Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Social Network Sites Enhance or Undermine Subjective Well‐Being? A Critical Review

Social network sites are ubiquitous and now constitute a common tool people use to interact with one another in daily life. Here we review the consequences of interacting with social network sites for subjective well-being—that is, how people feel moment-to-moment and how satisfied they are with their lives. We begin by clarifying the constructs that we focus on in this review: social network sites and subjective well-being. Next, we review the literature that explains how these constructs are related. This research reveals: (a) negative relationships between passively using social network sites and subjective well-being, and (b) positive relationships between actively using social network sites and subjective well-being, with the former relationship being more robust than the latter. Specifically, passively using social network sites provokes social comparisons and envy, which have negative downstream consequences for subjective well-being. In contrast, when active usage of social network sites predicts subjective well-being, it seems to do so by creating social capital and stimulating feelings of social connectedness. We conclude by discussing the policy implications of this work.
See-saw rocking: an in vitro model for mechanotransduction research

In vitro mechanotransduction studies, uncovering the basic science of the response of cells to mechanical forces, are essential for progress in tissue engineering and its clinical application. Many varying investigations have described a multitude of cell responses; however, as the precise nature and magnitude of the stresses applied are infrequently reported and rarely validated, the experiments are often not comparable, limiting research progress. This paper provides physical and biological validation of a widely available fluid stimulation device, a see-saw rocker, as an in vitro model for cyclic fluid shear stress mechanotransduction. This allows linkage between precisely characterized stimuli and cell monolayer response in a convenient six-well plate format. Models of one well were discretized and analysed extensively using computational fluid dynamics to generate convergent, stable and consistent predictions of the cyclic fluid velocity vectors at a rocking frequency of 0.5 Hz, accounting for the free surface. Validation was provided by comparison with flow velocities measured experimentally using particle image velocimetry. Qualitative flow behaviour was matched and quantitative analysis showed agreement at representative locations and time points. Maximum shear stress of 0.22 Pa was estimated near the well edge, and time-average shear stress ranged between 0.029 and 0.068 Pa. Human tenocytes stimulated using the system showed significant increases in collagen and GAG secretion at 2 and 7 day time points. This in vitro model for mechanotransduction provides a versatile, flexible and inexpensive method for the fluid shear stress impact on biological cells to be studied.
Serotonin1B Receptor Stimulation Enhances Cocaine Reinforcement

The effects of serotonin1B[5-hydroxytryptamine1B (5-HT1B)] receptor activation on cocaine reinforcement were investigated using intravenous cocaine self-administration by rats. The 5-HT1Breceptor agonists 5-methoxy-3-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl-1H-indole (RU 24969) (0.3–3 mg/kg), 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridyl)-5-propoxypyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (CP 94,253) (0.3–3 mg/kg), and 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (CP 93,129) (3 and 10 μg, i.c.v.) each dose-dependently reduced the self-administration of a cocaine dose on the descending limb of the fixed-ratio 5 (FR-5) cocaine dose–effect function, in a manner similar to the effect produced by increasing the unit dose of cocaine. In addition, each of these 5-HT1B agonists lowered the threshold dose of cocaine that supported self-administration. These results are consistent with a 5-HT1B agonist-induced potentiation of cocaine reinforcement. On a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, RU 24969 and CP 94,253 dose-dependently (0.3–3 mg/kg) increased the highest completed ratio for cocaine self-administration, again by producing behavioral alterations similar to those induced by increasing the unit dose of cocaine. The effect of CP 94,253 was dose-dependently blocked by the 5-HT1B/1D receptor partial agonist 2′-methyl-4′-(5-methyl[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid[4-methodoxy-3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-amide (GR 127,935) (0.3–10 mg/kg) but was unaffected by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist 4-iodo-N-[2-[4-(methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinyl- benzamide (p-MPPI; 1–10 mg/kg). Self-administration behavior was not maintained when either RU 24969 or CP 94,253 was substituted for cocaine, indicating that these 5-HT1B agonists do not produce significant reinforcing effects alone. Together, these findings indicate that 5-HT1B receptor stimulation facilitates the reinforcing properties of cocaine. These results are in opposition to recent findings with 5-HT1B receptor knock-out mice and may have important ontogenic implications in the area of drug abuse research.
Contextualizing employability: Do boundaries of self-directedness vary in different labor market groups?

Purpose Individual employability has become a crucial element in ensuring labor security in flexibilizing labor markets. The importance of agency-side factors as antecedents of employability has been emphasized in the relevant literature, spurring the criticism that some worker groups may be more restricted than others by contextual factors in respect to their employment prospects. The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically how labor market groups differ in what shapes their employability. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a representative sample of 1,055 employees to detect differences in the impact of career self-directedness (agency-side) and several contextual factors (structure-side) on employability, comparing workers with and without higher education and workers in and outside managerial positions. Confirmatory factor analysis with subsequent tests of invariance was used. Findings Results confirm that employability is affected both by contextual factors and by self-directedness. No significant differences were observed between the compared groups in the extent to which self-directedness and the contextual factors influence employability. An important finding is that self-directedness itself is affected by preceding career history (career mobility and previous unemployment), which may suggest a vicious-circle relationship between past and future career precariousness. Practical/implications The findings support the view prevailing in policy circles that fostering agency-side factors such as self-directedness is instrumental toward achieving higher employment security. At the same time, individual agency cannot replace traditional policy measures in tackling structural labor market inequalities. Originality/value This study uses robust methodology and a representative respondent sample to statistically disentangle the effects of agency and context on employability. Its key contribution pertains to the explicit comparison of different worker groups, with separate contrasts on each model parameter.
Design and analysis of a new sub-threshold DTMOS SRAM cell structure

In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic threshold (DTMOS) based fully differential ten-transistor (10T) SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) cell suitable for sub-threshold operation. The structure has two inverters in addition to the conventional 6T standard cell. It provides better read current, increased read and hold static noise margins (SNM) and improved write time compared to a recently proposed sub-threshold SRAM cell. The stability of sub-threshold DTMOS SRAM to process variations is also investigated. The robust dynamic threshold based memory cell exhibits built-in process variation tolerance that gives tight SNM distribution across the process corners.
A Life-Span Approach to Children-In-Law’s Perceptions of Parent-In-Law Communication

ABSTRACT Relationships between children-in-law (CIL) and parents-in-law (PIL) can be enduring sources of delight or distress that influence the quality of spousal relationships and grandparent-grandchild ties. Little research, however, examines CIL perceptions of in-law relationships (ILRs) beyond the newlywed years. Drawing on the life course perspective and socioemotional selectivity theory, we hypothesized that marital duration would predict how frequently CIL encountered positive and negative PIL behaviors, and account for the degree to which these behaviors were appraised favorably or as problematic. A total of 179 individuals rated how often a target PIL provided informational support, instrumental support, emotional support, and companionship, and how frequently the target PIL was intrusive, rejecting, insensitive, and failed to help. The frequency with which both positive and negative in-law behaviors were experienced was predicted by marital duration (but not CIL age or PIL age), although quadratic and cubic marital duration terms were better predictors than the linear term.
Factor-Based Asset Allocation vs. Asset-Class-Based Asset Allocation

This article addresses the issue of the alleged superiority of risk-factor-based asset allocations over the more traditional asset-class-based asset allocation. The authors used both an idealized model, capable of precise mathematical treatment, and optimizations based on different periods of historical data to show that neither approach is inherently superior to the other. Although the authors appreciate the role of risk models in portfolio management, they urge caution with respect to unwarranted claims of their dominance. The article addresses the issue of the alleged relative superiority of risk-factor-based asset allocations versus the more traditional, asset-class-based asset allocations. The topic has been the subject of several recent articles that implicitly or explicitly claim such superiority. After a brief synopsis of the history of risk factors as such, the authors examine the logic of these claims and find it generally defective: In most cases, the alleged superiority is simply a result of mis-specified “apples to oranges” comparisons, where a robustly diversified set of risk factors is held up as a winner against a very basic asset allocation model that consists of just stocks and bonds. The authors then introduce a model in which there is a one-to-one mapping between asset classes and risk factors and show that in such an idealized setting, one can mathematically prove that neither approach is superior; the same mean–variance-optimal portfolio is returned by both approaches. (This finding is not new—it goes by the name “rotational indeterminacy of the factors”—but it seems that theoretically minded investors or researchers may have lost sight of it.) Finally, the authors use real-world historical data from different time periods to perform optimizations. It turns out that which approach would have yielded a dominant portfolio depends on the time period and the risk level selected. The authors, who appreciate the role of risk-factor models in portfolio management—asset classes are, after all, an example of risk factors themselves—conclude by urging caution against hasty, uncritical acceptance of these new claims of inherent superiority. The real advantage in portfolio management results from an ability to better model risk and reward assumptions, whether of asset classes or risk factors, rather than from simply rearranging the format of the inputs.
Combining MIC feature selection and feature-based MSPCA for network traffic anomaly detection

In this paper, we propose a network anomaly detection system which consists of a Maximal Information Coefficient based feature selection algorithm and a feature-based MSPCA detection algorithm, which can separate the anomalous information more efficiently. Maximal Information Coefficient can provide a good information measurement of any dependency between two random variables. MSPCA combines the benefit of PCA and wavelet analysis to reduce the effect of normal subspace contamination, which is the main challenge of PCA-based anomaly detection algorithm. We utilize multiple network flow features to describe the network traffic instead of using only volumes. To evaluate our proposed system, we test it on the DARPA 1999 dataset. The results indicate a large improvement when using our method compared to PCA-based anomaly detection algorithms.
Using a scheduling domain ontology to compute user-oriented explanations

One broad source of difficulty in transitioning automated planning and scheduling theories and algorithms into practical application systems is the need to integrate with user decision-making processes. Both user acceptance of system decisions in successful problem solving episodes and effective user involvement in circumstances where the system reaches a problem solving impasse require that the system be comprehensible, and this requirement, in turn, implies that the system be capable of explaining its decisions in user-understandable terms. Unfortunately, most current work in explanation instead forces users to understand the system’s underlying search models. In this paper, we consider this problem of bridging the gap between user and system models in the context of a constraint-based scheduling system. Previous work has proposed the use of a scheduling domain ontology as a basis for translating user problem specifications into internal system models. Here we propose the complementary use of a domain ontology as a means of computing user-oriented explanations of system decisions. We focus specifically on the problem of explaining temporal constraint conflicts that may arise in the course of either solving a given scheduling problem or integrating new state information with a previously computed schedule. The central idea is to use domain ontology knowledge (1) to isolate those constraints that are meaningful to and can be manipulated by the user, and (2) to identify various constraint relaxation options that the user might consider to resolve the conflict at hand. Using theCOMIREM planner/scheduler [10] as a reference model, we show examples of how this approach can generate effective user-level explanations of constraint conflicts from low-level descriptions of detected cycles in a temporal constraint graph. Along the way, we discuss the broader implications from the standpoint of mixedinitiative scheduling system design.
Real Interference Alignment

In this paper, we show that the total Degrees-Of-Freedoms (DOF) of the $K$-user Gaussian Interference Channel (GIC) can be achieved by incorporating a new alignment technique known as \emph{real interference alignment}. This technique compared to its ancestor \emph{vector interference alignment} performs on a single real line and exploits the properties of real numbers to provide optimal signaling. The real interference alignment relies on a new coding scheme in which several data streams having fractional multiplexing gains are sent by transmitters and interfering streams are aligned at receivers. The coding scheme is backed up by a recent result in the field of Diophantine approximation, which states that the convergence part of the Khintchine-Groshev theorem holds for points on non-degenerate manifolds.
Techniques of legitimation: The narrative construction of legitimacy among immigration detention officers

In many countries, immigrating detention is a controversial issue. Immigration detention centres are frequently seen as concrete symbols of the most problematic side of state immigration control. Immigration detention is often seen as illegitimate by external (immigration law activists) and internal (detainees) critics. Detention centres, in short, frequently operate with a significant legitimacy deficit. This deficit creates problems for detention centre officers who want to feel good about themselves and the work they do. The professional role of the immigration detention officer can be personally challenging and emotionally demanding. Detention centre officers need to address the legitimacy deficit and somehow reconstruct themselves and the institution they work in as legitimate. This paper describes the narrative self-legitimation work that goes on when detention centre officers at the Police Aliens Holding Centre at Trandum, Norway share stories over lunch or a cup of coffee.
Factorial HMM and Parallel HMM for Gait Recognition

Information fusion offers a promising solution to the development of a high-performance classification system. In this paper, the problem of multiple gait features fusion is explored with the framework of the factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM). The FHMM has a multiple-layer structure and provides an alternative to combine several gait features without concatenating them into a single augmented feature. Besides, the feature concatenation is used to directly concatenate the features and the parallel HMM (PHMM) is introduced as a decision-level fusion scheme, which employs traditional fusion rules to combine the recognition results at decision level. To evaluate the recognition performances, McNemar's test is employed to compare the FHMM feature-level fusion scheme with the feature concatenation and the PHMM decision-level fusion scheme. Statistical numerical experiments are carried out on the Carnegie Mellon University motion of body and the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences gait databases. The experimental results demonstrate that the FHMM feature-level fusion scheme and the PHMM decision-level fusion scheme outperform feature concatenation. The FHMM feature-level fusion scheme tends to perform better than the PHMM decision-level fusion scheme when only a few gait cycles are available for recognition.
Voltage-clock-scaling adaptive scheduling techniques for low power in hard real-time systems

Many embedded systems operate under severe power and energy constraints. Voltage clock scaling is one mechanism by which energy consumption may be reduced; it is based on the fact that power consumption is a quadratic function of the voltage, while the speed is a linear function. The authors show how voltage scaling can be scheduled to reduce energy usage while still meeting real time deadlines.
Relationships between Quality and Attributes of Spot Welds A spot weld's strength can be determined by the geometric characteristics and mechanical properties of the weldment

A resistance spot weld's strength is determined by the physical at- tributes of the weldment. However, it is extremely difficult to establish a universal relationship with experiments between the measurable attributes of a weld and the weld's quality. The large number of variables and experimental uncertainty in- hibit establishing such a relation. A com- puter simulation experiment was con- ducted in this study, using the concept of design of experiments, to overcome the shortcomings of traditional experimental investigations. Quantitative relationships were established to link a weld's geomet- ric and mechanical attributes to its strength under tensile-shear loading.
Dieudonné crystals and Wach modules for p ‐divisible groups

Let k be a perfect field of characteristic p>2 and K an extension of F=FracW(k) contained in some F(μpr) . Using crystalline Dieudonné theory, we provide a classification of p ‐divisible groups over R=OK[[t1,…,td]] in terms of finite height (φ,Γ) ‐modules over S:=W(k)[[u,t1,…,td]] . When d=0 , such a classification is a consequence of (a special case of) the theory of Kisin–Ren; in this setting, our construction gives an independent proof of this result, and moreover allows us to recover the Dieudonné crystal of a p ‐divisible group from the Wach module associated to its Tate module by Berger–Breuil or by Kisin–Ren.
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in Superior Colliculus by Changes in Target Probability

Complex visual scenes require that a target for an impending saccadic eye movement be selected from a larger number of possible targets. We investigated whether changing the probability that a visual stimulus would be selected as the target for a saccade altered activity of monkey superior colliculus (SC) neurons in two experiments. First, we changed the number of possible targets on each trial. Second, we kept the visual display constant and presented a single saccade target repeatedly so that target probability was established over time. Buildup neurons in the SC, those with delay period activity, showed a consistent reduction in activity as the probability of the saccade decreased, independent of the visual stimulus configuration. Other SC neurons, fixation and burst, were largely unaffected by the changes in saccade target probability. Because we had monkeys making saccades to many locations within the visual field, we could examine activity associated with saccades outside of the movement field of neurons. We found the activity of buildup neurons to be similar across the SC, before the target was identified, and reduced when the number of possible targets increased. The results of our experiments are consistent with a role for this activity in establishing a motor set. We found, consistent with this interpretation, that the activity of these neurons was predictive of the latency of a saccadic eye movement and not other saccade parameters such as end point or peak velocity.
A Prototype Hand Geometry-based Verication System

Geometric measurements of the human hand have been used for identity authentication in a number of commercial systems. Yet, there is not much open public literature addressing research issues underlying hand geometry-based identity authentication. This work is our attempt to draw attention to this important biometric by designing a prototype hand geometrybased identity authentication system. We also present our preliminary veric ation results based on hand measurements of 50 individuals captured over a period of time. The results are encouraging and we plan to address issues to improve the system performance.
Understanding Physical Education Doctoral Students’ Perspectives of Socialization

Purpose:Despite an abundance of research on doctoral student socialization in higher education, little attention has been paid to physical education doctoral students. This study sought to understand physical education doctoral students’ perceptions of their socialization as preparation for faculty roles. Methods:Participants included 32 physical education doctoral students (16 female, 16 male) from US institutions of higher education. Data were collected in three phases using focus group interviews, an open-ended survey, and individual interviews. Results:Three first-order themes described: (a) indirect, but common pathways to pursuing a doctoral degree, (b) relationships are essential to the doctoral program experience, and (c) becoming a faculty member is a complex and ongoing process. Conclusion:Relationships, particularly with faculty members, are integral to doctoral education. Training for the role of doctoral advisor could be beneficial, as could connecting cohort members and promoting opportuniti.