Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low-Energy Multi-Threaded Processor Design for Application Specific Embedded Systems

Energy consumption is a critical issue in embedded systems design. A basic way for an embedded processor system to be energy efficient is to complete execution early and consume low power. Multi threaded processors interleave thread execution, reducing the processor’s idle time, hence the overall execution time. Caches moderate the long and power hungry external memory accesses, allowing for both performance improvement and power saving. However, when the two techniques are applied together, the efficiency of the design may not be as high as expected. The multi threaded execution can adversely interfere cache operations, increasing cache misses and leading to overall performance loss and large energy consumption. This paper presents a microarchitecture level design to enable the synergy of the two design techniques for embedded processors. Particularly we focus on a single pipeline processor with an instruction cache for applications that offer embarrassing parallelism. Such a design can be used as a building block processor for large computing systems. We propose a thread synchronization and cache locking scheme to allow cached instructions to be maximally reused by all threads. The experiments on a set of applications show that for the designs with 1 way cache and 300MB memory, an average of 26% baseline energy can be saved, and the energy savings become more significant when the memory size is increased.
THE FATE OF BIGUANIDES IN MAN

Much research has been done to elucidate the mechanism of action of the hypoglycemic biguanides. Their metabolism in man and animal has also been studied to someextent; '-lo the former, however, requires further investigation. This paper constitutes a summary of the present knowledge regarding the elimination and fate of buformin and phenformin in man, taking into account previous reports by Beckmann' and by Beckmann and Hubner. Emphasis is laid on new aspects; data corroborating earlier findings are referred to briefly. The formulae of the two biguanides are: 8
Minimum Wages and the Integration of Refugee Immigrants

This paper is the first to estimate the effects of minimum wages on the unemployment of refugee immigrants. The collectively agreed minimum wages raise both the incidence of unemployment and days in unemployment considerably for male refugees in Sweden; different estimation methods and models yield robust elasticities in the 1.8–2.0 range. The effects for young natives are about half as large. There are heterogeneous effects with regard to country of origin and time of residence in Sweden for both male and female refugees. We account for spatial trends – a concern in some of the recent literature – as well as industrial trends. It turns out that only the latter affect our results.
Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Effect of Maropitant, a Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy

Maropitant is a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that can be used for pain management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous infusion of two doses of maropitant on cardiorespiratory parameters and its postoperative analgesic effect in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Thirty cats were randomly assigned to one of three groups (10 cats each group): the control group (CG) received a continuous infusion of 10 ml/kg/h Ringer's lactate; GM30 and GM100 first received an intravenous (IV) bolus of 1 mg/kg maropitant; GM30 then received continuous infusion of 30 μg/kg/h maropitant; and GM100 then received continuous infusion of 100 μg/kg/h maropitant. The maropitant was diluted into Ringer's lactate and the GM30 and GM100 also received fluids intraoperatively. In all groups, premedication included intramuscular injections of morphine and acepromazine, followed by induction with propofol and maintenance with isoflurane. Temperature, heart rate (HR), Doppler blood pressure (DBP), respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and measuring the end-tidal carbon dioxide and isoflurane were monitored. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale and the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale in cats; morphine was used for analgesic rescue. During the surgical procedure, cats in GM100 demonstrated lower HR and DBP than those in CG. With regard to the evaluation of postoperative pain, GM100 required the least frequent morphine rescue and less rescue analgesia compared with CG. In conclusion, cats in GM100 maintained lower DBP and HR and required lower analgesic rescue during the postoperative period. The results suggested that animals receiving maropitant bolus (1 mg/kg) plus (100 μg/kg/h) experienced greater postoperative comfort, reflected by the lesser need for analgesic rescue. The use of maropitant in surgical procedures in cats contributes to postoperative comfort.
Alzheimer's disease after remote head injury: an incidence study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a history of remote head injury as a risk factor for subsequent dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: 271 participants of a community based longitudinal study of aging in north Manhattan without evidence of significant cognitive impairment were interrogated for a history of head injury on two occasions at entry into the study. The examining physician sought a history of head injury with loss of conciousness. Independently, a risk factor interviewer inquired about a history of head injury with loss of consiousness or amnesia, the duration of any loss of consiousness, and the date of the head injury. Patients were followed up with standardised annual evaluations for up to five years to determine the first occurrence of dementia. RESULTS: Over the course of the study incident dementia due to probable or possible Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed in 39 patients. Cox proportional hazards modelling showed that a history of head injury with loss of consiousness reported to the physician was associated with earlier onset of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (relative risk (RR) = 4.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-12.7). head injury with loss of consiousness or amnesia reported to the risk factor interviewer was not significantly associated with earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease overall (RR 2.0, 95% CI 0.7-6.2), but those who reported loss of consiousness exceeding five minutes were at significantly increased risk (RR 11.2, 95% CI 2.3-59.8). Incident Alzheimer's disease was significantly associated with head injury which occurred within the preceding 30 years (RR 5.4, 95% CI 1.5-19.5). CONCLUSION: The results of this cohort study are consistent with the findings of several case-control studies suggesting that head injury may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
High-avidity Autoreactive CD4+ T Cells Induce Host CTL, Overcome Tregs and Mediate Tumor Destruction

Despite progress made over the past 25 years, existing immunotherapies have limited clinical effectiveness in patients with cancer. Immune tolerance consistently blunts the generated immune response, and the largely solitary focus on CD8+ T cell immunity has proven ineffective in the absence of CD4+ T cell help. To address these twin-tier deficiencies, we developed a translational model of melanoma immunotherapy focused on the exploitation of high-avidity CD4+ T cells that become generated in germline antigen-deficient mice. We had previously identified a tyrosinase-related protein-1 specific HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted epitope. Using this epitope in conjunction with a newly described tyrosinase-related protein-1 germline-knockout, we demonstrate that endogenous tyrosinase-related protein-1 expression alters the functionality of the autoreactive T cell repertoire. More importantly, we show, by using major histocompatibility complex-mismatched combinations, that CD4+ T cells derived from the self-antigen deficient host indirectly triggers the eradication of established B16 lung metastases. We demonstrate that the treatment effect is mediated entirely by endogenous CD8+ T cells and is not affected by the depletion of host regulatory T cells. These findings suggest that high-avidity CD4+ T cells can overcome endogenous conditions and mediate their antitumor effects exclusively through the elicitation of CD8+ T cell immunity.
Revisiting why students drop CS1

This paper describes a qualitative study of the factors that contribute to a student's decision to withdraw from CS1. Individual interviews were held with 18 students in a majors-focused CS1 at a large, research-intensive North American university, and results both validate and extend previous work on the experience of students who struggle in introductory computer science. In particular, our analysis confirms the complexity of the decision to drop, with students citing a combination of interrelated factors that contribute to the decision. Lack of time, combined with ineffective study strategies or with a prioritization of other courses, were the most commonly cited combinations of factors. Interestingly, when compared to the experience of students who chose to complete the course, there is evidence that students encounter a decision point when they realize they are or soon will be behind. Students who drop speak of focusing on other priorities or being unable to catch up, while students who complete speak of understanding the need to use new techniques for learning and increasing their efforts.
Anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibodies and pregnancy outcome in antiphospholipid syndrome

The relation between pregnancy outcome and single‐ or double‐positivity of anticardiolipin (aCL) and β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has yet to be clearly documented. In this article, a total of 191 lupus anticoagulant‐negative pregnant women with primary APS were retrospectively divided into three groups: aCL+/aβ2GPI−; aCL+/aβ2GPI+; aCL−/aβ2GPI+. All women had received medical therapy consisting of prednisone (10–15 mg/day), low‐dose aspirin (50 mg/day), and low molecular weight heparin (40 mg/day). The miscarriage rate in the double‐positive group was significantly higher than that in the aCL+/aβ2GPI− group (46.2% vs. 22.1%, p < 0.05); the miscarriage rate in the aCL−/aβ2GPI+ group (36.4%) was not significantly different from the rates of the other two groups (p > 0.05). Thus, double‐positivity may be a risk factor for pregnancy loss and aβ2GPI antibody may be a better prognostic marker than aCL antibody for pregnancy outcome.
Botulinum toxin type A reduces hyperalgesia and TRPV1 expression in rats with neuropathic pain.

OBJECTIVE We aim to determine the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on the thresholds of pain and the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rats with neuropathic pain induced by selective ventral root transection (VRT). METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced by transection of the lumbar 5 ventral root in male Sprague-Dawley rats. BTX-A or saline was administered to the plantar surface by subcutaneous injection. SB366791 (an inhibitor of TRPV1) was administered intraperitoneally. Behavioral tests were conducted preoperatively and at predefined postoperative days. The expression of TRPV1 was detected and quantified by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting at postoperative days 3, 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS TRPV1 expression increased significantly in the L4 ∼5 dorsal root ganglia 7 days after L5 VRT compared with the sham-operated control (P < 0.05). This increase persisted for at least 21 days. The thresholds of foot withdrawal to mechanical and thermal stimulation decreased significantly as well. Subcutaneous injection of BTX-A significantly and dose-dependently reduced the expression of TRPV1 (P < 0.05) and partially reversed the pain thresholds. CONCLUSION Upregulation of TRPV1 expression in the DRG is an important mechanism of neuropathic pain induced by the VRT. The analgesic effect of BTX-A is most likely mediated through reduction of TRPV1 expression in the nociceptors.
Comparative Evaluation of BacT/ALERT 3D and BACTEC Systems for the Recovery of Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections

Objective: To compare BacT/ALERT (BTA) and BACTEC 9240 (BAC), two continuously monitoring automated blood culture systems, for the recovery of bloodstream pathogens and standard media available for these systems. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 100 adults and 50 paediatric patients suspected of having bloodstream infections were inoculated at the bedside into non-vented BTA and BAC standard blood culture bottles and incubated in their respective instruments. The time to growth detection (TD) was recorded for each bottle that became positive. A quantitative assay was also carried out with 5 standard bloodstream pathogens to assess TD of each pathogen as well as the quantity of organisms recovered. Results: A total of 23 isolates representing true infections were recovered by both BTA and BAC bottles, indicating ablood culture positivity rate of 15.3%, 18 (78.3%) by BTA bottles and 13 (56.5%) by BAC. Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostridium perfringens were recovered only by the BTA system. The average TDs were 19.0 and 24.6 h for BTA and BAC, respectively. Analysis of the quantitative growth of known pathogens in both systems was more or less the same for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa but slightly different for Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The anaerobic bottle ofthe BTA did not support the growth of H. influenzae below an inoculum of 1010 CFU/ml whereas the BAC did so at a lower inoculum of 108 CFU/ml. TD for S. pneumoniae in the BTA was about half of that in the BAC. Conclusions: The BTA system appears to be more efficient in detecting common bloodstream pathogens asa higher inoculum is needed for the BAC system to detect the same organism.
A Question of Legitimacy? A Dynamic Perspective on Multinational Firm Control

The control and coordination of a network of geographically and culturally dispersed subsidiaries is one of the most prominent challenges in international management. However, many empirical findings on the effectiveness of various control mechanisms and combinations thereof are still counterintuitive. This study uses longitudinal case studies and cross-sectional interview data to extend control theory by examining why, how, and in what sequence large multinational firms MNCs implement controls in their networks of foreign subsidiaries. Our analysis draws from literature on institutional theory, embeddedness, and organizational power to demonstrate that MNC headquarters need to overcome institutional duality when implementing their controls abroad. We find that headquarters do so by using social controls, primarily as a way of legitimizing and institutionalizing their process and output controls that are implemented subsequently.
Convergence of Subtangent-Based Relaxations of Nonlinear Programs

Convex relaxations of functions are used to provide bounding information to deterministic global optimization methods for nonconvex systems. To be useful, these relaxations must converge rapidly to the original system as the considered domain shrinks. This article examines the convergence rates of convex outer approximations for functions and nonlinear programs (NLPs), constructed using affine subtangents of an existing convex relaxation scheme. It is shown that these outer approximations inherit rapid second-order pointwise convergence from the original scheme under certain assumptions. To support this analysis, the notion of second-order pointwise convergence is extended to constrained optimization problems, and general sufficient conditions for guaranteeing this convergence are developed. The implications are discussed. An implementation of subtangent-based relaxations of NLPs in Julia is discussed and is applied to example problems for illustration.
Summary a C Ta a C Ta a – Study Design B – Data Collection C – Statistical Analysis D – Data Interpretation E – Manuscript Preparation F – Literature Search G – Funds Collection

The aim of this review article is to present the problems of sexual functioning of patients with epilepsy. The generally available subject literature concerning the debated issue was analyzed, as well as the non-indexed publications. The impact of epilepsy on the quality of sexual life is indisputable, and the sources confirming that date back to antiquity. Nowadays , the relationship between epileptic seizures and sexual satisfaction is examined on four levels: disorders and sexual sensations associated with epileptic seizures; sexual dys-function occurring between the seizures; the impact of sexual activity on epileptic seizures; the impact of antiepileptic drugs on the sexual life of patients. Research suggests that the problems associated with the suppression of sexuality or a reduced satisfaction with one's sex life, affects 22 to 60%. This discrepancy suggests a lack of consistency and the complexity of the problem. Beside appropriate treatment it is also important that physicians do not skip aspects of the sexual functioning of patients with epilepsy, which seems to be neglected, if not least because of the very small number of publications on this issue. Sexual satisfaction may not always be contrary to the occurring of epileptic seizures. It is to be understood as a result of the adaptation of the patients to the disease, and as the specific impact of psychosocial factors.
Hepatic Resection for Hepatic Metastases from Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Purpose The effects of hepatic resection on patients with metastatic tumors from gastric adenocarcinomas are unclear. Therefore, we analyzed early clinical outcomes in patients who underwent surgical resection for hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods From January 2003 to December 2010, 1,508 patients with primary gastric cancers underwent curative gastric resections at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Of these patients, 12 with liver-only metastases underwent curative hepatic resection. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results The median follow-up period was 12.5 months (range, 1~85 months); no operative mortalities or major complications were observed. Three patients underwent synchronous resections, and 9 underwent metachronous resections. In the latter group, the median interval between gastrectomy and hepatectomy for hepatic metastasis was 10.5 months (range, 5~47 months). The overall 1- and 5-year survival rates of these 12 patients were 65% and 39%, respectively, with a median overall survival of 31.0 months; 2 patients survived for >5 years. Conclusions Hepatic resection can be a feasible procedure for treating hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinomas. Although this study was small and involved only selected cases, the outcomes of the hepatic resections were comparable and long-term (>5 years) survivors were identified. Surgical resection of the liver can be considered a feasible option in managing hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinomas.
Pim-1 inhibitor SMI-4a suppresses tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Background: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of proviral integration site for moloney murine leukemia virus-1 (Pim-1) inhibitor (SMI-4a) on the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: The effects of SMI-4a on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of NSCLC cells were examined by in vitro experiments using human NSCLC cell lines (A549 and Ltep-a-2). The pathway regulated by SMI-4a was detected using Western blot. Furthermore, we performed in vivo experiments to assess the effects of SMI-4a on tumor growth using mouse models with NSCLC. Results: Our data demonstrated that SMI-4a could inhibit the proliferation of A549 and Ltep-a-2 cells markedly in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Treatment with 80 μmol/L of SMI-4a for 48 h significantly induced the apoptosis rate of NSCLC cells (P<0.05), and blocked the cell cycle of NSCLC cells in G2/M phase (P<0.05). The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in NSCLC cells were significantly downregulated by SMI-4a (P<0.05). Result from in vivo experiments demonstrated that SMI-4a could suppress the tumor growth in mouse models with NSCLC (P<0.05). Conclusions: SMI-4a suppresses the progression of NSCLC by blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Emotional Intelligence as an Important Asset for HR in Organizations: Leaders and Employees

Emotional intelligence (EI) is related to emotions and emotional information. It has attracted great attention among researchers and Human Resource (HR) practitioners because of its contribution towards leaders and employees and its key role for the organizational effectiveness and excellence. Here, I describe the models of EI and review the findings about the association between EI, leaders and employees to point out the positive correlations. I conclude by signalizing thoughts for future research on the role of EI in organizations.
Presence and transcription of intracisternal A-particle-related sequences in CHO cells

We have characterized sequences expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which are related to the intracisternal A-particle (IAP) genes of mice and Syrian hamsters. Several cDNA clones homologous to Syrian hamster IAP probes have been isolated and used to evaluate the abundance and expression of these retroviruslike sequences. DNA blot analysis with homologous Chinese hamster IAP probes revealed that IAP-related sequences are present in CHO cell DNA at moderately repetitive levels (approximately 300 copies per haploid genome). Sequence analysis has revealed the existence of at least two distinct families of IAP-related sequences in CHO cell DNA. Family I sequences exhibit identical 4.5-kilobase-pair internal deletions relative to complete IAP genomes of mice or Syrian hamsters, but family II sequences showed no major sequence discontinuities relative to the IAP genes of other species. Both families are expressed as abundant cytoplasmic RNA in CHO cells, but only family II sequences produce abundant transcripts of a size consistent with that of a full-length IAP RNA. Intact gag, pol, or env open reading frames were not present in sequences of either family, although incomplete open reading frames spanning putative p27 and protease regions of IAP genes were observed.
Pengembangan Mobile Learning Rensi (Relasi dan Fungsi) Berbasis Android pada Pokok Bahasan Relasi dan Fungsi sebagai Sumber Belajar Mandiri Siswa Kelas VIII SMP

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan mobile learning android yang berkualitas sebagai sumber belajar mandiri siswa. Mobile learning ini berisikan materi Relasi dan Fungsi yang ditujukan untuk siswa kelas VIII SMP.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan 4D. Tahapan 4D meliputi tahap define (penetapan produk), tahap design (perancangan produk), tahap development (pengembangan produk), dan tahap dissemination (penyebarluasan). Kriteria ketercapaian kualitas pada mobile learning RENSI didapatkan dari pengujian oleh para ahli dan dinyatakan praktis oleh siswa.Hasil dari penelitian pengembangan ini berupa aplikasi mobile learning android RENSI (Relasi dan Fungsi) yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber belajar mandiri siswa kelas VIII SMP. Melalui uji coba yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi, mobile learning ini mendapat persentase keidealan pengaplikasian media 94,79% (sangat baik), oleh ahli media mendapatkan persentase keidealan muatan materi 84,38 % (sangat baik) sehingga mobile learning RENSI dikatakan valid. Pengujian untuk mengetahui kepraktisan mobile learning oleh respon siswa memperoleh persentase keidealan kepraktisan penggunaan 76,25% (setuju). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mobile learning RENSI telah layak digunakan sebagai sumber belajar mandiri siswa kelas VIII SMP.