Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macro Effects of Corporate Restructuring in Japan

This paper presents a framework for quantitatively evaluating the macroeconomic effects of corporate restructuring and applies that framework to Japan. Using firm-level financial statement data, this paper estimates total factor productivity of individual Japanese firms. Given the estimated distribution of productivity across firms, this paper simulates the effect of optimal restructuring, that is, reallocation of resources from less-productive firms to more-productive ones, on the dynamic path of aggregate output. In a benchmark case, aggregate output declines by 0.8 percent in the year of restructuring, but converges to a level 1.6 percent above its initial level in the medium term. The present value of net output gains from restructuring over 20 years amounts to 15 percent of the initial output under a 5 percent discount rate, suggesting that the benefits of restructuring may exceed the costs. With different assumptions, the present value of net output gains could range between 13 percent and 31 percent of the initial output.
Suicidality, Bipolar Disorders, and Pharmacotherapy

ABSTRACT Although the existence of mood disorders was identified centuries ago, the present state of knowledge is unsatisfactory. This special issue of Archives of Suicide Research (ASR), the official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, presents the state of the science and collects new empirical data. Different aspects of suicidality in bipolar and bipolar spectrum disorders are outlined and the prophylactic aspects of pharmacotherapy are noted, especially the anti-suicide effect of lithium. A call for further study is, however, necessary.
The relationship between poor handwriting and written composition in children with developmental coordination disorder

Handwriting difficulties are well documented in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Whether, and how, these difficulties affect the content of the work such children produce is less clear. The aim of this thesis was to explore the relationship between poor handwriting and the quality of written expression in these children, using different methodologies. Four studies are reported. In the first, a group of 10-11 year-old children whose teachers regarded their writing difficulties as "unexpected" were compared with matched controls. Objective measurement showed that they had at least average intelligence, could read and spell adequately and did not differ from the control group in their ability to produce stories orally. Consequently, the poor hand- and story writing revealed in the study could not be explained in terms of poor intellect or general language or literacy problems. However, all met criteria for the diagnosis of DCD. The second study confirmed that the physical act of handwriting supported the ability to compose a story in typically developing children but conferred no such advantage if handwriting and movement difficulties were present. When children from Study 1 were followed up after five years, those whose handwriting had not improved continued to have difficulty with written composition. Having shown that poor handwriting can affect the conceptual side of writing, the final study set out to determine which particular aspects of handwriting difficulty might constrain the cognitive resources available for composition. To this end, the effect of increasing motor and orthographic complexity on the spatial, temporal and force aspects of handwriting was explored in a series of writing tasks varying in content, length and difficulty. Consistent with the capacity theory tested, results showed that variations in motor and orthographic complexity affected writing performance in all children, but those with DCD and poor handwriting were affected more.
Preliminary evaluation of prostate‐targeted radiotherapy using 131I‐MIP‐1095 in combination with radiosensitising chemotherapeutic drugs

Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, survival rates are low and treatment options are limited to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. 131I‐MIP‐1095 is a recently developed prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeting, small molecular weight radiopharmaceutical which has anti‐tumour activity as a single agent. Our purpose was to determine in vitro the potential benefit to be gained by combining 131I‐MIP‐1095 with cytotoxic drug treatments.
Temperature Control of High-Performance Multi-core Platforms Using Convex Optimization

With technology advances, the number of cores integrated on a chip and their speed of operation is increasing. This, in turn is leading to a significant increase in chip temperature. Temperature gradients and hot-spots not only affect the performance of the system, but also lead to unreliable circuit operation and affect the life-time of the chip. Meeting the temperature constraints and reducing the hot-spots are critical for achieving reliable and efficient operation of complex multi-core systems. In this work, we present Pro-Temp, a convex optimization based method that pro-actively controls the temperature of the cores, while minimizing the power consumption and satisfying application performance constraints. The method guarantees that the temperature of the cores are below a user- defined threshold at all instances of operation, while also reducing the hot-spots. We perform experiments on several realistic multi-core benchmarks, which show that the proposed method guarantees that the cores never exceed the maximum temperature limit, while matching the application performance requirements. We compare this to traditional methods, where we find several temperature violations during the operation of the system.
An air filter intervention study of endothelial function among healthy adults in a woodsmoke-impacted community.

RATIONALE Particulate air pollution is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. One hypothesized mechanism involves oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVES To assess an intervention's impact on particle exposures and endothelial function among healthy adults in a woodsmoke-impacted community. We also investigated the underlying role of oxidative stress and inflammation in relation to exposure reductions. METHODS Portable air filters were used in a randomized crossover intervention study of 45 healthy adults exposed to consecutive 7-day periods of filtered and nonfiltered air. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Reactive hyperemia index was measured as an indicator of endothelial function via peripheral artery tonometry, and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and band cells) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2α)) were quantified. Air filters reduced indoor fine particle concentrations by 60%. Filtration was associated with a 9.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.9-18%) increase in reactive hyperemia index and a 32.6% (4.4-60.9%) decrease in C-reactive protein. Decreases in particulate matter and the woodsmoke tracer levoglucosan were associated with reduced band cell counts. There was limited evidence of more pronounced effects on endothelial function and level of systemic inflammation among males, overweight participants, younger participants, and residents of wood-burning homes. No associations were noted for oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSIONS Air filtration was associated with improved endothelial function and decreased concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers but not markers of oxidative stress. Our results support the hypothesis that systemic inflammation and impaired endothelial function, both predictors of cardiovascular morbidity, can be favorably influenced by reducing indoor particle concentrations.
Amortized Hypothesis Generation

Bayesian models of cognition posit that people compute probability distributions over hypotheses, possibly by constructing a sample-based approximation. Since people encounter many closely related distributions, a computationally efficient strategy is to selectively reuse computations – either the samples themselves or some summary statistic. We refer to these reuse strategies as amortized inference. In two experiments, we present evidence consistent with amortization. When sequentially answering two related queries about natural scenes, we show that answers to the second query vary systematically depending on the structure of the first query. Using a cognitive load manipulation, we find evidence that people cache summary statistics rather than raw sample sets. These results enrich our notions of how the brain approximates probabilistic inference.
Genome‐wide analysis of deoxyadenosine methyltransferase‐mediated control of gene expression in Escherichia coli

Deoxyadenosine methyltransferase (Dam) methylates the deoxyadenine residues in 5′‐GATC‐3′ sequences and is important in many cellular processes in Escherichia coli. We performed a computational analysis of the entire E. coli genome and confirmed that GATC sequences are distributed unevenly in regulatory regions, which suggests that Dam might regulate gene transcription. To test this, a high‐density DNA microarray of 4097 E. coli genes was constructed and used to assess the gene expression profiles of the wild type and the dam‐16::kam mutant strain grown under four different conditions. We also used two‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the proteome to assess the protein profiles. The expression of a large number of genes was affected by the dam deficiency. Genes involved in aerobic respiration, stress and SOS responses, amino acid meta‐bolism and nucleotide metabolism were expressed at higher levels in the mutant cells, especially in aerobic conditions. In contrast, transcription of genes partici‐pating in anaerobic respiration, flagella biosynthesis, chemotaxis and motility was decreased in the dam mutant strain under both aerobic and low aerobic conditions. Thus, Dam‐controlled genes are involved in adjusting the metabolic and respiratory pathways and bacterial motility to suit particular environmental conditions. The promoters of most of these Dam‐controlled genes were also found to contain GATC sequences that overlap with recognition sites for two global regulators, fumarate nitrate reduction (Fnr) and catabolite activator protein (CRP). We propose that Dam‐mediated methylation plays an important role in the global regulation of genes, particularly those with Fnr and CRP binding sites.
Investigation of a hepatitis A outbreak in children in an urban slum in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, using geographic information systems.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE An outbreak of symptomatic viral hepatitis in children less than 10 yr of age in Vellore, south India, was investigated and the disease pattern studied using serological and epidemiological methods, supplemented by geographic information systems (GIS) mapping. METHODS Three cases of hepatitis A were identified during routine surveillance in a birth cohort House-to-house visits were undertaken to identify other symptomatic cases and samples collected for anti- HAV IgM, ELISA testing. All cases and controls were mapped and geo-referenced using Arc View GIS 3.3. Spatial clustering was investigated using SaTScan 7.0. 1 software. Drinking water sources were tested for coliform counts with the most probable number technique. RESULTS Of the 965 children surveyed, 26 (2.78%) had jaundice between February to July 2006. From the 26 patients, 11 (42.3%) blood samples were obtained and tested for anti-HAV IgM; 10 (90.9%) were found to be positive. Water analysis showed high coliform counts in all samples. No spatial clustering of cases could be detected. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The outbreak was identified because of the symptomatic presentation of the cases. Our study highlighted the increasing detection of symptomatic children with hepatitis A virus infection. Water sources in the area were contaminated and may have served as the source of infection. The lack of clustering in GIS analysis could be due to the common water source.
A phase 1 study of obinutuzumab induction followed by 2 years of maintenance in patients with relapsed CD20-positive B-cell malignancies.

This phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of obinutuzumab (GA101), a glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody administered as induction followed by 2 years of maintenance. Cohorts of 3 to 6 patients received obinutuzumab (200-2000 mg) intravenously weekly for 4 weeks. Patients with a complete or partial response (or stable disease and clinical benefit) continued to receive obinutuzumab every 3 months, for a maximum of 8 doses. Twenty-two patients with relapsed CD20-positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia with an indication for treatment and no therapy of higher priority were enrolled. Patients received a median of 4 prior regimens; 86% had received at least 1 rituximab-containing regimen. No dose-limiting or unexpected AEs were observed. Infusion-related reactions were most common (all grades, 73%; grade 3/4, 18%), followed by infection (32%), pyrexia (23%), neutropenia (23%), headache (18%), and nausea (18%). At end of induction, 5 (23%) patients achieved partial responses and 12 (54%) had stable disease. Eight patients received maintenance; best overall response was 32% (6 partial responses/1 complete response). Obinutuzumab induction and maintenance therapy was well tolerated with promising efficacy in this heterogeneous, highly pretreated population and warrants further investigation. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov (identifier NCT00576758).
LoCuSS: A COMPARISON OF SUNYAEV–ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT AND GRAVITATIONAL-LENSING MEASUREMENTS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS

We present the first measurement of the relationship between the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) signal and the mass of galaxy clusters that uses gravitational lensing to measure cluster mass, based on 14 X-ray luminous clusters at z ≃ 0.2 from the Local Cluster Substructure Survey. We measure the integrated Compton y-parameter, Y, and total projected mass of the clusters (MGL) within a projected clustercentric radius of 350 kpc, corresponding to mean overdensities of 4000–8000 relative to the critical density. We find self-similar scaling between MGL and Y, with a scatter in mass at fixed Y of 32%. This scatter exceeds that predicted from numerical cluster simulations, however, it is smaller than comparable measurements of the scatter in mass at fixed TX. We also find no evidence of segregation in Y between disturbed and undisturbed clusters, as had been seen with TX on the same physical scales. We compare our scaling relation to the Bonamente et al. relation based on mass measurements that assume hydrostatic equilibrium, finding no evidence for a hydrostatic mass bias in cluster cores (MGL = 0.98 ± 0.13 MHSE), consistent with both predictions from numerical simulations and lensing/X-ray-based measurements of mass–observable scaling relations at larger radii. Overall our results suggest that the SZE may be less sensitive than X-ray observations to the details of cluster physics in cluster cores.
Parametric Amplification of Spin Waves Using Acoustic Waves

Spin waves are a promising prospect for the development of microwave information processing devices. A major obstacle in the study of spin waves is the large intrinsic spin-wave damping in most known magnetic materials. Viable spin-wave amplification techniques are thus required to make further progress in the development of spin-wave-based logic devices. In this paper, we investigate a novel technique of parametric modulation of spin waves using bulk acoustic waves. Although it is not a conclusive proof of parametric amplification, we show that bulk acoustic waves at twice the frequency of the propagating spin waves on coupling into an yttrium iron garnet film can modulate the amplitude of the spin wave. This paper provides insight into magnon-phonon interactions, and suggests a new mechanism to compensate for inherent losses in spin-wave propagation in spin-wave-based logic devices.
Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Injectable Bone Regeneration With Tissue Engineering

The purpose of this study was to investigate a capability of PuraMatrix (PM), which is a self-assembling peptide nanomaterial, as a scaffold for bone regeneration in combination with dog mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) and/or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using tissue engineering and regenerative technology. Initially, teeth were extracted from an adult hybrid dog's mandible region. After 4 weeks, bone defects were prepared on both sides of the mandible with a trephine bar. The following graft materials were implanted into these defects: (1) control (defect only), (2) PM, (3) PM/PRP, (4) PM/dMSCs, and (5) PM/dMSCs/PRP. From scanning electron microscope images, PM had a three-dimensional nanostructure, and dMSCs attached on the surface of PM. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation, each sample was collected from the graft area with a trephine bar and assessed by histologic and histomorphometric analyses. It was observed that the bone regenerated by PM/dMSCs/PRP was of excellent quality, and mature bone had been formed. Histometrically, at 8 weeks, newly formed bone areas comprised 12.39 ± 1.29% (control), 25.28 ± 3.92% (PM), 27.72 ± 3.15% (PM/PRP), 50.07 ± 3.97% (PM/dMSCs), and 58.43 ± 5.06% (PM/dMSCs/PRP). The PM/dMSCs and PM/dMSCs/PRP groups showed a significant increase at all weeks compared with the control, PM, or PM/PRP (P < 0.05 at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, analysis of variance). These results showed that MSCs might keep their own potential and promote new bone regeneration in the three-dimensional structure by PM scaffolds. Taken together, it is suggested that PM might be useful as a scaffold of bone regeneration in cell therapy, and these results might lead to an effective treatment method for bone defects.
Impact of the new HNO 3 -forming channel of the HO 2 +NO reaction on tropospheric HNO 3 , NO x , HO x and ozone

We have studied the impact of the recently observed reaction NO+HO2→HNO3 on atmospheric chemistry. A pressure and temperature-dependent parameterisation of this minor channel of the NO+HO2→NO2+OH reaction has been included in both a 2-D stratosphere-troposphere model and a 3-D tropospheric chemical transport model (CTM). Significant effects on the nitrogen species and hydroxyl radical concentrations are found throughout the troposphere, with the largest percentage changes occurring in the tropical upper troposphere (UT). Including the reaction leads to a reduction in NOx everywhere in the troposphere, with the largest decrease of 25% in the tropical and Southern Hemisphere UT. The tropical UT also has a corresponding large increase in HNO3 of 25%. OH decreases throughout the troposphere with the largest reduction of over 20% in the tropical UT. The mean global decrease in OH is around 13%, which is very large compared to the impact that typical photochemical revisions have on this modelled quantity. This OH decrease leads to an increase in CH4 lifetime of 5%. Due to the impact of decreased NOx on the OH:HO2 partitioning, modelled HO2 actually increases in the tropical UT on including the new reaction. The impact on tropospheric ozone is a decrease in the range 5 to 12%, with the largest impact in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. Comparison with observations shows that in the region of largest changes, i.e. the tropical UT, the inclusion of the new reaction tends to degrade the model agreement. Elsewhere the model comparisons are not able to critically assess the impact of including this reaction. Only small changes are calculated in the minor species distributions in the stratosphere.
A replicated comparison of cross-company and within-company effort estimation models using the ISBSG database

Four years ago was the last time the ISBSG database was used to compare the effort prediction accuracy between cross-company and within-company cost models. Since then more than 2,000 projects have been volunteered to this database, which may have changed the trends previously observed. This paper therefore replicates a previous study by investigating how successful a cross-company cost model is: i) to estimate effort for projects that belong to a single company and were not used to build the cross-company model; ii) compared to a within-company cost model. Our within-company data set had data on 184 software projects from a single company and our cross-company data set employed data on 672 software projects. Our results did not corroborate those from the previous study, showing that predictions based on the within-company model were not significantly more accurate than those based on the cross-company model. We analysed the data using forward stepwise regression
Perception and action weighting in memory representations

xvi Executive Summary xvii Chapter 1. Literature Review 2 1.1 Grounded cognition and the perception-action link 3 1.1.1 The ideo-motor theory 6 1.1.2 The common coding principle 7 1.1.3 The Theory of Event Coding 9 1.2 Action Influencing Perception: Intentional Weighting 13 1.2. 1 The influence of a potential for action on attention 13 1.2. 1.1 The influence of proximal hands on attention 16 1.2. 2 The influence of action preparation on attention 18 1.2. 3 The influence of action execution on attention 21 1.3 Perception Influencing Action: Attentional Weighting 23 1.3. 1 Boundary conditions necessary for affordance effects 26 1.3. 1.1 Attention 26 1.3. 1.2 Realism of response 29 1.3. 1.3 Implied realism of setting 30 1.3. 2 Boundary conditions for the Simon effect 31 1.4 Representations of the Visual World 32 1.4. 1 Theories of visual representation 32 1.4. 2 Memory for action 35 1.5 Action Influencing Memory Representations 38 1.5. 1 Influence of the potential for action on memory representations 38
Overexpression of the Leishmania amazonensis Ca2+‐ATPase
 gene lmaa1 enhances virulence

A gene for a Ca2+‐transporting ATPase (lmaa1) from the trypanosomatid parasite Leishmania (mexicana) amazonensis was overexpressed in two clones of L. amazonensis differing in their virulence. RNA and protein expression of the gene was increased in transfectants, as was the infectivity of transfectants versus parental types in both mouse and in vitro macrophage infection experiments. The virulence of the almost avirulent clone was enhanced such that it was more virulent than the parental ‘virulent’ clone. Growth of the parasites in culture as promastigotes, after isolation from mouse lesions, indicated that transfection led to improved survival of promastigotes during the stationary phase of culture. As it is in this culture phase that infective metacyclic forms develop, the key role of the Lmaa1 protein may be in metacyclogenesis. The protein may be important in the synthesis and trafficking of new proteins through the secretory pathway, as we demonstrate, using a green fluorescent protein hybrid and by immunofluorescence, that the Lmaa1 protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum in promastigotes and amastigotes of L. amazonensis.