Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of learning motivation in electronic learning

The success of electronic learning (e-learning) process is highly determined by the extent of learning motivation that could be identified and measured through a number of methods. This study was designed to identify several attributes used to measure learning motivation in the context of e-learning as a chance of novelty in the domain of information extraction. The method by distributing questionnaires to 214 potential respondents with an interest in the field of study such as the e-learning facilitators including teachers, lecturers, instructors, laboratory assistants accustomed to assess or measure the participant's learning motivation. The demography of respondents represents eight major islands in Indonesia, including Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku with an expectation that the results of this study can represent a facilitator assessment towards e-learning Indonesia. A total of 1419 data has been collected and processed using Chi-Square method to test the hypotheses regarding the homogeneity of the respondents in choosing the candidates measurement of attribute in learning motivation. From the data processing, it can be concluded that the attributes of velocity, quantity, and relevancy can be further used as the variables in both the measurement of learning motivation in e-learning context and the field of information extraction.
When auditory presentations should and should not be a component of multimedia instruction

SUMMARY Based on cognitive load theory, two experiments investigated the conditions under which audiovisualbased instruction may be an effective or an ineffective instructional technique. Results from Experiment 1 indicated that visual with audio presentations were superior to equivalent visual-only presentations. In this experiment, neither the auditory nor the visual material could be understood in isolation. Both sources of information were interrelated and were essential to render the material intelligible. In contrast, Experiment 2 demonstrated that a non-essential explanatory text, presented aurally with similar written text contained in a diagram, hindered learning. This result was obtained because when compared to a diagram only format, the aural material was unnecessary and therefore created a redundancy effect. Differences between groups were stronger when information was high in complexity. It was concluded that the effectiveness of multimedia instruction depends very much on how and when auditory information is used. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on New Firm Registration

This paper uses panel data on the number of new firm registrations in 91 countries to study how the ease of registering a business and the magnitude of registration reforms affect new firm registrations. The authors find that the costs, days and procedures required to start a business are important predictors of the number of new firm registrations. However, they find that small reforms, in general less than a 40 percent reduction in procedures or 50 to 60 percent reduction in costs and days, do not have a significant effect on new registrations. They also find important synergies in multiple reforms of two or more business environment indicators. Finally, they show that countries with relatively weaker business environments prior to reforms require relatively larger reforms in order to impact the number of newly registered firms.
The Effects of Wars on Postwar Homicide Rates: A Replication and Extension of Archer and Gartner’s Classic Study

This study replicates and extends Archer and Gartner’s classic work testing whether wars increase postwar homicide rates because they legitimize the use of violence as a means of conflict resolution. Using the Comparative Crime Data File (CCDF), we replicated the original study with data from the two World Wars, as well as 12 smaller wars occurring prior to 1980. Our replication results generally confirmed the hypothesis that wars increase postwar homicide rates, although there were differences in results based on the method of analysis. We then examined the validity of this theory using data on four wars occurring after 1990, but found no support for the legitimation of violence argument. We argue that the null findings encourage theoretical expansion, which is an underappreciated aspect of replication that is just as valuable as empirical validation.
Effects of environmental uncertainty on organizational intention to adopt distributed work arrangements

Uncertainty in the external environmental context has been shown to affect organizational change and innovation. Distributed work arrangement is an organizational innovation that has the potential to enable a firm to meet the challenges of an uncertain environment more effectively. With the emergence of virtual organizations, such work arrangements are likely to gain increasing popularity. This exploratory empirical study employs a structural model to examine how environmental uncertainty affects organizational predisposition (adoption intention) toward distributed work arrangements. Environmental uncertainty has two different dimensions: environmental complexity (heterogeneity) and environmental variability (dynamism). In this paper, environmental dimensions are modeled to influence adoption of distributed work arrangements through shaping the organizational perceptions of three innovation characteristics: perceived relative advantage, compatibility and complexity. Data analyses using partial least squares statistical technique revealed that environmental complexity is negatively associated with perceived relative advantage, and perceived compatibility. Perceived relative advantage and perceived compatibility are in turn positively related to adoption intention for distributed work arrangements. However, environmental variability has no significant effect on the three innovation characteristics. Contrary to past findings that suggest organizations are more predisposed toward innovations in a complex environment, our study found that organizations in an environment of lower, rather than higher complexity are more likely to adopt distributed work arrangements. Implications for organizations are discussed.
LEARNING DESIGNS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDY SKILLS: REUSE AND COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES

This paper takes as its starting-point the role of reusable learning designs and of practitioner communities in disseminating effective pedagogic practice. The authors note the findings of previous research indicating a gap between teachers’ stated intention to reuse others’ materials and the practicalities of reuse, and comment on the shortcomings of both Wenger’s communities of practice and Hung and Nichani’s quasi-communities as models of the types of community that might foster the reuse of learning designs. They suggest that another model is needed to address the ‘scaffolding’ of teachers into the practice of sharing. To explore both themes, the authors then present an investigation into the reusability of learning designs. This was set in the context of a regional initiative, within the London Borough of Greenwich, to support students’ development of study skills through blended learning. Questions raised by the findings include the cost-benefits of adaptation versus creation of one’s own learning designs, and the reusability of designs created ‘in the abstract. ’ The authors conclude by introducing the CAMEL model of collaboration as a potential means to overcome the discrepancy between the theory and reality of reuse through establishing relationships of trust mediated by both online and face-to-face communication.
A Selective Caching Technique

EEcient caches are extremely important for achieving good performance from modern high performance processors. Conventional cache architectures exploit locality, but do so rather blindly. Since all references are forced through the cache, every miss will result in a new block of information entering the cache. This reduces the eeectiveness of the cache because infrequent items can displace frequent items from the cache. This paper presents a simple selective caching scheme for improving cache performance. The scheme uses information on usage counts to selectively exclude portions of the program or data from entering the cache. The cache should have a mechanism for excluding certain elements designated by the compiler. In this paper, we present the proposed selective caching scheme that permits only the high usage sections of the code/data to be cached, and evaluate the performance of the scheme. Cache bypassing improves performance by reducing memory bandwidth requirements because the bypassed items do not result in the fetching of the entire cache block to the processor. Extensive simulation studies on caches of size 1k to 64k bytes demonstrate that for a variety of SPEC programs, the proposed selective caching scheme can improve system performance.
hs and differential effect of job satisfaction

Based on the framework of the unfolding model of turnover, effects of job satisfaction on different turnover paths. Using a large national sample analysis, this study found evidence that the level of job satisfaction was differentially predictive of voluntary turnover in different turnover paths. For example, job satisfaction was not a good predictor of turnover due to family management policies tailored to specific reasons
From past trauma to post-traumatic growth: The role of self in participants with serious mental illnesses

ABSTRACT Studies have shown that people with serious mental illness are more likely to have experienced trauma compared to the general population. This qualitative study employed a grounded theory approach to explore how trauma histories influenced the process of triggering, developing, and recovering from serious mental illness. Findings based on in-depth interviews with 15 participants illustrated the intersection of trauma, serious mental illness, and post-traumatic growth. Experiencing trauma compromised participants’ self-functioning, causing issues such as affect dysregulation, distorted self- and other- concepts and relationship difficulties, meaninglessness, and existential fears, all of which negatively impacted participants’ mental health and behavior. At the same time, participants with serious mental illness were able to achieve post-traumatic growth with the “transformed-self” via self-acceptance, self-exploration, self-worth, and self-fulfillment. Findings of this study have useful implications for trauma-informed care in mental health treatment. Mental health professionals should address clients’ trauma histories to prevent re-traumatization and design trauma-informed programs that use and build clients’ inner resources and strengths to promote post-traumatic growth.
Effects of Different Electroacupuncture Scheduling Regimens on Murine Bone Tumor-Induced Hyperalgesia: Sex Differences and Role of Inflammation

Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) is able to reduce hyperalgesia in rodent models of persistent pain, but very little is known about the analgesic effects and potential sex differences of different EA treatment regimens. In the present study, we examined the effects of five different EA treatments on tumor-induced hyperalgesia in male and female mice. EA applied to the ST-36 acupoint either twice weekly (EA-2X/3) beginning on postimplantation day (PID) 3 or prophylactically three times prior to implantation produced the most robust and longest lasting antinociceptive effects. EA treatment given once per week beginning at PID 7 only produced an antinociceptive effect in female animals. The analgesic effect of EA-2X/3 began earlier in males, but lasted longer in females indicating sex differences in EA. We further demonstrate that EA-2X/3 elicits a marked decrease in tumor-associated inflammation as evidenced by a significant reduction in tumor-associated neutrophils at PID 7. Moreover, EA-2X/3 produced a significant reduction in tumor-associated PGE2 as measured in microperfusate samples. Collectively, these data provide evidence that EA-2X/3 treatment reduces tumor-induced hyperalgesia, which is associated with a decrease in tumor-associated inflammation and PGE2 concentration at the tumor site suggesting possible mechanisms by which EA reduces tumor nociception.
Are Online Sexual Activities and Sexting Good for Adults’ Sexual Well-Being? Results From a National Online Survey

Abstract Objectives: Online sexual activities (OSA) and sexting are often framed as risk behaviors in adolescents. This study investigates experiences of adults. Methods: Based on the positive sexuality approach, the current study measured prevalence, predictors, and perceived outcomes of OSA and sexting in a national online sample of N = 1,500 participants from Germany (ages 18–85). Results: 68% of adults reported previous involvement in OSA and 41% in sexting. Perceived positive OSA and sexting outcomes outweighed the negative. Conclusions: Sexual health professionals should acknowledge online sexual expression in adults of the general population as normal and mostly positive behavior.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN ORANGTUA TERHADAP PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN SEKS DALAM KELUARGA DI KELURAHAN TAMARUNANG KECAMATAN MARISO KOTA MAKASSAR

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penegetahuan orangtua terhadap penerapan pendidikan seks dalam keluarga di Kelurahan Tamarunang Kecamatan Mariso Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 105 orang. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan angket/quesioner, data yang didapat kemudian di analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS Version 20, dideskripsikan kemudian disimpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan orang tua terhadap penerapan pendidkan seks dalam keluarga di kelurahan Tamarunang, Kecamatan Mariso, Kota Makassar Sehingga H1 yang berbunyi “ada pengaruh antara pengetahuan orangtua dengan penerapan pendidikan seks” diterima dan H0 ditolak. Ini dilihat dari hasil uji analisis regresi linear sederhana yang hasilnya menunjukkan nilai sig = 0,000 < 0,05 maka variabel (X) berpengaruh terhadap variabel (Y). Koefisien korealasi r = 0,943 menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kekuatan korelasi yang “tinggi”. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi pengetahuan orang tua maka akan semakin baik pula orang tua dalam menerapkan pendidikan seks. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Orangtua, Pendidikan, Seks, Keluarga
Consequences for the consumer of the use of vitamin A in animal nutrition

The fat soluble vitamin A is required in humans and animals. It is essential for vision, growth differentiation and proliferation of a wide range of epithelial tissues, bone growth, reproduction and embryonic development. Vitamin A is present in the diet as preformed vitamin A (retinol and its esters) and can also be derived in humans and most animal species from dietary carotenoids, mainly ß-carotene. Vitamin A accumulates in the body, particularly in liver, and is toxic at high doses in most species studied. The use of vitamin A as a feed additive is currently authorised under Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 as nutritional additive with maximum contents for a number of animal categories and types of feedingstuffs.
Social norms on rent seeking and preferences for redistribution

Empirical studies have shown that preferences for redistribution are significantly correlated with expectations of future mobility and the belief that society offers equal opportunities. We add to previous research by investigating the role of individual and social norms on rent seeking. We find that the individual propensity for stigmatizing rent seeking significantly and positively affects preferences for redistribution. On the other hand, living in an area where most citizens do not stigmatize rent seeking, makes men more favourable to redistribution, which may be seen as a social equalizer in an unfair society that does not offer equal opportunities to all. This effect does not hold for women, whose preference for redistribution is negatively associated to the regional tolerance of rent seeking.
The molecular landscape of extraskeletal osteosarcoma: A clinicopathological and molecular biomarker study

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOSA) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm representing <5% of osteosarcomas and <1% of all soft‐tissue sarcomas. Herein, we investigate the clinicopathological and molecular features of ESOSA and explore potential parameters that may affect outcome. Thirty‐two cases were retrieved and histomorphology was reviewed. Clinical history and follow‐up were obtained through electronic record review. DNA from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue was extracted and processed from 27 cases. Genome‐wide DNA copy number (CN) alterations and allelic imbalances were analyzed by single nucleotide polymorphism array using Affymetrix OncoScan FFPE Assay. Massive high‐throughput deep parallel sequencing was performed using a customized panel targeting 410 cancer genes. Log rank, Fisher's exact test and Cox proportional hazards were used for statistical analysis. In this series of 32 patients (male n = 12, female n = 20), the average age was 66 years (19–93) and median follow up was 24 months (range 6–120 months). Frequent genomic alterations included CN losses in tumour suppressor genes including CDKN2A (70%), TP53 (56%) and RB1 (49%). Mutations affecting methylation/demethylation, chromatin remodeling and WNT/SHH pathways were identified in 40%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. PIK3CA and TERT promoter variant mutations were identified in 11% of the cases. Cases harbouring simultaneous TP53 and RB1 biallelic CN losses were associated with worse overall survival and local recurrence (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, respectively). CDKN2A losses and positive margins were also associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.002; p = 0.03, respectively). Our findings suggest that age above 60, positive margin status, simultaneous biallelic TP53 and RB1 losses and CDKN2A loss are associated with a worse outcome in ESOSA. Comparison between conventional paediatric osteosarcoma and ESOSA shows that, while both share genetic similarities, there are notable dissimilarities and mechanistic differences in the molecular pathways involved in ESOSA.
Adverse events and near miss reporting in the NHS

Objectives: To conduct a multicentre study on adverse event and near miss reporting in the NHS and to explore the feasibility of creating a national system for collecting these data. Design: Prospective voluntary reporting by staff with anonymised transfer of data was used by a national system to collect data from 18 NHS trusts. Participants: Staff from 12 acute trusts, three mental health trusts, two ambulance trusts, and one primary care trust. Main outcomes measured: Number of incidents, date and time of incident, patient age and sex, clinical speciality, location, outcome, risk rating, type and description of incident. Results: A total of 28 998 incidents were reported including 11 766 (41%) slips, trips and falls, 2514 (9%) medication management incidents, 2429 (8%) resource issues, and 2164 (7%) treatment issues. 138 catastrophic and 260 major adverse outcomes were reported. Slips, trips and falls (n = 11 766) were the most common type of incident. Conclusions: Voluntary reporting by staff when linked to a multicentre data collecting system can yield information on a large number of incidents. This provides support for the principle of creating a national IT system to collect and analyse incident data.
Multiorgan Insulin Sensitivity in Lean and Obese Subjects

OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive assessment of multiorgan insulin sensitivity in lean and obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure with stable isotopically labeled tracer infusions was performed in 40 obese (BMI 36.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2, mean ± SEM) and 26 lean (22.5 ± 0.3 kg/m2) subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Insulin was infused at different rates to achieve low, medium, and high physiological plasma concentrations. RESULTS In obese subjects, palmitate and glucose Ra in plasma decreased with increasing plasma insulin concentrations. The decrease in endogenous glucose Ra was greater during low-, medium-, and high-dose insulin infusions (69 ± 2, 74 ± 2, and 90 ± 2%) than the suppression of palmitate Ra (52 ± 4, 68 ± 1, and 79 ± 1%). Insulin-mediated increase in glucose disposal ranged from 24 ± 5% at low to 253 ± 19% at high physiological insulin concentrations. The suppression of palmitate Ra and glucose Ra were greater in lean than obese subjects during low-dose insulin infusion but were the same in both groups during high-dose insulin infusion, whereas stimulation of glucose Rd was greater in lean than obese subjects across the entire physiological range of plasma insulin. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous glucose production and adipose tissue lipolytic rate are both very sensitive to small increases in circulating insulin, whereas stimulation of muscle glucose uptake is minimal until high physiological plasma insulin concentrations are reached. Hyperinsulinemia within the normal physiological range can compensate for both liver and adipose tissue insulin resistance, but not skeletal muscle insulin resistance, in obese people who have normal glucose tolerance.
Runtime Verification of Linux Kernel Modules Based on Call Interception

Verification of Linux kernel modules and especially device drivers is a critically important task. However, due to the special nature of the kernel operation, it is very challenging to perform runtime analysis of particular kernel modules of interest without adverse influence on the rest of the kernel. Methods and tools for addressing this challenge are the main subject of this paper. The basic method for low-influence runtime analysis of interacting software modules is call interception. Shadow state techniques represent another method. In this paper, we discuss these methods including three different approaches to implement call interception. Conclusions are made about the most suitable ways for runtime analysis of kernel modules. Finally, we present KEDR framework, an extensible runtime analysis system for Linux kernel modules, which deploys these approaches to perform different types of analysis. The system can be used by the developers of kernel modules and, in particular, may be useful for building automated driver verification systems.