Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impediments to clinical diagnosis and management of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Ilorin, Nigeria

Background: To report the impediments to the diagnosis and management of children with JuvenileOnset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis as seen in a teaching hospital in West Africa. Methods: Retrospectively analysed study of participants requiring surgical intervention for histologically confirmed juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis managed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin over a 10-year period (2002-2011) using prospectively collated database. Results: Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis constituted 8.8% of 307 laryngeal pathologies seen during the study period. 18 (66.7%) were males and 9 (33.3%) females with a sex ratio (M:F) of 2:1. Age ranged from 1 year 4 months to 12 years with a mean age of 6.1 years (SD = 2.78), with the 6 - 10 age group constituting the largest categories in 51.9% of patients seen. Patients from low socioeconomic class constituted slightly over half of the patients studied (51.9%). 55.5% of the patients presented late (>13 months). All patients presented with hoarseness, stridor and difficulty in breathing. Misdiagnosis made by the referring clinician included Asthma, Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis, Foreign body aspiration and Laryngomalacia. Involvement of the glottis occurred in 70.4% of cases seen, while bilateral involvement was present in 91.3% of cases operated. Recurrence was seen in 63.0% of the patients and the best attendance at follow-up clinic was during the first three months post surgical extirpation. Emergency tracheostomy was done to relieve airway obstruction in 17 (63.0%) patients. Conclusion: Impediments to diagnosis and management of JORRP are multifactorial. Misdiagnosis, late presentation and poor follow-up clinic attendance of patients with JORRP is still a common occurrence among the physicians. Recommendations on how to improve management and outcome of JORRP were made.
Comprehensive Annotation of the Parastagonospora nodorum Reference Genome Using Next-Generation Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteogenomics

Parastagonospora nodorum, the causal agent of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), is an economically important pathogen of wheat (Triticum spp.), and a model for the study of necrotrophic pathology and genome evolution. The reference P. nodorum strain SN15 was the first Dothideomycete with a published genome sequence, and has been used as the basis for comparison within and between species. Here we present an updated reference genome assembly with corrections of SNP and indel errors in the underlying genome assembly from deep resequencing data as well as extensive manual annotation of gene models using transcriptomic and proteomic sources of evidence (https://github.com/robsyme/Parastagonospora_nodorum_SN15). The updated assembly and annotation includes 8,366 genes with modified protein sequence and 866 new genes. This study shows the benefits of using a wide variety of experimental methods allied to expert curation to generate a reliable set of gene models.
Links of perceived economic deprivation to adolescents’ well-being six years later

This study investigates long-lasting effects of perceived economic deprivation for adolescents’ and young adults’ well-being across a six-year time period. Furthermore, it is tested whether such effects differ for boys and girls, whether they can be traced back to earlier strain in wellbeing when deprivation was encountered, and whether maternal negativity mediates such reduced well-being. Data come from 358 adolescents who were interviewed with their mothers in 1996 and followed up until 2002. In 1996, economic deprivation was assessed as economic pressure experienced in the household economy (maternal report) and as adolescent-perceived financial hardship. Somatic complaints, selfesteem, and depressiveness were used as indicators of well-being in 1996 and 2002. Negative maternal communication was reported by adolescents in 1996. Findings from multiple regression analyses suggest weak but significant negative effects of earlier deprivation on later well-being, over and above effects of parental education and family structure. These effects were more pronounced for girls than for boys. Impaired wellbeing in 1996 explained much, but not all of the long-term effects of economic deprivation. Maternal negativity proved to be a stronger mediator for girls’ reactions to economic stress. Overall the data suggest that economic deprivation in adolescence is a significant risk factor with long-term negative consequences particularly for girls. Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie werden langanhaltende Effekte wahrgenommener okonomischer Deprivation auf das Wohlbefinden von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen uber einen Zeitraum von sechs Jahren untersucht. Daruber hinaus wurde gepruft, ob es bei diesen Effekten Unterschiede zwischen Madchen und Jungen gibt, ob die Effekte auf fruhere Belastungen im Wohlbefinden zum Zeitpunkt der okonomischen Deprivation zuruckverfolgt werden konnen und ob mutterliche Negativitat zu einem solchen verringerten Wohlbefinden beitragt. Die Stichprobe besteht aus 358 Jugendlichen, die 1996 zusammen mit ihren Muttern interviewt und 2002 erneut befragt wurden. Im Jahre 1996 wurde okonomische Deprivation als wirtschaftlicher Druck auf die Finanzlage des Haushalts (Einschatzung der Mutter) und als von den Jugendlichen wahrgenommene finanzielle Notlage erhoben. Somatische Beschwerden, das Selbstwertgefuhl und Niedergeschlagenheit wurden in den Jahren 1996 und 2002 als Indikatoren fur das Wohlbefinden verwendet. Im Jahre 1996 gaben die Jugendlichen zudem Auskunft uber negative Kommunikationsweisen der Mutter. Die Ergebnisse der multiplen Regressionsanalysen legen nahe, dass es schwache, aber signifikante negative Effekte vorausgegangener okonomischer Deprivation auf das Wohlbefinden gibt, zusatzlich zu den Effekten des Bildungsniveaus der Eltern und der Familienformen. Diese Effekte waren bei Madchen starker ausgepragt als bei Jungen. Ein eingeschranktes Wohlbefinden im Jahre 1996 trug nicht vollstandig 108 S. Walper: Links of perceived economic deprivation to adolescents’ well-being six years later
Human Leukocyte Antigens and Cellular Immune Responses to Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed

ABSTRACT Interindividual variations in vaccine-induced immune responses are in part due to host genetic polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and other gene families. This study examined associations between HLA genotypes, haplotypes, and homozygosity and protective antigen (PA)-specific cellular immune responses in healthy subjects following immunization with Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA). While limited associations were observed between individual HLA alleles or haplotypes and variable lymphocyte proliferative (LP) responses to AVA, analyses of homozygosity supported the hypothesis of a “heterozygote advantage. ” Individuals who were homozygous for any HLA locus demonstrated significantly lower PA-specific LP than subjects who were heterozygous at all eight loci (median stimulation indices [SI], 1.84 versus 2.95, P = 0.009). Similarly, we found that class I (HLA-A) and class II (HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1) homozygosity was significantly associated with an overall decrease in LP compared with heterozygosity at those three loci. Specifically, individuals who were homozygous at these loci had significantly lower PA-specific LP than subjects heterozygous for HLA-A (median SI, 1.48 versus 2.13, P = 0.005), HLA-DQA1 (median SI, 1.75 versus 2.11, P = 0.007), and HLA-DQB1 (median SI, 1.48 versus 2.13, P = 0.002) loci, respectively. Finally, homozygosity at an increasing number (≥4) of HLA loci was significantly correlated with a reduction in LP response (P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. Additional studies are needed to reproduce these findings and determine whether HLA-heterozygous individuals generate stronger cellular immune response to other virulence factors (Bacillus anthracis LF and EF) than HLA-homozygous subjects.
Play, Development and Early Education

Most chapters begin with "Introduction" and "Focus Questions" and conclude with "Summary" and "Projects/Assignments. " I. THE IMPORTANCE OF PLAY. 1. Beliefs About Play. History and Images of Children and Play. Multiple Perspectives on Play. Defining Play. Current Issues and Trends. 2. Theories of Play. Classical Theories Modern Theories Postmodern Theories Implications for Teachers II. PLAY AND DEVELOPMENT. 3. Play, Development, and Assessment: Birth to Eight Years. Play Development: An Overview. Development of Motor Play. Development of Object Play. Development of Symbolic Play. Development of Social Play. Play Development from Six to Eight. Play Assessment. 4. Diversity and Individual Differences in Play. Gender Differences. Physical Play. Personality and Play. Race and Ethnicity. 5. Play's Role in Development. Play and Development: Basic Observations. Brain Development and Play. Cultural Learning and Play. Language and Literacy Dimension. Feature: School Readiness: Educational Value of Play. Social Dimension. Feature: What good is play? Communicating the value of play to parents. Emotional Dimension. 6. Play Contexts: Physical Environment, Social Ecology, and Culture. Cultural-Contextual Approaches to Play. Physical Environment and Play. Social Ecology and Play. Play and Culture. Educational Applications. III. PLAY AND EDUCATION. 7. Play's Role in Education. The value of educational play. Types of Educational Play. Barriers to educational play. 8. Enriching Classroom Play: Materials and Curriculum. Relationship between play materials and development. Characteristics of play materials. Types of Play Materials. 9. Enriching Classroom Play: Teaching Strategies and Facilitation Techniques. Providing Adequate Time for Play. Preparatory Experiences. Teacher Involvement in Play. Linking Play with Instruction. 10. Play for Children with Special Needs and Circumstance. Play and Special Education. Play Therapy. Child Life Programs. 11. Popular Culture, Media, and Technology. Popular Culture. Play and the Media. Technology. 12. Outdoor Play. History of Playgrounds. Purpose of outdoor play. Different kinds of playgrounds. Playground design. Age-related playgrounds. Safety. ADA Accessibility. Role of the teacher in the playground. Outdoor play advocacy.
Growing up with Depressed Parents: Social Pathways to Disadvantaged Outcomes in Early Childhood

Theoretical perspectives suggest that depression can have particularly detrimental consequences for the family system, and children of depressed parents may have an increased risk of negative outcomes throughout the life course. In this dissertation, I use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing survey, a longitudinal study of nearly 5,000 new and mostly unmarried parents in 20 U.S. cities, to examine the consequences of parental depression for children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes in early childhood. The findings presented in this dissertation suggest that parental depression is consequential for young children, and that parental depression may have wide-ranging consequences for aspects of the broader family system including maternal parenting behaviors, relationship quality, and social support. This dissertation extends our understanding about the consequences of parental depression in several ways. First, I consider the pathways through which maternal depression matters for children, as little is known about the factors that mediate or moderate this association. Second, I advance our knowledge of child wellbeing by examining the dynamic nature of parental depression, and how children fare when their parents move in and out of depressive episodes. Finally, I use a representative sample of parents and their children, which allows me to pay particular attention to the importance of contextual circumstances in altering the association between depression and children’s outcomes. Understanding the variation inherent in the outcomes of children of depressed parents is particularly important, as impairments in early childhood may place children on trajectories to experience further disadvantage throughout adolescence and adulthood. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Sociology First Advisor Frank Furstenberg Second Advisor Kristen Harknett Third Advisor Jason Schnittker This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/21
Comparison and review of electric machines for integrated starter alternator applications

The integrated starter generator/alternator (ISG or ISA) uses one machine to replace conventional starter and alternator onboard vehicles. Its stop/restart function and vehicle launch assistance etc helps reduce the fuel consumption and emissions and enhance vehicle performance. The ISA machine is required providing high cranking and launch assistant torque at motoring state and supplying constant voltage to charge the battery at wide speed range. Different electric machines are reviewed and compared in selection of the machines for the ISA applications. The design and operation guidelines of the candidate machine are also given in order to meet the ISA system specifications. Useful conclusions benefit to the development of the ISA technology.
Gene expression parallels synaptic excitability and plasticity changes in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid and tau and synapse dysfunction in memory-related neural circuits. Pathological and functional changes in the medial temporal lobe, a region essential for explicit memory encoding, contribute to cognitive decline in AD. Surprisingly, functional imaging studies show increased activity of the hippocampus and associated cortical regions during memory tasks in presymptomatic and early AD stages, whereas brain activity declines as the disease progresses. These findings suggest an emerging scenario where early pathogenic events might increase neuronal excitability leading to enhanced brain activity before clinical manifestations of the disease, a stage that is followed by decreased brain activity as neurodegeneration progresses. The mechanisms linking pathology with synaptic excitability and plasticity changes leading to memory loss in AD remain largely unclear. Recent studies suggest that increased brain activity parallels enhanced expression of genes involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity in preclinical stages, whereas expression of synaptic and activity-dependent genes are reduced by the onset of pathological and cognitive symptoms. Here, we review recent evidences indicating a relationship between transcriptional deregulation of synaptic genes and neuronal activity and memory loss in AD and mouse models. These findings provide the basis for potential clinical applications of memory-related transcriptional programs and their regulatory mechanisms as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to restore brain function in AD and other cognitive disorders.
Validity of Alternative Approaches for the Identification of Learning Disabilities

This article reviews the validity of models based on (a) aptitude—achievement discrepancies, (b) low achievement, (c) intraindividual differences, and (d) response to instruction for the classification and identification of learning disabilities (LD). Models based on aptitude—achievement discrepancies and intraindividual differences showed little evidence of discriminant validity. Low achievement models had stronger discriminant validity but do not adequately assess the most significant component of the LD construct, unexpected underachievement. All three of these status models have limited reliability because of their reliance on a measurement at a single time point. Models that incorporate response to instruction have stronger reliability and validity but cannot represent the sole criterion for LD identification. Hybrid models combining low achievement and response to instruction most clearly capture the LD construct and have the most direct relation to instruction. The assessment of students for LD must reflect a stronger underlying classification that takes into account relations with other developmental disorders as well as the reliability and validity of the underlying classification and resultant identification system.
Emotional Intelligence and Team Roles - Analysis of Interdependencies with Regard to Teamwork Effectiveness

Background. Analysis of the factors determining the teamwork effectiveness is an important area in the science of management. Research aims. The aim of the article is to describe the relationship between the concept of team roles and psychosocial factors, such as the ability to recognize and regulate emotions, which constitute important aspects of emotional intelligence. Method. The paper presents the results of a pilot study (N = 42). Two research instruments were used: team roles scale - Self-Perception Inventory (SPI), and emotional intelligence scale - The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MCSEIT). Key findings. The results of the analysis indicate a significant positive correlation (p <0.05) between the ability to perceive emotions and managing emotions, and roles associated with the maintenance of the group. Analyses of theoretical concepts and research findings refine the relationship between emotional intelligence and team roles with team effectiveness, taking into account the nature of the tasks and the stage of group development. The article introduces the results of Polish version of MSCEIT (N=118), suggesting acceptable internal consistency of this measure.
A neuronal two P domain K+ channel stimulated by arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids

TWIK‐1, TREK‐1 and TASK K+ channels comprise a class of pore‐forming subunits with four membrane‐spanning segments and two P domains. Here we report the cloning of TRAAK, a 398 amino acid protein which is a new member of this mammalian class of K+ channels. Unlike TWIK‐1, TREK‐1 and TASK which are widely distributed in many different mouse tissues, TRAAK is present exclusively in brain, spinal cord and retina. Expression of TRAAK in Xenopus oocytes and COS cells induces instantaneous and non‐inactivating currents that are not gated by voltage. These currents are only partially inhibited by Ba2+ at high concentrations and are insensitive to the other classical K+ channel blockers tetraethylammonium, 4‐aminopyridine and Cs+. A particularly salient feature of TRAAK is that they can be stimulated by arachidonic acid (AA) and other unsaturated fatty acids but not by saturated fatty acids. These channels probably correspond to the functional class of fatty acid‐stimulated K+ currents that recently were identified in native neuronal cells but have not yet been cloned. These TRAAK channels might be essential in normal physiological processes in which AA is known to play an important role, such as synaptic transmission, and also in pathophysiological processes such as brain ischemia. TRAAK channels are stimulated by the neuroprotective drug riluzole.
Single and multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation for persistent corneal epithelial defect with and without stromal thinning and perforation

AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in persistent corneal epithelial defect with or without stromal thinning and corneal perforation. METHODS 28 patients (28 eyes) with persistent corneal epithelial defect unresponsive to medical treatment were given preserved human amniotic membrane transplants. The patients were divided into three groups: group A, persistent corneal epithelial defect 10 eyes; group B, epithelial defect with stromal thinning 13 eyes; and group C, corneal perforation five eyes. AMT was performed using one layer in group A and multilayers in group B and C. The causes of persistent epithelial defect were neurotrophic keratopathy (24 eyes), limbal deficiency (six eyes), exposure keratopathy (four eyes), and Mooren's ulcer (one eye). RESULTS Success was noted in 82.1% (23/28 eyes) in all groups, with 80% (8/10 eyes), 84.6% (11/13 eyes), and 80% (4/5 eyes) in groups A, B, and C respectively, with a mean follow up of 10.9 months (1–30 months). The mean epithelialisation time after AMT was 2.1 weeks. The healing times of groups B and C are also significantly shorter than group A (p=0.017 and 0.018, respectively). Corneal stromal thickness was significantly increased in all cases in groups B and C (p=0.006). Those with corneal perforation in group C were completely healed by multilayer AMT. There was no difference in the epithelialisation time between successful cases treated by a single operation (17 eyes) or repeated operation (six eyes). Vision improved in 18.9% (8/28 eyes) and worsened as a result of cataract formation in 2.3% (1/28 eyes). Failure was noted in 17.9% (5/28 eyes), because of corneal infection (two eyes), neurotrophic keratopathy with and without limbal deficiency (two eyes), and intractable corneal perforation (one eye). No patient developed major immediate postoperative complications or graft rejection. CONCLUSION Amniotic membrane can successfully treat refractory corneal epithelial defect by promoting epithelial healing and thus prevent corneal perforation. It can be used as a treatment for corneal perforation by restoring corneal stromal thickness so that emergency penetrating keratoplasty can be avoided.
BEOL stack-aware routability prediction from placement using data mining techniques

In advanced technology nodes, physical design engineers must estimate whether a standard-cell placement is routable (before invoking the router) in order to maintain acceptable design turnaround time. Modern SoC designs consume multiple compute servers, memory, tool licenses and other resources for several days to complete routing. When the design is unroutable, resources are wasted, which increases the design cost. In this work, we develop machine learning-based models that predict whether a placement solution is routable without conducting trial or early global routing. We also use our models to accurately predict iso-performance Pareto frontiers of utilization, aspect ratio and number of layers in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) stack. Furthermore, using data mining and machine learning techniques, we develop new methodologies to generate training examples given very few placements. We conduct validation experiments in three foundry technologies (28nm FDSOI, 28nm LP and 45nm GS), and demonstrate accuracy ≥ 85.9% in predicting routability of a placement. Our predictions of Pareto frontiers in the three technologies are pessimistic by at most 2% with respect to the maximum achievable utilization for a given design in a given BEOL stack.