Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Ratchet Lens: Black Queer Youth, Agency, Hip Hop, and the Black Ratchet Imagination

This article explores the utilization of the theory of a Black ratchet imagination as a methodological perspective to examine the multiple intersections of Black and queer identity constructions within the space of hip hop. In particular, I argue for the need of a methodological lens that recognizes, appreciates, and struggles with the fluidity, imagination, precarity, agency, and knowledge production of Black queer youth who create and consume hip hop. As an example, I apply a Black ratchet imagination methodological perspective to an examination of New Orleans’s bounce culture. I conclude the article by underscoring the need for humanizing, hyper-local, and messy theoretical frameworks that provide further context for research investigating Black queer youth whose identities are informed by the culture of hip hop.
Computer Vision for The Solar Dynamics Observatory

In the fall of 2008 NASA selected a large international consortium to produce a comprehensive system of automated feature recognition for the SDO mission. The SDO data we consider are all AIA images plus surface magnetic field images from HMI. Helioseismology is addressed by another group. We will produce robust and very efficient professionally coded software modules that can keep up with the relentless SDO data stream and detect, trace, and analyze a large number of phenomena, including: flares, sigmoids, filaments, coronal dimmings, polarity inversion lines, sunspots, X-ray bright points, active regions, coronal holes, EIT waves, CME’s, coronal oscillations, and jets. In addition we will track the emergence and evolution of magnetic elements down to the smallest features that are detectable, and we will also provide at least four full disk nonlinear force-free magnetic field extrapolations per day. The detection of CME’s and filaments is accomplished with SoHO/LASCO resp. ground based Hα data. 1 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA email: pmartens@cfa.harvard. edu 2 Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA 3 SIDC-Royal Observatory of Belgium, Avenue Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium 4 Marshall Space Flight Center-NASA, Mail Code:VP 62, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812 5Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA 6Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, 362 EPS, Bozeman, MT 59717-3880, USA 7School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK 8Max-Planck-Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany SOLA: computer-vision09.tex; 19 May 2009; 15:59; p. 1
Age Differences In Responding To Graphically Conveyed Health Risk Information

Patient portals to Electronic Health Records (EHR) have the potential to revolutionize patient-centered care by providing patients ready access to their health information. Unfortunately, portals are underutilized because they are difficult to use, especially by older adults with low health literacy (Czaja et al., 2015). Health literacy, the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions (Ratzan & Parker, 2000), tends to decline with age in part because of age-related declines in processing capacity (e.g., working memory capacity, Barrington & Yoder-Wise, 2006; Chin et al., 2011). EHR patient portals function out of a secure online website that gives patients 24-hour access to personal health information from anywhere with an Internet connection. Ideally, they enable health organizations to enhance patientprovider communication, empower patients, support care between visits, and, most importantly, improve patient outcomes. In reality, limited use of patient portals by vulnerable populations is a critical health care problem. An important barrier to effective use is comprehension of portalbased numeric information, especially by patients with limited health literacy and numeracy abilities. Therefore, an important challenge is to design (numeric) health information in portals to be easier to understand and use. This involves reducing demands on age-vulnerable abilities (e.g., numeracy, processing capacity) and leveraging age-related strengths such as knowledge (e.g., about language and health; Beier & Ackerman, 2005) and affective processing because affective goals (e.g., focusing on positive emotions in order to selfregulate emotion) becomes more important with age (Reed & Carstensen, 2012). According to Fuzzy Trace Theory, understanding and using numeric information involves developing gist-based representations of the meaning of the information (e.g., risk is higher or lower) in addition to verbatim representations of the numbers (Reyna & Brainerd, 1995). Older adults may be adept at gist-based understanding because gist is often grounded in knowledge of the domain (health) and organized in terms of affective distinctions. Unfortunately, portal-based numeric information such as clinical test results is often presented with little context to support gist-based processing (Morrow et al., 2017). In this study, we investigated whether older and younger adults can develop gist-based representations of risk from test result information that is presented in graphically enhanced formats that provide context for gist comprehension. Figure 1. Graphically-Enhanced Message (from Morrow et al., 2017)
Structure and Function of Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrF Illuminates a Class of Antimetabolite Efflux Pumps Graphical Abstract Highlights

The potential of the folic acid biosynthesis pathway as a target for the development of antibiotics has been clinically validated. However, many pathogens have developed resistance to these antibiotics, prompting a reevaluation of potential drug targets within the pathway. The ydaH gene of Alcanivorax borkumensis encodes an integral membrane protein of the AbgT family of transporters for which no structural information was available. Here we report the crystal structure of A. borkumensis YdaH, revealing a dimeric molecule with an architecture distinct from other families of transporters. YdaH is a bowl-shaped dimer with a solvent-filled basin extending from the cytoplasm to halfway across the membrane bilayer. Each subunit of the transporter contains nine transmembrane helices and two hairpins that suggest a plausible pathway for substrate transport. Further analyses also suggest that YdaH could act as an antibiotic efflux pump and mediate bacterial resistance to sulfonamide antimetabolite drugs. Disciplines Biological and Chemical Physics | Medicinal-Pharmaceutical Chemistry | Other Chemistry | Physical Chemistry Comments This article is from Nature Communications 6 (2015): 60, doi:10.1038/ncomms7874. Posted with permission. Rights This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Authors Jani Reddy Bolla, Chih-Chia Su, Jared A. Delmar, Pattathil Radhakrishnan, Nitin Kumar, Tsung-Han Chou, Feng Long, Kanagalaghatta R. Rajashankar, and Edward Yu This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/physastro_pubs/166
A sequence-specific RNA binding complex expressed in murine germ cells contains MSY2 and MSY4.

The protamine mRNAs are stored for up to 8 days as translationally repressed ribonucleoprotein particles during murine spermatogenesis. Translational repression of the protamine 1, Prm1, mRNA is controlled by sequences in its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). In this study we used the yeast three-hybrid system to clone Msy4, which encodes a novel member of the Y box family of nucleic acid binding proteins. MSY4 specifically binds to a site within the 5' most 37 nucleotides in the Prm1 3' UTR. Msy4 is highly expressed in the testis, and the protein is detected in the cytoplasm of germ cells in both the testis and the ovary, where repressed messages are stored. Analysis of a previously described 48/50-kDa binding activity in testis extracts by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and immunoprecipitation indicates the activity is composed of MSY4 and MSY2, another mouse Y box protein. Polysome analysis demonstrates MSY4 is associated with mRNPs, consistent with MSY4 having a role in storing repressed messages.
Inconvenient, but Essential: Impact and Influence of School-Community Involvement on Principals' Work and Workload.

The work of contemporary school principals is intensifying in terms of complexity and volume. Many factors moderate and drive such work intensification. More than ever before, school principals are expected to build relationships with organizations and agencies connected to the student and school community. Using findings generated from a large-scale survey of 1,400 Ontario principals, this paper reports on the influence of opportunities for school–community involvement on the work principals do on a daily basis and details how involvement in such activities influences and impacts their workloads. Survey findings indicate that principals are engaged in an average of 4.4 community involvement opportunities at the school level. Almost two-thirds of principals reported that school–community involvement increases their workload. Four ways in which work intensification influences principals’ ventures in school– community involvement are also identified, including how school–community involvement leaves less time for direct instructional leadership practices.
ATAD2 as a Poor Prognostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection

Purpose Cancer cells frequently express genes that are specifically or preferentially expressed in male germ cells under normal conditions. The ATPase family AAA domain-containing 2 (ATAD2) is one such and works as an important cofactor for MYC-dependent transcription. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ATAD2 has been identified as a candidate driver gene located within the amplified 8q24 locus. However, the prognostic significance of ATAD2 protein expression in HCC remains uncertain. Materials and Methods We investigated ATAD2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue from 182 HCC patients who underwent curative resection. Associations of ATAD2 expression with clinicopathologic variables or prognosis of HCC patients were analyzed. Results ATAD2 expression was observed in 119 (65.4%) of the 182 HCCs and tended to be independent predictor of early recurrence (p=0.059). ATAD2 expression showed an unfavorable influence on recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis among patients with tumor size ≤ 5.0 cm (n=109), patients at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 or A (n=92), and patients with α-fetoprotein ≤ 20 ng/mL (n=61), the ATAD2-positive groups unfavorably influenced RFS (p=0.008, p=0.009, and p=0.013, respectively). In addition, ATAD2 expression was an independent predictor of shorter RFS (p=0.002). ATAD2 expression showed an unfavorable influence on disease-specific survival (p=0.001), but was not an independent predictor of shorter disease-specific survival (p=0.109). Conclusion ATAD2 protein expression may be a potential predictor of RFS in HCC patients after curative resection and ATAD2 may have prognostic value in patients with early stage HCC or normal serum α-fetoprotein level.
Dual Inhibition of Bcr-Abl and Hsp90 by C086 Potently Inhibits the Proliferation of Imatinib-Resistant CML Cells

Purpose: Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as imatinib provide an effective treatment against Bcr-Abl kinase activity in the mature cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), TKIs probably cannot eradicate the leukemia stem cell (LSC) population. Therefore, alternative therapies are required to target both mature CML cells with wild-type (WT) or mutant Bcr-Abl and LSCs. To investigate the effect of C086, a derivative of curcumin, on imatinib-resistant cells, we explored its underlying mechanisms of Bcr-Abl kinase and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) function inhibition. Experimental Design: Biochemical assays were used to test ABL kinase activity; fluorescence measurements using recombinant NHsp90, Hsp90 ATPase assay, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were applied to examine Hsp90 function. Colony-forming unit, long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC), and flow cytometry were used to test CML progenitor and stem cells. Results: Biochemical assays with purified recombinant Abl kinase confirmed that C086 can directly inhibit the kinase activity of Abl, including WT and the Q252H, Y253F, and T315I mutations. Furthermore, we identified C086 as a novel Hsp90 inhibitor with the capacity to disrupt the Hsp90 chaperone function in CML cells. Consequently, it inhibited the growth of both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells. Interestingly, C086 has the capacity to inhibit LTC-ICs and to induce apoptosis in both CD34+CD38+ and CD34+CD38− cells in vitro. Moreover, C086 could decrease the number of CD45+, CD45+CD34+CD38+, and CD45+CD34+CD38− cells in CML NOD-SCID mice. Conclusions: Dual suppression of Abl kinase activity and Hsp90 chaperone function by C086 provides a new therapeutic strategy for treating Bcr-Abl–induced leukemia resistant to TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 833–43. ©2014 AACR.
Long-term record of nss-sulfate and nitrate in aerosols on Midway Island

[1] Increasing anthropogenic emissions from Asia, especially from regions undergoing rapid industrial development, have raised interest in the outflow of chemically and radiatively important gases and aerosols. Previous studies have shown that high concentrations of Asian pollution spread over a broad region of the North Pacific every spring. Here we report on studies of aerosol concentrations at Midway Island (28°13′N, 177°22′W) in the central North Pacific over the period 1981–2000. Using a relatively simple procedure we estimate the natural and anthropogenic fractions of sulfate and nitrate aerosol and show that the estimated anthropogenic component almost doubled from 1981 to the mid-1990s. This increase closely parallels estimates of increased emissions of SO2 from China. However, measurements in the late 1990s suggest that sulfate and nitrate concentrations have stabilized and perhaps decreased. Thus over the longer term pollution emissions from Asia and concentrations over the North Pacific may be less than earlier projections, a factor which has implications for the assessment of future climate trends.
The Curse of Planning

A number of accounts of human and animal behavior posit the operation of parallel and competing valuation systems in the control of choice behavior. In these accounts, a flexible but computationally expensive model-based reinforcement-learning system has been contrasted with a less flexible but more efficient model-free reinforcement-learning system. The factors governing which system controls behavior—and under what circumstances—are still unclear. Following the hypothesis that model-based reinforcement learning requires cognitive resources, we demonstrated that having human decision makers perform a demanding secondary task engenders increased reliance on a model-free reinforcement-learning strategy. Further, we showed that, across trials, people negotiate the trade-off between the two systems dynamically as a function of concurrent executive-function demands, and people’s choice latencies reflect the computational expenses of the strategy they employ. These results demonstrate that competition between multiple learning systems can be controlled on a trial-by-trial basis by modulating the availability of cognitive resources.
Critical temperature for quenching of pair correlations

The level density at low spin in the 161,162-Dy and 171,172-Yb nuclei has been extracted from primary gamma rays. The nuclear heat capacity is deduced within the framework of the canonical ensemble. The heat capacity exhibits an S-formed shape as a function of temperature, which is interpreted as a fingerprint of the phase transition from a strongly correlated to an uncorrelated phase. The critical temperature for the quenching of pair correlations is found at Tc=0.50(4) MeV.
Teachers' Experiences of Induction: A Narrative Retrospective Inquiry

It is well established that beginning teachers need support to bridge the gap from college teacher preparation to the classroom setting (Fletcher & Strong, 2009; Wong, 2003). In fact, lack of support in this transition has been identified as a leading factor that causes beginning teachers to leave the profession at high rates early in their careers (Andrews, Gilbert & Martin, 2006). Research suggests that coaching is an effective way to support beginning teacher’s learning (Ingersoll & Strong, 2011). The purpose of this qualitative research is to tell the lived experiences of nine teachers who took part of in a statewide induction coaching program. Using narrative inquiry methodology with semi-structured interviews, the study sought to gain the individual stories of past beginning teachers who worked with an induction coach, identify common themes across beginning teachers’ narratives, and to understand what their retrospective stories tell us about working with their induction coach. Four main implications of the findings include the needs of beginning teachers in the field, phases of coaching in reaction to the needs of beginning teachers, qualities of an induction coach, and the need for coaches to mediate the identities of the beginning teacher.
The role of parietal cortex in overimitation: a study with fNIRS

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown right parietal activation in response to observing irrational actions. Behavioral studies show that people sometimes imitate irrational actions, a phenomenon called overimitation. However, limitations on movement in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) mean that the neural basis of overimitation has not been studied. To address this, our study employed a less restrictive neuroimaging technique, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Measurements were taken while participants observed either rational or irrational movements before performing movements on a computerized puzzle task. Observing irrational actions produced greater activation in right anterior inferior parietal lobule (aIPL), replicating results from the fMRI literature. This is a proof of principle that fNIRS can be used as an alternative to fMRI in social cognition experiments, and that parietal cortex has a core role in responding to irrational actions.
Avoidant and defensive: Adult attachment and quality of apologies

After committing an offense, transgressors face an important decision regarding how to respond to the people they hurt. Do they make themselves emotionally vulnerable by offering high-quality, comprehensive apologies? Or do they seek to protect themselves with defensive strategies, such as justifications and excuses? In two studies, we examined the link between attachment styles and apology quality. We hypothesized that because people high in attachment avoidance are uncomfortable with emotional vulnerability and tend to defensively disengage from the emotional aspects of relationships, they would offer less comprehensive and more defensive apologies. In Study 1, participants imagined hurting a friend and then rated their likelihood of using each of eight apology elements and five defensive strategies. In Study 2, participants wrote a real e-mail to a person they had hurt. Our prediction was supported in both studies, suggesting that attachment avoidance plays an important role in how transgressors manage their offenses.
The persistence of Salmonella following desiccation under feed processing environmental conditions: a subject of relevance

Although Salmonella persistence has been predominantly linked to biofilm formation, the physiological state of Salmonella should also be considered as a possible pathway for persistence and survival in the feed industry. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the extent of viability of Salmonella cells through long‐term desiccation periods under conditions typically found in feed processing environments, and whether these same cells could resuscitate and cause salmonellosis in vivo. We showed that upon desiccation, Salmonella Agona, a representative feed industry isolate and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, a laboratory strain, were induced into a nonculturable state at 35 and 85% relative humidity conditions, at defined temperatures of 30 and 12°C, respectively. Although the reduction in culturable cells was more than 6 log10, metabolic activity was found in more than 1% of the population. Desiccation‐induced nonculturable Salm. Typhimurium could not be revived and were nonvirulent in a mouse model following infection through oral gavage. These results suggest that the specific conditions for reviving nonculturable Salmonella after long periods of desiccation are yet to be fully identified. The need for mapping key factors involved in the persistence of Salmonella would help better detect it and improve feed safety measures.
History-Dependent Automata

In this paper we present history-dependent automata (HD-automata in brief). They are an extension of ordinary automata that overcomes their limitations in dealing with history-dependent formalisms. In a history-dependent formalism the actions that a system can perform carry information generated in the past history of the system. The most interesting example is pi-calculus: channel names can be created by some actions and they can then be referenced by successive actions. Other examples are CCS with localities and the history-preserving semantics of Petri nets. Ordinary automata are an unsatisfactory operational model for these formalisms: infinite automata are obtained for all the systems with infinite computations, even for very simple ones; moreover, the ordinary definition of bisimulation does not apply in these cases, thus preventing the reusage of standard theories and algorithms. In this paper we show that HD-automata are an adequate model for the history-dependent formalisms. We present translations of pi-calculus, CCS with localities and Petri nets into HD-automata; and we show that finite HD-automata are obtained for significant classes of systems with infinite computations. We also define HD-bisimulation, both in a set-theoretical way (that is suitable for automatic verification in the case of finite HD-automata) and in a categorical way (by exploiting open maps). HD-bisimulation captures the classical definitions of bisimulation on the considered history dependent formalisms.
A reliable node-disjoint multipath routing with low overhead in wireless ad hoc networks

Wireless ad hoc networks are characterized by the use of wireless links with limited bandwidth, dynamically varying network topology and multi-hop connectivity. AODV and DSR are the two most widely studied on-demand ad hoc routing protocols. Previous work has shown some limitations of the two protocols: whenever there is a link break on the active route, each of the two routing protocols has to invoke a route discovery process. This leads to increase in both delay and control overhead as well as decrease in packet delivery ratio. To alleviate these problems, we modify and extend AODV to include the path accumulation feature of DSR in route request/reply packets so that much lower route overhead is employed to discover multiple node-disjoint routing paths. The extended AODV is called Reliable Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol (NDMR), which has two novel aspects compared to the other on-demand multipath protocols: it reduces routing overhead dramatically and achieves multiple node-disjoint routing paths. Simulation results show that performance of NDMR is much better than that of AODV and DSR.