Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Family Environment Characteristics Among White (Non‐Hispanic), Hispanic, and African Caribbean Groups

To investigate differences in the family environments of different cultural groups, the Family Environment Scale and a clinical interview were administered to 153 college students from White (non-Hispanic), Hispanic, and African Caribbean backgrounds. A multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences between the groups on the Expressiveness, Independence, and Moral-Religious Emphasis subscales. Para investigar las distinciones en los ambientes familiares entre grupos culturales diferentes, la Escala del Ambiente Familiar (FES) y una entrevista clinica fueron administradas a 153 estudiantes colegiales Blancos (no-Hispanos), Hispanos, y Africano-Caribenos. Un analisis de la covariancia multivariado y comparaciones post hoes revelaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en Expresividad, Independencia, y Enfasis Moral-Religioso.
Anatomical Correlates of Directional Hypokinesia in Patients with Hemispatial Neglect

Unilateral spatial neglect (neglect) is a syndrome characterized by perceptual deficits that prevent patients from attending and responding to the side of space and of the body opposite a damaged hemisphere (contralesional side). Neglect also involves motor deficits: patients may be slower to initiate a motor response to targets appearing in the left hemispace, even when using their unaffected arm (directional hypokinesia). Although this impairment is well known, its anatomical correlate has not been established. We tested 52 patients with neglect after right hemisphere stroke, and conducted an anatomical analysis on 29 of them to find the anatomical correlate of directional hypokinesia. We found that patients with directional hypokinesia had a lesion involving the ventral lateral putamen, the claustrum, and the white matter underneath the frontal lobe. Most importantly, none of the patients without directional hypokinesia had a lesion in the same region. The localization of neglect's motor deficits to the basal ganglia establishes interesting homologies with animal data; it also suggests that a relative depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway on the same side of the lesion may be an important pathophysiological mechanism potentially amenable to intervention.
The experience of being a participant in one’s own care at discharge and at home, following a severe acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a longitudinal study

ABSTRACT Purpose: In healthcare related to hospital discharge and follow-up, it is acknowledged that patient participation can strengthen self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the meaning of participation in care following a severe acute exacerbation is less described. Therefore, the aim of this part of a larger study was to explore patients’ experiences of participating in their care around discharge and in their subsequent day-to-day care at home. Method: The study was designed as a qualitative, longitudinal study. Data were collected by repeated participant observations and in-depth interviews with 15 patients within a period of 18 months post-discharge. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the data. Results: Before discharge, the patients struggled to regain a sense of control in their efforts to build up strength, and acquire sufficient clarity and confidence to face self-management at home. At home, the patients strived to comply with advice and encouragement in a struggle to stay motivated and confident, and to ask for help. Conclusions: With more knowledge about patients’ participation in care, healthcare professionals can encounter patients in ways that are sensitive to their specific care and support needs and, thereby, contribute to the promotion of patients’ health and well‐being.
The secretion of urine by premature infants

Previous work on the secretion of urine by full-term newborn infants has shown that their kidneys function rather differently from those of adults (McCance and Young, 1941). Premature infants have now been investigated because it was thought that the differences in function might be even greater at the earlier stages of development. Several oedematous infants have been included in the investigations, since Hallum's (1941) work suggested that had this not been done the work would have been incomplete. This author found that in a large series of infants 13-4 per cent. of those with a maturity of less than thirty-six weeks at birth developed ' oedema of the newborn,' whereas only 1-2 per cent. of those born at or nearer full term showed any sign of it. In Hallum's series the oedema always appeared within two or three days of birth, usually in the lower limbs, face, hands and genitalia. It was transient as a rule and subsided in about a week, but less frequently it progressed to generalized anasarca. Oedema of the lungs and of the larynx was sometimes observed in the later stages. The etiology is obscure and the literature not helpful. Hallum made a partial study of the blood chemistry and found that oedematous infants usually had high blood ureas. The range was 36 to 140 mgm. per 100 c.c. and the average 67 mgm. per 100 c.c. as against the ' normal ' limits of 21 to 39 mgm. per 100 c.c. (Strictly speaking no premature infant can be regarded as normal, but in this article the infants who did not have oedema have been so designated.) The urine was noted to be scanty and 86 per cent. of the specimens contained a trace of albumin. This last, however, was not considered pathological, as von Reuss (1913) had found that 96 per cent. of the infants examined by him had albuminuria during the first four days of life. Histological examination of the kidneys of oedematous infants revealed no abnormality.
Organizational culture and its relationship between job tension in measuring outcomes among business executives

Investigates the nature of role stressors and its impact on job tension in predicting outcome constructs. The research examines the relationship that exists between the three organizational cultures and the role stressors within a business environment. The best fit model is statistically created and tested by applying a structural equation model. The results indicate that a constructive culture will significantly reduce role stressors, thereby: decreasing job tension and increasing job satisfaction, job performance, and job commitment. The corporate culture’s taproot is the organization’s beliefs and philosophy in how it conducts business. Beliefs and practices that become embedded in a company’s culture can originate from a number of sources. The beliefs, vision, objectives, and business approaches and practices supporting a company’s strategy may be compatible with its culture or possibly not. When they are, the culture becomes a valuable ally in strategy implementation and execution. When this is not a.
Artistic Composition for Painterly Rendering

We present a technique for painterly renderings that follows a decomposition of the canvas into a set of regions and layers (coarse to fine). The regions reflect the spatial arrangement of the composition and the order in which the painting is to be created (typically back to front), and are produced in a way that new strokes only minimally paint over existing ones. Layers reflect the application of tools and are optimized for certain brush sizes. The number of strokes and colors that are needed to represent an input image are minimized by this decomposition, which is good for software, but essential for hardware-based rendering. Our method allows us to apply different painting styles to different regions as well as layers, and to create painterly renderings with more artistic freedom. We demonstrate our decomposition technique on images that are processed using hierarchical segmentation techniques.
‘Smash it again, Sam’: Verbs of cutting and breaking in Jalonke

Abstract This paper investigates the semantic and syntactic properties of cutting and breaking verbs in Jalonke. Semantic features relevant for these Jalonke verbs are control of the effector over the locus of impact, subcategorization for specific manners/instruments, and the theme being a whole vs. already detached from an entity. The latter distinction is unattested in other languages. Syntactically, the verbs fall into two classes: cut verbs with a transitive argument structure, and break verbs with causative and inchoative argument structure options. The existence of a class of exclusively transitive break verbs, despite the existence of the causative/inchoative alternation in Jalonke, is not expected in recent theories of argument structure.
Heart failure: tools for nursing and medical treatment.

BACKGROUND To validate a structured interview designed to evaluate the healthcare and information needs of patients with heart failure (HF), who were also characterized by means of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). METHODS Forty-five in- and outpatients with HF were administered a structured interview concerning their information and healthcare needs (together with the KCCQ and SF-36) with the aim of investigating the effects of healthcare models on their quality of life (QoL). Twenty-one patients were also involved in a one-week test-retest validity study carried out in order to verify reproducibility and stability by means of concordance and K statistics. RESULTS The reproducibility of the structured interview was good or very good for all items, with a mean Kw of 0.59; the clarity and acceptability of most of the questions were good. Positive judgements of hospital care inversely related to the patients' New York Heart Association class. The subjects about which the patients sought greater information were diet, sleep, therapies and physical exercise, with cardiologists and general practitioners (GPs) being more involved than nurses. The most frequently discussed subject was diagnostic examinations. The questionnaire scores of our patients were generally lower than those reported in the literature, possibly because of their advanced age. However, it is difficult to believe that the quality of care was extraneous to their generally worse health-related QoL. CONCLUSIONS Our HF patients experienced a 'basic' healthcare model (hospitals, GPs, cardiologists) and judged them acceptable. Their ability to think critically about care was increasingly compromised as HF progressed and their health-related QoL decreased.
Modelling planar polarity of epithelia: the role of signal relay in collective cell polarization

Collective cell polarization is an important characteristic of tissues. Epithelia commonly display cellular structures that are polarized within the plane of the tissue. Establishment of this planar cell polarity requires mechanisms that locally align polarized structures between neighbouring cells, as well as cues that provide global information about alignment relative to an axis of a tissue. In the Drosophila ovary, the cadherin Fat2 is required to orient actin filaments located at the basal side of follicle cells perpendicular to the long axis of the egg chamber. The mechanisms directing this orientation of actin filaments, however, remain unknown. Here we show, using genetic mosaic analysis, that fat2 is not essential for the local alignment of actin filaments between neighbouring cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that Fat2 is involved in the propagation of a cue specifying the orientation of actin filaments relative to the tissue axis. Monte Carlo simulations of actin filament orientation resemble the results of the genetic mosaic analysis, if it is assumed that a polarity signal can propagate from a signal source only through a connected chain of wild-type cells. Our results suggest that Fat2 is required for propagating global polarity information within the follicle epithelium through direct cell–cell contact. Our computational model might be more generally applicable to study collective cell polarization in tissues.
Stereotypes about caregiving and lessons from the Swedish panorama of care

This article analyzes the panorama of care provision in Sweden from the informal carers' perspective. We consider informal care, publicly financed services, for-profit agencies and voluntary organizations, using a survey conducted in 2009. Most cared-for persons with minor needs living in a separate household are helped also by others, but only a tenth use public services or other providers. About half of cared-for persons with major needs living in a separate household receive care also from other informal carers as well as public services. Only 1 in 10 of them relied on no one else beyond the carer interviewed. Among intra household carers—a minority of all persons cared for—it was common that the carer was alone in his/her commitment, without any contributions from public services or others. For the large majority of informal carers it is not a solitary undertaking as the commitment is often shared with family members and others and/or public services. The results suggest that ideal types about complementarity and substitution may understate the complex interplay between informal care and the public services (and potential other providers). The findings may suggest a need for more empirical research about ‘Care Cultures’ and expose simplistic representations of welfare societies; informal care plays a major—and increasing—role also in Sweden, a country with extensive public services.
Extended-spectrum ß-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections in Sri Lanka

Background Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are increasingly reported as pathogens in urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, in Sri Lanka, the clinical and molecular epidemiology of ESBL-PE implicated in UTIs has not been well described. Materials and Methods We conducted prospective, laboratory-based surveillance from October to December 2013 at a tertiary care hospital in southern Sri Lanka and enrolled patients ≥1 year of age with clinically relevant UTIs due to ESBL-PE. Isolate identity, antimicrobial drug susceptibility, and ESBL production were determined. Presence of ß-lactamase genes, bla SHV, bla TEM, and bla CTX-M, was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results During the study period, Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 184 urine samples, with 74 (40.2%) being ESBL producers. Among 47 patients with ESBL-PE who had medical records available, 38 (80.9%) had clinically significant UTIs. Most UTIs (63.2%) were community acquired and 34.2% were in patients with diabetes. Among 36 cultured ESBL-PE isolates, significant susceptibility (>80%) was only retained to amikacin and the carbapenems. The group 1 bla CTX-M gene was present in 90.0% of Escherichia coli isolates and all Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates. The bla SHV and bla TEM genes were more common in K. pneumoniae (75% and 50%) and E. cloacae (50% and 50%) isolates than in E. coli (10% and 20%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion The majority of UTIs caused by ESBL-PE were acquired in the community and due to organisms carrying the group 1 CTX-M ß-lactamase. Further epidemiologic studies of infections due to ESBL-PE are urgently needed to better prevent and treat these infections in South Asia.
Analog to Digital Converters

This chapter looks at the analog to digital conversion (ADC) capability of the MSP430 [1–3]. ADCs allow embedded computers to convert analog voltages into digital values so that they can be monitored in real-time and trigger responses. The MSP430FR2355 contains a 12-bit ADC core that can perform conversions on up to 16 user-selected inputs. This chapter gives an overview of the ADC peripheral on the MSP430FR2355 and how to design a program in C to use it.
Men’s health in alternative spaces: exploring men’s sheds in Ireland

Men often struggle to find or gain access to meaningful health services. Despite, or because of this trend, men are increasingly seeking out alternative sources of support for their wellbeing. Global health conversations and policies are calling for a greater awareness of men's heath issues, uptake of gender-sensitive strategies and integration of community and voluntary sectors. Men's Sheds, which are community and volunteer-run spaces for men, are increasing in popularity for men across Ireland. This study aimed to investigate men's experiences as members of Men's Sheds and the relationship between their involvement in the Shed and their wellbeing. Qualitative methods including: semi-structured interviews, focus groups and observations were used with men (n = 27) from five different Sheds across Ireland. Findings suggest that key features of Shed participation (i.e. using and developing new skills, feeling a sense of belonging, supporting and being supported by peers, and contributing to community) contribute to men's overall wellbeing as well as men's buy-in or support for Men's Sheds. Despite support for Men's Sheds, negotiating membership, funding and boundaries of peer support remain persistent challenges that threaten the sustainability of Shed space and membership. Future work that examines opportunities for meaningful collaboration between Sheds and surrounding community services could help provide more pathways for men to access support without compromising the integrity and intentionality of Sheds as peer-run spaces.
Array nonrecursive degrees and genericity

A class of r.e. degrees, called the array nonrecursive degrees, previously studied by the authors in connection with multiple permitting arguments relative to r.e. sets, is extended to the degrees in general. This class contains all degrees which satisfy a 00 > (a 0 0) 0 (i.e. a 2 GL 2) but in addition there exist low r.e. degrees which are array nonrecursive (a.n.r.). Many results for GL 2 degrees extend to the a.n. r. degrees and thus to certain low degrees. A new notion of genericity (called pb-genericity) is introduced which is intermediate between 1-genericity and 2-genericity. It is shown that the upward closure of the pb-generic degrees is the set of a.n. r. degrees.
The Effects of Social Support From Friends on Anxiety and Task Performance1

The effects of social support provided by a friend on anxiety reduction and task performance were investigated. While the experimentally manipulated social support from a same-gender friend did not reduce the subject's state anxiety and had a weak facilitating effect on task performance in comparison with that from a same-gender stranger, the nonmanipulated, spontaneous social support of a friend reduced the subject? s state anxiety and had a facilitating effect on task performance more than in the case of the stranger's support. These results were discussed in terms of congruence in the provider's and the recipient's perceptions of social support exchanges, and in terms of the specificity model.
Helicobacter pylori as a potential target for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection and changes in best-corrected visual acuity and macular detachment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. METHODS: Seventeen patients diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy were examined for gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori using the urease test and gastric biopsy. Helicobacter pylori-positive patients were treated with the appropriate medication. The response to therapy was monitored by evaluating the best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test before and after treatment. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (15 eyes) aged 30-56 years (mean 43.4±8.3 years) were positive for Helicobacter pylori. Most of the positive patients had gastric symptoms (78.5%); one had bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy. The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 20/98 (logMAR = 0.53±0.28). Three months after starting treatment with antibiotics, the serous detachment had resolved in 14 of 15 eyes, but two cases required laser treatment. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 27 months. The mean final best-corrected visual acuity differed significantly from baseline. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection may be present in many chronic central serous chorioretinopathy patients and that treatment for the infection may have a favorable effect on the outcome of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Due to the possibility of the spontaneous regression of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and the high prevalence of the infection in the general population, prospective and masked clinical trials are necessary to confirm that treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection may benefit patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
Work outcomes in family-aided assertive community treatment: vocational rehabilitation for persons with psychotic disorders

Although there is still controversy about the ultimate wisdom of deinstitutionalization, states generally are continuing to implement this policy (Gralnick, 1985; Okin, 1985; Minkoff, 1987; Lamb, 1991). Hospital census continues to decline and the present mental health agency administrations of most states and countries have embarked on major initiatives to develop treatment and rehabilitation capacity in the local community for the severely mentally ill (SMI) (Bachrach, 1991). Central among these is an emphasis on psychiatric rehabilitation as a core element in the treatment philosophy and in the everyday practice of all clinicians who deal with the SMI population. During the recent era of deinstitutionalization, as community support programs have become increasingly effective in preventing rehospitalization, interest in rehabilitation of the stable, but poorly functioning, mentally ill patient has increased. One perspective on rehabilitation is to divide existing approaches into two categories. In the first, the conventional vocational rehabilitation)) (CVR) model, patients are referred to relatively large, specialized sheltered workshops and vocational training programs, reflecting rehabilitation methods used in state hospitals before deinstitutionalization or approaches adapted from rehabilitation of the physically disabled. These have generally been discrete facilities, in which psychiatric treatment and case management are provided by another, separate mental health clinic. These services have tended to assume that many mentally ill persons will be unable to participate in competitive jobs. One
Cross-Country Differences in Stock Market Development: A Cultural View

Although during the last decades the importance of stock markets has increased in all OECD countries, the cross-country differences appear to be remarkably stable. In this paper we relate the factors determining cross-country differences in stock market activity to deeply rooted norms and values in the society, which are represented by the position of countries on cultural dimensions. Stock markets are relatively more important in countries where inhabitants accept more uncertainty and regard competition as a good way of interacting. These attitudes are represented by the national scores on the dimensions of Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity. Recent research shows that the differences between countries on these cultural dimensions are very enduring, which suggests that, provided no large shocks occur, the differences in importance of the stock market are likely to persist.