Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speed reductions, inequalities, and transport

Editor,—The interesting paper by Lyons et al revealed that the annual incidence rate of fractures among children aged 0–12 years was two to three times higher in Wales1 than in other western European countries.2, 3 This discrepancy prompted us to briefly report on the epidemiological profile of fractures in the childhood population of Greece and discuss the implications of the observed differences. Our data derive from the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS) database which is run by the Center for Research and Prevention of Injuries among the Young (CEREPRI). 4 All types of childhood injuries treated at the emergency departments of the participating hospitals, which have well circumscribed catchment areas in rural and urban Greece, are routinely recorded in this database. The catchment area includes the Greater Athens area, where about 40% of the country's population resides, Magnesia county in Greece mainland, and Corfu county on the island of Corfu. Our methodology was similar to that followed by Lyons et al thus …
Differential protein expression following low temperature culture of suspension CHOK 1 cells

Background: To ensure maximal productivity of recombinant proteins (rP) during production culture it is typical to encourage an initial phase of rapid cell proliferation to achieve high biomass followed by a stationary phase where cellular energies are directed towards production of rP. During many such biphasic cultures, the initial phase of rapid cell growth at 37°C is followed by a growth arrest phase induced through reduction of the culture temperature. Low temperature induced growth arrest is associated with many positive phenotypes including increased productivity, sustained viability and an extended production phase, although the mechanisms regulating these phenotypes during mild hypothermia are poorly understood. Results: In this study differential protein expression in suspension CHO-K1 cells was investigated following a reduction of the culture temperature from 37°C to 31°C in comparison to standard batch culture maintained at 37°C using 2D-DIGE (Fluorescence 2-D Difference Gel Electrophoresis) and mass spectrometry (MS). There is only limited proteomic analysis of suspension-grown CHO cells describing a direct comparison of temperature shifted versus nontemperature shifted cultures using 2D-DIGE. This investigation has enabled the identification of temperature-dependent as well as temperature-independent proteomic changes. 201 proteins were observed as differentially expressed following temperature shift, of which 118 were up regulated. Of the 53 proteins identified by MALDI-ToF MS, 23 were specifically differentially expressed upon reduction of the culture temperature and were found related to a variety of cellular functions such as regulation of growth (HNRPC), cap-independent translation (EIF4A), apoptosis (importin-α), the cytoskeleton (vimentin) and glycoprotein quality control (alpha glucosidase 2). Conclusion: These results indicate the extent of the temperature response in CHO-K1 cells and suggest a number of key regulatory proteins and pathways that are involved in modulating the response of cells to mild hypothermia. Regulation of these identified proteins and pathways could be useful for future approaches to engineer CHO cells for improved recombinant protein production. Published: 22 April 2008 BMC Biotechnology 2008, 8:42 doi:10.1186/1472-6750-8-42 Received: 11 September 2007 Accepted: 22 April 2008 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1472-6750/8/42 © 2008 Kumar et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Global Identification of a Low-Order Lumped-Parameter Thermal Network for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Monitoring critical temperatures in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) is essential to prevent device failures or excessive motor life-time reduction due to thermal stress. A lumped-parameter thermal network (LPTN) consisting of four nodes is designed to model the most important motor parts, i.e., the stator yoke, stator winding, stator teeth, and the permanent magnets. An empirical approach based on the comprehensive experimental training data and a particle swarm optimization are used to identify the LPTN parameters of a 60-kW automotive traction PMSM. Varying parameters and physically motivated constraints are taken into account to extend the model scope beyond the training data domain. Here, a so-called global identification technique for linear parameter-varying systems is innovatively applied to a thermal motor model for the first time. The model accuracy is cross-validated with independent load profiles, and a maximum estimation error (worst-case) of 8°C regarding all considered motor temperatures is achieved. Also, a comprehensive residual statistical analysis proves suitable estimation results in terms of model robustness and accuracy.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA DAN KETERAMPILAN BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA DAN KETERAMPILAN BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA Oleh: Yunita Widyaning Astiti NIM. 10404244033 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) besarnya pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap motivasi berwirausaha mahasiswa pendidikan ekonomi (2) besarnya pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap keterampilan berwirausaha mahasiswa pendidikan ekonomi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian asosiatif kausal dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Variabel penelitian ini adalah pendidikan kewirausahaan sebagai variabel bebas, motivasi dan keterampilan berwirausaha sebagai variabel terikat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian populasi dengan responden mahasiswa pendidikan ekonomi angkatan 2011 yang berjumlah 88 mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) pendidikan kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi berwirausaha ditunjukkan oleh nilai Fhitung 4,619 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,035 dan R2 0,053. (2) Pendidikan kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keterampilan berwirausaha dengan ditunjukkan oleh nilai FHitung 13,124 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001 dan R2 0,137.
CONCEPT OF THE GRADED RIVER

Grade is a condition of equilibrium in streams as agents of transportation. The validity of the concept has been questioned, but it is indispensable in any genetic study of fluvial erosional features and deposits. This paper modifies and extends the theory of grade originally set forth by Gilbert and Davis. A graded stream is one in which, over a period of years, slope is delicately adjusted to provide, with available discharge and the prevailing channel characteristics, just the velocity required for transportation of all of the load supplied from above. Slope usually decreases in a downvalley direction, but because discharge, channel characteristics, and load do not vary systematically along the stream, the graded profile is not a simple mathematical curve. Corrasive power and bed rock resistance to corrasion determine the slope of the ungraded profile, but have no direct influence on the graded profile. Chiefly because of a difference in rate of downvalley decrease in caliber of load, the aggrading profile differs in form from the graded profile; the aggrading profile is, and the graded profile is not, asymptotic with respect to a horizontal line passing through base level. It is critical in any analysis of stream profiles to recognize the difference in slope-controlling factors in parts of the overall profile that are (1) graded, (2) ungraded, and (3) aggrading. A graded stream responds to a change in conditions in accordance with Le Chatelier9s general law:—“if a stress is brought to bear on a system in equilibrium, a reaction occurs, displacing the equilibrium in a direction that tends to absorb the effect of the stress. ” Readjustment is effected primarily by appropriate modification of slope by upbuilding or downcutting, and only to a minor extent or not at all by concomitant changes in channel characteristics. Paired examples illustrate (1) the almost telegraphic rapidity with which the first phases of the reaction of a graded stream to a number of artificial changes are propagated upvalley and downvalley and, (2) the more or less complete readjustment that is effected over a period of thousands of years to analogous natural changes. The engineer is necessarily concerned chiefly with short-term and quantitative aspects of the reaction of a graded stream to changes in control, while the attention of the geologist is usually focused on the long-term and genetic aspects of the stream9s response to changes. But the basic problems are the same, and a pooling of ideas and data may enable the engineer to improve his long range planning of river control measures and permit the geologist to interpret, in quantitative terms, the deposits of ancient streams.
Collaborative Decision-Making and Presence in Shared Dynamic Virtual Environments

This document reports in brief the findings of a study conducted to observe the relationship between a sense of presence and team training in decision making in dynamic high risk environments. A simple desktop virtual game environment is used to explore the possibility that, in this context, such semi immersive dynamic virtual environment (VE) could be used to achieve a sense of presence sufficient to provide trainees with an experience of the same cognitive value as one in the real world, without the need to construct a full immersive VE with all its associated costs.
The Heat-Inducible Transcription Factor HsfA2 Enhances Anoxia Tolerance in Arabidopsis[W]

Anoxia induces several heat shock proteins, and a mild heat pretreatment can acclimatize Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings to subsequent anoxic treatment. In this study, we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to anoxia, heat, and combined heat + anoxia stress. A significant overlap between the anoxic and the heat responses was observed by whole-genome microarray analysis. Among the transcription factors induced by both heat and anoxia, the heat shock factor A2 (HsfA2), known to be involved in Arabidopsis acclimation to heat and to other abiotic stresses, was strongly induced by anoxia. Heat-dependent acclimation to anoxia is lost in an HsfA2 knockout mutant (hsfa2) as well as in a double mutant for the constitutively expressed HsfA1a/HsfA1b (hsfA1a/1b), indicating that these three heat shock factors cooperate to confer anoxia tolerance. Arabidopsis seedlings that overexpress HsfA2 showed an increased expression of several known targets of this transcription factor and were markedly more tolerant to anoxia as well as to submergence. Anoxia failed to induce HsfA2 target proteins in wild-type seedlings, while overexpression of HsfA2 resulted in the production of HsfA2 targets under anoxia, correlating well with the low anoxia tolerance experiments. These results indicate that there is a considerable overlap between the molecular mechanisms of heat and anoxia tolerance and that HsfA2 is a player in these mechanisms.
Changes in heart rate and slow brain potentials related to motor preparation and stimulus anticipation in a time estimation task.

Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that both the final cardiac deceleration and the late wave of the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) at the end of the foreperiod of a simple reaction time task are composed of a movement-related component and a stimulus-anticipation component. Forty right-handed adult female and male subjects performed a time estimation task. They had to press a button with the index-finger at intervals of 20 to 22 seconds. After the button-press a visual stimulus was presented, which provided Knowledge of Results (KR) about the correctness of the timing. For half the subjects the delay between button-press and stimulus presentation was 2 s, for the other half it was 4 s. Recordings of both the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) were obtained, the latter being derived bilaterally from precentral. postcentral. and parietal sites. As was expected, cardiac deceleration was found both prior to the movement and prior to stimulus presentation in both delays. At the cortical level the movement was preceded by a Readiness Potential (RP). Stimulus presentation was preceded by a cortical negative wave, the Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN), at all positions. Precentrally and postcentrally the Stimulus-Preceding Negativity exhibited a larger right hemisphere preponderance in the 2-s delay than in the 4-s delay.
Social Status and Influence: Evidence from an Artefactual Field Experiment on Local Public Good Provision

I look at the effect of social status on transmission of pro-social behavior. In an artefactual field experiment conducted in northern Colombia I observe contribution to local biodiversity conservation. The design varies whether choice is observable or not and social status of observing/observed individuals. Status is derived from a social ranking exercise identifying formal and moral leaders within the community. I find that leaders have higher valuation of the common good and that their giving is less volatile in the face of exposure to participants contributing lower amounts. Social information on others giving is particularly effective when low status participants are able to observe leaders' choices. I interpret the results as evidence in favor of preference-based altruism and upward social comparison theories. The findings confirm those of laboratory experiments on status in a field setting and with naturally occurring leaders. The study has relevant policy implications in terms of targeting of development programs and questions the commonly held negative view of elites in developing countries.
Size, Time, and Asynchrony Matter: The Species–Area Relationship for Parasites of Freshwater Fishes

Abstract: The tendency to attribute species–area relationships to “island biogeography” effectively bypasses the examination of specific mechanisms that act to structure parasite communities. Positive covariation between fish size and infrapopulation richness should not be examined within the typical extinction-based paradigm, but rather should be addressed from the standpoint of differences in colonization potential among individual hosts. Although most mechanisms producing the aforementioned pattern constitute some variation of passive sampling, the deterministic aspects of the accumulation of parasite individuals by fish hosts makes untenable the suggestion that infracommunities of freshwater fishes are stochastic assemblages. At the component community level, application of extinction-dependent mechanisms might be appropriate, given sufficient time for colonization, but these structuring forces likely act indirectly through their effects on the host community to increase the probability of parasite persistence. At all levels, the passive sampling hypothesis is a relevant null model. The tendency for mechanisms that produce species–area relationships to produce nested subset patterns means that for most systems, the passive sampling hypothesis can be addressed through the application of appropriate null models of nested subset structure.
Support in Parenting: Values and Consensus concerning who to turn to

Recent years have seen an explicit focus on parenting as a designated area of policy intervention. Parents are posed as in need of education and advice from ‘experts’, under conditions of social change. This article counterposes norms concerning who parents should turn to for support that government policies aim to inculcate with those held by parents themselves, drawing on a national representative sample of parents of 8–12 year old children. It uses a ‘consensus baseline’ approach to look at parents' perceptions of social change in parenting support, and whether or not they hold norms concerning whom to turn to and for what sort of help in parenting: practical, emotional, behaviour, health and education. Our results indicate that policy-makers have more work to do if they want to achieve a cultural step-change in norms held by parents about who is best placed to help and advice them. Family, followed by friends, are (still) regarded as the people to turn to for most childrearing issues, with ‘experts’ only providing practical help and advice about long institutionalised areas of children's lives. We also show that norms about parenting support are related to parents' differential social positioning regarding gender, class and ethnicity.
Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Extrastriate Cortex Response to a Categorically Ambiguous Stimulus Primed by Letters and Familiar Geometric Figures

Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested a specific role of the extrastriate cortex in letter string and visual word form processing. However, this region has been shown to be involved in object recognition and its specificity for the processing of linguistic stimuli may be questioned. The authors used an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging design with category priming to record the response elicited by the passive viewing of single letters, geometric figures, and of the categorically ambiguous stimulus “O” that pertains to both sets of familiar symbols. Bilateral activations in the extrastriate cortex were found, with a left predominance particularly pronounced for the ambiguous stimulus. Individual analysis of spatial extent and signal intensity showed a priming × stimulus × hemisphere interaction. When primed by the congruous categoric set, a bilateral decrease in activation was observed for letters and geometric figures. The ambiguous stimulus behaved as a letter for the left hemisphere, with decreased activation when primed by letters, whereas in the right hemisphere, an adaptation effect occurred when primed by geometric figures. These priming effects suggest that, for the ambiguous stimulus, letter processing was systematically involved in the left extrastriate cortex. The current results support the existence of a neural substrate for the abstract category of letters.
MIXING OF QUANTUM WALKS ON GENERALIZED HYPERCUBES

We study continuous-time quantum walks on graphs which generalize the hypercube. The only known family of graphs whose quantum walk instantaneously mixes to uniform is the Hamming graphs with small arities. We show that quantum uniform mixing on the hypercube is robust under the addition of perfect matchings but not much else. Our specific results include: • The graph obtained by augmenting the hypercube with an additive matching x ↦ x ⊕ η is instantaneous uniform mixing whenever |η| is even, but with a slower mixing time. This strictly includes the result of Moore and Russell1 on the hypercube. • The class of Hamming graphs H(n,q) is not uniform mixing if and only if q ≥ 5. This is a tight characterization of quantum uniform mixing on Hamming graphs; previously, only the status of H(n,q) with q < 5 was known. • The bunkbed graph whose adjacency matrix is I ⊗ Qn + X ⊗ Af, where Af is a -circulant matrix defined by a Boolean function f, is not uniform mixing if the Fourier transform of f has support of size smaller than 2n-1. This explains why the hypercube is uniform mixing and why the join of two hypercubes is not. Our work exploits the rich spectral structure of the generalized hypercubes and relies heavily on Fourier analysis of group-circulants.
Adolescent loneliness and social anxiety

This study tested whether cumulative support (i.e., parental, interparental, peer, and teacher) was associated with decreases in youths’ loneliness and social anxiety during early adolescence. The unique associations of support sources and moderating effects of youth gender also were examined. Participants included 416 youth in sixth grade at the beginning of the study (mean age = 11.86, SD = .69; 91% European American). Cumulative support during sixth grade was associated with decreased loneliness and social anxiety across early adolescence, and it was found that the association with decreased social anxiety was stronger for boys than girls. Parental and peer support were uniquely associated with decreased loneliness and social anxiety, respectively. The protection offered by multiple sources of support for developmental tasks across early adolescence is discussed.
Teaching English to speakers of other languages teachers’ views on the relationship between research and practice

This paper reports on a study investigating teachers’ views and beliefs about the relationship between second language (L2) research and practice. Although a gap has been frequently reported between the two, there is little empirical data to show what teachers’ views on this relationship are or how these views and beliefs influence their use of research. A total of 60 teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) teachers in England responded to a questionnaire which sought both qualitative and quantitative data. Results of the data analysis suggest that although their views on research and its usefulness are positive, teachers are mainly sceptical about the practicality and relevance of L2 research. More importantly, they expect research to originate from rather than end in classrooms and maintain that the prime responsibility of bringing research and practice together is to be shared by teacher training programmes and educational policies of the institutions they work in. Our analysis of the data further implies that there are differences between teachers’ epistemological assumptions and the more established notions of research.
Student Writing in Higher Education: Contemporary confusion, traditional concerns

In this paper, we focus on the 'problem' of student writing in higher education. We set out to explore this problem from two perspectives: first, from the perspective of 'non-traditional' student-writers as they attempt to engage in academic writing and, second, from the perspective of a cultural-historical tradition of scientific rationality. A common frame of reference for these perspectives we see as a 'discourse of transparency', whereby language is treated as ideally transparent and autonomous. We illustrate how this discourse of transparency is currently enacted and historically situated. We argue that current academic practices need to be located within a broader historical and epistemological framework both in order to reach a deeper understanding about what's involved in student writing and in order to inform meaningful pedagogies.