Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE NICMOS POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS OF THREE EDGE-ON MASSIVE YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS

Massive young stellar objects (YSOs), like low-mass YSOs, appear to be surrounded by optically thick envelopes and/or disks and have regions, often bipolar, that are seen in polarized scattered light at near-infrared wavelengths. We are using the 0. ″2 spatial resolution of the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) on Hubble Space Telescope to examine the structure of the disks and outflow regions of massive YSOs in star-forming regions within a few kpc of the Sun. Here we report on 2 μm polarimetry of NGC 6334 V and S255 IRS1. NGC 6334 V consists of a double-lobed bright reflection nebula seen against a dark region, probably an optically thick molecular cloud. Our polarization measurements show that the illuminating star lies ∼2″ south of the line connecting the two lobes; we do not detect this star at 2 μm, but there are a small radio source and a mid-infrared source at this location. S255 IRS1 consists of two YSOs (NIRS1 and NIRS3) with overlapping scattered light lobes and luminosities corresponding to early B stars. Included in IRS1 is a cluster of stars from whose polarization we determine the local magnetic field direction. Neither of the YSOs has its scattered light lobes aligned with this magnetic field. The line connecting the scattered light lobes of NIRS1 is twisted symmetrically around the star; the best explanation is that the star is part of a close binary and the outflow axis of NIRS1 is precessing as a result of non-coplanar disk and orbit. The star NIRS3 is also offset from the line connecting its two scattered light lobes. We suggest that all three YSOs show evidence of episodic ejection of material as they accrete from dense, optically thick envelopes.
Unilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation with Bone Graft vs. Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation with Bone Graft or Cage: A Comparative Study

Background The aim of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with bone graft (UPSFB) in treating single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD), as compared to bilateral pedicle screw fixation with bone graft (BPSFB) or with cage (BPSFC). Material/Methods Medical records were retrospectively collected between 01/2010 and 02/2015 in Longyao County Hospital. According to surgical methods used, all patients were divided into 3 groups: UPSFB group, BPSFB group, and BPSFC group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by blood loss, blood transfusion, duration of operation, hospital stay, postoperative complications, interbody fusion rate, reoperation rate, medical expenses, patient satisfaction survey, and JOA score. Results Ninety-five patients were included and underwent 2.5-year follow-up, with 7 patients lost to regular follow-up. As compared to the BPSFB group and BPSFC group, the UPSFB group had less blood loss and less blood transfusion, as well as shorter hospital stay (p<0.05). Medical expenses were far lower in the UPSFB group (p<0.001). There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in postoperative complications, interbody fusion rate, reoperation rate, JOA score, and patient satisfaction (all p>0.05). Conclusions As compared to BPSFB and BPSFC, UPSFB has the same reliability and effectiveness in treating single-segment LDD with unilateral radicular symptoms in a single lower extremity, with the additional advantage being less expensive.
Influence of Cooled Interstellar Gas on the Fundamental Plane of Elliptical Galaxies

We explore the possible important influence of cooled interstellar gas on the fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies. Interstellar cooling is described by a parameterized sink term in the equation of continuity. Parameters that give the best fits to the X-ray observations of elliptical galaxy NGC 4472 are used as a template for other galaxies. These spatially dependent cooling parameters are then extended homologously to elliptical galaxies of lower mass for which X-ray observations of the hot gas are currently unavailable or impossible because of stronger relative X-ray emission from binary stars. Most of the interstellar gas cools within an effective radius where it can contribute an additional 10%-30% to the mass of the old stellar population. The absence of observed cooled gas and simple theoretical arguments support the hypothesis that the cooled gas is forming into low-mass stars, with implications that depend on the initial mass function (IMF) of this young stellar population. If the IMF includes only stars of very low mass, ≪M☉ as is commonly believed, the cooled mass is optically dark. For this IMF, the mass-to-light ratios determined from stellar velocities systematically overestimate that of the old stellar population. Furthermore, the total mass and spatial distribution of the optically dark stellar population does not scale homologously with galactic luminosity or radius, so the total stellar mass-to-light ratio is expected to vary with galactic radius. These variations in stellar population and nonhomology can introduce pronounced deviations from the fundamental plane. We investigate cooled gas perturbations to the mass-to-light ratio for several idealized homologous elliptical galaxies and show that they can be incompatible with the observed thinness of the fundamental plane. However, if the IMF of the stellar population produced from cooled interstellar gas is optically luminous, its influence on observed stellar mass-to-light ratios and the fundamental plane would be lessened. If the IMF of a young, continuously forming, and optically luminous stellar population were sufficiently well behaved, it could account for about 10% of the optical light from large elliptical galaxies within re, possibly having important implications for understanding the fundamental plane.
Warm ocean is eroding West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Satellite radar measurements show that ice shelves in Pine Island Bay have thinned by up to 5.5 m yr−1 over the past decade. The pattern of shelf thinning mirrors that of their grounded tributaries ‐ the Pine Island, Thwaites and Smith glaciers ‐ and ocean currents on average 0.5°C warmer than freezing appear to be the source. The synchronised imbalance of the inland glaciers is the result of reduced lateral and basal tractions at their termini, and the drawdown of grounded ice shows that Antarctica is more sensitive to changing climates than was previously considered.
Simplified design of haptic display by extending one-point kinesthetic feedback to multipoint tactile feedback

For designing a simple and more realistic haptic feedback system, we propose integrating an underactuated mechanism with one-point kinesthetic feedback from the arm with multipoint tactile feedback. By focusing on the division of roles between the cutaneous sensation in fingers and the proprioception in the arm. We have implemented a prototype system that provides kinesthetic feedback to the arm and tactile feedback to the fingers, examined the difference of weight recognition according to the applied point of kinesthetic feedback, and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Nutritional and oral health status of an elderly population in Nairobi.

OBJECTIVE To determine the nutrition and oral health status of elderly persons in Nairobi, Kenya. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Households in Dagoretti Division of Nairobi. SUBJECTS Two hundred and eighty nine persons (29.8% males and 70.2% females) aged 45 years and above were assessed. RESULTS The level of malnutrition using the mid upper arm circumference was 18.8% while by body mass index was 11.4%. Of the population assessed, 46.4% had normal nutritional status while 40.9% were overweight, with more females (48.0%) than males (25.9%) being overweight. The study established that many of the elderly persons suffered from dental problems, especially periodontitis with 89.9% having dental plaque, calculus 85.6%, gingival recession 82.5% and bleeding gums 77.4%. The decayed index missing and filled teeth, was 7.173 with 19.7% caries free, 51.9% reported tooth mobility and edentulousness was common. CONCLUSIONS Under-nutrition, obesity and dental problems are issues of concern among the elderly. There is need to develop policies that will look into the nutrition and dental health of the elderly in order to improve their welfare.
Computational and algorithmic models of strategies in turn-based games

We study two different models of a turn-based game called the Marble Drop Game, which is an experimental paradigm designed to investigate higher-order social reasoning. Our first model is a computational-level description of the game, associating cognitive difficulty of a game trial with its structural properties. Our second model is an algorithmic-level model postulating a forward reasoning plus backtracking strategy for solving the game, rather than backward induction as prescribed by game theory. Our experiment shows that the algorithmic-level model is more predictive for the participants’ reaction times. This research illustrates how various methods of logic and computer science may be used for building computational cognitive models.
Dynamic access strategy selection in user deployed small cell networks

In this paper, the access strategy for spectrum-sharing based two-tier networks is investigated. By exploring the motivations of the home base station (HBS) and the macrocell user (MU), we propose a Stackelberg game based approach, which enables them to improve their performances by establishing direct links. The proposed approach copes with the distributed nature of the user-deployed small cell networks, and requires no inter-cell coordinations. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can guarantee the capacity gain of the small cells, while improving the energy efficiency of the macrocell users. Furthermore, by adjusting the objective function, the benefits of open access can be balanced between the capacity gain of small cells and the energy efficiency improvement of the MUs. Therefore it can be applied flexibly for various design purposes.
The development of Psychological Well-being Programme Based on six Factormodel psychological Well-being RYFF (1989)

The aims of this study were to develop and validate a Psychological Well-Being Programme for primary school children based on 6 Factor Model Psychological WellBeing by Ryff (1989). This Program encompassed 6 sub programme and 8 activities developed along the concept and components of the 6 Factor Model Psychological WellBeing by Ryff(1989). The design method used in this study involved a descriptive approach involving expert judgment. In addition,literature review was used to examine the need for developing of Psychological Well-Being Programme and to justify usage the6 Factor Model Psychological WellBeing by Ryff (1989). The instruments used to determine the content validity of the programme as advocated by Jamaludin (2002) is a modification from Russell (1974). The sample of the study comprised six experts in the field of counseling and psychology. A statistical software was used to analyze the descriptive statistics of the collected data which revealed promising results. The values computed for the content validity were high, ranging from 80% to 93%. These findings reinforce the Six Factor Model Psychological WellBeing by Ryff(1989) in the design of Psychological Well-Being Programme for primary school children in Malaysia. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Literature Review: The Role of Psychological Capital among Indonesian’s Worker

Abstract Psychological capital is a positive psychological state , characterized by having self-efficacy, hope, optimism , and resiliency. The findings show that psycap plays a vital role in the emergence of positive behaviors at the workplace. This study aims to conduct a literature review on the role of psychological capital in workers from various settings in Indonesia. The literature search is done through portalgaruda.org and onesearch.id database using the keywords "psychological capital , " , "psycap , " and " modal psikologis , " resulting in a total of 32 paper s (N=2569). We found that there are various effect s of individual psycap on employment behavior, and that no studies have been found on psycap measurements or interventions . Hence, the latter could be used as the direction for future research . This study answers the question of psycap consequences f or Indonesian workers and, call s future researcher to expand on psycap antecedent and consequences . Keyword s : employee, psychological capital , and worker.
Model-based color natural stochastic textures processing and classification

Processing and classification of color Natural Stochastic Textures (NST) are of importance in various facets of image restoration, enhancement and pattern recognition. Existing denoising and deblurring algorithms produce over-smoothed images with sharp edges, but do not restore the fine textural color details. A recently proposed color-NST model, endowed with a small number of parameters, is extended and used for deblurring and denoising via a linear maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) scheme. The restored images exhibit better textural details than those recovered by other algorithms. Orientation and coherence-based features are combined with the color-NST model for classification, showing improvement over algorithms implementing only isotropic and color-based features.
Pseudohomophone effects provide evidence of early lexico‐phonological processing in visual word recognition

Previous research using event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) suggested that phonological processing in visual word recognition occurs rather late, typically after semantic or syntactic processing. Here, we show that phonological activation in visual word recognition can be observed much earlier. Using a lexical decision task, we show that ERPs to pseudohomophones (PsHs) (e.g., ROZE) differed from well‐matched spelling controls (e.g., ROFE) as early as 150 ms (P150) after stimulus onset. The PsH effect occurred as early as the word frequency effect suggesting that phonological activation occurs early enough to influence lexical access. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis (LORETA) revealed that left temporoparietal and right frontotemporal areas are the likely brain regions associated with the processing of phonological information at the lexical level. Altogether, the results show that phonological processes are activated early in visual word recognition and play an important role in lexical access. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The flow in weak turbulent hydraulic jumps

Velocity and surface measurements in three turbulent hydraulic jumps are analysed in detail. The velocity measurements were obtained in a hydraulic flume using laserDoppler velocimetry and the surface measurements were obtained using capacitance wave gauges. The purpose is to extract information about the flow field and the stresses in the jumps and the geometrical extension of the recirculating region called the roller. To achieve this we first ensure that the overall continuity and momentum conservation for the flow is satisfied. This includes comparison with the classical results for hydraulic jumps. It is found that deviations from uniform-depth Reynoldsaveraged velocities and hydrostatic pressure give small but important corrections to the conservation equations. Careful evaluation of the velocity measurements in conjunction with the continuity equation makes it possible to determine the lower limit of the recirculating roller region. Measurements of the Reynolds stresses are analysed, in particular in the roller region, and a simple model established that illustrates the mechanisms of the flow in the roller and predicts well the stresses along the lower limits of the roller. In combination with the analysis of the vorticity distribution, this leads to a qualitative description of the processes for the generation of vorticity. It suggests both similarities and differences from the hypothesis of the existence of a shear layer inside the jump. Similarity profiles are developed for the variation of stresses, vorticity, and eddy viscosity along the lower limit of the roller. Finally, the total angular momentum for the jumps is examined and compared to the analysis of Hornung, Willert & Turner (1995).
Long-term in-vivo analysis of habenular neurocircuit development identifies a thalamic bilateral cluster of early projecting cells (ThEPC) critical for interhemispheric communication and ventral habenula (vHb) formation

In the dorsal diencephalon of all vertebrates, the habenular neurocircuit transfers cognitive information from the forebrain into the ventral mid- and hindbrain via long axon fibers in the stria medullaris (SM) and fasciculus retroflexus (FR) on both sides of the brain. How these axons navigate through the brain and whether communication between brain hemispheres is required during the formation of this neuronal network is still an open question. The bilaterally formed habenulae in the dorsal diencephalon in zebrafish consist of the asymmetrically formed dorsal habenula nucleus (dHb) and the symmetric ventral habenula nucleus (vHb). While development of the dHb has been well described, the origin of the vHb and the genetic cascades underlying its development are not known. We use the habenular network as a model to investigate how axon elongation is coordinated during embryonic development. This can best be done by recording its development in-vivo. As this neural circuit takes at least 4 days to develop and spans about 300 µm in anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral direction, we needed to develop a novel assay to investigate its development in the living zebrafish embryo. In our studies, we identified a transgenic line of zebrafish expressing GFP throughout the habenular neurocircuit development in all subnuclei and their efferent projections. Combining optimised in-vivo 2-photon (2-PM) long-term image recording and colour code analysis with focal laser ablation of neurons, we discovered a neuronal network essential for dorsal habenular axon elongation and pathfinding. We present evidence that a bilateral cluster of early projecting neurons in the thalamus (ThEPC) functions as intermediate target for dHb axonal elongation via ipsilateral short- and contralateral long-range axonal communication between the two brain hemispheres. Moreover, we show that a subset of ThEPC neurons contributes to the forming ventral habenula, which development is controlled by tcf7l2 mediated Wnt/beta-catenin signalling.
Hybrid fuzzy classifier based on feature-wise membership given by artificial neural network

This paper proposes the hybrid neuro-fuzzy classification model to perform the supervised classification of the data. In the proposed classification model, artificial neural network is used to learn the membership function for fuzzy classes of an input data set. This learned membership function gives the belongingness of each feature value to all the classes. Then the feature selection based on the information gain is performed to select the subset of features that gives the highest classification accuracy. Only the feature belongingness of the selected features is aggregated by using sum aggregation reasoning rule to compute the pattern belongingness to the given classes. These values of feature or pattern belongingness are useful for high level decision making. Finally by using defuzzification operation each pattern is assigned to the predicted class. In this paper, the proposed model is applied to four datasets: IRIS, BUPA, PIMA and WINE. Accuracy of the results is measured by using the performance measures-Misclassification, Percentage of overall class accuracy and Kappa index of agreement. In addition to the improved performance, proposed model gives the freedom to handle each feature independently based on its belongingness value.
A Model-Based Approach to Reactive Self-Configuring Systems

This paper describes Livingstone, an implemented kernel for a model-based reactive self-configuring autonomous system. It presents a formal characterization of Livingstone's representation formalism, and reports on our experience with the implementation in a variety of domains. Livingstone provides a reactive system that performs significant deduction in the sense/response loop by drawing on our past experience at building fast propositional conflict-based algorithms for model-based diagnosis, and by framing a model-based configuration manager as a propositional feedback controller that generates focused, optimal responses. Livingstone's representation formalism achieves broad coverage of hybrid hardware/software systems by coupling the transition system models underlying concurrent reactive languages with the qualitative representations developed in model-based reasoning. Livingstone automates a wide variety of tasks using a single model and a single core algorithm, thus making significant progress towards achieving a central goal of model-based reasoning. Livingstone, together with the HSTS planning and scheduling engine and the RAPS executive, has been selected as part of the core autonomy architecture for NASA's first New Millennium spacecraft.
Preliminary psychometric validation of the Multidimensional inventory of sport excellence: attention scales and mental energy

Sport psychologist needs to understand how psychological factors affect athletic performance of an individual, considering individual differences among athletes. Each specific problem in working with athletes must be considered depending on complex factors: the type (specificity) of sport ; characteristics of the activity (the training or competition) ; stages of athletes’ sports development ; gender and age differences, etc. Although there are numerous psychological instruments, which assess psychological characteristics of athletes, it is important to select instruments adjusted to athletes, working style of sports psychologist, available time and other constraints. Here, we have formulated a preliminary version of our own battery of questionnaires, named Multidimensional Inventory of Sport Excellence (MUSI), selecting the items for following psychological characteristics: energizing, maintaining attention, directing attention, wide internal / external attention and narrow internal / external attention. In this phase of the study, participants were stratified only by gender. Sample of 248 participants was examined, of which 103 male athletes (age 24.52 ± 11.80 years) and 145 female athletes (age 16.61 ± 6.69 years), from the Croatian sports clubs, competing in 16 different sports (archery, football, handball, bocce, bowling, cycling, karate, rowing, tennis, volleyball, basketball, synchronized swimming, triathlon, table tennis, chess, badminton). Data were collected from March to June 2014 in Rijeka, during the trainings in sports clubs. Results of Principal Component Analysis and the reliabilities type internal consistency showed that each of sub- questionnaires from battery MUSI have satisfactory reliability and construct validity, giving positive guidance for future adaptation of the questionnaire to specific subpopulations of athletes.