Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Warmth Moderates the Link Between Physical Punishment and Child Externalizing Problems: A Parent - Offspring Behavior Genetic Analysis

Objective. We estimate the correlation between interviewer-rated harshness of maternal physical discipline and parent-rated child externalizing problems and test whether it varies as a function of maternal warmth or mother - child genetic similarity. Design. Using a parent - offspring behavior genetic design, we included 297 3- to 8-year-old children in 169 biological and adoptive families. Parents completed ratings of child externalizing problems and their feelings of warmth toward their children. They were interviewed about discipline, and global ratings of maternal warmth following a home visit were made. Results. The correlation between interviewer-rated harshness of discipline and parent-rated child externalizing problems was. 27. However, this correlation was moderated by mothers' and observers' reports of maternal warmth: lower-warmth mothers, r =. 36 to. 40; higher-warmth mothers, r =. 10 to. 19. This pattern held for genetically related and unrelated (i.e., adoptive) mother - child pairs regardless of child age, sex, or age of placement. Conclusion. The link between harsh parenting and child externalizing problems is strongest when the mother - child relationship lacks warmth. This result is consistent whether the mother and child are genetically similar, thus ruling out passive gene - environment correlation as an explanation.
The value of the use of participatory arts activities in residential care settings to enhance the well-being and quality of life of older people: A rapid review of the literature

This rapid review of the literature explores the value of using participatory arts activities in residential care settings to enhance the health and well-being of older people. A rapid review of the literature published between 2000 and 2013 was undertaken and focused on participants aged 65 years and over living in residential care settings participating in arts activities such as music, dance, singing and the visual arts. The research methods used in the studies were varied, and a range of outcome measures were used, making overall synthesis of the studies difficult. Despite the methodological limitations of the studies, there is some suggestion that in the short term participating in arts activities improves mood, engagement and memory. There is some evidence that participating in arts-based activities has a role to play in improving the quality of life of older people living in residential care settings.
Gelatine-embedded electrodes—a novel biocompatible vehicle allowing implantation of highly flexible microelectrodes

Chronic neural interfaces that are both structurally and functionally stable inside the brain over years or decades hold great promise to become an invaluable clinical tool in the near future. A key flaw in the current electrode interfaces is that their recording capabilities deteriorate over time, possibly due to the lack of flexibility, which causes movements in relation to the neural tissue that result in small inflammations and loss of electrode function. We have developed a new neural probe using the stabilizing property of gelatine that allows the implantation of ultra-thin and flexible electrodes into the central nervous system. The microglial and astrocytic reactions evoked by implanted gelatine needles, as well as the wire bundles in combination with gelatine, were investigated using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy up to 12 weeks after implantation. The results indicate that pure gelatine needles were stiff enough to penetrate the brain tissue on their own, and evoked a significantly smaller chronic scar than stab wounds. Moreover, gelatine embedding appeared to reduce the acute reactions caused by the implants and we found no adverse effects of gelatine or gelatine-embedded electrodes. Successful electrophysiological recordings were made from very thin electrodes implanted in this fashion.
Human resource professionals' perceptions of team interviews

This study examines human resource (HR) professionals' perceptions of the outcomes, process dynamics and affect toward team interviews. Results indicate HR professionals with experience conducting team interviews have significantly more positive views than HR professionals without experience. Additionally, African Americans, compared to Caucasians, expressed a significantly more positive view of the process dynamics of team interviews. Results indicate HR professionals were more positive about participating in team interviews as an interviewer than as an interviewee.
Minimal Methylated Substrate and Extended Substrate Range of Escherichia coli AlkB Protein, a 1-Methyladenine-DNA Dioxygenase*

The Escherichia coli AlkB protein, and two human homologs ABH2 and ABH3, directly demethylate 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine in DNA. They couple Fe(II)-dependent oxidative demethylation of these damaged bases to decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate. Here, we have determined the kinetic parameters for AlkB oxidation of 1-methyladenine in poly(dA), short oligodeoxyribonucleotides, nucleotides, and nucleoside triphosphates. Methylated poly(dA) was the preferred AlkB substrate of those tested. The oligonucleotide trimer d(Tp1meApT) and even 5′-phosphorylated 1-me-dAMP were relatively efficiently demethylated, and competed with methylated poly(dA) for AlkB activity. A polynucleotide structure was clearly not essential for AlkB to repair 1-methyladenine effectively, but a nucleotide 5′ phosphate group was required. Consequently, 1-me-dAMP(5′) was identified as the minimal effective AlkB substrate. The nucleoside triphosphate, 1-me-dATP, was inefficiently but actively demethylated by AlkB; a reaction with 1-me-ATP was even slower. E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment could employ 1-me-dATP as a precursor for DNA synthesis in vitro, suggesting that demethylation of alkylated deoxynucleoside triphosphates by AlkB could have biological significance. Although the human enzymes, ABH2 and ABH3, demethylated 1-methyladenine residues in poly(dA), they were inefficient with shorter substrates. Thus, ABH3 had very low activity on the trimer, d(Tp1meApT), whereas no activity was detected with ABH2. AlkB is known to repair methyl and ethyl adducts in DNA; to extend this substrate range, AlkB was shown to reduce the toxic effects of DNA damaging agents that generate hydroxyethyl, propyl, and hydroxypropyl adducts.
Early and Rapid Merging as a Formation Mechanism of Massive Galaxies: Empirical Constraints

We present the results of a series of empirical computations regarding the role of major mergers in forming the stellar masses of modern galaxies based on measured galaxy merger and star formation histories from z ~ 0.5 to 3. We reconstruct the merger history of normal field galaxies from z ~ 3 to z ~ 0 as a function of initial mass using published pair fractions and merger fractions from structural analyses. We calibrate the observed merger timescale and mass ratios for galaxy mergers using self-consistent N-body models of mergers with mass ratios from 1 : 1 to 1 : 5 at various orbital properties and viewing angles. We use these simulations to determine the timescales and mass ratios that produce structures that would be identified as major mergers. Based on these calculations, we argue that a typical massive galaxy at z ~ 3 with M* > 1010 M☉ undergoes 4.4 major mergers at z > 1. We find that by z ~ 1.5 the stellar mass of an average massive galaxy is relatively established, a scenario qualitatively favored in a Λ-dominated universe. We argue that the final masses of these systems increase by as much as a factor of 100, allowing Lyman break galaxies, which tend to have low stellar masses, to become the most massive galaxies in today's universe with M > M*. Induced star formation, however, only accounts for 10%-30% of the stellar mass formed in these galaxies at z < 3. A comparison to semianalytic models of galaxy formation shows that cold dark matter (CDM) models consistently underpredict the merger fraction, and rate of merging, of massive galaxies at high redshift. This suggests that massive galaxy formation occurs through more merging than predicted in CDM models, rather than a rapid early collapse.
Analysis of Best Management Practices Implementation on Water Quality Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool

The formation of hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico can be traced to agricultural watersheds in the Midwestern United States that are artificially drained in order to make the land suitable for agriculture. A number of best management practices (BMPs) have been introduced to improve the water quality in the region but their relative effectivenss of these BMPs in reducing nutrient load has not been properly quantified. In order to determine the BMPs useful for reducing nutrient discharge from a tile drained watershed, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for water flow and nitrate load using experimental data from the Little Vermillion River (LVR) watershed in east-central Illinois. Then, the performance of four common BMPs (reduced tillage, cover crop, filter strip and wetlands) were evaluated. For BMPs, the usage of rye as cover crop performed the best in reducing nitrate discharge from the watershed as a single BMP, with an average annual nitrate load reduction of 54.5%. Combining no tillage and rye cover crops had varying results over the period simulated, but the average nitrate reduction was better than using rye cover crops with conventional tillage, with the average annual nitrate discharge decreased by 60.5% (an improvement of 13% over rye only).
Sixteen- and 24-month-olds' use of mutual exclusivity as a default assumption in second-label learning

The significance of the mutual exclusivity assumption for early word learning has been questioned on 2 accounts: (a) Children learn second labels for objects, which violates the assumption, and (b) evidence documenting use of mutual comes mostly from older children. This article addresses both concerns. Use of mutual exclusivity predicts not that learning second labels is impossible but that it is harder than learning first labels. To test this, very young children were taught novel labels for objects they either could or could not already name
Mycophenolate mofetil is an effective and safe option for the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: results from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES To report the efficacy and tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA) in the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). METHODS Patients in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study treated with at least 3 months of MMF or AZA for SSc-ILD confirmed on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest were identified and their pulmonary function tests (PFTs) retrieved. Individuals with available results for T-1 (12 months prior to treatment commencement), T0 (date of treatment commencement) and at least one subsequent time point were included in the drug efficacy analysis. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare absolute FVC at T1, T0, 12 months (T1), 24 months (T2) and 36 months (T3). Analysis of drug tolerability included all identified patients treated with MMF or AZA. RESULTS 18/22 patients treated with MMF and 29/49 treated with AZA had adequate PFTs for inclusion in the drug efficacy analysis. Median absolute FVC at T1 for MMF treatment was 2.50L, declining to 2.12L at T0 (p=0.02). Following MMF therapy, FVC results were stable at T1 (2.13L, p=0.86), T2 (2.17L, p=0.65) and T3 (2.25L, p=0.78). In the AZA group, a statistically significant decline did not occur prior to treatment, however FVC results remained stable at T1, T2 and T3.Adverse events leading to early discontinuation (<12 months treatment) were less common in the MMF group (4/22 vs. 13/49). Gastrointestinal complications were the main cause of discontinuation in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In patients with SSc-ILD with declining pulmonary function, MMF therapy was associated with stability for up to 36 months. Early adverse events leading to discontinuation occurred less frequently in patients treated with MMF than in AZA treated patients.
Bacteria capture iron from heme by keeping tetrapyrrol skeleton intact

Because heme is a major iron-containing molecule in vertebrates, the ability to use heme-bound iron is a determining factor in successful infection by bacterial pathogens. Until today, all known enzymes performing iron extraction from heme did so through the rupture of the tetrapyrrol skeleton. Here, we identified 2 Escherichia coli paralogs, YfeX and EfeB, without any previously known physiological functions. YfeX and EfeB promote iron extraction from heme preserving the tetrapyrrol ring intact. This novel enzymatic reaction corresponds to the deferrochelation of the heme. YfeX and EfeB are the sole proteins able to provide iron from exogenous heme sources to E. coli. YfeX is located in the cytoplasm. EfeB is periplasmic and enables iron extraction from heme in the periplasm and iron uptake in the absence of any heme permease. YfeX and EfeB are widespread and highly conserved in bacteria. We propose that their physiological function is to retrieve iron from heme.
From Cultural Regeneration to Discursive Governance: Constructing the Flagship of the ‘Museumsquartier Vienna’ as a Plural Symbol of Change

The article presents information on the urban globalization debate which is turning to the question of what to build and how at the local level. Under the pressures of increased economic competitiveness, political decision-makers are looking to cultural flagship architecture to combine competing images of economic regeneration and socio-cultural cohesion within a shared urban symbol of civic pride. The recent importance of city marketing and symbolic regeneration strategies provides analytical insights into the cultural dynamics of urban politics beyond the analysis of political economic interests and structural functions. Allowing for a dynamic, plural and open-ended conceptualization of governance, cultural regeneration is defined as a political process in which normative, aesthetic and emotional motivations are as important as rational interest politics. One possible long-term result and politically desirable outcome of this process might be the emergence of an urban consensus as a basis for collective political action.
Behavior Patterns in Families of Boys with Learning and Behavior Problems

Medical records of 88 boys seen as patients in a private pediatric practice were reviewed. Two sub-populations were studied: 44 boys with central language problems (oral language, reading, writing, and spelling) and 44 boys with central language problems and a diagnosed hyperactive behavior syndrome. A discriminant analysis yielded prediction equations for the two groups, which correctly classified members 78% of the time. Learning problems of later-born children and family members were associated with the first group. The best predictor of membership in the group with language problems and diagnosed hyperactivity was family alcohol problems. To a lesser degree, family hyperactivity was also a predictor for this group. Forty-three percent of the total variability of the discriminant function was attributable to differences between the groups.
Lambert's Problem for Exponential Sinusoids

Low-thrust trajectories are becoming increasingly important in the design of space missions. The technological developments that allowed ion propulsion to become a competitive option for missions such as Smart-1 and Deep Space 1 may be soon available for many other advanced propulsion systems that promise to deliver long duration thrust with high specific impulses and high reliability. Methods used to find the optimal trajectories for spacecraft equipped with low-thrust capabilities, are based on direct and indirect approaches highly dependent on the initial guess solution. These approaches, though successful in the detailed design of trajectories, fail in providing the designers with a tool to efficiently explore a large number of options. With this respect the use of analytical methods able to create solutions to the low-thrust problem, such as that suggested by Markopoulos, could make a difference. In his Ph.D. thesis Petropoulos introduced for the first time a new analytical solution to the problem of low-thrust trajectories. His solution, based on the use of an exponential sinusoid, is based on an inverse dynamical calculation that leads to analytical expressions both for the thrusting history and for the derivative of the polar anomaly, whenever tangential thrust is assumed. His discovery added up to the small list of analytical solutions available for this increasingly important problem. Moreover, his shape based method, inspired many other researchers. Vasile et al. tried to solve the problem of constraint violations at the trajectory boundaries (likely to happen with the exponential sinusoid) by introducing shapes defined by a larger number of parameters and by using an equinoctial element formulation. Their method is able to represent with higher fidelity a generic low-thrust trajectory at the cost of an increased number of free parameters. In the same direction is the work by Patel et al. where an attempt is made to optimise a large class of shapes given in cartesian coordinates. These last approaches constitute a compromise that allow a search through
The Relationship Between Extent of Educative Behavior By Adults and Their Attitudes Toward Continuing Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship be tween the extent of educative behavior by adults and their attitudes toward continuing education. Ninety-eight randomly selected em ployees of the Florida Power Corporation responded to the Leisure Activity Survey which measured educative behavior and to a form of the semantic differential which was designed to measure atti tudes toward continuing education. A positive correlation was found between the level of education of the participants and the extent of their educative behavior at the . 05 level of signifiance. No significant relationship was found between attitudes toward continuing education and extent of educative behavior.
Accuracy motivation attenuates covert priming: The systematic reprocessing of social information.

Three studies tested the hypothesis that assimilation of impressions to primed constructs is a product of relatively superficial processing and is unlikely to occur when behavioral information about a target person is processed systematically. In Study 1, the impressions of accuracy-motivated Ss did not assimilate to covertly primed trait constructs, although the impressions of unmotivated Ss did. Studies 2 and 3 showed that when Ss become accuracy motivated after exposure to target information, both retrieval of that information and opportunity for effeortful processing of it were necessary to eliminate assimilation effects. In addition, accuracy-motivated Ss showed no special attention to primes or awareness of their influence on judgment
Should Penalized Least Squares Regression be Interpreted as Maximum A Posteriori Estimation?

Penalized least squares regression is often used for signal denoising and inverse problems, and is commonly interpreted in a Bayesian framework as a Maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator, the penalty function being the negative logarithm of the prior. For example, the widely used quadratic program (with an <i>l</i><sup>1</sup> penalty) associated to the LASSO/basis pursuit denoising is very often considered as MAP estimation under a Laplacian prior in the context of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) reduction. This paper highlights the fact that, while this is one possible Bayesian interpretation, there can be other equally acceptable Bayesian interpretations. Therefore, solving a penalized least squares regression problem with penalty φ(<i>x</i>) need not be interpreted as assuming a prior <i>C</i>·exp(-φ(<i>x</i>)) and using the MAP estimator. In particular, it is shown that for any prior <i>PX</i>, the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimator is the solution of a penalized least square problem with some penalty φ(<i>x</i>) , which can be interpreted as the MAP estimator with the prior <i>C</i>·exp(-φ(<i>x</i>)). Vice versa, for certain penalties φ(<i>x</i>), the solution of the penalized least squares problem is indeed the MMSE estimator, with a certain prior <i>PX</i> . In general <i>dPX</i>(<i>x</i>) ≠ <i>C</i>·exp(-φ(<i>x</i>))<i>dx</i>.
Persistent Topics in Linguistic Theory

an innovation is not widely appreciated, however, and I would like to comment briefly on this matter here. A central topic of much current research is what we may call the &dquo;creative&dquo; aspect of language use, that is, its unboundedness and freedom from stimulus control. The speaker-hearer whose normal use of language is &dquo;creative,&dquo; in this sense, must have internalized a system of rules that determines the semantic interpretations of an unbounded set of sentences; he must, in
Educational Status of Children Who Are Receiving Services in an Urban Family Preservation and Reunification Setting

In recent years, the number of children placed in child welfare programs has substantially increased. The familial, social, and mental health needs of this child population has been well documented. However, their educational status and needs have received less attention. This study examines the educational performance of children who are receiving services from an urban child care service agency, with an emphasis on family preservation and reunification. The participants for the study were 56 children (30 boys; 26 girls), ranging from first to eighth grade or between ages 6 and 15. Information on the educational performance of the participants was collected using the Educational Status Form, a 24-item questionnaire. Data included educational performance, attendance pattern, and family status. No relationships were reported between school performance and family status. The results of the study, limitations, future research needs, and the need for early intervention are discussed.
Increased sodium pump activity following repetitive stimulation of rat soleus muscles.

1. Soleus muscles of anaesthetized rats were stimulated tetanically (4 s at 20 Hz every 5 s for 5 min), following which the resting and action potentials were measured in surface fibres. 2. At the end of the stimulation period, the mean resting potential was found to have increased from a control value of ‐79.5 +/‐ 4.8 mV (mean +/‐ S.D.) to ‐90.5 +/‐ 6.3 mV. The hyperpolarization started to decline after 9 min but was still present at 15 min. 3. Associated with the membrane hyperpolarization was an increase in the mean amplitude of the muscle fibre action potential, from 82.2 +/‐ 10.8 to 96.8 +/‐ 10.0 mV. 4. Both the hyperpolarization and the enlargement of the muscle fibre action potential were abolished by 1.25 X 10(‐4) M‐ouabain, cooling the bathing fluid to 19 degrees C or removing K+ from the bathing fluid. 5. The results are explained in terms of an increase in electrogenic sodium pump activity resulting from tetanic stimulation. When the bathing fluid contained 20 mM‐K+, the mean resting potential of stimulated fibres was approximately ‐30 mV greater than that calculated from the Goldman‐Hodgkin‐Katz equation. 6. The increase in sodium pumping not only acts to restore the concentrations of Na+ and K+ on either side of the muscle fibre membrane, but, through its electrogenic effect, enables fibres to remain excitable during continuous contractile activity.