Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pax6 Downregulation Mediates Abnormal Lineage Commitment of the Ocular Surface Epithelium in Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye Disease

Keratinizing squamous metaplasia (SQM) of the ocular surface is a blinding consequence of systemic autoimmune disease and there is no cure. Ocular SQM is traditionally viewed as an adaptive tissue response during chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) that provokes pathological keratinization of the corneal epithelium and fibrosis of the corneal stroma. Recently, we established the autoimmune regulator-knockout (Aire KO) mouse as a model of autoimmune KCS and identified an essential role for autoreactive CD4+ T cells in SQM pathogenesis. In subsequent studies, we noted the down-regulation of paired box gene 6 (Pax6) in both human patients with chronic KCS associated with Sjögren’s syndrome and Aire KO mice. Pax6 encodes a pleiotropic transcription factor guiding eye morphogenesis during development. While the postnatal function of Pax6 is largely unknown, we hypothesized that its role in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis was disrupted in the inflamed eye and that loss of Pax6 played a functional role in the initiation and progression of SQM. Adoptive transfer of autoreactive T cells from Aire KO mice to immunodeficient recipients confirmed CD4+ T cells as the principal downstream effectors promoting Pax6 downregulation in Aire KO mice. CD4+ T cells required local signaling via Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R1) to provoke Pax6 loss, which prompted a switch from corneal-specific cytokeratin, CK12, to epidermal-specific CK10. The functional role of Pax6 loss in SQM pathogenesis was indicated by the reversal of SQM and restoration of ocular surface homeostasis following forced expression of Pax6 in corneal epithelial cells using adenovirus. Thus, tissue-restricted restoration of Pax6 prevented aberrant epidermal-lineage commitment suggesting adjuvant Pax6 gene therapy may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent SQM in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface.
Exploring Associations between Problematic Internet Use, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Disturbance among Southern Chinese Adolescents

The primary aim of this study was to examine associations between problematic Internet use, depression and sleep disturbance, and explore whether there were differential effects of problematic Internet use and depression on sleep disturbance. A total of 1772 adolescents who participated in the Shantou Adolescent Mental Health Survey were recruited in 2012 in Shantou, China. The Chinese version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of Internet addiction. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), and other socio-demographic measures were also completed. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the mediating effect of problematic Internet use and depression on sleep disturbance. Among the participants, 17.2% of adolescents met the criteria for problematic Internet use, 40.0% were also classified as suffering from sleep disturbance, and 54.4% of students had depressive symptoms. Problematic Internet use was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance. The correlation between depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance was highly significant. Both problematic Internet use (β = 0.014; Sobel test Z = 12.7, p < 0.001) and depression (β = 0.232; Sobel test Z = 3.39, p < 0.001) had partially mediating effects on sleep disturbance and depression was of greater importance for sleep disturbance than problematic Internet use. There is a high prevalence of problematic Internet use, depression and sleep disturbance among high school students in southern China, and problematic Internet use and depressive symptoms are strongly associated with sleep disturbance. This study provides evidence that problematic Internet use and depression have partially mediating effects on sleep disturbance. These results are important for clinicians and policy makers with useful information for prevention and intervention efforts.
Geographical Exclusion in Rural Areas of El Salvador: Its Impact on Labor Market Outcomes

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of geographic isolation of individuals living in El Salvador's rural areas on three labor market outcomes: labor force participation decision, sector of employment, and labor income. In this study, it is hypothesized that living in geographic isolation has a negative impact on rural workers' labor outcomes. The main results of this study indicate that the degree of geographic isolation does not discourage men from working; on the contrary, men living farther away from urban and maquila jobs are more likely to work. However, women living in greater isolation are highly concentrated in own-production agricultural activities, where women's skills are rewarded less than comparable men's skills. Through concentration into this sector, women living in geographic isolation obtain worse labor outcomes than men. When working in own-account nonagricultural production, geographic isolation also has a negative impact on men's labor income.
Salmonella in Liquid Eggs and Other Foods in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan

The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella in retail and wholesale foods in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. A total of 2,021 samples collected between 1999 and 2010 were tested using a culture method. Samples consisted of liquid eggs (n = 30), meat (beef and pork) (n = 781), offal (n = 69), processed meats (n = 2), seafood (n = 232), processed seafood (dried fish) (n = 76), vegetables (n = 481), processed vegetables (n = 87), fruits (n = 167), and herbs (n = 96) from 574 outlets and wholesale agents in 15 areas (five samples were undocumented regarding outlets). Overall, liquid egg showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher frequencies of Salmonella contamination (13.3%) than beef (1/423, 0.2%) and pork (3/235, 1.3%). Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, the most common serovar as a human pathogen, were isolated from two liquid egg samples. No Salmonella were isolated from seafood and vegetable-related samples including seed sprouts (n = 261). In conclusion, liquid egg is a significant Salmonella vehicle, showing a need to continue the vaccination of chickens to prevent S. Enteritidis contamination in Japanese eggs. Moreover, further study is needed to evaluate Salmonella contamination in seed sprouts with more sampling from retailers there.
Using pano-mapping tables for unwarping of omni-images into panoramic and perspective-view images

A unified approach to unwarping of omni-images into panoramic or perspective-view images is proposed. The approach does not adopt the conventional technique of calibrating the related parameters of an omni-camera. Instead, it is based on a new concept of a pano-mapping table, which is created once forever, by a simple learning process for an omni-camera of any kind, as a summary of the information conveyed by all the camera parameters. The learning process takes, as input, a set of landmark point pairs, in the world space and in a given image. With the help of the pano-mapping table, any panoramic or perspective-view image can be created from an input omni-image taken by the omni-camera, according to an analytic computation process proposed in the paper. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Reduced Complexity Sphere Decoder for Spatial Modulation Detection Receivers

In this paper a novel detection algorithm for spatial modulation (SM) based on sphere decoder (SD) tree search idea is proposed. The aim is to reduce the receiver complexity of the existing optimal decoder while maintaining an optimum performance. The algorithm performs a maximum likelihood (ML) search, only over those points that lie inside a sphere, centered at the received signal, of given radius. It is shown with the aid of analytical derivations, that for a SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) between 2~dB and 18~dB at least 45\% and up to 85\% reduction in the number of complex operations can be achieved with a close to optimal bit-error-ratio (BER) performance.
Work–family interface in the context of career success: A qualitative inquiry

Work–family researchers are increasingly recognizing the need to expand their focus to advance the field. One population largely neglected by work–family researchers is individuals who have been extremely successful in their careers. In addition, organizational career scholars have largely neglected the interplay between employees’ work and family lives. This study contributes to the work–family literature by studying work–family interface (WFI) in the context of career success. We sought to explore the lived experiences of 28 distinguished professors who are among the top 2–5% of scholars in their field, to provide an in-depth understanding of their WFI and the prominent factors affecting it over their careers. Our findings have theoretical implications for both work–family and career success literatures.
Ontogenetic changes in tracheal structure facilitate deep dives and cold water foraging in adult leatherback sea turtles

SUMMARY Adult leatherbacks are large animals (300–500 kg), overlapping in size with marine pinniped and cetacean species. Unlike marine mammals, they start their aquatic life as 40–50 g hatchlings, so undergo a 10,000-fold increase in body mass during independent existence. Hatchlings are limited to the tropics and near-surface water. Adults, obligate predators on gelatinous plankton, encounter cold water at depth (<1280 m) or high latitude and are gigantotherms that maintain elevated core body temperatures in cold water. This study shows that there are great ontogenetic changes in tracheal structure related to diving and exposure to cold. Hatchling leatherbacks have a conventional reptilian tracheal structure with circular cartilaginous rings interspersed with extensive connective tissue. The adult trachea is an almost continuous ellipsoidal cartilaginous tube composed of interlocking plates, and will collapse easily in the upper part of the water column during dives, thus avoiding pressure-related structural and physiological problems. It is lined with an extensive, dense erectile vascular plexus that will warm and humidify cold inspired air and possibly retain heat on expiration. A sub-luminal lymphatic plexus is also present. Mammals and birds have independently evolved nasal turbinates to fulfil such a respiratory thermocontrol function; for them, turbinates are regarded as diagnostic of endothermy. This is the first demonstration of a turbinate equivalent in a living reptile.
Residual stress preserved in quartz from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth

We report on measurements of residual stress up to 300 MPa with a microfocused synchrotron X-ray beam in quartz fragments in a cataclasite from the damage zone of the San Andreas fault, California (USA). Samples were extracted from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth drill core at a depth of 2.7 km. Stresses were derived from lattice distortions observed on Laue diffraction images. These stresses are distributed nonhomogeneously at the micron scale and are much higher than bulk-rock strengths of fault gouge, suggesting different processes at the microscopic and macroscopic scales. Our results indicate that residual lattice strain in quartz is a potential paleopiezometer to estimate stress in deformed rocks.
Efficient Methods on Predictions for Similarity Search over Stream Time Series

Due to the wide usage of stream time series, an efficient and effective similarity search over stream data becomes essential for many applications. Although many approaches have been proposed for searching through archived data, because of the unique characteristics of the stream, for example, data are frequently updated, traditional methods may not work for the stream time series. Especially, for the cases where the arrival of data is often delayed for various reasons, for example, the communication congestion or batch processing and so on, queries on such incomplete time series or even future time series may result in inaccuracy. Therefore, in this paper we propose two approaches, polynomial and probabilistic, to predict the unknown values that have not arrived at the system. We also present efficient indexes, that is, a multidimensional hash index and B+-tree, to facilitate the prediction and similarity search on future time series, respectively. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our methods in terms of I/O, prediction and query accuracy
Environment-assisted and feedback-assisted stabilization of quantum stochastic evolutions

We consider a class of pure-state preparation problems for stochastic quantum dynamics, by means of Hamiltonian control, continuous measurement and quantum feedback, in the presence of a Markovian environment. We prove that, whenever suitable dissipative effects are induced either by the unmonitored environment or by continuous-time measurements, open-loop time-invariant control is in principle sufficient to achieve stabilization of the target state (in probability). When this is not sufficient, we show that state stabilization can be attained for a wide class of models by the addition of a switching, filtering-based feedback control Hamiltonian.
Evidence for Hierarchical Processing in Cat Auditory Cortex: Nonreciprocal Influence of Primary Auditory Cortex on the Posterior Auditory Field

The auditory cortex of the cat is composed of 13 distinct fields that have been defined on the basis of anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Although an anatomically based hierarchical processing scheme has been proposed in auditory cortex, few functional studies have examined how these areas influence one another. The purpose of the present study was to examine the bidirectional processing contributions between primary auditory cortex (A1) and the nonprimary posterior auditory field (PAF). Multiunit acute recording techniques in eight mature cats were used to measure neuronal responses to tonal stimuli in A1 or PAF while synaptic activity from PAF or A1 was suppressed with reversible cooling deactivation techniques. Specifically, in four animals, electrophysiological recordings in A1 were conducted before, during, and after deactivation of PAF. Similarly, in the other four animals, PAF activity was measured before, during, and after deactivation of A1. The characteristic frequency, bandwidth, and neuronal threshold were calculated at each receptive field collected and the response strength and response latency measures were calculated from cumulative peristimulus time histograms. Two major changes in PAF response properties were observed during A1 deactivation: a decrease in response strength and a reduction in receptive field bandwidths. In comparison, we did not identify any significant changes in A1 neuronal responses during deactivation of PAF neurons. These findings support proposed models of hierarchal processing in cat auditory cortex.
Enabling Individualized Virtual Auditory Space using Morphological Measurments

Virtual auditory space (VAS) refers to the synthesis and simulation of spatial hearing using earphones or a speaker system. High-fidelity VAS requires the use of individualized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) which describe the acoutic filtering properties of the listener’s external auditory periphery. Because HRTFs are unique for each individual (“the auditory thumbprint”), a primary hurdle in establishing high-fidelity VAS for multimedia systems requires finding a technology that can reliably generate HRTFs matched to an individual listener in an economical fashion. In this work, a generative statistical model of HRTFs for a population of 36 people was employed in a psychoacoustical experiment to examine the sensitivity of human sound localization performance (a measure of VAS fidelity), to individual differences in HRTFs. Additionally, the relationship within the population between an individual's HRTF and the morphology of the individual's external auditory periphery was examined using methods of statistical analysis. The results indicate that the subjects were sensitive to approximately 60% of the individual variations in the population HRTFs and that their localization performance was remarkably accurate even when accounting for only 30% of individual variations. It is also shown that a functional model relating morphological measurements (of the external ear and head) to HRTFs is capable of reliably producing high-fidelity spatial hearing in VAS.
The impact of migration on the marital relations and personal development: with reference five villages in Walallawita Regional Secretary Division, Matugama

The family is the smallest unit in the society and it faces a large number of problems. In the current social set up, one of the major problems that a family encounters is finance. In finding solutions to financial problems, many poor householders resort to foreign employment. According to sociological findings, foreign migration creates many adverse sociological and psychological consequences. In this study, the researcher tried to find out the impact of migration on the marital relations. Miriswatta, Pahala Hewessa, Lihiniyawa, Kumbadoowa and Pelawatta in Walallawita were selected as the study location as there were many migrant workers in the area.Fifty samples were selected. The reports of Divisional Secretary Office and Grama Niladhari officers helped in selecting this sample. Forty husbands who have migrant wives and ten wives who have migrant husbands were included. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Out of the total sample, 64% migrant workers work in Middle East countries while the remaining 36% in other countries like Korea, Singapore and Maldives. Saudi Arabia was selected by most of female migrant workers. It is more than 75%. 92% migrant workers are working as housemaids. Most of them are female. Remigration can be identified in this selected sample. 72% migrant workers have migrated more than once. A large number of problems can be identified in these families. The major target of these migrant workers is to build a new house. But 90% migrant workers could not reach it. Many husbands were addicted to alcohol and cigarettes. Alcohol was used by 80% husbands daily. 60% of men and women who migrated did not approve this. They were in the view that the migration is not the best way to earn money. 76% percents of parents (who have migrant father or mother) have faced a lot of problems with their children. Many fathers have faced diffulties in feeding, protecting and solving problems of their children. According to the ideas of the sample, children who have migrant parents in the Middle East may have less personality than other children. 64% agreement can be identified from the sample about the negative personal 40 Journal of Social Sciences – Sri Lanka development of children because of their parental migration. There could be more than 75% agreement by the sample about the high possibility of family problems because of migration. Both set of analyzed data reveal that the migration for foreign employment has directly affected not only the marital relations, but also their children’s personal development.
Does Motor Simulation Theory Explain the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Motor Imagery? A Critical Review

Motor simulation theory (MST; Jeannerod, 2001) purports to explain how various action-related cognitive states relate to actual motor execution. Specifically, it proposes that motor imagery (MI; imagining an action without executing the movements involved) shares certain mental representations and mechanisms with action execution, and hence, activates similar neural pathways to those elicited during the latter process. Furthermore, MST postulates that MI works by rehearsing neural motor systems off-line via a hypothetical simulation process. In this paper, we review evidence cited in support of MST and evaluate its efficacy in understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying MI. In doing so, we delineate the precise postulates of simulation theory and clarify relevant terminology. Based on our cognitive-level analysis, we argue firstly that the psychological mechanisms underlying MI are poorly understood and require additional conceptual and empirical analysis. In addition, we identify a number of potentially fruitful lines of inquiry for future investigators of MST and MI.
Novel transitions in MHC isoforms: separate and combined effects of thyroid hormone and mechanical unloading.

Single-fiber (n = 3,818 fibers) electrophoretic analyses were used to delineate the separate and combined effects of hyperthyroidism (T3) and hindlimb suspension (HS) on the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition (1-, 2-, and 4-wk time points) of the rat soleus muscle. The key findings of this study are as follows. First, T3 and HS both altered the distribution of MHC isoforms at the single-fiber level; however, the populations of fibers produced by these two interventions were clearly different from one another. Second, T3 + HS rapidly converted the soleus into a fast muscle, producing large increases in the relative contents of the fast type IIx and IIb MHC isoforms which were primarily expressed in several populations of hybrid fibers (e.g., types I/IIa/IIx, I/IIx/IIb, I/IIa/IIx/IIb). Finally, T3 + HS produced unique populations of hybrid fibers that did not adhere to the Ileft arrow over right arrow IIaleft arrow over right arrow IIxleft arrow over right arrow IIb sequential scheme of MHC plasticity. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that the intervention of T3 + HS is a powerful model for manipulating and studying MHC isoform plasticity in slow skeletal muscle.
An example in Combinatorial

Steenrod cohomology operations are algebraic tools for distinguishing non–homeo-morphic topological spaces. In this paper, starting off from the general method developed in [4] for Steenrod squares and Steenrod reduced powers, we present an explicit combinatorial formulation for the Steenrod reduced power P p 1 : H q (X; F p) → H qp−1 (X; F p), at cocycle level, where p is an odd prime, q a non–negative integer, X a simplicial set and F p the finite field with p elements. We design an algorithm for computing P p 1 on the cohomology of the classifying space of Z p and we generalize this process to any simplicial set at cohomology level.