Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the C-Terminal Domain of the Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase α Subunit Important for Transcription at Class I Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein-Dependent Promoters

ABSTRACT Alanine scanning of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase α subunit C-terminal domain (αCTD) was used to identify amino acid side chains important for class I cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP)-dependent transcription. Key residues were investigated further in vivo and in vitro. Substitutions in three regions of αCTD affected class I CRP-dependent transcription from the CC(−61.5) promoter and/or the lacP1 promoter. These regions are (i) the 287 determinant, previously shown to contact CRP during class II CRP-dependent transcription; (ii) the 265 determinant, previously shown to be important for αCTD-DNA interactions, including those required for class II CRP-dependent transcription; and (iii) the 261 determinant. We conclude that CRP contacts the same target in αCTD, the 287 determinant, at class I and class II CRP-dependent promoters. We also conclude that the relative contributions of individual residues within the 265 determinant depend on promoter sequence, and we discuss explanations for effects of substitutions in the 261 determinant.
In the Line of Fire: Youth, Guns, and Violence in Urban America

Drawing upon their research in the most extensive study to date, the authors here describe the means and methods of gun-related violence among urban youth. Using data collected from juvenile male inmates and male students in inner-city high schools, Sheley and Wright focus on the number, type, and method of acquisition of firearms, as well as the varying reasons given for carrying arms. The book concludes by challenging some stereotypes, and urging a policy aimed at reducing the motivation for gun possession by youth, rather than simply attempting to remove guns from their hands.
The utility of arm and hand gestures in the treatment of aphasia

People with aphasia frequently rely on communicative “devices” other than their impaired language system. This article focuses on arm and hand gesture as one such “device” or modality. Speech-language pathologists face the daily challenge of clinical reasoning choices and management plan decisions for selecting and advising about therapeutic methods and modalities for a wide range of people with aphasia. This article aims to synthesize the relevant information about gesture in aphasia that is otherwise published in a disparate range of sources or with less clinical and more theoretical goals in mind. A description of the types of arm and hand gestures commonly seen in humans and a summary of the debate surrounding their origins and functions is provided as background information. Recent models of gesture production are explored, especially as they relate to the interaction between gesture, speech and language, and to the use of gesture as a therapeutic option in aphasia rehabilitation. The latter also involves understanding the role of limb apraxia in gesture production and gesture-based therapies. Research detailing the gesture abilities of people with aphasia (both receptive and expressive) is reviewed and finally the evidence concerning gesture as a therapeutic agent in aphasia therapy is critiqued.
GluRδ2 Expression in the Mature Cerebellum of Hotfoot Mice Promotes Parallel Fiber Synaptogenesis and Axonal Competition

Glutamate receptor delta 2 (GluRδ2) is selectively expressed in the cerebellum, exclusively in the spines of the Purkinje cells (PCs) that are in contact with parallel fibers (PFs). Although its structure is similar to ionotropic glutamate receptors, it has no channel function and its ligand is unknown. The GluRδ2-null mice, such as knockout and hotfoot have profoundly altered cerebellar circuitry, which causes ataxia and impaired motor learning. Notably, GluRδ2 in PC-PF synapses regulates their maturation and strengthening and induces long term depression (LTD). In addition, GluRδ2 participates in the highly territorial competition between the two excitatory inputs to the PC; the climbing fiber (CF), which innervates the proximal dendritic compartment, and the PF, which is connected to spiny distal branchlets. Recently, studies have suggested that GluRδ2 acts as an adhesion molecule in PF synaptogenesis. Here, we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that supports this hypothesis. Through lentiviral rescue in hotfoot mice, we noted a recovery of PC-PF contacts in the distal dendritic domain. In the proximal domain, we observed the formation of new spines that were innervated by PFs and a reduction in contact with the CF; ie, the pattern of innervation in the PC shifted to favor the PF input. Moreover, ectopic expression of GluRδ2 in HEK293 cells that were cocultured with granule cells or in cerebellar Golgi cells in the mature brain induced the formation of new PF contacts. Collectively, our observations show that GluRδ2 is an adhesion molecule that induces the formation of PF contacts independently of its cellular localization and promotes heterosynaptic competition in the PC proximal dendritic domain.
The HSP90 Inhibitor NVP-AUY922 Radiosensitizes by Abrogation of Homologous Recombination Resulting in Mitotic Entry with Unresolved DNA Damage

Background Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone responsible for the conformational maintenance of a number of client proteins that play key roles in cell cycle arrest, DNA damage repair and apoptosis following radiation. HSP90 inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity by modulating the stabilisation and activation of HSP90 client proteins. We sought to evaluate NVP-AUY922, the most potent HSP90 inhibitor yet reported, in preclinical radiosensitization studies. Principal Findings NVP-AUY922 potently radiosensitized cells in vitro at low nanomolar concentrations with a concurrent depletion of radioresistance-linked client proteins. Radiosensitization by NVP-AUY922 was verified for the first time in vivo in a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model in athymic mice, as measured by delayed tumor growth and increased surrogate end-point survival (p = <0.0001). NVP-AUY922 was shown to ubiquitously inhibit resolution of dsDNA damage repair correlating to delayed Rad51 foci formation in all cell lines tested. Additionally, NVP-AUY922 induced a stalled mitotic phenotype, in a cell line-dependent manner, in HeLa and HN5 cell lines irrespective of radiation exposure. Cell cycle analysis indicated that NVP-AUY922 induced aberrant mitotic entry in all cell lines tested in the presence of radiation-induced DNA damage due to ubiquitous CHK1 depletion, but resultant downstream cell cycle effects were cell line dependent. Conclusions These results identify NVP-AUY922 as the most potent HSP90-mediated radiosensitizer yet reported in vitro, and for the first time validate it in a clinically relevant in vivo model. Mechanistic analysis at clinically achievable concentrations demonstrated that radiosensitization is mediated by the combinatorial inhibition of cell growth and survival pathways, ubiquitous delay in Rad51-mediated homologous recombination and CHK1-mediated G2/M arrest, but that the contribution of cell cycle perturbation to radiosensitization may be cell line specific.
Portrait of a process: arts-based research in a head and neck cancer clinic

The role of art in medicine is complex, varied and uncertain. To examine one aspect of the relationship between art and medicine, investigators analysed the interactions between a professional artist and five adult patients with head and neck cancer as they cocreated portraits in a clinical setting. The artist and four members of an interdisciplinary team analysed the portraits as well as journal entries, transcripts of portrait sessions and semistructured interviews. Over the course of 5 months, 24 artworks evolved from sittings that allowed both the patients and the artist to collaborate around stories of illness, suffering and recovery. Using narrative inquiry and qualitative arts-based research techniques five emergent themes were identified: embracing uncertainties; developing trusting relationships; engaging in reflective practices; creating shared stories; and empowerment. Similar themes are found in successful physician–patient relationships. This paper will discuss these findings and potential implications for healthcare and medical education.
Resuscitation practices of low and normal birth weight infants in Nepal: an observational study using video camera recordings

ABSTRACT Background: The global burden of stillbirth and neonatal deaths remains a challenge in low-income countries. Training in neonatal resuscitation can reduce intrapartum stillbirth and early neonatal mortality. Previous results demonstrate that infants who previously would have been registered as stillbirths are successfully resuscitated after such training, suggesting that there is a process of selection for resuscitation that needs to be explored. Objective: To compare neonatal resuscitation of low birth weight and normal birth weight infants born at a facility in a low-income setting. Methods: Motion-triggered video cameras were installed above the resuscitation tables at a maternity health facility during an intervention study (ISRCTN97846009) employing the Helping Babies Breathe resuscitation protocol in Kathmandu, Nepal. Recordings were analysed, noting crying, stimulation, ventilation, suctioning and oxygen administration during resuscitation. Birth weight, Apgar scores and sex of the infant were retrieved from matched hospital registers. The results were analysed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: A total of 2253 resuscitation cases were recorded. Low birth weight infants in need of resuscitation had higher odds of receiving ventilation (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.24–2.42) and lower odds of receiving suctioning (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.82) after adjustment for the Helping Babies Breathe intervention, sex of the infant and place of resuscitation within the facility. The rates of stimulation and administration of oxygen were the same in both groups. Conclusions: Low birth weight was associated with more ventilation and less suctioning during neonatal resuscitation in a low-income setting. As ventilation is the most important intervention when the infant does not initiate breathing after birth, low birth weight was not a predictor for the decision to withhold resuscitation. Frequent routine use of suctioning of the lower airways continues to be a problem in the studied context, even after the introduction of the Helping Babies Breathe protocol.
A comparative evaluation of the effects of trait Emotional Intelligence and emotion regulation on affect at work and job satisfaction

The study examined the associations of trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) and emotional regulation with affect and satisfaction at work. Participants were 475 educators who completed the Bar-On EQ-i, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and measures of affect at work and job satisfaction. Analyses were conducted separately in two age-groups. Among the EI branches only general mood had consistent predictive value for affect at work. Emotion regulation had unique predictive power for affect and job satisfaction for the younger age group. There was minimal evidence for emotion regulation being a mediator between EI and affect at work in either age group. These findings suggest that trait EI and emotion regulation may refer to distinct processes and have implications for evaluating the ever increasing research on EI in organisations.
The Origins of Failure: Seeking the Causes of Design–Reality Gaps

The theory of design–reality gaps is an extant framework to explain failure of information systems in developing nations. This paper problematizes the nature of failure, with a particular focus on situations in which well-implemented systems, apparently corresponding to users’ views of reality, still fail to meet the expectations of their key stakeholders. To extend existing theory on this phenomenon, I advance a diagnostic model to identify the root causes of design–reality gaps. The model is illustrated through a case study of the Ration Card Management System in Kerala, South India: by capturing the causal chains underlying design–reality gaps, the model sets to trace the origins of failure, and the processes through which it is ultimately determined. The model I propose is both explanatory and normative, as it elicits causes of failure and serves as a basis to combat them.
Prefiltered Beamforming for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection

Ultrawideband radar imaging has been extensively investigated as a potential alternative to X-ray mammography and has shown promising results in the detection of small tumors within dielectrically homogeneous breast tissue. A range of confocal microwave imaging algorithms has been reported in the literature, showing good tumor detection capabilities, but most of these algorithms suffer significant deterioration in performance with increased amounts of fibro-glandular tissue in the breast. This letter proposes an improved beamformer based on a prefiltering approach to compensate for dispersion and phase effects in a dielectrically heterogeneous breast. The use of prefiltering is shown to improve on conventional beamformer performance and enables detection of multiple scatterers in dense breast tissue. The proposed improved beamformer is tested on 3-D anatomically and dielectrically accurate finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) breast models and the corresponding performance of the beamformer is evaluated across a range of appropriate metrics.
The Antiviral Effect of Baicalin on Enterovirus 71 In Vitro

Baicalin is a flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria roots that has been reported to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. However, the antiviral effect of baicalin on enterovirus 71 (EV71) is still unknown. In this study, we found that baicalin showed inhibitory activity on EV71 infection and was independent of direct virucidal or prophylactic effect and inhibitory viral absorption. The expressions of EV71/3D mRNA and polymerase were significantly blocked by baicalin treatment at early stages of EV71 infection. In addition, baicalin could decrease the expressions of FasL and caspase-3, as well as inhibit the apoptosis of EV71-infected human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Altogether, these results indicate that baicalin exhibits potent antiviral effect on EV71 infection, probably through inhibiting EV71/3D polymerase expression and Fas/FasL signaling pathways.
The effect of culture and self‐construals on predispositions toward verbal communication

This study tested the effects of culture and self-construals (i.e., independence and interdependence) on predispositions toward verbal communication. For the purpose of this study, we focused on two main areas of verbal communication predispositions: (a) communication apprehension and (b) argumentativeness. In our path model, we expected that culture-level individualism increases one's construal of self as independent, which, in turn, leads to a higher degree of argumentativeness and a lower level of communication apprehension. We also expected that culture-level individualism decreases one's construal of self as interdependent, which, in turn, leads to a lower degree of argumentativeness and a higher level of communication apprehension. Data to test the model were drawn from undergraduates (N=539) studying in Korea, Hawaii, and mainland U.S. The data were partially consistent with the theoretical predictions made. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed.
Investigating the role of angiogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective We aimed to elucidate the roles of six pro-angiogenic factors, namely, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods A group of 75 patients with SLE and a control group of 40 healthy volunteers were recruited. Angiogenic factors were tested through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurement. The angiogenic activities of the patients with SLE and the healthy controls were assessed and a correlation analysis of these angiogenic factors was conducted. Results A much higher level of angiogenic activity was shown in the serum of patients with SLE than that of the healthy controls, yet no statistically significant difference was found in the angiogenic activities of active SLE and inactive SLE. Serum VEGF level in the active SLE group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the inactive SLE group, and serum HGF level was strongly positively correlated with VEGF in all SLE groups; meanwhile, there was also a statistically significant positive correlation between TNF-alpha and VEGF in all SLE groups. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum VEGF level and bFGF level in the active SLE group. There was a slightly negative correlation between serum HGF level and TGF-beta level in the SLE group, but this negativity did not reach the significance level. Likewise, positive correlation was also shown in the serum VEGF level and PlGF level, yet not in bFGF with PlGF. Conclusion Circulating serum angiogenic cytokines may be disease markers of SLE activity. Anti-angiogenic agents such as thalidomide and endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors such as endostatin are potentially effective and promising therapies in the treatment of SLE.
Neural signatures of the response to emotional distraction: a review of evidence from brain imaging investigations

Prompt responses to emotional, potentially threatening, stimuli are supported by neural mechanisms that allow for privileged access of emotional information to processing resources. The existence of these mechanisms can also make emotional stimuli potent distracters, particularly when task-irrelevant. The ability to deploy cognitive control in order to cope with emotional distraction is essential for adaptive behavior, while reduced control may lead to enhanced emotional distractibility, which is often a hallmark of affective disorders. Evidence suggests that increased susceptibility to emotional distraction is linked to changes in the processing of emotional information that affect both the basic response to and coping with emotional distraction, but the neural correlates of these phenomena are not clear. The present review discusses emerging evidence from brain imaging studies addressing these issues, and highlights the following three aspects. First, the response to emotional distraction is associated with opposing patterns of activity in a ventral “hot” affective system (HotEmo, showing increased activity) and a dorsal “cold” executive system (ColdEx, showing decreased activity). Second, coping with emotional distraction involves top–down control in order to counteract the bottom-up influence of emotional distraction, and involves interactions between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. Third, both the response to and coping with emotional distraction are influenced by individual differences affecting emotional sensitivity and distractibility, which are linked to alterations of both HotEmo and ColdEx neural systems. Collectively, the available evidence identifies specific neural signatures of the response to emotional challenge, which are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of emotion-cognition interactions in healthy functioning, and the changes linked to individual variation in emotional distractibility and susceptibility to affective disorders.
ÖRGÜTSEL STRES YÖNETİMİ VE STRESİN İSTANBUL BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYESİ ÇALIŞANLARININ İŞ PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN UYGULAMALI OLARAK İNCELENMESİ

Gunumuzun modern hastaligi olarak da tanimlanan stres, yasam konforu basta olmak uzere is performansi ve verimliligi uzerinde oldukca olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadir. Yasanan bu stres sorunlari performans kaybi, verimlilik azalisi, iletisim sorunu, fiziksel ve ruhsal sorunlar olmak uzere bireylerin sosyo-kulturel konforunu derinden etkilemektedir. Bu calismada Istanbul Buyuksehir Belediyesi’nde gorev yapan 124 erkek, 126 kadin olmak uzere 250 personel uzerinde uygulamali olarak arastirma gerceklestirilmistir. Uygulama sonunda ekte sunulan anket kullanilmis ve ankete katilim saglayan bireylerin demografik ve stres faktorune yonelik sorulara cevap vermesi istenmistir. Uygulanan anketin guvenirliligi (Cronbach’s Alpha) 0.964 olarak bulunmustur. Anket verileri SPSS istatistik 17 programi ile analiz edilmistir. Analizde degiskenlerin ikili karsilastirilmalarinda “bagimsiz orneklem t testi”, gruplar arasindaki farkliliklarda “Anova” ve gruplar arasi farkliligin belirlenmesinde Tukey testi kullanilmistir. Calismanin sonucunda stres faktorunun sosyal hayat basta olmak uzere calisanlarin is yasam kalitesini dusurdugu, performans ve verimlilik uzerinde olumsuz etki yarattigi sonucuna ulasilmistir.
Organizational size and the structuralist perspective: a review, critique, and proposal

The author acknowledges the considerable research assistance of R. Ernest Baumann and William T. Bielby in the preparation of this article and the critical comments of Howard Aldrich, J. Kenneth Benson, Jean de Kervasdou6, and William Starbuck on an earlier version. Much of this article was written while the author held a fellowship in the United StatesFrance Exchange of Scientists Program jointly administered by the National Science Foundation and the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique. The support of the Centre de Recherche en Gestion at the Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, was instrumental in the completion of the manuscript.
Gender and Management: A Critical Review of Research

SUMMARY This article selectively reviews gender and management research. A flavour of what it can be like to research in this area is offered alongside a more substantive account. The article maps the many strands of work potentially relevant to exploring gender and management. It covers aspects of the field such as its diversity, emerging development, potential marginality and increasing clarity of definition, and considers implications for researchers. The appropriate integration of gender awareness into mainstream theorizing, alongside its separate development, is advocated. Major themes and issues in gender and management research are summarized and briefly addressed. Dilemmas about seeking to promote change but needing to speak within current conventions of management and academia are noted.
Cohesion and Sports Teams

Cohesion has historically been considered one of the most important variables in the study of small group dynamics and has historically been one of the most frequently studied of group-level constructs. In this commentary we consider why and how group cohesion influences behavior in sports teams and why and how it operates differently in different types of teams. Specifically, we note that sports teams operate in extremely well-defined contexts, with much greater clarity in terms of goals, member roles, working procedures, available resources, and so forth, than most other types of teams. Consequently we suggest that while cohesion may be a valid construct for studying and analyzing sports teams, the relative lack of clear unambiguous context for most other types of teams reduces the explanatory power of cohesion for teams in other contexts.