Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Escaping the subject-based class: A Finnish case study of developing transversal competencies in a transdisciplinary course

Abstract In 2014, the Finnish National Board of Education launched a new core curriculum with the aim of meeting the skills and competence requirements of the 21st century. The purpose of this case study was to find out what transversal competencies Finnish eighth graders developed and how they experienced studying in a problem-based transdisciplinary course, which was arranged for the transitional stage between the former and the new curriculum. The qualitative data consisted of questionnaires and interviews. The analysis followed the methods of qualitative content analysis. When asked about their learning, the students commented on not having learnt much, referring to the discipline-based knowledge. Instead, they had learnt skills through teamwork, problem solving, and expression of their views and opinions, an aspect that they did not clearly connect with the things to be learnt at school. Many students felt that they acquired the competencies that they would need later in their lives. The students’ teamwork had a crucial impact on their learning experience. The timeframe for the integrative approach needs careful consideration; the learning process in this course was perceived as being successful because it was long enough. Our study highlights that focusing on students’ views is critical when reforming curriculum.
Referred Otalgia Induced by a Large Tonsillolith

Herein, we report an unusual case of large tonsillolith presented with acute otalgia. Since the tonsils and tonsillar fossa are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve, any irritation or pain can be referred to the ear along the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal (Jacobson's) nerve. Also, it is worth re-emphasizing that normal otoscopy must be followed by inspection of the nasal cavities, oral cavity, and oropharynx, with particular note given to the floor of mouth, teeth, tongue, and tonsils because the identification of a causative etiology is necessary to successfully treat referred otalgia.
An Interactive Table for Supporting Participation Balance in Face-to-Face Collaborative Learning

We describe an interactive table designed for supporting face-to-face collaborative learning. The table, Reflect, addresses the issue of unbalanced participation during group discussions. By displaying on its surface, a shared visualization of member participation, Reflect, is meant to encourage participants to avoid the extremes of over and underparticipation. We report on a user study that validates some of our hypotheses on the effect the table would have on its users. Namely, we show that Reflect leads to more balanced collaboration, but only under certain conditions. We also show different effects the table has on over and underparticipators.
“Reality Shock” of Beginning Teachers? Changes in Teacher Candidates’ Emotional Exhaustion and Constructivist-Oriented Beliefs

Beginning teachers often feel disillusioned and stressed during their first years of teaching. In the present study, we investigated changes in teacher candidates’ constructivist beliefs and emotional exhaustion. We assessed 163 German mathematics teacher candidates 3 times: at the beginning of, in the middle of, and after they completed the induction program. The results revealed a statistically significant decrease in constructivist beliefs and an inverted U-shaped change in emotional exhaustion with an increase at the beginning of the induction program and a decrease afterward. We also found that personal (i.e., math enjoyment) and social (i.e., instrumental support from peers and a constructivist-oriented mentor teacher) resources buffered the decrease in constructivist beliefs and the increase in emotional exhaustion.
Promoting Justices: Media Coverage of Judicial Nominations in Israel

This paper compares the framing of the coverage of judicial appointments in Israel in 2008 in two newspapers with nomination news from preceding years and to the patterns of press coverage in the U.S. A content analysis of 101 Supreme Court nomination articles indicated that unlike the political frame of American coverage, the press in Israel preserves its ostensible commitment to the professionalism of judges while linking the Supreme Court to political maneuvering in the selection of candidates. These findings are discussed within the context of the media's role in constructing judicial nominations as a debate about the role of the Supreme Court in Israeli society.
Towards efficient, portable application-level consistency

Applications employ complex protocols to ensure consistency after system crashes. Such protocols are affected by the exact behavior of file systems. However, modern file systems vary widely in such behavior, reducing the correctness and performance of applications. In this paper, we study application-level crash consistency. Through the detailed study of two popular database libraries (SQLite, LevelDB), we show that application performance and correctness heavily depend on file-system properties previously ignored in research. We define a number of such properties and show that they vary widely among file systems. We conclude with implications for future file-system and dependability research.
Small-Scale Interaction of Turbulence with Thermonuclear Flames in Type Ia Supernovae

Microscopic turbulence-flame interactions of thermonuclear fusion flames occurring in Type Ia supernovae were studied by means of incompressible direct numerical simulations with a highly simplified flame description. The flame is treated as a single diffusive scalar field with a nonlinear source term. It is characterized by its Prandtl number, Pr ≪ 1, and laminar flame speed, Slam. We find that if Slam ≥ u′, where u′ is the rms amplitude of turbulent velocity fluctuations, the local flame propagation speed does not significantly deviate from Slam even in the presence of velocity fluctuations on scales below the laminar flame thickness. This result is interpreted in the context of subgrid-scale modeling of supernova explosions and the mechanism for deflagration-detonation transitions.
The Timing of Asset Sales and Earnings Manipulations

SYNOPSIS AND INTRODUCTION: This study presents an empirical examination of whether managers manipulate earnings through the timing of income recognition from disposal of long-lived assets and investments (hereafter assets). Since managers can often choose the period during which an asset will be sold, and since the principle of acquisition cost underlying the accounting valuation of assets implies that changes in the market value of an asset between acquisition and sale are reported in the period of sale, it follows that there are opportunities for managers to manipulate earnings through the timing of asset sales at relatively low cost. Two common explanations for earnings manipulations are examined: the earnings-smoothing and the debt-equity hypotheses. ' The earningssmoothing hypothesis predicts that earnings are manipulated to reduce fluctuations around some level that is considered normal for the firm (see, e.g., Ronen and Sadan 1981, 6). The debt-equity hypothesis suggests a positive relation between a firm's debt-equity ratio and managers' choice of earnings-enhancing activities (see, e.g., Watts and Zimmerman 1986, 200-21 ). 2 The findings are consistent with the timing of asset sales by managers so that the recognized income from these sales smooths intemporal earnings changes and mitigates accounting-based restrictions in bond cov-
FPGA Implementation of Background Subtraction Algorithm for Image Processing

The Background Subtraction Algorithm is used to detect the object in the image. The subtraction of the image is pixel based subtraction. Before the subtraction of two images the pre-processing is done using the median filter. After the subtraction is done the segmentation is performed using threshold value. Once the segmentation is completed the morphological filtering is performed on that image to remove the unwanted blobs. System is designed using MATALAB/Simulink block sets. In MATLAB/Simulink the system generator token is used to convert Simulink model logic into the VHDL code which makes it compatible with FPGA. Using the system generator token VHDL code is generated. That VHDL code is synthesis in the Xilinx 14.1 and then . bit file is downloaded to the Virtex-5 board through JTAG cable and the output image is display on the VGA monitor which is interfaced with Virtex-5 board using DVI connector.
The 9-kJ modular pulsed power units for electromagnetic launching application

In order to realize fine-adjust the current of the pulsed power supply system and reduce the votage of thyristor switch and capacitor demands to maximize the economic benefit. The 9 kJ pulsed power supply units has been built for electromagnetic launching application. The maximum current of the pulsed power unit reachs 30 kA. The PFU is composed of a capacitor, a thyristor, a crowbar diode and a inductor. The modular PFU is designed for 270kJ pulsed power supply system, which drives the the two-turn railgun with a 15 mm-23 mm bore and 2.5 m long rails. In the paper, system confifuration has been discussed and calculated one PFU's maximum current by solving the circuit equations and two PFUs status also been represented by equation group. Then, the simulation and experiment results verifies correctness of the calculated output.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Liquidity, Volatility, and Flights to Safety in the U.s. Treasury Market: Evidence from a New Class of Dynamic Order Book Models Evidence from a New Class of Dynamic Order Book Models

paper presents preliminary fi ndings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily refl ective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. annual meetings. They are particularly grateful to Duane Seppi, the discussant of this paper at the 2012 Western Finance Association annual meetings, and Wayne Ferson, the session chair, for helpful comments and suggestions. They thank Casidhe Horan, Neel Krishnan, and Weiling Liu for excellent research assistance. Nguyen gratefully acknowledges fi nancial support from the Kampf Fund. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Abstract We propose a new class of dynamic order book models that allow us to 1) study episodes of extreme low liquidity and 2) unite liquidity and volatility in one framework through which their joint dynamics can be examined. Liquidity and volatility in the U.S. Treasury securities market are analyzed around the time of economic announcements, throughout the recent fi nancial crisis, and during fl ight-to-safety episodes. We document that Treasury market depth declines sharply during the crisis, accompanied by increased price volatility, but that trading activity seems unaffected until after the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. Our models' key fi nding is that price volatility and depth at the best bid and ask prices exhibit a negative feedback relationship and that each becomes more persistent during the crisis. Lastly, we characterize the Treasury market during fl ights to safety as having much lower market depth, along with higher trading volume and greater price uncertainty.
Oral Health Status of Institutionalized Street Children Aged 5-15 Years In Guntur City, Andhra Pradesh, India

OBJECTIVES: To assess the oral health status, oral hygiene practices and personal habits of institutionalized street children in Guntur city. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all street children (255) between 5 -15 years present during the study period in Guntur city. Information regarding the demographic factors, personal habits and oral hygiene practices was obtained by interview method using questionnaire in a private area away from other participants. Along with this oral examination was performed according to ADA type III examination using mouth mirror, CPI probe in a natural day light. Data was collected by using modified WHO Proforma (1997). RESULTS: Mean age of study subjects was 11.02±2.3. Among the children interviewed in the present study, 3.1% had indulged in substance use any time in their life. Bleeding and calculus was diagnosed as 52.5% and 42.4% respectively in children. Prevalence of dental caries was 50.19%. The mean dmft value was 0.70± 0.395 and mean DMFT value was 0.49±0.930. 43.13% subjects require one surface filling, 11.4% subjects require two or more surface fillings, 17.3% subjects r equire extraction. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals higher levels of dental caries experience and untreated dental disease. Institutionalized street children from present study are commonly faced with oral health problems, especially periodontal problems.
Revisiting robustness of the union-of-subspaces model for data-adaptive learning of nonlinear signal models

This paper revisits the problem of data-adaptive learning of geometric signal structures based on the Union-of-Subspaces (UoS) model. In contrast to prior work, it motivates and investigates an extension of the classical UoS model, termed the Metric-Constrained Union-of-Subspaces (MC-UoS) model. In this regard, it puts forth two iterative methods for data-adaptive learning of an MC-UoS in the presence of complete and missing data. The proposed methods outperform existing approaches to learning a UoS in numerical experiments involving both synthetic and real data, which demonstrates effectiveness of both an MC-UoS model and the proposed methods.
Artificial magnetic conductor for miniaturized antenna applications-A Review

This paper encapsulates the properties and implementation areas of Artificial Magnetic Conductor(AMC). It is characterized by having high surface impedance. The geometry of this structure is such that it does not support the propagation of surface waves and acts as a good ground plane in comparison to conventional metal conductors. Also, it reflects the waves in-phase rather than out of phase. Thus it is applicable to a variety of electromagnetic problems stressing upon the usage of low profile antennas.
Image super-resolution by adaptive coupling of oriented diffusion and shock filter

We present a new single image super-resolution approach based on Partial Differential Equations (PDE), which consists of oriented diffusion, fidelity term and shock filter. It weakens the blurred image and keeps its characters by fidelity coefficient related with edges, weighs diffusion and shock filtering through continuous function based on content of image, adaptively combine the two kinds of PDE. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed adaptive coupling approach can achieve better restoration result than traditional interpolation methods and other PDE-based methods.
An ocean‐atmosphere climate simulation with an embedded cloud resolving model

Mean climate and intraseasonal to interannual variability of two versions of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model (CGCM) are analyzed. The first version is the standard CCSM, in which cloud effects on the large‐scale circulation are represented via parameterizations. The second version includes “super‐parameterization” (SP) of convective processes by replacing parameterized cloud processes with a two‐dimensional (2D) cloud‐process resolving model (CRM) at each CGCM grid column. The SP‐CCSM improves several shortcomings of the CCSM simulation, including mean precipitation patterns, equatorial SST cold tongue structure and associated double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), the Asian monsoon, periodicity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and the intraseasonal Madden‐Julian Oscillation. These improvements were obtained without the retuning of the coupled model, which is surprising in view of previous experience with other coupled models.
Master students' perception of informal faculty mentoring : an explorative investigation

Originated from Mentor, a wise counselor to Ulysses and then teacher and protector to Ulysses' son Telemachus in Homer's Odyssey, the word mentoring now means teacher, advisor, sponsor and role model (Jacobi, 1991). The mentoring literature now characterizes this type of mentoring as informal or traditional mentoring that has been found to be very beneficial to doctoral students (Heinrich, 1995; Holland, 1995; Lyons, Scroggins & Rule, 1990; Schlosser, Knox, Moskovitz, & Hill, 2003). The purpose of this study was to investigate informal faculty mentoring at the master's degree level, namely the extent to which informal faculty mentoring activities were happening, the way these activities happened, and the impact these activities produced on mentored students as reported by mentored students themselves. The study was guided by three research questions which are: (1) What types of informal faculty mentoring activities are happening in the master's degree programs of a regional university? (2) How helpful are the mentoring activities perceived by students? (3) What are the situational and personal factors associated with the happening of informal mentoring relationships? It was conducted in two phases: (a) pilot study and (b) survey. The pilot study was used to validate the survey instrument for this research. A mixed methodology was used in the form of a self-designed survey with a combination of open-ended and close-ended questions. Analysis was done by using the descriptive function of the SPSS software after the data was cleaned and text responses coded. It was found that master's degree students did experience a wide range of informal faculty mentoring activities in three respects, namely, in the academic, the career and professional, and the psychosocial dimensions. These informal faculty mentoring activities have produced varying but mostly positive impact on the students. The interaction in a mentoring relationship is mostly initiated due to the respect either paid to the faculty or mutually between faculty members and graduate proteges, students' commitment to the program or professional goals, and students' ability to perform. Then practical recommendations were made to utilize the findings of this research. For example, reported informal faculty mentoring activities could be used to describe the kinds of interactions that are currently happening between faculty members and master's degree students. The perceived impact of these reported experiences offers an opportunity to compare these experienced activities to their perceived impact which will then help reveal students' true needs. The dynamics questions, on the other hand would aid in directing our attention to the occasions or factors that have contributed to the occurrence of the experienced beneficial mentoring relationships.
A Co-ligand Complex Anchors Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites to the Erythrocyte Invasion Receptor Band 3*

In Plasmodium falciparum malaria, erythrocyte invasion by circulating merozoites may occur via two distinct pathways involving either a sialic acid-dependent or -independent mechanism. Earlier, we identified two nonglycosylated exofacial regions of erythrocyte band 3 termed 5ABC and 6A as an important host receptor in the sialic acid-independent invasion pathway. 5ABC, a major segment of this receptor, interacts with the 42-kDa processing product of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP142) through its 19-kDa C-terminal domain. Here, we show that two regions of merozoite surface protein 9 (MSP9), also known as acidic basic repeat antigen, interact directly with 5ABC during erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum. Native MSP9 as well as recombinant polypeptides derived from two regions of MSP9 (MSP9/Δ1 and MSP9/Δ2) interacted with both 5ABC and intact erythrocytes. Soluble 5ABC added to the assay mixture drastically diminished the binding of MSP9 to erythrocytes. Recombinant MSP9/Δ1 and MSP9/Δ2 present in the culture medium blocked P. falciparum reinvasion into erythrocytes in vitro. Native MSP9 and MSP142, the two ligands binding to the 5ABC receptor, existed as a stable complex. Our results establish a novel concept wherein the merozoite exploits a specific complex of co-ligands on its surface to target a single erythrocyte receptor during invasion. This new paradigm poses a new challenge in the development of a vaccine for blood stage malaria.
The Privacy Problem in Big Bata Applications: An Empirical Study on Facebook

When using mobile phones, credit cards, electronic mail, browsing social networks etc., contemporary consumers leave behind thousands of digital footprints. Each footprint reflects actual actions that we take in given place and time. The analysis of thousands of such footprints conducted among large groups of people allows us to examine human behaviour on a scale that has never been imagined in scientific studies concerning psychology and sociology. The results of those analyses already have a significant influence on contemporary management, especially when it comes to new business opportunities in companies that employ business models based on the one-to-one relations with their customers. Nevertheless, this outstanding opportunity implies an enormous privacy problem. We will illustrate this issue by an empirical research based on the data gathered from Facebook, where users are using privacy controls that allow displaying their content only to a selected group of people. Users of such controls will likely continue positing more, even as their network grows or becomes sparser. We test these predictions using a dataset from Facebook gathered from a sample of college students and find statistical support for them. Our conclusions are that individuals are relatively prudent and are actually very aware of the social norms.
Social desirability bias , response order effect and selection effects in the new Dutch Safety Monitor

Recently, there has been a transition in the survey that measures perceived and actual safety in the Netherlands. This transition has caused significant discontinuities, especially for attitude questions related to the perception of the neighbourhood and the evaluation of the police performance. Different influences of the response order effect and social desirability bias and their interaction may explain these. Before the transition, the Safety Monitor (SM) was conducted annually with a net sample size of about 20,000 respondents nationwide. Parallel to the SM local authorities collected data on the same topics at a regional level, which gave rise to inconsistent regional and national data about safety feelings and crime victimization. Because of this, the SM and the regional surveys were combined into one new survey, the Integrated Safety Monitor (ISM). Apart from other differences between the methodologies of the two surveys, the ISM employs Web Survey and Self Completion Paper Questionnaires in addition to Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing and Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing as used by the SM. In autumn 2008, the ISM was performed for the first time with a net sample size of 62,803 respondents. To assess the effect of the modified methodology, the SM has been executed in parallel with a limited net sample size of 6,113 respondents. Comparison of ISM with SM results reveals that the survey transition has caused discontinuities in some key safety indicators that can be traced back in part to the different sets of response modes employed in the two surveys and their related effects.The role of selection effects may be limited