Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heavy Element Abundances in Giant Stars of the Globular Clusters M4 and M5

We present a comprehensive abundance analysis of 27 heavy elements in bright giant stars of the globular clusters M4 and M5 based on high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra obtained with the Magellan Clay Telescope. We confirm and expand on previous results for these clusters by showing that (1) all elements heavier than, and including, Si have constant abundances within each cluster, (2) the elements from Ca to Ni have indistinguishable compositions in M4 and M5, (3) Si, Cu, Zn, and all s-process elements are approximately 0.3 dex overabundant in M4 relative to M5, and (4) the r-process elements Sm, Eu, Gd, and Th are slightly overabundant in M5 relative to M4. The cluster-to-cluster abundance differences for Cu and Zn are intriguing, especially in light of their uncertain nucleosynthetic origins. We confirm that stars other than Type Ia supernovae must produce significant amounts of Cu and Zn at or below the clusters’ metallicities. If intermediate-mass AGB stars or massive stars are responsible for the Cu and Zn enhancements in M4, the similar [Rb/Zr] ratios and (preliminary) Mg isotope ratios in both clusters may be problematic for either scenario. For the elements from Ba to Hf, we assume that the s- and r-process contributions are scaled versions of the solar s- and r-process abundances. We quantify the relative fractions of s- and r-process material for each cluster and show that they provide an excellent fit to the observed abundances.
Technical note: A method for measuring size-resolved CCN in the atmosphere

Abstract. We present a method to investigate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and activation efficiencies as a function of two independent variables, aerosol particle size and water vapor supersaturation. To date, most ambient CCN measurements have been made as the integral (total) CCN concentration as a function of water vapor supersaturation only. However, since CCN properties of aerosol particles are strongly dependent on particle size, as well as on chemical composition, which commonly varies with particle size, more detailed measurements can provide additional important information about the CCN activation. With size-resolved measurements, the effect of particle size on CCN activity can be kept constant, which makes it possible to directly assess the influence of particle chemistry. The instrumental set-up consists of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) to select particles of a known size, within a narrow size range. A condensation nuclei (CN) counter (condensation particle counter, CPC) is used to count the total number of particles in that size range, and a CCN counter is used to count the number of CCN as a function of supersaturation, in that same size range. The activation efficiency, expressed as CCN/CN ratios, can thus directly be calculated as a function of particle size and supersaturation. We present examples of the application of this technique, using salt and smoke aerosols produced in the laboratory as well as ambient aerosols.
CES-511 The Market Fraction Hypothesis under different GP algorithms

In a previous work, inspired by observations made in many agent-based financial models, we formulated and presented the Market Fraction Hypothesis, which basically predicts a short duration for any dominant type of agents, but then a uniform distribution over all types in the long run. We then proposed a two-step approach, a rule-inference step and a rule-clustering step, to testing this hypothesis. We employed genetic programming as the rule in- ference engine, and applied self-organizing maps to cluster the inferred rules. We then ran tests for 10 international markets and provided a general examination of the plausibility of the hypothesis. However, because of the fact that the tests took place under a GP system, it could be argued that these results are dependent on the nature of the GP algorithm. This chapter thus serves as an extension to our previous work. We test the Market Fraction Hypothesis under two new different GP algorithms, in order to prove that the previous results are rigorous and are not sensitive to the choice of GP. We thus test again the hypothesis under the same 10 empirical datasets that were used in our previous experiments. Our work shows that certain parts of the hypothesis are indeed sensitive on the algorithm. Nevertheless, this sensitivity does not apply to all aspects of our tests. This therefore allows us to conclude that our previously derived results are rigorous and can thus be generalized.
Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise.

WASSERMAN, KARLMAN, BRIAN J. WHIPP, SANKAR IX KOYAL, AND WILLIAM L. BEAVER. Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 35(Z): 236-243. 1973. -Alterations in gas exchange were studied in man during exercise increasing in increments of 15 w each minute, to determine the noninvasive indicators of the onset of metabolic acidosis (anaerobic metabolism). Expired airflow and CO 2 and 0 2 tensions at the mouth during the breath were continuously monitored with rapid1 y responding gas analyzers. These measurements were recorded directly as well as processed by a minicomputer, on-line, to give minute ventilation (VE), COP production #co& 02 consumption (voz), and the gas exchange ratio (R), breath-by-breath. The anaerobic threshold (AT) could be identified by the point of I) nonlinear increase in VE, 2) nonlinear increase in Vco2, 3) an increase in end-tidal 02 without a corresponding decrease in endtidal COz, and 4) an increase in R, as work rate was increased during an incremental exercise test. Of these measurements, R was found least sensitive. The AT was determined in 85 normal subjects between 17 and 91 years of age, by these techniques. The lower limit of normal was 45 w (KTo 2 = 1 liter/min), while values for very fit normal adults were as high as 180 w. The patients studied with cardiac disease above functional class I have lower anaerobic thresholds than the least fit normal subjects. The I-min incremental work rate test is associated with changes in gas exchange which can be used as sensitive on-line indicators of the AT, thus bypassing the need for measuring arterial lactate or acid-base parameters to indicate anaerobiosis.
PROTOS Protocol Genome Project The Search for Information Technology DNA DRAFT

While we depend on computer networks in our daily lives, the p rograms we use communicate via a plethora of often incorrectly impleme nted protocols. Our previous experiments suggest, that there are structural si milarities protocol genes shared between currently used protocols. The theoretical tools for finding these genes are out there both structure extraction and protocol s have gotten their fair share of research. However, they have yet to be combined to fin d ge es from the sea of protocols. The purpose of this project is to develo p a methodology to find the genes and present protocols using them. The collecte d gene pool gives a fresh perspective into many traffic related problems, and a w ay to look at the ‘big picture’ giving a radical perspective to the protocol pande monium.
MEDIATING EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION ETHICS PRACTISED ON WORK ETHICS RELATIONSHIPS WITH SOCIAL MEDIA USE, MOTIVES FOR USING SOCIAL MEDIA AND INTERNET SURFING ETIQUETTE

AbstractSocial media is a medium of communication nowadays. In fact, the accessibility of the internet at the workplace makes it is easier for the users to use it either positively or negatively. Hence, this study tests the relationship between social media use, motives for using social media, Internet surfing etiquette, work ethics, and communication ethics. The Utilitarian Theory is used to see the benefits gained by the employees in terms of social media use at the workplace. This study applies the quantitative research design where a selfÂ­administered survey questionnaire is used as the instrument for data collection. Based on a sample of 344 respondents among the administrative staff of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), the findings indicate that all variables are positively correlated with one another. Communication ethics fully mediates the relationship between social media use and motives for using social media towards work ethics. Communication ethics only partially mediates the relationship between internet surfing etiquette and work ethics. Therefore, communication ethics mediates the relationship between social media use, motives for using social media and internet surfing etiquette towards work ethics.
DNA-PKcs Negatively Regulates Cyclin B1 Protein Stability through Facilitating Its Ubiquitination Mediated by Cdh1-APC/C Pathway

The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is a critical component of the non-homologous end-joining pathway of DNA double-stranded break repair. DNA-PKcs has also been shown recently functioning in mitotic regulation. Here, we report that DNA-PKcs negatively regulates the stability of Cyclin B1 protein through facilitating its ubiquitination mediated by Cdh1 / E 3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C pathway. Loss of DNA-PKcs causes abnormal accumulation of Cyclin B1 protein. Cyclin B1 degradation is delayed in DNA-PKcs-deficient cells as result of attenuated ubiquitination. The impact of DNA-PKcs on Cyclin B1 stability relies on its kinase activity. Our study further reveals that DNA-PKcs interacts with APC/C core component APC2 and its co-activator Cdh1. The destruction of Cdh1 is accelerated in the absence of DNA-PKcs. Moreover, overexpression of exogenous Cdh1 can reverse the increase of Cyclin B1 protein in DNA-PKcs-deficient cells. Thus, DNA-PKcs, in addition to its direct role in DNA damage repair, functions in mitotic progression at least partially through regulating the stability of Cyclin B1 protein.
Fast restoration of real-time communication service from component failures in multi-hop networks

For many applications it is important to provide communication services with guaranteed timeliness and fault-tolerance at an acceptable level of overhead. In this paper, we present a scheme for restoring real-time channels, each with guaranteed timeliness, from component failures in multi-hop networks. To ensure fast/guaranteed recovery, backup channels are set up a priori in addition to each primary channel. That is, a dependable real-time connection consists of a primary channel and one or more backup channels. If a primary channel fails, one of its backup channels is activated to become a new primary channel. We describe a protocol which provides an integrated solution to the failure-recovery problem (i.e., channel switching, resource re-allocation, .). We also present a resource sharing method that significantly reduces the overhead of backup channels. The simulation results show that good coverage (in recovering from failures) can be achieved with about 30% degradation in network utilization under a reasonable failure condition. Moreover, the fault-tolerance level of each dependable connection can be controlled, independently of other connections, to reflect its criticality.
The Role of Auxin-Ethylene Crosstalk in Orchestrating Primary Root Elongation in Sugar Beet

It is well-established in Arabidopsis and other species that ethylene inhibits root elongation through the action of auxin. In sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) ethylene promotes root elongation in a concentration dependent manner. However, the crosstalk between ethylene and auxin remains unknown during sugar beet seedling development. Our experiments have shown that exogenously applied auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) also stimulates root elongation. We also show that auxin promotes ethylene biosynthesis leading to longer roots. We have further demonstrated that the auxin treatment stimulates ethylene production by redirecting the pool of available 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) toward ethylene instead of malonyl-ACC (MACC) resulting in a prolonged period of high rates of ethylene production and subsequently a longer root. On the other hand we have also shown that endogenous IAA levels were not affected by an ACC treatment during germination. All together our findings suggest that the general model for auxin-ethylene crosstalk during early root development, where ethylene controls auxin biosynthesis and transport, does not occur in sugar beet. On the contrary, we have shown that the opposite, where auxin stimulates ethylene biosynthesis, is true for sugar beet root development.
Modeling Lithium-rich Carbon Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud: An Independent Distance Indicator?

We present the first quantitative computations explaining the presence in the Large Magellanic Cloud of some asymptotic giant branch stars that are both lithium-rich stars and carbon stars (surface C/O > 1). A self-consistent description of time-dependent mixing, overshooting, and nuclear burning was required. The products of nucleosynthesis at the stellar surface turn out to be very sensitive to the temperature at the base of the outer convective envelope (Tbce) during the quiescent phase of hydrogen burning. Lithium production is obtained for Tbce ≥ 4 × 107 K (hot bottom burning), but Tbce ≥ 6.5 × 107 K is necessary in order to cycle into nitrogen the carbon that was previously convected to the stellar surface by the third dredge-up. Therefore, Li-rich C stars can occur for Tbce's in this small range of temperatures. We then identify a possible (narrow) range of masses and luminosities for this peculiar evolutionary stage. Comparison of these models with the luminosities of the few Li-rich C stars in the LMC provides an independent distance indicator (within ~0.25 mag) for the LMC. The present data and models are consistent with (m - M)0 ~ 18.7, but a better determination would be possible by refining the observations and the theoretical models.
Community Impact on Crowdfunding Performance

Many digital platforms, regardless of their business domain, follow the common practice of incorporating social and community features in order to increase their user engagement and expand their online community. Although this practice is advocated by the literature and clearly makes sense, its implications are not well understood. In this research, we aimed to close this literature gap, providing a theoretical framework and empirical evidence regarding the impact of the online community on platform performance. As a testbed, we studied crowdfunding platforms, that is, designated websites aimed at enabling entrepreneurs to raise money over the Internet. We used comprehensive data collected from Kickstarter, the largest crowdfunding platform established to date.We theorized that online platforms, such as Kickstarter, consist not of a single community but rather a hierarchy of multiple, partially competing communities. These communities vary considerably with respect to the interests of their members, their platform participation patterns, and their impact on platform performance. Our suggested framework incorporates the notion of fluidity of online communities; that is, online users and digital communities evolve and change over time. As the interests of the online user change, so does the membership of her immediate community. The proposed framework allows us to identify such community changes and, consequently, to better identify pivotal members of online communities and predict their lifetime value as potential backers.Empirically, we validated our theory by studying the participation patterns of over 6.3 million Kickstarter users, who have supported more than 150 thousand crowdfunding campaigns over more than 5 years. We demonstrated the growth of the different community types and estimated their different impacts on crowdfunding performance over time. Interestingly, we found that some communities, despite high participation rates, had negative impacts on crowdfunding campaign success. We discuss managerial and practical implications of our theory and findings.
Pacific Islanders and Health in the Print News Media

Pacific Islanders have faced discrimination in New Zealand particularly since the 1960s when members of communities, particularly from the Cook Islands, Samoa, Niue and Tonga began to be transplanted from their home nations to Aotearoa as cheap immigrant labour. Subsequently, the New Zealand vernacular has contained references to Pacific Islanders as ‘overstayers’, ‘coconuts’, ‘bungas’ and ‘fresh off the boat’ [FOB]. However, the legacy of a domineering relationship between the Palagi majority group and Pacific minorities that is captured by such derogatory terms is still evident in public forums such as the media. Using a quantitative content and qualitative narrative analysis, this first chapter documents portrayals of Pacific Islanders in New Zealand print media reports (n= 65) published over a three-month period. Findings reveal that Pacific people are predominantly portrayed as unmotivated, unhealthy and criminal others who are overly dependent on Palagi support. Consideration of this offered Pacific identity formation is explored and compared with that implied for Palagi, which is active, independent, competent and caring. Issues in coverage are discussed in relation to how Pacific Islanders are encouraged to see themselves, and the health and social consequences of dominant practices in press coverage. The second part of this thesis will take the findings from the investigation of the characterizations of Pacific Islanders in newspaper coverage and consider audience responses to such coverage. Focus group discussions will be used to explore how different New Zealand audiences view and respond to the portrayals of Pacific Island people and health in news media. The focus on audience responses supports the development of a better understanding of how groups can internalise media portrayals and use these as anchor points for understanding their own situations. Qualitative content from the two groups of Pacific Islanders (P1, P2) and two groups of Palagi (NP1, NP2) enabled a comparative analysis of audience interpretations. Findings propose that health issues are predominantly framed from the perspective of the 1 Palagi (pronounced Palangi) is a term used by Pacific Islanders to refer to people of European decent. 2 We use the terms ‘Pacific people’ and ‘Pacific Islanders’ to denote a general social category or minority in Aotearoa used by the media. However, we need to qualify the use of these terms because their use can lead to a glossing over of the diversity in languages and cultures that exists between over 20 different Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesian communities.
Lapped Hadamard transforms and filter banks

In this paper, we generalize the Hadamard transform to the case of lapped transform. A matrix A(z) is a lapped Hadamard transform if it satisfies A/sup T/(z/sup -1/)A(z)=/spl alpha/I for some integer /spl alpha/ and all the entries of its coefficient matrices are /spl plusmn/1. Many methods have been proposed to construct lapped Hadamard matrices. In this paper, we study these matrices using the theory of paraunitary filter bank. This approach not only greatly simplifies the analysis of lapped Hadamard transform but also gives rise to new construction methods that can generate a much wider class of lapped Hadamard matrices.
Developing learning relationships in intercultural and multi-disciplinary environments: a mixed method investigation of management students’ experiences

ABSTRACT In this article, we suggest that competencies in working in intercultural and multidisciplinary environments are part of expected key skills in contemporary organisations. Higher educational institutions across the globe are pressured to contribute to the development of such key skills. Using social identity theory, through social network analysis of 113 postgraduate management students in one UK business school and follow-up focus group interviews (N = 16), we have identified three types of learners: Co-National Learners, Bridge-Building Learners, and Cross-National Learners. We argue that developing learning relationships in intercultural and multidisciplinary environments needs to go beyond a cultural-only approach, and the understanding of identity has an important place.
21st century economics : a reference handbook

Interest in economics is at an all-time high. Among the challenges facing the nation is an economy with rapidly rising unemployment, failures of major businesses and industries, and continued dependence on oil with its wildly fluctuating price. Americans are debating the proper role of the government in company bailouts, the effectiveness of tax cuts versus increased government spending to stimulate the economy, and potential effects of deflation. Economists have dealt with such questions for generations, but they have taken on new meaning and significance. Tackling these questions and encompassing analysis of traditional economic theory and topics as well as those that economists have only more recently addressed, "21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook" is intended to meet the needs of several types of readers. Undergraduate students preparing for exams will find summaries of theory and models in key areas of micro and macroeconomics. Readers interested in learning about economic analysis of an issue as well students embarking on research projects will find introductions to relevant theory and empirical evidence. And economists seeking to learn about extensions of analysis into new areas or about new approaches will benefit from chapters that introduce cutting-edge topics. To make the book accessible to undergraduate students, models have been presented only in graphical format (minimal calculus) and empirical evidence has been summarized in ways that do not require much background in statistics or econometrics. It is thereby hoped that chapters will provide both crucial information and inspiration in a non-threatening, highly readable format.
Splitting the spectral flow and the SU(3) Casson invariant for spliced sums

Given knots K1 and K2 in homology 3‐spheres M1 and M2; respectively, the spliced sum of M1 and M2 along K1 and K2 is the homology 3‐sphere obtained by gluing the two knot complements along their boundaries matching the meridian of one knot to the longitude of the other. This operation is a generalization of connected sum; indeed when K1 and K2 are trivial knots, the spliced sum of M1 and M2 along K1 and K2 is none other than the connected sum M1#M2: Casson’s invariant SU.2/ , which is additive under connected sum, is also additive under the more general operation of spliced sum by Boyer and Nicas [6] and independently Fukuhara and Maruyama [10]. What is remarkable about this is that the Casson invariant of a spliced sum does not depend on the knots K1 and K2 along which the splicing is performed. While the integer-valued SU.3/ Casson invariant SU.3/ of Boden, Herald and Kirk [3] is not additive under connected sum, by [3, Theorem 4], the difference SU.3/ 2 2.2/ is, and a natural question to ask is whether it is also additive under spliced sum. In general, the answer is no and we briefly explain why not. Recall from Saveliev [15] that a Seifert-fibered homology sphere U.p;q;r;s/ can be described as a spliced sum of Brieskorn spheres along the cores of their singular fibers in three different ways: (i) the spliced sum of U.p;q;rs/ and U.r;s;pq/; (ii) the spliced sum of U.p;s;qr/ and U.q;r;ps/; and (iii) the spliced sum of U.p;r;qs/ and U.q;s;pr/. Additivity under splicing would imply that the evaluation of SU.3/ 2 2.2/ on all three of these pairs of Brieskorn spheres agree, but the results of Boden, Herald and Kirk [4] provide