Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary calcium intake relates to bone mineral density in premenopausal women

Bone density and Ca intake were assessed in fifty-six healthy premenopausal women, aged 21–47 years. Bone density was measured at the spine (lumbar vertebrae 1–4, anterio-posterior view), the non-dominant femur (neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter) and radius (33 % distal and ultradistal) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX-L). The mean values (SD) for bone density (g/cm2) were 1·18 (0·10) at the lumbar spine,0·81(0.10) at the trochanter and for Ca intake 783 (329) mg. Bone density values were close to published normal values for young women and the Ca intakes were close to the recommended levels for the UK. However, there was a wide range especially in dietary Ca intake, and 27% of the group were at or below 500 mg/d. Correlations between Ca intake and bone density were highly significant at all three femoral sites (neck rO·41; Ward's triangle r 0·40, P < 0·01; trochanter r 0·47, P < 0.001), significant at the spine (r 0·27, P < 0.05) but not found at the radius. These correlations were independent of body mass. The low levels of Ca intake found in a substantial proportion of this selected group of young women and their association with low femoral bone density are cause for concern.
Energy Conversion Using New Thermoelectric Generator

During recent years, microelectronics helped to develop complex and varied technologies. It appears that many of these technologies can be applied successfully to realize Seebeck micro generators: photolithography and deposition methods allow to elaborate thin thermoelectric structures at the micro-scale level. Our goal is to scavenge energy by developing a miniature power source for operating electronic components. First Bi and Sb micro-devices on silicon glass substrate have been manufactured with an area of 1cm2 including more than one hundred junctions. Each step of process fabrication has been optimized: photolithography, deposition process, anneals conditions and metallic connections. Different device structures have been realized with different micro-line dimensions. Each devices performance will be reviewed and discussed in function of their design structure.
Direct observation of requests for clinical services in office practice: what do patients want and do they get it?

BACKGROUND Requests can influence the conduct and content of the medical visit. However, little is known about the nature, frequency, and impact of such requests. We performed this study to ascertain the prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of patients' requests for clinical services in ambulatory practice. METHODS This observational study combined patient and physician surveys with audiotaping of 559 visits to 45 physicians in 2 health care systems between January and November 1999. All patients had a new problem or significant health concern. Main outcome measures included prevalence of 8 categories of requests for physician action; odds of patients' requesting tests, referrals, or new prescriptions; odds of physicians' ordering diagnostic tests, making specialty referrals, or writing new prescriptions; patient satisfaction; and physicians' perceptions of the visit. RESULTS The 559 patients made 545 audiocoded requests for physician action; 23% requested at least 1 diagnostic test, specialty referral, or new prescription medication. Requests for diagnostic tests were more common among new patients (P<.001). Requests for any clinical service were more common among patients experiencing greater health-related distress (P<.05) and less common among patients of cardiologists (P<.001). After adjusting for predisposing, need, and contextual factors, referral requests were associated with higher odds of receiving specialty referrals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-10.7) and prescription requests were associated with higher odds of receiving new prescription medications (AOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.3). Physicians reported that visits during which patients requested diagnostic tests were more demanding than visits in which no such requests were made (P =.02). CONCLUSIONS Though more common in primary care than in cardiology, patients' requests for clinical services are both pervasive and influential. The results support placing greater emphasis on understanding and addressing the patient's role in determining health care utilization.
ACE I/D and G2350A Polymorphisms in Pakistani Hypertensive Population of Punjab

Several studies in different populations have shown mixed association of hypertension with ACE I/D and G2350A polymorphisms. To assess the link of these two polymorphisms with hypertension in population of Punjab—most populated province of Pakistan—we carried out this retrospective case control study in a mixed sample of 344 hypertensive and normotensive controls. Genotype of the ACE I/D was determined by nested PCR and G2350A. polymorphism was determined by amplification of a small fragment containing SNP and digesting it with the restriction enzyme. Statistical analysis revealed that I/D polymorphism is not associated with hypertension in the Punjabi population χ2 (df = 2) = 5.611, P ≤ 0.10. Overall, D allele frequency was 0.43 and I allele frequency was 0.57. The G2350A polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with hypertension χ2 (2df, χ2 = 28.4, P ≤ 0.001). The G allele frequency (0.77) in our population was higher than previously reported. A combination of the AA and DD genotype seems to be linked with higher than average blood pressure level both in hypertensive and control groups. Our data suggests that the ACE I/D polymorphism is not associated with hypertension but the G2350A polymorphism is associated with hypertension in the Punjabi population.
Social psychophysiology and emotion : theory and clinical applications

The Theory and Application of Social Psychophysiology Emotion and the Autonomic Nervous System: A Prospectus for Research on Autonomic Specificity Neuroendocrine Measures of Stress A Critique of Laboratory Studies of Emotion with Particular Reference to Psychophysiological Aspects Arousal as a Cause of Emotion The Role of Facial Movement in Emotion Facial Expressions and Emotional Reactions: A Psychobiological Analysis of Human Social Behaviour Menstrual Cycle Changes in Moods and Emotions: Causal and Interpretive Processes in the Construction of Emotions The Psychophysiology of Stress and Personal Coping Styles Clinical Effectiveness of Biofeedback in Reducing Anxiety Interpersonal Psychophysiology and the Study of the Family Antisocial Behaviour and Social Psychophysiology Social Psychophysiology and the Study of Biopsychosocial Models of Schizophrenia Social Psychophysiology as a Paradigm.
Using Graphene Oxide High Near‐Infrared Absorbance for Photothermal Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

A novel strategy to dissociate amyloid aggregation is presented, using localised heat generation from a clinically used amyloid staining dye, thioflavin-S (ThS)-modified graphene oxide (GO) under NIR laser irradiation. Compared to traditional chemotherapies, photothermal therapy shows reduced side effects and improved selectivity and safety.
Survival selection on escape performance and its underlying phenotypic traits: a case of many‐to‐one mapping

Selection often operates not directly on phenotypic traits but on performance which is important as several traits may contribute to a single performance measure (many‐to‐one mapping). Although largely ignored in the context of selection, this asks for studies that link all relevant phenotypes with performance and fitness. In an enclosure experiment, we studied links between phenotypic traits, swimming performance and survival in two Enallagma damselflies. Predatory dragonflies imposed survival selection for increased swimming propensity and speed only in E. annexum; probably E. aspersum was buffered by the former species’ presence. Accordingly, more circular caudal lamellae, structures involved in generating thrust while swimming, were selected for only in E. annexum. Other phenotypic traits that contributed to swimming speed were apparently not under selection, probably because of many‐to‐one mapping (functional redundancy). Our results indicate that not only the phenotypic distributions of syntopic prey organisms but also many‐to‐one mapping should be considered when documenting phenotype–performance–fitness relationships.
Educators' Positive Stress Responses: Eustress and Psychological Capital

This study contributes qualitative support for the Positive Psychology concepts of Psychological Capital and eustress in the field of education. The research questions ask how stressors inherent in public education today may positively influence the meaningmaking teachers engage in. The constructs of Psychological Capital (hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) are explored viewing their relationship to positive meaningmaking for these individuals. The study is based on life history interviews with six teachers identified as being positively oriented in their outlook. The career trajectory of each was discussed, along with identification of successes and challenges in being a public school teacher at this time in history. The data was coded both deductively for the Psychological Capital constructs and inductively for other themes. The themes that arose inductively centered on relationship building and professional growth and change. These two areas serve as the central points of meaning-making for these teachers. The resources of Psychological Capital seem to work to provide a buffer that allows for the positive meaning-making found in the relationships, professional growth and positive orientation towards even difficult change. Work engagement is the outcome evidencing the relationship between the PsyCap resources and the positively oriented meaning-making of the teachers in their work. Work engagement was found to arise from the urgency and savoring of the individuals, most notably from the areas of relationship building and professional growth and change.
Improved measurement of muon antineutrino disappearance in MINOS.

We report an improved measurement of ν(μ) disappearance over a distance of 735 km using the MINOS detectors and the Fermilab Main Injector neutrino beam in a ν(μ)-enhanced configuration. From a total exposure of 2.95×10(20) protons on target, of which 42% have not been previously analyzed, we make the most precise measurement of Δm2=[2.62(-0.28)(+0.31)(stat)±0.09(syst)]×10(-3) eV2 and constrain the ν(μ) mixing angle sin2(2θ)>0.75 (90% C.L.). These values are in agreement with Δm2 and sin2(2θ) measured for ν(μ), removing the tension reported in [P. Adamson et al. (MINOS), Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 021801 (2011). ].
Human Hippocampal Activation during Stance and Locomotion

The hippocampal formation, including the parahippocampal gyrus, is known to be involved in different aspects of navigation and spatial orientation. Recently, bilateral parahippocampal activation during mental imagery of walking and running was demonstrated in fMRI. For the current study the question was whether distinct functional regions within the hippocampal formation could be defined from the analysis of brain activity during imagery of stance and locomotion in healthy, blind, and vestibular‐loss subjects. Using the same experimental paradigm in all groups (fMRI during mental imagery of stance and locomotion after training of actual performance, regions of interest [ROI] analysis), activations were found in the hippocampal formation, predominantly on the right side, in all subjects. In healthy subjects, standing was associated with anterior hippocampal activation; during locomotion widespread activity was found in the right parahippocampal gyrus. Compared to healthy controls, blind subjects showed less activity in the right dorsal parahippocampal region, whereas vestibular‐loss subjects had less activity in the anterior hippocampal formation. The findings show that the hippocampal formation in humans processes visual and vestibular signals in different regions. The data support the assumption that the anterior hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex in the parahippocampal region are input areas for vestibular and somatosensory signals. Posterior parahippocampal and fusiform gyri, which are connected to visual cortical areas, are more important for visually guided locomotion and landmark recognition during navigation. The right‐sided dominance reflects the importance of the right hemisphere for spatial orientation.
7 Nonlinearity and Stochasticity in Population Dynamics

Theoretical studies of population dynamics and ecological interactions tend to focus on asymptotic attractors of mathematical models. Modeling and experimental studies show, however, that even in controlled laboratory conditions the attractors of mathematical models are likely to be insufficient to explain observed temporal patterns in data. Instead, one is more likely to see a collage of many patterns that resemble various dynamics predicted by a deterministic model that arise during randomly occurring temporal episodes. These deterministic “signals” might include patterns characteristic of a model attractor (or several model attractors – even from possibly different deterministic models), transients both near and far from attractors, and/or unstable invariant sets and their stable manifolds. This paper discusses several examples taken from experimental projects in population dynamics that illustrate these and other tenets.
The Development of Autism: A Self-Regulatory Perspective

Preface. 1. History, Definition and Assessment. 2. Autism and its Characteristics. 3. Theories of Autism, with Kathleen J. Kolberg. 4. Toward a Developmental Theory of Autism. 5. Educational and Biomedical Interventions, with Kathleen J. Kolberg. 6. Family Stress and Coping, with Julie Lounds. 7. Recommendations to Parents, Therapists/Educators, Researchers and Social Policy Makers. References. Index.
History of suicidal behaviour in the families of young suicides

The prevalence of attempted or completed suicide was studied in the families of a consecutive sample of young suicide victims aged 15–29 years. In 17 of 42 (40%) of the men and 5 of 16 (31%) of the women suicidal behaviour was found to be present in first‐degree relatives. Male suicide victims with a family history of suicidal behaviour had an earlier debut of their own suicidal behaviour, longer suicidal processes, and had made more previous suicide attempts. Families in which suicidal behaviour was displayed by the victim's parents or siblings also had more frequent early separations between parent and victim and more substance abuse. Taking into account suicide by a friend or second‐degree family member, it was found that 72% of suicide victims had a history of suicidal behaviour in close relationships.
Dietary supplementation with methylseleninic acid, but not selenomethionine, reduces spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with methylseleninic acid (MSeA), in comparison with selenomethionine (SeMet), on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in male C57BL/6 mice using intramuscular and subcutaneous injection models. Mice were fed AIN93G control diet or that diet supplemented with MSeA or SeMet at 2.5 mg selenium/kg for 4 weeks at which time they were injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously with 2.5 × 105 viable LLC cells. Experiments were terminated 2 weeks later for mice injected intramuscularly or 2 weeks after surgical removal of primary tumors from mice subcutaneously injected with cancer cells. Dietary supplementation with MSeA significantly reduced pulmonary metastatic yield when compared with the controls (p < 0.05) in both models; however, SeMet did not have such an effect. Supplementation with MSeA significantly decreased plasma concentrations of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (p < 0.05) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MSeA significantly reduced plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.05), fibroblast growth factor basic (p < 0.05) and platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (p < 0.05) when compared with the controls. Selenomethionine did not affect any of the aforementioned measurements. These results demonstrate that MSeA reduces spontaneous metastasis of LLC in mice, perhaps through inhibition of the urokinase plasminogen activator system and reducing angiogenesis.
Long sperm fertilize more eggs in a bird

Sperm competition, in which the ejaculates of multiple males compete to fertilize a female's ova, results in strong selection on sperm traits. Although sperm size and swimming velocity are known to independently affect fertilization success in certain species, exploring the relationship between sperm length, swimming velocity and fertilization success still remains a challenge. Here, we use the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), where sperm size influences sperm swimming velocity, to determine the effect of sperm total length on fertilization success. Sperm competition experiments, in which pairs of males whose sperm differed only in length and swimming speed, revealed that males producing long sperm were more successful in terms of (i) the number of sperm reaching the ova and (ii) fertilizing those ova. Our results reveal that although sperm length is the main factor determining the outcome of sperm competition, complex interactions between male and female reproductive traits may also be important. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are poorly understood, but we suggest that differences in sperm storage and utilization by females may contribute to the outcome of sperm competition.
Sexual desire discrepancy as a feature, not a bug, of long-term relationships: women's self-reported strategies for modulating sexual desire.

INTRODUCTION Sexual desire discrepancy is commonly reported by couples in long-term romantic relationships. Given the idiosyncratic nature of desire, and the lack of a "one size fits all" model approach to address desire concerns, it is useful to understand more about the range of ways that women and their partners modulate sexual desire. AIM This study aims to assess women's strategies to influence their sexual desire and the self-reported effectiveness of these strategies. METHODS One hundred seventy-nine women who had been in a relationship with a male partner for 5+ years completed an anonymous Internet-based survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants responded to three open-ended items about the strategies they use to address desire issues and how helpful those strategies are. RESULTS The most common responses regarding what participants did to get desire back on track included: communication, trying to meet partner's needs, having sex without desire, and having patience/letting time work out the problem. Women also mentioned several specific strategies they had employed: communication, scheduling sex, lingerie, and a date night. However, a large number of women discussed that the issue was not resolved, and they were dissatisfied with attempted strategies. CONCLUSIONS This research provides valuable insight into the construction of women's sexual desire and the strategies used to navigate sexual desire in long-term relationships.
Pythiosis of the digestive tract in sheep

Cutaneous and rhinofacial infections by Pythium insidiosum have previously been reported in sheep in Brazil. In the current study, a new form of pythiosis involving the alimentary tract of 2 nursing lambs from 2 different farms in the semiarid region of Brazil is described. The first lamb showed food regurgitation, lethargy, and anorexia, and died 5 days after the presentation of clinical signs. The second lamb had no history of gastrointestinal disease before death. Necropsy findings were similar in both lambs. The mucosa of the esophagus, reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum showed ulcerated areas covered by yellowish caseous granular exudate. The lesions were transmural and extended to the serosal surfaces, and adhesions were observed between the serosa of the forestomachs and abomasum to the liver and diaphragm. Histologic lesions consisted of pyogranulomatous necrotizing transmural esophagitis, rumenitis, reticulitis, omasitis, and abomasitis with vascular thrombosis and intralesional hyphae. Pythium insidiosum was confirmed as the etiology by immunohistochemistry and culture. The presence of sheep in the vicinity of water ponds during the hot, dry season when forage is not available in the pastures seems to be the main predisposing factor for the occurrence of pythiosis in sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region.
A Dual-Source Approach for 3D Pose Estimation from a Single Image

One major challenge for 3D pose estimation from a single RGB image is the acquisition of sufficient training data. In particular, collecting large amounts of training data that contain unconstrained images and are annotated with accurate 3D poses is infeasible. We therefore propose to use two independent training sources. The first source consists of images with annotated 2D poses and the second source consists of accurate 3D motion capture data. To integrate both sources, we propose a dual-source approach that combines 2D pose estimation with efficient and robust 3D pose retrieval. In our experiments, we show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art results and is even competitive when the skeleton structure of the two sources differ substantially.
Biological Experimental Observations of an Unnoticed Chaos as Simulated by the Hindmarsh-Rose Model

An unnoticed chaotic firing pattern, lying between period-1 and period-2 firing patterns, has received little attention over the past 20 years since it was first simulated in the Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) model. In the present study, the rat sciatic nerve model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) was used as an experimental neural pacemaker to investigate the transition regularities of spontaneous firing patterns. Chaotic firing lying between period-1 and period-2 firings was observed located in four bifurcation scenarios in different, isolated neural pacemakers. These bifurcation scenarios were induced by decreasing extracellular calcium concentrations. The behaviors after period-2 firing pattern in the four scenarios were period-doubling bifurcation not to chaos, period-doubling bifurcation to chaos, period-adding sequences with chaotic firings, and period-adding sequences with stochastic firings. The deterministic structure of the chaotic firing pattern was identified by the first return map of interspike intervals and a short-term prediction using nonlinear prediction. The experimental observations closely match those simulated in a two-dimensional parameter space using the HR model, providing strong evidences of the existence of chaotic firing lying between period-1 and period-2 firing patterns in the actual nervous system. The results also present relationships in the parameter space between this chaotic firing and other firing patterns, such as the chaotic firings that appear after period-2 firing pattern located within the well-known comb-shaped region, periodic firing patterns and stochastic firing patterns, as predicted by the HR model. We hope that this study can focus attention on and help to further the understanding of the unnoticed chaotic neural firing pattern.