Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dichotomous development of the organic anion transport protein in liver and choroid plexus

Angeletti, Ruth Hogue, Ari J. Bergwerk, Phyllis M. Novikoff, and Allan W. Wolkoff. Dichotomous development of the organic anion transport protein in liver and choroid plexus. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Cell Physiol. 44): C882–C887, 1998. —Both adult liver and choroid plexus express the organic anion transport protein (oatp1) and transport [35S]bromosulfophthalein (BSP). Studies of the developing rat liver reveal that oatp1 mRNA and protein do not begin to be expressed until 15 days postnatal and are at adult levels by 30 days. Uptake of [35S]BSP follows the same time course. In contrast, neonatal rat choroid plexus expresses oatp1 mRNA and protein. When quantified on a weight basis, the uptake of [35S]BSP in choroid plexus is lower in the adult than at earlier stages of development. Although fluorescence confocal microscopy of adult rat choroid plexus shows that oatp is localized to the apical surface, facing the cerebrospinal fluid, this method reveals an intracellular localization of oatp1 in the neonate. Approximately 12 wk are required for the appearance of the adult pattern of distribution. Changes in the localization and activity of oatp1 during development could play an important role in the pathobiology of maturation of the liver and the central nervous system.
Midcareer Entrants to Teaching

This study uses an innovative methodology and six waves of Schools and Staffing Survey data spanning two decades (1988-2008) to assess the potential of midcareer entrants—teachers who enter the profession from careers outside of education—to diversify teaching, staff public schools, and fill vacancies in high-need subjects. We find that the percentage of midcareer entrants among first-year teachers nearly doubled between 1988 and 2008 and that midcareer entrants comprise more than one third of incoming public school teachers. Despite this influx, midcareer entrants have not substantially diversified the teaching workforce. These findings have implications for teacher preparation, induction, and policies aimed at diversifying teaching.
The quality and effectiveness of confirmation classes in Finland

Every year some 90% of 15‐year‐olds in Finland attend confirmation classes in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, which is greater than the percentage of that age group belonging to the Church. What is behind the popularity of Finnish confirmation classes? This article scrutinizes the quality and effectiveness of confirmation classes. Classes and their quality are approached from three angles: (1) equivalence of confirmation expectations and experiences; (2) participants’ satisfaction; 3) effectiveness of confirmation classes. As its theoretical basis the study leans on the quality of service thinking typically used in market research. The study is based on questionnaire data gathered from young people (n = 1109–1322) before and after participating in confirmation classes. Response rates were 90 and 76%. The findings of the study show that there is no contradiction between the three perspectives of the quality of confirmation classes: those classes for which satisfaction was reported and in which expectations and experiences were fulfilled or exceeded were also those which had the most positive effects on attitudes to Christianity.
Enhanced GABAA Receptor‐Mediated Activity Following Activation of NMDA Receptors in Cajal‐Retzius Cells in the Developing Mouse Neocortex

Cajal‐Retzius (CR) cells are among the earliest generated population of neurons in the developing neocortex and have been implicated in regulating cortical lamination. In rodents, CR cells are transient, being present only up to 2–3 weeks after birth. Although previous electrophysiological studies have demonstrated the presence of NMDA and GABAA receptors in CR cells, little is known about the functional properties of these receptors. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp techniques in neocortical slices, we confirmed the presence of D‐aminophosphonovaleric acid (APV)‐ and ifenprodil‐sensitive NMDA receptors, and found that the functional expression of this receptor subtype is strain specific. The NMDA‐induced response was consistently accompanied by overriding current transients that were blocked by APV and ifenprodil. In addition, bicuculline readily abolished these transients without affecting the NMDA‐induced current response. The generation of these overriding current transients was dependent upon intracellular Ca2+ and was prevented by dialysis with the high‐affinity Ca2+‐chelator BAPTA. Overall, this study uncovered a synergistic interaction between these receptors, whereby activation of NMDA receptors leads to enhanced GABAA receptor‐mediated activity through a Ca2+‐dependent mechanism.
A Provably Secure Two-Party Attribute-Based Key Agreement Protocol

In this paper, we present a two-party attribute-based key agreement protocol, which is secure in random oracle model under the Bilinear Diffe-Hellman assumption. It is inspired by a fuzzy identity-based encryption scheme first proposed by Sahai and Waters. The attribute-based key agreement scheme is a new type of identity-based key agreement scheme, in which we can view identity as a set of descriptive attributes. Our scheme not only preserves the advantages of traditional identity-based key agreement protocol, but also provides some new properties, such as hiding the identity information of the individual, increasing the flexibility of key management.
Light Verb Constructions in the SzegedParalellFX English–Hungarian Parallel Corpus

In this paper, we describe the first English-Hungarian parallel corpus annotated for light verb constructions, which contains 14,261 sentence alignment units. Annotation principles and statistical data on the corpus are also provided, and English and Hungarian data are contrasted. On the basis of corpus data, a database containing pairs of English-Hungarian light verb constructions has been created as well. The corpus and the database can contribute to the automatic detection of light verb constructions and it is also shown how they can enhance performance in several fields of NLP (e.g. parsing, information extraction/retrieval and machine translation).
P-Cadherin Is Up-Regulated by the Antiestrogen ICI 182,780 and Promotes Invasion of Human Breast Cancer Cells

P-cadherin expression in breast carcinomas has been associated with tumors of high histologic grade and lacking estrogen receptor-α, suggesting a link between these proteins. In the MCF-7/AZ breast cancer cell line, blocking estrogen receptor-α signaling with the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 induced an increase of P-cadherin, which coincided with induction of in vitro invasion. Retroviral transduction of MCF-7/AZ cells, as well as HEK 293T cells, showed the proinvasive activity of P-cadherin, which requires the juxtamembrane domain of its cytoplasmic tail. This study establishes a direct link between P-cadherin expression and the lack of estrogen receptor-α signaling in breast cancer cells and suggests a role for P-cadherin in invasion, through its interaction with proteins bound to the juxtamembrane domain.
‘Give me air not shelter’: critical tales of a policy case of student re-engagement from beyond school

This paper tackles what is arguably one of the most pressing and intractable educational issues confronting western democracies – the disengagement and disconnection from schooling of alarming numbers of young people. The paper looks at the policy response in Victoria, Australia, and through ethnographic interviews with a small number of young people; it finds a significant mismatch between the policy intent of re-engagement programmes, and the experiences of young people themselves. It seems that this is an instance of what might be termed policy deafness, a situation that will likely produce devastating consequences unless corrected.
Mental Health Services Seeking in Sexual Assault Victims

Abstract Sexual assault victims experience significant mental health sequelae from being victimized. Despite these psychological symptoms, survivors seek traditional mental health services at low rates. Little research has addressed the potential barriers that may lead to lower rates of mental health service seeking or whether these services in fact help survivors to recover from the psychological impact of sexual assault. This paper reviews literature on sexual assault victimization and mental health service seeking to examine what is currently known. Certain demographic background, assault characteristics, and post-assault factors appear to be related to likelihood of mental health service seeking, yet most studies of correlates of victims' help-seeking have been limited to nonprobability samples. Suggestions for theory, research, and clinical practice are made including longitudinal investigations studying a range of potential mental health support sources and development of innovative mental health services targeting underserved subpopulations.
Molecular Markers Reveal Exclusively Clonal Reproduction in Trichophyton rubrum

ABSTRACT Genotypic variability among 96 Trichophyton rubrumstrains which displayed different colony morphologies and were collected from four continents was investigated. Twelve markers representing 57 loci were analyzed by PCR fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified monomorphic DNA markers. Interestingly, none of the methods used revealed any DNA polymorphism, indicating a strictly clonal mode of reproduction and a strong adaptation to human skin.
Computer-assisted sleep staging

To address the subjectivity in manual scoring of polysomnograms, a computer-assisted sleep staging method is presented in this paper. The method uses the principles of segmentation and self-organization (clustering) based on primitive sleep-related features to find the pseudonatural stages present in the record. Sample epochs of these natural stages are presented to the user, who can classify them according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales (RK) or any other standard. The method then learns from these samples to complete the classification. This step allows the active participation of the operator in order to customize the staging to his/her preferences. The method was developed and tested using 12 records of varying types (normal, abnormal, male, female, varying age groups). Results showed an overall concurrence of 80.6% with manual scoring of 20-s epochs according to RK standard. The greatest amount of errors occurred in the identification of the highly transitional Stage 1, 54% of which was misclassified into neighboring stages 2 or Wake.
A cross‐cultural perspective of self‐leadership

Purpose – Seeks to understand how differences in national cultures impact on the understanding and meaning of the concept of self‐leadership and its application.Design/methodology/approach – First, research at the intersection of culture and leadership and Hofstede's culture framework are reviewed. Then the main components of self‐leadership theory are introduced, and how Hofstede's framework can be used to re‐analyze them given differences across cultures is discussed.Findings – While self‐leadership remains, in general, a valid concept, its understanding and application is likely to differ across cultures. Specifically, high power distance raises the importance of the symbolic value of tasks and correspondent covert processes of self‐leadership, high uncertainty avoidance makes more explicit the importance of non‐rational and intuition‐based thought processes, collectivism shows the relevance of social relations, femininity reiterates the importance of social relations and non‐rational processes, and lo.
The Relationship of Selected Visual- Perceptual Abilities to School Learning

DONALD D. HAMMILL, Ed.D. Austin, Texas The relationship between certain visualperceptual abilities and school learning has long been a source of interest to educators, many of whom have speculated that deficits in visual perception may cause or, at least, contribute to academic failure. Historically, this assumption has been based upon the clinical experience of various members of the educational community as well as upon some basic research (Barrett, 1965; Bryan, 1964; Frostig & Maslow, 1969; Goins, 1958; Kephart, 1971; Pitcher-Baker, 1973; Rosen, 1966; Wepman, 1964). While visual perception and, in particular, its relationship to school learning have received much attention in professional journals, the educational usefulness of this important theoretical construct has never been fully substantiated. In fact, recent opinion and research have seriously questioned its relevance as a practical correlate of learning failure (Cohen, 1969; Hammill, 1972; Mann, 1970). It is important to note, however, that many school systems throughout the country are still committing large numbers of man hours
Adolescent Bereavement

The long-term effects of bereavement were assessed 7 to 9 years after death by interviews with 31 adolescent siblings from 21 families who participated in a longitudinal study of home carefor children with cancer. Categorical analysis of the semistructured interviews revealed that the majority of the adolescents viewed the experience as having fostered their personal or family growth. However, about I in 6 regarded the effects of a sibling death as continuing to have a negative impact on their lives. Factors associated with a more positive outlook were good communication in the family, ability to share the death experience with others, expression of pleasure in sibling's company, and reliance on the family for emotional support. Factors associated with a more negative outlook were withdrawal from family interaction, inability to use the family as a source of support, and difficulty in discussing one's experience with death.
Enhancing organizational goal congruence: A solution to organizational politics.

Results of moderated multiple regression analyses on data collected from 979 workers in 5 organizations confirmed the hypothesis that supervisor-subordinate goal congruence would moderate the relationship between organizational politics and organizational commitment. Similar analyses on data collected from 366 workers in 2 of those organizations provided partial support for the second hypothesis that goal congruence would also moderate the relationship between organizational politics and job performance. Perceptions of politics were more strongly related to expressions of commitment and supervisorrated performance among individuals who did not share the priorities of their supervisors than among those whose goal priorities were consistent with those of their supervisors. Results suggest that supervisors and managers can help their employees cope with politics by making efforts to ensure that they share their goal priorities.
Romantic Love

Eva Illouz describes romantic love as the ‘‘cultural core of modernity’’; a means of measuring our self-worth, an ‘‘anchor for recognition, the perception and constitution of one’s worth . the central link—in the long chain of interaction rituals’’ (p. 120). The problem is, however, the search for love is littered with ‘‘a long and loud litany of moans and groans’’ (p. 3). In Why Love Hurts Illouz wants to provide a sociological explanation to this question. She argues that throughout the twentieth century romantic misery has been framed as a psychological discourse and therefore as a ‘‘disorganization’’ of the body and of the mind, attributable to a flawed and weak self. The goal of the book then is to ‘‘shift the angle of analysis’’ from ‘‘dysfunctional childhoods’’ or ‘‘insufficiently aware psyches,’’ to the way that society and culture have come to ‘‘structure modern selves and identities’’ (p. 4). Taking this approach, Illouz organizes her argument around a number of key structures to examine the causes of romantic misery in late modernity. One source of romantic pain is the contemporary marriage market (Chapter Two). Unlike marriage in other epochs and in other traditions, ours (Western capitalist societies) is a ‘‘self-regulated market of encounters’’ (p. 41) where the competition has become more intense and more generalized, and where choice is, at least outwardly, governed by subjective factors such as personal taste, physical attractiveness and personality. How well one does on the marriage market is therefore linked to how well one does on the sexual market. Both the marriage and the sexual market play out differently for men and women, and more generally disadvantage women in a number of ways. Possibly the most important of these is the way in which commitment is sought and interpreted. Marriage and family are less sought after because they are no longer sites of male control and domination (p. 75). Instead men compete and assert their status by how well they succeed in the sexual market (p. 73). As such, men want to stay in the sexual market for as long as possible. For women however, their time in the sexual market is shorter: they enter it later because of career goals and leave it earlier because of the prevalence of sexiness and other strict criteria of beauty closely tied to age, and biological factors affecting reproduction (pp. 76–78). Women are also disadvantaged in love by the way in which recognition and commitment get trumped by autonomy (Chapter Four). In modernity, autonomy is a goal for both men and women. Illouz argues however, that men, have not only ‘‘internalized’’ the discourse of autonomy, but can practice it more readily and for a longer period of time (p. 136). These differences are also played out in the phenomenon of commitment phobia (Chapter Three). While nineteenth century masculinity was defined in terms of the capacity to feel strong emotions and keep promises, the central motif of twenty-first century relationships is that Why Love Hurts: A Sociological Explanation, by Eva Illouz. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2012. 293pp. $16.95 paper. ISBN: 9780745671079.
Private approximation of NP-hard functions

The notion of <italic>private approximation</italic> was introduced recently by Feigenbaum, Fong, Strauss and Wright. Informally, a private approximation of a function <italic>f</italic> is another function <italic>F</italic> that approximates <italic>f</italic> in the usual sense, but does not yield any information on <italic>x</italic> other than what can be deduced from <italic>f(x)</italic>. As such, <italic>F(x)</italic> is useful for private computation of <italic>f(x)</italic> (assuming that <italic>F</italic> can be computed more efficiently than <italic>f</italic>. In this work we examine the properties and limitations of this new notion. Specifically, we show that for many NP-hard problems, the privacy requirement precludes non-trivial approximation. This is the case even for problems that otherwise admit very good approximation (e.g., problems with PTAS). On the other hand, we show that slightly relaxing the privacy requirement, by means of leaking “just a few bits of informationrdquo; about <italic>x</italic>, again permits good approximation.
Social robot tutoring for child second language learning

An increasing amount of research is being conducted to determine how a robot tutor should behave socially in educational interactions with children. Both human-human and human-robot interaction literature predicts an increase in learning with increased social availability of a tutor, where social availability has verbal and nonverbal components. Prior work has shown that greater availability in the nonverbal behaviour of a robot tutor has a positive impact on child learning. This paper presents a study with 67 children to explore how social aspects of a tutor robot's speech influences their perception of the robot and their language learning in an interaction. Children perceive the difference in social behaviour between `low' and `high' verbal availability conditions, and improve significantly between a pre- and a post-test in both conditions. A longer-term retention test taken the following week showed that the children had retained almost all of the information they had learnt. However, learning was not affected by which of the robot behaviours they had been exposed to. It is suggested that in this short-term interaction context, additional effort in developing social aspects of a robot's verbal behaviour may not return the desired positive impact on learning gains.
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Heart Rate Dynamics Is an Important Prognostic Factor in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis

Background and Objectives Patients with severe kidney function impairment often have autonomic dysfunction, which could be evaluated noninvasively by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Nonlinear HRV parameters such as detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) has been demonstrated to be an important outcome predictor in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Whether cardiac autonomic dysfunction measured by DFA is also a useful prognostic factor in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was designed to test the hypothesis. Materials and Methods Patients with ESRD receiving PD were included for the study. Twenty-four hour Holter monitor was obtained from each patient together with other important traditional prognostic makers such as underlying diseases, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and serum biochemistry profiles. Short-term (DFAα1) and long-term (DFAα2) DFA as well as other linear HRV parameters were calculated. Results A total of 132 patients (62 men, 72 women) with a mean age of 53.7±12.5 years were recruited from July 2007 to March 2009. During a median follow-up period of around 34 months, eight cardiac and six non-cardiac deaths were observed. Competing risk analysis demonstrated that decreased DFAα1 was a strong prognostic predictor for increased cardiac and total mortality. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of DFAα1 (<0.95) to predict mortality was 0.761 (95% confidence interval (CI). = 0.617–0.905). DFAα1≧ 0.95 was associated with lower cardiac mortality (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.062, 95% CI = 0.007–0.571, P = 0.014) and total mortality (HR = 0.109, 95% CI = 0.033–0.362, P = 0.0003). Conclusion Cardiac autonomic dysfunction evaluated by DFAα1 is an independent predictor for cardiac and total mortality in patients with ESRD receiving PD.