Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drosophila E-cadherin is required for the maintenance of ring canals anchoring to mechanically withstand tissue growth

Significance This work addresses the interplay among membrane trafficking, cell adhesion, and tissue integrity maintenance in the Drosophila female germline. The clathrin adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) complex is shown to regulate the trafficking of E-cadherin to ring canals (RCs), a structure resulting from incomplete cytokinesis and allowing intercellular communication. E-cadherin assembles adhesive clusters that, as revealed by EM analyses, organize a dense microvilli meshwork wrapping around RCs. Although dispensable for RC biogenesis and maturation, AP-1 and E-cadherin are required to maintain RCs’ anchoring to the plasma membrane at the onset of vitellogenesis, when cells experience exponential growth and increased mechanical stress. Our study unravels a previously unidentified function for E-cadherin in maintaining RC anchoring to the plasma membrane. Intercellular bridges called “ring canals” (RCs) resulting from incomplete cytokinesis play an essential role in intercellular communication in somatic and germinal tissues. During Drosophila oogenesis, RCs connect the maturing oocyte to nurse cells supporting its growth. Despite numerous genetic screens aimed at identifying genes involved in RC biogenesis and maturation, how RCs anchor to the plasma membrane (PM) throughout development remains unexplained. In this study, we report that the clathrin adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) complex, although dispensable for the biogenesis of RCs, is required for the maintenance of the anchorage of RCs to the PM to withstand the increased membrane tension associated with the exponential tissue growth at the onset of vitellogenesis. Here we unravel the mechanisms by which AP-1 enables the maintenance of RCs’ anchoring to the PM during size expansion. We show that AP-1 regulates the localization of the intercellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin and that loss of AP-1 causes the disappearance of the E-cadherin–containing adhesive clusters surrounding the RCs. E-cadherin itself is shown to be required for the maintenance of the RCs’ anchorage, a function previously unrecognized because of functional compensation by N-cadherin. Scanning block-face EM combined with transmission EM analyses reveals the presence of interdigitated, actin- and Moesin-positive, microvilli-like structures wrapping the RCs. Thus, by modulating E-cadherin trafficking, we show that the sustained E-cadherin–dependent adhesion organizes the microvilli meshwork and ensures the proper attachment of RCs to the PM, thereby counteracting the increasing membrane tension induced by exponential tissue growth.
A Formal Usability Constraints Model for Watermarking of Outsourced Datasets

The large datasets are being mined to extract hidden knowledge and patterns that assist decision makers in making effective, efficient, and timely decisions in an ever increasing competitive world. This type of “knowledge-driven” data mining activity is not possible without sharing the “datasets” between their owners and data mining experts (or corporations); as a consequence, protecting ownership (by embedding a watermark) on the datasets is becoming relevant. The most important challenge in watermarking (to be mined) datasets is: how to preserve knowledge in features or attributes? Usually, an owner needs to manually define “Usability constraints” for each type of dataset to preserve the contained knowledge. The major contribution of this paper is a novel formal model that facilitates a data owner to define usability constraints-to preserve the knowledge contained in the dataset-in an automated fashion. The model aims at preserving “classification potential” of each feature and other major characteristics of datasets that play an important role during the mining process of data; as a result, learning statistics and decision-making rules also remain intact. We have implemented our model and integrated it with a new watermark embedding algorithm to prove that the inserted watermark not only preserves the knowledge contained in a dataset but also significantly enhances watermark security compared with existing techniques. We have tested our model on 25 different data-mining datasets to show its efficacy, effectiveness, and the ability to adapt and generalize.
Scaling violations in inclusive e + e - annihilation spectra

The origin of the observed scaling violations in inclusive e+e- annihilation is investigated. Perturbative jet evolution is not necessarily the only reason for scale breaking in the hadron spectra at present energies. Remnants of finite-transverse-momentum and mass effects are still important in nonperturbative, cascade-type, jet formation in the 10 GeV range. Heavy-quark fragmentation has a strong impact on hadronic inclusive spectra. A simple parametrization for the heavy-quark fragmentation function is given which describes well recently measured charmed-meson spectra. Taking these effects into account, good agreement with the observed scaling violations is obtained in cascade-type jet models with hard-gluon bremsstrahlung.
Can training zoo-housed primates compromise their conservation? A case study using Abyssinian colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza)

Abstract In this study we tested the hypothesis that the process of training a non-human primate (NHP) affects it's general behavior patterns, outside of training. A group of Abyssinian colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza, n = 8), housed at Paignton Zoo, UK, were observed for four 12-day periods. Behaviors were noted prior to training, using positive reinforcement to achieve oral examinations, and each month for three months after training had started. These data were used to construct daily activity budgets and investigate social behaviors (both colobus–colobus and colobus–human). A comparison of these data (using doubly repeated measures MANOVAs) showed activity budget (F(3,3) = 9.8, λ = 0.4, p < 0.001) and colobus-initiated interactions with people (F(3,2) = 16.6, λ = 0.3, p < 0.001) differed significantly across the four observation periods. Resting behavior was negatively correlated with feeding behavior (Pearson: n = 56, r = -0.25, p < 0.05); this relationship was considered to be independent of the onset of training. The significant decline in colobus-initiated interactions with the public appeared to be a direct result of the training. The results in this study showed that the implementation of training reduced colobus–human interactions. Two reasons are suggested in this paper to account for these unexpected results; either or both of these explanations may be true. The increased level of keeper–colobus interactions necessary for training may have acted to socialize the colobus to humans, so that they habituated to the general presence of humans. Equally, the training sessions may have provided the colobus with predictable interactions with humans that provided rewards, outside of which colobus-initiated interactions were not worthwhile. Training in this situation was found to be beneficial for the colobus and did not adversely affect the behavior of the colobus outside of the training sessions. It is concluded that caution should be taken when instigating training as part of captive primate management, due to species differences and the paucity of studies that have quantified the impact of training on zoo primate biology. What is greatly needed is more studies which are able to empirically compare the biology (behavior and physiology) of zoo housed primates before and after training has been implemented.
When Do People Rely on Affective and Cognitive Feelings in Judgment? A Review

Although people have been shown to rely on feelings to make judgments, the conditions that moderate this reliance have not been systematically reviewed and conceptually integrated. This article addresses this gap by jointly reviewing moderators of the reliance on both subtle affective feelings and cognitive feelings of ease-of-retrieval. The review revealed that moderators of the reliance on affective and cognitive feelings are remarkably similar and can be grouped into five major categories: (a) the salience of the feelings, (b) the representativeness of the feelings for the target, (c) the relevance of the feelings to the judgment, (d) the evaluative malleability of the judgment, and (e) the level of processing intensity. Based on the reviewed evidence, it is concluded that the use of feelings as information is a frequent event and a generally sensible judgmental strategy rather than a constant source of error. Avenues for future research are discussed.
Substantial underreporting of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry

Abstract Background: The causes and effects of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection are difficult to study in small samples and have thus been evaluated using large population-based national registries. To assess the accuracy of such research, registries should be validated continuously. Material and methods: Patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer during 2007–2013 in 15 different hospitals in three healthcare regions in Sweden were included in the study. Registry data and information from patient records were retrieved. Registered anastomotic leakage within 30 postoperative days was evaluated, using all available registry data and using only the main variable anastomotic insufficiency. With the consensus definition of anastomotic leakage developed by the International Study Group on Rectal Cancer as reference, validity measures were calculated. Results: Some 1507 patients were included in the study. The negative and positive predictive values for registered anastomotic leakage were 96 and 88%, respectively, while the κ-value amounted to 0.76. The false-negative rate was 29%, whereas the false-positive rate reached 1.3% (the vast majority consisting of actual leaks, but occurring after postoperative day 30). Using the main variable anastomotic insufficiency only, the false-negative rate rose to 41%. Conclusions: There is considerable underreporting of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. It is probable that this causes an underestimation of the true effects of leakage on patient outcomes, and further quality control is needed.
The use of flipped classrooms to stimulate students' participation in an academic course in Initial Teacher Education

This article discusses the use of flipped classrooms in the academic course ‘Philosophy of science and research methods’ in Initial Teacher Education. A socio-cultural perspective on learning was the theoretical foundation for the design of the flipped classroom, where the aims were to stimulate students’ participation and engagement in the course. Students reported that the combination of online lectures and writing mandatory texts – as a way of preparing for group and plenary discussions on campus – had, to some extent, stimulated greater involvement in the teaching and learning processes. How meaningful the group work on campus was perceived to be varied among the participants, and a critical factor seemed to be the way groups were organised on campus. Variation in modalities was highlighted among the students. They also pointed to this way of organising teaching and learning processes as relevant to their future teaching practices.
Characteristics of Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients with Early-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Disruptive Behavior

The main aim of this study was to identify factors that diagnosticians in clinical practice can use to differentiate between adolescents on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited pathways of antisocial behavior. In epidemiological research these subtypes could not be distinguished based on their disruptive behavior. Because this differentiation is important for choice of treatment for adolescent psychiatric inpatients with severe disruptive behavior, the purpose of the present study was to identify easily measurable characteristics present in adolescence that are associated with the pathways. Male and female adolescent psychiatric inpatients were divided into either early-onset (EO) (n = 134) or adolescent-onset (AO) (n = 69) disruptive behavior, based on the age at which professional care was required for disruptive behavior, referral to special education occurred, or criminal offences were first committed. The groups differed on several characteristics. No gender differences were found in these characteristics. Logistic regression analysis indicated that males with a history of physical abuse, who were referred by a youth care facility had the highest probability of being member of the EO group. These characteristics are reasonably easy to identify, may apply to other clinical samples as well, and may help clinicians to target their treatment.
The Social Impact of Majorities and Minorities.

Previous theorizing about social influence processes has led to the emergence of two research traditions, each focusing on only a subset of influence situations. Research on conformity looks at the influence of the majority on a passive minority, whereas research on innovation considers the influence of active minorities on a silent majority. In the present article, we review these two lines of research, as well as some recent evidence, from the perspective of a new theory of social impact. This theory views social influence as resulting from forces operating in a social force field and proposes that influence by either a majority or a minority will be a multiplicative function of the strength, immediacy, and number of its members. Social impact theory offers a general model of social influence processes that integrates previous theoretical formulations and empirical findings and accounts for the reciprocal influence of majorities and minorities. By viewing social influence as a unitary concept, social impact theory permits comparisons between conformity and innovation and predicts the relative magnitude of their effects.
Reflections on the Teaching of Evidence-Based Practice

As the process of evidence-based practice (EBP) gains a foothold in the curricula of schools of social work and the various helping professions, instructors have been encountering a unique set of challenges. On one hand, educators must develop new curricula to convey material that is often complex and is, even in its most advanced state, still in its infancy. On the other hand, instructors may find themselves in the awkward position of challenging traditional classroom material and entrenched practices. This article offers a supplement to EBP texts by practically discussing some of the philosophical tenets of EBP, suggesting steps to enhance the learning environment, offering instructional supports, and identifying a common set of pitfalls and some suggested solutions.
Hypoxia-induced elevation in interleukin-8 expression by human ovarian carcinoma cells.

The expression level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) directly correlates with the progression of human ovarian carcinomas implanted into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, but the mechanism of induction is unknown. Because hypoxia induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, which, like IL-8, is an angiogenesis-regulating molecule, we determined whether hypoxic conditions could regulate the expression of IL-8. Surgical specimens of human ovarian carcinomas were prepared for immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analysis. Elevated levels of IL-8 mRNA and protein were found in tumor cells adjacent to necrotic zones. In vitro exposure of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV3 i.p.1 and Hey-A8 to hypoxia resulted in a time-dependent increase in steady-state levels of IL-8 mRNA (Northern blot) and in increased production and secretion of IL-8 protein (ELISA). Hypoxia-mediated transient induction of IL-8 expression could be ascribed to both an increase in IL-8 mRNA stability and transcriptional activation of the IL-8 gene promoter. Detailed functional analysis of the IL-8 promoter revealed that the sequence between -133 and -98 bp relative to the transcription initiation site was primarily responsible for IL-8 gene transcriptional activation by hypoxia. Point-mutated luciferase reporter studies indicated that AP-1 and NF-kappaB-like factor binding elements were mainly responsible for hypoxia-induced increase in IL-8 gene expression in human ovarian cancer cells, and that IL-8 transcription activation by hypoxia required the cooperation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding sites.
Attachment to Parents, Social Support Expectations, and Socioemotional Adjustment During the High School-College Transition

The 2 objectives of this study were the following: (a) to evaluate individual variations in table of contents' perceived security to parents, social support expectations, and socioemotional adjustment during the high school-college transition, and (b) to test whether perceived security to parents predicts changes in support expectations and socioemotional adjustment across the transition. A unique aspect of this study was the comparison between adolescents who left home to attend college and those who did not. On 2 occasions, 298 adolescents were met: at the end of high school and during the first semester in college. Perceived security to parents showed high test-retest correlation stability, significantly more than did perceptions of social support and emotional adjustment. During the transition, the adolescents who had left their families to attend college experienced improved means of perceived security, decreased perceptions of social support, and increased feelings of loneliness and social anxiety.
Perceptions of Transformational Leadership among Asian Americans and Caucasian Americans: A Level of Analysis Perspective

Executive Summary This study asserted a theoretical framework of transformational leadership and its effects on several process and outcome variables among Asian Americans and Caucasian Americans from a levels of analysis perspective. Nomological relationships among the constructs of interest also were tested. Results indicated that effects of transformational leadership were positive, but generally stronger among Asian Americans than among Caucasian Americans. Results from Within and Between Analysis indicated that variation in perceptions of transformational leadership and other measured variables in the two ethnic groups was mainly due to individual differences. Based on these results, we offer several theoretical and practical implications.
Exhausted Cytotoxic Control of Epstein-Barr Virus in Human Lupus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) pathology has long been associated with an increased Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) seropositivity, viremia and cross-reactive serum antibodies specific for both virus and self. It has therefore been postulated that EBV triggers SLE immunopathology, although the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigate whether frequent peaks of EBV viral load in SLE patients are a consequence of dysfunctional anti-EBV CD8+ T cell responses. Both inactive and active SLE patients (n = 76 and 42, respectively), have significantly elevated EBV viral loads (P = 0.003 and 0.002, respectively) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 29). Interestingly, less EBV-specific CD8+ T cells are able to secrete multiple cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and MIP-1β) in inactive and active SLE patients compared to controls (P = 0.0003 and 0.0084, respectively). Moreover, EBV-specific CD8+ T cells are also less cytotoxic in SLE patients than in controls (CD107a expression: P = 0.0009, Granzyme B release: P = 0.0001). Importantly, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific responses were not found significantly altered in SLE patients. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EBV-specific CD8+ T cell impairment is a consequence of their Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) receptor up-regulation, as blocking this pathway reverses the dysfunctional phenotype. Finally, prospective monitoring of lupus patients revealed that disease flares precede EBV reactivation. In conclusion, EBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in SLE patients are functionally impaired, but EBV reactivation appears to be an aggravating consequence rather than a cause of SLE immunopathology. We therefore propose that autoimmune B cell activation during flares drives frequent EBV reactivation, which contributes in a vicious circle to the perpetuation of immune activation in SLE patients.
Assessment of the Efficacy of L-Lysine Sulfate vis-à-vis L-Lysine Hydrochloride as Sources of Supplemental Lysine in Broiler Chickens

In this study the effects of L-lysine hydrochloride (containing 78.8% available lysine as crystalline lysine) and L-lysine sulfate (containing 51% available lysine in bacterial cell mass) as source of supplemental lysine in broiler chickens was assessed. The basal diet was supplemented with either L-lysine hydrochloride or L-lysine sulfate to meet lysine requirement. Lysine supplementation irrespective of source improved (P < .05) live weight and food conversion. Live weight and food conversion ratio of the L-lysine sulfate group was superior (P < .05) to the L-lysine hydrochloride group. Supplementation of lysine to the basal diet improved breast meat yield (P < .05). Meat protein content and protein accretion increased (P < .01) when L-lysine sulfate was supplemented. Nutrient metabolizability, N retention, protein utilization efficiency and live weight gain : lysine intake ratio also improved (P < .01) with L-lysine sulfate. A fasting trial conducted after the completion of the feeding trial indicated that the birds receiving L-lysine sulfate retained more of their live weight than the control and the L-lysine hydrochloride dietary groups (P < .05). It was concluded that due to the retained bacterial cell mass, L-lysine sulfate may be a superior source of supplemental lysine than L-lysine hydrochloride for broiler chickens.
Changes in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in the acute stage after open heart surgery and at the time of discharge.

INTRODUCTION Stress conditions are known to disturb the axis of growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but there is little data on this topic after open heart surgery. This study aimed to investigate changes in GH/IGF-I axis in adults undergoing open heart surgery. METHODS A total of 162 adult patients admitted for elective major cardiac surgery were studied in a prospective setting. Serum concentrations of GH and IGF-I were measured at four time points: before operation as a baseline, 4 and 12 hours after operation in ICU, and at the time of discharge. Two to 4 venous blood samples were obtained from each patient. To study the changes of GH and IGF-I levels over time, general linear model for repeated measures was applied. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 51.2+/-14.3 years. Compared with preoperative values (median 0.8, range 0.05-19.4 ng/mL), GH levels rose significantly at four (median 3.3, range 0.1-55 ng/mL) and twelve hours after surgery (median 5.45, range 0.55-61.2 ng/mL), and continued to remain high at the time of discharge (median 2.1, range 0.02-22.7 ng/mL) (p<0.05). Conversely, compared with preoperative levels (173.5+/-89.9 ng/mL), IGF-I decreased at four (140.9+/-66.9 ng/mL) and twelve hours after operation (135.9+/-59.9 ng/mL) and reached its nadir on the day of discharge (114.8+/-43.8 ng/mL) (p<0.01). The patterns of changes in GH and IGF-I over time were significantly different (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Adult patients undergoing open heart surgery go through a state of GH resistance characterized by elevated GH and decreased IGF-I levels from the initial hours after operation.