Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Mobile Device for Acoustic Coordinated Reset Neuromodulation Tinnitus Therapy.

BACKGROUND Sound-based tinnitus intervention stimuli include broad-band noise signals with subjectively adjusted bandwidths used as maskers delivered by commercial devices or hearing aids, environmental sounds broadly described and delivered by both consumer devices and hearing aids, music recordings specifically modified and delivered in a variety of different ways, and other stimuli. Acoustic coordinated reset neuromodulation therapy for tinnitus reduction has unique and more stringent requirements compared to all other sound-based tinnitus interventions. These include precise characterization of tinnitus pitch and loudness, and effective provision of patient-controlled daily therapy signals at defined frequencies, levels, and durations outside of the clinic. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate an approach to accommodate these requirements including evaluation of a mobile device, validation of an automated tinnitus pitch-matching algorithm and assessment of a patient's ability to control stimuli and collect repeated outcome measures. RESEARCH DESIGN The experimental design involved direct laboratory measurements of the sound delivery capabilities of a mobile device, comparison of an automated, adaptive pitch-matching method to a traditional manual method and measures of a patient's ability to understand and manipulate a mobile device graphic user interface to both deliver the therapy signals and collect the outcome measures. STUDY SAMPLE This study consisted of 5 samples of a common mobile device for the laboratory measures and a total of 30 adult participants: 15 randomly selected normal-hearing participants with simulated tinnitus for validation of a tinnitus pitch-matching algorithm and 15 sequentially selected patients already undergoing tinnitus therapy for evaluation of patient usability. INTERVENTION No tinnitus intervention(s) were specifically studied as a component of this study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data collection involved laboratory measures of mobile devices, comparison of manual and automated adaptive tinnitus pitch-matching psychoacoustic procedures in the same participant analyzed for absolute differences (t test), variance differences (f test), and range comparisons, and assessment of patient usability including questionnaire measures and logs of patient observations. RESULTS Mobile devices are able to reliably and accurately deliver the acoustic therapy signals. There was no difference in mean pitch matches (t test, p > 0.05) between an automated adaptive method compared to a traditional manual pitch-matching method. However, the variability of the automated pitch-matching method was much less (f test, p < 0.05) with twice as many matches within the predefined error range (±5%) compared to the manual pitch-matching method (80% versus 40%). After a short initial training, all participants were able to use the mobile device effectively and to perform the required tasks without further professional assistance.
Using Probabilistic Linkage of Multiple Databases to Describe Burn Injuries in Utah

More than 1 million burn injuries occur in the United States each year and as many as half of these injuries require medical treatment. Most data used to describe burns are from national databases derived from random or purposive samples of injuries. Few studies describe burn rates within a state. Comprehensive descriptions of burns are warranted so as to develop and monitor tailored prevention programs and to educate health care providers. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe all burns requiring acute medical care in Utah to define burn prevention and care issues within the state. Probabilistic linkage of five databases was performed. Probabilistic linkage identified all burn injuries occurring in Utah during a 5-year period that were treated by EMS, admitted to an emergency department or hospital/burn center, or resulted in death. During the 5-year study period, 24,934 burns were identified. More men than women were injured (61% compared with 39%, respectively). One third of burns occurred to individuals aged younger than 18 years and 3% occurred to the elderly (>65 years). The majority of injuries were treated in the emergency department. Scald burns were the most common etiology. The mortality rate was 0.4%. The results of this study and future studies using this methodology may be used to identify populations at increased risk for burns and to target burn prevention and outreach medical education more appropriately.
Universal discrete-time reservoir computers with stochastic inputs and linear readouts using non-homogeneous state-affine systems

A new class of non-homogeneous state-affine systems is introduced. Sufficient conditions are identified that guarantee first, that the associated reservoir computers with linear readouts are causal, time-invariant, and satisfy the fading memory property and second, that a subset of this class is universal in the category of fading memory filters with stochastic almost surely bounded inputs. This means that any discrete-time filter that satisfies the fading memory property with random inputs of that type can be uniformly approximated by elements in the non-homogeneous state-affine family.
Who Let the CAT Out of the Bag? Accurately Dealing with Substitutional Heterogeneity in Phylogenomic Analyses

&NA; As phylogenetic datasets have increased in size, site‐heterogeneous substitution models such as CAT‐F81 and CAT‐GTR have been advocated in favor of other models because they purportedly suppress long‐branch attraction (LBA). These models are two of the most commonly used models in phylogenomics, and they have been applied to a variety of taxa, ranging from Drosophila to land plants. However, many arguments in favor of CAT models have been based on tenuous assumptions about the true phylogeny, rather than rigorous testing with known trees via simulation. Moreover, CAT models have not been compared to other approaches for handling substitutional heterogeneity such as data partitioning with site‐homogeneous substitution models. We simulated amino acid sequence datasets with substitutional heterogeneity on a variety of tree shapes including those susceptible to LBA. Data were analyzed with both CAT models and partitioning to explore model performance; in total over 670,000 CPU hours were used, of which over 97% was spent running analyses with CAT models. In many cases, all models recovered branching patterns that were identical to the known tree. However, CAT‐F81 consistently performed worse than other models in inferring the correct branching patterns, and both CAT models often overestimated substitutional heterogeneity. Additionally, reanalysis of two empirical metazoan datasets supports the notion that CAT‐F81 tends to recover less accurate trees than data partitioning and CAT‐GTR. Given these results, we conclude that partitioning and CAT‐GTR perform similarly in recovering accurate branching patterns. However, computation time can be orders of magnitude less for data partitioning, with commonly used implementations of CAT‐GTR often failing to reach completion in a reasonable time frame (i.e., for Bayesian analyses to converge). Practices such as removing constant sites and parsimony uninformative characters, or using CAT‐F81 when CAT‐GTR is deemed too computationally expensive, cannot be logically justified. Given clear problems with CAT‐F81, phylogenies previously inferred with this model should be reassessed.
Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities

OBJECTIVE: Transgender children who have socially transitioned, that is, who identify as the gender “opposite” their natal sex and are supported to live openly as that gender, are increasingly visible in society, yet we know nothing about their mental health. Previous work with children with gender identity disorder (GID; now termed gender dysphoria) has found remarkably high rates of anxiety and depression in these children. Here we examine, for the first time, mental health in a sample of socially transitioned transgender children. METHODS: A community-based national sample of transgender, prepubescent children (n = 73, aged 3–12 years), along with control groups of nontransgender children in the same age range (n = 73 age- and gender-matched community controls; n = 49 sibling of transgender participants), were recruited as part of the TransYouth Project. Parents completed anxiety and depression measures. RESULTS: Transgender children showed no elevations in depression and slightly elevated anxiety relative to population averages. They did not differ from the control groups on depression symptoms and had only marginally higher anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Socially transitioned transgender children who are supported in their gender identity have developmentally normative levels of depression and only minimal elevations in anxiety, suggesting that psychopathology is not inevitable within this group. Especially striking is the comparison with reports of children with GID; socially transitioned transgender children have notably lower rates of internalizing psychopathology than previously reported among children with GID living as their natal sex.
The Difficulty of Faking Data

Most people have preconceived notions of randomness that often dif­ fer substantially from true random­ ness. A classroom favori te is the counterintuitive fact that, in a ran­ domly selected group of 23 people, the probability is bigger than 50% that at least two share the same birth­ day. A more serious example concern­ ing "false-positives" in medical testing is this: Suppose that a person is selected at random from a large pop­ ulation of which 1% are drug users and that a drug test is administered which is 98% reliable (i.e., drug users test positive with probability .98, and nonusers test negative with probabil­ ity .98). The somewhat surprising fact is that, if the test result is posi­ tive, then the person tested is never­ theless more than twice as lilzely to be a nonuser than a user. Similar surpris­ es concerning unexpected properties of truly random datasets make it dif­ ficult to fabricate numerical data suc­ cessfully. Misperceptions of Randomness
Uncertainties of fluxes and 13 C ∕ 12 C ratios of atmospheric reactive-gas emissions

Abstract. We provide a comprehensive review of the proxy data on the 13C ∕ 12C ratios and uncertainties of emissions of reactive carbonaceous compounds into the atmosphere, with a focus on CO sources. Based on an evaluated set-up of the EMAC model, we derive the isotope-resolved data set of its emission inventory for the 1997–2005 period. Additionally, we revisit the calculus required for the correct derivation of uncertainties associated with isotope ratios of emission fluxes. The resulting δ13C of overall surface CO emission in 2000 of −(25. 2 ± 0. 7) ‰ is in line with previous bottom-up estimates and is less uncertain by a factor of 2. In contrast to this, we find that uncertainties of the respective inverse modelling estimates may be substantially larger due to the correlated nature of their derivation. We reckon the δ13C values of surface emissions of higher hydrocarbons to be within −24 to −27 ‰ (uncertainty typically below ±1 ‰), with an exception of isoprene and methanol emissions being close to −30 and −60 ‰, respectively. The isotope signature of ethane surface emission coincides with earlier estimates, but integrates very different source inputs. δ13C values are reported relative to V-PDB.
A Systematic Review of Suicidality in People with Intellectual Disabilities

BackgroundSuicidality in people with intellectual disability has not been extensively researched. AimTo identify the nature of the research that has actually been conducted on this topic. MethodA search of research databases was conducted according to predefined criteria. Key information was extracted and rated for methodological merit. ResultsTwenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The aspects of suicidality investigated, which varied among studies, included suicidal attempts, behavior, ideation, and completed suicide. Thirteen studies highlighted risk factors for suicidality in this population. The most frequently noted risk factors were a concurrent mental health difficulty and the level of intellectual disability. Eight studies referred to people with intellectual disabilities’ understanding of the concept of death or suicide. Various methodological issues were identified in the studies included. ConclusionsIn what we believe to be first systematic review of suicidality in people with intellectual disabilities, it was apparent that well-designed, standardized research studies on the topic are scarce. There is consequently limited evidence to guide prevention and intervention strategies for suicidality in this population.
Studies on the effect of KOMIX humic acids containing organic fertilizer on spring soybean

This paper deals with the effects of KOMIX application on spring soybean. The results showed that KOMIX increased the soybean yield significantly, including the No. of seeds per plant, the No. of pods per plant, the seed weight per plant, the 100-seed weight, the chlorophyll contents; promoted the growth and development of the plants; increased the stem diameter; shortened the ripe period by 1～2 days. It is optimum to use KOMIX for soil treatment or spray at the seedling stage.
Real-time volumetric reconstruction of Manhattan indoor scenes from depth sequences

We propose an efficient 3D modeling method to support real-time volumetric reconstruction of indoor scenes based on sequential depth sequences captured from a RGB-D camera. Specifically, we want to reduce the cumulative error from sequential ICP registration due to noise and outliers in the depth data. We take advantage of the Manhattan frame assumption valid in most indoor scenes that can be used to facilitate large scale 3D surface registration. In our approach, the Manhattan frame is extracted from each depth frame and used for plane-to-plane frame alignment to initialize point-to-plane ICP surface registration. Experimental results on three different indoor datasets including LIDAR ground-truth data demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over the original ICP-based approaches to volumetric reconstruction.
Biological treatment of the knee with platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrates

ABSTRACT — Knee pathologies including focal cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis (OA), and ligament injuries are common. The poor regeneration and healing potential of cartilage has led to the search for other treatment modalities with improved healing capacity. Furthermore, with an increasing elderly population that desires to remain active, the burden of knee pathologies is expected to increase. Increased sports participation and the desire to return to activities faster is also demanding more effective and minimally invasive treatment options. Thus, the use of biologic agents in the treatment of knee pathologies has emerged as a potential option. Despite the increasing use of biologic agents for knee pathology, there are conflicting results on the efficacy of these products. Furthermore, strong data supporting the optimal preparation methods and composition for widely used biologic agents, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), largely remain absent from the literature. This review presents the literature on the most commonly employed biologic agents for the different knee pathologies.
The Relationship between Self-Rated Health and Health Status among Coronary Artery Patients

Objectives:This study examined the descriptive relationship of self-rated health (SRH) with various psychosocial measures, sociodemographic variables, coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnostic/clinical measures, and medically abstracted comorbidities. Methods:The sample was 2,855 individuals from the Mediators of Social Support (MOSS) study who had at least 75% narrowing in more than one vessel, as indicated by a cardiac catheterization. Results:After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, individuals who rated their health as poor/fair had significantly worse performance on all psychosocial measures and were more likely to be female, non-White, and of a lower socioeconomic status than those who rated their health as being good or better. There were few differences on SRH across various diagnostic/clinical measures of health. Discussion:A single item measure of SRH may be useful; the generalizability of the item must be considered. In this sample of CAD patients, SRH was related more to psychosocial factors than to clinical and disease indicators.
Managing huge point cloud data through geometrical-based registration

Point cloud data generated by laser scanners often comes in a very large file size, as it carries highly dense information of the scanned area. One of the ways to control and manage this huge data size is during the data collection process, where it can be conducted in smaller area of scanning, which can reduce the file size, and this is appreciated especially when dealing with bigger scale projects like building or life size monuments scanning. However, adapting this approach would require suitable registration methods in order to integrate and match the data together before further processing and reconstruction. This paper highlights on an automatic method of geometrical-based point cloud data registration, which work best when the scanning area are collected in half. In here, the geometrical entity representing both point clouds that need to be registered (i.e. straight surface) will be detected, and angle between the differences of these surfaces will be calculated before the second point cloud can be adjusted accordingly to be matched and registered with the first point cloud data. Experimental results on real point cloud data representing building interior shows that the algorithm works well in registering point cloud data together, hence making the process of handling huge point cloud data to be more manageable.
Recent Advances on Spectral–Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification: An Overview and New Guidelines

Imaging spectroscopy, also known as hyperspectral imaging, has been transformed in the last four decades from being a sparse research tool into a commodity product available to a broad user community. Specially, in the last 10 years, a large number of new techniques able to take into account the special properties of hyperspectral data have been introduced for hyperspectral data processing, where hyperspectral image classification, as one of the most active topics, has drawn massive attentions. Spectral–spatial hyperspectral image classification can achieve better classification performance than its pixel-wise counterpart, since the former utilizes not only the information of spectral signature but also that from spatial domain. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on the methods belonging to the category of spectral–spatial classification in a relatively unified context. First, we develop a concept of spatial dependency system that involves pixel dependency and label dependency, with two main factors: neighborhood covering and neighborhood importance. In terms of the way that the neighborhood information is used, the spatial dependency systems can be classified into fixed, adaptive, and global systems, which can accommodate various kinds of existing spectral–spatial methods. Based on such, the categorizations of single-dependency, bilayer-dependency, and multiple-dependency systems are further introduced. Second, we categorize the performings of existing spectral–spatial methods into four paradigms according to the different fusion stages wherein spatial information takes effect, i.e., preprocessing-based, integrated, postprocessing-based, and hybrid classifications. Then, typical methodologies are outlined. Finally, several representative spectral–spatial classification methods are applied on real-world hyperspectral data in our experiments.
Simplified one dimensional space vector modulation of cross-switched multilevel inverter

Multilevel inverters play an important role in the field of high power and medium voltage control. As the usage of multilevel inverters are significantly increasing in every sector of power system industries, it has also introduced some new challenges. The most common challenge while using a multilevel inverter on high power conditions, is the increased number of power electronic components. This paper investigates a cross switched topology of single phase multilevel inverter with reduced number of power electronic components. It also discusses about the implementation of a simplified one dimensional space vector modulation technique (SVM) to control the multilevel inverter. The studies are performed based on a digital computer simulation approach using the MATLAB Simulink software. Additionally a hardware implementation of the complete topology was also done using TMS320F28335 board. A comprehensive analysis of one dimensional SVM modulation technique is briefly studied to validate the inverter. Finally, a comparative analysis between this topology and other recently developed topologies is discussed.
Correlation of Electropenetrography Waveforms From Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) Feeding on Cotton Squares With Chemical Evidence of Inducible Tannins

Abstract Probing behavior of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) has previously been characterized with electropenetrography (EPG). Cell rupturing (CR) and ingestion (I) EPG waveforms were identified as the two main stylet-probing behaviors by adult L. lineolaris. However, characterization and identification of EPG waveforms are not complete until specific events of a particular waveform are correlated to insect probing. With the use of EPG, histology, microscopy, and chemical analysis, probing behavior of L. lineolaris on pin-head cotton squares was studied. Occurrences of waveforms CR and I were artificially terminated during the EPG recording. Histological samples of probed cotton squares were prepared and analyzed to correlate specific types and occurrences of feeding damage location and plant responses to insect feeding. Both CR and I occurred in the staminal column of the cotton square. Cell rupturing events elicited the production of dark-red deposits seen in histological staining that were demonstrated via chemical analysis to contain condensed tannins. We hypothesize that wounding and saliva secreted during CR triggered release of tannins, because tannin production was positively correlated with the number of probes with single CR events performed by L. lineolaris. Degraded plant tissue and tannins were removed from the staminal column during occurrence of waveform I. These results conclude the process of defining CR and I as probing waveforms performed by L. lineolaris on pin-head cotton squares. These biological definitions will now allow EPG to be used to quantitatively compare L. lineolaris feeding among different plant treatments, with the goal of improving pest management tactics against this pest.