Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choice of Electrocardiography Lead Does Not Affect the Usefulness of the T-Wave Criterion for Detecting Intravascular Injection of an Epinephrine Test Dose in Anesthetized Children

Accidental intravascular injection of an epinephrine-containing test dose increases T-wave amplitude of lead II electrocardiogram (EKG) in anesthetized children. We designed this study to test whether the choice of EKG lead would affect the usefulness of simulated intravascular test dose. We studied 32 ASA physical status I infants and children (aged 6–49 mo) undergoing elective surgeries during 1.0 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration sevoflurane and 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. When hemodynamic stability was obtained, all subjects received IV saline 0.1 mL/kg, followed 4 min later by an IV test dose (0.1 mL/kg) consisting of 1% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (epinephrine 0.5 &mgr;g/kg) via a peripheral vein to simulate the intravascular injection of the test dose. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded every 20 and 60 s, respectively, and leads II (n = 32), V5 (n = 32) and either lead I (n = 15) or III (n = 17), choosing the one with greater preinjection T-wave amplitude, were continuously recorded for 4 min after the saline and the test dose injections. An IV test dose produced significant increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and T-wave amplitude of all EKG leads studied in all subjects, whereas IV saline elicited no changes in these variables. Maximal increases in T-wave amplitude of leads II, I, III, and V5 were 158% ± 69%, 175% ± 78%, 147% ± 89%, and 170% ± 72%, respectively (mean ± sd, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in temporal changes in T-wave amplitude among the 4 leads, and sensitivity and specificity were 100% on the basis of the T-wave criterion irrespective of the lead examined. Our results indicate that leads II, I, III, and V5 of EKG are equally effective for detecting intravascular injection of the epinephrine-containing test dose in sevoflurane-anesthetized children.
Role of cytokines and growth factors in promoting the local recurrence of breast cancer

Sir I enjoyed the paper by the SCOTIA Study Group (Br J Surg 1995; 82: 1622-7). Since intraoperative colonic cleansing was introduced, left segmental colonic resection and primary colocolic anastomosis has become much less of a technical problem, but pathological conditions of the colonic wall, such as ischaemia, oedema, inflammation and ulceration, can still limit the performance of single-stage operations. Local mucosal changes may be accompanied by impaired healing of the primary anastomosis and the local mucosal condition of the colon should be evaluated at operation. The commonest finding is nonocclusive ischaemia' caused by raised intraluminal pressure in the obstructed colon or by circulatory shock. The first layer affected by hypoxia is the metabolically active mucosa. The initial histopathological change is subepithelial gaps. Next, the epithelium is sloughed and shed down to the base of the crypts2. Third, oedema develops and a membrane of necrotic epithelium covered by fibrin and infiltrated by inflammatory cells and bacteria appears. At this point the changes become macroscopically visible. Disintegration of the lamina propria is accompanied by severe oedema, ulceration and bleeding. If the muscularis and serosa are involved, gangrene and perforation may result. Retrospective evaluation of 22 consecutive patients with leftsided colonic obstruction (personal data) has indicated that the primary anastomosis healed without problems in the absence of any macroscopic mucosal changes. However, in five patients anastomotic failure was associated with changes resembling those of radiation colitis, mucosal ulcers, inflammation involving the serosa and colonic perforation with severe peritonitis. The presence of macroscopically visible changes correlated well with the patient's circulatory condition (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 111 and IV), the inflammatory parameters detected before operation, and with weight of colonic content over 3 kg (evacuated before the peroperative irrigation was started). Based on these retrospective findings, a singlestage procedure was performed in six subsequent patients in whom no macroscopic mucosal changes could be detected; all healed without leakage. As an alternative, a Hartmann's procedure was undertaken because of mucosal ulcers in one patient and tumour infiltration of the urinary bladder in another. Subtotal colectomy was performed due to mesocolic panniculitis in a third patient3. Macroscopic mucosal changes might, therefore, be the limiting factor for primary left-sided colonic anastomosis in patients with acute obstruction but this conclusion remains to be tested in a randomized study.
Thyroid dysfunction in preterm neonates exposed to iodine

Abstract Background: Infants <32 weeks’ gestation should not be exposed to topical iodine and its avoidance is recommended during pregnancy and breast feeding. Exposure to contrast media and topical iodine is frequently used in many preterm neonates. Aim: To determine whether thyrotropin levels in preterm infants are affected by exposure to intrapartum/neonatal topical iodine and/or the use of iodinated contrast media. Design: Infants <32 weeks’ gestation were recruited. Maternal and neonatal exposures to iodinated contrast media and topical iodine were recorded; levels of thyrotropin and thyroxine were measured from blood-spot cards on postnatal days 7, 14, 28 and the equivalent of 36 weeks’ gestation. Results: One hundred and twenty-five infants were exposed to topical iodine/contrast media and 48 infants were unexposed. No infants were treated for hypothyroidism; three infants (exposed group) had transient hyperthyrotropinaemia. Mean thyrotropin levels were significantly higher on postnatal days 7, 14 and 28 in infants exposed to topical iodine prior to caesarean section compared to unexposed infants, a relationship which persisted after adjustment. Conclusions: In the context of this study, neonatal thyroid dysfunction was seen following exposure to iodine via caesarean section but not via exposure to contrast media.
Failure of laser Doppler signal to correlate with total flow in muscle: is this a question of vessel architecture?

The signal strength from LDF probes positioned in perfused muscle can be altered by vasoconstrictors despite total flow being maintained constant. Apart from redistribution of flow via collateral channels outside the region of measurement, the change in LDF signal may arise because the vasoconstrictors have switched flow to vessels of different architecture or altered the architecture of the blood vessels being perfused. Thus we have examined the effect of tube architecture on LDF signal using polymer tubes of 250, 100, and 50 microm internal diameter. At 3% hematocrit the LDF signal was linear for each of the three tube sizes from 10 to 80 microl/h. The signal strength was greatest from the smallest tube and least from the largest tube. For a single tube (100 microm) that doubled back on itself twice to cross the field of measurement three times, the LDF signal at any flow (10-80 microl/h, hematocrit 3%) was approx threefold greater than that for the same tube crossing the field of measurement once. The effect of progressively switching flow (constant at 120 microl/h, hematocrit 9%) from five to one tube in a manifold of five tubes (100 microm) gave rise to a progressive increase in signal. It is concluded that LDF signal derives predominantly from nonvectorial cell speed and less from cell number. Thus any agent that alters the architecture has the potential to alter the LDF signal.
Regional mapping of myocardial hibernation phenotype in idiopathic end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy

Myocardial hibernation (MH) is a well‐known feature of human ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), whereas its presence in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is still controversial. We investigated the histological and molecular features of MH in left ventricle (LV) regions of failing DCM or ICM hearts. We examined failing hearts from DCM (n = 11; 41.9 ± 5.45 years; left ventricle‐ejection fraction (LV‐EF), 18 ± 3.16%) and ICM patients (n = 12; 58.08 ± 1.7 years; LVEF, 21.5 ± 6.08%) undergoing cardiac transplantation, and normal donor hearts (N, n = 8). LV inter‐ventricular septum (IVS) and antero‐lateral free wall (FW) were transmurally (i.e. sub‐epicardial, mesocardial and sub‐endocardial layers) analysed. LV glycogen content was shown to be increased in both DCM and ICM as compared with N hearts (P < 0.001), with a U‐shaped transmural distribution (lower values in mesocardium). Capillary density was homogenously reduced in both DCM and ICM as compared with N (P < 0.05 versus N), with a lower decrease independent of the extent of fibrosis in sub‐endocardial and sub‐epicardial layers of DCM as compared with ICM. HIF1‐α and nestin, recognized ischaemic molecular hallmarks, were similarly expressed in DCM‐LV and ICM‐LV myocardium. The proteomic profile was overlapping by ~50% in DCM and ICM groups. Morphological and molecular features of MH were detected in end‐stage ICM as well as in end‐stage DCM LV, despite epicardial coronary artery patency and lower fibrosis in DCM hearts. Unravelling the presence of MH in the absence of coronary stenosis may be helpful to design a novel approach in the clinical management of DCM.
Biofield Energy Signals, Energy Transmission and Neutrinos

There has been significant data published in peer-reviewed scientific journals about Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi exercising the biofield energy to change the behaviour and characteristics of living organisms including soil, seeds, plants, trees, animals, microbes, and humans, along with non-living materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, chemicals, pharmaceutical compounds and nutraceuticals, etc. This effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy on living beings and non-living materials is referred to as The Trivedi Effect ®. The changes are attributed to changes at the atomic level and the subatomic level. Changes in atomic/molecular weights are postulated to the changes in atomic mass and atomic charge through possible mediation of neutrinos. The recent discovery of neutrino oscillations seems to give credence to our postulates. This paper discusses briefly about the neutrinos and some of Mr. Trivedi’s results and attempts to link these to biofield energy and associated signal transmissions.
Hysterectomy and ovarian function: levels of follicle stimulating hormone and incidence of menopausal symptoms are not affected by hysterectomy in women under age 45 years

Objective: To investigate levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), as a measure of ovarian function and menopausal symptoms prior to and following hysterectomy in women under the age of 45 years. Design: This was a prospective controlled study. Sample: A total of 56 hysterectomy patients and 34 controls, up to the age of 42 years, were recruited. Methods: Women undergoing hysterectomy were recruited prior to their operation and were matched, where possible, with controls for age, parity and smoking. Five blood samples were taken over 2 years, two before the operation (or at a 1-month interval in the control group) and then at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Questionnaires were completed at each sampling to assess symptoms associated with reduced estrogen secretion. Results: No significant differences in FSH levels between patients and controls were found. Modest differences in FSH levels between different time-points were identified (p = 0.03), but this disappeared if age and smoking were included as covariates. For the questionnaire data, there were no significant differences between the two groups on the somatic and vasomotor scales, but for psychological symptoms the patients scored significantly higher than the controls (p = 0.007), particularly at the pre-operation time-point. Conclusion: The study found no evidence of compromise of ovarian function, as reflected in FSH levels, within 2 years of hysterectomy. Psychological symptoms were higher in women undergoing hysterectomy both before and after the operation.
Predicting future happiness: an attempt to determine factors underlying the impact bias

People tend to overestimate their affective reactions to emotional events, exhibiting the so-called impact bias. One factor underlying this bias is a cognitive mechanism known as focalism, the tendency to focus too narrowly on the event in question. The current study investigates two exercises designed to reduce focalism: A prospective diary, and a similar-past experiences exercise. Neither of these exercises led to the expected results. Furthermore, the data suggest that the impact bias may be affected by the temporal distance of focal events. These results are discussed in the context of other relevant research.
Evaluation of Plasticizer Addition in Composite Edible Coating on Quality of Fresh-Cut Mangoes during Storage

A composite edible coating made from carrageenan - beeswax with two plasticizers was used to cover fresh-cut mangoes. The purpose of this research was to develop edible film with plasticizer treatment and investigate the effect of an edible coating on quality changes in fresh-cut mangoes during refrigerated storage. The film-forming solution was poured onto an acrylic plate 20x20 cm2 and dried at 50 °C for 24 hours in a cabinet dryer. Coated and uncoated mangoes were placed into styrofoam then over-wrapped with cling wrap and stored at 6°C for 6 days. Edible films containing two plasticizers had a higher thickness, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and solubility than the single plasticizer film. It was found that edible coatings could preserve a fresh-cut mango quality by reducing weight loss, delaying an increase in total soluble solids, maintaining pH, total acidity and growth of microorganisms. It also indicated no difference in sensory perception between the coated and the uncoated fresh-cut mangoes.
Gender-Related Differential Validity and Differential Prediction in Interest Inventories

Following the suggestions of National Institute of Education and American Psychological Association Standards, this article addresses the issue of differential validity and differential prediction in the vocational interest domain as one major concern of test fairness. In order to investigate potential prediction bias in vocational interest measures, we first compare gender-specific validity coefficients for the prediction of person–environment fit and satisfaction to test for differential validity, and second, we examine gender differences in the slopes and intercepts of the regression model predicting person–environment fit to test for differential prediction. Results show evidence of differential validity and some indications of differential prediction in a standard Holland Interest Inventory. However, removing items showing large gender-specific differential item functioning, that is, controlling for measurement bias, slightly reduced prediction bias. Practical implications are discussed and further research objectives are suggested.
Not Ideal: The Association Between Working Anything but Full Time and Perceived Unfair Treatment

Ideal-worker norms permeate workplaces, guiding employers’ evaluation of workers and perceptions of workers’ worth. The authors investigate how an ideal-worker norm violation—working anything but full time—affects workers’ perception of unfair treatment. The authors assess gender and parental status differences in the relationship. Analyses using Midlife Development in the United States II data reveal that women who violate the norm when they have children perceive greater unfair treatment than women who violate the norm but do not have children in the study period. Men who work anything but full time do not perceive unfair treatment. The authors’ findings inform efforts to challenge ideal-worker norms.
A Deletion Variant of the α2b-Adrenoceptor Modulates the Stress-Induced Shift from “Cognitive” to “Habit” Memory

Stress induces a shift from hippocampus-based “cognitive” toward dorsal striatum-based “habitual” learning and memory. This shift is thought to have important implications for stress-related psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is large individual variability in the stress-induced bias toward habit memory, and the factors underlying this variability are completely unknown. Here we hypothesized that a functional deletion variant of the gene encoding the α2b-adrenoceptor (ADRA2B), which has been linked to emotional memory processes and increased PTSD risk, modulates the stress-induced shift from cognitive toward habit memory. In two independent experimental studies, healthy humans were genotyped for the ADRA2B deletion variant. After a stress or control manipulation, participants completed a dual-solution learning task while electroencephalographic (Study I) or fMRI measurements (Study II) were taken. Carriers compared with noncarriers of the ADRA2B deletion variant exhibited a significantly reduced bias toward habit memory after stress. fMRI results indicated that, whereas noncarriers of the ADRA2B deletion variant showed increased functional connectivity between amygdala and putamen after stress, this increase in connectivity was absent in carriers of the deletion variant, who instead showed overall enhanced connectivity between amygdala and entorhinal cortex. Our results indicate that a common genetic variation of the noradrenergic system modulates the impact of stress on the balance between cognitive and habitual memory systems, most likely via altered amygdala orchestration of these systems. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stressful events have a powerful effect on human learning and memory. Specifically, accumulating evidence suggests that stress favors more rigid dorsal striatum-dependent habit memory, at the expense of flexible hippocampus-dependent cognitive memory. Although this shift may have important implications for understanding mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, little is known about the source of individual differences in the sensitivity for the stress-induced bias toward habit memory. We report here that a common genetic variation of the noradrenergic system, a known risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder, modulates the stress-induced shift from cognitive to habit memory, most likely through altered crosstalk between the hippocampus and dorsal striatum with the amygdala, a key structure in emotional memory.
The determinants of hospital CEO compensation

This study finds a significant difference in the compensation levels of public and private hospital CEOs. The difference, however, is not found to be associated with ownership structure. Rather, it is attributable to hospital characteristics such as size, location, and affiliation with a multihospital chain, and human characteristics such as gender, education, and experience.
Model Checking Regular Language Constraints

Even the fastest SMT solvers have performance problems with regular expressions from real programs. Because these performance issues often arise from the problem representation (e.g. non-deterministic finite automata get determinized and regular expressions get unrolled), we revisit Boolean finite automata, which allow for the direct and natural representation of any Boolean combination of regular languages. By applying the IC3 model checking algorithm to Boolean finite automata, not only can we efficiently answer emptiness and universality problems, but through an extension, we can decide satisfiability of multiple variable string membership problems. We demonstrate the resulting system's effectiveness on a number of popular benchmarks and regular expressions.
New interpretation for the D*(s2)(2573) and the prediction of novel exotic charmed mesons

T.B. acknowledges support from the DFG under Contract No. GRK683. This work is partly supported by DGICYT contract number FIS2006-03438 and the Generalitat Valenciana in the Prometeo Program. We acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Integrating Activity Study of Strongly Interacting Matter (acronym HadronPhysics2, Grant Agreement n. 227431) under the Seventh Framework Programme of EU.
Attachment and feeding problems: a reexamination of nonorganic failure to thrive and attachment insecurity.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between attachment patterns, degree of security, and feeding problems. METHOD Three groups of toddlers (age range = 12-37 months) were included: toddlers with infantile anorexia (n = 33), picky eaters (n = 34), and healthy eaters (n = 34). Participants in each group were matched for age, socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity. Attachment patterns and degree of attachment security were assessed through the Ainsworth Strange Situation. RESULTS The infantile anorexia group exhibited a higher rate of insecure attachment relationships than the picky eater and healthy eater groups. When measured on a continuous scale, the infantile anorexia group also displayed a higher degree of insecurity than the other groups. Contrary to previous research, elevated rates of type D attachments were not present within the infantile anorexia group. CONCLUSIONS Feeding problems and growth deficiencies can occur within the context of organized and secure attachment child-parent relationships. However, insecure attachment relationships may intensify feeding problems and may lead to more severe malnutrition. Implications for the treatment of specific feeding problems are discussed.
Clinical Intervention Prediction and Understanding with Deep Neural Networks

Real-time prediction of clinical interventions remains a challenge within intensive care units (ICUs). This task is complicated by data sources that are sparse, noisy, heterogeneous and outcomes that are imbalanced. In this work, we integrate data across many ICU sources — vitals, labs, notes, demographics — and focus on learning rich representations of this data to predict onset and weaning of multiple invasive interventions. In particular, we compare both long short-term memory networks (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for prediction of five intervention tasks: invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, vasopressors, colloid boluses, and crystalloid boluses. Our predictions are done in a forward-facing manner after a six hour gap time to support clinically actionable planning. We achieve state-of-the-art results on these predictive tasks using deep architectures. Further, we explore the use of feature occlusion to interpret LSTM models, and compare this to the interpretability gained from examining inputs that maximally activate CNN outputs. We show that our models are able to significantly outperform baselines for intervention prediction, and provide insight into model learning.