Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child abuse predicts adult PTSD symptoms among individuals diagnosed with intellectual disabilities

Prior research has shown that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are more likely to experience child abuse as well as other forms of traumatic or negative events later in life compared to the general population. Little is known however, about the association of these experiences with adult mental health in intellectually disabled individuals. The present study aimed to assess whether child abuse in families and institutions as well as other types of adverse life events, were associated with current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in individuals with ID. We conducted clinical interviews which included standardized self-report measures for childhood abuse, PTSD, and depression in an unselected sample of 56 persons with a medical diagnosis of ID who were attending a specialized welfare center. The frequency of traumatic experiences was very high, with physical and emotional child abuse being the most common trauma types. 87% of the persons reported at least one aversive experience on the family violence spectrum, and 50% of the sample reported a violent physical attack later in adulthood. 25% were diagnosed with PTSD and almost 27% had a critical score on the depression scale. Physical and emotional child abuse was positively correlated with the amount of institutional violence and the number of general traumatic events, whereas childhood sexual abuse was related to the experience of intimate partner violence in adult life. A linear regression model revealed child abuse in the family to be the only significant independent predictor of PTSD symptom severity. The current findings underscore the central role of child maltreatment in the increased risk of further victimization and in the development of mental health problems in adulthood in intellectually disabled individuals. Our data have important clinical implications and demonstrate the need for targeted prevention and intervention programs that are tailored to the specific needs of children and adults with intellectual disability.
Dissecting the role of the Tir:Nck and Tir:IRTKS/IRSp53 signalling pathways in vivo

Attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions and actin polymerization, the hallmark of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infections, are dependent on the effector Tir. Phosphorylation of TirEPEC/CR Y474/1 leads to recruitment of Nck and neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (N‐WASP) and strong actin polymerization in cultured cells. TirEPEC/CR also contains an Asn‐Pro‐Tyr (NPY454/1) motif, which triggers weak actin polymerization. In EHEC the NPY458 actin polymerization pathway is amplified by TccP/EspFU, which is recruited to Tir via IRSp53 and/or insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate (IRTKS). Here we used C. rodentium to investigate the different Tir signalling pathways in vivo. Following infection with wild‐type C. rodentium IRTKS, but not IRSp53, was recruited to the bacterial attachment sites. Similar results were seen after infection of human ileal explants with EHEC. Mutating Y471 or Y451 in TirCR abolished recruitment of Nck and IRTKS respectively, but did not affect recruitment of N‐WASP or A/E lesion formation. This suggests that despite their crucial role in actin polymerization in cultured cells the Tir:Nck and Tir:IRTKS pathways are not essential for N‐WASP recruitment or A/E lesion formation in vivo. Importantly, wild‐type C. rodentium out‐competed the tir tyrosine mutants during mixed infections. These results uncouple the Tir:Nck and Tir:IRTKS pathways from A/E lesion formation in vivo but assign them an important in vivo role.
Exotic Plant Infestation Is Associated with Decreased Modularity and Increased Numbers of Connectors in Mixed-Grass Prairie Pollination Networks

The majority of pollinating insects are generalists whose lifetimes overlap flowering periods of many potentially suitable plant species. Such generality is instrumental in allowing exotic plant species to invade pollination networks. The particulars of how existing networks change in response to an invasive plant over the course of its phenology are not well characterized, but may shed light on the probability of long-term effects on plant-pollinator interactions and the stability of network structure. Here we describe changes in network topology and modular structure of infested and non-infested networks during the flowering season of the generalist non-native flowering plant, Cirsium arvense in mixed-grass prairie at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. Objectives were to compare network-level effects of infestation as they propagate over the season in infested and non-infested (with respect to C. arvense) networks. We characterized plant-pollinator networks on 5 non-infested and 7 infested 1-ha plots during 4 sample periods that collectively covered the length of C. arvense flowering period. Two other abundantly-flowering invasive plants were present during this time: Melilotus officinalis had highly variable floral abundance in both C. arvense-infested and non-infested plots and Convolvulus arvensis, which occurred almost exclusively in infested plots and peaked early in the season. Modularity, including roles of individual species, and network topology were assessed for each sample period as well as in pooled infested and non-infested networks. Differences in modularity and network metrics between infested and non-infested networks were limited to the third and fourth sample periods, during flower senescence of C. arvense and the other invasive species; generality of pollinators rose concurrently, suggesting rewiring of the network and a lag effect of earlier floral abundance. Modularity was lower and number of connectors higher in infested networks, whether they were assessed in individual sample periods or pooled into infested and non-infested networks over the entire blooming period of C. arvense. Connectors typically did not reside within the same modules as C. arvense, suggesting that effects of the other invasive plants may also influence the modularity results, and that effects of infestation extend to co-flowering native plants. We conclude that the presence of abundantly flowering invasive species is associated with greater network stability due to decreased modularity, but whether this is advantageous for the associated native plant-pollinator communities depends on the nature of perturbations they experience.
THE EFFECT OF TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILL THROUGH PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUE TOWARD STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL IN STKIP ADZKIA PADANG

Abstract : The Effect Of Teaching Critical Thinking Skill Through Problem Solving Technique Toward Students’ Writing Skill In Stkip Adzkia Padang . This research was aimed to find out the effect of teaching Critical Thinking Skill through Problem Solving technique toward students’ writing skill of Analytical Exposition text in STKIP Adzkia Padang. This research was a quasi-experimental research. It was conducted at STKIP Adzkia Padang. The population of this research was the students at fifth semester of PGSD which consisted of three classes in academic year 2014/2015 who was totally ninety two students. The instrument that was used for this research was writing. T-test analysis was used in analyzing the data. The result of this research revealed that: the students who were taught by Critical thinking Skill through Problem Solving Technique were better than students who were taught by brainstorming technique toward students’ writing skill. Based on findings, it was be concluded that Critical Thinking skill through Problem Solving technique gave significant effect on students’ writing skill. Key w ords : Critical Thinking Skill through Problem Solving Technique, Writing Skill
Nuclear Factor I-C Is Essential for Odontogenic Cell Proliferation and Odontoblast Differentiation during Tooth Root Development*

Our previous studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor I-C (NFI-C) null mice developed short molar roots that contain aberrant odontoblasts and abnormal dentin formation. Based on these findings, we performed studies to elucidate the function of NFI-C in odontoblasts. Initial studies demonstrated that aberrant odontoblasts become dissociated and trapped in an osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. Abnormal odontoblasts exhibit strong bone sialoprotein expression but a decreased level of dentin sialophosphoprotein expression when compared with wild type odontoblasts. Loss of Nfic results in an increase in p-Smad2/3 expression in aberrant odontoblasts and pulp cells in the subodontoblastic layer in vivo and primary pulp cells from Nfic-deficient mice in vitro. Cell proliferation analysis of both cervical loop and ectomesenchymal cells of the Nfic-deficient mice revealed significantly decreased proliferative activity compared with wild type mice. In addition, Nfic-deficient primary pulp cells showed increased expression of p21 and p16 but decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, strongly suggesting cell growth arrest caused by a lack of Nfic activity. Analysis of the pulp and abnormal dentin in Nfic-deficient mice revealed an increase in apoptotic activity. Further, Nfic-deficient primary pulp cells exhibited an increase in caspase-8 and -3 activation, whereas the cleaved form of Bid was hardly detected. These results indicate that the loss of Nfic leads to the suppression of odontogenic cell proliferation and differentiation and induces apoptosis of aberrant odontoblasts during root formation, thereby contributing to the formation of short roots.
STUDI MENGENAI BRAND COMMUNICATION, BRAND IMAGE DAN BRAND TRUST SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BRAND LOYALTY PADA PRODUK HAND AND BODY LOTION MEREK CITRA

Brand loyalty is a major element of an industry to achieve competitive advantages. The existence of brand loyalty help the company to reduce marketing costs and maximize revenue. The main focus of this research is the issue that the brand loyalty of Hand and Body Lotion Citra continues to decline. Indications of brand loyalty can be seen from the percentage of brand share and brand value. The purpose of this research is to analyze the indirect effect of brand communication toward brand loyalty of Hand and Body Lotion Citra trough brand image and brand trust as the intervening variable. The sampling method used in this research is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Samples were collected from 100 female with age 15-35 years old in Semarang who always use Hand and Body Lotion Citra. Collected data were analyzed with several tests, such as: validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, goodness of fit test using IBM SPSS 23 for windows and sobel test. The result showed in the classical testing assumption, the regression model is normally distribution and heteroscedasticity does not occur. This research explain the relationship of brand communication has a positive significant effect on brand loyalty through brand trust as intervening variable. The results of research also indicate that relationship between brand communication on brand loyalty becomes stronger when mediated with brand image and brand trust variables simultaneously.
Impact of interpersonal trauma on the social functioning of adults with first-episode psychosis.

BACKGROUND Social functioning is an important treatment outcome for psychosis, and yet, we know little about its relationship to trauma despite high rates of trauma in people with psychosis. Childhood trauma is likely to disrupt the acquisition of interpersonal relatedness skills including the desire for affiliation and thus lead to impaired social functioning in adulthood. AIMS We hypothesized that childhood trauma would be a predictor of poor social functioning for adults with psychosis and that further trauma in adulthood would moderate this relationship. METHOD A first-episode psychosis sample aged 15-65 years (N = 233) completed measures of social functioning (Lehman's Quality of Life Interview and Strauss Carpenter Functioning Scale) and trauma (Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey), as well as clinical assessments. RESULTS Childhood trauma (any type) was associated with poorer premorbid functioning and was experienced by 61% of our sample. There were no associations with clinical symptoms. Interpersonal trauma in childhood was a significant predictor of social functioning satisfaction in adulthood, but this was not the case for interpersonal trauma in adulthood. However, 45% of adults who reported childhood interpersonal trauma also experienced adulthood interpersonal trauma. CONCLUSION Our results emphasize the importance of early relationship experience such as interpersonal trauma, on the social functioning of adults with psychosis. We recommend extending our research by examining the impact of interpersonal childhood trauma on occupational functioning in psychosis.
Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive PCR-ELISA System for Detection of Schistosoma Infection in Feces

Background A PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) was developed to overcome the need for sensitive techniques for the efficient diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in endemic settings with low parasitic burden. Methodology/Principal Findings This system amplifies a 121-base pair tandem repeat DNA sequence, immobilizes the resultant 5′ biotinylated product on streptavidin-coated strip-well microplates and uses anti-fluorescein antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase to detect the hybridized fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide probe. The detection limit of the Schistosoma PCR-ELISA system was determined to be 1.3 fg of S. mansoni genomic DNA (less than the amount found in a single cell) and estimated to be 0.15 S. mansoni eggs per gram of feces (fractions of an egg). The system showed good precision and genus specificity since the DNA target was found in seven Schistosoma DNA samples: S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. bovis, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum, S. magrebowiei and S. rhodaini. By evaluating 206 patients living in an endemic area in Brazil, the prevalence of S. mansoni infection was determined to be 18% by examining 12 Kato-Katz slides (41.7 mg/smear, 500 mg total) of a single fecal sample from each person, while the Schistosoma PCR-ELISA identified a 30% rate of infection using 500-mg of the same fecal sample. When considering the Kato-Katz method as the reference test, artificial sensitivity and specificity rates of the PCR-ELISA system were 97.4% and 85.1%, respectively. The potential for estimating parasitic load by DNA detection in feces was assessed by comparing absorbance values and eggs per gram of feces, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.700 (P<0.0001). Conclusions/Significance This study reports the development and field evaluation of a sensitive Schistosoma PCR-ELISA, a system that may serve as an alternative for diagnosing Schistosoma infection.
Colour fluctuations in grapheme-colour synaesthesia : The effect of mood and mood disorders

Synaesthesia is a condition that gives rise to usual secondary sensations (e.g., colours are perceived when listening to music). These unusual sensations tend to be reported as being stable throughout adulthood (Simner & Logie, 2007) and the consistency of these experiences over time is taken as the behavioural hallmark of genuineness. Our study looked at the influence of mood states on synaesthetic colours in synaesthesia. In Experiment 1 we recruited grapheme-colour synaesthetes (who experience colours from letters/digits) and elicited their synaesthetic colours, as well as their mood and depression states, in two different testing sessions. In each session, participants completed the PANAS-X (Watson & Clark, 1999) and the BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), and chose their synaesthetic colours for letters A-Z from an interactive colour palette. We found that negative mood significantly decreased the luminance of synaesthetic colours. In Experiment 2 we showed that synaesthetic colours were also less luminant for synaesthetes with anxiety disorder, versus those without. Additional evidence suggests that colour saturation, too, may inversely correlate with depressive symptoms. These results show that fluctuations in mood within both a normal and clinical range influence synaesthetic colours over time. This has implications for our understanding about the longitudinal stability of synaesthetic experiences.
Steering by Gazing: An Efficient Biomimetic Control Strategy for Visually Guided Micro Aerial Vehicles

OSCAR II is a twin-engine aerial demonstrator equipped with a monocular visual system, which manages to keep its gaze and its heading steadily fixed on a target (i.e., a dark edge or a bar) in spite of the severe random perturbations applied to its body via a ducted fan. The tethered robot stabilizes its gaze on the basis of two oculomotor reflexes (ORs) inspired by studies on animals: 1) a visual-fixation reflex (VFR) and 2) a vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). One of the key features of this robot is that the eye is decoupled mechanically from the body about the vertical (i.e., yaw) axis. To meet the conflicting requirements of high accuracy and fast ocular responses, a miniature (2.4 g) voice-coil motor (VCM) was used, which enables the eye to make a change of orientation with an unusually short rise time (19 ms). The robot, which was equipped with a high-bandwidth (7 Hz) ¿VOR,¿ which is based on an inertial microrate gyro, is capable of accurate visual fixation as long as there is light. The robot is also able to pursue a moving target in the presence of erratic gusts of wind. Here, we present the two interdependent control schemes driving the eye in the robot and the robot in space with no knowledge of the robot's angular position. This ¿steering-by-gazing¿ control strategy, which is implemented on this lightweight (100 g) miniature aerial robot, demonstrates the effectiveness of this biomimetic visual/inertial heading control strategy.
Alternating projections and coupling slope

We consider the method of alternating projections for finding a point in the intersection of two possibly nonconvex closed sets. We present a local linear convergence result that makes no regularity assumptions on either set (unlike previous results), while at the same time weakening standard transversal intersection assumptions. The proof grows out of a study of the slope of a natural nonsmooth coupling function. When the two sets are semi-algebraic and bounded, we also prove subsequence convergence to the intersection with no transversality assumption.
Bursts of CO2 released during freezing offer a new perspective on avoidance of winter embolism in trees

Background and Aims Woody plants can suffer from winter embolism as gas bubbles are formed in the water-conducting conduits when freezing occurs: gases are not soluble in ice, and the bubbles may expand and fill the conduits with air during thawing. A major assumption usually made in studies of winter embolism formation is that all of the gas dissolved in the xylem sap is trapped within the conduits and forms bubbles during freezing. The current study tested whether this assumption is actually valid, or whether efflux of gases from the stem during freezing reduces the occurrence of embolism. Methods CO2 efflux measurements were conducted during freezing experiments for saplings of three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and three Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees under laboratory conditions, and the magnitudes of the freezing-related bursts of CO2 released from the stems were analysed using a previously published mechanistic model of CO2 production, storage, diffusion and efflux from a tree stem. The freezing-related bursts of CO2 released from a mature Scots pine tree growing in field conditions were also measured and analysed. Key Results Substantial freezing-related bursts of CO2 released from the stem were found to occur during both the laboratory experiments and under field conditions. In the laboratory, the fraction of CO2 released from the stem ranged between 27 and 96 % of the total CO2 content within the stem. Conclusions All gases dissolved in the xylem sap are not trapped within the ice in the stem during freezing, as has previously been assumed, thus adding a new dimension to the understanding of winter embolism formation. The conduit water volume not only determines the volume of bubbles formed during freezing, but also the efficiency of gas efflux out of the conduit during the freezing process.
A Theoretical Framework on the Ideal Number of Classifiers for Online Ensembles in Data Streams

A priori determining the ideal number of component classifiers of an ensemble is an important problem. The volume and velocity of big data streams make this even more crucial in terms of prediction accuracies and resource requirements. There is a limited number of studies addressing this problem for batch mode and none for online environments. Our theoretical framework shows that using the same number of independent component classifiers as class labels gives the highest accuracy. We prove the existence of an ideal number of classifiers for an ensemble, using the weighted majority voting aggregation rule. In our experiments, we use two state-of-the-art online ensemble classifiers with six synthetic and six real-world data streams. The violation of providing independent component classifiers for our theoretical framework makes determining the exact ideal number of classifiers nearly impossible. We suggest upper bounds for the number of classifiers that gives the highest accuracy. An important implication of our study is that comparing online ensemble classifiers should be done based on these ideal values, since comparing based on a fixed number of classifiers can be misleading.
Effect of Student Participation in Business Center, Parent's Role, and Self-Efficiency to Entrepreneurship Intention Students of SMK

The purpose of this research (1) condition of students’ participation in the business center, parental role, self-efficacy, and student entrepreneur willingness, (2) influence of student participation in the business center, parental role, and self-efficacy partially to student entrepreneur willingness, (3) the influence of participation in the business center, parental role, and self-efficacy on student entrepreneurship willingness, and (4) difference entrepreneur willingness for the first year and second-year students. This study is a comparative causal and technique of collecting data using questionnaire. The result of this research (1) students’ participation in Business Center have high categorized and positively and significantly influence to willingness, (2) parental role is a very high categorical student and have the positive and significant influence to student entrepreneurship willingness, (3) self-efficacy of the high categorized student, but not positively and significantly influence to intent entrepreneurship, (4) willingness of entrepreneurship is very high categorize, (5) students’ participation in Business Center and parental role simultaneously has positively and significantly influence on willingness, (6) there is a difference of willingness of student entrepreneur for the first year students with second year students, (7) there is no difference in student participation in Business Center for the first year and second year students, (8) there is a difference of parental role of first year and second year students, and (9) there no difference of self-efficacy for the first year with second year students.