Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy

Vrouwen die anti-epileptica nodig hebben en zwanger willen worden moeten ruim voor de conceptie de neuroloog consulteren en hun kinderwens kenbaar maken, zodat de medicatie, het handhaven of veranderen van de therapie, hierop afgestemd kan worden. Want uiteindelijk kan de beste therapie alleen individueel worden bepaald. Dit concludeert Janneke Boersma-Jentink op basis van haar promotieonderzoek. Boersma-Jentink deed drie case-controlestudies naar associaties tussen specifieke aangeboren afwijkingen (gebaseerd op signalen uit de literatuur) en gebruik van de meest voorgeschreven anti-epilectica lamotrigine, valproinezuur en carbamazepine. Ze maakte gebruik van de internationale EUROCAT database voor aangeboren afwijkingen. Tijdens de zwangerschap halen vier tot vijf op de duizend vrouwen ten minste een anti-epilepticum bij de apotheek. De studiepopulatie waarmee Boersma-Jentink werkte, omvatte 3,8 miljoen zwangerschappen. Er was specifieke informatie beschikbaar van 98 duizend zwangerschapsuitkomsten met aangeboren afwijkingen. Voor lamotrigine vond zij in EUROCAT geen bewijs voor een associatie met een hazenlip (orofacial cleft). Voor carbamazepine waren eerder vijf signalen gevonden, waarvan alleen een associatie met spina bifida is bevestigd in de case-controle studie van Boersma-Jentink. Voor valproinezuur waren veertien signalen gevonden in de literatuur, waarvan er door Boersma-Jentink zes zijn bevestigd: spina bifida, ASD, cleft palate, hypospadie, polydactyly en craniosynostosis. Ook werd het beschermende effect van foliumzuur op het voorkomen van spina bifida onderzocht onder vrouwen die valproinezuur gebruikten tijdens de zwangerschap. Boersma-Jentink vond, in een zeer kleine studie, vooralsnog geen preventief effect. Het is daarom volgens haar erg belangrijk dat er verder onderzoek gedaan wordt naar het werkingsmechanisme van zowel valproinezuur als foliumzuur op de neuraalbuis.
Automatic Processing of Handwritten Arabic Forms using Neural Networks

Abstract —Among the vast range of off–line optical characterrecognition applications is the machine processing of forms. Theobjective is to imitate the human ability to read but at higher speed.This paper presents a neural network based system to recognisehandwritten Arabic characters collected from more than 500 forms.Wavelet coefﬁcients extracted from the character samples are used totune the neural network weights. The performance of the system isassessed using a corpus that includes 15800 character samples. Keywords —Neural Networks, Pattern Recognition, Image Pro-cessing and Understanding, Arabic OCR. I. INTRODUCTION A RABIC language provides a rich source of technicalchallenges for recognition algorithms. The most obviouscharacteristics of the Arabic language is that Arabic scripts areinherently cursive, though in this paper we are not tackling thisissue. The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 basic letters, whichconsists of strokes and dots. Ten of them have one dot, threehave two dots, two have three dots. Dots can be above; ,below; , or in the middle; of the letter. The shape ofthe letter is context sensitive, depending on its location withina word, as shown in Table I. A letter can have up to fourdifferent shapes: isolated (
Inositol trisphosphate‐dependent Ca2+ stores and mitochondria modulate slow wave activity arising from the smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig prostate gland

Background and purpose: Changes in smooth muscle tone of the prostate gland are involved in aetiology of symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia, however the control mechanisms of prostatic smooth muscle are not well understood. Here, we have examined the role of internal Ca2+ compartments in regulating slow wave activity in the guinea pig prostate.
Gravitational bending of light by planetary multipoles and its measurement with microarcsecond astronomical interferometers

Abstract General relativistic deflection of light by mass, dipole, and quadrupole moments of gravitational field of a moving massive planet in the Solar system is derived in the approximation of the linearized Einstein equations. All terms of the order of 1 μas and larger are taken into account, parameterized, and classified in accordance with their physical origin. We discuss the observational capabilities of the near-future optical and radio interferometers for detecting the Doppler modulation of the radial deflection, and the dipolar and quadrupolar light-ray bending by Jupiter and Saturn.
Examining Gender Differences in Sources and Levels of Perceived Competence in Interscholastic Coaches

This study aimed to examine gender differences in sources of competence information and the resultant perceptions of competence among male and female interscholastic coaches. Participants (102 female and 138 male coaches of girls’ sports) completed self-report measures that assessed preferences for sources of coaching competence information, perceptions of general and specific coaching competence, and potential reasons for withdrawal from coaching. Multivariate analyses revealed significant gender differences among sources of competence information, with women showing greater preference for athletes’ improvement and for improvement of their own coaching skills. Gender differences between coaching competence perceptions were also found. Males and females were similar in most self-perceptions, but women perceived themselves to be more competent at teaching sport skills. Contrary to theoretical predictions, canonical correlations between sources and perceptions of competence did not indicate a strong link be.
Peripheral olfactory sensitivity in rodents after treatment with docetaxel

Clinical studies have documented that cytotoxic chemotherapy is often associated with body weight loss and decreased enjoyment of food. Besides taste, olfaction plays a role in food intake. We assessed whether systemic chemotherapeutic cancer treatment compromises olfactory function in rats and mice treated with docetaxel (Taxotere; Sanofi‐Aventis, Paris, France).
Compensation for end to end delays in a VR system

In virtual reality applications, time delay is one of the essential factors which need compensation. We measured the end to end time delay of our system and developed a compensation technique using a head motion model and a predictive Kalman filter. Compared to a previously developed predictive filter with a model free approach, our filter reduces the error, by 20 to 30%. Due to recent advances in PC technology, it was possible to implement the entire system (including the compensation) on a single PC. Our system consists of a PC, head mounted display, and a 6 degrees of freedom magnetic tracking sensor.
Automatic Construction of Callback Model for Android Application

The heavy use of event-callback mechanism in frameworks like Android causes challenges for static analysis. Modelling of callback mechanisms for Android applications (app for short) is becoming a major method to address such challenges. In this work, we aim to construct a generic callback-related model that supports path-sensitive analysis. We consider three unresolved challenges in the existing modelling approaches: 1) building connections between different components; 2) identifying path-sensitive conditions; 3) handling the system-driven callbacks and fine-grained lifecycle callbacks. We propose algorithms for constructing a generic path-sensitive callback model and present a prototype model constructor, Andro Checker, to validate our approach. We evaluate 20 real-world apps using Andro Checker. The evaluation result shows that our method and tool have a strong capability in modelling path conditions and inter-component invocations.
Irreversible performance of a quantum harmonic heat engine

The unavoidable irreversible loss of power in a heat engine is found to be of quantum origin. Following thermodynamic tradition, a model quantum heat engine operating in an Otto cycle is analysed, where the working medium is composed of an ensemble of harmonic oscillators and changes in volume correspond to changes in the curvature of the potential well. Equations of motion for quantum observables are derived for the complete cycle of operation. These observables are sufficient to determine the state of the system and with it all thermodynamical variables. Once the external controls are set, the engine settles to a limit cycle. Conditions for optimal work, power and entropy production are derived. At high temperatures and quasistatic operating conditions, the efficiency at maximum power coincides with the endoreversible result . The optimal compression ratio varies from in the quasistatic limit where the irreversibility is dominated by heat conductance to in the sudden limit when the irreversibility is dominated by friction. When the engine deviates from adiabatic conditions, the performance is subject to friction. The origin of this friction can be traced to the noncommutability of the kinetic and potential energy of the working medium.
Prevalence and management of patients using medication targeting obstructive lung disease: A cross-sectional study in primary healthcare in Greenland

Objective . The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalent use of drugs targeting obstructive lung diseases among adults aged 50 or above in Greenland and to assess the use of spirometry testing among these medication users. Study design . Observational cross-sectional study based on reviews of electronic medical records. Methods . The study was performed in the 6 largest primary healthcare clinics in Greenland, representing approximately 67.0% of the population in Greenland. Adults aged 50 years or above, who had at least one electronically prescribed drug targeting obstructive lung diseases within a 15-month time interval, were identified. We assessed whether a spirometry test was registered in their medical records within previous 2- and 4-year periods. Results . A total of 565 persons were identified. This corresponds to a prevalent medication use of 6.1% (565/9,023) among adults aged 50 years or above. Among these medication users, 14.1% (80/565) had a spirometry test performed within 2 years. Within the 4-year period this increased to 17.9% (101/565). Conclusion . The use of medication targeting obstructive lung diseases in Greenland among adults aged 50 years or above is common. However, spirometry testing among medication users is low and interventions aiming to increase focus on spirometry testing should be integrated in the primary healthcare system.
Scene and crowd behaviour analysis with local space-time descriptors

In this paper we propose a local space-time descriptor to be employed for behaviour analysis in video-surveillance applications. We show how this local video representation is able to extract scene semantics in both a supervised (behaviour recognition) and semi-supervised (anomaly detection) setup. Our approach yields state-of-the art performance on two publicly available datasets and is not computationally intensive.
Balanced Mini-batch Sampling for SGD Using Determinantal Point Processes

We study a mini-batch diversification scheme for stochastic gradient descent (SGD). While classical SGD relies on uniformly sampling data points to form a mini-batch, we propose a non-uniform sampling scheme based on the Determinantal Point Process (DPP). The DPP relies on a similarity measure between data points and gives low probabilities to mini-batches which contain redundant data, and higher probabilities to mini-batches with more diverse data. This simultaneously balances the data and leads to stochastic gradients with lower variance. We term this approach Diversified Mini-Batch SGD (DM-SGD). We show that regular SGD and a biased version of stratified sampling emerge as special cases. Furthermore, DM-SGD generalizes stratified sampling to cases where no discrete features exist to bin the data into groups. We show experimentally that our method results more interpretable and diverse features in unsupervised setups, and in better classification accuracies in supervised setups.
Genome-wide Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Integration and Strain in C666-1 and Raji Cells

EBV is a key risk factor for many malignancy diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). EBV integration has been reported, but its scale and impact to cancer development is remains unclear. C666-1 (NPC cell line) and Raji (BL cell line) are commonly studied EBV-positive cancer cells. A rare few EBV integration sites in Raji were found in previous research by traditional methods. To deeply survey EBV integration, we sequenced C666-1 and Raji whole genomes by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology and a total of 909 breakpoints were detected in the two cell lines. Moreover, we observed that the number of integration sites was positive correlated with the total amount of chromosome structural variations (SVs) and copy number structural variations (CNVs), and most breakpoints located inside or nearby genome structural variations regions. It suggested that host genome instability provided an opportunity for EBV integration on one hand and the integration aggravated host genome instability on the other hand. Then, we respectively assembled the C666-1 and Raji EBV strains which would be useful resources for EBV-relative studies. Thus, we report the most comprehensive characterization of EBV integration in NPC cell and BL cell, and EBV shows the wide range and random integration to increase the tumorigenesis. The NGS provides an incomparable level of resolution on EBV integration and a convenient approach to obtain viral strain compared to any research technology before.
Mapping Soil Salinization of Agricultural Coastal Areas in Southeast Spain

Soil salt content is a key factor that determines soil chemical quality together with soil reaction, charge properties and nutrient reserves (Lal et al., 1999). An adequate salt supply is essential for an optimum development of photosynthetic mechanism and other biochemical processes in plants (Sitte et al., 1994). Soil salt content constitutes an environmental problem when salt accumulation generates drastic changes in soil physical and chemical properties, adversely affecting soil productivity and plant growth (Richards, 1954; Qadir et al., 2000).
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Ghost from the Past or a New Frontier?

With majority of ischemic strokes attributable to atherothrombosis and many being predictable after transient ischemic attacks (TIA), the role of early secondary prevention with antiplatelet agents is under renewed investigation. Prior major clinical trials of various secondary stroke prevention regimens pointed to a greater efficacy of dual antiplatelet agents if initiated early from symptom onset. This paper examines data and rationale behind dual antiplatelet regimens across the completed clinical trials. The safety of dual antiplatelets approach is of concern, but it could be outweighed, at least in early management, by a greater reduction in recurrence of ischemic events since this risk is “front loaded” after minor stroke or TIA. Aspirin monotherapy, though considered standard of care, is compared to aspirin-extended release dipiridamole and its combination with clopidogrel in early-phase completed and efficacy-phase ongoing clinical trials.
The Givenness of the Human Learning Experience and Its Incompatibility with Information Analytics

Abstract The rise of learning analytics, the application of complex metrics developed to exploit the proliferation of ‘Big Data’ in educational work, raises important moral questions about the nature of what is measurable in education. Teachers, schools and nations are increasingly held to account based on metrics, exacerbating the tendency for fine-grained measurement of learning experiences. In this article, the origins of learning analytics ontology are explored, drawing upon core ideas in the philosophy of computing, such as the general definition of information and the information-theoretic account of knowledge. Drawing upon a reading of Descartes Meditatio II, which extends the phenomenology of Jean-Luc Marion into a pedagogy of intentionality, the article identifies a fundamental incompatibility between the subjective experience of learning and the information-theoretic account of knowledge. Human subjects experience and value their own information incommensurably with the ways in which computers measure and quantify information. The consequences of this finding for the design of online learning environments, and the necessary limitations of learning analytics and measurement are explored.
Clinically significant azole cross‐resistance in Candida isolates from HIV‐positive patients with oral candidosis

Objectives:To determine the proportion of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates that have clinically significant cross-resistance to itraconazole or ketoconazole, that is sufficient to result in failure of these agents at their standard doses (200 and 400 mg daily for 7 days, respectively). Methods:Seven hundred C. albicans isolates from HIV-positive patients with oral candidosis underwent susceptibility testing using a relative growth method, for which cut-off values corresponding to clinical drug failure have been established. Results:A total of 431 isolates were fully azole-susceptible and three main resistance patterns were detected: isolates resistant to fluconazole alone (n = 100); isolates resistant to fluconazole and ketoconazole but susceptible to itraconazole (n = 94); and isolates resistant to all three drugs (n = 50). No isolates were consistently resistant to ketoconazole without being fluconazole-resistant, and no itraconazole resistance was detected without ketoconazole resistance. Resistance to fluconazole alone was more common in specimens obtained soon after first clinical fluconazole failure, whereas specimens from patients with a longer history of fluconazole-unresponsive candidosis were more likely to be infected with cross-resistant isolates. Median days of prior azole exposure and cumulative fluconazole dose were significantly less for those with isolates resistant to fluconazole alone than for those with ketoconazole cross-resistant isolates, who had received less azole therapy and smaller cumulative fluconazole doses than those with isolates cross-resistant to all three drugs (although not statistically significant). After the diagnosis of fluconazole-unresponsive candidosis, increasing cumulative doses of itraconazole solution were associated with increasing likelihood of cross-resistance. Conclusions:Clinically significant cross-resistance to other azoles may occur in fluconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans, although initially most isolates are not cross-resistant and the detection of cross-resistant isolates is associated with a history of greater prior azole exposure. Patients who have been treated for fluconazole-resistant candidosis for longer and with greater cumulative doses of itraconazole solution tend to become infected with increasingly cross-resistant isolates of C. albicans.
On the small and finite deformation thermo-elasto-viscoplasticity theory for strain localization problems

This work is focused on the numerical implementation of thermo-elasto viscoplastic constitutive equations in small and finite strain contexts using the FEM. A length-scale parameter is introduced implicitly through viscosity in order to address strain localization and material instability in the (initial) boundary value problems. According to the second law of thermodynamics a dissipation inequality described in the rotated material coordinate system is developed by Voyiadjis et al. (2004), which was used along with the principle of maximum dissipation to formulate a viscoinelastic model. In order to check the effectiveness of the present framework a set of numerical examples under strict deformation conditions are presented. These numerical examples prove the excellent performance of the present framework in describing the strain localization problem and in obtaining mesh-independent results.
PhD supervisor-PhD student interactions in an English-medium Higher Education (HE) setting: Expressing disagreement

According to the latest figures, the increase in English-taught programs in European Higher Education (HE) has been tremendous at a growth rate of 500% since 2002 (Wachter and Maiworm 2014). In all these HE institutes, English serves as the main lingua franca for students and staff. The present paper reports from such a HE setting in Sweden and focuses on how disagreement is expressed in PhD supervisor-PhD student supervision meetings, a spoken genre largely neglected in the study of spoken academic discourse. The material comprises digitally-recorded, naturally-occurring speech adding up to approximately seven hours, all by PhD supervisors and students from different L1 backgrounds, who all use English as a lingua franca. All recordings have been transcribed, and the instances of disagreement have been analysed by a mixed-methods approach, drawing on Conversation Analysis (CA). The results show, first of all, that the PhD students directly construct disagreement with their supervisors on content-related advice despite the academic and institutional power asymmetry present in these interactions. The supervisors, on the other hand, seem to indirectly construct disagreement with their students. It is suggested here that linguistic competence and content knowledge may be two factors mitigating the power asymmetry. Also, the expression of disagreement does not seem to be perceived as confrontational by either the supervisors or students. On the contrary, disagreement seems to be typical of this spoken genre in this setting, implying that it may even be a “preferred second” turn in this spoken genre with reference to the enculturation of the PhD student into the academic community.