Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathways involved in proliferating, senescent and immortalized keratinocyte cell death mediated by two different TRAIL preparations

Abstract: Properly regulated keratinocyte cell death is fundamentally important to maintain structural integrity and homeostatic function of epidermis. Moreover, from an oncological perspective, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting apoptosis of malignant cell types while sparing normal keratinocytes in surrounding skin is desirable. Apo2Ligand/tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) has been observed to preferentially induce cytopathic effects on transformed/malignant cell types compared with their non‐neoplastic counterparts. In this report, two different biologically active preparations of Apo2L/TRAIL, a non‐tagged version, NT‐Apo2L/TRAIL, and a leucine zipper fusion protein, LZ‐Apo2L/TRAIL, were examined for their ability to trigger apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes, and in an immortalized cell line (HaCaT cells). Differences between these preparations were observed, including: NT‐Apo2L/TRAIL induced less keratinocyte apoptosis compared with LZ‐Apo2L/TRAIL; NT‐Apo2L/TRAIL also induced less apoptosis of HaCaT cells compared with LZ‐Apo2L/TRAIL; LZ‐Apo2L/TRAIL but not NT‐Apo2L/TRAIL induced cytotoxic effects when keratinocytes became growth arrested due to undergoing spontaneous replicative senescence – a biological state previously observed to be resistant to UV‐light‐induced apoptosis. Similarities between preparations included: an enhanced ability for both Apo2L/TRAIL preparations to kill a greater relative percentage of HaCaT cells compared with keratinocytes; enhanced cytotoxicity towards keratinocytes that had their NF‐B activity inhibited; a dependence of both Apo2L/TRAIL preparations on FADD and caspase activation; triggering of the same caspase cascades including caspase 8 and 3; and an ability to induce apoptosis even when HaCaT cells and keratinocytes were transduced to overexpress either Bcl‐2 or Bcl‐xL (survival factors that reduce susceptibility to UV‐light‐induced apoptosis). These results indicate that while both preparations of Apo2L/TRAIL possess biological activity, there are important differences as regards their ability to induce apoptosis in normal and immortalized keratinocytes. Moreover, the death receptor pathway triggered by LZ‐Apo2L/TRAIL can overcome the apoptotic resistance normally observed in response to UV‐light mediated by Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL, as well as by the state of cellular senescence. Unraveling the molecular basis for these differential biological effects may reveal a new strategic role for these death receptor/ligands linked to apoptosis in maintaining the dynamic balance of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and cell death necessary to achieve a homeostatic thickness and function of normal skin. In addition, it may be possible to utilize these Apo2L/TRAIL preparations for the treatment of various sun‐induced skin cancers as they can differentially trigger apoptosis of transformed keratinocytes, or keratinocytes with abnormal NF‐κB signaling, while sparing adjacent normal keratinocytes.
Affect generated by social comparisons among nurses high and low in burnout

The affective consequences of social comparison were examined in 2 field studies among nurses and related to the 3 dimensions of professional burnout: emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Study 1 was conducted in a sample of 99 nurses of a psychiatric hospital, and Study 2 in a sample of 237 nurses employed in various settings. In general, upward comparisons evoked more positive and less negative affect than did downward comparisons. However, the affective consequences of social comparison were different for those high and low in burnout, Those low in personal accomplishment reported higher levels of negative affect from upward comparisons and higher levels of positive affect from downward comparisons than did those high in personal accomplishment. In addition, in Study 2, those high in depersonalization and emotional exhaustion derived more positive affect from downward comparisons than did those with lower levels of burnout.
Gender-Related Quality of Parent-Child Interactions and Early Adolescent Problem Behaviors

This article reports two exploratory studies testing a model guided by a social interactional perspective, positing an inverse relation between the quality of parent-child interactions and adolescent problem behaviors. It addresses mixed findings in the literature related to gender differences. Study 1 uses cross-sectional survey data from midwestern parents with either a boy (n = 377) or a girl (n = 335) between 11 and 13 years of age. Study 2 data, used to replicate the Study 1 results, are collected from a cross-sectional survey sample of midwestern parents with either a boy (n = 279) or a girl (n = 269) in the same age group. Multisample latent variable structural equation modeling confirms the hypothesized inverse relationships in both studies. Also, there are no significant young adolescent gender differences in these relationships. The consistency of findings from both studies is discussed with respect to results from earlier research.
Surface-based labeling of cortical anatomy using a deformable atlas

The authors describe a computerized method to automatically find and label the cortical surface in three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. The approach the authors take is to model a prelabeled brain atlas as a physical object and give it elastic properties, allowing it to warp itself onto regions in a preprocessed image. Preprocessing consists of boundary-finding and a morphological procedure which automatically extracts the brain and sulci from an MR image and provides a smoothed representation of the brain surface to which the deformable model can rapidly converge. The authors' deformable models are energy-minimizing elastic surfaces that can accurately locate image features. The models are parameterized with 3-D bicubic B-spline surfaces. The authors design the energy function such that cortical fissure (sulci) points on the model are attracted to fissure points on the image and the remaining model points are attracted to the brain surface. A conjugate gradient method minimizes the energy function, allowing the model to automatically converge to the smoothed brain surface. Finally, labels are propagated from the deformed atlas onto the high-resolution brain surface.
Shrink Globally, Act Locally: Sparse Bayesian Regularization and Prediction

We study the classic problem of choosing a prior distribution for a location parameter β = (β 1 ,. . , βp) as p grows large. First, we study the standard " global-local shrinkage " approach, based on scale mixtures of normals. Two theorems are presented which characterize certain desirable properties of shrinkage priors for sparse problems. Next, we review some recent results showing how Lévy processes can be used to generate infinite-dimensional versions of standard normal scale-mixture priors, along with new priors that have yet to be seriously studied in the literature. This approach provides an intuitive framework both for generating new regularization penalties and shrinkage rules, and for performing asymptotic analysis on existing models. 1. ONE-GROUP ANSWERS TO TWO-GROUP QUESTIONS Suppose that (y | β) ∼ N(β, σ 2 I), where β = (β1,. . , βp) is believed to be sparse. Many Bayesians, and at least some frequentists, would assume an exchangeable discrete-mixture prior, βi ∼ w · g(βi) + (1 − w) · δ0, and report w(y) = w · f1(y) w · f1(y) + (1 − w) · f0(y) , (1) where f0(y) = N(y | 0, σ 2) and f1(y) = R N(y | β, σ 2) g(β) dβ are the marginal densities of y under the null and the alternative models, respectively. Following Efron [2008], we call this the two-groups answer to the two-groups question. Many of this framework's asymptotic properties are well understood, both as the number of means (p) and the number of replicated observations (n)
MRI for coma emergence and recovery

Purpose of reviewData from MRI can be used to generate detailed maps of central nervous system anatomy and functional activation. Here, we review new research that integrates advanced MRI acquisition and analysis to predict and track recovery following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) or anoxic ischemic encephalopathy (AIE) following cardiac arrest. Recent findingsDiffusion tensor MRI studies of comatose TBI patients demonstrate specific distributions of white matter damage that are robustly associated with long-term functional outcomes. In unconscious patients with AIE, whole brain diffusion restriction has prognostic significance, as do regional changes in diffusion restriction or anisotropy. Results using functional MRI suggest that coma following TBI and cardiac arrest is associated with disconnections within cerebral architectures associated with arousal and conscious perception. The relation between these disconnections and postinjury recovery is being explored in ongoing cohorts. SummaryMRI of the brain is feasible in critically ill patients following TBI or cardiac arrest, revealing patterns of structural damage and functional disconnection that can help predict outcome in the long term. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and to identify relationships between MRI-defined alterations and specific postinjury cognitive and behavioural phenotypes.
Correlates of Five Intellectual Abilities in Chinese Older Adults

Whether older adults can maintain their independent living in community depends on their level of intellectual functioning. This study identified psychosocial factors contributing to five dimensions of intellectual abilities including verbal meaning, word fluency, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning, and number skill, which were measured by the Chinese version of the Primary Mental Abilities Scale. The respondents were 207 Hong Kong Chinese adults aged 60 years or older, and they were interviewed face to face. In hierarchical regression analyses, the authors found that the majority of variance of five intellectual abilities was accounted for by sociodemographic variables. Moreover, education was consistently associated with all five intellectual abilities, and the Lubben Social Network Scale was also significantly related to all five abilities except verbal meaning. Self-rated visual functioning was also related to respondents’ performance in three intellectual tests including word fluency, spatial orientation, and inductive reasoning.
LMO2 protein expression predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy with and without rituximab.

PURPOSE The heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has prompted the search for new markers that can accurately separate prognostic risk groups. We previously showed in a multivariate model that LMO2 mRNA was a strong predictor of superior outcome in DLBCL patients. Here, we tested the prognostic impact of LMO2 protein expression in DLBCL patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy with or without rituximab. PATIENTS AND METHODS DLBCL patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy alone (263 patients) or with the addition of rituximab (80 patients) were studied using immunohistochemistry for LMO2 on tissue microarrays of original biopsies. Staining results were correlated with outcome. RESULTS In anthracycline-treated patients, LMO2 protein expression was significantly correlated with improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in univariate analyses (OS, P = .018; PFS, P = .010) and was a significant predictor independent of the clinical International Prognostic Index (IPI) in multivariate analysis. Similarly, in patients treated with the combination of anthracycline-containing regimens and rituximab, LMO2 protein expression was also significantly correlated with improved OS and PFS (OS, P = .005; PFS, P = .009) and was a significant predictor independent of the IPI in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION We conclude that LMO2 protein expression is a prognostic marker in DLBCL patients treated with anthracycline-based regimens alone or in combination with rituximab. After further validation, immunohistologic analysis of LMO2 protein expression may become a practical assay for newly diagnosed DLBCL patients to optimize their clinical management.
Acetazolamide on the ventral medulla of the cat increases phrenic output and delays the ventilatory response to CO2.

1. Acetazolamide (0.1 mM) applied to the surface of the rostral ventrolateral medulla or microinjected beneath the medullary surface in chloralose‐urethane‐anaesthetized, vagotomized, carotid‐denervated, paralysed, servo‐ventilated cats produced a long‐lasting increase in integrated phrenic nerve activity. 2. Extracellular pH measured beneath the rostral ventrolateral medulla exhibited a long‐lasting decrease after surface acetazolamide but was not a good predictor, in each individual animal, of changes in phrenic activity. 3. Medullary carbonic anhydrase inhibition reduced the slope and the half‐time of the phrenic response to rapid step CO2 increases. Conversely, acetazolamide did not affect the phrenic response to steady‐state CO2 increases. 4. These data indicate that localized inhibition of medullary carbonic anhydrase causes a centrally mediated increase in ventilation that we attribute to medullary tissue hypercapnia and acidosis. In addition, these data indicate that medullary carbonic anhydrase may play a role in central CO2 chemotransduction.
Parental Beliefs about Giftedness in Young Children and Their Relation to Actual Ability Level

Some parents believe their preschool children to be gifted, but little is known concerning these implicit beliefs. This study provides data on the relationship between specific items perceived by parents to be indicators of giftedness in their young children and the children's actual measured ability level. Parental beliefs were found to be associated with actual IQ status. In particular, parents' beliefs about memory, creativity-imagination, and abstract thinking abilities were associated with higher IQ, and knowledge of body parts with lower IQ. These data suggest that (a) parents have specific and differentiated beliefs concerning the constituents of giftedness in their young children, (b) parents exhibit a fairly high degree of accuracy in their judgments of their children's ability level, and (c) parental beliefs differ as a function of the actual ability level of their children.
Comparison of Large-Signal-Network-Analyzer Calibrations

We develop a procedure and metrics for comparing large-signal-network-analyzer calibrations. The metrics we develop provide a bound on differences between measurements obtained from large-signal-network-analyzer calibrations, as well as specific information on how the power, phase, and scattering-parameter portions of the calibrations differ.
Introducing time-of-flight and resolution recovery image reconstruction to clinical whole-body PET parametric imaging

We recently proposed a dynamic multi-bed acquisition scheme enabling whole-body FDG PET parametric imaging from limited axial field-of-view PET/CT scanners in clinically feasible scan times. However, the proposed framework was only evaluated for standard ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction. Currently, state-of-the-art commercial PET/CT scanners are equipped with advanced detection systems, capable of measuring the time-of-flight (TOF) of each annihilated photon enabling to confine the location of the annihilation position to a small segment within the line of response. As such, noise propagation is reduced and TOF reconstruction may provide superior contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Furthermore, image reconstruction is enriched with the feature of scanner resolution point spread function (PSF) modeling within the system response matrix of OSEM algorithm, similarly allowing for higher CNR. In this study, we extended TOF and PSF modeling to the dynamic multi-bed domain and systematically investigated their impact on the quality of wholebody PET parametric images. The state-of-the-art Siemens Biograph mCT scanner and its reconstruction suite were utilized. An extensive set of realistic 4D phantom simulations for the mCT scanner with and without TOF features were performed. Resolution degradation was applied to match a spatial resolution of 4.5mm. Then, TOF and non-TOF reconstructed images with and without resolution modeling were produced. Subsequently, the impact of TOF and PSF was assessed for standard and generalized Patlak models. Our results demonstrate the potential benefit of introducing TOF and PSF in parametric imaging, with both features providing superior noise vs. bias trade-off. Tumor-to-background ratio is enhanced by 30% when utilizing TOF, while CNR is improved by 40% and 60% when either TOF or PSF capabilities are introduced, respectively. Finally, total CNR enhancement approaches 100% if the two features are combined.
Adult attachment insecurities are related to obsessive compulsive phenomena.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most disabling and highly prevalent anxiety disorders. Cognitive models implicate maladaptive beliefs such as inflated sense of responsibility, perfectionism, importance/control of thoughts in the maintenance of the disorder, but little research has investigated factors that may lead to these beliefs. This paper investigated whether a dysfunctional attachment system may be one such factor, by examining how adult attachment orientations (dimensions of attachment anxiety and avoidance) relate to OCD-related cognitions, OCD symptoms, and depression. Using structural equation modeling in a student sample (N = 446), the present study found evidence for a mediational model, where attachment dimensions contributed to OCD symptoms via OCD-related cognitions, while controlling for depression. The paper discusses the association between adult attachment orientations and OCD symptoms in the context of current cognitive-behavioral theories of OCD.
A Model Program for Bringing Neuroscience to Children: An Informal Neuroscience Education Program Bridges a Gap

Growing concern about science literacy in the United States has led to the active involvement of scientists in educational reform. Yet scientists have often found it difficult to communicate content knowledge in an effective manner to both teachers and children. This model project, funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, has been aimed at increasing the awareness and understanding of neuroscience among elementary school children to indirectly decrease drug use and unhealthy behaviors. The project created a partnership between neuroscientists, health professionals, and the Boys and Girls Clubs of Omaha, Nebraska, to present hands-on activities about basic and applied aspects of the nervous system in a “reverse” science fair setting. Neuroscientists and health professionals created hands-on, interactive exhibits that the children judged. This particular study examined the perceptions of neuroscientists and allied health professionals regarding their ability to communicate neuroscience knowledge to school-age children and their understanding of the knowledge and interest of children about neuroscience in relation to children’s self-reports of knowledge and interest in neuroscience. Participation in a fair significantly raised professionals’ perceptions of their ability to communicate science content to fourth- and sixth-grade children. There was considerable discrepancy between the professionals’ assessment of what children know, and want to know, about neuroscience, and what the children do know and want to know about the nervous system. After observing children engaging in neuroscience activities, many presenters rated children’s interest levels in neuroscience and in their projects considerably higher than before. Presenting neuroscience concepts to the children was thus less difficult than the professionals had perceived prior to the fair. The reverse science fair approach is one way to foster the involvement of neuroscientists and health professionals in increasing knowledge transfer, and neuroscience literacy, in the formative childhood years.
Profile and outcome of congenital heart diseases in children: a preliminary experience from a tertiary center in sokoto, north Western Nigeria.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) contribute significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality in many developing countries, largely due to late recognition and lack of skill and facilities for definitive intervention. Though data is available from other parts of the country, little is known about the pattern of CHD in the study area. The profile and outcome of CHD among children presenting to Pediatric Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, North Western Nigeria is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted between 1st September 2011 and 31st August 2013. Study subjects included all children who presented to our hospital and had clinical and confirmed echocardiographic diagnosis of CHD. RESULTS A total of 112 children were diagnosed with CHD during the 2-year study period. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.2, with a median age at presentation of 11months. Ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ducuts arteriosus (PDA) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) were the most common lesions seen in 48(42.9%), 21 (18.8%), 13 (11.6%) and 11 (9.8%) patients respectively. Five (4.5%) patients had transposition of the great arteries while three (2.7%) had complete atrioventricular septal defect. Less frequent lesions included truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, isolated pulmonary stenosis, tricuspid atresia, single atrium, Ebstein anomaly, bicuspid aortic valve and cor triatriatum sinister. Definitive treatment was possible in only 12 (9.8%) patients whereas 15.3% of the patients who had no intervention died. CONCLUSION The spectrum of CHD in our series is similar to reports from other centers in Nigeria. Only a few patients could afford definitive treatment abroad, highlighting the need for urgent establishment of well-equipped and functioning cardiac centers across the country.
The Effects of Acute Arginine Vasopressin Administration on Social Cognition in Healthy Males

The structurally similar neuropeptides and hormones oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) play significant and complex roles in modulating a range of social behaviours, including social recognition and bond formation. Although OT has well-known roles in facilitating prosocial behaviors and enhancing emotion recognition, AVP has received increasing interest for diverging effects on social cognition behaviour most notably in males. The current study aimed to determine whether AVP also modulates the ability to understand emotion. Using a randomised double blind procedure, 45 healthy young males received either an AVP or placebo nasal spray and completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). In contrast to previous findings, there were no significant differences observed in performance on the RMET between AVP and placebo groups, even after examining items separated by task difficulty, emotional valence, and gender. This study provides diverging evidence from previous findings and adds to the growing body of research exploring the influence of neuropeptide hormones in social behaviour. It demonstrates that in this sample of participants, AVP does not enhance the ability to understand higher order emotion from others. Implications and suggestions for future AVP administration studies are discussed.