Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Tourist Experience: Concepts and Consequences

Introduction: Experiencing Tourism, Experiencing Happiness? Section 1: Conceptualising Tourism Experiences 1. Personal Experience Tourism: A Postmodern Understanding 2. The Habit of Tourism: Experiences and Their Ontological Meaning 3. Experiences of Valuistic Journeys: Motivation and Behaviour Section 2: Understanding Dark Tourism Experiences 4. Re-Conceptualizing Dark Tourism 5. Dark Tourism as 'Mortality Capital': The Case of Ground Zero and the Significant Other Dead 6. Towards an Understanding 'Genocide Tourism': An Analysis of Visitors' Accounts of Their Experience of Recent Genocide Sites Section 3: Motivation and the Contemporary Tourist Experience 7. Being Away or Being There? British Tourists' Motivations Holidaying in Alanya, Turkey 8. Identity in Tourist Motivation and the Dynamics of Meaning 9. Bitten by the Twilight saga: From Pop Culture Consumer to Pop Culture Tourist Section 4: Place and the Tourist Experience 10. Volunteer Tourists' Experiences and Sense of Place: New Orleans 11. Family Place Experience and the Making of Places in Holiday Home Destinations: A Danish Case Study 12. Museums as Playful Venues in the Leisure Society Section 5: Managing Tourist Experiences 13. 'We've seen it in the Movies, Let's See if it's True': Motivation, Authenticity and Displacement in the Film-Induced Tourism Experience 14. Tourism Harassment Experiences in Jamaica 15. A Critical Evaluation of the UK 'Grey' Market's Experience of the Overseas Package Holiday
Effects of Protein Level and Mangosteen Peel Pellets (Mago-pel) in Concentrate Diets on Rumen Fermentation and Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Crossbreds

Four, lactating dairy crossbreds (50%×50% Holstein Friesian×Native Zebu cattle) were randomly assigned according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement (two protein levels and two levels of mangosteen peel pellets (Mago-pel)) in a 4×4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. All cows received concentrate at a proportion of 1 kg concentrate per 2 kg of milk yield, and urea-treated 5% rice straw (UTRS) was given ad libitum. It was found that total dry matter intakes, nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH and NH3-N concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) by treatments. Concentrations of ruminal pH and NH3-N were not affected by dietary treatments although the concentration of BUN varied significantly (p<0.05) between protein levels (p<0.05). The populations of rumen bacteria and fungal zoospores did not differ among treatments (p>0.05); however, the population of protozoa was decreased (p<0.05) when cows received Mago-pel supplementation. The composition of the population of bacteria, identified by real-time PCR technique, including total bacteria, methanogens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus was similar (p>0.05) among dietary treatments (p>0.05); however, copy numbers of Ruminococcus flavefaciens was increased when protein level increased (p<0.05). Microbial protein synthesis, in terms of both quantity and efficiency, was enriched by Mago-pel supplementation. Milk yield was greatest in cows fed UTRS based diets with concentrate containing protein at 16% CP with Mago-pel, but were lowest without Mago-pel (p<0.05). In addition, protein level and supplementation of Mago-pel did not affect (p>0.05) milk composition except solids-not-fat which was higher in cows fed the diet with 19% CP. Therefore, feeding a concentrate containing 16% CP together with 300 g/hd/d Mago-pel supplementation results in changes in rumen fermentation and microbial population and improvements in milk production in lactating dairy crossbreds fed on UTRS.
Effects of different electrical parameter settings on the intelligibility of speech in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with subthalamic deep brain stimulation

We evaluated the effects of different electrical parameter settings on the intelligibility of speech in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) bilaterally treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Ten patients treated with DBS for 15 ± 5 months (mean, SD) with significant (P < 0.01) symptom reduction (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III) were included. In the medication off condition, video laryngostroboscopy was performed and then, in random order, 11 DBS parameter settings were tested. Amplitude was increased and decreased by 25%, frequency was varied in the range 70 to 185 pps, and each of the contacts was tested separately as a cathode. The patients read a standard running text and five nonsense sentences per setting. A listener panel transcribed the nonsense sentences as perceived and valued the quality of speech on a visual analogue scale. With the patients' normally used settings, there was no significant (P = 0.058) group difference between DBS OFF and ON, but in four patients the intelligibility deteriorated with DBS ON. The higher frequencies or increased amplitude caused significant (P < 0.02) impairments of intelligibility, whereas changing the polarity between the separate contacts did not. The settings of amplitude and frequency have a major influence on the intelligibility of speech, emphasizing the importance of meticulous parameter adjustments when programming DBS to minimize side effects related to speech. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Using Technology to Enhance the Quality of Home Health Care: Three Case Studies of Health Information Technology Initiatives at the Visiting Nurse Service of New York

&NA; There is a growing recognition among health services researchers and policy makers that Health Information Technology (HIT) has the potential to address challenging issues that face patients and providers of healthcare. The Visiting Nurse Service of New York (VNSNY), a large not‐for‐profit home healthcare agency, has integrated technology applications into the service delivery model of several programs. Case studies, including the development and implementation, of three informatics initiatives at VNSNY are presented on: (1) Quality Scorecards that utilize process, outcomes, cost, and satisfaction measures to assess performance among clinical staff and programs; (2) a tool to identify patients at risk of being hospitalized, and (3) a predictive model that identifies patients who are eligible for physical rehabilitation services. Following a description of these initiatives, we discuss their impact on quality and process indicators, as well as the opportunities and challenges to implementation.
Performance of cognitive radio networks under Resume and Restart retransmission strategies

In this paper, the performance of cognitive radio networks under Resume (RR) and Restart (RS) retransmission strategies for interrupted secondary calls is investigated. System performance is analyzed and evaluated in terms of secondary users' blocking probability and mean transmission delay. For the RR strategy, a trellis-based mathematical analysis is proposed and developed for the calculation of the secondary users' mean total transmission delay. Considering that service time for secondary users is Coxian distributed, numerical results are shown to quantitatively compare the performance of the RR and RS retransmission strategies. It is found that the value of the coefficient of variation (CoV) of service time of SUs plays a major role in the system performance of cognitive radio networks under RR or RS strategies. For scenarios where the CoV of service time for SUs has values around 1, the RS strategy is preferred over the more complex RR strategy. On the contrary, as the CoV of the service time of SUs increases, the system performance improvement becomes significantly greater for the RR strategy relative to the RS strategy.
Cascading attacks against smart grid using control command disaggregation and services

In this paper, we propose new types of cascading attacks against smart grid that use control command disaggregation and core smart grid services. Although there have been tremendous research efforts in injection attacks against the smart grid, to our knowledge most studies focus on false meter data injection, and false command and false feedback injection attacks have been scarcely investigated. In addition, control command disaggregation has not been addressed from a security point of view, in spite of the fact that it is becoming one of core concepts in the smart grid and hence analysing its security implications is crucial to the smart grid security. Our cascading attacks use false control command, false feedback or false meter data injection, and cascade the effects of such injections throughout the smart grid subsystems and components. Our analysis and evaluation results show that the proposed attacks can cause serious service disruptions in the smart grid. The evaluation has been performed on a widely used smart grid simulation platform.
The problem of the transition from the Permian to the Triassic Series in southeastern France: comparison with other Peritethyan regions

Abstract In the French sedimentary basins, widespread alluvial deposits sealing narrow Permian troughs are referred to as ‘Buntsandstein’. An Early Triassic age is generally put forward despite a lack of any Scythian biochronological elements. In Provence (Southeast Basin) some doubts remain about the age of the latest Permian deposits, and the oldest Triassic fossils (Anisian palynomorphs) appear in the upper ‘Buntsandstein’. Three types of contact occur: disconformity overlain by a quartz-conglomerate, apparent transition, and angular unconformity, according to an increasing basal incompleteness of the ‘Buntsandstein’. Whereas the conglomerate was deposited under arid conditions, the overlying fluvial deposits indicate a marked climate change. A transect from France up to the Germanic Basin centre shows that the ‘French Buntsandstein’ cycle might begin considerably before the end of the Permian; the Early Triassic arid ‘event’ is Dienerian/Smithian in age; and the Provençal ‘basal’ conglomerate corresponds to the uppermost part of a coeval subordinate cycle, and thus the underlying sub-Triassic unconformity represents a hiatus estimated at 10–15 Ma. Works in progress confirm that sedimentary climate indicators constitute powerful tools for correlations within non-marine formations devoid of biostratigraphical marker that straddle the Permian-Triassic boundary, at least on the scale of the Western European Plate.
Achievable degrees of freedom of the K-user interference channel with partial cooperation

In this paper, we consider the K-user interference channel with partial cooperation, where a strict subset of the K users cooperate. For the K-user interference channel with cooperating subsets of length M, the outer bound of the total degrees of freedom is KM/(M+1). In this paper, we propose a signal space-based interference alignment scheme that proves the achievability of these degrees of freedom for the case K= M+2 The proposed scheme consists of a design for the transmit precoding matrices and a processing algorithm which we call the Successive Interference Alignment (SIA) algorithm. The decoder of each message uses the SIA algorithm to process the signals received by the M cooperating receivers in order to get the maximum available degrees of freedom.
Escherichia coli Strains Lacking Protein HU Are UV Sensitive due to a Role for HU in Homologous Recombination

ABSTRACT hupA and hupB encode the α and β subunits of the Escherichia coli histone-like protein HU. Here we show that E. coli hup mutants are sensitive to UV in the rec+ sbc+, recBC sbcA, recBC sbcBC, umuDC,recF, and recD backgrounds. However,hupAB mutations do not enhance the UV sensitivity of resolvase-deficient recG ruvA strains. hupAB uvrA and hupAB recG strains are supersensitive to UV.hup mutations enhance the UV sensitivity ofruvA strains to a much lesser extent but enhance that ofrus-1 ruvA strains to the same extent as forrus+ ruv+ strains. Our results suggest that HU plays a role in recombinational DNA repair that is not specifically limited to double-strand break repair or daughter strand gap repair; the lack of HU affects the RecG RusA and RuvABC pathways for Holliday junction processing equally if the two pathways are equally active in recombinational repair; the function of HU is not in the substrate processing step or in the RecFOR-directed synapsis action during recombinational repair. Furthermore, the UV sensitivity ofhup mutants cannot be suppressed by overexpression of wild-type or mutant gyrB, which confers novobiocin resistance, or by different concentrations of a gyrase inhibitor that can increase or decrease the supercoiling of chromosomal DNA.
Congenital Malformations Associated With a Single Umbilical Artery in Twin Pregnancies

A single umbilical artery (SUA) was identified in 1.5% of twin pregnancies. The presence of a SUA in a twin pregnancy was associated with a 50% incidence of fetal anomalies, many of them complex and severe. The embryology and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with a SUA are reviewed. Aneuploidy is relatively common and should be considered, particularly in the presence of associated anomalies. Fetal growth restriction is frequent and preterm delivery is common.
Contrast Ratio: Shifting Burden of Proof in Informal Arguments

Previous research demonstrated an antiprimacy effect in conversational arguments (Bailenson & Rips, 1996; Rips, 1998). In those studies, participants perceived the speaker presenting the 1st proposition in the dialogue as having more burden of proof than the 2nd speaker. In this article, I demonstrate that antiprimacy occurs because the 1st speaker tends to proportionally have fewer contrasts than does the 2nd speaker. A claim only provides contrast if it attacks another speaker's previous claim. First speakers tend to have low contrast ratios because the initial claim in the argument does not clash with an existing claim. In these experiments, antiprimacy shifts as a function of the ratio of contrasts between the 2 speakers. In Experiment 1, antiprimacy disappeared when the 1st speaker offered 1 more claim than did the 2nd speaker. In Experiment 2, antiprimacy decreased as the number of total claims in the argument increased. In Experiment 3, the 2nd speaker accrued an extra contrast and shifted the burden of proof by querying the 1st speaker. In all 3 studies, contrast ratio can explain burden of proof decisions. These results offer insight toward the manner in which people process conversational arguments and assess burden of proof.
CFD Analysis on the Thermal Hydraulic Performance of an SAH Duct with Multi V-Shape Roughened Ribs

This study presents the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a rib-roughened SAH (solar air heater) channel. The artificial roughness of the rectangular channel was in the form of a thin circular wire in discrete multi V-pattern rib geometries. The effect of this geometry on heat transfer, fluid flow, and performance augmentation was investigated using the CFD (computational fluid dynamics). The roughness parameters were a relative discrete distance of 0.69, a relative rib height of 0.043, a relative rib pitch of 10, a relative rib width of 6.0, and a flow-attack-angle of 60°. The discrete width ratios and Reynolds numbers ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 and from 2000 to 20,000, respectively. The CFD results using the renormalization k-epsilon model were in good agreement with the empirical relationship. This model was used to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in the multi V-pattern rib roughened SAH channel. The thermo-hydraulic performance was found to be the best for the discrete width ratio of 1.0. A discrete multi V-pattern rib combined with dimple staggered ribs also had better overall thermal performance compared to other rib shapes.
Editorial: serotonin and irritable bowel syndrome – reconciling pharmacological effects with basic biology; authors' reply

depletion alters gastrointestinal and anxiety symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2582–7. 8. Labus JS, Mayer EA, Jarcho J, et al. Acute tryptophan depletion alters the effective connectivity of emotional arousal circuitry during visceral stimuli in healthy women. Gut 2011; 60: 1196–203. 9. Spiller R. Serotonin and GI clinical disorders. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55: 1072–80. 10. Thijssen AY, Mujagic Z, Jonkers DM, et al. Alterations in serotonin metabolism in the irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43: 272–82. 11. Fitzgerald P, Cassidy Eugene M, Clarke G, et al. Tryptophan catabolism in females with irritable bowel syndrome: relationship to interferon-gamma, severity of symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20: 1291–7. 12. Drossman DA, Morris CB, Hu Y, et al. A prospective assessment of bowel habit in irritable bowel syndrome in women: defining an alternator. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 580–9.
Recent evolution of extreme sea surge-related meteorological conditions and assessment of coastal flooding risk on the gulf of Lions

This paper analyses sea surges measured at three tide gauge stations almost evenly located around the Gulf of Lions (from west to east, Port-Vendres, Sete and Grau-de-la-Dent) for the 1986-1995 period. Sea surges are spatially consistent at hourly and daily time scales. The barometric patterns associated with extreme sea surges are consistent for the three stations and show a stationary low pressure system near the Bay of Biscay associated with high pressure over central Europe from 48 hours before the maximum surge. The relationship between sea surges on the one hand and local-scale 3-hourly winds is analysed. Extreme sea surge ≥ 60 cm are mostly associated with regional-scale southerly winds over the NW Mediterranean Sea. These onshore winds drag the water towards the coast of the Gulf of Lions. Port-Vendres is also reactive to northerly winds due to the local orientation of the coast and location of the tide gauge. The frequency and length of southerly winds associated with regional-scale sea surges significantly increases everywhere from the middle of the 20th century. Sea surges ≥ 60h, active in erosion processes in the Gulf of Lions, occurs at least one hour per season and sea surge levels for return periods of 10 years are > 80 cm for positive extremes at each station.
Carboniferous Palaeoniscids from Northumberland and Berwickshire

SUMMARY The following faunal list provides a comparative summary of the Palaeoniscids of the chief Border Cementstone localities:— Foulden. Styracopterus ottadinicus (White). Carboveles ovensi White Aetheretmon valentiacum White Aetheretmon valentiacum var. ovensi White. Aetheretmon whitei sp. nov. Strepheoschema fouldenensis White.
Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow: Electromagnetic Flow Measurements During Acute Hypertension in the Monkey

Changes in blood flow through the internal carotid, vertebral and external carotid arteries were measured by electromagnetic flowmeters during and after acute hypertension induced by closing a clamp around the thoracic aorta in anesthetized monkeys. The internal carotid and vertebral arterial system showed both rapid and delayed autoregulatory responses to rapid increases in blood pressure; the rapid (primary) responses occurred within seconds, the progressive (delayed) within 3 to 4 minutes. In contrast, the flow response within the external carotid system appeared to be passive. Cervical sympathetic innervation and myogenic reflexes (Bayliss reflex) both appear to play a part in the rapidly occurring (primary) regulation of cerebral blood flow. The mechanism responsible for delayed and progressive (secondary) autoregulation in the cerebral vasculature appeared to be metabolic, since it was predominantly influenced by changes in blood Pco2. Changes in intracranial pressure did not seem to be involved in autoregulation.
HIV coinfection in multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis results in high early mortality.

RATIONALE The multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) epidemics are rapidly expanding in South Africa. Our initial report of HIV-associated XDR TB in South Africa revealed rapid and near complete mortality. Lower mortality has been described in the literature, but few of these patients have been HIV coinfected. OBJECTIVES To characterize mortality from MDR and XDR TB in a setting with high HIV-coinfection rates. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study among 654 MDR and XDR TB cases diagnosed in Tugela Ferry, South Africa, from 2005 to 2007. Demographics and HIV status were abstracted from available medical records. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Survival was determined from the date of sputum collection until October 2008 and correlated with year of diagnosis and drug-susceptibility test results. From 2005 to 2007, 272 MDR TB and 382 XDR TB cases were diagnosed; HIV-coinfection rates were 90 and 98%, respectively. One-year mortality was 71% for MDR and 83% for XDR TB patients; 40% of MDR TB and 51% of XDR TB cases died within 30 days of sputum collection. One-year mortality among both MDR and XDR TB patients improved from 2005 to 2007; however, the majority of deaths still occurred within the first 30 days. One-year and 30-day mortality rates were worse with greater degree of drug resistance (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mortality from MDR and XDR TB in this high HIV-prevalence region is extraordinarily high, particularly within the first 30 days. Efforts to reduce mortality must focus on earlier diagnosis and early initiation of second-line TB and antiretroviral therapy.
Phase relations involving pyrrhotite below 350 degrees C

A hydrothermal recrystallization method was employed to determine the phase relations in the Fe-S system involving pyrrhotite between 350 degrees and 115 degrees C. The superstructures of pyrrhotite, as designated by Nakazawa and Morimoto (1970, 1971), are considered to be thermodynamic phases. The solvus between pyrite and hexagonal (1C) 1 pyrrhotite continues below 325 degrees C along the slope established by Toulmin and Barton (1964) to 308 degrees C, where a discontinuity marks the upper stability of the MC superstructure. The solvus then continues along a similar slope to 262 degrees C where, with the onset of the NA superstructure, there is a discontinuity and the curve reverses slope sharply. At 254 degrees C, monoclinic (4C) pyrrhotite becomes stable in the peritectoid reaction hexagonal (NA) pyrrhotite (47.30 at. % Fe) + pyrite = monoclinic (4C) pyrrhotite (47.25 at. % Fe). Monoclinic pyrrhotite exists over a range of compositions, the maximum being 46.4 to 46.9 at. percent Fe at 115 degrees C. Hexagonal pyrrhotite is separated from monoclinic pyrrhotite by a narrow miscibility gap down to the upper stability limit of the NC superstructure at 209 degrees C. Below 209 degrees C, the miscibility gap widens, with hexagonal (NC) pyrrhotite of 47.3 at. percent Fe coexisting with monoclinic pyrrhotite of 46.9 at. percent Fe. At the sulfur-rich limit of the stability field, monoclinic pyrrhotite coexists with pyrite. The phases greigite, smythite, and marcasite were not encountered.Our results are in reasonable agreement with those obtained previously by hydrothermal synthesis methods, but they are in disagreement with some results obtained in "dry" experiments which have produced metastable phase assemblages. The phase diagram is compatible with natural pyrrhotite occurrences and in particular with those from geothermal boreholes at Broadlands, New Zealand, from which samples were recovered at known quench temperatures. On the other hand, our studies cast considerable doubt on the validity of the "pyrrhotite geothermometer" as applied to ores.