Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of mammography Versus Distribution of p63 in Fine Needle Aspiration of Breast Malignancies

Mammography is used as a screening tool for detection of carcinoma breast above the age of 35 years. FNAC is an established technique for the detection of breast malignancies. Myoepithelial cells are important marker for identification of breast carcinoma. p63 immunostaining has gained wide popularity for identification of myoepithelial cells. We planned this study to compare the effectiveness of mammography and p63 in detection of carcinoma breast.Total 50 cases were included in the study. Clinical features, mammography, FNAC and p63 immunostaining were performed. Results of mammography and p63 immunostaining were compared with the FNAC diagnosis. These were analysed statistically using chi-square test.Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) was found in 54% of cases. 96% IDC cases were p63 negative when stained immunocytologically. Diagnostic accuracy of p63 was significantly higher than mammography for diagnosing breast malignancies (p value <0.05). p63 can be a good adjunct to FNAC in diagnosis of breast malignancies. However, the cut off value of percentage of p63 positive cells needs to be standardised.
Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of central European forests

Abstract. We present the first investigation of the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compared to total organic matter (TOM, consisting of DOM, The 13C NMR results, derived from 21 samples, point to pronounced differences in the composition of DOM and TOM in throughfall solution at the beech sites, with TOM exhibiting higher relative intensities for the alkyl C region, which represents aliphatic C from less decomposed organic material compared to DOM. Furthermore, TOM shows lower intensities for lignin-derived and aromatic C of the aryl C region resulting in lower aromaticity indices and a diminished degree of humification. Across the ecosystem compartments, differences in the structural composition of DOM and TOM under beech lessened in the following order: throughfall > stemflow ≈ forest floor leachate. In contrast to the broadleaved sites, differences between DOM and TOM in throughfall solution under spruce were less pronounced and spectra were, overall, dominated by the alkyl C region, representing aliphatic C. Explanations of the reported results might be substantiated in differences in tree species-specific structural effects, leaching characteristics or differences in the microbial community of the tree species' phyllosphere and cortisphere. However, the fact that throughfall DOM under beech showed the highest intensities of recalcitrant aromatic and phenolic C among all samples analysed likely points to a high allelopathic potential of beech trees negatively affecting other organisms and hence ecosystem processes and functions.
Resonant Technology and Electromagnetic Packaging

Under the concept of the so called Resonant Technology, recently we had proposed a device that can transport a lot of different signals, all of them of similar frequencies although different recording time, packed around the resonant frequencies. With the aim to implement physically the device, we had developed an algorithm, which is inserted in a FPGA to build information packs and send it. Also, we analyze the Gap Waveguide Electromagnetic Packaging Technology, taking into account the signal integrity and the Electromagnetic Broadband Packaging Model.
Bounds on the maximal minimum distance of linear locally repairable codes

Locally repairable codes (LRCs) are error correcting codes used in distributed data storage. Besides a global level, they enable errors to be corrected locally, reducing the need for communication between storage nodes. There is a close connection between almost affine LRCs and matroid theory which can be utilized to construct good LRCs and derive bounds on their performance. A generalized Singleton bound for linear LRCs with parameters (n; k; d; r; δ) was given in [N. Prakash et al., “Optimal Linear Codes with a Local-Error-Correction Property”, IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory]. In this paper, a LRC achieving this bound is called perfect. Results on the existence and nonexistence of linear perfect (n; k; d; r; δ)-LRCs were given in [W. Song et al., “Optimal locally repairable codes”, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Comm.]. Using matroid theory, these existence and nonexistence results were later strengthened in [T. Westerbäck et al., “On the Combinatorics of Locally Repairable Codes”, Arxiv: 1501.00153], which also provided a general lower bound on the maximal achievable minimum distance dmax (n; k; r; δ) that a linear LRC with parameters (n; k; r; δ) can have. This article expands the class of parameters (n; k; d; r; δ) for which there exist perfect linear LRCs and improves the lower bound for dmax (n; k; r; δ). Further, this bound is proved to be optimal for the class of matroids that is used to derive the existence bounds of linear LRCs.
Micro-mechanical Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites

This paper discusses the mechanism appearing during fiber debonding in fiber reinforced cementitious composites with special emphasis on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). The investigation is performed on the micro scale by use of a Finite Element Model. The model is 3 dimensional and the Fictitious Crack Model (FCM) and a mixed mode interface model are implemented. It is shown that the cohesive law for a unidirectional fiber reinforced cementitious composite can be found through superposition of the cohesive law for mortar and the fiber bridging curve. A comparison between the numerical and an analytical model for fiber pull-out is performed.
Sympathetic overdrive in obesity involves purinergic hyperactivity in the resistance vasculature

Non‐technical summary The maintenance of healthy blood pressure is influenced by the activity of the sympathetic perivascular nerves which surround small arteries and arterioles. Increases in sympathetic neurovascular control may play a role in the genesis and progression of cardiovascular disease during obesity. Our data show that sympathetic nerve‐mediated vasoconstriction is augmented during diet‐induced obesity and that ATP and purinergic mechanisms play a significant role. Changes occur due to an increase in sympathetic nerve density and release of ATP, with a potential contribution from a decreased sensitivity to sensory vasodilatory neurotransmitters. Improving control of sympathetic function through the identification of potential therapeutic targets is likely to lead to increased cardiovascular health benefits for overweight and obese individuals.
Spontaneous epidural hematoma of spine associated with clopidogrel: A case study and review of the literature

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is an uncommon neurological emergency which can present with the features ranging from simple back pain with radiculopathy to complete paraplegia or quadriplegia depending on the site and severity of the compression. Spinal hemorrhage associated with anti-platelet drugs is rarely seen. We report a case of SSEH in a 68-year-old hypertensive male who was on a low dose clopidogrel for secondary stroke prophylaxis and presented with bilateral lower limb paralysis, preceeded by severe back bain. A spinal magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed which revealed a posterior epidural hematoma of the thoraco-lumbar spine. To the best of our knowledge, not more than four cases of clopidogrel related spinal epidural hematoma have been reported. Emergent decompressive laminectomy was done within 4 hours of the presentation with excellent clinical outcome. Clinicians should, therefore, consider the remote risk of SSEH in hypertensive patients who are on anti-platelet drugs as early decompressive laminectomy and evacuation of the hematoma minimizes the permanent neurological damage.
Ohmic Contacts for High Temperature Integrated Circuits in Silicon Carbide

Extreme temperature measurements of Ni/Ti/Al contacts to p-type SiC (N-a = 1.10(18)cm(-3)), with a specific contact resistivity rho(c) = 6.75. 10(-4) Omega cm(2) at 25 degrees C, showed a five time increase of the specific contact resistivity at -40 degrees C (rho(c) = 3.16. 10(-3) Omega cm(2)), and a reduction by almost a factor 10 at 500 degrees C (rho(c) = 7.49. 10(-5) Omega cm(2)). The same response of rho(c) to temperature was seen for contacts on lower doped epitaxial layer. Also N-type nickel contacts improved with higher operational temperature but with a considerably smaller variation over the same temperature interval. No degradation of the performance was seen to either the Ni/Ti/Al or the Ni contacts due to the high temperature measurements.
A Study of Local and Global Thresholding Techniques in Text Categorization

Feature Filtering is an approach that is widely used for dimensionality reduction in text categorization. In this approach feature scoring methods are used to evaluate features leading to selection. Thresholding is then applied to select the highest scoring features either locally or globally. In this paper, we investigate several local and global feature selection methods. The usage of Standard Deviation (STD) and Maximum Deviation (MD) as globalization schemes is suggested. This work provides a comparative study among fourteen thresholding techniques using different scoring methods and benchmark datasets of diverse nature. This includes investigation of normalizing feature scores before combining them in the global pool. The results suggest that normalized MD outperforms other methods in thresholding Document Frequency (DF) scores using even and moderate diverse data-sets. Furthermore, the results indicated that normalizing feature scores improves the performance of rare categories and balances the bias of some techniques to frequent categories.
Defective IL-23/IL-17 Axis Protects p47phox−/− Mice from Colon Cancer

In the colon, a sophisticated balance between immune reaction and tolerance is absolutely required. Dysfunction may lead to pathologic phenotypes ranging from chronic inflammatory processes to cancer development. Two prominent modulators of colon inflammation are represented by the closely related cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, which initiate adaptive Th1 and Th17 immune responses, respectively. In this study, we investigated the impact of the NADPH oxidase protein p47phox, which negatively regulates IL-12 in dendritic cells, on colon cancer development in a colitis-associated colon cancer model. Initially, we found that IL-12−/− mice developed less severe colitis but are highly susceptible to colon cancer. By contrast, p47phox−/− mice showed lower tumor scores and fewer high grade tumors than wild-type (WT) littermates. Treatment with toll-like receptor 9 ligand CpG2216 significantly enhanced colitis in p47phox−/− mice, whereas tumor growth was simultaneously reduced. In tumor tissue of p47phox−/− mice, the IL-23/IL-17 axis was crucially hampered. IL-23p19 protein expression in tumor tissue correlated with tumor stage. Reconstitution of WT mice with IL-23p19−/− bone marrow protected these mice from colon cancer, whereas transplantation of WT hematopoiesis into IL-23p19−/− mice increased the susceptibility to tumor growth. Our study strengthens the divergent role of IL-12 and IL-23 in colon cancer development. With the characterization of p47phox as a novel modulator of both cytokines our investigation introduces a promising new target for antitumor strategies.
An All Oxide-Based Imperceptible Thin-Film Transistor with Humidity Sensing Properties

We have examined the effects of oxygen content and thickness in sputtered InSnO (ITO) electrodes, especially for the application of imperceptible amorphous-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) in humidity sensors. The imperceptible a-IGZO TFT with 50-nm ITO electrodes deposited at Ar:O2 = 29:0.3 exhibited good electrical performances with Vth of −0.23 V, SS of 0.34 V/dec, µFE of 7.86 cm2/V∙s, on/off ratio of 8.8 × 107, and has no degradation for bending stress up to a 3.5-mm curvature. The imperceptible oxide TFT sensors showed the highest sensitivity for the low and wide gate bias of −1~2 V under a wide range of relative humidity (40–90%) at drain voltage 1 V, resulting in low power consumption by the sensors. Exposure to water vapor led to a negative shift in the threshold voltage (or current enhancement), and an increase in relative humidity induced continuous threshold voltage shift. In particular, compared to conventional resistor-type sensors, the imperceptible oxide TFT sensors exhibited extremely high sensitivity from a current amplification of >103.
Methyl Fluoride Affects Methanogenesis Rather than Community Composition of Methanogenic Archaea in a Rice Field Soil

The metabolic pathways of methane formation vary with environmental conditions, but whether this can also be linked to changes in the active archaeal community structure remains uncertain. Here, we show that the suppression of aceticlastic methanogenesis by methyl fluoride (CH3F) caused surprisingly little differences in community composition of active methanogenic archaea from a rice field soil. By measuring the natural abundances of carbon isotopes we found that the effective dose for a 90% inhibition of aceticlastic methanogenesis in anoxic paddy soil incubations was <0.75% CH3F (v/v). The construction of clone libraries as well as t-RFLP analysis revealed that the active community, as indicated by mcrA transcripts (encoding the α subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase, a key enzyme for methanogenesis), remained stable over a wide range of CH3F concentrations and represented only a subset of the methanogenic community. More precisely, Methanocellaceae were of minor importance, but Methanosarcinaceae dominated the active population, even when CH3F inhibition only allowed for aceticlastic methanogenesis. In addition, we detected mcrA gene fragments of a so far unrecognised phylogenetic cluster. Transcription of this phylotype at methyl fluoride concentrations suppressing aceticlastic methanogenesis suggests that the respective organisms perform hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Hence, the application of CH3F combined with transcript analysis is not only a useful tool to measure and assign in situ acetate usage, but also to explore substrate usage by as yet uncultivated methanogens.
A Practical System for Guaranteed Access in the Presence of DDoS Attacks and Flash Crowds

With the growing incidents of flash crowds and sophisticated DDoS attacks mimicking benign traffic, it becomes challenging to protect Internet-based services solely by differentiating attack traffic from legitimate traffic. While fair-sharing schemes are commonly suggested as a defense when differentiation is difficult, they alone may suffer from highly variable or even unbounded waiting times. We propose RainCheck Filter (RCF), a lightweight primitive that guarantees bounded waiting time for clients despite server flooding without keeping per-client state on the server. RCF achieves strong waiting time guarantees by prioritizing clients based on how long the clients have waited - as if the server maintained a queue in which the clients lined up waiting for service. To avoid keeping state for every incoming client request, the server sends to the client a raincheck, a timestamped cryptographic token that not only informs the client to retry later but also serves as a proof of the client's priority level within the virtual queue. We prove that every client complying with RCF can access the server in bounded time, even under a flash crowd incident or a DDoS attack. Our large-scale simulations confirm that RCF provides a small and predictable maximum waiting time while existing schemes cannot. To demonstrate its deployability, we implement RCF as a Python module such that web developers can protect a critical server resource by adding only three lines of code.
Microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma. The comparison of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology suggests a role for hMSH6 [correction of hMLH6] immunostaining.

CONTEXT Microsatellite instability (MSI) due to defective mismatch repair (MMR) genes has been reported in the majority of colorectal tumors from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome and in 10% to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers. The identification of cancers associated with MSI requires classical molecular testing as the gold standard. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against 4 MMR proteins as a screening tool for carcinomas with MSI. METHODS In this study, 204 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colorectal carcinomas were examined for MMR protein expression (hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, and hPMS2) and analyzed for MSI (MSI-H indicates at least 2 of 6 markers affected). These results were correlated with histopathologic parameters. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that loss of expression of at least 1 protein was present in 17% of cases. One hundred percent of carcinomas that showed high instability (MSI-H) showed loss of expression of hMLH1, hMSH2, or hMSH6. Loss of expression of 2 proteins was present in 59.4% of MSI-H cases, with only 2 combinations, namely, hMLH1/hPMS2 and hMSH2/hMSH6. Isolated loss of hMSH6 expression was present in 2 MSI-H cases. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that examination of MMR protein expression by immunohistochemistry is a simple method to diagnose colorectal cancer with MSI. Our data suggest that the study of hMSH6 may be useful, in addition to hMLH1 and hMSH2. Moreover, immunohistochemistry could represent a screening method with which to direct research on the mutations of MMR genes observed in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome.
Crowdsourcing Gaze Data Collection

Knowing where people look is a useful tool in many various image and video applications. However, traditional gaze tracking hardware is expensive and requires local study participants, so acquiring gaze location data from a large number of participants is very problematic. In this work we propose a crowdsourced method for acquisition of gaze direction data from a virtually unlimited number of participants, using a robust self-reporting mechanism (see Figure 1). Our system collects temporally sparse but spatially dense points-of-attention in any visual information. We apply our approach to an existing video data set and demonstrate that we obtain results similar to traditional gaze tracking. We also explore the parameter ranges of our method, and collect gaze tracking data for a large set of YouTube videos.
Pure and Scrambled Self‐Aggregates Prepared with Zinc Analogues of Bacteriochlorophylls c and d

Zinc analogues of bacteriochlorophylls c and d self‐assembled in aqueous media with phospholipids. A methanol solution of zinc chlorin and α‐lecithin was put in a cellulose tube and the inner methanol solvent was gradually replaced with water by dialysis to form the self‐assembled oligomers. Visible absorption spectra of the aqueous solution showed that zinc chlorins formed J‐aggregates within the hydrophobic core of α‐lecithin assemblies and that the supramolecular structure of the aggregates depended upon the stereochemistry at the 31‐position and the alkyl substituents at the 8‐, 12‐, and 174‐positions of the zinc chlorin. When the aqueous aggregates were prepared with a mixture of 31‐epimers and/or 8‐, 12‐, or 174‐homologues of zinc 31‐hydroxy‐131‐oxochlorins, the structurally distinct components coaggregated to make scrambled oligomers. However, during the dialysis, zinc 31‐hydroxy‐ and 71‐hydroxy‐131‐oxochlorins slowly individually aggregated to give two structurally different oligomer units in the cellulose tube. In contrast, if the two zinc chlorin components rapidly self‐assembled in an aqueous medium, these components coaggregated to form scrambled oligomers. The present study shows that both the molecular structure of the pigments and the speed of the oligomerization determine the molecular arrangement in chlorosome‐type self‐assembled oligomers.
Enkephalin‐mediated basal ganglia influences over the optic tectum: Immunohistochemistry of the tectum and the lateral spiriform nucleus in pigeon

By using immunohistochemical techniques with antisera directed against either leucine‐enkephalin or methionine‐enkephalin (generously supplied by K. ‐J. Chang), four distinct bands of fibers with enkephalinlike immunoreactivity were demonstrated in the pigeon tectum: (1) a thin band of thick fibers and tightly clustered bulbous swellings in layer 3, (2) a broader band of fibers with less tightly clustered bulbous swellings in layer 5, (3) a broad band of numerous obliquely and radially oriented fibers that spanned layers 8–13, and (4) a band of sinuous fibers in layer 15. In addition, numerous enkephalinergic cell bodies with radially ascending processes were seen in layers 8–10. Since the neurons of the avian lateral spiriform nucleus (SpL) of the pretectum are known to contain enkephalin (Davis et al., 1980; De Lanerolle et al., 1981) and project to the tectum (Brecha et al., 1976; Reiner et al., 1982), unilateral electrolytic lesions were made of SpL. In birds with unilateral lesions of SpL, layers 8–13 of the ipsilateral tectum were nearly devoid of enkephalinergic fibers, but no alterations were seen in layers 3, 5, and 15. Since no other neurons in the vicinity of SpL are enkephalinergic and project to the tectum, the loss of enkephalin‐immunoreactive fibers in the ipsilateral tectal layers 8–13 is attributable to the destruction of SpL. Although the source of the enkephalinergic fibers in tectal layers 3, 5, and 15 is unclear, part of the enkephalin pattern in layers 3 and 5 may derive from the ascending processes of the enkephalinergic neurons of layer 8–10. The present results indicate that SpL has an enkephalinergic projection to layers 8–13 of the ipsilateral tectum. The avian SpL receives its major input from the ascending processes of the enkephalinergic neurons of layers 8–10. nuclei that themselves receive major basal ganglia inputs (Reiner et al., 1982), and projects to the tectal layers 8–13 (Reiner et al., 1982), the layers of origin of the major tectal efferent projections (Reiner and Karten, 1982). The enkephalinergic fibers in layers 8–13 may, thus, have some influence upon the motor output functions of the avian tectum.
A note on Abelian varieties embedded in quadrics

We show that if A is a d-dimensional abelian variety in a smooth quadric of dimension 2d then d=1 and A is an elliptic curve of bidegree (2,2) on a quadric. This extends a result of Van de Ven which says that A only can be embedded in P^{2d} when d=1 or 2.
An experimental model for studying factors which influence metastasis of malignant tumors

Implantation of Lewis lung tumor into the leg muscle of BDF1 male mice resulted in tumor growth at the site of implantation. Metastasis to the lungs regularly occurred, early in the course of the disease, when the primary tumor was small and the mouse was capable of tolerating both surgery and chemotherapy.