Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basin and range large‐scale tectonics: Constraints from gravity and reflection seismology

Two geophysical informations constrain the mechanical state of the lithosphere in the Basin and Range Province. COCORP reflection seismic structure across Nevada shows a rather smooth reflector at about 30 km depth, which can be interpreted as indicative of a rather flat Moho. On the other hand, the Bouguer map exhibits two marked troughs in the same region, and filtering techniques reveal a predominant 200-km wavelength of the deep compensating masses of the topography. This paper attributes these deep heterogeneities to lateral thermal variations created by boudinage-type instabilities of the stretched mantle lithosphere.
A Runtime System for Programming Out-of-Core Matrix Algorithms-by-Tiles on Multithreaded Architectures

Out-of-core implementations of algorithms for dense matrix computations have traditionally focused on optimal use of memory so as to minimize I/O, often trading programmability for performance. In this article we show how the current state of hardware and software allows the programmability problem to be addressed without sacrificing performance. This comes from the realizations that memory is cheap and large, making it less necessary to optimally orchestrate I/O, and that new algorithms view matrices as collections of submatrices and computation as operations with those submatrices. This enables libraries to be coded at a high level of abstraction, leaving the tasks of scheduling the computations and data movement in the hands of a runtime system. This is in sharp contrast to more traditional approaches that leverage optimal use of in-core memory and, at the expense of introducing considerable programming complexity, explicit overlap of I/O with computation. Performance is demonstrated for this approach on multicore architectures as well as platforms equipped with hardware accelerators.
Impact of Coronary Plaque Morphology Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography on Cardiac Troponin Elevation in Patients With Elective Stent Implantation

Background—Mild elevations of cardiac troponin frequently occur after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and patients with elevated post-PCI biomarkers have a worse prognosis. We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to study the relationship between pre-PCI plaque morphology and post-PCI cardiac troponin I elevations. Methods and Results—One hundred thirty-one patients with normal pre-PCI cardiac troponin I levels underwent OCT before nonemergency stent implantation. Clinical and OCT findings were compared between patients with (n=31, 23.7%) and without (n=100, 76.3%) post-PCI cardiac troponin I of >3×upper reference limit (post-PCI myocardial infarction [MI]). After PCI, long-term follow-up data were collected. Post-PCI MI was associated with angiographic lesion length, type B2/C lesions, presence of thin-cap fibroatheroma, and fibrous cap thickness. In multivariable analysis, presence of thin-cap fibroatheroma (odds ratio, 10.47; 95% confidence interval, 3.74 to 29.28; P<0.001) and type B2/C lesions (odds ratio, 3.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.41 to 9.92; P=0.008) were predictors of post-PCI MI. At a median follow-up of 12 months, cardiac event-free survival was significantly worse in patients with post-PCI MI (log-rank test &khgr;2=8.9; P=0.003). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that post-PCI MI (hazard ratio, 3.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 9.65; P=0.009) and ejection fraction (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.99; P=0.029) were independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up. Conclusions—Type B2/C lesions and the presence of OCT-defined thin-cap fibroatheroma can predict post-PCI MI in patients treated with elective stent implantation, who may require adjunctive therapy after otherwise successful PCI.
Boys soccer league injuries: a community-based study of time-loss from sports participation and long-term sequelae.

BACKGROUND Youth soccer is important for keeping European children physically active. The aim of this study is to examine injuries sustained in a community soccer league for boys with regard to age-related incidence, time lost from participation and long-term sequelae. METHODS Primary injury data was collected from a soccer league including 1800 players, comprising approximately 25% of all boys 13-16 years of age in three Swedish municipalities (population 150 000). Injuries were primarily identified based on a time loss definition of sports injury. At the end of the season, a physician interviewed every player who reported injured to determine whether there were any remaining sequelae. If a sequela was confirmed, the physician repeated the interview 6, 18 and 48 months after the end of the season. RESULTS Forty-four injuries were recorded during 18 720 player game hours (2.4 injuries per 1000 player game hours). The highest injury incidence (6.8 injuries per 1000 player game hours) was recorded in the first-year elite divisions. Thirty-two injuries (73%) were categorized as moderate-severe, and 21 injuries (48%) required medical attention. Eight injuries caused sequelae that remained 6 months after the end of the season, and 3 injuries caused sequelae that lasted 4 years after the injury event. CONCLUSION An overall low injury rate makes soccer a suitable sport for inclusion in programmes that promote physical activity among children. When organizing soccer leagues for boys, injury prevention programmes should be provided to adolescent players when they begin playing in competitive divisions.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Sensitize Lung Cancer Cells to Hyperthermia: Involvement of Ku70/SirT-1 in Thermo-Protection

This study describes the sensitization mechanism to thermal stress by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) in lung cancer cells and shows that Ku70, based on its acetylation status, mediates the protection of lung cancer from hyperthermia (42.5°C, 1-6 hrs). Ku70 regulates apoptosis by sequestering pro-apoptotic Bax. However, its role in thermal stress is not fully understood. The findings showed that, pre-treating lung cancer cells with HDACIs, nicotinamide (NM) or Trichostatin A (TsA) or both significantly enhanced hyperthermia-induced Bax-dependent apoptosis in PC-10 cells. We found that hyperthermia induces SirT-1, Sirtuin, upregulation but not HDAC6 or SirT-3, therefore transfection with dominant negative SirT-1 (Y/H) also eliminated the protection and resulted in more cell death by hyperthermia, in H1299 cells through Bax activation. Hyperthermia alone primed lung cancer cells to apoptosis without prominent death. After hyperthermia Bax was upregulated, Bcl-2 was downregulated, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was inversed and Bax/Bcl-2 heterodimer was dissociated. Although hyperthermia did not affect total Ku70 expression level, it stimulated Ku70 deacetylation, which in turn could bind more Bax in the PC-10 cells. These findings suggest an escape mechanism from hyperthermia-induced Bax activation. To verify the role of Ku70 in this protection mechanism, Ku70 was silenced by siRNA. Ku70 silencing significantly sensitized the lung cancer cells to hyperthermia. The Ku70 KD cells underwent cytotoxic G1 arrest and caspase-dependant apoptosis when compared to scrambled transfectants which showed only G2/M cytostatic arrest in the cell lines investigated, suggesting an additional cell cycle-dependent, novel, role of Ku70 in protection from hyperthermia. Taken together, our data show a Ku70-dependent protection mechanism from hyperthermia. Targeting Ku70 and/or its acetylation during hyperthermia may represent a promising therapeutic approach for lung cancer.
Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut

Metal halides perovskites, such as hybrid organic–inorganic CH3NH3PbI3, are newcomer optoelectronic materials that have attracted enormous attention as solution-deposited absorbing layers in solar cells with power conversion efficiencies reaching 20%. Herein we demonstrate a new avenue for halide perovskites by designing highly luminescent perovskite-based colloidal quantum dot materials. We have synthesized monodisperse colloidal nanocubes (4–15 nm edge lengths) of fully inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I or mixed halide systems Cl/Br and Br/I) using inexpensive commercial precursors. Through compositional modulations and quantum size-effects, the bandgap energies and emission spectra are readily tunable over the entire visible spectral region of 410–700 nm. The photoluminescence of CsPbX3 nanocrystals is characterized by narrow emission line-widths of 12–42 nm, wide color gamut covering up to 140% of the NTSC color standard, high quantum yields of up to 90%, and radiative lifetimes in the range of 1–29 ns. The compelling combination of enhanced optical properties and chemical robustness makes CsPbX3 nanocrystals appealing for optoelectronic applications, particularly for blue and green spectral regions (410–530 nm), where typical metal chalcogenide-based quantum dots suffer from photodegradation.
Involvement of Insulin-Like Peptide in Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Memory of the Pond Snail Lymnaea stagnalis

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is capable of learning taste aversion and consolidating this learning into long-term memory (LTM) that is called conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Previous studies showed that some molluscan insulin-related peptides (MIPs) were upregulated in snails exhibiting CTA. We thus hypothesized that MIPs play an important role in neurons underlying the CTA–LTM consolidation process. To examine this hypothesis, we first observed the distribution of MIP II, a major peptide of MIPs, and MIP receptor and determined the amounts of their mRNAs in the CNS. MIP II was only observed in the light green cells in the cerebral ganglia, but the MIP receptor was distributed throughout the entire CNS, including the buccal ganglia. Next, when we applied exogenous mammalian insulin, secretions from MIP-containing cells or partially purified MIPs, to the isolated CNS, we observed a long-term change in synaptic efficacy (i.e., enhancement) of the synaptic connection between the cerebral giant cell (a key interneuron for CTA) and the B1 motor neuron (a buccal motor neuron). This synaptic enhancement was blocked by application of an insulin receptor antibody to the isolated CNS. Finally, injection of the insulin receptor antibody into the snail before CTA training, while not blocking the acquisition of taste aversion learning, blocked the memory consolidation process; thus, LTM was not observed. These data suggest that MIPs trigger changes in synaptic connectivity that may be correlated with the consolidation of taste aversion learning into CTA–LTM in the Lymnaea CNS.
Quaternary normal and reverse faulting and the state of stress in the central Andes of south Peru

Field studies in the Andes of southern Peru show that in the High Andes and Pacific Lowlands, Quaternary and Recent faults are normal. This extensional tectonics postdates compressional deformations of Pliocene-early Quaternary age. In the sub-Andes the observed deformations are compressional; they affect early Quaternary deposits. Some of the faults separate Quaternary deposits from the bedrock and thus are clearly of tectonic origin and not landslide effects. Striations on the fault planes indicate N–S trending extension in the High Andes and Pacific Lowlands. The total amount of crustal stretching is small, probably of the order of 1% during the last 1–2 m.y. In the sub-Andes, folds and faults affecting Neogene and early Quaternary deposits result from N–S shortening. Nevertheless, it is supposed that this N-S shortening is of early quaternary age. The present-day compression probably strikes E-W, judging from focal mechanisms in the sub-Andes of central Peru, southern Bolivia, and northwest Argentina. Data from structural analysis of faults and from earthquake focal mechanisms allow us to surmise the state of stress in the Andes of southern Peru. The High Andes and Pacific Lowlands, subjected to N-S trending extension, are bounded by two zones of E-W trending compression: the sub-Andes to the east, and the contact between the convergent Nazca and South America plates to the west. In our model the maximum horizontal compressive stress trajectory σ Hmax is roughly parallel with the E-W convergence between the two plates; σ Hmax corresponds to σ 1, in the sub-Andes and to σ 2 in the High Andes. The latter situation is caused by the elevated mass of the High Andes, where σ zz (the vertical stress) is inferred to be σ 1. Thus the third principal stress axis, being orthogonal to the other two axes, it is oriented N-S, allowing extension to occur in that direction. On the other hand, in the sub-Andes σ zz is σ 3, and horizontal E-W shortening occurs. The state of stress in the Andean continental crust above the 30° dipping slab appears to be different from that in the Andes of Central Peru situated above the flat subducting segment. In this region, compressional deformantion affect a wider part of the Cordillera.
Critical Failure Factors in ERP Implementation

This study firstly examines the current literature concerning ERP implementation problems during implementation phases and causes of ERP implementation failure. A multiple case study research methodology was adopted to understand "why" and "how" these ERP systems could not be implemented successfully. Different stakeholders (including top management, project manager, project team members and ERP consultants) from these case studies were interviewed, and EPP implementation documents were reviewed for triangulation. An ERP life cycle framework was applied to study the ERP implementation process and the associated problems in each phase of ERP implementation. Fourteen critical failure factors were identified and analyzed, and three common critical failure factors (poor consultant effectiveness, project management effectiveness and poo555ir quality of business process re-engineering) were examined and discussed Future research on ERP implementation and critical failure factors is discussed It is hoped that this research will help to bridge the current literature gap and provide practical advice for both academics and practitioners.
North-east Atlantic Neogene benthic foraminiferal faunas: tracers of deep-water palaeoceanography

Summary The qualitative and quantitative composition of deep-sea benthic foraminiferal faunas from DSDP Sites 400 (4399 m), 552 (2301 m), 553 (2329 m), 554 (2576 m), and 555 (1659 m) in the north-eastern North Atlantic have undergone strong changes during the past 27 Ma, very probably reflecting changes in the deep oceanic environment. Throughout this time interval the faunas of the deepest site (400) were distinctly different from the faunas of the shallower sites, indicating a persistent depth stratification of the deep water masses. The strongest qualitative faunal change occurred during the middle Miocene, about 15–13 Ma ago, when at all depths several species that had persisted since the Oligocene became extinct, several new species appeared for the first time, and the quantitative faunal composition of all sites changed drastically. This change is thought to be indicative of the (re-)initiation of North Atlantic Deep Water formation, and occurred at the same time as the rapid growth of the Antarctic ice sheet and a strong change in the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of deep sea foraminifers worldwide. At the shallower and intermediate sites, the composition of benthic faunas changed again about 6.5–7 Ma ago, a change that also affected several key species at the abyssal site as well. This change was probably caused by the closure of the Mediterranean, the Messinian Crisis. The introduction of a new ‘shallow water’ species into the bathyal and upper abyssal sites, as well as a change in dominance in the deep abyss at 2.5 Ma, signifies the onset of modern glacial conditions.
Improvements in the global biospheric record from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)

Results are provided of a project to derive improved products from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data record for land investigations. As part of this project, a prototype AVHRR processing system has been developed. This paper describes the different components of this system, which include radiometric in-flight vicarious calibration for the visible and near infrared channels, geometric correction and atmospheric correction as pre-processing steps. The processed data are then stored in a new intermediate data format, which enables flexible compositing approaches. The system generates surface reflectance and vegetation index products as well as new higher order products of reflectance at 3.75 mum and active fires. A comparison of a significant sample of data with widely used precursor AVHRR products is presented to evaluate the processing chain and the improvements it provides.
Complications After Endoscopic Laryngopharyngeal Surgery

Endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery (ELPS), a hybrid of head and neck surgery and gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment, has been attracting attention as a new therapeutic modality for superficial laryngopharyngeal cancers. Although this technique is less invasive than traditional open procedures, some complications including postoperative bleeding, subcutaneous emphysema, or aspiration pneumonia can occur after treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the complications associated with ELPS to better understand the indications for this procedure.
Unique Features of High-Density Lipoproteins in the Japanese: In Population and in Genetic Factors

Despite its gradual increase in the past several decades, the prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease is low in Japan. This is largely attributed to difference in lifestyle, especially food and dietary habits, and it may be reflected in certain clinical parameters. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, a strong counter risk for atherosclerosis, are indeed high among the Japanese. Accordingly, lower HDL seems to contribute more to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) than an increase in non-HDL lipoproteins at a population level in Japan. Interestingly, average HDL levels in Japan have increased further in the past two decades, and are markedly higher than in Western populations. The reasons and consequences for public health of this increase are still unknown. Simulation for the efficacy of raising HDL cholesterol predicts a decrease in CHD of 70% in Japan, greater than the extent by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicted by simulation or achieved in a statin trial. On the other hand, a substantial portion of hyperalphalipoproteinemic population in Japan is accounted for by genetic deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is also commonly unique in East Asian populations. It is still controversial whether CETP mutations are antiatherogenic. Hepatic Schistosomiasis is proposed as a potential screening factor for historic accumulation of CETP deficiency in East Asia.
Evaluating the Role of CSR and SLO in Ecotourism: Collaboration for Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Arctic Resources

Abstract: Major biophysical, economic, and political changes in the Arctic regions during the past two decades has grown business opportunities in the Arctic countries, such as tourism. More specifically, with a focus on sustainability of resources, the industry of ecotourism has emerged and become the fastest growing area within tourism. Ecotourism is a travel experience that embraces environmental conservation and the sustainability of local resources and culture. Ecotourism and related businesses must practice ethical behavior to obtain both government and social permission to conduct and carry out their operations. Government and community acceptance, or gaining a social license to operate (SLO) is key. Being accepted as a part of the community is not a formal agreement or document, but ongoing negotiations, practices, and acts of corporate social responsibility (CSR). For example, in many Arctic regions where tourism occurs, the land and resources have other designated uses such as agriculture, forestry, or fisheries. Added infrastructure grows a smaller community, as revenue generating opportunities bring an influx of people and use the resources and infrastructure, as well as have an impact on the local culture and traditions. Sustaining the local and traditional resources and lands, especially in the Arctic where damage can be unrepairable, becomes a key factor in decisions regarding tourism developments. Thus, the need for responsible businesses with a sustainability focus. The need for practices of CSR and SLO in ecotourism is undeniable. Understanding that businesses hold responsibility and play a role in society, the environment, and the life of the locals is very important.
RNA Polymerase II Transcription in Murine Cells Lacking the TATA Binding Protein

Inactivation of the murine TATA binding protein (TBP) gene by homologous recombination leads to growth arrest and apoptosis at the embryonic blastocyst stage. However, after loss of TBP, RNA polymerase II (pol II) remains in a transcriptionally active phosphorylation state, and in situ run-on experiments showed high levels of pol II transcription comparable to those of wild-type cells. In contrast, pol I and pol III transcription was arrested. Our results show a differential dependency of the RNA polymerases on TBP and provide evidence for TBP-independent pol II transcriptional mechanisms that allow reinitiation and maintenance of gene transcription in vivo.
A Walcottella-like bradoriid (Arthropoda) from the lower Cambrian of Sweden

Abstract A probable new bradoriid genus and species, represented by a single specimen, is described tentatively as Walcottella? aff. apicalis Ulrich & Bassler from lower Cambrian strata of Sweden. The specimen comes from the Bergmyrhobben section west of Storuman in Västerbotten County, northern Sweden. It was found in mudstone in the lower part of the Grammajukku Formation, co-occurring with a rich acritarch assemblage of the Skiagia ornata-Fimbriaglomerella membranacea acritarch Zone that corresponds to the Schmidtiellus trilobite Zone. The specimen represents one of the oldest bradoriids known from the paleocontinent Baltica. Characteristics of the specimen are a dorsomedian to mid-dorsal acuminate nod and a flattened shell border along the free margin, the latter feature unknown from other bradoriid taxa. The specimen occurs at the same level where the first trilobites were found in the investigated section. The biogeographic affinities of the Baltic bradoriid genera to the bradoriid fauna of Avalonia, western Gondwana and Laurentia are reviewed and discussed.