Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Storing infinite numbers of patterns in a spin-glass model of neural networks.

The Hopfield model for a neural network is studied in the limit when the number $p$ of stored patterns increases with the size $N$ of the network, as $p=\ensuremath{\alpha}N$. It is shown that, despite its spin-glass features, the model exhibits associative memory for $\ensuremath{\alpha}l{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.14$. This is a result of the existence at low temperature of $2p$ dynamically stable degenerate states, each of which is almost fully correlated with one of the patterns. These states become ground states at $\ensuremath{\alpha}l0.05$. The phase diagram of this rich spin-glass is described.
Observation of multiple ionization pathways for OCS in an intense laser field resolved by three-dimensional covariance mapping and visualized by hierarchical ionization topology

The two- and three-body Coulomb explosion of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) by 790 nm, 50 fs laser pulses focused to {approx_equal}10{sup 16} W cm{sup -2} has been investigated by the three-dimensional covariance mapping technique. In a triatomic molecule, a single charge state, in this case the trication, has been observed to dissociate into two distinct energy channels. With the aid of a three-dimensional visualization technique to reveal the ionization hierarchy, evidence is presented for the existence of two sets of ionization pathways resulting from these two initial states. While one group of ions can be modeled using a classical enhanced ionization model, the second group, consisting of mainly asymmetric channels, cannot. The results provide clear evidence that an enhanced ionization approach must also be accompanied by an appreciation of the effects of excited ionic states and multielectronic processes.
ENGINEERED POROUS CATALYTIC MATERIALS

▪ Abstract In recent years substantial progress has been made in the control of the properties of porous materials on the nano-, meso-, and macroscale. The feature of solids can, in favorable cases, be tailored to such an extent that one is justified in using the term engineering of porous catalytic materials. This review highlights recent developments concerning (a) the control of the pore structure of zeolites, (b) the creation of single site type catalysts based on ordered mesoporous oxides, (c) the catalytic potential of porous coordination compounds, and (d) the advances with respect to direct production of desired shapes of porous catalytic materials.
A Macroscopic Model for the Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect

The Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect means serrated yielding or jerky flow phenomenon in some alloys. In this paper a macroscopic model is developed to investigate the PLC effect with the emphasis on mechanical response of the structure evolution on microscopic scale. In addition to the normal work hardening effect, the model takes account of the thermal activation of dislocation moving with the aid of stress and the collective interactions between mobile dislocations and solute atoms due to dynamic strain ageing (DSA). It can satisfy the negative strain rate sensitivity of flow stress, which is believed to be one of the most special features associated with the PLC effect. The heterogeneous nature of the deformed material is also considered by introducing a nonuniform spatial distribution of some model parameters. The serrated yielding and localized deformation behavior can be successfully reproduced via numerical simulation based on this model.
Outlier-Robust PCA: The High-Dimensional Case

Principal component analysis plays a central role in statistics, engineering, and science. Because of the prevalence of corrupted data in real-world applications, much research has focused on developing robust algorithms. Perhaps surprisingly, these algorithms are unequipped-indeed, unable-to deal with outliers in the high-dimensional setting where the number of observations is of the same magnitude as the number of variables of each observation, and the dataset contains some (arbitrarily) corrupted observations. We propose a high-dimensional robust principal component analysis algorithm that is efficient, robust to contaminated points, and easily kernelizable. In particular, our algorithm achieves maximal robustness-it has a breakdown point of 50% (the best possible), while all existing algorithms have a breakdown point of zero. Moreover, our algorithm recovers the optimal solution exactly in the case where the number of corrupted points grows sublinearly in the dimension.
CUDA multiclass change detection for remote sensing hyperspectral images using extended morphological profiles

The need for information of the Earth's surface is growing as it is the base for applications such as monitoring the land uses or performing environmental studies, for example. In this context the effective change detection (CD) among multitemporal datasets is a key process that must produce accurate results obtained by computationally efficient algorithms. Most of the CD methods are focused on binary detection (presence or absence of changes) or in the clustering of the different detected types of changes. In this paper, a CUDA scheme to perform pixel-based multiclass CD for hyperspectral datasets is introduced. The scheme combines multiclass CD with binary CD to obtain an accurate multiclass change map. The combination with the binary map contributes to reducing the execution time of the CUDA code. The binary CD is based on performing the difference among images based on Euclidean and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) distances and a later thresholding by Otsu's algorithm to detect the changed pixels. The multiclass CD begins with the fusion of the multitemporal data following with feature extraction by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and incorporating spatial features by means of an Extended Morphological Profile (EMP). The resulting dataset is filtered using the binary CD map and classified pixel by pixel by the supervised algorithms Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The scheme was validated in a non-synthetic multitemporal hyperspectral dataset.
European Thyroid Association Guidelines regarding Thyroid Nodule Molecular Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnostics

Molecular fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnostics has the potential to address the inherent limitation of FNA cytology which is an indeterminate (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance follicular neoplasm) cytology. Because of the emerging role of molecular FNA cytology diagnostics, the European Thyroid Association convened a panel of international experts to review methodological aspects, indications, results, and limitations of molecular FNA cytology diagnostics. The panel reviewed the evidence for the diagnostic value of mutation panel assessment (including at least BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, PAX8/PPARG, RET/PTC) of targeted next generation sequencing and of a microarray gene expression classifier (GEC) test in the diagnostic assessment of an indeterminate cytology thyroid nodule. Moreover, possible surgical consequences of molecular FNA diagnostic results of thyroid nodules and the evidence that analysis of a molecular FNA diagnostic panel of somatic mutations or a microarray GEC test can alter the follow-up were reviewed. Molecular tests may help clinicians to drive patient care and the surgical decision if the analysis is performed in specialized laboratories. These molecular tests require standardization of performance characteristics and appropriate calibration as well as analytic validation before clinical interpretation.
C*-algebraic approach to the Bose-Hubbard model

We give a new derivation of the variational formula for the pressure of the long-range-hopping Bose-Hubbard model, which was first proven by Bru and Dorlas [J. Stat. Phys. 113, 177 (2003)]. The proof is analogous to that of a theorem on noncommutative large deviations introduced by Petz et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 121, 271 (1989)] and could similarly be extended to more general Bose systems of mean-field type. We apply this formalism to prove Bose-Einstein condensation for the case of small coupling.
Benzyl Isothiocyanate Causes FoxO1-Mediated Autophagic Death in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a constituent of edible cruciferous vegetables, inhibits growth of breast cancer cells but the mechanisms underlying growth inhibitory effect of BITC are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that BITC treatment causes FoxO1-mediated autophagic death in cultured human breast cancer cells. The BITC-treated breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, BT-474, and BRI-JM04) and MDA-MB-231 xenografts from BITC-treated mice exhibited several features characteristic of autophagy, including appearance of double-membrane vacuoles (transmission electron microscopy) and acidic vesicular organelles (acridine orange staining), cleavage of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and/or suppression of p62 (p62/SQSTM1 or sequestosome 1) expression. On the other hand, a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) was resistant to BITC-induced autophagy. BITC-mediated inhibition of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell viability was partially but statistically significantly attenuated in the presence of autophagy inhibitors 3-methyl adenine and bafilomycin A1. Stable overexpression of Mn-superoxide dismutase, which was fully protective against apoptosis, conferred only partial protection against BITC-induced autophagy. BITC treatment decreased phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream targets (P70s6k and 4E-BP1) in cultured MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 xenografts, but activation of mTOR by transient overexpression of its positive regulator Rheb failed to confer protection against BITC-induced autophagy. Autophagy induction by BITC was associated with increased expression and acetylation of FoxO1. Furthermore, autophagy induction and cell growth inhibition resulting from BITC exposure were significantly attenuated by small interfering RNA knockdown of FoxO1. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insights into the molecular circuitry of BITC-induced cell death involving FoxO1-mediated autophagy.
Sex-dependent effects of nutrition on telomere dynamics in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

At a cellular level, oxidative stress is known to increase telomere attrition, and hence cellular senescence and risk of disease. It has been proposed that dietary micronutrients play an important role in telomere protection due to their antioxidant properties. We experimentally manipulated dietary micronutrients during early life in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). We found no effects of micronutrient intake on telomere loss during chick growth. However, females given a diet high in micronutrients during sexual maturation showed reduced telomere loss; there was no such effect in males. These results suggest that micronutrients may influence rates of cellular senescence, but differences in micronutrient requirement and allocation strategies, probably linked to the development of sexual coloration, may underlie sex differences in response.
Chemoresponsive assemblies of microparticles at liquid crystalline interfaces

Assemblies formed by solid particles at interfaces have been widely studied because they serve as models of molecular phenomena, including molecular self-assembly. Solid particles adsorbed at interfaces also provide a means of stabilizing liquid–liquid emulsions and synthesizing materials with tunable mechanical, optical, or electronic properties. Whereas many past studies have investigated colloids at interfaces of isotropic liquids, recently, new types of intercolloidal interactions have been unmasked at interfaces of liquid crystals (LCs): The long-range ordering of the LCs, as well as defects within the LCs, mediates intercolloidal interactions with symmetries that differ from those observed with isotropic liquids. Herein, we report the decoration of interfaces formed between aqueous phases and nematic LCs with prescribed densities of solid, micrometer-sized particles. The microparticles assemble into chains with controlled interparticle spacing, consistent with the dipolar symmetry of the defects observed to form about each microparticle. Addition of a molecular surfactant to the aqueous phase results in a continuous ordering transition in the LC, which triggers reorganization of the microparticles, first by increasing the spacing between microparticles within chains and ultimately by forming two-dimensional arrays with local hexagonal symmetry. The ordering transition of the microparticles is reversible and is driven by surfactant-induced changes in the symmetry of the topological defects induced by the microparticles. These results demonstrate that the orderings of solid microparticles and molecular adsorbates are strongly coupled at the interfaces of LCs and that LCs offer the basis of methods for reversible, chemosensitive control of the interfacial organization of solid microparticles.
Generalized transduction of serotype 1/2 and serotype 4b strains of Listeria monocytogenes

This is the first report of generalized transduction in the Gram‐positive, food‐borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Bacteriophages were isolated from the environment and from lysogens, or were obtained from other laboratories. Of the 59 bacteriophages tested, 34 proved to be capable of transduction. We exploited the ability of L. monocytogenes to grow at room temperature and isolated bacteriophages that were incapable of growth at 37°C. Transductions at this temperature therefore eliminated transductant killing and lysogeny, as did inclusion of citrate and the use of a low multiplicity of infection. Transducing bacteriophages were found for each of the well‐characterized L. monocytogenes strains: EGD, 10403, Mack (serotype1/2a), L028 (serotype 1/2c), Scott A (serotype 4b) and strains from the Jalisco and Halifax, Nova Scotia outbreaks (serotype 4b). P35 (φLMUP35) is a particularly useful generalized transducing bacteriophage with a wide host range (75% of all serotype 1/2 strains tested). Its disadvantages are that it is small and transduction is relatively infrequent. U153(φCU‐SI153/95) is larger than P35 and transduction frequency increased 100‐fold, but it has a very narrow host range. We demonstrated interstrain transduction and used transduction to test linkage between transposon insertions and mutant phenotypes in a variety of strains.
The NY1 Hantavirus Gn Cytoplasmic Tail Coprecipitates TRAF 3 and Inhibits Cellular Interferon Responses by Disrupting TBK 1-TRAF 3 Complex Formation

The NY-1 Hantavirus Gn Cytoplasmic Tail Coprecipitates TRAF3 and Inhibits Cellular Interferon Responses by Disrupting TBK1-TRAF3 Complex Formation Peter J. Alff, Nandini Sen, Elena Gorbunova, Irina N. Gavrilovskaya, and Erich R. Mackow* Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, and Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York 11768
Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors For Acute Kidney Injury After Surgery on The Thoracic Aorta

Abstract Perioperative risk factors were identified for acute kidney injury (AKI) defined by the RIFLE criteria (RIFLE = risk, injury, failure, loss, end stage) after surgery on the thoracic aorta with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in this case-control study. A retrospective review was completed for 702 patients who underwent surgery on the thoracic aorta with CPB. A total of 183 patients with AKI were matched 1:1 with patients without AKI by a propensity score. Matched variables included age, gender, body-mass index, preoperative creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate, a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accident, smoking history, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to exclude the influence of patient demographics, preoperative medical status, and baseline renal function. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate for independent risk factors in the matched sample of 366 patients. The incidence of AKI was 28.6% and 5.9% of patients from the entire sample required renal replacement therapy. AKI was associated with a prolonged postoperative hospital stay and a higher one-month and one-year mortality both in the entire and matched sample set. Independent risk factors for AKI were a left ventricular ejection fraction <55%, preoperative hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, albumin <4.0 g/dL, diagnosis of dissection, operation time >7 hours, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) time >30 min, pRBC transfusion >1000 mL, and FFP transfusion >500 mL. Although the incidence of poor glucose control (blood glucose >180 mg/dL) was higher in patients with AKI in matched sample, it was not an independent risk factor. AKI was still associated with a poor clinical outcome in the matched sample. Potentially modifiable risk factors included preoperative anemia and hypoalbuminemia. Efforts to minimize operation time and DHCA time along with transfusion amount may protect patients undergoing aortic surgery against AKI.
ENDOGENOUSLY SEGMENTED ASSET MARKET IN AN INVENTORY-THEORETIC MODEL OF MONEY DEMAND

This paper studies the effects of monetary policy in an inventory-theoretic model of money demand. In this model, agents keep inventories of money, despite the fact that money is dominated in rate of return by interest-bearing assets, because they must pay a fixed cost to transfer funds between the asset market and the goods market. In contrast to exogenous segmentation models in the literature, the timing of money transfers is endogenous. As a result, the model endogenizes the degree of market segmentation as well as the magnitudes of liquidity effects, price sluggishness, and the variability of velocity. I first show that the endogenous segmentation model can generate the positive long-run relationship between money growth and velocity observed in the data, which the exogenous segmentation model fails to capture. I also show that the short-run effects of money shocks on prices, inflation, and nominal interest rates are not robust.
Distributed coordinated tracking control for multiple nonholonomic systems with directed communication topology

In this paper, a distributed coordinated tracking control problem for a group of nonholonomic chained systems has been discussed under the assumption that the desired trajectory is available only to a part of neighboring agents. First, coordinated tracking controllers under the directed communication topology graph containing a spanning tree are designed for two subsystems, adaptive control gains are employed in the linear subsystem based on the state information of neighboring agents, and global information of the topology is not required to be known in the control laws. Then the backstepping strategy is applied in the rest of chained-form subsystem such that the state of all the agents converge to the state of the desired reference trajectory. Finally, an application is introduced and the simulation results are given to show the validity of proposed theoretical results.
Single Image Super-Resolution Using Global Regression Based on Multiple Local Linear Mappings

Super-resolution (SR) has become more vital, because of its capability to generate high-quality ultra-high definition (UHD) high-resolution (HR) images from low-resolution (LR) input images. Conventional SR methods entail high computational complexity, which makes them difficult to be implemented for up-scaling of full-high-definition input images into UHD-resolution images. Nevertheless, our previous super-interpolation (SI) method showed a good compromise between Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) performances and computational complexity. However, since SI only utilizes simple linear mappings, it may fail to precisely reconstruct HR patches with complex texture. In this paper, we present a novel SR method, which inherits the large-to-small patch conversion scheme from SI but uses global regression based on local linear mappings (GLM). Thus, our new SR method is called GLM-SI. In GLM-SI, each LR input patch is divided into 25 overlapped subpatches. Next, based on the local properties of these subpatches, 25 different local linear mappings are applied to the current LR input patch to generate 25 HR patch candidates, which are then regressed into one final HR patch using a global regressor. The local linear mappings are learned cluster-wise in our off-line training phase. The main contribution of this paper is as follows: Previously, linear-mapping-based conventional SR methods, including SI only used one simple yet coarse linear mapping to each patch to reconstruct its HR version. On the contrary, for each LR input patch, our GLM-SI is the first to apply a combination of multiple local linear mappings, where each local linear mapping is found according to local properties of the current LR patch. Therefore, it can better approximate nonlinear LR-to-HR mappings for HR patches with complex texture. Experiment results show that the proposed GLM-SI method outperforms most of the state-of-the-art methods, and shows comparable PSNR performance with much lower computational complexity when compared with a super-resolution method based on convolutional neural nets (SRCNN15). Compared with the previous SI method that is limited with a scale factor of 2, GLM-SI shows superior performance with average 0.79 dB higher in PSNR, and can be used for scale factors of 3 or higher.
Early development of two types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Functional changes of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) channels in embryonic Xenopus myotomal muscle cells were examined during their development in culture. Single-channel currents evoked by 50 or 500 nM ACh were measured using the patch-clamp technique. In Xenopus myocytes the first emergence of AChRs takes place at about stage 20 (Nieuwkoop and Faber). Myotomes were dissociated at very early stages and plated in culture. Single-channel currents through AChRs were recorded at times ranging from a few hours (stage 21) to several days (stage 47) after the first emergence of AChRs. Two classes of AChR channel were recorded: One class had a low conductance with a long burst duration (low-conductance channel), and the other had a high conductance with a short burst duration (high-conductance channel). Both of these classes were active from the earliest time recorded (stages 21–24). One effect of development was a shift in the relative activity of the low- and high-conductance channels. Initially (stages 21–24), the low conductance channels predominated, accounting for over 95% of the observed events. After 3 d in culture, however, high- and low- conductance events occurred with roughly equal frequency. The other effect of development was a 4-fold decrease in the mean burst length of the low-conductance channel. The decrease in burst length took place rapidly, with about 60% of the change occurring within 24 hr in culture. The burst length of the high-conductance channel remained virtually constant during development, as did the unitary conductance of both channels and the voltage dependence of their mean burst lengths. The developmental change in the proportion of low- and high- conductance channels is likely due to the increased insertion of new high-conductance channels. However, the molecular mechanism of the shortening of burst length of the low-conductance channel is unknown.