Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative polyadenylation is associated with lower expression of PABPN1 and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer

Alternative polyadenylation (APA), which induces shortening of the 3′UTR, is emerging as an important phenomenon in gene regulation. APA is involved in development, cancer and cell proliferation. APA may lead to disruption of microRNA‐mediated gene silencing in cancer cells via detachment of microRNA binding sites. We studied the correlation between the APA profile and the tumor aggressiveness in cases of lung cancer. We selected the top 10 genes showing significant 3′UTR shortening in lung cancer, using the package of the Bioconductor for probe‐level analyses of expression microarrays. We established and evaluated the APA score by quantitative RT‐PCR in 147 clinical specimens of non‐small cell lung cancer and compared the results with the clinical outcomes and expression levels of APA‐related genes, including PABPN1, CPEB1, E2F1 and proliferation markers (MKI67, TOP2A and MCM2). High APA scores were correlated with an advanced tumor stage and a poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the APA score as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 3.0; P = 0.03). Both lower expression of PABPN1 and higher expression of the proliferation markers were correlated with high APA scores and a poor prognosis, with suppression of PABPN1 exerting its influence independent of gain of the proliferation markers. Moreover, the APA score was correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value of the tumors on positron emission tomography (r = 0.53; P < 0.001). Our results indicate that the loss of PABPN1, a suppressor of APA, might promote tumor aggressiveness by releasing the cancer cells from microRNA‐mediated gene regulation.
DISTRIBUTED OBJECT ORIENTED SIMULATION TOOLSET

Many simulation problems can take advantage of distributed simulation approach when dealing with the huge timeor spacecomplexity and the conventional sequential solution is not satisfying. We have proposed and implemented an object-oriented toolset for developing both sequential and conservative distributed simulation architectures, based on a sound formal background and our previous experience. Hierarchical structuring of model components is supported. Different distributed simulation mechanisms may be chosen for synchronisation of simulation processors. Lookahead information can be extracted from model description and used to speed-up the simulation run.
Bmi-1 Regulates Snail Expression and Promotes Metastasis Ability in Head and Neck Squamous Cancer-Derived ALDH1 Positive Cells

Recent studies suggest that ALDH1 is a putative marker for HNSCC-derived cancer stem cells. However, the regulation mechanisms that maintain the stemness and metastatic capability of HNSCC-ALDH1+ cells remain unclear. Initially, HNSCC-ALDH1+ cells from HNSCC patient showed cancer stemness properties, and high expression of Bmi1 and Snail. Functionally, tumorigenic properties of HNSCC-ALDH1+ cells could be downregulated by knockdown of Bmi-1. Overexpression of Bmi-1 altered in expression property ALDH1− cells to that of ALDH1+ cells. Furthermore, knockdown of Bmi-1 enhanced the radiosensitivity of radiation-treated HNSCC-ALDH1+ cells. Moreover, overexpression of Bmi-1 in HNSCC-ALDH1− cells increased tumor volume and number of pulmonary metastatic lesions by xenotransplant assay. Importantly, knock-down of Bmi1 in HNSCC-ALDH1+ cells significantly decreased distant metastases in the lungs. Clinically, coexpression of Bmi-1/Snail/ALDH1 predicted the worst prognosis in HNSCC patients. Collectively, our data suggested that Bmi-1 plays a key role in regulating Snail expression and cancer stemness properties of HNSCC-ALDH1+ cells.
Representative Bureaucracy: Classic Readings and Continuing Controversies

List of Tables and Figures Preface Chapter 1. Theoretical Underpinnings: Why Does the Social Background of Public Administrators Matter? Bureaucracy, Max Weber Representative Bureaucracy, J. Donald Kingsley Democracy and the Public Service, Frederick C. Mosher Representative Bureaucracy, Samuel Krislov Chapter 2. Public Personnel Policy and Social Representation: How Do Policies for Recruitment, Selection, Promotion, Pay, and Retention Affect Representative Bureaucracy? To Look Like America, Katherine Naff Measuring Bureaucratic Representation and Integration, David Nachmias and David H. Rosenbloom The Curious Case of Women in State and Local Government, Lee Sigelman Black Employment in Municipal Jobs: The Impact of Black Political Power, Peter K. Elsinger Chapter 3. Social Representation and Public Administrators' Worldviews: What is the Linkage Between Social Background and Civil Servants' Policy Preferences? Bureaucracy and Social Change, Seymour Martin Lipset Representative Bureaucracy and Policy Preferences: A Study in the Attitudes of Federal Executives, Kenneth John Meier and Lloyd G. Nigro Passive and Active Representation in the Federal Service: A Comparison of Blacks and Whites, David H. Rosenbloom and Jeannette G. Featherstonhaugh Policy Preferences on Workplace Reform, Mary M. Hale and M. Frances Branch Chapter 4. Social Background, Life Experience, and Policy Advocacy: Why Do Civil Servants Act on Policy Preferences Derived from their Social Backgrounds and Life Experiences? Minority Groups in Public Bureaucracies: Are Passive and Active Representation Linked?
Comparison of IKDC and SANE Outcome Measures Following Knee Injury in Active Female Patients

Background: Knee injury among young, active female patients remains a public health issue. Clinicians are called upon to pay greater attention to patient-oriented outcomes to evaluate the impact of these injuries. Little agreement exists on which outcome measures are best, and clinicians cite several barriers to their use. Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) may provide meaningful outcome information while lessening the time burden associated with other patient-oriented measures. Hypothesis: The SANE and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores would be strongly correlated in a cohort of young active female patients with knee injuries from preinjury through 1-year follow-up and that a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) could be calculated for the SANE score. Study Design: Observational prospective cohort. Methods: Two hundred sixty-three subjects completed SANE and IKDC at preinjury by recall, time of injury, and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the association between SANE and IKDC. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine differences in SANE and IKDC over time. MCID was calculated for SANE using IKDC MCID as an anchor. Results: Moderate to strong correlations were seen between SANE and IKDC (0.65-0.83). SANE, on average, was 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.9; P < 0.00) units greater than IKDC over all time points. MCID for the SANE was calculated as 7 for a 6-month follow-up and 19 for a 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: SANE scores were moderately to strongly correlated to IKDC scores across all time points. Reported MCID values for the SANE should be utilized to measure meaningful changes over time for young, active female patients with knee injuries. Clinical Relevance: Providing clinicians with patient-oriented outcome measures that can be obtained with little clinician and patient burden may allow for greater acceptance and use of outcome measures in clinical settings.
Title : PARENTING AND STABILITY OF SELF-CONTROL

Title: PARENTING AND STABILITY OF SELFCONTROL Ying Tian, M.A., 2006 Directed By: Professor Denise Gottfredson, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice The present study examined the stability of self-control and the relationship of parenting and self-control based on Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime. By using a four-wave longitudinal data coming from the D.C Family Strengthening Project, this paper adopts the appropriate statistical tool for latent variables (Mplus) to explore the rank stability of self-control among a minority dominated sample aged from 9 to 11. This study also does an exploratory test of the source of self-control. The causal impact of parenting factors such as supervision, discipline, and caring on self-control are tested by using a sample of children aged from 7 to 8. The results show that relative stability of observed self-control is moderate, while it becomes high when measurement errors are controlled. Also discipline and monitoring is the most important parenting variable to increase self-control level of children during their early ages. PARENTING AND STABILITY OF SELF-COTNROL
Immunocompetence in Hydra. Epithelial cells recognize self-nonself and react against it

The evolution of effective immunologic defense mechanisms in multicellular organisms involves the ability of host cells to distinguish betweeen "self' and "nonself' and to react appropriately to eliminate foreign tissue. By producing interspecies grafts we have obtained evidence that im- munorecognition followed by incompatibility reactions occur in Hydra. Our results demonstrate that epithelial cells of Hydra recognize and phagocytose foreign hydra cells, indicating that they are the effector cells in the incompat- ibility reactions. This observation is consistent with the idea that immunocom- petence appeared early in the evolution of multicellular organisms. The study of immune reactions in primi- tive invertebrates is important from a phy- logenetic point of view. It may also contribute to our understanding of the complex immu- nology of higher animals since the basic prin- ciples are probably similar. In order to compare invertebrate and vertebrate phyla the term "immunity" should be used in a broad sense. An animal may be said to pos- sess immunity if it is capable of recognizing and protecting against nonself (Lackie, '80). Involvement of specific memory in primitive immune responses may or may not occur and can be viewed as an evolving characteristic (Hildemann, '74; Lackie, '80; Coombe et al., '84).
Morphological and Molecular Study of Different Penicillium Species

Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of major importance in the environment, food and drug production. It produces penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, this kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body. In the present investigation morphological characterization of Penicillium species was carried out in two different media (PDA and Czapek Dox). Morphological characteristics of microbes may be influence by environmental factor and any mutations at the genome can't be investigated by morphological marker so here one additional step (molecular markers reveal characterization) has been taken to overcome this type of problem to characterize some Penicillium species. The polymorphism at the molecular level was studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technique and variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). In our study all selected 20 random primers showed polymorphism and generated total 252 RAPD fragments of which 83.73% were polymorphic. The number of amplification products produced by each primer were varied from 4-16 with an average of 10.55. The sizes of amplified fragments were ranged from 218-2939 bp. Pair wise genetic similarity estimated the range from 0.20-0.80 Jaccords coefficient. All selected Penicillium species were grouped into four major clusters. Penicillium purpurogenum and Penicillium notatum was closest species in our study and as expected not higher but moderate level of similarity was found among all selected Penicillium species.
Sexual Identity, Earnings, and Labour Market Dynamics: New Evidence from Longitudinal Data in Australia

Using newly collected data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, this study presents new estimates of the earnings effects of sexual orientation in Australia and offers the first empirical investigation of the labour market trajectories of lesbian/gay/bisexual individuals. Our results show that gay males are: (i) less likely to be continuously employed than their heterosexual counterparts, and (ii) face an earnings penalty of approximately 20 percent, driven, in part, by a longer-run earnings growth penalty relative to heterosexuals. Individual fixed effects estimates show that males entering into same-sex partnerships experience earnings declines relative to those entering into opposite-sex partnerships. For lesbians, we find evidence of an earnings premium, explained largely by increased labour supply on the intensive margin and, to a lesser extent, greater earnings growth over time.
Sectoral Specifities in the Dynamics of U.S. Manufacturing Firms

The size distribution and growth rates dynamics of U.S. manufacturing firms have been extensively studied by many authors. In this paper, using the COMPUSTAT database, we extend the analysis to disaggregated data, studying 15 industrial sectors. We find that among the stylized facts presented in literature concerning the whole industry, some survive and can be considered valid for each single sector while some disappear, suggesting that their emergence was purely due to aggregation effects. The degree of heterogeneity in the behavior of the different sectors hints at a richer economic structure and, consequently, stresses the loss of information implied in limiting the investigations at an aggregate level.
Limit process of stationary TASEP near the characteristic line

The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on\input amssym ${\Bbb Z}$ with the Bernoulli‐ρ measure as an initial condition, 0 < ρ < 1, is stationary. It is known that along the characteristic line, the current fluctuates at an order of t1/3. The limiting distribution has also been obtained explicitly. In this paper we determine the limiting multipoint distribution of the current fluctuations moving away from the characteristics by the order t2/3. The main tool is the analysis of a related directed last percolation model. We also discuss the process limit in tandem queues in equilibrium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elasticity, model scale and error

Elasticity is often used as a convenient means of summarising the sensitivity of a population to changes in transport policy variables, such as the prices of alternative modes or routes. In developing models analysts are often required to demonstrate that the elasticities implied by their models are consistent with generally accepted notions of what elasticities ought to be. Most travel demand models used in practical forecasting studies are formulated with a single measure of utility (or its negative, generalised cost) for each alternative mode, route (or destination etc.) and in such models it is clear that the elasticity they yield is directly proportional to the scale that multiplies the utility of the alternatives. Obtaining an acceptable value for elasticity is then a matter of obtaining a suitable value for that scale, conditional on the structure of the model. However, it is generally known that when statistical estimates are made of the coefficients of a model the value of the model scale is inversely proportional to the error with which utility is measured. There is therefore an apparent paradox that an improvement to the model, i.e. a reduction in error, hence an increase in the model scale parameter, seems to indicate an increase in elasticity. It cannot be the case that the quality of the model affects the behaviour of the population! The paper presents a resolution of this apparent paradox, which is analysed in terms of the distribution of the utility function among the population. When a model is improved, although the error is reduced, the variance of the measured part of the utility is increased and it is shown that, ceteris paribus, this implies a reduction in elasticity that balances the increase caused by the increase in model scale. The basic mechanism is quite simple, though the details can be complicated for particular model types. The functioning of the effect is illustrated by models estimated and applied on simulated data. The insights offered by the paper are expected to be of help to analysts trying to understand and explain the behaviour of their models. In particular, issues have often arisen when the scale of models based on Stated Preference data are calibrated to Revealed Preference data, when it can be difficult to understand the implications of the calibration for the predicted elasticities. For the covering abstract see ITRD E145999
Determinants of Capital Structure in Jordan Industrial Sector

Purpose: This research aims to examine the managerâ€™s behaviour about the capital structure adjustment in relation to the bankruptcy risk, profitability and the asset tangibility. Design/methodology/approach: Data of all industrial sectors of Jordan from the period of 2009-2011 is used for this research. Simple linear regression model is used for data analysis along with the descriptive stats. Findings: High survival probability (low bankruptcy risk) and profitability is positively related with the capital structure (debt equity ratio) but asset tangibility is negatively related with the capital structure. Originality: Significant strength of effect of bankruptcy risk is defined in this paper so that financial analysts and investors can have information about the chances of bankruptcy of the firms in industrial sector in Jordan. This study is creating value in the literature by considering the factor of risk for the firms in the developing country. This study explains the capital structure maintained by the managers by considering the bankruptcy risk and how the profitability and asset tangibility are contributing to the capital structure formation. This paper also gives information to the analysts and investors about the agency problem by considering the behavior of managers regarding debt equity mix.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker and Brain Biopsy Findings in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Background The significance of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neuroinflammation in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. Objective To investigate the role of soluble APP (sAPP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) isoforms, proinflammatory cytokines, and biomarkers of neuronal damage in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in relation to brain biopsy Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) findings. Methods The study population comprised 102 patients with possible NPH with cortical brain biopsies, ventricular and lumbar CSF samples, and DNA available. The final clinical diagnoses were: 53 iNPH (91% shunt-responders), 26 AD (10 mixed iNPH+AD), and 23 others. Biopsy samples were immunostained against Aβ and HPτ. CSF levels of AD-related biomarkers (Aβ42, p-tau, total tau), non-AD-related Aβ isoforms (Aβ38, Aβ40), sAPP isoforms (sAPPα, sAPPβ), proinflammatory cytokines (several interleukins (IL), interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and biomarkers of neuronal damage (neurofilament light and myelin basic protein) were measured. All patients were genotyped for APOE. Results Lumbar CSF levels of sAPPα were lower (p<0.05) in patients with shunt-responsive iNPH compared to non-iNPH patients. sAPPβ showed a similar trend (p = 0.06). CSF sAPP isoform levels showed no association to Aβ or HPτ in the brain biopsy. Quantified Aβ load in the brain biopsy showed a negative correlation with CSF levels of Aβ42 in ventricular (r = −0.295, p = 0.003) and lumbar (r = −0.356, p = 0.01) samples, while the levels of Aβ38 and Aβ40 showed no correlation. CSF levels of proinflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of neuronal damage did not associate to the brain biopsy findings, diagnosis, or shunt response. Higher lumbar/ventricular CSF IL-8 ratios (p<0.001) were seen in lumbar samples collected after ventriculostomy compared to the samples collected before the procedure. Conclusions The role of sAPP isoforms in iNPH seems to be independent from the amyloid cascade. No neuroinflammatory background was observed in iNPH or AD.
On Graph-Theoretic Identifications of Adinkras, Supersymmetry Representations and Superfields

In this paper, we discuss off-shell representations of N-extended supersymmetry in one dimension, i.e. N-extended supersymmetric quantum mechanics, and following earlier work on the subject, we codify them in terms of graphs called Adinkras. This framework provides a method of generating all Adinkras with the same topology, and so also all the corresponding irreducible supersymmetric multiplets. We develop some graph theoretic techniques to understand these diagrams in terms of a relatively small amount of information, namely, at what heights various vertices of the graph should be "hung. " We then show how Adinkras that are the graphs of N-dimensional cubes can be obtained for superfields satisfying constraints that involve superderivatives. This dramatically widens the range of supermultiplets that can be described using the superspace formalism and also organizes them. Other topologies for Adinkras are possible, and we show that it is reasonable that these are also the result of constraining superfields using superderivatives. We arrange the family of Adinkras with an N-cubical topology, and so also the sequence of corresponding irreducible supersymmetric multiplets, in a cyclic sequence, which we call the main sequence. We produce the N = 1 and N = 2 main sequences in detail, and indicate some aspects of the situation for higher N.
Perceptions of Non-governmental Organizations and Socio-economic Progress: The Case of Four Latin American Countries

This article identifies multiple roles and functions of non-governmental organizations as perceived by various stakeholders. The primary purpose of the study on which this article is based was to test the theory of community capacity that states that social capital, human capital, and organizational resources available to the community are predictors of its collective ability. The methodology for this article included secondary data analysis from a survey and qualitative study conducted to assess the effectiveness of Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) Internationals’ food security programs. The four Latin American countries in which the study was done are Peru, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Honduras. The study relied on a survey that was administered to approximately 1,200 heads of household, 300 from each of the four countries. It also relied on a qualitative component that drew from eight focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews. The experimental and comparison groups were each composed of approximately 150 subjects per country; the experimental group participated in the food security programs of ADRA International while the comparison group had not received any food security services. Many study participants reported the perception that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are more effective and efficient than the agencies of their respective governments in responding to disasters and poverty. Most study participants also shared the perception that they have progressed economically as a result of the development services they received from ADRA international. They expressed strong support for International NGOs in these four Latin American countries. This study provides a base level empirical model for testing theses with respect to the neo-liberal perspective on non-governmental organizations. However, the researchers believe that a test of the neoliberal economic model calls for a larger and diverse sample of International Non-Governmental organizations located in randomly selected developing countries.