Circumstantial evidence suggests that cumulative cultural evolution requires the capacity for observational learning. Here, we analyse two models of the evolution of psychological capacities that allow cumulative cultural evolution. Both models suggest that the conditions which allow the evolution of such capacities when rare are much more stringent than the conditions which allow the maintenance of the capacities when common. This result follows from the fact that the assumed benefit of the capacities, cumulatives cultural adaptation, cannot occur when the capacities are rare. These results suggest why such capacities may be rare in nature
An Examination of the Impact of Direct Peer Influence and Social Norms on Youth Participation in Structured Activities and Substance Use

During adolescence many youth spend increasing amounts of time gaining new knowledge and skills outside of their home in environments such as structured afterschool activities. In these settings, youth have meaningful opportunities to explore new interests, develop varied competencies, and seek social support from peers and adults. As youth get older rates of participation in structured activities decline. Given the role that structured activities can play in nurturing positive youth development, gaining a better understanding of how peers may affect youth's choice to participate in structured activities is important. This study used logistic regression to examine the role of peer influence and how the perceptions of close friends (direct peer influence) and other peers (social norms) impact a youth's decision to participate in structured activities as well as use alcohol and marijuana. Additionally, the association between youth participation in structured activities and reported use of alcohol and marijuana was examined. Study results indicated that youth who reported engaging in specific types of structured activities, specifically performing arts and volunteering, reported lower rates of alcohol and marijuana use respectively. Direct peer influence was an important factor in substance use whereby for each additional best friend a youth had that participated in school activities, students were less likely to have used alcohol or marijuana. Findings are interpreted using an ecological systems perspective and demonstrate that gaining a better understanding of the influence that direct peers and social norms exert on youth behavior has important implications for promoting the positive development of youth.
Identification of a novel FBN1 gene mutation in a large Pakistani family with Marfan syndrome

Purpose To describe a novel mutation in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene in a large Pakistani family with autosomal dominant Marfan syndrome (MFS). Methods Blood samples were collected of 11 family members affected with Marfan syndrome, and DNA was isolated by phenol-extraction. The coding exons of FBN1 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. One hundred-thirty controls were screened for a mutation in the FBN1 gene that was identified in this family by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results A novel heterozygous missense mutation c.2368T>A; p.Cys790Ser was observed in exon 19. This mutation substitutes a highly conserved cysteine residue by serine in a calcium binding epidermal growth factor-like domain (cbEGF) of FBN1. This mutation was present in all affected members and absent from unaffected individuals of the family in addition to 130 healthy Pakistani controls. Interestingly all affected family members presented with ectopia lentis, myopia and glaucoma, but lacked the cardinal cardiovascular features of MFS. Conclusions This is a first report of a mutation in FBN1 in MFS patients of Pakistani origin. The identification of a FBN1 mutation in this family confirms the diagnosis of MFS patients and expands the worldwide spectrum of FBN1 mutations.