Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Human Single-Domain Antibody Elicits Potent Antitumor Activity by Targeting an Epitope in Mesothelin Close to the Cancer Cell Surface

Monoclonal antibodies against mesothelin are being evaluated for the treatment of mesothelioma and multiple forms of cancers, and show great promise for clinical development for solid cancers. Antibodies against mesothelin have been shown to act via immunotoxin-based inhibition of tumor growth and induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), considered an important additional mechanism of therapeutic antibodies against tumors, is inactive for such antibodies. Here, we used phage display antibody engineering technology and synthetic peptide screening to identify SD1, a human single-domain antibody to mesothelin. SD1 recognizes a conformational epitope at the C-terminal end (residues 539–588) of mesothelin close to the cell surface. To investigate SD1 as a potential therapeutic agent, we generated a recombinant human Fc (SD1-hFc) fusion protein. Interestingly, the SD1-hFc protein exhibits strong CDC activity, in addition to ADCC, against mesothelin-expressing tumor cells. Furthermore, it causes growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in nude mice as a single agent. SD1 is the first human single-domain antibody targeting mesothelin-expressing tumors, shows potential as a cancer therapeutic candidate, and may improve current antibody therapy targeting mesothelin-expressing tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(4); 416–26. ©2013 AACR.
Establishing news confidence: a qualitative study of how people use the news media to know the news-world

Interactionists have long contended that people act based on the meanings they associate with symbols (Blumer, 1969). In this article I demonstrate how people use the meanings they associate with different news outlets to build confidence in their social realities. These meanings may arise from current personal experiences, or they may also sprout from other, less direct avenues, such as a friend, or from impressions rooted years earlier. In any event, these associated meanings serve as powerful cultural tools that inform how people engage with their cultural environments, and in ways that have implications for larger systems of power and control. I rest my discussion on a qualitative, audience-centered study of news consumers that I situate within a critical uses-and-gratifications theoretical framework. Doing so allows me both to respect that people use news outlets to satisfy certain perceived needs or desires, and at the same time consider how their uses relate to larger systems of power and control. Many of those with whom I spoke use the meanings they associate with US-based public broadcasting’s news programming (i.e. Public Broadcasting Service or PBS) in ways that suggest it serves as a perceived news ‘safety net’. Active and engaged news consumers, or ‘news fans’, use PBS’s news programs to overcome the problems they note as endemic in commercialized, mainstream news media and ground their confidence in knowing and understanding the news-world. I then draw on European developments in social theory (Thompson, 1995) and media sociology (Couldry, 2000a) to argue that using PBS in such ways indirectly sustains and reinforces the dominant, status quo powers that exercise substantial influence over the mainstream news media (McChesney, 2004) in the US and what the mainstream media catch in their news-net (Tuchman, 1978).
Cognitive hardiness, appraisal and coping: comparing two transactional models

Purpose – This paper aims to test the relationship of the personality variable of cognitive hardiness to job satisfaction, performance and intention to turnover. These relationships are to be tested via two alternative models, with a sequential and simultaneous structure for appraisal and coping processes.Design/methodology/approach – Employees (n=297) from a range of large New Zealand organisations completed a questionnaire on hardiness, appraisal, coping and affect.Findings – Bivariate correlations revealed significant positive relationships between hardiness and job satisfaction, hardiness and performance, and a significant negative relationship with intention to turnover. Structural equation modelling revealed that the direct positive relationship between hardiness and job satisfaction was the strongest path. The simultaneous model provided best fit to the data, revealing a positive path from hardiness through challenge appraisals to positive affect, and a negative path through threat appraisal and em.
Comments on Ionization Cooling

This note began in Oct. 1998 as a commentary on Sec. V of the Status Report [1], but became a forum for a larger commentary on ionization cooling. The present version omits the editorial remarks, and corrects as error in Sec. 5. Section 2 presents a series of general comments on ionization cooling. Section 3 presents a derivation of analytic approximations for transverse and longitudinal ionization cooling. Section 4 discusses the role of canonical angular momentum in solenoid transport. Section 5 discusses the applications of the concept of betatron oscillations to solenoids. Shortly after these notes were written, related notes by Palmer and Fernow [2] we presented at the Jan. 1999 Vanderbilt Particle Accelerator School.
Climate as situational strength: Safety climate strength as a cross-level moderator of the relationship between conscientiousness and safety behaviour

Extant research on climate strength has frequently invoked situational strength in passing. Given this, it is surprising that the fundamental prediction from the situational strength literature—namely, that strong situations attenuate personality–behaviour relationships—has thus far never been tested empirically using climate strength as an operationalization of situational strength. Consequently, in the present study, we tested this fundamental prediction by positing that organizational safety climate strength moderates the relationships between employee conscientiousness and two forms of employee safety behaviour, such that those relationships are attenuated in strong climates. Using a multilevel design consisting of 964 Korean employees nested within 17 manufacturing organizations, we found support for these cross-level interaction hypotheses. These findings legitimize the frequent invocation of situational strength by climate strength researchers, contribute to the theoretical foundation underlying climate strength, and yield important implications for future research and practice.
Functional TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels in human cardiac c‐kit+ progenitor cells

The cellular physiology and biology of human cardiac c‐kit+ progenitor cells has not been extensively characterized and remains an area of active research. This study investigates the functional expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) and possible roles for this ion channel in regulating proliferation and migration of human cardiac c‐kit+ progenitor cells. We found that genes coding for TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels and their proteins are significantly expressed in human c‐kit+ cardiac stem cells. Probenecid, an activator of TRPV2, induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i), an effect that may be attenuated or abolished by the TRPV2 blocker ruthenium red. The TRPV4 channel activator 4α‐phorbol 12‐13‐dicaprinate induced Ca2+i oscillations, which can be inhibited by the TRPV4 blocker RN‐1734. The alteration of Ca2+i by probenecid or 4α‐phorbol 12‐13‐dicprinate was dramatically inhibited in cells infected with TRPV2 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or TRPV4 shRNA. Silencing TRPV2, but not TRPV4, significantly reduced cell proliferation by arresting cells at the G0/G1 boundary of the cell cycle. Cell migration was reduced by silencing TRPV2 or TRPV4. Western blot revealed that silencing TRPV2 decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, pERK1/2 and pAkt, whereas silencing TRPV4 only reduced pAkt expression. Our results demonstrate for the first time that functional TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels are abundantly expressed in human cardiac c‐kit+ progenitor cells. TRPV2 channels, but not TRPV4 channels, participate in regulating cell cycle progression; moreover, both TRPV2 and TRPV4 are involved in migration of human cardiac c‐kit+ progenitor cells.
Traveling Beyond Dangerous Private and Universal Discourses

In this article, the author explores several definitions of reading and evaluating educational research texts without finding deep private meanings or developing objective, scientific, and instrumental norms for evaluating quality of educational research studies. Among these descriptions, the author emphasizes Gadamer's weak poststructural model and Habermas's critique of and contribution to it, aiming to replace the neoconservative objectivist and neoliberal subjectivist traditions with something of greater social and intellectual utility: a “dialectical and critical” theory of reading and evaluation of educational research. This alternative approach, based on philosophical hermeneutics, critical theory, and practical philosophy, identifies understanding, interpreting, and evaluating a research text as a political, ideological, ethical, critical, gendered, sexual, racial, transformative, social, discursive, deliberative, and performed experience. The author argues that knowledge developed from this alternative approach represents a step toward the development of transformative political practices and progressive institutions to challenge the neoconservative status quo at intellectual, political, and practical levels.
Efferent Sympathetic and Vagal Innervation of the Canine Right Ventricle

BackgroundThe functional pathways of efferent sympathetic and vagal innervation to the right ventricle (RV) might be important in a variety of disease states that involve the RV wall. The purpose of this study was to investigate those pathways. Methods and ResultsWe determined the effects of phenol and endocardial radiofrequency ablation applied to the RV anterolateral wall and outflow tract on effective refractory period (ERP) shortening during bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation and ERP lengthening during bilateral vagal stimulation. We found that efferent sympathetic axons to the RV are located in the superficial subepicardium and that lateral sites receive sympathetic innervation predominantly from the lateral margin of the RV near the AV groove. Medial sites close to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) receive sympathetic innervation from both the right lateral atrioventricular (AV) groove and regions near the LAD. At the RV outflow tract, some sympathetic fibers are located intramurally. Efferent vagal fibers are located at the RV surface within 10 mm of the right lateral AV groove; they penetrate intramurally and reach to the medial sites of the RV anterior wall. Other vagal fibers originate near the LAD and are intramural. Vagal fibers to the RV outflow tract are located intramurally either from the lateral side (close to the right coronary artery) or medial side (close to the LAD). ConclusionsEfferent vagal and sympathetic innervation of the right ventricle resembles that of the left ventricle. A major difference is that efferent sympathetic fibers to the right ventricular outflow tract are located not only in the subepicardium but in the subendocardium as well.
Fate of Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells after Intraperitoneal Infusion or Implantation into Femoral Bone Defects in the Host Animal

The fate of intraperitoneally injected or implanted male rat bone marrow-derived stromal cells inside female sibling host animals was traced using Y-chromosome-sensitive PCR. When injected intraperitoneally, Y-chromosome-positive cells were found in all studied organs: heart muscle, lung, thymus, liver, spleen, kidney, skin, and femoral bone marrow with a few exceptions regardless of whether they had gone through osteogenic differentiation or not. In the implant experiments, expanded donor cells were seeded on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds and grown under three different conditions (no additives, in osteogenic media for one or two weeks) prior to implantation into corticomedullar femoral defects. Although the impact of osteogenic in vitro cell differentiation on cell migration was more obvious in the implantation experiments than in the intraperitoneal experiments, the donor cells stay alive when injected intraperitoneally or grown in an implant and migrate inside the host. However, when the implants contained bioactive glass, no signs of Y-chromosomal DNA were observed in all studied organs including the implants indicating that the cells had been eliminated.
On the Move: Emotions and Human Mobility

The introduction to this special issue of JEMS discusses some of the major developments in the study of emotions, and suggests ways in which various theories and perspectives can be relevant to the study of migration, in particular to the study of social interaction between migrants and members of local communities and to the study of interaction within transnational families. The paper addresses a series of questions. What are emotions? How are emotional processes shaped by migration? To what extent are these dynamics influenced by structural possibilities and constraints such as immigration policies or economic inequality? How do migrants interact emotionally with the people they meet in the receiving countries, and how do they attach to their new surroundings? How do they keep contact with their absent kin? In which ways do migrant organisations and institutions frame migrant experiences, provide support, increase a sense of belonging, or influence and translate government policies? In summarising current debates about these themes, the paper will highlight the approaches in the individual contributions that make up the various papers in this special issue, as well as draw on some of my own research on Sudeten Germans. I conclude with some suggestions for further research.
COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF LASER SCANNING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND THEIR COMBINED USE FOR DIGITAL RECORDING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and modeling of sites and artifacts of cultural heritage have increased remarkably in recent years. A wide variety of objects, e.g., small pieces of pottery, statues, buildings, and large areas of archaeological sites, have been scanned and modeled for such purposes as preservation, reconstruction, study, and museum exhibitions. Due to the range in size of the objects to be scanned and differences in the objectives for scanning and modeling, many approaches and options have been tested and used. As a result, it is clear that there is no single method that is applicable to recording every subject of cultural heritage and hence there is a strong demand for a hybrid method that exploits several technologies. Laser scanning can produce the dense 3D point-cloud data that is required to create high-resolution geometric models, although the quality of color information is sometimes lower than required. Another technology, digital photogrammetry, can produce high-resolution textures, if the original images have sufficient pixels, and 3D models. There is no doubt that these two technologies can supplement each other in creating high-quality 3D recordings and presentations. In this paper, we report a comparison and evaluation of laser scanning and photogrammetry and their combined use to digitally record cultural heritage objects from the point of view of producing accurate and expressive models and efficient data processing. The data used here was obtained from our experimental 3D measurement of Byzantine ruins on Gemiler Island, off the southwest coast of Turkey, in 2002. * Corresponding author.
Association between HLA class II alleles and autoimmune hepatitis type 1 in Thai patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between HLA class II alleles and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) type I in Thai patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD The clinical data of 50 autoimmune hepatitis patients type I (AIH) at Siriraj hepatitis clinic were analysed, 37 of whom were tested for HLA class II genotyping using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide technique (PCR-SSO). RESULTS AIH is an uncommon chronic hepatitis in Thailand with females predominant. The HLA DRB1*0301, and DQA1*0101 were significantly associated with AIH patients when compared to controls; (OR = 3.92 [1.18-13.30], p 0.021, OR = 2.31 [1.13-4.73], p 0.019, respectively). When 18 patients with "definite" AIH were analysed, only HLA DRB1*0301 was still significantly associated with AIH (OR = 5.22, 95%CI = 1.28-20.92, p 0.015). CONCLUSION HLA genotyping has shown that HLA DRB1*0301 and HLA DQA1*0101 were significantly associated with AIH.
Beneficial Biofuels—The Food, Energy, and Environment Trilemma

Exploiting multiple feedstocks, under new policies and accounting rules, to balance biofuel production, food security, and greenhouse-gas reduction. Recent analyses of the energy and greenhouse-gas performance of alternative biofuels have ignited a controversy that may be best resolved by applying two simple principles. In a world seeking solutions to its energy, environmental, and food challenges, society cannot afford to miss out on the global greenhouse-gas emission reductions and the local environmental and societal benefits when biofuels are done right. However, society also cannot accept the undesirable impacts of biofuels done wrong.
Mast cell–mediated inflammatory responses require the α2β1 integrin

Although the α2β1 integrin is widely expressed and has been extensively studied, it has not been previously implicated in mast cell biology. We observed that α2 integrin subunit-deficient mice exhibited markedly diminished neutrophil and interleukin-6 responses during Listeria monocytogenes – and zymosan-induced peritonitis. Since exudative neutrophils of wild-type mice expressed little α2β1 integrin, it seemed unlikely that this integrin mediated neutrophil migration directly. Here, we demonstrate constitutive α2β1 integrin expression on peritoneal mast cells. Although α2-null mice contain normal numbers of peritoneal mast cells, these α2-null cells do not support in vivo mast cell–dependent inflammatory responses. We conclude that α2β1 integrin provides a costimulatory function required for mast cell activation and cytokine production in response to infection.
Ethical Attitudes of Future Business Leaders

Corporations have multiple stakeholder groups. One stakeholder group consists of undergraduate business students, who collectively constitute the future leadership of corporations. Given the so-called ethical and legal lapses that have occurred in the early 2000s in such companies as Enron, WorldCom, Arthur Andersen, and Tyco, it is increasingly important to know the ethical perspectives of future business leaders so that their future behavior can be anticipated. This article reports on a survey of nearly 3,000 undergraduate business students from 58 universities and colleges in 32 states regarding certain general ethics-related attitudes and the degree of ethicality these students possess. Survey findings are relatively consistent with those generally reported in the literature—female survey participants are slightly but significantly more ethically inclined than male survey participants, and survey participants who report being very religious are slightly but significantly more ethically inclined than survey participants who are less religious.
Obesity: another hazard for spina bifida children.

In spite of the almost universal prevalence of obesity in affluent societies there is still no satis factory and fully comprehensive definition of a disease which continues to be the most common nutritional disturbance (Sedgwick, 1971). The problem has led to recent concern about the observed alteration over the past few decades of the distribu tion of weight for height in both adults and children (Newens and Goldstein, 1972), but, however computed, the high incidence of obesity has been confirmed. A significant estimate has emphasized the extent of the problem (Brit. med. J., 1970), suggesting that at least 3 % of British school children are affected by obesity, highlighting the continuing problem of infantile obesity and overnutrition even though the disease is recognized to be, in most cases, an avoidable one. Clinicians now accept that dietary advice should be given for those children whose weight is between 10 and 20% above that expected for their age and height (Eid, 1970). However, Illingworth (1968) suggests that prevention of obesity may have to start in early infancy in order to prevent chronicity. Once established, obesity shows a marked tendency to become a self-perpetuating condition, persisting from childhood into adolescence and young adult life (Lloyd, Wolff, and Whelan, 1961). Early detection of obesity is therefore important not only because of its close association with other health hazards (Hooper and Alexander, 1971) but because obesity is also likely to complicate still further any existing chronic illness and disability (Tracey, De, and Harper, 1971). Lorber (1969) has remarked upon the apparent obesity of children with spina bifida, but in this group of children the true extent of obesity can be easily overlooked if conventional means of measure ment are used (Hayes-Allen, 1972). If obesity is present among these severely disabled children it is an unnecessary additional handicap which is largely avoidable if it is detected early. This paper reports on a continuing survey of children with spina bifida, describes the assessment of obesity among this group, and discusses its significance. Materials and Methods
Measuring Students' Identification with School

This article describes the development of a student rating scale that assesses the degree to which students identify with or disidentify from school and whether there are gender or racial group differences in identification. The Identification with School Questionnaire was tested on a sample of 3,539 eighth-grade pupils. Confirmatory factor analyses of the data provided evidence that a unidimensional scale may better reflect the degree to which students identify with school than do separate measures of belonging and valuing. Analyses of variance of the scale indicated that female students exhibited higher degrees of identification with school than did their male peers, African American students were more identified with school than were White students, and White male youngsters had the lowest levels of identification with school.
Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase by Apocynin Attenuates Progression of Atherosclerosis

Of the multiple sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood vessel, NADPH oxidases are the primary source. Whereas several studies have implicated NADPH oxidases in the initiation of atherosclerosis, their roles in disease progression are incompletely understood. Our objective was to determine the potential clinical relevance of inhibiting NADPH oxidase in established atherosclerosis. Using a hypercholesteremic murine model of atherosclerosis (ApoE−/−/LDLR−/− (AS) mice on normal chow diet), we first established a time-dependent relationship between superoxide levels and lesion size in AS mice. Next, we identified NADPH oxidase as the primary source of ROS in atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment of aortic segments from AS mice with apocynin, which interferes with NADPH oxidase activation in part by preventing translocation of the subunit p47phox, significantly reduced superoxide levels. Moreover, addition of apocynin to the drinking water of AS mice produced a decrease in lesion size as compared to untreated AS mice, with the effect most pronounced in the thoracoabdominal aorta but absent from the aortic arch. Granulocyte function in AS+apocynin mice was suppressed, confirming efficacy of apocynin treatment. We conclude that apocynin attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice, potentially by its ability to inhibit generation of superoxide by NADPH oxidase.