Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OBSESSED WITH WORK: A multi-causal and multi-rater approach to workaholism

Workaholism is defined as the combination of two underlying dimensions: working excessively and working compulsively. The present thesis aims at achieving the following purposes: 1) to test whether the interaction between environmental and personal antecedents may enhance workaholism; 2) to develop a questionnaire aimed to assess overwork climate in the workplace; 3) to contrast focal employees’ and coworkers’ perceptions of employees’ workaholism and engagement. Concerning the first purpose, the interaction between overwork climate and person characteristics (achievement motivation, perfectionism, conscientiousness, self-efficacy) was explored on a sample of 333 Dutch employees. The results of moderated regression analyses showed that the interaction between overwork climate and person characteristics is related to workaholism. The second purpose was pursued with two interrelated studies. In Study 1 the Overwork Climate Scale (OWCS) was developed and tested using a principal component analysis (N = 395) and a confirmatory factor analysis (N = 396). Two overwork climate dimensions were distinguished, overwork endorsement and lacking overwork rewards. In Study 2 the total sample (N = 791) was used to explore the association of overwork climate with two types of working hard: work engagement and workaholism. Lacking overwork rewards was negatively associated with engagement, whereas overwork endorsement showed a positive association with workaholism. Concerning the third purpose, using a sample of 73 dyads composed by focal employees and their coworkers, a multitrait-multimethod matrix and a correlated trait-correlated method model, i.e. the CT-C(M–1) model, were examined. Our results showed a considerable agreement between raters on focal employees' engagement and workaholism. In contrast, we observed a significant difference concerning the cognitive dimension of workaholism, working compulsively. Moreover, we provided further evidence for the discriminant validity between engagement and workaholism. Overall, workaholism appears as a negative work-related state that could be better explained by assuming a multi-causal and multi-rater approach.
Can Twitter Help Predict Firm-Level Earnings and Stock Returns?

ABSTRACT: Prior research has examined how companies exploit Twitter in communicating with investors, and whether Twitter activity predicts the stock market as a whole. We test whether opinions of individuals tweeted just prior to a firm's earnings announcement predict its earnings and announcement returns. Using a broad sample from 2009 to 2012, we find that the aggregate opinion from individual tweets successfully predicts a firm's forthcoming quarterly earnings and announcement returns. These results hold for tweets that convey original information, as well as tweets that disseminate existing information, and are stronger for tweets providing information directly related to firm fundamentals and stock trading. Importantly, our results hold even after controlling for concurrent information or opinion from traditional media sources, and are stronger for firms in weaker information environments. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the aggregate opinion from individual tweets when assessing.
Considerations for the Assessment of Phonology in Second Language Learners Considerations pour I'analyse des systemes phonologiques dans I'apprentissage d'une langue seconde

current Speech-Language Pathology training programs contain only minimal information on second language (L2) learning. This paper is an attempt to fill that void by using contrastive analysis to discuss how phonologic systems interact during the normal L2learn­ ing process. By appreciating normal interactions, clinicians should be better equipped to manage disordered phonologic systems in this population. The discussion is based largely on the four components of the Edwards and Shriberg model of the phonologic system: pho­ neme inventory; allophonic rules; morpheme structure rules and sequential constraints; and morphophonemic rules. In addition, tone­ based structures, timing and stress patterns, fossilized forms, voice quality settings, and dialect issues are examined.
FUS‐immunoreactive inclusions are a common feature in sporadic and non‐SOD1 familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder of motor neuron degeneration. Most cases of ALS are sporadic (SALS), but about 5 to 10% of ALS cases are familial (FALS). Recent studies have shown that mutations in FUS are causal in approximately 4 to 5% of FALS and some apparent SALS cases. The pathogenic mechanism of the mutant FUS‐mediated ALS and potential roles of FUS in non‐FUS ALS remain to be investigated.
Evaluation of the Performance of Information Theory-Based Methods and Cross-Correlation to Estimate the Functional Connectivity in Cortical Networks

Functional connectivity of in vitro neuronal networks was estimated by applying different statistical algorithms on data collected by Micro-Electrode Arrays (MEAs). First we tested these “connectivity methods” on neuronal network models at an increasing level of complexity and evaluated the performance in terms of ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) and PPC (Positive Precision Curve), a new defined complementary method specifically developed for functional links identification. Then, the algorithms better estimated the actual connectivity of the network models, were used to extract functional connectivity from cultured cortical networks coupled to MEAs. Among the proposed approaches, Transfer Entropy and Joint-Entropy showed the best results suggesting those methods as good candidates to extract functional links in actual neuronal networks from multi-site recordings.
Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Amino-Terminal Immunoglobulin V-Related Domain Binds Adenovirus Type 2 and Fiber Knob from Adenovirus Type 12

ABSTRACT The extracellular region of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is predicted to consist of two immunoglobulin (Ig)-related structural domains. We expressed the isolated CAR amino-terminal domain (D1) and a CAR fragment containing both extracellular Ig domains (D1/D2) in Escherichia coli. Both D1 and D1/D2 formed complexes in vitro with the recombinant knob domain of adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) fiber, and D1 inhibited adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) infection of HeLa cells. These results indicate that the adenovirus-binding activity of CAR is localized in the amino-terminal IgV-related domain and confirm our earlier observation that Ad2 and Ad12 bind to the same cellular receptor. Preliminary crystallization studies suggest that complexes of Ad12 knob bound to D1 will be suitable for structure determination.
Selection of a moxifloxacin dose that suppresses drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model and mathematical modeling.

BACKGROUND Moxifloxacin is a quinolone antimicrobial that has potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To optimize moxifloxacin dose and dose regimen, pharmacodynamic antibiotic-exposure targets associated with maximal microbial kill and complete suppression of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis must be identified. METHODS We used a novel in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model of tuberculosis in which we exposed M. tuberculosis to moxifloxacin with a pharmacokinetic half-life of decline similar to that encountered in humans. Data obtained from this model were mathematically modeled, and the drug-exposure breakpoint associated with the suppression of drug resistance was determined. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to determine the probability that 10,000 clinical patients taking different doses of moxifloxacin would achieve or exceed the drug-exposure breakpoint needed to suppress resistance to moxifloxacin in M. tuberculosis. RESULTS The ratio of the moxifloxacin-free (non-protein-bound) area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h to the minimum inhibitory concentration associated with complete suppression of the drug-resistant mutant population was 53. For patients taking moxifloxacin doses of 400, 600, or 800 mg/day, the calculated target-attainment rates to suppress drug resistance were 59%, 86%, and 93%, respectively. CONCLUSION A moxifloxacin dose of 800 mg/day is likely to achieve excellent M. tuberculosis microbial kill and to suppress drug resistance. However, tolerability of this higher dose is still unknown.
Identity and the Definition of the Situation in a Mass‐Mediated Context

The importance of identity and the definition of the situation for symbolic interactionist theory and research are discussed. These two concepts have been separated in much research since the 1970s, with identity being used in a variety of ways. This separation is partly attributed to paradigm shifts in social science, as well as to popular culture treatments of identity. Popular culture's emphasis on “collective” and “personal” identities is processed through entertainment formats that emphasize emotional and vicarious involvement, drama and action. Materials illustrate the presence of a mass-mediated generalized other, media communities, and the significance this has for realist and postrealist ethnography. Suggestions are offered for a reintegration of identity and the definition of the situation in ethnographic work. Sex videos are total fantasy. But people have to realize that even in a fantasy you have to deal with reality. —Pornographic film actress
A Self-Optimizing Routing Algorithm in a 3-Dimensional Virtual Grid Network

In this paper, we present a self-optimizing routing algorithm using local information only, in a three-dimensional (3D) virtual grid network. A virtual grid network is a well-known network model for its ease of designing algorithms and saving energy consumption. We consider a 3D virtual grid network which is obtained by virtually dividing a network into a set of unit cubes called cells. There is one specific node named a router at each cell, and each router is connected with the routers at adjacent cells. This implies that each router can communicate with 6 routers. We suppose one special node (named a source node) and one moving node (named a destination node) in a 3D virtual grid networks. We consider maintenance of an inter-cell communication path to a destination node from a source node. We propose an optimizing protocol in a 3D virtual grid network, which can transform an arbitrary given path (from a source node to a destination node) to the optimal (shortest) path using only local information (6 hops: 3 hops each back and forward along the routing path) of each router.
The epidemiology on soccer: a systematic review.

El futbol es uno de los deportes mas populares en el mundo. La mayoria de las lesiones se registran en las extremidades inferiores. La informacion obtenida en las revisiones muestra una incidencia de lesiones de 2 a 9,4 por cada 1000 h de exposicion. Predominan sobre todo los esguinces, seguidos de las fracturas, las distensiones musculares, rotura de ligamentos, afectaciones en el menisco y contusiones. Las lesiones de rodilla son las mas comunes, seguidas por las lesiones de tobillo. La frecuencia de lesiones es mayor durante la competicion que durante los entrenamientos. Respecto a los mecanismos responsables de la lesion, asi como la influencia de diversos factores como el equipamiento, esta revision sistematica muestra que la informacion concerniente a estos resulta incompleta y, en ocasiones, contradictoria. El proposito de este estudio es analizar en la literatura la incidencia de las lesiones en los futbolistas, los sintomas, asi como identificar los factores de riesgo.
Single-dose perinatal nevirapine plus standard zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand.

BACKGROUND Although zidovudine prophylaxis decreases the rate of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 substantially, a large number of infants still become infected. We hypothesized that the administration, in addition to zidovudine, of a single dose of oral nevirapine to mothers during labor and to neonates would further reduce transmission of HIV. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of three treatment regimens in Thai women who were receiving zidovudine therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy. In one group, mothers and infants received a single dose of nevirapine (nevirapine-nevirapine regimen); in another, mothers and infants received nevirapine and placebo, respectively (nevirapine-placebo regimen); and in the last, mothers and infants received placebo (placebo-placebo regimen). The infants also received one week of zidovudine therapy and were formula-fed. The end point of the study was infection with HIV in the infants, established by virologic testing. RESULTS Between January 15, 2001, and February 28, 2003, a total of 1844 Thai women were enrolled. At the first interim analysis, the independent data monitoring committee stopped enrollment in the placebo-placebo group. Among women who delivered before the interim analysis, the as-randomized Kaplan-Meier estimates of the transmission rates were 1.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0.3 to 2.2) in the nevirapine-nevirapine group and 6.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 8.9) in the placebo-placebo group (P<0.001). The final per-protocol transmission rate in the nevirapine-nevirapine group, 1.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 3.0), was not significantly inferior to the rate in the nevirapine-placebo group (2.8 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.1). Nevirapine had an effect within subgroups defined by known risk factors such as viral load and CD4 count. No serious adverse effects were associated with nevirapine therapy. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of nevirapine to the mother, with or without a dose of nevirapine to the infant, added to oral zidovudine prophylaxis starting at 28 weeks' gestation, is highly effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Sustained impact of electronic alerts on rate of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism

Summary Advanced electronic alerts (eAlerts) and computerised physician order entry (CPOE) increase adequate thromboprophylaxis orders among hospitalised medical patients. It remains unclear whether eAlerts maintain their efficacy over time, after withdrawal of continuing medical education (CME) on eAlerts and on thromboprophylaxis indications from the study staff. We analysed 5,317 hospital cases from the University Hospital Zurich during 2006–2009: 1,854 cases from a medical ward with eAlerts (intervention group) and 3,463 cases from a surgical ward without eAlerts (control group). In the intervention group, an eAlert with hospital-specific venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention guidelines was issued in the electronic patient chart 6 hours after admission if no pharmacological or mechanical thromboprophylaxis had been ordered. Data were analysed for three phases: pre-implementation (phase 1), eAlert implementation with CME (phase 2), and post-implementation without CME (phase 3). The rates of thromboprophylaxis in the intervention group were 43.4% in phase 1 and 66.7% in phase 2 (p<0.001), and increased further to 73.6% in phase 3 (p=0.011). Early thromboprophylaxis orders within 12 hours after admission were more often placed in phase 2 and 3 as compared to phase 1 (67.1% vs. 52.1%, p<0.001). In the surgical control group, the thromboprophylaxis rates in the three phases were 88.6%, 90.7%, 90.6% (p=0.16). Advanced eAlerts may provide sustained efficacy over time, with stable rates of thromboprophylaxis orders among hospitalised medical patients.
A state-space approach to social complexity and distributed cognition in olive baboons (Papio anubis) : rethinking the role of behavioral analysis in socio-cognitive research

This dissertation reexamines the role of behavioral analysis to propose a modified research program for socio- cognitive phenomena--demonstrating its potential by presenting a two-step proof-of-concept on baboon data. I build on two Complex Systems Thinking approaches to behavior -- Hinde's model of social complexity, and Hutchins' theory of distributed cognition. By giving Hinde and Hutchins a state-space framing I can apply a well- established tool-kit of sequential analysis for social interactions. These analyses represent a shift in emphasis from asking 'what-is-it-for' to how-does-it-work'. First, I examine male-female-infant relations in the period after birth to demonstrate how to create a more systematic tracking of social complexity, emphasizing context : By building immediate context directly into the data- structures I can use the same data structure to look at study factors from long-term cumulative context of both relationships and group structure. By analyzing state- transitions over independent tallies I am able to relate interaction dynamics more directly to successive levels of social complexity. Second, I track distributed cognition by looking at consort turnover (CTO) events as socio- cognitive systems that resolve 'who will be the next consort male? ' Instead of performance measures based on outcome, the system-level regularities allow me to track individual profiles of participation. Behavioral traces of Extended-Embodied Distributed Cognition 'leak' outward from the skull to the physical and social environment and spread to the whole body. I use a video segment of a CTO event to demonstrate how to capture embodied attention by tracking head movements relative to body orientation. The proof-of-concept demonstrate how a state-space approach and the tools of sequential analysis-multiway contingency tables analysis for categorical data and timeseries analysis for continuous data representation-provides a shared framing that allows integrating the pieces of social complexity and distributed cognition into a single research program to look at socio-cognitive phenomena in other contexts and across species. Polyadic interactions offer opportunities to see inside the black boxes of social complexity and cognition. Analyzing socio-cognitive behavior at multiple levels of social complexity can be viewed as an extra-somatic extension of Senjowski & Churchland (1990) now famous hierarchy of structural levels of brain investigation
High Yield Fission Product Separations and Quantification For Nuclear Forensic Applications

by Kevin John Swearingen, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2017 Chair: Nathalie A. Wall Strontium-90 and its daughter, yttrium-90, have cumulative fission yields of approximately 6 percent from the thermal neutron induced fission of uranium-235. With these high yields, Sr and Y are prevalent following an accidental release or a nuclear detonation. Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28.8 years; accordingly, both it and Y will continue to be present in the environment for several centuries following a release. The relatively long half-life and high yields make Sr and Y useful isotopes for nuclear forensics. Due to chemical similarities, ingested Sr can replace Ca within the structure of bone, leading to an increased health risk. The long half-life and health risk requires Sr environmental monitoring for public health concerns. Due to Sr and Y being quantified by their β emissions, traditional quantification methods require substantial separations or wait times (approximately 3 weeks) before quantification can be completed. In both public health and nuclear forensics, lengthy wait times for accurate quantifications are never desirable. This body of work characterizes separation techniques and develops improved quantification methods for Sr and Y. Solid phase extractions are typically utilized for the quantification of Sr and Y in case public health and nuclear forensics monitoring. The two primary commercial Sr resins were compared
Adenovirus or HA‐2 fusogenic peptide‐assisted lipofection increases cytoplasmic levels of plasmid in nondividing endothelium with little enhancement of transgene expression

Adenovirus‐assisted lipofection has been reported to increase transfection efficiency through mechanisms potentially involving endosome escape and/or nuclear targeting activity. Similarly, transfection with the viral fusogenic peptide HA‐2 of the influenza virus hemagglutinin can increase transfection efficiency. However, there are few studies examining the mechanism and intracellular trafficking of these viral and/or viral fusogenic peptide‐assisted lipofections.
Clinical- and cost-effectiveness of pegylated interferon alfa in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A systematic review and economic evaluation

Objectives: To assess the clinical-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pegylated interferon alfa (2a and 2b) combined with ribavirin in previously untreated patients with moderate to severe chronic hepatitis C, compared with the current standard treatment, which is nonpegylated interferon alfa combined with ribavirin. Methods: Systematic review and economic evaluation. A sensitive search strategy was applied to several electronic bibliographic databases. Relevant studies were critically appraised and meta-analyzed. A hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients entered a Markov model and were followed up for a more than 30-year period to predict natural history, duration spent in each health state, and treatment costs. Results: Two fully published Phase III randomized controlled trials were included. Methodological quality was generally good. Dual therapy with pegylated interferon was significantly more effective than nonpegylated dual therapy with a pooled sustained virological response rate (SVR) of 55 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 52–58 percent) compared with 46 percent (95 percent CI, 43–49 percent). The pooled relative risk of remaining infected was 0.83 (95 percent CI, 0.76–0.91 percent). Genotype was the strongest predictor of outcome, with SVRs in patients with the more responsive genotypes 2 and 3 reaching up to 80 percent. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for pegylated dual therapy compared with nonpegylated dual therapy was £12,123. The cost per QALY remained under £30,000 for most patient subgroups and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Pegylated interferon is clinically effective, represents good value for the money, and is a significant advance in the treatment of this insidious disease.
Order Effects in Complex and Simple Tasks

There is strong evidence that the order in which response options are presented in surveys significantly affects the answers that respondents provide. According to the theory of survey satisficing, the severity of order effects should increase with task difficulty. However, the tasks provided to respondents in existing studies of response-order effects are generally very simple, making it difficult to evaluate the satisficing hypothesis. Further, evidence from cognitive psychology suggests a completely different mechanism: people are more motivated to persist in completing tasks when they are intricate, challenging, and enriching. I designed survey experiments administered over the Internet consisting of two types of tasks: (1) a complex task in which respondents were asked to rank seven public officials in order of how much they should be blamed for the property damage and loss of life caused by Hurricane Katrina in the city of New Orleans; and (2) a series of simple tasks in which respondents answered items with ordinal response choices on rating scales. I found almost no order effects in the complex task among all educational groups. Conversely, I found significant and substantial order effects in the simple tasks, particularly among low-education respondents. These results suggest that theories of survey satisficing may simplify matters by assuming that satisficing monotonically increases with task difficulty. Moreover, my findings have important implications for questionnaire design, underscoring the importance of randomizing response options.