Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connexin 43 and CaV1.2 Ion Channel Trafficking in Healthy and Diseased Myocardium

A remarkable aspect of cardiac ion channel biology is that individual ion channels have half-lives on the order of hours. For example, Connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junction proteins have a half-life of 1 to 3 hours,1,2 whereas potassium channels, calcium channels, and the sodium–calcium exchanger have half-lives that are reported in the 2 to 8 hours range.3–6 The short life span of ion channels suggests that there needs to be efficiency in their life cycle and movements which follow the order of: formation, delivery to the correct subdomain on plasma membrane, behavior once in membrane, and internalization back into the cell. To maintain this efficiency in ion trafficking, thousands of individual proteins contribute to a functional equilibrium. Mutations in a single protein can disrupt this equilibrium and over time manifest as arrhythmogenic substrate or cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocytes use common intracellular organelles and machinery to produce and shuttle ion channel proteins to their specific organelles and functional subdomains at the cell membrane. After gene transcription in the nuclei, proteins are translated and subjected to post-translational modification in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then further modified in the Golgi apparatus. For ion channels, sorting and delivery to their subcellular destination begins in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi complex is usually found adjacent to the lateral side of each nucleus in mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes. Co-localized with each Golgi is the centrosome at which microtubules are nucleated and extend throughout the cell.7 Sorting of proteins mainly takes place at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). 8 Cargo proteins are sorted into post-Golgi carriers, which are docked onto molecular motors and delivered to the cell periphery along microtubules.9 These extending microtubules form an intricate and dynamic outgoing network capable of shuttling ion channel–containing vesicles to their destinations. In the context …
Survival and Reproduction of Myxobolus cerebralis-Resistant Rainbow Trout Introduced to the Colorado River and Increased Resistance of Age-0 Progeny

Myxobolus cerebralis caused severe declines in rainbow trout populations across Colorado following its introduction in the 1980s. One promising approach for the recovery of Colorado’s rainbow trout populations has been the production of rainbow trout that are genetically resistant to the parasite. We introduced one of these resistant crosses, known as the GR×CRR (cross between the German Rainbow [GR] and Colorado River Rainbow [CRR] trout strains), to the upper Colorado River. The abundance, survival, and growth of the stocked GR×CRR population was examined to determine if GR×CRRs had contributed offspring to the age-0 population, and determine whether these offspring displayed increased resistance and survival characteristics compared to their wild CRR counterparts. Apparent survival of the introduced GR×CRR over the entire study period was estimated to be 0.007 (±0.001). Despite low survival of the GR×CRRs, age-0 progeny of the GR×CRR were encountered in years 2008 through 2011. Genetic assignments revealed a shift in the genetic composition of the rainbow trout fry population over time, with CRR fish comprising the entirety of the fry population in 2007, and GR-cross fish comprising nearly 80% of the fry population in 2011. A decrease in average infection severity (myxospores fish−1) was observed concurrent with the shift in the genetic composition of the rainbow trout fry population, decreasing from an average of 47,708 (±8,950) myxospores fish−1 in 2009 to 2,672 (±4,379) myxospores fish−1 in 2011. Results from this experiment suggest that the GR×CRR can survive and reproduce in rivers with a high prevalence of M. cerebralis. In addition, reduced myxospore burdens in age-0 fish indicated that stocking this cross may ultimately lead to an overall reduction in infection prevalence and severity in the salmonid populations of the upper Colorado River.
Exact solution of the A(1)n−1 trigonometric vertex model with non-diagonal open boundaries

The A(n-1)((1)) trigonometric vertex model with generic non-diagonal boundaries is studied. The double-row transfer matrix of the model is diagonalized by algebraic Bethe ansatz method in terms of the intertwiner and the corresponding face-vertex relation. The eigenvalues and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.
Professional Standards

As stated in the course syllabi, all assignments, with exception of handwritten math proofs and things of that nature, must be prepared in the form of a professional report. The overview for this is on the course syllabus. We are providing additional information for your convenience. We want you to succeed in the class, and in life; unfortunately or not, others judge by appearance, so one must be prepared to make good initial, interim, ongoing, and final impressions. Guidance In general, if you have doubts regarding the acceptability of your report, compare it to good examples. See any published document put out by any reputable, for-profit company. Although sometimes white papers and so forth may have an error, in general the management does not permit substandard release of documents. Also, see other guidance in the submission standards 1. Submission. 1.1. Please follow all instructions in the general policy section of the syllabus and website. This includes hard copy in at class time, and soft copy upload to Owl-Space, and proper formats of reports and attachments. 1.2. If both copies are not provided timely, the assignment will receive no grade until the late assignment deadline is passed, then it will receive a grade of zero. It is NOT the instructor(s)' or TA's responsibility to check this for you. 1.3. Remember that the instructor(s)' or TA's will in almost all cases be unable to print out emailed or soft submissions. 2. Professional Standards. Please follow all instructions in the applicable section(s) of the syllabus and on the website. 3. Report Format. With a few exceptions (e.g. TWF 1 Chapter 7 questions), assignments should be treated as a single report rather than a series of questions. The basic science template works really well: 3.1. State the Problem 2. What exactly is being addressed (e.g. "In this report, we investigate the CAPM with regard to.") 3.2. Explain the Hypothesis. For background, explain what you expect to see and why (e.g. "Fama and French introduced their 3-factor model to.") 3.3. Outline the Methodology. For EVERYTHING you did (e.g. "We regressed (i f R R −) on (m f R R −) ". If using WRDS/CRSP/COMPUSTAT, you MUST indicate which data frequency and variable you use; this will result in a ½ grade reduction if not done. It is usually good to do this in footnotes or an appendix 3.4. Organize and Fine-tune the Results. This …
Impulsivity, personality disorders and pathological gambling severity.

AIMS The present study seeks to replicate and expand findings from earlier studies that pathological gamblers manifest elevated traits of impulsivity. Secondly, the study aims to elucidate the relationship between impulsivity, indices reflecting severity of pathological gambling and other measures of psychopathology and personality dysfunction. DESIGN Case series. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-two consecutive gamblers, seeking treatment for problem gambling. SETTING Impulse Disorders Research Unit, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia. MEASUREMENTS Semi-structured interview designed to obtain demographic information and gambling history, the South Oaks gambling Screen, the Eysenck Impulsivity Scale, the Personality Disorder Questionnaire-Revised, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. FINDINGS Results show elevated traits of impulsivity among clinic samples of pathological gamblers compared to normative data and show that impulsivity is related to the severity of gambling behaviour as measured by the South Oaks Gambling Questionnaire. A principal component analysis of the Eysenck Impulsivity Scale and the personality Disorder Questionnaire-Revised, demonstrated that the concept of the "antisocial-impulivist" identified to Blaszczynski, Steel & McConaghy (1997) is not only characterized by impulsivity and antisocial personality disorder but also by high loadings from other cluster B and cluster C personality disorders. CONCLUSION. This research supports the role of the construct of impulsivity in mediating the severity of gambling behaviour and associated behavioural and psychological disturbance among pathological gamblers presenting for treatment. Impulsivity is best understood as part of a general personality disorder structure characterized primarily by DSM-III-R Axis II cluster B and some cluster C personality disorder.
Remarks on IEEE 802.11 DCF performance analysis

This letter presents a new approach to evaluate the throughput/delay performance of the 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). Our approach relies on elementary conditional probability arguments rather than bidimensional Markov chains (as proposed in previous models) and can be easily extended to account for backoff operation more general than DCF's one.
Matrix product simulations of non-equilibrium steady states of quantum spin chains

A time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method with a matrix product ansatz is employed for explicit computation of non-equilibrium steady state density operators of several integrable and non-integrable quantum spin chains, which are driven far from equilibrium by means of Markovian couplings to external baths at the two ends. It is argued that even though the time evolution cannot be simulated efficiently due to fast entanglement growth, the steady states in and out of equilibrium can be typically accurately approximated, with the result that chains of length of the order of n≈100 spins are accessible. Our results are demonstrated by performing explicit simulations of steady states and calculations of energy/spin densities/currents in several problems of heat and spin transport in quantum spin chains. A previously conjectured relation between quantum chaos and normal transport is re-confirmed with high accuracy for much larger systems.
Beliefs About Immunization and Children ’ s Health Among Childbearing Mothers in Nepal

Acknowledgements This year-long project would not have been possible without the valuable contributions of numerous people. I am forever indebted to them all and would like to recognize some of the individuals and institutions that have given me the support and encouragement needed to complete this honors project. First of all, I would like to thank Jonathan Volk for being a great friend and helping me organize my garbled thoughts about what I initially wanted to research for my thesis. I would also like to thank my research colleague Jessica Tan, who also helped to inspire my ideas and realize my vision for this project. and Mr. and Mrs. Crandall, who approved my research project and provided me with the funding and support necessary for this ambitious endeavor. I would especially like to thank Dr. Bishop Joshi and the administrators at Kanti Children's Hospital and Patan Health Post who kindly allowed me to conduct my interviews in their clinics. Additionally, thank you to the numerous Nepalese women who so willingly participated in my survey and who so openly offered their ideas about health and immunization. My deepest love and gratitude go out to my many Nepalese friends, particularly my two translators – Mukunda Chettri and Niru Pariyal. I wish you and your families the best of luck and I hope that someday our paths will cross again. 3 I could not have completed this project without the amazing support and guidance I received from my advisor, Dr. Cheryl Koopman, who was with me from the start of this project. From the minutes she spent chatting about questionnaires to the hours she spent helping to analyze data, I am eternally thankful for the time and energy that Cheryl has invested in this project. Her advise, wisdom, and expertise were simply amazing. Also, Dr. Bill Durham deserves second mention for his invaluable assistance as my second reader. Thank you for teaching me how to think " outside the box " and for helping me become a more culturally sensitive human being. Finally, many thanks go out to my family and friends, who have supported me along every step of this voyage of discovery. At times, it was a long and scary experience, but in the end, it was an experience that allowed me to grow in ways I never thought possible. Abstract This study assessed specific cultural beliefs about immunization and children's …
Transcriptional transformation of Walker tumor chromatin by nonhistone proteins.

Nonhistone proteins fractionated from normal rat liver and Walker carcinosarcoma can stimulate chromatin-templated RNA synthesis in vitro . This has been demonstrated by using RNA polymerase prepared from rat liver, Walker tumor, or Micrococcus luteus . The RNA isolated from these fractionated nonhistone proteins does not activate transcription from chromatin. As judged by DNA-RNA hybridization studies, the altered transcription of chromatin effected by the nonhistone proteins reflects the characteristic transcription from chromatin homologous to the nonhistone proteins. Thus, when rat liver nonhistone proteins were used to activate transcription from Walker tumor chromatin, the activated transcript was found to contain RNA species similar to that synthesized in vitro from rat liver chromatin. Conversely, Walker tumor nonhistone proteins can activate the synthesis of RNA from rat liver chromatin to that partly characteristic of Walker tumor chromatin transcript. It is concluded that the nonhistone proteins are tissue specific in the alteration of transcription of chromatin.
Modulation of 14-3-3/Phosphotarget Interaction by Physiological Concentrations of Phosphate and Glycerophosphates

Molecular mechanisms governing selective binding of a huge number of various phosphorylated protein partners to 14-3-3 remain obscure. Phosphate can bind to 14-3-3 and therefore being present at high intracellular concentration, which undergoes significant changes under physiological conditions, phosphate can theoretically regulate interaction of 14-3-3 with phosphorylated targets. In order to check this hypothesis we analyzed effect of phosphate and other natural abundant anions on interaction of 14-3-3 with phosphorylated human small heat shock protein HspB6 (Hsp20) participating in regulation of different intracellular processes. Inorganic phosphate, glycerol-1-phosphate and glycerol-2-phosphate at physiologically relevant concentrations (5-15 mM) significantly destabilized complexes formed by 14-3-3ζ and phosphorylated HspB6 (pHspB6), presumably, via direct interaction with the substrate-binding site of 14-3-3. Phosphate also destabilized complexes between pHspB6 and 14-3-3γ or the monomeric mutant form of 14-3-3ζ. Inorganic sulfate and pyrophosphate were less effective in modulation of 14-3-3 interaction with its target protein. The inhibitory effect of all anions on pHspB6/14-3-3 interaction was concentration-dependent. It is hypothesized that physiological changes in phosphate anions concentration can modulate affinity and specificity of interaction of 14-3-3 with its multiple targets and therefore the actual phosphointeractome of 14-3-3.
Brain temperature, body core temperature, and intracranial pressure in acute cerebral damage

OBJECTIVES To assess the frequency of hyperthermia in a population of acute neurosurgical patients; to assess the relation between brain temperature (ICT) and core temperature (Tc); to investigate the effect of changes in brain temperature on intracranial pressure (ICP). METHODS The study involved 20 patients (10 severe head injury, eight subarachnoid haemorrhage, two neoplasms) with median Glasgow coma score (GCS) 6. ICP and ICT were monitored by an intraventricular catheter coupled with a thermistor. Internal Tc was measured in the pulmonary artery by a Swan-Ganz catheter. RESULTS Mean ICT was 38.4 (SD 0.8) and mean Tc 38.1 (SD 0.8)°C; 73% of ICT and 57.5% of Tc measurements were ⩾38°C. The mean difference between ICT and Tc was 0.3 (SD 0.3)°C (range −0.7 to 2.3°C) (p=0. 0001). Only in 12% of patients was Tc higher than ICT. The main reason for the differences between ICT and Tc was body core temperature: the difference between ICT and Tc increased significantly with body core temperature and fell significantly when this was lowered. The mean gradient between ICT and Tc was 0.16 (SD 0.31)°C before febrile episodes (ICT being higher than Tc), and 0.41 (SD 0.38)°C at the febrile peak (p<0.05). When changes in temperature were considered, ICT had a profound influence on ICP. Increases in ICT were associated with a significant rise in ICP, from 14.9 (SD 7.9) to 22 (SD 10.4) mm Hg (p<0.05). As the fever ebbed there was a significant decrease in ICP, from 17.5 (SD 8.62) to 16 (SD 7.76) mm Hg (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Fever is extremely frequent during acute cerebral damage and ICT is significantly higher than Tc. Moreover, Tc may underestimate ICT during the phases when temperature has the most impact on the intracranial system because of the close association between increases in ICT and ICP.
Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in B6C3F1 Mice

A 2-yr whole-body exposure study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity and possible oncogenicity of 60 Hz (power frequency) magnetic fields in mice. Groups of 100 male and 100 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to pure, linearly polarized, transient-free 60 Hz magnetic fields at flux densities of 0 Gauss (G) (sham control), 20 milligauss (mG), 2 G, and 10 G; an additional group of 100 male and 100 female B6C3F1 mice received intermittent (1 hr on/1 hr off) exposure to 10 G fields. A small but statistically significant increase in mortality was observed in male mice exposed continuously to 10 G fields; mortality patterns in all other groups of mice exposed to magnetic fields were comparable to those found in sex-matched sham controls. Body weight gains and the total incidence and number of malignant and benign tumors were similar in all groups. Magnetic field exposure did not increase the incidence of neoplasia in any organ, including those sites (leukemia, breast cancer, and brain cancer) that have been identified in epidemiology studies as possible targets of magnetic field action. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of malignant lymphoma was observed in female mice exposed continuously to 10 G fields, and statistically significant decreases in the incidence of lung tumors were seen in both sexes exposed continuously to 2 G fields. These data do not support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to pure, linearly polarized 60 Hz magnetic fields is a significant risk factor for neoplastic development in mice.
A hyperdynamic H3.3 nucleosome marks promoter regions in pluripotent embryonic stem cells

Abstract Histone variants and their chaperones are key regulators of eukaryotic transcription, and are critical for normal development. The histone variant H3.3 has been shown to play important roles in pluripotency and differentiation, and although its genome-wide patterns have been investigated, little is known about the role of its dynamic turnover in transcriptional regulation. To elucidate the role of H3.3 dynamics in embryonic stem cell (ESC) biology, we generated mouse ESC lines carrying a single copy of a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible HA-tagged version of H3.3 and monitored the rate of H3.3 incorporation by ChIP-seq at varying time points following Dox induction, before and after RA-induced differentiation. Comparing H3.3 turnover profiles in ESCs and RA-treated cells, we identified a hyperdynamic H3.3-containing nucleosome at the −1 position in promoters of genes expressed in ESCs. This dynamic nucleosome is restricted and shifted downstream into the +1 position following differentiation. We suggest that histone turnover dynamics provides an additional mechanism involved in expression regulation, and that a hyperdynamic −1 nucleosome marks promoters in ESCs. Our data provide evidence for regional regulation of H3.3 turnover in ESC promoters, and calls for testing, in high resolution, the dynamic behavior of additional histone variants and other structural chromatin proteins.
Exploitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

Recent advances in the exploitation of localized surface plasmons (charge density oscillations confined to metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures) in nanoscale optics and photonics, as well as in the construction of sensors and biosensors, are reviewed here. In particular, subsequent to brief surveys of the most‐commonly used methods of preparation and arraying of materials with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and of the optical manifestations of LSPR, attention will be focused on the exploitation of metallic nanostructures as waveguides; as optical transmission, information storage, and nanophotonic devices; as switches; as resonant light scatterers (employed in the different near‐field scanning optical microscopies); and finally as sensors and biosensors.
Modeling Lag-2 Revisits to Understand Trade-Offs in Mixed Control of Fixation Termination During Visual Search

An important question about eye-movement behavior is when the decision is made to terminate a fixation and program the following saccade. Different approaches have found converging evidence in favor of a mixed-control account, in which there is some overlap between processing information at fixation and planning the following saccade. We examined one interesting instance of mixed control in visual search: lag-2 revisits, during which observers fixate a stimulus, move to a different stimulus, and then revisit the first stimulus on the next fixation. Results show that the probability of lag-2 revisits occurring increased with the number of target-similar stimuli, and revisits were preceded by a brief fixation on the intervening distractor stimulus. We developed the Efficient Visual Sampling (EVS) computational model to simulate our findings (fixation durations and fixation locations) and to provide insight into mixed control of fixations and the perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes that produce lag-2 revisits.
Hexatic and blue phases in a chiral liquid crystal: optical polarizing microscopy, synchrotron radiation and dielectric study

Phase behavior, structure and molecular dynamics of a chiral liquid crystalline compound, which exhibits SmG*, SmJ*, SmF*, SmI*, SmC*, SmA*, N* and BP*, have been investigated. Observed optical textures, synchrotron radiation diffraction data and frequency dependent dielectric spectroscopic study clearly depict the temperature evolution of the different hexatic smectic phases along with cholesteric and blue phase in a single compound. In hexatic phases dielectric absorption spectra show one low frequency relaxation process, related to the phase fluctuation of the bond orientational order, and one high frequency process related to amplitude fluctuation of the bond orientational order coupled with the polarization and tilt of the molecules. Goldstone and soft mode relaxation processes are detected, respectively, in SmC* and SmA* phases.