Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPATIALLY RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANET HR 8799 c

HR 8799 is a multi-planet system detected in direct imaging, with three companions known so far. Here, we present spatially resolved Very Large Telescope/NACO 3.88–4.10 μm spectroscopy of the middle planet, HR 8799 c, which has an estimated mass of ∼10 MJup, temperature of ∼1100 K, and projected separation of 38 AU. The spectrum shows some differences in the continuum from existing theoretical models, particularly longwards of 4 μm, implying that detailed cloud structure or non-equilibrium conditions may play an important role in the physics of young exoplanetary atmospheres.
l-Arginine Supplementation and Metabolism in Asthma

l-Arginine, the amino acid substrate for nitric oxide synthase, has been tested as a therapeutic intervention in a variety of chronic diseases and is commonly used as a nutritional supplement. In this study, we hypothesized that a subset of moderate to severe persistent asthma patients would benefit from supplementation with l-arginine by transiently increasing nitric oxide levels, resulting in bronchodilation and a reduction in inflammation. The pilot study consisted of a 3 month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of l-arginine (0.05 g/kg twice daily) in patients with moderate to severe asthma. We measured spirometry, exhaled breath nitric oxide, serum arginine metabolites, questionnaire scores, daily medication use and PEFR with the primary endpoint being the number of minor exacerbations at three months. Interim analysis of the 20 subjects showed no difference in the number of exacerbations, exhaled nitric oxide levels or lung function between groups, though participants in the l-arginine group had higher serum l-arginine at day 60 (2.0 ± 0.6 × 10−3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2 × 10−3 μmol/L, p < 0.05), ornithine at day 30 (2.4 ± 0.9 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 μmol/L serum, p < 0.05) and ADMA at day 30 (6.0 ± 1.5 × 10−1 vs. 2.6 ± 0.6 × 10−1 μmol/L serum, p < 0.05) on average compared to the placebo group. The study was terminated prematurely. Supplementing asthma subjects with l-arginine increases plasma levels; whether subgroups might benefit from such supplementation requires further study.
Beliefs versus feelings: A comparison of personal models and depression for predicting multiple outcomes in diabetes

Objective. To evaluate the relative contributions of personal models and depression to the prediction of multiple outcomes in diabetes. Design and methods. Participants (N = 111) in a randomized trial of an intervention to increase dietary self-management for diabetes patients were assessed for individual differences on three components of personal models (Seriousness, Treatment Effectiveness and Control)and depression on two occasions over a 3-month period. The predictive utility of personal models versus depression was evaluated for dietary, physiologic and quality-of-life outcomes, controlling for baseline levels. Results. Personal models and depression were relatively stable over 3 months (r = .56-.70). Personal models were predictive of outcomes in each category (eating patterns, p < .01; glycosylated haemoglobin, p < .01; physical functioning, p < .05; mental health, p < .05), whereas depression was only predictive of the mental health component of quality of life (p < .01). Conclusions. Personal models appeared to be stronger and more consistent predictors of outcome than depression. The implications of these findings were discussed in terms of the self-regulatory model and interventions to improve diabetes self-management.
Conjunctival Flap Covering Combined with Antiviral and Steroid Therapy for Severe Herpes Simplex Virus Necrotizing Stromal Keratitis

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) necrotizing stromal keratitis is a common type of herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). Antiviral medication alone cannot control the disease, and corticosteroid eye drops may aggravate the ulcer and result in corneal perforation. Amniotic membrane transplantation effectively treats superficial corneal ulcer resulting from necrotizing stromal HSK. However, the efficacy of this approach seems to be limited for more serious cases. This study presented the clinical treatment of severe HSV necrotizing stromal keratitis (ulcer depth greater than half of the corneal stroma) by conjunctival flap covering surgery in 25 patients (25 eyes) combined with antivirus and corticosteroid treatment at Shandong Eye Hospital from January 2007 to December 2013. Clinical results showed that the mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from preoperative 20/333 to postoperative 20/40 (P < 0.05). All patients recovered ocular surface stabilization. There was recurrence in two eyes, which was cured with antiviral medication. Conjunctival flap covering combined with antivirus and corticosteroid treatment is effective in treating severe HSV necrotizing stromal keratitis.
Searching for the sequential line-up advantage: A distinctiveness explanation

Gronlund (2005) proposed that one factor leading to a sequential line-up advantage could be the greater likelihood of recollecting distinctive information about a perpetrator when using a sequential line-up. Since then questions have been raised about the robustness of the sequential advantage and the possible moderating role of line-up fairness and suspect position. We manipulated these factors as well as suspect/target distinctiveness in two experiments. A sequential advantage occurred only after encoding a distinctive target, both for biased line-ups (Experiment 1) and fair line-ups (Experiment 2). Remember-Know results were consistent with the greater use of a recall-to-reject strategy in target-absent sequential line-ups. This provided support for the first process-based explanation of the sequential line-up advantage. No consistent position effects were found, but this might be due to the line-up recognition paradigm used, in which each participant viewed a line-up for each of several targets. Theory-based explorations of eyewitness identification are necessary to continue to delineate the underpinnings of the sequential line-up advantage.
Ovarian secretion of oestradiol, oestrone, 20-dihydroprogesterone and progesterone during the oestrous cycle of the guinea-pig.

to trauma (Loeb, 1907), existence of the oestrous cycle (Stockard & Papanicolaou, 1917) and the ability of the uterus to modify luteal function (Loeb, 1923) involved the guinea-pig as the experimental animal. Several studies have delineated the pattern of progesterone secretion during the oestrous cycle of guinea-pigs (Heap, Perry & Rowlands, 1967; Feder, Resko & Goy, 1968; Challis, Heap & Illingworth, 1971; Blatchley, Donovan, Horton & Poyser, 1972) but comparative changes in the secretion of oestrogens have received very little attention. Challis et al. (1971) attempted to measure total
12F-5 Transmission of Acoustic Plane Waves through Multilayered Piezoelectric Plates

Developed by Tan in the case of anisotropic elastic multilayered materials, the recursive hybrid compliance-stiffness matrix method is here extended to the of plane wave propagation in multilayered piezoelectric media. Based on the Stroh formalism, the hybrid matrix of each layer is determined from the eigen-solutions of the system matrix. A recursive algorithm is then employed to deduce the global hybrid matrix of the multilayer structure. It allows the transmission coefficients of plane waves propagating through an immersed plate to be computed. To be consistent with the literature, they are expressed through the admittance matrix. A specific application is made on the modeling of a partial depoling of a PZT ceramic plate leading to a bi-layered poled/unpoled piezoelectric structure.
Optimal Power and Rate Control for Minimal Average Delay: The Single-User Case

Contemporary wireless systems combine aspects of network theory such as scheduling, throughput, and delay as well as information theory aspects such as capacity, coding, and power control. Design of such systems requires joint optimization of both network and physical layers. In this paper, we analyze a single-user communication system composed of a transmitter preceded by a queue used for retransmissions, Gaussian block-fading channel, and a receiver. The system average delay is optimized by using combined power/rate control under average power constraints. Dynamic programming is used for calculating the optimized policies using numerical analysis as well as analytic analysis for asymptotically large buffer size. Asymptotic results are obtained for all combinations of fixed or variable power and rate controls. The most important result extends the "water-filling" result for systems with average delay constraint
A Bag-of-Features Framework to Classify Time Series

Time series classification is an important task with many challenging applications. A nearest neighbor (NN) classifier with dynamic time warping (DTW) distance is a strong solution in this context. On the other hand, feature-based approaches have been proposed as both classifiers and to provide insight into the series, but these approaches have problems handling translations and dilations in local patterns. Considering these shortcomings, we present a framework to classify time series based on a bag-of-features representation (TSBF). Multiple subsequences selected from random locations and of random lengths are partitioned into shorter intervals to capture the local information. Consequently, features computed from these subsequences measure properties at different locations and dilations when viewed from the original series. This provides a feature-based approach that can handle warping (although differently from DTW). Moreover, a supervised learner (that handles mixed data types, different units, etc.) integrates location information into a compact codebook through class probability estimates. Additionally, relevant global features can easily supplement the codebook. TSBF is compared to NN classifiers and other alternatives (bag-of-words strategies, sparse spatial sample kernels, shapelets). Our experimental results show that TSBF provides better results than competitive methods on benchmark datasets from the UCR time series database.
Informant gender differences in parental reports of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder behavior in boys and girls

Childhood AD/HD assessments rely almost exclusively on maternal report of children's behavior, thereby leaving open the possibility that fathers might report AD/HD behaviors differently. Despite this possibility, true comparisons of mothers' and fathers' reports are difficult to ascertain given that commonly used assessment procedures were developed primarily from mothers' reports and the parent, child, and family variables that may contribute to differences in reporting are often not taken into account. In response to these concerns, the current study explored mothers' and fathers' ratings of children displaying AD/HD behaviors. In the first phase of the study, two videos, one of a boy and one of a girl displaying comparable AD/HD and normative behavior, were developed and standardized. In the second phase, 50 mother-father dyads of children with behavioral problems rated the videos. Primary analyses did not support the first hypothesis that mothers would rate AD/HD behaviors at higher levels than fathers. Although no significant differences emerged, trends revealed that fathers rated the boy and girl more severely than mothers. Mothers and fathers also rated the girl's AD/HD symptoms more severely than the boy's symptoms. Additionally, parent and family variables, including parents' knowledge of AD/HD, marital dissatisfaction, perceptions of their own child's AD/HD behavior, and the recreational contexts in which parents interact with their children were associated with parents' perceptions of an unfamiliar child's AD/HD behavior. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
The profile of mood states and athletic performance: Two meta-analyses

Abstract The present study comprised two meta-analyses of published studies that used the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to investigate relationships between mood and athletic achievement (n = 13) and between mood and performance outcome (n = 16). Results showed that effect sizes (ESs) for the level of achievement metaanalysis were minimal (Weighted Mean ES = .10, SD = .07), a finding consistent with a previous meta-analysis by Rowley, Landers, Kyllo, and Etnier (1995). Larger effects were found for the performance outcome meta-analysis (Weighted Mean ES = .31, SD = .12). Effects were moderate for vigor, confusion, and depression, small for anger and tension, and very small for fatigue. All effects were in the direction predicted by Morgan's (1985) Mental Health Model. Effects were larger in sports of short duration, in sports involving open skills, and where performance was judged using self-referenced criteria. Findings suggest that the POMS has utility in the prediction of performance outcome but not in the prediction of level of achievement.
Space–Time Coding for Multiuser Ultra-Wideband Communications

In this paper, we present the construction of full rate, fully diverse, and totally real space-time (ST) codes for ultra-wideband (UWB) transmissions. In particular, we construct two families of codes adapted to real carrierless UWB communications that employ pulse position modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, or a combination of the two. The first family encodes adjacent symbols and is constructed from totally real cyclic division algebras. The second family encodes the pulses used to convey one information symbol, and permits achieving high performance levels with reduced complexity. The first family of codes achieves only a fraction of the coding gain of the second one. Moreover, these coding gains are independent from the size of the transmitted constellation. For time-hopping multiple-access channels, the amplitude spreading code associated with the second family of codes is taken to be user-specific. In this case, a simple design criterion is proposed, and spreading matrices constructed according to this criterion permit reducing the level of multiple-access interference (MAI). Simulations performed over realistic indoor UWB channels verify the theoretical claims and show high performance levels and better immunity against MAI
A microRNA feedback loop regulates global microRNA abundance during aging

Expression levels of many microRNAs (miRNAs) change during aging, notably declining globally in a number of organisms and tissues across taxa. However, little is known about the mechanisms or the biological relevance for this change. We investigated the network of genes that controls miRNA transcription and processing during C. elegans aging. We found that miRNA biogenesis genes are highly networked with transcription factors and aging-associated miRNAs. In particular, miR-71, known to influence life span and itself up-regulated during aging, represses alg-1/Argonaute expression post-transcriptionally during aging. Increased ALG-1 abundance in mir-71 loss-of-function mutants led to globally increased miRNA expression. Interestingly, these mutants demonstrated widespread mRNA expression dysregulation and diminished levels of variability both in gene expression and in overall life span. Thus, the progressive molecular decline often thought to be the result of accumulated damage over an organism's life may be partially explained by a miRNA-directed mechanism of age-associated decline.
THE VIEW FROM HERE

This paper posits journalists as cartographers who, through their reporting, produce a news geography which maps the world and sketches the contours and connections of their communities within that world. Employing a methodology adapted to the analysis of newspaper sites on the World Wide Web, this paper reports on an intensive news-flow study of the on-line editions of Canada's three national newspapers—the Globe and Mail, the National Post and Le Devoir—to determine whether these newspapers are taking advantage of the Internet's technological capacity to expand their news geographies beyond conventional borders. We argue that not only do these newspapers portray a highly circumscribed world, but they fail to exploit fully even the national space of Canada, thus reinforcing the conventional news value of proximity—physical, cultural or emotional closeness—as a strongly determinant factor in mapping their news worlds.
Power Increases Social Distance

Five experiments investigated the effect of power on social distance. Although increased social distance has been suggested to be an underlying mechanism for a number of the effects of power, there is little empirical evidence directly supporting this claim. Our first three experiments found that power increases social distance toward others. In addition, these studies demonstrated that this effect is (a) mediated by self-sufficiency and (b) moderated by the perceived legitimacy of power—only when power is seen as legitimate, does it increase social distance. The final two studies build off research showing that social distance is linked to decreased altruism and find an interaction between power and legitimacy on willingness to help others. The authors propose that the concept of social distance offers a synthesizing lens that integrates seemingly disparate findings in the power literature and explains how power can both corrupt and elevate.
Student evaluation of teaching quality in higher education: development of an instrument based on 10 Likert‐scales

Students' evaluation of teaching skills has been an important yet controversial tool in the improvement of teaching quality during the last few decades. When searching for an apt student questionnaire to measure instructional skills, it appeared that most existing questionnaires the authors were able to collect are based on a single‐item type of evaluation. Additionally, most of these instruments lack a theoretical foundation and hardly any instrument was tested with modern tests for reliability and validity. The authors managed to create a 31‐item instrument which comprises 10 Likert scales and is based on both the educational theory and empirical data. In this article, they present the different steps in constructing the instrument and discuss its reliability and validity. The results of this study underline the value of the use of a scaling technique in students' evaluation of teacher performance.
Effect of operating conditions on solid substrate fermentation

In this work the effects of environmental parameters on the performance of solid substrate fermentation (SSF) for protein production are studied. These parameters are (i) air flow rate, (ii) inlet air relative humidity, (iii) inlet air temperature, and (iv) the heat transfer coefficient between the outer wall of the fermentor and the air in the incubator. The air flow is supplied to effect cooling of the fermented mass by evaporation of water. A dynamic model is developed, which permits estimation of biomass content, total dry matter, moisture content, and temperature of the fermented matter. The model includes the effects of temperature and moisture content on both the maximum specific growth rate and the maximum attainable biomass content. The results of the simulation are compared with actual experimental data and show good agreement with them. The most important conclusions are that (i) the evaporative cooling of the biomass is very effective for temperature control and (ii) the air flow rate and the heat transfer coefficient have strong effects but they affect the biomass morphology and are not controllable easily. Also, a simple technique for the determination of the optimum temperature and moisture content profile for cell protein production is applied. The simulated biomass production increases considerably employing the optimum temperature and moisture content profiles. The ultimate goal is to implement the determined effects of the environmental parameters on the SSF biomass production and the temperature and moisture variation profiles to effectively control the SSF and optimize the biomass production. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Known Unknowns: Uncertainty Quality in Bayesian Neural Networks

We evaluate the uncertainty quality in neural networks using anomaly detection. We extract uncertainty measures (e.g. entropy) from the predictions of candidate models, use those measures as features for an anomaly detector, and gauge how well the detector differentiates known from unknown classes. We assign higher uncertainty quality to candidate models that lead to better detectors. We also propose a novel method for sampling a variational approximation of a Bayesian neural network, called One-Sample Bayesian Approximation (OSBA). We experiment on two datasets, MNIST and CIFAR10. We compare the following candidate neural network models: Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Dropout, OSBA, and --- for MNIST --- the standard variational approximation. We show that Bayesian Dropout and OSBA provide better uncertainty information than Maximum Likelihood, and are essentially equivalent to the standard variational approximation, but much faster.
Building Communities of Engaged Readers: Reading for pleasure

Reading for pleasure urgently requires a higher profile to raise attainment and increase children’s engagement as self-motivated and socially interactive readers. Building Communities of Engaged Readers highlights the concept of ‘Reading Teachers’ who are not only knowledgeable about texts for children, but are aware of their own reading identities and prepared to share their enthusiasm and understanding of what being a reader means. Sharing the processes of reading with young readers is an innovative approach to developing new generations of readers. Examining the interplay between the ‘will and the skill’ to read, the book distinctively details a reading for pleasure pedagogy and demonstrates that reader engagement is strongly influenced by relationships between children, teachers, families and communities. Importantly it provides compelling evidence that reciprocal reading communities in school encompass: •a shared concept of what it means to be a reader in the 21st century; •considerable teacher and child knowledge of children’s literature and other texts; •pedagogic practices which acknowledge and develop diverse reader identities; •spontaneous ‘inside-text talk’ on the part of all members; •a shift in the focus of control and new social spaces that encourage choice and children’s rights as readers. Written by experts in the literacy field and illustrated throughout with examples from the project schools, it is essential reading for all those concerned with improving young people’s enjoyment of and attainment in reading.