Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transgender Politics in the UK

This article develops notions of transgender citizenship in relation to existing approaches to citizenship, including liberalism, neoliberalism and communitarianism. Changes relating to New Labour's Third Way provide some support for transgender citizenship. However, these are limited because New Labour has yet to fully support gender diversity, to embrace different forms of morality, to tackle underlying structural inequalities and to develop sufficiently strong mechanisms for participation. The article argues that a robust participatory democracy is necessary for ensuring transgender political participation and social inclusion. Full transgender citizenship would lead to fundamental changes in the social organization of gender and social policy positions concerning gender.
Non Data Aided parameter estimation for Multi-User ARGOS receivers

In this paper, parameter estimators are analyzed in the context of Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) receivers for the ARGOS system. A Non Data Aided (NDA) feed forward estimator is proposed for the amplitude and the carrier phase parameters. Time delays are assumed to be known. A Window Accumulator (WA) is used to reduce the influence of the additive noise. In the presence of frequency offset, the window length L cannot be chosen arbitrarily large but an optimal length Lopt can be determined. However, because the estimator induces a different optimal length for each parameter, a trade-off must be made. We show that a window length of around 35 samples induces mean square errors (MSEs) lower than 0.012 for both parameters. The MSE of the proposed estimator is also compared to the Modified Cramér Rao Bound (MCRB).
Involvement in and perception of the free-time context for adolescents in youth protection institutions

What adolescents do, with whom, and at which arenas, represent the contextual dimensions of adolescents' daily free-time. Since free-time may be particularly significant for many developmental processes in adolescence, it is important to understand the impact free-time may have on vulnerable youth. This study used the Experience Sampling Method to examine the free time of adolescents who are taken care of by the Child Welfare Organization (Oslo, Norway). When a sample of experiences (n = 479) from 20 adolescents living in youth protection institutions was compared to a sample of experiences (n = 741) from a non-institutionalized comparison group, results showed differences in perception of and involvement in daily after-school contexts. The adolescents from the youth protection institutions reported significantly fewer self-involving activities and spent their free time in different arenas compared to their peers. Further analyses disclosed differences in the perceptual experiences associated with activit.
Why on Earth Is Learners’ Patience Wearing Thin: The Interplay between Ambiguity Tolerance and Reading Comprehension Valence of Iranian Intermediate Level Students

Research supports the effectiveness of using preferred learning styles in the process of language acquisition. It has been shown that successful language learners often tap into relevant styles and strategies effectively in the process of learning a foreign language. Following fads and fashions in this line of research, this paper tries to examine the relationship between ambiguity tolerance and learner's reading comprehension ability. For this purpose 22 Iranian fresh university students were chosen. At first they filled a questionnaire with regard to Ambiguity Tolerance scale. During next sessions their reading comprehension ability was examined. Correlational procedure was used for the purpose of this study. It was generally shown that there is a positive correlation (0.83) between ambiguity tolerance and reading comprehension ability.
Estimating the 'appropriate' age for retirement as a function of perceived occupational characteristics

The 'appropriate' age for retirement as perceived by 120 young, 120 middle-aged, and 120 elderly adults was investigated. No participants displayed any difficulties in expressing an opinion about the minimum and maximum 'appropriate' ages for retirement for various different occupations. Participants' representations of the 'appropriate' retirement age varied primarily as a function of the perceived physical constraints involved in the occupation but also depended on their age (the younger the respondent, the lower the perceived 'appropriate' minimum retirement age). There was no tendency among the young adults to wish to prolong the work life of older individuals. There was no tendency in any of the three age groups to associate age of retirement with perceived cognitive or social and organizational characteristics of work: only the perceived physical demands of work predicted age at retirement.
From Alzheimer to Huntington: why is a structural understanding so difficult?

An increasing family of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, prion encephalopathies and cystic fibrosis is associated with aggregation of misfolded polypeptide chains which are toxic to the cell. Knowledge of the three‐dimensional structure of the proteins implicated is essential for understanding why and how endogenous proteins may adopt a non‐native fold. Yet, structural work has been hampered by the difficulty of handling proteins insoluble or prone to aggregation, and at the same time that is why it is interesting to study these molecules. In this review, we compare the structural knowledge accumulated for two paradigmatic misfolding disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the family of poly‐glutamine diseases (poly‐Q) and discuss some of the hypotheses suggested for explaining aggregate formation. While a common mechanism between these pathologies remains to be proven, a direct comparison may help in designing new strategies for approaching their study.
Triggers of change to public confidence in the police and criminal justice system: Findings from the Crime Survey for England and Wales panel experiment

Accounts of public ‘trust and confidence’ in criminal justice agencies often fall into one of two camps. Instrumental accounts suggest that people trust police and the criminal justice system (CJS) when they believe them to be effective in fighting crime and reducing offending. Expressive or affective accounts, by contrast, suggest people place as much or more emphasis on the social meaning of justice institutions as on their instrumental activities. In this article we add to recent studies that have sought to weigh up the balance between instrumental and expressive factors. Using data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales panel experiment, we present evidence that trust in police and the wider CJS is implicated in public concerns about the nature of local order and cohesion. The expressive account appears to offer a better understanding of why people may grant trust to, or withdraw trust from, the police and the CJS.
Minimizing the Hidden Cost of RDMA

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is a mechanism whereby data is moved directly between the application memory of the local and remote computer. In bypassing the operating system, RDMA significantly reduces the CPU cost of large data transfers and eliminates intermediate copying across buffers, thereby making it very attractive for implementing distributed applications. With the advent of hardware implementations of RDMA over Ethernet (iWARP), its advantages have become even more obvious. In this paper we analyze the applicability of RDMA and identify hidden costs in the setup of its interactions that, if not handled carefully, remove any performance advantage, especially in hardware implementations. From an application point of view, the major difference to TCP/IP based communication is that the buffer management has to be done explicitly by the application. Without the proper optimizations, RDMA loses all its advantages. We discuss the problem in detail, analyze what applications can profit from RDMA, present a number of optimization strategies, and show through extensive performance experiments that these optimizations make a substantial difference in the overall performance of RDMA based applications.
Modeling the hierarchical structure of personality-attachment associations: Domain diffusion versus domain differentiation

This study examined the extent to which personality traits and attachment orientations within distinct relationship domains (romantic, familial, and friendship) exhibited diffuse versus differentiated associations with attachments toward specific persons (e.g., current romantic partner, mother, best friend). The results were consistent with a hierarchically organized model of the attachment representational network containing global (personality) and specific (attachment) components. Autonomous and sociotropic personalities (controlling for the Big Five) were diffusely associated with attachments toward specific persons across domains, whereas domain-specific attachments were associated with specific attachments only within corresponding domains. Domain-specific attachment representations mediated the links between autonomy and sociotropy and relationship-specific attachments within corresponding domains. Autonomy and sociotropy capture global summaries of the same regularities in responding that underlie the attachment system.
Culture, Ethnicity, and Emotional Distress Measures

Research suggests that Asians consistently score higher than European Americans on measures of emotional distress. Extending previous research, the current study found that self-report measures of depression, social avoidance and distress, and fear of negative evaluation were positively related to a self-report measure of interdependent self-construal, negatively related to a self-report measure of independent self-construal, or both. Furthermore, distress measures varied inversely with relative self-enhancement, an indigenous constituent of the independent self but not of the interdependent self. Results suggest that certain commonly used measures of depression and social anxiety may tend to equate the moderately self-enhancing goals of an independent self with mental health, whereas responses reflecting culturally prescribed goals of an interdependent self may be seen as indicating emotional distress. The cultural appropriateness of standardized measures of emotional distress when applied to Asians was raised as a concern.
Synergistic Activation of NFAT by HIV-1 Nef and the Ras/MAPK Pathway*

Nef is a lentiviral protein involved in pathogenesis of AIDS, but its molecular mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Here we report a novel effect of Nef on lymphocyte signaling, which is mediated via a T cell receptor (TCR)-independent contribution of Nef to induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a transcription factor that plays a central role in coordinating T cell activation. Expression of Nef did not significantly alter the basal level of NFAT activity in Jurkat cells nor the increased activity following T cell receptor stimulation by anti-CD3 or anti-CD3 + anti-CD28. We also mimicked NFAT induction by TCR triggering by simultaneous activation of the Ras and calcium signaling pathways with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin, respectively. Strikingly, whereas activation of either of these pathways individually did not induce NFAT activity in control cells, in Nef-expressing cells phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment alone resulted in a 100-fold increase in NFAT-directed gene expression. Experiments with different dominant negative mutant signaling proteins, inhibitory chemicals, and Lck-deficient Jurkat cells revealed that this effect was mediated via activation of calcineurin by Nef-induced changes in calcium metabolism, but was independent of TCR-associated signaling events. This ability of Nef to substitute for triggering of the calcium pathway in induction of NFAT could promote activation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T cells in response to stimuli mediated via TCR or other cell surface receptors under conditions when activation of Ras rather than calcium signaling would otherwise predominate.
Making Chinese Journalists for the Next Millennium

The study is based on a national survey of 1052 Chinese journalism students conducted in late 1996. It aims to develop a detailed profile of Chinese journalism students and to examine their professional socialization process in becoming the next generation of journalists in China. It also compares the professional values and attitudes of these students with those of practicing journalists in China. We find that, overall, Chinese students' college experiences play a more important role than their demographic characteristics in their professionalization, but the values that students bring to college interact with their socialization there to produce their professional values. Evidence from this survey shows some positive signs in Chinese students' perceptions of professional roles, but there are also some questionable trends in their professionalization. The article discusses some of these problems and their possible causes. It also provides some suggestions for future research on journalistic education in China.
Etiology and outcomes of pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute lung injury/ARDS in a respiratory ICU in North India.

OBJECTIVE Outcomes in patients with ARDS/acute lung injury (ALI) may be dependent on the underlying cause. We describe the case mix, clinical behavior, and outcomes of patients with ALI/ARDS resulting from pulmonary causes (ALI/ARDSp) and extrapulmonary causes (ALI/ARDSexp). DESIGN Retrospective study conducted between January 2001 and June 2005. SETTING Respiratory ICU (RICU) of a tertiary care hospital in northern India. PATIENTS All patients fulfilling the criteria for ALI/ARDS and requiring mechanical ventilation for > 24 h. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Of the 180 patients (ARDS, 140 patients; ALI, 40 patients), 123 patients had ALI/ARDSp, whereas 57 patients had ALI/ARDSexp. The most common cause of ALI/ARDSp was infective pneumonia, whereas the most common cause of ALI/ARDSexp was sepsis. At ICU admission, although patients with ALI/ARDSexp were sicker than those with ALI/ARDSp, there was no difference between the two groups of patients in the development of new organ dysfunction/failure (Delta sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA] scores) or the time to develop the first organ dysfunction/failure (assessed by SOFA scores). The median length of RICU stay was similar in the two groups (5 days [interquartile range (IQR), 6 days] vs 5 days [IQR, 9.5 days], respectively, in patients with ALI/ARDSp and ALI/ARDSexp; p = 0.4). The hospital mortality rate was 47.8% and was not significantly different between the two groups (ALI/ARDSp group, 43.1%; ALI/ARDSexp group, 57.9%; p = 0.06). Multivariate analysis showed the following risk factors for death in the ICU: female gender (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.94); SOFA scores (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.3); and DeltaSOFA scores (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.41). There was no significant effect of the category of ARDS on outcome (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8 to 3.2). CONCLUSIONS Although patients with ALI/ARDSexp are sicker on ICU admission, the underlying cause of ARDS does not affect the length of ICU stay or hospital survival time.
Trafficking of Proteins through Plastid Stromules[W]

Stromules are thin projections from plastids that are generally longer and more abundant on non-green plastids than on chloroplasts. Occasionally stromules can be observed to connect two plastid bodies with one another. However, photobleaching of GFP-labeled plastids and stromules in 2000 demonstrated that plastids do not form a network like the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in the proposal that stromules have major functions other than transfer of material from one plastid to another. The absence of a network was confirmed in 2012 with the use of a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, but the prior observations of movement of proteins between plastids were challenged. We review published evidence and provide new experiments that demonstrate trafficking of fluorescent protein between plastids as well as movement of proteins within stromules that emanate from a single plastid and discuss the possible function of stromules.
Financial accounting reforms in the Australian public sector: An episode in institutional thinking

In recent years in Australia, accounting regulations have been developed that require the adoption of commercial accounting and reporting practices by public‐sector organisations, including the recognition of cultural, heritage and scientific collections as assets by non‐profit cultural organisations. The regulations inappropriately apply traditional accounting concepts of accountability and performance, notwithstanding that the primary objectives of many of the organisations affected are not financial. This study examines how this was able to occur within the ideas outlined in Douglas’s (1986) How Institutions Think. The study provides evidence to demonstrate that the development; promotion, and defense of the detailed accounting regulations were each constrained by institutional thinking and, as a result, only certain questions were asked and many problems and issues associated with the regulations were not addressed. Thus, it seeks to further our understanding of the nature and limits of change in accounting and the role of institutions in promoting and defending changes to accounting practice.
Stories of One's Own: Nonunitary Subjectivity in Narrative Representation

This article examines the interrelated concepts of self-representation in personal narratives and the production of nonunitary subjectivity as a site of interpretation in qualitative research. Through close interpretations of narrative data, I analyze how subjectivity is manifested in narratives. I conclude both that nonunitary self-representation subverts humanist and patriarchal modes of discourse and that the act of narrating a nonunitary self allows forgreater self-knowledge to begained by respondents.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Activated Caspases in Apoptotic Hepatocytes in Rat Liver

In our study we tested the utility of antibodies that specifically recognize the cleaved large (active) subunits of caspase-3 and caspase-9 for immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic hepatocytes in rat liver sections using archival material from cyproterone acetate (CPA)-treated and control rats. CPA blocks apoptosis of hepatocytes and discontinuation of CPA treatment results in a syncronized wave of hepatocyte apoptosis. By comparing liver sections from CPA-treated and control rats with high and low rates of apoptosis we observed a close correlation between the occurrence of cleaved caspase-positive apoptotic figures and H&E-stained apoptotic bodies when evaluated in parallel sections. Caspase-stained figures were either immuno-positive apoptotic bodies or pre-apoptotic hepatocytes showing cytoplasmic and/or nuclear caspase-staining with otherwise normal cellular appearance. In extension of these observations we developed a double-immunohistochemical staining procedure which enables the detection of caspase-3-positive apoptotic hepatocytes within glutathione-S-transferase-P (GST-P)-positive preneoplastic liver foci. By use of this technique, inhibition of apoptosis by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as detected by counting of H&E-stained apoptotic bodies was found to correlate with a strong reduction of cleaved caspase-positive hepatocytes in GST-P-positive preneoplastic foci. In summary, this study demonstrates that cleaved caspase-positive apoptotic hepatocytes could be reliably identified and quantified both in normal and neoplastically transformed liver tissue.
Home, Parents, and Achievement Motivation: A Study of Key Home and Parental Factors that Predict Student Motivation and Engagement

Abstract The home and parental factors that predict achievement motivation are an important focus in research, because they are a clear point for potential educational and psychological support for students. The present study investigates the achievement motivation of high school students, in the context of parental and home factors such as home resources, in- and out-of-home parental assistance, parenting style, and parental involvement in the school. Among a sample of 100 Australian high school students, hierarchal multiple linear regression analyses were performed in order to determine the relative salience of the proposed home and parental factors predicting students' achievement motivation. Results demonstrated that over and above demographic factors such as age, gender and ethnicity, home and parental factors do indeed play a critical function in predicting student motivation and engagement. Specifically, the study reveals that home resources and parenting style are the most salient home and parental factors associated with key aspects of achievement motivation and engagement (planning, task management, teacher–student relationships — positively, and self-handicapping — negatively). These findings affirm the role of the home and parents in students' academic development. Implications for future research and practice harnessing the present findings are discussed.
Why do Highly Qualified Women (Still) Earn Less? Gender Differences in Long-Term Predictors of Career Success

Our study investigated gender differences in the long-term effects of education, work experience, agentic personality traits, and number of children on career success (i.e., salary) in medicine. German male and female students (N = 99) were surveyed at a German medical school (T1) and 15 years later (T2). Women interrupted their careers for longer than men (d = .92). Men had a substantially higher income at T2 (d = 1.07). Career interruptions, agentic personality traits, and high school grades were significant predictors of salary for both sexes. High final grades at medical school were significantly and positively related to salary but only for men. Low final grades at medical school and number of children predicted the length of career interruptions. For women, number of children was significantly and positively related to career interruptions. For men, number of children was significantly but negatively related to career interruptions. The findings corroborate research from other occupational fields, showing that a discontinuous work history has a negative influence on career success and that human capital variables are better rewarded for men than for women.
Remedy Through Paradox? Constructions of Internal Legitimacy in a Publicly Discredited Organization

This article examines how members of publicly discredited organizations discursively construct senses of internal legitimacy. Drawing on a case study of the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration—an organization that has been subject to lengthy and persistent public criticism—four paradoxical relations between discourses are identified and critically examined: acknowledgment/denial, voice/silence, unity/fragmentation, and image/substance. Based on the findings, three arguments are made: First, talk by members of discredited organizations about their organization, their organizational selves, and the criticism offers crucial resources for the construction of internal legitimacy. Second, constructions of internal legitimacy require members to relate to and navigate between paradoxes. Third, despite the complexity they impose, paradoxes provide members of discredited organizations with significant room for managing their internal legitimacy.