Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children and adolescents: prevalence, risk factors and diagnostics of TMD in children and adolescents.

__________________________________________________________________________________________2 Introduction______________________________________________________________________________________2 Prevalence_______________________________________________________________________________3 Normal antomy and function__________________________________________________________3 Temporomandibular joint____________________________________________________3 Muscles___________________________________________________________________________3 Pathology and dysfunction_____________________________________________________________4 Temporomandibular joint____________________________________________________4 Muscles___________________________________________________________________________4 Risk factors_______________________________________________________________________________4 Occlusion_________________________________________________________________________4 Oral parafunctions______________________________________________________________5 Bruxism___________________________________________________________________________5 Symptoms_________________________________________________________________________________5 TMD pain_________________________________________________________________________5 Headache_________________________________________________________________________6 TMJ clicking______________________________________________________________________6 TMJ locking_______________________________________________________________________6 Ear symptoms____________________________________________________________________6 Treatment_________________________________________________________________________________7 Diagnostics________________________________________________________________________________7 The purpose of our study_______________________________________________________________8 Material and methods____________________________________________________________________________8 Results______________________________________________________________________________________________9 Prevalence_________________________________________________________________________________9 Gender differences and age_____________________________________________________________10 General health____________________________________________________________________________11 TMD pain as an index____________________________________________________________________11 Risk factors________________________________________________________________________________12 Occlusion__________________________________________________________________________12 Oral parafunctions_______________________________________________________________13 Bruxism____________________________________________________________________________13 Stress_______________________________________________________________________________13 Prognosis___________________________________________________________________________________14 Discussion___________________________________________________________________________________________14 Defining TMD ______________________________________________________________________________14 Prevalence_________________________________________________________________________________14 Risk factors and symptoms______________________________________________________________15 Conclusion__________________________________________________________________________________________17 References__________________________________________________________________________________________19