Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of Dasher with a high-performance language model as a gaze communication method

Dasher is a promising fast assistive gaze communication method. However, previous evaluations of Dasher have been inconclusive. Either the studies have been too short, involved too few participants, suffered from sampling bias, lacked a control condition, used an inappropriate language model, or a combination of the above. To rectify this, we report results from two new evaluations of Dasher carried out using a Tobii P10 assistive eye-tracker machine. We also present a method of modifying Dasher so that it can use a state-of-the-art long-span statistical language model. Our experimental results show that compared to a baseline eye-typing method, Dasher resulted in significantly faster entry rates (12.6 wpm versus 6.0 wpm in Experiment 1, and 14.2 wpm versus 7.0 wpm in Experiment 2). These faster entry rates were possible while maintaining error rates comparable to the baseline eye-typing method. Participants' perceived physical demand, mental demand, effort and frustration were all significantly lower for Dasher. Finally, participants significantly rated Dasher as being more likeable, requiring less concentration and being more fun.
Simulation of 802.11 PHY/MAC: The quest for accuracy and efficiency

The goal of this work is to highlight and explain the limitations of traditional physical channel models used in network simulators for wireless LANs, with particular reference to VANETs, where these limitations may jeopardize the validity of results, specially for safety applications. The fundamental tradeoff is between simulation time and realism. Indeed, a simulator should provide realistic results as fast as possible, even if several nodes (i.e., hundreds) are considered. Our final goal, beyond this initial contribution, is the development of a stochastic channel model which improves reliability of simulations while increasing computational complexity only marginally. The design of our model is based on the representation of the packet decoding procedure as a Markov Decision (Stochastic) Process (MDP), thus avoiding the computational complexity of the simulation of the entire transmission - propagation - decoding chain bit-by-bit, which can surely provide enough accuracy, but at the price of unacceptable computational (and model) complexity. The paper identifies the key phenomena such as preamble detection, central-frequency misalignment, channel captures, vehicles relative speed, that represent the `state' of the MDP modeling the transmission chain, and propose an MDP structure to exploit it. The focus is on 802.11p and OFDM-based PHY layers, but the model is extensible to other transmission techniques easily. The design is tailored for implementation in ns-3, albeit the modeling principle is general and suitable for every event-driven simulator.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JOB SATISFACTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS EDUCATION AMONG MALE AND FEMALE TEACHERS OF DEGREE COLLEGES

Teaching is regarding as the noblest profession. It is therefore important that those individuals who join the teaching profession should be dedicated and competent in their work. A teacher can perform to the maximum of his capacity; if he/she is satisfied with his/her job. Every profession has certain aspects responsible for job satisfaction along with attitude and teaching is not an exception unless and until a teacher derives satisfaction on job performance and develops a positive attitude towards education, he cannot initiate desirable outcomes to cater to the needs of the society. Only satisfied and well-adjusted teacher can think of the well-being of the pupils. In the light of this background, the aim of this study is to analyze the job satisfaction level among the male and female teachers of Degree Colleges. This paper is an endeavor towards to analyze the attitude of the male and female teachers of Degree Colleges towards education.
Differential Regulation of Action Potential- and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Induced Ca2+ Signals by Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate in Dopaminergic Neurons

Ca2+ signals associated with action potentials (APs) and metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation exert distinct influences on neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. However, it is not clear how these two types of Ca2+ signals are differentially regulated by neurotransmitter inputs in a single neuron. We investigated this issue in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain using brain slices. Intracellular Ca2+ was assessed by measuring Ca2+-sensitive K+ currents or imaging the fluorescence of Ca2+ indicator dyes. Tonic activation of metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors (mGluRs, α1 adrenergic receptors, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors), attained by superfusion of agonists or weak, sustained (∼1 s) synaptic stimulation, augmented AP-induced Ca2+ transients. In contrast, Ca2+ signals elicited by strong, transient (50–200 ms) activation of mGluRs with aspartate iontophoresis were suppressed by superfusion of agonists. These opposing effects on Ca2+ signals were both mediated by an increase in intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) levels, because they were blocked by heparin, an IP3 receptor antagonist, and reproduced by photolytic application of IP3. Evoking APs repetitively at low frequency (2 Hz) caused inactivation of IP3 receptors and abolished IP3 facilitation of single AP-induced Ca2+ signals, whereas facilitation of Ca2+ signals triggered by bursts of APs (five at 20 Hz) was attenuated by less than half. We further obtained evidence suggesting that the psychostimulant amphetamine may augment burst-induced Ca2+ signals via both depression of basal firing and production of IP3. We propose that intracellular IP3 tone provides a mechanism to selectively amplify burst-induced Ca2+ signals in dopaminergic neurons.
Gene mapping and expression analysis of 16q loss of heterozygosity identifies WWOX and CYLD as being important in determining clinical outcome in multiple myeloma.

We performed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for 16q23 abnormalities in 861 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and identified deletion of 16q [del(16q)] in 19.5%. In 467 cases in which demographic and survival data were available, del(16q) was associated with a worse overall survival (OS). It was an independent prognostic marker and conferred additional adverse survival impact in cases with the known poor-risk cytogenetic factors t(4;14) and del(17p). Gene expression profiling and gene mapping using 500K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping arrays revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving 3 regions: the whole of 16q, a region centered on 16q12 (the location of CYLD), and a region centered on 16q23 (the location of the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase gene WWOX). CYLD is a negative regulator of the NF-kappaB pathway, and cases with low expression of CYLD were used to define a "low-CYLD signature. " Cases with 16q LOH or t(14;16) had significantly reduced WWOX expression. WWOX, the site of the translocation breakpoint in t(14;16) cases, is a known tumor suppressor gene involved in apoptosis, and we were able to generate a "low-WWOX signature" defined by WWOX expression. These 2 genes and their corresponding pathways provide an important insight into the potential mechanisms by which 16q LOH confers poor prognosis.
Theory and Method in Ethnomusicology

Bruno Nettl writes in the preface of his new book, "The purpose of the present attempt is to show what ethnomusicologists try to do and what they are actually doing, and to provide some theoretical background for the beginning ethnomusicologist, whatever area of the world is to be his specialty. " The author's intention in writing this introductory compendium to ethnomusicology paid dividends not only for the ethnomusicological neophyte but also for the general student-at-large, and musicology and music education students, specifically. While the chapters on "bibliographic resources of ethnomusicology, field work, and transcription" (chapters 2 through 4) will be of great value to the ethnomusicology major, the two chapters on "music in culture" (chapters 8 and 9) will be a joy for the anthropologist, sociologist, and the student of inter-disciplinary studies. Some of the material of the discussions and demonstrations on analysis, style and instruments (chapters 5 through 7) can be used by the music educator in the classroom. Nettl's book is a beautifully constructed and most practical work, a model of multipurpose writing. Each chapter is divided into many subsections which are indicated by titles in bold letter print. Each chapter is followed by a selected bibliography of representative books and articles. An appendix lists a few sensible preparatory exercises in connection with the contents of chapters 3 through 9. An index of names and topics is present, giving cross references. No footnotes clutter the bottom of the pages. Instead, bibliographical references appear in the body of the text where they refer to the corresponding entry of the chapter bibliography. This is a work which compares favorably with Nettl's many other publications (Music in Primitive Culture, Cambridge, 1956; An Introduction to Folk Music in the United
Coherence and disparity in assessment literacies among higher education staff

Assessment literacies are finding leverage, but there is little exploration of links between theory, practice and perceived understandings in higher education (HE). This article builds on and consolidates research that has taken place over ten years that evaluates assessment literacies among HE lecturers in education and science, and in staff developers, by presenting a comparative view of the data. The results indicate that there was generally a good understanding of theoretical and practical aspects of summative assessment across all groups. However, understandings of formative assessment showed little concordance between and within the groups, particularly among staff developers, but this group was better at clarifying the necessary link between formative assessment and feedback. Although education lecturers had a firmer grasp of central terminologies, in general there are still deficits in understanding about how these terms interrelate. Staff developers' relative weakness of understanding in some areas is of concern since this group shapes those who teach. These issues are exacerbated by a lack of acknowledgement that they exist, which may seriously hamper the development of both staff and students in clarifying processes they encounter daily. Basic shared understandings are required that can translate into personal, coherent assessment literacies. As a community we need to take on this task, because if we do not, as individuals, or individual groups, we will continue to have fragmented assessment literacies.
MeSHer: identifying biological concepts in microarray assays based on PubMed references and MeSH terms

UNLABELLED MeSHer uses a simple statistical approach to identify biological concepts in the form of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) obtained from the PubMed database that are significantly overrepresented within the identified gene set relative to those associated with the overall collection of genes on the underlying DNA microarray platform. As a demonstration, we apply this approach to gene lists acquired from a published study of the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment on cardiac gene expression and demonstrate that this approach can aid in the interpretation of the resulting 'significant' gene set. AVAILABILITY The software is available at http://www.tm4. org. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Results from the analysis of significant genes from the published Ang II study.
Nice to know you: Positive emotions, self–other overlap, and complex understanding in the formation of a new relationship

Based on Fredrickson's ((1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300–319. ; (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226) broaden-and-build theory and Aron and Aron's ((1986). Love as expansion of the self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction. New York: Hemisphere) self-expansion theory, it was hypothesized that positive emotions broaden people's feelings of self–other overlap in the beginning of a new relationship. In a prospective study of first-year college students, we found that, after 1 week in college, positive emotions predicted increased self–other overlap with new roommates, which in turn predicted a more complex understanding of the roommate. In addition, participants who experienced a high ratio of positive to negative emotions throughout the first month of college reported a greater increase in self–other overlap and complex understanding than participants with a low positivity ratio. Implications for the role of positive emotions in the formation of new relationships are discussed. At such moments, you realize that you and the other are, in fact, one. It's a big realization. Survival is the second law of life. The first is that we are all one. Joseph Campbell
Physical Properties of the AND-1B Core, ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, Antarctica

Abstract - Whole-core physical properties of the AND-1B sediment core were determined on site for initial core characterisation and correlation with seismic modelling to predict target-reﬂ ector depth. This was accomplished by the application of a GEOTEK MSCL (multisensor core logger) from which detected parameters were converted to wet bulk density (WBD), P-wave velocity (Vp), and magnetic susceptibility (MS). Due to difﬁ culties in terms of sensor drift, non-contact resistivity (NCR) data were not processed on site. Standards were logged together with the cores throughout the entire depth range to monitor data quality and demonstrate that no systematic offsets occurred between different core diameters of the AND-1B core (PQ-liner, PQ, HQ, and NQ). Physical properties exhibit a large range of values, reﬂ ecting the different nature of the various lithologies including clasts, effects of cementation, and overall downcore gradients in WBD and Vp as a result of compaction. Generally, the boundaries of the major stratigraphic units are in good agreement with changes in the pattern of the physical properties. WBD, Vp, and MS exhibit remarkable cyclicities in particular in the upper part of the core down to about 600 metres below seaﬂ oor (mbsf).
Recreation Conflict and Tolerance Among Skiers and Snowboarders

Recreation conflict and tolerance between skiers and snowboarders has been an issue at winter resorts. With the number of snowboarding participants doubling in the last ten years and still growing, conflict situations with skiers seem likely to increase. The purpose of this study was to examine conflict and tolerance among skiers and snowboarders employing Jacob and Schreyer’s (1980) conflict model. Conflict was measured in two ways. One measure assessed whether respondents experienced reduced enjoyment due to the presence or behavior of other skiers or snowboarders. The second conflict indicator measured the extent to which certain events were perceived as problems affecting enjoyment. These items were combined to create a general index of conflict for both skiers and snowboarders. Similarly, tolerance was measured with three multiple-item indices: skier tolerance, snowboarder tolerance, and general compatibility between the two activities. Data were collected at a rural ski town in northcentral Colorado using on-site surveys (n=186). Three hypotheses about conflict, tolerance, and the relationship between conflict and tolerance among adult skiers and snowboarders were tested.One-way analysis of variance was used to explore the intra-and interactivity conflict relationships between the two activities. Pearson r correlations were used to examine relationships between the tolerance indices and conflict measures for both activities. Findings indicated that skiers and snowboarders had similar levels of conflict toward their outgroups. Both skiers and snowboarders expressed increased enjoyment when their respective groups were present or encountered, but skiers showed a greater degree of intra-activity conflict (conflict resulting from other skiers). In addition, skiers were less accepting than snowboarders towards the general compatibility of both activities. Finally, consistent with the findings of Jacob and Schreyer (1980), regardless of activity, individuals with higher tolerance experienced less conflict than individuals with lower tolerance. Information on the nature and extent of conflict among skiers and snowboarders can help managers resolve conflicts and ensure a high quality user’s experience.
Dynamics of jamming avoidance in echolocating bats

Animals using active sensing systems such as echolocation or electrolocation may experience interference from the signals of neighbouring conspecifics, which can be offset by a jamming avoidance response (JAR). Here, we report JAR in one echolocating bat (Tadarida teniotis: Molossidae) but not in another (Taphozous perforatus: Emballonuridae) when both flew and foraged with conspecifics. In T. teniotis, JAR consisted of shifts in the dominant frequencies of echolocation calls, enhancing differences among individuals. Larger spectral overlap of signals elicited stronger JAR. Tadarida teniotis showed two types of JAR: (i) for distant conspecifics: a symmetric JAR, with lower– and higher–frequency bats shifting their frequencies downwards and upwards, respectively, on average by the same amount; and (ii) for closer conspecifics: an asymmetric JAR, with only the upper–frequency bat shifting its frequency upwards. In comparison, ‘wave–type’ weakly electric fishes also shift frequencies of discharges in a JAR, but unlike T. teniotis, the shifts are either symmetric in some species or asymmetric in others. We hypothesize that symmetric JAR in T. teniotis serves to avoid jamming and improve echolocation, whereas asymmetric JAR may aid communication by helping to identify and locate conspecifics, thus minimizing chances of mid–air collisions.
The effectiveness of postoperative neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio in predicting long-term recurrence after stomach cancer surgery

Purpose Immunosuppression is a characteristic of cancer recurrence after curative resection. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NL ratio) in peripheral blood is associated with immune function. However, it is not clear whether the postoperative NL ratio is a predictor for cancer relapse after resection. Thus, we investigated the effectiveness of the short-term postoperative NL ratio in the prediction of disease recurrence within 5 years after stomach cancer surgery by a retrospective chart review. Methods Ninety-three patients with stomach cancer were enrolled. Significant risk factors for cancer recurrence were determined by multivariate Cox regression. Independent variables to increase the NL ratio to >7.7 by postoperative day (POD) 3 were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The 5-year risk of cancer recurrence after gastrectomy was 4.2 times higher for patients with a POD3 NL ratio of >7.7 (P = 0.005), 3.4 times higher for normal-weight patients compared with overweight patients (P = 0.008), and 20 times higher for stage III compared with stage 0 according to the tumor-node-metastasis cancer staging system (P = 0.003). The surgical duration (hours) increased the chance of high NL ratio >7.7 (odds ratio, 2.5; P = 0.006). Conclusion The postoperative NL ratio, especially the POD3 NL ratio, predicts long-term recurrence after stomach cancer surgery.
Comparison of Ginsenoside Contents in Different Parts of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)

The present study was conducted to investigate the ginsenoside profiles of the main root, root hair, and leaf of ginseng in order to demonstrate their possible application in medicine. The total ginsenoside content of the leaf was up to 12 times than that in the main root, and the content of protopanaxadiol groups was higher than that of protopanaxatriol groups in all the samples. The leaf was shown to contain high amounts of ginsenosides Rb3 and Rh1, whereas the main root contained large amounts of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc. Moreover, Rb2, Rb3, and Rg1 were only detected in the root hair, leaf, and main root, respectively. The ginsenoside Re content of Panax ginseng leaf and root hair was 2.6~4 times higher than that of the main root. Therefore, the results indicate that the ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng is higher in the leaf and root hair, and lower in the main root.
Recovery, desistance, and the role of procedural justice in working alliances with mentally ill offenders: a critical review

Abstract Recovery and desistance in mentally ill offenders can be more complicated than in respectively general psychiatric or offender populations due to factors and processes on individual, contextual and structural levels. In this paper we focus on a specific element of the interplay between the individual and the contextual level; the working alliance. Beneficial working alliances during (quasi-)compulsory treatment and offender supervision can facilitate recovery and desistance in mentally ill offenders. These alliances are however characterized by a tension between care and control and further complicated by mentally ill offenders’ experiences of trauma and stigma. To our opinion, a procedurally just approach can counterbalance these two difficulties by setting a sound rehabilitative climate in which recovery and desistance can be facilitated in mentally ill offenders. We support our argument by a critical review of findings from theoretical papers and empirical research studies from psychological-psychiatric and legal-criminological scientific domains on the subjects of recovery, desistance, (quasi-)compulsory treatment processes, and procedural justice. A procedurally just approach can be valuable for policy, treatment as well as future research regarding recovery and desistance in mentally ill offenders.
Text Mining for Metabolic Pathways, Signaling Cascades, and Protein Networks

The complexity of the information stored in databases and publications on metabolic and signaling pathways, the high throughput of experimental data, and the growing number of publications make it imperative to provide systems to help the researcher navigate through these interrelated information resources. Text-mining methods have started to play a key role in the creation and maintenance of links between the information stored in biological databases and its original sources in the literature. These links will be extremely useful for database updating and curation, especially if a number of technical problems can be solved satisfactorily, including the identification of protein and gene names (entities in general) and the characterization of their types of interactions. The first generation of openly accessible text-mining systems, such as iHOP (Information Hyperlinked over Proteins), provides additional functions to facilitate the reconstruction of protein interaction networks, combine database and text information, and support the scientist in the formulation of novel hypotheses. The next challenge is the generation of comprehensive information regarding the general function of signaling pathways and protein interaction networks.