Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffuse axonal injury in mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

OBJECT Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a major complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that leads to functional and psychological deficits. Although DAI is frequently underdiagnosed by conventional imaging modalities, it can be demonstrated using diffusion tensor imaging. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and extent of DAI in patients with mild TBI. METHODS Forty-six patients with mild TBI and 29 healthy volunteers underwent a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol including: dual-spin echo, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2-weighted gradient echo, and diffusion tensor imaging sequences. In 20 of the patients, MR imaging was performed at a mean of 4.05 days after injury. In the remaining 26, MR imaging was performed at a mean of 5.7 years after injury. In each case, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were measured using both whole-brain histograms and regions of interest analysis. No differences in any of the histogram-derived measures were found between patients and control volunteers. Compared with controls, a significant reduction of fractional anisotropy was observed in patients' corpus callosum, internal capsule, and centrum semiovale, and there were significant increases of mean diffusivity in the corpus callosum and internal capsule. Neither histogram-derived nor regional diffusion tensor imaging metrics differed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Although mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy abnormalities in these patients with TBI were too subtle to be detected with the whole-brain histogram analysis, they are present in brain areas that are frequent sites of DAI. Because diffusion tensor imaging changes are present at both early and late time points following injury, they may represent an early indicator and a prognostic measure of subsequent brain damage.
UCB EXPLORATION VIA Q-ENSEMBLES

We show how an ensemble of $Q^*$-functions can be leveraged for more effective exploration in deep reinforcement learning. We build on well established algorithms from the bandit setting, and adapt them to the $Q$-learning setting. We propose an exploration strategy based on upper-confidence bounds (UCB). Our experiments show significant gains on the Atari benchmark.
Saline politics: Local participation and neoliberalism in Australian rural environments

Abstract Participatory approaches to sustainable development have become increasingly popular world‐wide. In Australia, participatory approaches such as landcare and regional catchment management form the basis of rural environmental policy and practice. At the same time, neoliberalist reforms such as market deregulation and withdrawal of state assistance from agriculture have been implemented. Various commentators have suggested that local participatory practices can enable neoliberal reforms by depoliticising rural environmental problems and fragmenting action. This paper explores the intersection of these participatory policy developments and neoliberal reforms through two case studies on the government of salinity in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. From this work, it is apparent that neoliberal reforms result in competition for resources within the state, the projectisation of environmental action, and a hesistance of the state to allocate resources for broader environmental monitoring. This work .
Prospect: a compiler framework for speculative parallelization

Making efficient use of modern multi-core and future many-core CPUs is a major challenge. We describe a new compiler-based platform, Prospect, that supports the parallelization of sequential applications. The underlying approach is a generalization of an existing approach to parallelize runtime checks. The basic idea is to generate two variants of the application: (1) a fast variant having bare bone functionality, and (2) a slow variant with extra functionality. The fast variant is executed sequentially. Its execution is divided into epochs. Each epoch is re-executed by an executor using the slow variant. The approach scales by running the executors on multiple cores in parallel to each other and to the fast variant. We have implemented the Prospect framework to evaluate this approach. Prospect allows custom plug-ins for generating the fast and slow variants. With the help of our novel StackLifter, a process can switch between the fast variant and the slow variant during runtime at arbitrary positions.
A personal statement of philosophy of George and Annemarie Roeper

The Roeper Review was founded in October, 1978, by George, myself, and Ruthan Brodsky as a professional journal in order to create an opportunity for an exchange of ideas about gifted education. We saw it as an additional task in our commitment to young people and their growth. It has served this purpose well and has become a player in the world of ideas in gifted child education without representing a specific point of view. As the years went by, the concepts and theories about gifted child education grew and changed. In fact, there developed a number of different approaches which often seemed in opposition to each other. Because of our commitment to remain open to all points view, it seems to me that our own philosophy— George's and my vision of the gifted child—has not been clearly demonstrated to the readers of Roeper Review. Since this journal bears our name and my husband is no longer here to articulate, I feel a need for readers to be aware of the Roeper philosophy. I want to take this opportunity to clarify our position and explain how it relates to others in the field.
Oceanic rafting by a coastal community

Oceanic rafting is thought to play a fundamental role in assembling the biological communities of isolated coastal ecosystems. Direct observations of this key ecological and evolutionary process are, however, critically lacking. The importance of macroalgal rafting as a dispersal mechanism has remained uncertain, largely owing to lack of knowledge about the capacity of fauna to survive long voyages at sea and successfully make landfall and establish. Here, we directly document the rafting of a diverse assemblage of intertidal organisms across several hundred kilometres of open ocean, from the subantarctic to mainland New Zealand. Multispecies analyses using phylogeographic and ecological data indicate that 10 epifaunal invertebrate species rafted on six large bull kelp specimens for several weeks from the subantarctic Auckland and/or Snares Islands to the Otago coast of New Zealand, a minimum distance of some 400–600 km. These genetic data are the first to demonstrate that passive rafting can enable simultaneous trans-oceanic transport and landfall of numerous coastal taxa.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Viruses Isolated from Chimpanzees with Pathogenic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections

ABSTRACT We have previously described the development of AIDS in a chimpanzee (C499) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the subsequent pathogenic HIV-1 infection in another chimpanzee (C455) transfused with blood from C499 (F. J. Novembre et al., J. Virol. 71:4086–4091, 1997). In the present study, two virus isolates were derived from these animals: HIV-1JCfrom peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of C499, and HIV-1NC from plasma of C455. These virus isolates were used to generate two infectious molecular clones, termed HIV-1JC16 and HIV-1NC7 (JC16 and NC7, respectively). Comparative analyses of the sequences of the two clones showed that they were highly interrelated but distinct. Based on heteroduplex mobility assays, JC16 and NC7 appear to represent dominant viruses in the uncloned stock population. Compared with amino acid sequences of the parental viruses HIV-1SF2, HIV-1LAV-1b, and HIV-1NDK, JC16 and NC7 showed a number of differences, including insertions, deletions, and point mutations spread throughout the genome. However, insertion/deletion footprints in several genes of both JC16 and NC7 suggested that recombination between SF2 and LAV-1b could have occurred, possibly contributing to the generation of a pathogenic virus. Comparative in vitro analyses of the molecular clones and the uncloned stocks of HIV-1JC and HIV-1NC revealed that these viruses had strikingly similar replicative abilities in mitogen-stimulated PBMC and in macrophages. Compared to the SF2 and LAV-1b isolates of HIV-1, HIV-1JC and HIV-1NC isolates were more similar to LAV-1b with respect to the ability to replicate in mitogen-stimulated PBMC and macrophages. These viruses should prove to be useful in mapping determinants of pathogenesis.
A Design Method for Making an LCC Compensation Two-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System More Energy Efficient Than an SS Counterpart

A new design approach is presented in this paper to show that under certain conditions, in a two-coil wireless power transfer system, the double-sided inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensated wireless power transfer (LCC-WPT) system can be more energy efficient than the series-series (SS) compensated wireless power transfer (SS-WPT) system for the same load power, with special attention being paid to the effect that the parasitic coil and capacitor resistances have on the system efficiency. To make a fair comparison between the SS and LCC WPT systems, the direct current (DC) link voltage was adjusted to set equal load power for the two systems whilst using identical transmit and receive coils, coil-to-coil distance and load resistance. The system performance in terms of the system efficiency, the voltage stresses on the components, and the losses in the power devices were analysed for a practical system, comparing the LCC-WPT system and the SS-WPT system with respect to the load resistance. The effect of coil misalignment on the transferred power and efficiency for the two systems was compared. The theoretical proof and the conditions for meeting the objective are derived and practically verified in a two-coil WPT practical prototype, showing good agreement between analysis and experiments.
The Starship Post-Traumatic Amnesia Scale: Does It Predict Outcome After Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Aged 3 to 7 Years?

Abstract This study assesses whether the Starship Post-Traumatic Amnesia scale, developed for children aged 3 to 7 years, can predict neuropsychological impairment and behavioural outcome following mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Participants are 19 children aged from 3 to 7 years with a GCS score of >13, and a PTA of 0–3 days. Neuropsychological outcome is measured by the NEPSY, and behavioural outcome by the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) two months after the TBI. The duration of PTA contributed to the prediction of scores on the NEPSY memory and learning domain. In all cases the longer the duration of PTA, the poorer the memory scores were. The duration of PTA did not contribute to the prediction of NEPSY visuospatial processing or attention and executive functions domain scores, or to any of the CBCL scores. This preliminary study suggests that the Starship PTA scale has good sensitivity for this very young age group, even when the TBI is mild.
Recovery in Serious Mental Illness: A New Wine or Just a New Bottle?

The notion of recovery has become a dominant force in mental health policy, evident in reports of the Surgeon General and President's New Freedom Commission. In both reports, recovery is stipulated as the overarching goalof care and foundation for reforms at state and local levels. Little consensus exists regarding the nature of recovery in mental illness, however, or about the most effective ways to promote it. The authors offer a conceptual framework for distinguishing between various uses of the term, provide a definition of recovery in mental health. and conclude with a discussion of the implications of this concept for meaningful reform.
IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING PRE WEANING PERFORMANCE OF MENGALI SHEEP OF BALOCHISTAN

The objectives of the present study were to analyze different environmental factors affecting pre -weaning growth performance of Mengali sheep. Performance records on 2377 lambs in four flocks maintained at Experimental Station, Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, Quetta (ESC), Mastung, Nushki and Quetta area over a period of 5 years (Jan 2005 to Dec 2009) were analysed. Body weights at birth (BW), 30 days (1MW), 60 days (2MW), 90 days (3MW), 120 days Weaning weight, (WW), and pre-weaning average daily gain (PRADG) were evaluated. Location of flock, year of birth (YOB), season of birth (SOB), type of birth (TOB), sex and their interactions were the fixed effects in the model. The overall average values for BW, 1MW, 2MW, 3MW, WW, and PRADG were found as 3.54±0.37, 7.96±0.91, 11.77±1.83, 15.51±2.86, 19.16±3.23 kg, and 135.00±0.26 g, respectively. Location of flock, sex, and TOB had significant influences (P 0.05) on weights at all ages. Flock kept at ESC (Quetta) location showed better performance for all traits as compared to other flocks. The difference might be attributed to regular supplementation of ration to this flock. Male lambs were heavier than female lambs, and single born lambs were also significantly heavier than twins (P<0.05) at birth. Results reflected that Mengali breed can be improved through selection and better management.
Papillary lesions of the breast: selected diagnostic and management issues

The assessment and categorization of papillary lesions remains one of the most challenging areas in breast pathology. In this review, we will focus on several diagnostic and management issues related to papillary breast lesions that are frequently encountered in daily practice. These include: (i) the distinctions among papillomas with atypia (atypical papillomas), papillomas with ductal carcinoma in situ, and papillary ductal carcinoma in situ; (ii) recent developments in our understanding of encapsulated (‘intracystic’) papillary carcinomas and solid papillary carcinomas; and (iii) the impact of core needle biopsy on management decisions and specimen evaluation. The role of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of these lesions, particularly the role of myoepithelial cell markers, will be emphasized.
Patterns in Cortical Connectivity for Determining Outcomes in Hand Function after Subcortical Stroke

Background and Purpose Previous studies have noted changes in resting-state functional connectivity during motor recovery following stroke. However, these studies always uncover various patterns of motor recovery. Moreover, subgroups of stroke patients with different outcomes in hand function have rarely been studied. Materials and Methods We selected 24 patients who had a subcortical stroke in the left motor pathway and displayed only motor deficits. The patients were divided into two subgroups: completely paralyzed hands (CPH) (12 patients) and partially paralyzed hands (PPH) (12 patients). Twenty-four healthy controls (HC) were also recruited. We performed functional connectivity analysis in both the ipsilesional and contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) to explore the differences in the patterns between each pair of the three diagnostic groups. Results Compared with the HC, the PPH group displays reduced connectivity of both the ipsilesional and contralesional M1 with bilateral prefrontal gyrus and contralesional cerebellum posterior lobe. The connectivity of both the ipsilesional and contralesional M1 with contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was reduced in the CPH group. Additionally, the connectivity of the ipsilesional M1 with contralesional postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule and ipsilesional inferior parietal lobule was reduced in the CPH group compared with the PPH group. Moreover, the connectivity of these regions was positively correlated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores (hand+wrist) across all stroke patients. Conclusions Patterns in cortical connectivity may serve as a potential biomarker for the neural substratum associated with outcomes in hand function after subcortical stroke.
Effectiveness of methylphenidate and PUFA for the treatment of patients with ADHD: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial

Background In some children with ADHD, sub-optimal levels of various nutrients including PUFA especially omega-3 has been observed, and contradictory reports exist on the results of studies conducted on the positive therapeutic effects of PUFA in patients with ADHD. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of methylphenidate and PUFA on treatment of patients with ADHD in Zahedan, Iran. Methods In this clinical trial, 40 children between 6 and 12 years of age with ADHD were investigated in Zahedan in 2014. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of methylphenidate plus PUFA and methylphenidate plus placebo. ADHD rating scale was filled before and after the study for patients of both groups. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS18, paired-samples t-test and chi-square. Results Mean age of patients was 2.9±1.8 years. Thirty-three children (82.5%) were boys and seven children (17.5%) were girls. Mean severity of signs in the group under methylphenidate plus PUFA treatment was 39.9±4.9 before treatment and 20.1±6.0 after 8 weeks of treatment (p<0.001). Mean severity of signs in the group under methylphenidate plus placebo treatment was 41.2±2.7 before treatment and 26.1±9.0 after 8 weeks of treatment (p<0.001). Mean reduction in the severity of symptoms in the group under methylphenidate therapy was 19.7±5.9 and in PUFA and placebo group it was 15.1±9.3 (p<0.067). Response to treatment (a reduction of at least 25% in the signs) in the group taking methylphenidate plus PUFA was 90% (18 patients) and in methylphenidate plus placebo group, it was 60% (12 patients) (p=0.028). Conclusion This study shows that PUFA is an efficient nutrient to treat ADHD and it can be used to treat patients. However, definitive conclusion requires repeating the study with a larger sample and longer study period. Trial registration The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT2015092724209N2. Funding The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Quantitative Evaluation of Facial Movement and Morphology

Objectives: The aim of our study was to quantitatively analyze facial motion kinematics by means of an optoelectronic system. In particular, we defined a set of easily recognizable reference points for markerization, and tested the applicability of our markerization method for an exhaustive characterization of the subjects' facial motion through the definition of some kinematic parameters. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (mean age, 24.6 ± 1.0 years; 15 female and 15 male) participated in the study. A set of markers (diameter, 3 mm) was positioned on several reference points of the face, and some parameters were computed for the characterization of facial morphology and movement, such as ranges of motion, angles, times, and distances. Results: The protocol was tested for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability by use of intraclass correlation, of which the results were good (between 0.4 and 0.75) to excellent (greater than 0.75). The parameters were useful for characterizing the resting position, mimicry, and speaking movements, and highlighted some distinctions between men and women in facial morphology. Conclusions: The protocol can be applied to a variety of facial movements, including speaking. Future works could address the use of the protocol in subjects with disorders and the integrated analysis of kinematic parameters and voice spectrography.
Zozzle: Low-overhead Mostly Static JavaScript Malware Detection

JavaScript malware-based attacks now account for a large fraction of successful mass-scale exploitation happening today. From the standpoint of the attacker, the attraction is that these drive-by attacks that can be mounted against an unsuspecting user visiting a seemingly innocent web page. While several techniques for addressing these types of exploits have been proposed, in-browser adoption has been slow, in part because of the performance overhead these methods tend to incur. In this paper, we propose Zozzle, a low-overhead solution for detecting and preventing JavaScript malware that can be deployed in the browser. Our approach uses Bayesian classification of hierarchical features of the JavaScript abstract syntax tree to identify syntax elements that are highly predictive of malware. Our extensive experimental evaluation shows that Zozzle is able to effectively detect JavaScript malware through mostly static code analysis with very low false positive rates (usually fractions of 1%), and with a typical overhead of only 2-5 milliseconds per JavaScript file. Our experience also suggests that Zozzle may be used as a lightweight filter for a more costly detection technique or for standalone offline malware detection.
When Less Is More: School Size and Student Social Participation.

Using the theoretical outlines of Barker's (1968) theory of behavior settings, we postulate the existence of structural inducements to the participation of students in the extracurricular activities of the school. Consistent with the predictions of the theory, we find that the extracurricular behavior settings in small schools are "under-manned," and in large schools these settings are "over-manned. " The result of this "manning" phenomenon is a strong negative relationship of school size to rates of participation in the behavior settings of the school. In the data we analyze on a representative sample of high schools, size has consistently strong negative effects on rates of participation, but the findings admit to no simple interpretation. The direction and magnitude of the effects vary with the nature of the activity. We suggest that those activities which are highly central to the organization, but which are inelastic in the sense of absorbing further participants (e.g., journalism), show the strongest manning effects; while activities that are both noncentral and inelastic (e.g., debate) show the weakest effects of manning. Further, activities that are low in centrality and high in elasticity (e.g., hobby clubs) illustrate a form of reverse manning-increased rates of participation with increases in school size. The strength of the manning effects we observe, as well as their direction, suggest the need to take into account the structural properties of the school, especially school size, in the investigation of the effects of activity participation on student outcomes.
Access to reproductive technologies by single women and lesbians: Social representations and public debate

A landmark decision in 2000 by the Federal Court of Australia (FCA) allowed access to medically assisted reproductive technologies (MART) regardless of marital status, i.e. by single women and lesbians. This decision sparked much debate, including comments by the Prime Minister of Australia and hundreds of letters to newspapers around the country. In this study, 180 letters to the editor in two newspapers were analyzed to identify themes and processes relevant to conceptualizing who should have access to MART. Representations of family were particularly evident and themes supported the traditional family structure of a mother, father and children, arguing that access to MART should be restricted to this family form. However, emerging representations of family, based on themes of positive parenting values, independent of gender and number of parents, were also observed, suggesting that political agendas restricting MART to heterosexual family structures are not supported by public consensus, or by the emerging acceptance of alternative family forms.