Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gaze tracking as a game input interface

The purpose of this paper is to present current findings as well as previous work in the field of gaze tracking and propose developing methods of applying them in games with the purpose of enhancing the gameplay experience. First, eye-tracking as a technology and historical aspects of it are briefly presented. A brief summary of important findings and a review of relevant works are presented. Strengths and weaknesses of eye-tracking in games are then discussed. The article goes on to describe the origin, concept and key elements of a future application and experiment for testing gaze-tracking in a game scenario.
Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, and White Feminist Movements in America's Second Wave

Preface/Acknowledgments Introduction: the emergence and development of feminism along racial and ethnic lines in the 1960s and 1970s 1. To whom do you refer? structure and the situated feminist 2. The 'fourth world' is born: intra-movement experience, oppositional political communities and the emergence of the white women's liberation movement 3. The vanguard center: intra-movement experience and the emergence of black feminism 4. Las Feministas: intra-movement experience and the emergence of chicana feminism 5. Organizing one's own: the competitive social movement sector and the rise of organizationally different feminist movements Conclusion: revisiting and 're-visioning' second-wave feminisms Appendix: interviews and oral histories.
Sodium regulation during ischemia versus reperfusion and its role in injury.

There are considerable data to support the general hypothesis that accumulation of [Na+]i during ischemia and early reperfusion leads, via Na+/Ca2+ exchange, to elevated [Ca2+]i, resulting in myocardial damage.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Despite the strong support for the general aspects of this hypothesis, there is controversy regarding some details that have important implications for the design of therapeutic interventions. The relative importance of the increase in [Na+]i during ischemia versus the increase in [Na+]i during reperfusion in contributing to the rise in [Ca2+]i and resultant injury is debated. These issues are important because it has been suggested that inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) during reperfusion alone would be beneficial. This would allow clinical intervention after an ischemic episode. It is also important to understand why an increase in [Na+]i is detrimental. It is commonly assumed that [Na+]i is detrimental because it leads to increased [Ca2+]i during reperfusion, either due to diminished Ca2+ efflux via Na+/Ca2+ exchange or due to increased Ca2+ influx due to reverse Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Recent data presented by Cross et al9 suggest that reverse Na+/Ca2+ exchange is involved in postischemic contractile dysfunction. However, an increase in [Na+]i could also be detrimental because of effects on K+ loss11 or energetics. An understanding of the mechanism responsible for the detrimental effects of Na+ accumulation is important for the design of therapeutic interventions. A study12 published in this issue of Circulation Research adds new insight into these important issues. Lazdunski et al …
Melanin Production and Use as a Soluble Electron Shuttle for Fe(III) Oxide Reduction and as a Terminal Electron Acceptor by Shewanella algae BrY

ABSTRACT Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) utilize numerous compounds as terminal electron acceptors, including insoluble iron oxides. The mechanism(s) of insoluble-mineral reduction by DMRB is not well understood. Here we report that extracellular melanin is produced by Shewanella algae BrY. The extracted melanin served as the sole terminal electron acceptor. Upon reduction the reduced, soluble melanin reduced insoluble hydrous ferric oxide in the absence of bacteria, thus demonstrating that melanin produced by S. algae BrY is a soluble Fe(III)-reducing compound. In the presence of bacteria, melanin acted as an electron conduit to Fe(III) minerals and increased Fe(III) mineral reduction rates. Growth of S. algae BrY occurred in anaerobic minimal medium supplemented with melanin extracted from previously grown aerobic cultures of S. algae BrY. Melanin produced by S. algae BrY imparts increased versatility to this organism as a soluble Fe(III) reductant, an electron conduit for iron mineral reduction, and a sole terminal electron acceptor that supports growth.
The effect of a semi-autonomous robot on children

This research focuses on designing the behavior of an semi-autonomous robot that supports the researcher while still being in control of the interaction. We present a study on behavioral intervention design in which elements of Pivotal Response Treatment elements are embedded into a game played by a robot and a child. The introduction of more autonomy in robot behavior and interaction increases the time that a researcher can focus on the child. In order to understand whether children perceive an autonomous robot differently than a remotely controlled robot, we examined the preferences of children. Using a within-subject design, fourteen typically developed children played with a robot that performed behavior either autonomously or through remote control. The results show that both robots were evaluated as equally engaging for the children. Thus, autonomous robots allow the operator to focus less on remotely controlling the robot and more on the interaction.
Using the Rothman index to predict early unplanned surgical intensive care unit readmissions

BACKGROUND The Rothman index (RI) is a numerical score calculated hourly from 26 data points in the electronic medical record by a commercial software package. Although it is purported to serve as an indicator of change in a patient’s condition, it has not been extensively evaluated in the literature. Our objective was to determine whether the RI can be used to predict early surgical intensive care unit (SICU) readmissions. METHODS This is a single-institution, retrospective 12-month period review of all patients transferred from the SICU to the surgical floor. Patients readmitted to the SICU within 48 hours were compared with patients who did not require readmission during this time (control). Demographics and continuous RI scores were collected at admission, 24 hours before SICU transfer, and for the first 48 hours on the surgical floor or until readmission to the SICU. RESULTS A total of 1,152 SICU patients were transferred to the surgical floor; 27 patients were readmitted within 48 hours of transfer. Demographics were similar in both groups. The SICU length of stay was longer in the readmission group (mean [SD], 4.7 [8.1] vs. 16.5 [15.2]; p < 0.001). The RI immediately before SICU transfer was higher in the control group (70.4 [20.3] vs. 49.1 [20.9], p < 0.001) and was uniformly improved from the RI at the initial SICU admission. In comparison, readmitted patients had more variable RI trends from admission to SICU transfer (mean &Dgr;, 6.51; range, −54.10 to 48.6), and 40.74% of readmitted patients actually had a decreased RI score on transfer. No patient with a RI score greater than 82.90 required readmission within 48 hours. CONCLUSION An increased RI score or a score greater than 82.90 correlates with appropriateness for SICU transfer to the surgical floor. A decreased RI score is strongly associated with SICU readmission within 48 hours and should be explored as a potential quality metric. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic/prognostic study, level III.
Retention of Virulence in a Viable but Nonculturable Edwardsiella tarda Isolate

ABSTRACT Edwardsiella tarda is pathogen of fish and other animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and virulence retention of this bacterium. Edwardsiella tarda CW7 was cultured in sterilized aged seawater at 4°C. Total cell counts remained constant throughout the 28-day period by acridine orange direct counting, while plate counts declined to undetectable levels (<0.1 CFU/ml) within 28 days by plate counting. The direct viable counts, on the other hand, declined to ca. 109 CFU/ml active cells and remained fairly constant at this level by direct viable counting. These results indicated that a large population of cells existed in a viable but nonculturable state. VBNC E. tarda CW7 could resuscitate in experimental chick embryos and in the presence of nutrition with a temperature upshift. The resuscitative times were 6 days and 8 days, respectively. The morphological changes of VBNC, normal, and resuscitative E. tarda CW7 cells were studied with a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that when the cells entered into the VBNC state, they gradually changed in shape from short rods to coccoid and decreased in size, but the resuscitative cells did not show any obvious differences from the normal cells. The VBNC and the resuscitative E. tarda CW7 cells were intraperitoneally inoculated into turbot separately, and the fish inoculated with the resuscitative cells died within 7 days, which suggested that VBNC E. tarda CW7 might retain pathogenicity.
Application of sediment core modelling to understanding climates of the past: An example from glacial-interglacial changes in Southern Ocean silica cycling

Paleoceanographic evidence from the Southern Ocean reveals an apparent stark meridional divide in biogeochemical dynamics associated with the glacial-interglacial cycles of the late Neogene. South of the present-day position of the Antarctic Polar Front biogenic opal is generally much more abundant in sediments during interglacials 5 compared to glacials. To the north, an anti-phased relationship is observed, with maximum opal abundance instead occurring during glacials. This antagonistic response of sedimentary properties is an important model validation target for testing hypotheses of glacial-interglacial change, particularly with respect to understanding the causes of the variability in atmospheric CO 2. Here, I illustrate a time-dependent modelling 10 approach to helping understand past climatic change by means of the generation of synthetic sediment core records. I find a close match between model-predicted and observed down-core changes in sedimentary opal content is achieved when changes in seasonal sea-ice extent is imposed, suggesting that the cryosphere is probably the primary driver of the striking features exhibited by the paleoceanographic record of this 15 region.
AllConcur: Leaderless Concurrent Atomic Broadcast

Many distributed systems require coordination between the components involved. With the steady growth of such systems, the probability of failures increases, which necessitates scalable fault-tolerant agreement protocols. The most common practical agreement protocol, for such scenarios, is leader-based atomic broadcast. In this work, we propose AllConcur, a distributed system that provides agreement through a leaderless concurrent atomic broadcast algorithm, thus, not suffering from the bottleneck of a central coordinator. In AllConcur, all components exchange messages concurrently through a logical overlay network that employs early termination to minimize the agreement latency. Our implementation of AllConcur supports standard sockets-based TCP as well as high-performance InfiniBand Verbs communications. AllConcur can handle up to 135 million requests per second and achieves 17x higher throughput than today's standard leader-based protocols, such as Libpaxos. Thus, AllConcur is highly competitive with regard to existing solutions and, due to its decentralized approach, enables hitherto unattainable system designs in a variety of fields.
Veterinary neuroanatomy : a clinical approach

Regional neuroanatomy. Neuroembryology. Neurohistology, physiology and supporting structures. Hierarchical organization in the nervous system. Reflexes and motor systems. Ascending somatic sensory tracts and conscious sensory systems. The cerebellum. Vestibular system. Posture and movement in quadrupeds. Cranial nerves. Behaviour, emotion and arousal. The autonomic nervous system. The neurological examination and lesion localisation.
Can a Commercial Diagnostic Ultrasound Device Accelerate Thrombolysis?: An In Vitro Skull Model

Background and Purpose— Recently, 3 clinical trials revealed encouraging results in recanalization and clinical outcome in acute stroke patients when 2-MHz transcranial Doppler monitoring was applied. This study investigated whether a 1.8-MHz commercial diagnostic ultrasound device has the potential to facilitate thrombolysis using an in vitro stroke model. Methods— Duplex-Doppler, continuous wave-Doppler, and pulsed wave (PW)-Doppler were compared on their impact on recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA)–mediated thrombolysis. Blood clots were transtemporally sonicated in a human stroke model. Furthermore, ultrasound attenuation of 5 temporal bones of different thickness was determined. Results— In comparison, only PW-Doppler accelerated rtPA–mediated thrombolysis significantly. Without temporal bone, PW-Doppler plus rtPA showed a significant enhancement in relative clot weight loss of 23.7% when compared with clots treated with rtPA only (33.9±5.5% versus 27.4±5.2%; P<0.0005). Ultrasound attenuation measurements revealed decreases of the output intensity of 86.8% (8.8 dB) up to 99.2% (21.2 dB), depending on temporal bone thickness (1.91 to 5.01 mm). Conclusion— Without temporal bone, PW-Doppler significantly enhanced thrombolysis. However, because of a high attenuation of ultrasound by temporal bone, no thrombolytic effect was observed in our in vitro model, although Doppler imaging through the same temporal bone was still possible.
The Cbl Phosphotyrosine-binding Domain Selects a D(N/D)XpY Motif and Binds to the Tyr292Negative Regulatory Phosphorylation Site of ZAP-70*

The Cbl protooncogene product has emerged as a novel negative regulator of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases through currently undefined mechanisms. Therefore, determining how Cbl physically interacts with tyrosine kinases is of substantial interest. We recently identified a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain residing within the N-terminal transforming region of Cbl (Cbl-N), which mediated direct binding to ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase. Here, we have screened a degenerate phosphopeptide library and show that the Cbl-PTB domain selects a D(N/D)XpY motif, reminiscent of but distinct from the NPXpY motif recognized by the PTB domains of Shc and IRS-1/2. A phosphopeptide predicted by this motif and corresponding to the in vivo negative regulatory phosphorylation site of ZAP-70 (Tyr(P)292) specifically inhibited binding of ZAP-70 to Cbl-N. A ZAP-70/Y292F mutant failed to bind to Cbl-N, whereas a D290A mutant resulted in a 64% decrease in binding, confirming the importance of the Tyr(P) and Y-2 residues in Cbl-PTB domain recognition. Finally the ZAP-70/Y292F mutant also failed to associate with Cbl-N or full-length Cbl in vivo. These results identify a potential Cbl-PTB domain-dependent role for Cbl in the negative regulation of ZAP-70 and predict potential Cbl-PTB domain binding sites on other protein tyrosine kinases known to interact with Cbl.
Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: identification by photocross-linking of a 39-kD integral membrane glycoprotein as part of a putative translocation tunnel

The molecular environment of secretory proteins during translocation across the ER membrane was examined by photocross-linking. Nascent preprolactin chains of various lengths, synthesized by in vitro translation of truncated messenger RNAs in the presence of N epsilon-(5- azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA, signal recognition particle, and microsomal membranes, were used to position photoreactive probes at various locations within the membrane. Upon photolysis, each nascent chain species was cross-linked to an integral membrane glycoprotein with a deduced mass of 39 kD (mp39) via photoreactive lysines located in either the signal sequence or the mature prolactin sequence. Thus, different portions of the nascent preprolactin chain are in close proximity to the same membrane protein during the course of translocation, and mp39 therefore appears to be part of the translocon, the specific site of protein translocation across the ER membrane. The similarity of the molecular and cross-linking properties of mp39 and the glyco-protein previously identified as a signal sequence receptor (Wiedmann, M., T. V. Kurzchalia, E. Hartmann, and T. A. Rapoport. 1987. Nature [Lond.]. 328: 830-833) suggests that these two proteins may be identical. Our data indicate, however, that mp39 does not (or not only) function as a signal sequence receptor, but rather may be part of a putative translocation tunnel.
Reinfusion of unprocessed, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-stimulated whole blood allows dose escalation of 186Relabeled chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 radioimmunotherapy in a phase I dose escalation study.

PURPOSE In an earlier Phase I radioimmunotherapy (RIT) study with rhenium-186-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody (cMAb) U36 in patients with refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the maximum tolerated activity was established at 1.0 GBq/m2, at which bone marrow doses ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 Gy. In the present study, further dose escalation in RIT was evaluated using a facile method of reinfusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-stimulated unprocessed whole blood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Nine patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated at radiation dose levels of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 GBq/m2. Before RIT, G-CSF (10 microg/kg/day) was administered s.c. at home during 5 days. On day 6, just before administration of 186Relabeled cMAb U36, 1 liter of whole blood was harvested and kept unprocessed at 4 degrees C until reinfusion after 72 h. Blood samples were taken for analysis of pharmacokinetics and bone marrow dosimetry. Patients were evaluated for myelotoxicity and tumor response. RESULTS Blood harvesting, RIT, and reinfusion of whole blood were well tolerated by all patients. G-CSF stimulation resulted in a mean of 0.41 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg (range, 0.15-0.83 x 10(6) CD34+cells/kg) and a mean committed colony-forming units granulocyte macrophage count of 5.62 x 10(4)/kg (range, 0.62-13.37 x 10(4)/kg). The mean biological half-life of 186Relabeled cMAb U36 in blood was 72.6 +/- 16.0 h, and bone marrow doses ranged from 2.1 to 2.8 Gy at the highest dose level. Myelotoxicity exceeding grade 3 was not observed. Stable disease was observed in five of nine patients, ranging from 3 to 5 months, and was still ongoing in one of these patients. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that a doubling of the maximum tolerated activity and bone marrow dose of 186Relabeled cMAb U36 can be achieved using reinfusion of G-CSF-stimulated unprocessed whole blood.
The Resilient Self: How Survivors of Troubled Families Rise Above Adversity

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Histopathology of Duodenal Mucosal Lesions in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Statistical Analysis to Identify Distinctive Features

Histopathologic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Pediatric patients have a higher incidence of IBD-associated gastritis and duodenitis than do adults. This study aimed to identify histopathologic features of duodenal lesions in the pediatric population that are characteristic of IBD, compared to duodenal pathology of different etiopathogenesis. We performed a retrospective analysis of UGT biopsies from pediatric patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of duodenitis (0–18 years of age) over a 7-year period. We identified 40 cases of duodenitis associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and 10 cases associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) and compared the histopathologic characteristics of the duodenitis with age-matched controls consisting of 40 cases duodenitis associated with celiac disease and 40 non–Helicobacter pylori–associated (NOS) etiology duodenitis cases. The histologic features that were evaluated included presence of granulomas, duodenal cryptitis, erosion, lamina propria eosinophils, villous blunting, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), and crypt hyperplasia, among others. Additionally, we evaluated the presence of associated gastritis in all of these groups. Statistical analysis to identify significant differences was performed using Kruskal-Wallis testing. Cryptitis was the most distinctive feature of IBD-associated duodenitis. Granulomas were exceptionally rare. The severity of villous blunting and presence of IELs was significantly different in the IBD versus the celiac group. There is a significant overlap with duodenal lesions of different etiopathogenesis, including villous blunting and eosinophilia. With the exclusion of granulomas, cryptitis seems the most distinctive feature of the duodenal lesions associated with IBD.