Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Relaying: Impacts of Beamwidth and Self-Interference

We study the maximum achievable rate of a two-hop amplified-and-forward (AF) relaying millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system, where two AF relaying schemes, i.e., half-duplex (HD) and full-duplex (FD) are discussed. By considering the two-ray mm-wave channel and the Gaussian-type directional antenna, jointly, the impacts of the beamwidth and the self-interference coefficient on maximum achievable rates are investigated. Results show that, under a sum-power constraint, the rate of FD-AF mm-wave relaying outperforms its HD counterpart only when antennas with narrower beamwidth and smaller self-interference coefficient are applied. However, when the sum-power budget is sufficiently high or the beamwidth of directional antenna is sufficiently small, direct transmission becomes the best strategy, rather than the AF relaying schemes. For both relaying schemes, we show that the rates of both AF relaying schemes scale as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \mathcal {O}(\min \lbrace \theta _{m}^{-1},\theta _{m}^{-2}\rbrace ) $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with respect to beamwidth <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \theta _ {m} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the rate of FD-AF relaying scales as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \mathcal {O}(\mu ^{-({1}/{2})}) $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with respect to self-interference coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Also, we show that ground reflections may significantly affect the performance of mm-wave communications, constructively or destructively. Thus, the impact of ground reflections deserves careful considerations for analyzing or designing future mm-wave wireless networks.
Peripubertal treatment with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid or neonatally with monosodium glutamate accelerates sexual maturation in female rats, an effect reversed by MK-801.

Recent reports from several laboratories have implicated the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate as a component in the neural regulation of sexual maturation. In the rat we have previously proposed that a hypothalamic opioid restraint mechanism may ultimately be overridden by maturation of an excitatory drive, culminating in first ovulation. We have now investigated whether glutamate may be the excitatory factor. Treatment of immature female rats with single, daily injections of two N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists--dextrorphan (18 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg)--beginning on the 27th postnatal day, significantly delayed the timing of vaginal opening (VO). Interestingly, treated rats reached VO in spite of continued antagonist treatment. The antagonist effect was reversed by preinjection of NMDA, suggesting that endogenous glutamate exerts its effect via an NMDA-subtype glutamate receptor. Injection of NMDA alone (15 mg/kg; once daily) produced a striking synchronization of VO such that all treated rats showed VO over a 24-hour period compared to a normal distribution of several days for control rats. In a model of first ovulation, i.e., rats induced to ovulate by pregnant mare serum, MK-801 (1 mg/kg) arrested treated rats at proestrus. This was readily reversible after discontinuing injections. A lower dose of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg/day) was ineffective in delaying ovulation. In a second series of experiments we studied the consequences of a neonatal hypothalamic lesion which destroys glutamate-sensitive neurons. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improving the digitization of shape and color of 3D artworks in a cluttered environment

We propose an approach for improving the digitization of shape and color of 3D artworks in a cluttered environment using 3D laser scanning and flash photography. In order to separate clutter from acquired material, semi-automated methods are employed to generate masks for segment the 2D range maps and the color photographs, removing unwanted 3D and color data prior to 3D integration. Sharp shadows generated by flash acquisition are trivially handled by this masking process, and color deviations introduced by the flash light are corrected at color blending time by taking into account the object geometry. The approach has been applied to, and evaluated on, a large scale acquisition campaign of the Mont'e Prama complex, an extraordinary collection of stone fragments from the Nuragic era, depicting larger-than-life archers, warriors, boxers, as well as small models of prehistoric nuraghe (cone-shaped stone towers). The acquisition campaign has covered 36 statues mounted on metallic supports, acquired at 0.25mm resolution, resulting in over 6200 range scans (over 1.3G valid samples) and 3426 10Mpixel photographs.
Mobility as a Service (MaaS): A D2D-Based Information Centric Network Architecture for Edge-Controlled Content Distribution

It has been envisaged that in future 5G networks user devices will become an integral part by participating in the transmission of mobile content traffic typically through device-to-device (D2D) technologies. In this context, we promote the concept of mobility as a service, where content-aware mobile network edge is equipped with necessary knowledge on device mobility in order to distribute popular mobile content items to interested clients via a small number of helper devices. Toward this end, we present a device-level information centric networking architecture that is able to perform intelligent content distribution operations according to necessary context information on mobile user mobility and content characteristics. Based on such a platform, we further introduce device-level online content caching and offline helper selection algorithms in order to optimize the overall system efficiency. In particular, this paper sheds distinct light on the importance of user mobility data analytics based on which helper selection can lead to overall system optimality. Based on representative user mobility models, we conducted realistic simulation experiments and modeling which have proven the efficiency in terms of both network traffic offloading gains and user-oriented performance improvements. In addition, we show how the framework can be flexibly configured to meet specific delay tolerance constraints according to specific context policies.
TEXTURE EVALUATION BY UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION OF SOME SNACK FOODS

ABSTRACT Three ready-to-eat snacks, viz., deep-fat fried batter drops made from thick chickpea flour batter, extruded corn balls and puffed rice, were subjected to uniaxial compression at four different compression speeds of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mm/s to obtain maximum force, fracture strain, slope of the force–deformation curve (instrumental firmness) and the number of major and minor peaks during compression. The instrumental firmness was dependent on the compression speed and was correlated (r = 0.656, P ≤ 0.001) with sensory firmness values. Fracture strain, maximum force and number of peaks increased with compression speed. The principal component analysis indicated that the low compression speed of 0.1 or 0.01 mm/s would be appropriate for testing crisp snack foods to have a detailed fractural behavior. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The specific application of the present findings lies in the determination of specific well-defined instrumental texture parameters based on fracture characteristics of nonuniform snacks and similar products. The advantage of the proposed method is the ease in conducting experiments that require a texture testing machine to provide the force–deformation characteristics. The method is useful for quality control of snack foods, as well as for researchers who wish to have an in-depth look at the fracture mechanism in combination with microstructural observations. A low compression speed of 0.1 or 0.01 mm/s is desirable to visualize minor, as well as major, fractures.
Hispanic Women's Breast and Cervical Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Screening Behaviors

Purpose. This study examined breast and cervical cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors among different Hispanic populations in the United States. Design. Data were collected from a random digit dial telephone survey of 8903 Hispanic adults from eight U.S. sites. Across sites, the average response rate was 83%. Setting. Data were collected as part of the baseline assessment in a national Hispanic cancer control and prevention intervention study. Subjects. Analysis was restricted to 2239 Hispanic women age 40 and older who were self-identified as either Central American (n = 174), Cuban (n = 279), Mexican American (n = 1550), or Puerto Rican (n = 236). Measures. A bilingual survey instrument was used to solicit information on age, education, income, health insurance coverage, language use, U.S.-born status, knowledge of screening guidelines, attitudes toward cancer, and screening participation. Differences in knowledge and attitudes across Hispanic groups were assessed by either chi-square tests or analysis of variance. Logistic regression models assessed the influence of knowledge and attitudes on screening participation. Results. The level of knowledge of guidelines ranged from 58.3% (Mexican Americans) to 71.8% (Cubans) for mammography, and from 41.1% (Puerto Ricans) to 55.6% (Cubans) for Pap smear among the different Hispanic populations. Attitudes also varied, with Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans having more negative or fatalistic views of cancer than Cuban or Central Americans. Knowledge was significantly related to age, education, income, language preference, and recent screening history. Overall, attitudes were not predictive of mammography and Pap smear behavior. Conclusions. Factors related to mammography and Pap smear screening vary among the different Hispanic populations. Limitations include the cross-sectional nature of the study, self-reported measures of screening, and the limited assessment of attitudes. The data and diversity of Hispanic groups reinforce the position that ethno-regional characteristics should be clarified and addressed in cancer screening promotion efforts. The practical relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and cancer screening are not altogether clear and require further research.
EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONSHIPS ON THE LIQUIDUS SURFACE IN PART OF THE MnO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 SYSTEM*

The minerals found to have a stability range on the liquidus surface in the system MnO-Al2O3-SiO2 are cristobalite and tridymite, SiO2; mullite, 3Al2O3. 2SiO2; corundum, Al2O3; rhodonite, MnO.SiO2; tephroite, 2MnO.SiO2; galaxite, MnO.Al2O3; spessartite, 3MnO.Al2O3. 3SiO2; and a new compound, 2MnO.2Al2O3.5SiO2. The quintuple points and boundary lines found in that part of the MnO.Al2O3. SiO2 system bounded by the systems 3MnO.Al2O3. 3SiO2-SiO2, 3MnO.Al2O3. 3SiO2-Al2O3, and Al2O3-SiO2have been determined. Quintuple points and boundary lines involving the area inclosed by the systems 2MnO . SiO2-3MnO . Al2O3 . 3SiO2, 3MnO . Al2O3 . 3SiO2-SiO2, and 2MnO. -SiO2-SiO2 are indicated. Isotherms and isofracts (lines of equal refractive index) are given for the portion of the system investigated. X-ray data show that crystals of the compound 3MnO.Al2O3. 3SiO2 have the same structure as the garnet mineral spessartite (manganese garnet). The compound 2MnO. 2Al2O3 . 5SiO2, which is shown by X-ray data to have a basic structure similar to cordierite, 2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2, seldom crystallizes from the glass, but a third substance which has a high extinction angle crystallizes readily from the reheated glass. These high extinction angle crystals are replaced by 2MnO . 2Al2O3.5SiO2 when a proper heating cycle is employed, and they are not found again until the product is melted and crystallization is repeated.
A Meta-Analysis of High Resolution Audio Perceptual Evaluation

There is considerable debate over the benefits of recording and rendering high resolution audio, i.e., systems and formats that are capable of rendering beyond CD quality audio. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the ability of test subjects to perceive a difference between high resolution and standard, 16 bit, 44.1 or 48 kHz audio. All 18 published experiments for which sufficient data could be obtained were included, providing a meta-analysis involving over 400 participants in over 12,500 trials. Results showed a small but statistically significant ability of test subjects to discriminate high resolution content, and this effect increased dramatically when test subjects received extensive training. This result was verified by a sensitivity analysis exploring different choices for the chosen studies and different analysis approaches. Potential biases in studies, effect of test methodology, experimental design, and choice of stimuli were also investigated. The overall conclusion is that the perceived fidelity of an audio recording and playback chain can be affected by operating beyond conventional levels.
Attractiveness as a Function of Skin Tone and Facial Features: Evidence from Categorization Studies

ABSTRACT Participants rated the attractiveness and racial typicality of male faces varying in their facial features from Afrocentric to Eurocentric and in skin tone from dark to light in two experiments. Experiment 1 provided evidence that facial features and skin tone have an interactive effect on perceptions of attractiveness and mixed-race faces are perceived as more attractive than single-race faces. Experiment 2 further confirmed that faces with medium levels of skin tone and facial features are perceived as more attractive than faces with extreme levels of these factors. Black phenotypes (combinations of dark skin tone and Afrocentric facial features) were rated as more attractive than White phenotypes (combinations of light skin tone and Eurocentric facial features); ambiguous faces (combinations of Afrocentric and Eurocentric physiognomy) with medium levels of skin tone were rated as the most attractive in Experiment 2. Perceptions of attractiveness were relatively independent of racial categorization in both experiments.
Quantification of Fatty Degeneration Within the Supraspinatus Muscle by Using a 2-Point Dixon Method on 3-T MRI.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to quantify fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus muscle by using a 2-point Dixon technique on 3-T MRI and to evaluate the correlation of muscular atrophy and fat fraction values among different severities of rotator cuff tears across differing ages and sexes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients with shoulder pain (n = 359) were evaluated by shoulder MRI on a 3-T unit, including a 2-point Dixon sequence for quantification of muscle atrophy and fatty degeneration within the supraspinatus muscle. Two board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated the degree of rotator cuff tears in three groups: full-thickness tear (n = 63), partial tear (n = 54), and no tear (n = 242). In quantitative analysis, we measured signal intensity values of in-phase images (SIn) and fat images (SFat) within the supraspinatus muscle, and the fat fraction was calculated as SFat/SIn. The Thomazeau occupation ratio was used as a quantitative index of muscular atrophy. Fat fraction and muscle atrophy were evaluated among these groups. RESULTS Fat fraction values were changed with the degree of rotator cuff tears and were (mean ± SD) 0.258 ± 0.123 among patients with full-thickness tears, 0.166 ± 0.067 among patients with partial tears, and 0.128 ± 0.061 among patients with no tears, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The values were higher in female than in male patients in all groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.348 between age and fat fraction value, and 0.664 between muscular atrophy rate and fat fraction value. CONCLUSION An increase in supraspinatus fatty degeneration was statistically significantly correlated with severity of supraspinatus tears and moderately correlated with muscular atrophy. Fatty degeneration tends to progress more rapidly than muscular atrophy in female patients, with statistically significant sex differences.
High rates of fatigue and sleep disturbances in dystonia

Background: Nonmotor symptoms in dystonia are increasingly recognized to impair the quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of fatigue and sleep disturbances in dystonia and to ascertain their impact on quality of life using standardized questionnaires. Methods: Dystonia patients presenting to a Botulinum toxin clinic were prospectively administered Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) for assessment of fatigue and sleep disturbances. Health-related Quality of life (HRQOL) was determined using MOS SF-36 scale and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory II. Results: Ninety-one patients with dystonia participated (66 women, 25 men, mean age 60 ± 17 years). Nine subjects had generalized dystonia, 18 segmental dystonia and 64 had focal dystonia. Moderate to severe fatigue was present in 43% of the cohort (FSS), excessive daytime somnolence in 27% (ESS) and other sleep disturbances in 26% (PDSS). FSS and MFI scores correlated significantly with HRQOL even when controlled for depression and sleep disturbances. Excessive daytime somnolence and nocturnal sleep disturbances correlated significantly with the HRQOL; however, these effects were not seen for daytime somnolence when controlled for depression. Psychometric testing found adequate reliabilities and convergent validities for both fatigue and sleep scales. Conclusion: Fatigue and sleep disturbances revealed high prevalence rates in this large, first of its dystonia study. They negatively impacted the quality of life even when controlled for comorbid depression.
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology Dclk1 Immunoreactivity in Colorectal Neoplasia

Introduction: Microtubule-associated doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCLK1) is a novel candidate marker for intestinal stem cells. The aim of our study was to assess DCLK1 immunoreactivity in colorectal carcinogenesis and its correlation with prognosis. Methods: DCLK1 immunostaining was performed in colorectal tissue from 71 patients, including 18 adenomatous polyps, 40 primary adenocarcinomas, and 14 metastatic lesions. Each case was evaluated by a combined scoring method based on the intensity of staining (score 0–3) and the percentage of tissue staining positive (score 0–3). Immunoexpression for DCLK1 was considered as positive when the combined score was 2–6 and negative with a score of 0–1. (50%) of distant metastases were positive for DCLK1. In adenomatous polyps and primary cancer there was no association between DCLK1 staining score and tumor pathology. However, after curative colorectal cancer resection, patients whose tumor had a high ($5) combined staining score had increased cancer-specific mortality compared to patients with low (0–4) staining score Conclusion: We found that DCLK1 is frequently expressed in colorectal neoplasia and may be associated with poor prognosis. Further studies are necessary to validate the use of DCLK1 as a prognostic marker.
Outage Analysis and Power Allocation in Uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems

We propose a tractable expression for the outage probability in single-cell uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems serving an arbitrary number of users. The expression is obtained by approximating the inter-user interference using a shifted-gamma distributed random variable. We then formulate and propose an efficient iterative algorithm for the outage-constrained min–max power allocation problem for the NOMA system. To give a rigorous comparison, we solve the outage-constrained min–max power allocation problem for the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) counterpart where both the user power allocation and the radio resource division pattern are optimized. Simulations confirm the accuracy of the derived outage probability expression for the NOMA system. Also, we demonstrate that fairness among users in terms of transmission power can be achieved by NOMA. Moreover, NOMA can bring significant power savings to the users as compared with OMA.
Deletion of Cytoplasmic Double-Stranded RNA Sensors Does Not Uncover Viral Small Interfering RNA Production in Human Cells

The contribution of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in antiviral immunity in vertebrates has been widely debated. It has been proposed that RNAi possesses antiviral activity in mammalian systems but that its antiviral effect is masked by the potent antiviral interferon response in differentiated mammalian cells. In this study, we show that inactivation of the interferon response is not sufficient to uncover antiviral activity of RNAi in human epithelial cells infected with three wild-type positive-sense RNA viruses. ABSTRACT Antiviral immunity in insects and plants is mediated by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in which viral long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by Dicer enzymes. Although this pathway is evolutionarily conserved, its involvement in antiviral defense in mammals is the subject of debate. In vertebrates, recognition of viral RNA induces a sophisticated type I interferon (IFN)-based immune response, and it has been proposed that this response masks or inhibits antiviral RNAi. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed viral small RNA production in differentiated cells deficient in the cytoplasmic RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5. We did not detect 22-nucleotide (nt) viral siRNAs upon infection with three different positive-sense RNA viruses. Our data suggest that the depletion of cytoplasmic RIG-I-like sensors is not sufficient to uncover viral siRNAs in differentiated cells. IMPORTANCE The contribution of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in antiviral immunity in vertebrates has been widely debated. It has been proposed that RNAi possesses antiviral activity in mammalian systems but that its antiviral effect is masked by the potent antiviral interferon response in differentiated mammalian cells. In this study, we show that inactivation of the interferon response is not sufficient to uncover antiviral activity of RNAi in human epithelial cells infected with three wild-type positive-sense RNA viruses.
Patterns of pulmonary metastasis from uterine cancer.

BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is the most common female genital cancer and approximately 90% of the cases are diagnosed while they are still confined to the uterus. However, the frequency and the pattern of pulmonary metastasis (PM) have not been studied systematically. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1962 to 1989, 90 patients wit PM were identified by computerized search of the medical records of the 1,550 (5.8%) patients admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital with the diagnosis of uterine cancer. The median age of the patients was 67 years (range from 42 to 88 years). The histology of the uterine neoplasms included 53 adenocarcinomas (59%), 19 sarcomas (21%), 12 adenosqamous carcinomas (13.5%), 4 adenoacanthomas (4.5%), and 2 clear cell adenocarcinomas (2%). Chest radiographs were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced readers. RESULTS Lung metastases were found at the time of diagnosis of the primary tumor in 20 patients (22%). The usual pattern of PM involved multiple pulmonary nodules in 65 patients (72%); solitary pulmonary nodules were found in 16 (18%), mass lesion in 10 (11%), lymphangitic spread in 3, and pleural effusion in 6 (6.7%). Cavitation and tracheal metastasis were observed in one case each. CONCLUSION Pulmonary metastases represent a common site of extrapelvic spread of disease for the small number of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. The usual type of PM is multiple bilateral nodules.