Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodality optical imaging and 18F-FDG uptake in wild-type p53-containing and p53-null human colon tumor xenografts

During tumor development a switch to glycolytic metabolism known as the Warburg effect may provide cancer cells with a survival advantage and may also provide a therapeutic opportunity. A number of signals contribute to aerobic glycolysis including those mediated by HIF-1, c-Myc, Akt and Hexokinase. Recent studies have implicated the p53 tumor suppressor as a negative regulator of this switch. Using inducible p53 gene silencing in bioluminescent tumor xenografts we initially observed qualitatively similar levels of FDG uptake by PET small animal imaging in wild-type p53-expressing tumor xenografts and p53 gene-silenced xenografts. We further evaluated glucose uptake using FDG-PET/CT fusion imaging of green and red fluorescently-labeled wild-type and p53-null human colon tumor xenografts. Our results demonstrate that the wild-type p53-expressing tumor xenografts exhibit high levels of glucose uptake, similar to those observed in p53-null tumor xenografts, by quantitative PET imaging indicative of the glycolytic switch. Thus p53 function is not sufficient to suppress glucose uptake in cells and tumors that could theoretically support aerobic glycolysis.
The Sex Ratio and Female Marital Opportunity as Historical Predictors of Violent Crime in England, Scotland, and the United States

The effects of sex ratios and marriage markets on violent crime were investigated by regression analysis of temporal variation in violent crime rates in England and Wales (1856 to 1980), Scotland (1871 to 1980), and homicides in the United States (1900 to 1988). Independent variables included the sex ratio of adults (15 to 44 years), marital opportunity of women (ratio of single men to women at the peak age of marriage), illegitimacy ratios, and unemployment. For England and Wales, and Scotland, violent crimes against persons increased with the sex ratio and illegitimacy ratios and were inversely related to marital opportunities for women. For the United States, homicides were inversely related to marital opportunities for women. Reduced marital opportunity for women predicts violent crime independently of the sex ratio, as does illegitimacy. These associations were contemporaneous, suggesting a role of mating competition, rather than being delayed a generation, consistent with effects of reduced parental investment.
Peripheral O 2 diffusion does not affect V̇O 2 on-kinetics in isolated in situ canine muscle

Grassi, Bruno, L. Bruce Gladden, Creed M. Stary, and Peter D. Wagner. Peripheral O2 diffusion does not affect V̇O2 on-kinetics in isolated in situ canine muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 85(4): 1404–1412, 1998. —To test the hypothesis that muscle O2 uptake (V̇O2) on-kinetics is limited, at least in part, by peripheral O2 diffusion, we determined the V̇O2 on-kinetics in 1) normoxia (Control); 2) hyperoxic gas breathing (Hyperoxia); and 3) hyperoxia and the administration of a drug (RSR-13, Allos Therapeutics), which right-shifts the Hb-O2 dissociation curve (Hyperoxia1RSR-13). The study was conducted in isolated canine gastrocnemius muscles (n 5 5) during transitions from rest to 3 min of electrically stimulated isometric tetanic contractions (200-ms trains, 50 Hz; 1 contraction/2 s; 60–70% peak V̇O2). In all conditions, before and during contractions, muscle was pump perfused with constantly elevated blood flow (Q̇), at a level measured at steady state during contractions in preliminary trials with spontaneous Q̇. Adenosine was infused intra-arterially to prevent inordinate pressure increases with the elevated Q̇. Q̇ was measured continuously, arterial and popliteal venous O2 concentrations were determined at rest and at 5to 7-s intervals during contractions, and V̇O2 was calculated as Q̇ ·arteriovenous O2 content difference. PO2 at 50% HbO2 saturation (P50) was calculated. Mean capillary PO2 (PcO2) was estimated by numerical integration. P50 was higher in Hyperoxia1RSR-13 [40 6 1 (SE) Torr] than in Control and in Hyperoxia (31 6 1 Torr). After 15 s of contractions, PcO2 was higher in Hyperoxia (97 6 9 Torr) vs. Control (53 6 3 Torr) and in Hyperoxia1RSR-13 (197 6 39 Torr) vs. Hyperoxia. The time to reach 63% of the difference between baseline and steady-state V̇O2 during contractions was 24.7 6 2.7 s in Control, 26.3 6 0.8 s in Hyperoxia, and 24.7 6 1.1 s in Hyperoxia1RSR-13 (not significant). Enhancement of peripheral O2 diffusion (obtained by increased PcO2 at constant O2 delivery) during the rest-to-contraction (60–70% of peak V̇O2) transition did not affect muscle V̇O2 on-kinetics.
Probabilistic pursuit-evasion games: theory, implementation, and experimental evaluation

We consider the problem of having a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) pursue a second team of evaders while concurrently building a map in an unknown environment. We cast the problem in a probabilistic game theoretical framework, and consider two computationally feasible greedy pursuit policies: local-mar and global-max. To implement this scenario on real UAVs and UGVs, we propose a distributed hierarchical hybrid system architecture which emphasizes the autonomy of each agent, yet allows for coordinated team efforts. We describe the implementation of the architecture on a fleet of UAVs and UGVs, detailing components such as high-level pursuit policy computation, map building and interagent communication, and low-level navigation, sensing, and control. We present both simulation and experimental results of real pursuit-evasion games involving our fleet of UAVs and UGVs, and evaluate the pursuit policies relating expected capture times to the speed and intelligence of the evaders and the sensing capabilities of the pursuers.
The Relationship Between Parenting Behaviors and Adolescent Achievement and Self-Efficacy in Chile and Ecuador

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the perception of parenting behaviors (positive induction, monitoring, autonomy granting, punitiveness, and permissiveness) on adolescent achievement orientation and self-efficacy among samples of Chilean and Ecuadorian adolescents. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that parental positive induction significantly predicted a greater achievement orientation for Ecuadorian youth. Achievement orientation and self-efficacy was positively predicted by the perception of Chilean mothers' and fathers' monitoring of behaviors. By contrast, a perception of greater parental punitiveness by Chilean youth negatively predicted self-efficacy and achievement orientation. Similarly, parental punitiveness and permissiveness negatively predicted self-efficacy among Ecuadorian youth. This study yields important insights into the diversity of Latin American culture and parenting behaviors that foster greater adolescent competency.
Self-enhancement and Superiority Biases in Social Comparison

An overview of self-related superiority biases in social comparison is presented. Included are false consensus, false uniqueness, pluralistic ignorance, illusory superiority, unrealistic optimism, the sensitive and multifaceted self, the “Barnum” effect and the self-other asymmetry. Important conceptual and theoretical problems characterizing the field are pointed out and a review of cognitive explanations is presented. It is argued that most superiority biases are closely related to each other and that the self-enhancement motive or the pervasive tendency to see oneself in a favourable light offers a more fruitful approach towards their integration than the cognitive point of view. Some theoretical and heuristic implications of the proposed integration are briefly outlined.
The we and the us

This study investigates the importance of mentoring in African American women’s selection of higher education as a career choice and in their development as professionals in that career. The research provides recommendations on how African American female administrators in higher education can further advance their career choices and career development. Mentoring has been identified as a factor leading to upward mobility in employment, success in education, and personal development. However, research to date has not addressed the following questions: • How are mentors relevant to the career choices and development of African American women administrators in higher education? • How do race and gender affect the career decision-making process of African American women in higher education? This research clarifies how mentoring affects the career choices of African American women who become administrators in higher education and how their sociocultural and gender experiences define their career choices and development.
Dual frequency and dual circular polarization microstrip nonresonant array pin-fed from a radial line

A new type of a dual frequency and dual circular polarization multilayer microstrip nonresonant antenna array for satellite communication is presented. The microstrip radiating elements in the array are arranged in concentric circles and fed through pins embedded in a radial line. The radial line is excited through a probe at its center. The microstrip array exhibits a dual frequency band of operation, low side-lobes in the radiation pattern, and high radiation efficiency (more than 65%) for both polarizations. The microstrip element has been designed using commercial software based on the method of finite integral time domain algorithm, and the feed network has been designed by a theoretical analysis. A prototype of the array has been built and tested. The agreement between the measured and numerical results is satisfactory.
Higher education as a change agent for sustainability in different cultures and contexts

Purpose – The goal of this paper is to enhance consideration for the potential for institutions of higher education throughout the world, in different cultures and contexts, to be change agents for sustainability. As society faces unprecedented and increasingly urgent challenges associated with accelerating environmental change, resource scarcity, increasing inequality and injustice, as well as rapid technological change, new opportunities for higher education are emerging. Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds on the emerging literature on transition management and identifies five critical issues to be considered in assessing the potential for higher education as a change agent in any particular region or place. To demonstrate the value of these critical issues, exemplary challenges and opportunities in different contexts are provided. Findings – The five critical issues include regional-specific dominant sustainability challenges, financing structure and independence, institutional organization, the extent of democratic processes, and communication and interaction with society. Originality/value – Given that the challenges and opportunities for higher education as a change agent are context-specific, identifying, synthesizing, and integrating common themes is a valuable and unique contribution.
MULTI-METHOD RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION TO ITS APPLICATION IN POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

This paper sets the context for four papers on multi-method research inpopulation geography. It begins by outlining the various ends to which multi-method research may be employed. The focus then shifts to the broader plane of method, epistemology, and research design. It is argued that epistemological position only determines how methods can be used: it does not preclude the use of particular methods. The possibilities for multi-method research are therefore considerable. Finally, some issues pertaining to multi-method research thathave not yet been resolved are raised for future debate.
Dysfunktionale Emotionsregulation als grundlegendes Merkmal von Jugendlichen mit Angst- und depressiven Störungen

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Depression und Angststörungen zählen zu den häufigsten Störungen im Jugendalter und treten oft komorbid auf. Ziel der Studie war es, Emotionsregulation als gemeinsamen sowie differenzierenden Einflussfaktor zu untersuchen. Methode: Gematchte Stichproben von depressiven und ängstlichen Jugendlichen und eine Kontrollstichprobe (12 – 16 Jahre; n = 60) wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Emotionsregulation miteinander verglichen. Varianzanalysen und t-Tests dienten der Untersuchung von Gruppenunterschieden bei der Emotionsregulation. Unterschiede in einzelnen Regulationsstrategien zwischen den beiden Störungsbildern wurden explorativ untersucht. Ergebnisse: Depressive und Ängstliche regulierten ihre Emotionen dysfunktionaler als gesunde Gleichaltrige. Weder für die Summe der dysfunktionalen Emotionsregulation noch für einzelne Strategien konnten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Störungsgruppen aufgedeckt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Identifikation und Modifikation von dysfunktionaler Emotionsregulation bei Jugendlichen mit Angst- und depressiven Störungen können zukünftige Prävention und Intervention wesentlich unterstützen.
Client attachment and coping resources

Relationships among perceptions of early parental bonding experiences, current adult attachment to significant others, and coping resources were examined in a sample of 100 adult clients seeking services through a university counselling clinic. Results of a canonical analysis indicated that secure adult attachment, higher parental care, and lower parental overprotection were significantly associated with higher coping resources. The significance of these findings for understanding the role of attachment in emotional self-regulation is discussed.
Overview of the CHEMDNER patents task

A considerable effort has been made to extract biological and chemical entities, as well as their relationships, from the scientific literature, either manually through traditional literature curation or by using information extraction and text mining technologies. Medicinal chemistry patents contain a wealth of information, for instance to uncover potential biomarkers that might play a role in cancer treatment and prognosis. However, current biomedical annotation databases do not cover such information, partly due to limitations of publicly available biomedical patent mining software. As part of the BioCreative V CHEMDNER patents track, we present the results of the first named entity recognition (NER) assignment carried out to detect mentions of chemical compounds and genes/proteins in running patent text. More specifically, this task aimed to evaluate the performance of automatic name recognition strategies capable of isolating chemical names and gene and gene product mentions from surrounding text within patent titles and abstracts. A total of 22 unique teams submitted results for at least one of the three CHEMDNER subtasks. The first subtask, called the CEMP (chemical entity mention in patents) task, focused on the detection of chemical named entity mentions in patents, requesting teams to return the start and end indices corresponding to all the chemical entities found in a given record. A total of 21 teams submitted 93 runs, for this subtask. The top performing team reached an f-measure of 0.89 with a precision of 0.87 and a recall of 0.91. The CPD (chemical passage detection) task required the classification of patent titles and abstracts whether they do or do not contain chemical compound mentions. Nine teams returned predictions for this task (40 runs). The top run in terms of Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) had a score of 0.88, the highest sensitivity ? Corresponding author
The nation's tortured body

In The Nation’s Tortured Body Brian Keith Axel explores the formation of the Sikh diaspora and, in so doing, offers a powerful inquiry into conditions of peoplehood, colonialism, and postcoloniality. Demonstrating a new direction for historical anthropology, he focuses on the position of violence between 1849 and 1998 in the emergence of a transnational fight for Khalistan (an independent Sikh state). Axel argues that, rather than the homeland creating the diaspora, it has been the diaspora, or histories of displacement, that have created particular kinds of places—homelands. Based on ethnographic and archival research conducted by Axel at several sites in India, England, and the United States, the text delineates a theoretical trajectory for thinking about the proliferation of diaspora studies and area studies in America and England. After discussing this trajectory in relation to the colonial and postcolonial movement of Sikhs, Axel analyzes the production and circulation of images of Sikhs around the world, beginning with visual representations of Maharaja Duleep Singh, the last Sikh ruler of Punjab, who died in 1893. He argues that imagery of particular male Sikh bodies has situated—at different times and in different ways—points of mediation between various populations of Sikhs around the world. Most crucially, he describes the torture of Sikhs by Indian police between 1983 and the present and discusses the images of tortured Sikh bodies that have been circulating on the Internet since 1996. Finally, he returns to questions of the homeland, reflecting on what the issues discussed in The Nation's Tortured Body might mean for the ongoing fight for Khalistan. Specialists in anthropology, history, cultural studies, diaspora studies, and Sikh studies will find much of interest in this important work.
A DNA Sequence Corresponding to the Gene Encoding Cysteine Proteinase 5 in Entamoeba histolytica Is Present and Positionally Conserved but Highly Degenerated inEntamoeba dispar

ABSTRACT Cysteine proteinases of Entamoeba histolytica are considered to be one of the most important classes of molecules responsible for the parasite's ability to destroy human tissues. Interestingly, one particular cysteine proteinase, located on the surface of E. histolytica trophozoites and designated cysteine proteinase 5 (CP5), is not expressed in the closely related but nonpathogenic species Entamoeba dispar. By comparing the E. histolytica and E. dispar genomic loci containing the gene for CP5 (cp5), it was found that the position of cp5 within the genomic context is conserved between the two organisms, but that the gene is highly degenerated inE. dispar, as it contains numerous nucleotide exchanges, insertions, and deletions, resulting in multiple stop codons within thecp5 reading frame. An alignment of all available orthologous E. histolytica and E. dispar DNA sequences suggested that cp5 started to degenerate inE. dispar coincidently when the two organisms began to diverge from a common ancestor.
Large Language Models as Financial Data Annotators: A Study on Effectiveness and Efficiency

Collecting labeled datasets in finance is challenging due to scarcity of domain experts and higher cost of employing them. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in data annotation tasks on general domain datasets, their effectiveness on domain specific datasets remains underexplored. To address this gap, we investigate the potential of LLMs as efficient data annotators for extracting relations in financial documents. We compare the annotations produced by three LLMs (GPT-4, PaLM 2, and MPT Instruct) against expert annotators and crowdworkers. We demonstrate that the current state-of-the-art LLMs can be sufficient alternatives to non-expert crowdworkers. We analyze models using various prompts and parameter settings and find that customizing the prompts for each relation group by providing specific examples belonging to those groups is paramount. Furthermore, we introduce a reliability index (LLM-RelIndex) used to identify outputs that may require expert attention. Finally, we perform an extensive time, cost and error analysis and provide recommendations for the collection and usage of automated annotations in domain-specific settings.
Theory Construction as Disciplined Reflexivity: Tradeoffs in the 90s

The article presents the author's commentary on papers published in the October 1999 issue of “Academy of Management Review. ” The author explains that throughout the 1990s, many of the articles published did not offer modifications and suggestions that would enhance the field of management research and organizational methodologies. Instead, the articles appeared to present safe suggestions, expanding on current theories that the author suggests were fashionable during these years. The author looks at the paradigms that are suggested and explored in each of the issue's articles.
Language and the Making of Place: A Narrative‐Descriptive Approach

Abstract How places are made is at the core of human geography. Overwhelmingly the discipline has emphasized the economic and material forces at work. Neglected is the explicit recognition of the crucial role of language, even though without speech humans cannot even begin to formulate ideas, discuss them, and translate them into action that culminates in a built place. Moreover, words alone, used in an appropriate situation, can have the power to render objects, formerly invisible because unattended, visible, and impart to them a certain character: thus a mere rise on a flat surface becomes something far more—a place that promises to open up to other places—when it is named “Mount Prospect. ’The different ways by which language contributes toward the making of place may be shown by exploring a wide range of situations and cultural contexts. Included in this paper are the contexts of hunter-gatherers, explorers and pioneers, intimate friendship, literary London, Europe in relation to Asia, and Chinese gard.
Stroke in a Biracial Population: The Excess Burden of Stroke Among Blacks

Background and Purpose— Excess mortality resulting from stroke is an important reason why blacks have higher age-adjusted mortality rates than whites. This observation has 2 possible explanations: Strokes occur more commonly among blacks or blacks have higher mortality rates after stroke. Our population-based epidemiological study is set in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region of 1.31 million people, which is representative of the US white and black populations with regard to many demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods— Hospitalized cases were ascertained by International Classification of Diseases (ninth revision) discharge codes, prospective screening of emergency department admission logs, and review of coroner’s cases. A sampling scheme was used to ascertain cases in the out-of-hospital setting. All potential cases underwent detailed chart abstraction by study nurses, followed by physician review. Race-specific incidence and case fatality rates were calculated. Results— We identified 3136 strokes during the study period (January 1, 1993, to June 30, 1994). Stroke incidence rates were higher for blacks at every age, with the greatest risk (2- to 5-fold) seen in young and middle-aged blacks (<65 years of age). Case fatality rates did not differ significantly in blacks compared with whites. Applying the resulting age- and race-specific rates to the US population in 2002, we estimate that 705 000 to 740 000 strokes have occurred in the United States, with a minimum of 616 000 cerebral infarctions, 67 000 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 22 000 subarachnoid hemorrhages. Conclusions— Excess stroke-related mortality in blacks is due to higher stroke incidence rates, particularly in the young and middle-aged. This excess burden of stroke incidence among blacks represents one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States.