Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reshaping Public Participation Institutions through Academic Workshops: The ‘Gardens of Art’ International Urban Workshop in Wroclaw, Poland

Abstract This paper recounts our experiences of community participation, student education and stakeholder learning in Poland, based on the ‘Gardens of Art’ (GoA) workshop that the authors and several other colleagues run in the summer of 2009. Twenty years after the fall of the communist regime the country's planning system finds itself gridlocked by impasses between planners and civic society resulting, as we argue, from the lack of effective formal and informal consultation mechanisms. The ‘Gardens of Art’ workshop offered an opportunity to demonstrate in practice how such impasses could be overcome in an incremental way which takes into account the local sensitivities about and expectations from public participation as well as the local understanding of the role of planning and planners.
PDE approach to the problem of online prediction with expert advice: a construction of potential-based strategies

We consider a sequence of repeated prediction games and formally pass to the limit. The supersolutions of the resulting non-linear parabolic partial differential equation are closely related to the potential functions in the sense of N. \,Cesa-Bianci, G. \,Lugosi (2003). Any such supersolution gives an upper bound for forecaster's regret and suggests a potential-based prediction strategy, satisfying the Blackwell condition. A conventional upper bound for the worst-case regret is justified by a simple verification argument.
Male and Female Sources in Newspaper Coverage of Male and Female Candidates in Open Races for Governor in 2002

This study assessed how capital city newspapers used male and female experts and nonexpert, uncommitted sources in covering open races for governorships in 2002. It examined 4 states with a female nominee and 5 states where both major candidates were male. Regardless of the candidates' gender, the overwhelming majority of nonpartisan sources cited were male. Female nonexpert sources appeared far less than their proportion in the population. The story proportion of women experts even intensified the gender imbalance of experts recommended by university news bureaus. Female reporters, however, had a greater tendency than their male colleagues to cite female nonpartisan sources.
Breast Cancer-Derived Microparticles Display Tissue Selectivity in the Transfer of Resistance Proteins to Cells

Microparticles (MPs) play a vital role in cell communication by facilitating the horizontal transfer of cargo between cells. Recently, we described a novel “non-genetic” mechanism for the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells by intercellular transfer of functional P-gp, via MPs. MDR is caused by the overexpression of the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1 (MRP1). These transporters efflux anticancer drugs from resistant cancer cells and maintain sublethal intracellular drug concentrations. By conducting MP transfer experiments, we show that MPs derived from DX breast cancer cells selectively transfer P-gp to malignant MCF-7 breast cells only, in contrast to VLB100 leukaemic cell-derived MPs that transfer P-gp and MRP1 to both malignant and non-malignant cells. The observed transfer selectivity is not the result of membrane restrictions for intercellular exchange, limitations in MP binding to recipient cells or the differential expression of the cytoskeletal protein, Ezrin. CD44 (isoform 10) was found to be selectively present on the breast cancer-derived MPs and not on leukaemic MPs and may contribute to the observed selective transfer of P-gp to malignant breast cells observed. Using the MCF-7 murine tumour xenograft model we demonstrated the stable transfer of P-gp by MPs in vivo, which was found to localize to the tumour core as early as 24 hours post MP exposure and to remain stable for at least 2 weeks. These findings demonstrate a remarkable capacity by MPs to disseminate a stable resistant trait in the absence of any selective pressure.
Beneficial effect of 1-year etanercept treatment on the lipid profile in responding patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the ETRA study

Background Effective anti-inflammatory treatment with tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors may have favourable effects on the lipid profile. Available evidence is derived from short-term studies, and it is not clear whether TNFα inhibitors have a similar effect on the lipid profile in responders and non-responders to the treatment. Objectives To investigate the effect of long-term etanercept treatment on the lipid profile in a large sample of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), stratified for European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response. Methods Between 2004 and 2008, 292 consecutive patients with active RA (DAS28 >3.2) and a new etanercept prescription were included in an observational cohort. Clinical response variables and lipid samples were collected at baseline and after 4 months and 1 year of etanercept treatment. Generalised estimating equation analyses were used to investigate the longitudinal course of lipid levels in relation to clinical response variables. Results According to the EULAR response criteria, 76% of the patients were good or moderate responders at 4 months, and 85% of the remainder at 1 year. Significant changes in apoA-I (increased by 3.5% (p=0.002) at 4 months and 3.1% (p=0.005) at 1 year) and apoB/apoA-I ratio (decreased by 6.2% (p<0.001) at 4 months and 3.6% (p=0.025) at 1 year) were observed in EULAR responders. No significant differences were observed in EULAR non-responders at all time points. Conclusions Treatment with etanercept resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in the apoB/apoA-I ratio in patients with good or moderate EULAR response. This may have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular risk in patients with RA.
NF-κB regulates protein quality control after heat stress through modulation of the BAG3–HspB8 complex

We previously found that the NF-κB transcription factor is activated during the recovery period after heat shock; moreover, we demonstrated that NF-κB is essential for cell survival after heat shock by activating autophagy, a mechanism that probably helps the cell to cope with hyperthermic stress through clearance of damaged proteins. In this study, we analyze the involvement of NF-κB in basal and heat-stress-induced protein quality control, by comparing the level of multiubiquitylated and/or aggregated proteins, and proteasome and autophagic activity in NF-κB-competent and NF-κB-incompetent cells. We show that NF-κB has only a minor role in basal protein quality control, where it modulates autophagosome maturation. By contrast, NF-κB is shown to be a key player in protein quality control after hyperthermia. Indeed, NF-κB-incompetent cells show highly increased levels of multiubiquitylated and/or aggregated proteins and aggresome clearance defects; a phenotype that disappears when NF-κB activity is restored to normal. We demonstrate that during heat shock recovery NF-κB activates selective removal of misfolded or aggregated proteins – a process also called ‘aggrephagy’ – by controlling the expression of BAG3 and HSPB8 and by modulating the level of the BAG3–HspB8 complex. Thus NF-κB-mediated increase in the level of the BAG3–HspB8 complex leads to upregulation of aggrephagy and clearance of irreversibly damaged proteins and might increase cell survival in conditions of hyperthermia.
The health care and fiscal costs of the illicit drug use epidemic: The impact of conventional drug control strategies, and the potential of a comprehensive approach

In 1997 a public health emergency was declared in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside by the local health authority. To date, the response by provincial and federal health policymak- ers has been remarkably lacking in scope and magnitude, with the overwhelming majority of new resources going toward enforcement-based initiatives. This review outlines some of the health and fiscal costs of the injection drug use epi- demic. Furthermore, the review summa- rizes research to date on the impact and limitations of two of British Columbia's primary conventional approaches to address the drug problem: law enforce- ment and needle exchange. Finally, we review the available research on more controversial programs (such as heroin prescription and safer injecting facili- ties) that have successfully been employed elsewhere, and argue that a comprehensive approach that incorpo- rates harm reduction programs and expanded drug treatment are required to reduce the fiscal and social costs of the drug use epidemic. A public health crisis Illicit drug use is associated with cost- ly health, social, and community impacts. The effects of the drugs themselves, mental health issues, high rates of childhood abuse, homeless- ness, social marginalization, and poverty, all hinder drug users'abilities to reduce the behaviors that put them at risk of disease and death. 1,2 The health of drug users is further compli- cated by avoidance and erratic use of primary care services and over- reliance on emergency rooms and costly acute care. 3,4
Middle School Students Want More Than Games for Health Education on the Internet

Our aim was to assess the views of participants in the ‘the HOT project: Healthy Outcomes for Teens. Twelve focus group interviews (n = 42) were conducted using a structured questionnaire ranging from 2 to 5 per focus group. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by two investigators following content analysis. Emerging themes were consensus of research team. Three main themes emerged from the focus group data analysis with subcategories: kid appeal (social, entertainment, and information, that reflected why they used the internet, why and what they liked from the HOT project website), healthy living (diet, exercise, sleeping, friendship, and studying), and living with and without diabetes (those who had relatives with diabetes or not). Subjects appreciated the design, information, and entertainment. They had specific suggestions for increased fun, options for social interaction, broader health coverage for topics, and more depth and scenarios for diabetes information for those with limited exposure to the condition.
Establishment and characterization of embryonic stem-like cells from porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer blastocysts

Summary This study was aimed to establish embryonic stem (ES)-like cells from blastocysts derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pig. Somatic cells isolated from both day-30 fetus and neonatal cloned piglet were used for donor cells. A total of 60 blastocysts (46 and 14 derived from fetal and neonatal fibroblast donor cells, respectively) were seeded onto a mitotically inactive mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) monolayer and two ES-like cell lines, one from each donor cell type, were established. They remained undifferentiated over more than 52 (fetal fibroblast-derived) and 48 (neonatal fibroblast-derived) passages, while retaining alkaline phosphatase activity and reactivity with ES specific markers Oct-4, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), SSEA-4, TRA-1–60 and TRA-1–81. These ES-like cells maintained normal diploid karyotype throughout subculture and successfully differentiated into embryoid bodies that expressed three germ layer-specific genes (ectoderm: β-III tubulin; endoderm: amylase; and mesoderm: enolase) after culture in leukemia inhibitory factor-free medium. Microsatellite analysis confirmed that they were genetically identical to its donor cells. Combined with gene targeting, our results may contribute to developing an efficient method for producing transgenic pigs for various purposes.
Silence: a strategy used to deal with psychological distress by young people in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Reported high levels of distress in South African youth are worrying. This article presents an analysis of expression of distress from narratives of young people in Butterworth, Eastern Cape Province, in South Africa. Twenty-four females and 16 males aged 16–22 volunteered. Self-reported data were obtained through one-on-one audio-recorded in-depth interviews conducted in IsiXhosa, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Constant comparison analysis discovered underlying meanings for non-expression of distress related to fulfilling distinct but related purposes. First, silence was a strategy for containing a potentially explosive or hurtful situation. Second, silence showed gratitude for accrued benefits often constructed as parents’ or guardians’ generosity. Third, silence was maintained as a sign of deference; it was not a choice that participants made but rather they were conforming to standards of respect as set by their society. Lastly, silence was used to protect, in particular, the mother from distress. This study suggests that young people need to be empowered with appropriate and effective ways of handling distress not based on avoidance because silence as a strategy can only delay dealing with distressing issues.
Mitochondrial dysfunction , impaired oxidative-reduction activity , degeneration , and death in human neuronal and fetal cells induced by low-level exposure to thimerosal and other metal compounds

Thimerosal (ethylmercurithiosalicylic acid), an ethylmercury (EtHg)-releasing compound (49.55% mercury (Hg)), was used in a range of medical products for more than 70 years. Of particular recent concern, routine administering of Thimerosal-containing biologics/childhood vaccines have become significant sources of Hg exposure for some fetuses/infants. This study was undertaken to investigate cellular damage among in vitro human neuronal (SH-SY-5Y neuroblastoma and 1321N1 astrocytoma) and fetal (nontransformed) model systems using cell vitality assays and microscope-based digital image capture techniques to assess potential damage induced by Thimerosal and other metal compounds (aluminum (Al) sulfate, lead (Pb)(II) acetate, methylmercury (MeHg) hydroxide, and mercury (Hg)(II) chloride) where the cation was reported to exert adverse effects on developing cells. Thimerosal-associated cellular damage was also evaluated for similarity to pathophysiological findings observed in patients diagnosed with autistic disorders (ADs). Thimerosal-induced cellular damage as evidenced by concentrationand time-dependent mitochondrial damage, reduced oxidative–reduction activity, cellular degeneration, and cell death in the in vitro human neuronal and fetal model systems studied. Thimerosal at low nanomolar (nM) concentrations induced significant cellular toxicity in human neuronal and fetal cells. Thimerosal-induced cytoxicity is similar to that observed in AD pathophysiologic studies. Thimerosal was found to be significantly more toxic than the other metal compounds examined. Future studies need to be conducted to evaluate additional mechanisms underlying Thimerosal-induced cellular damage and assess potential co-exposures to other compounds that may increase or decrease Thimerosal-mediated toxicity.
[Effect of tanshinone IIA on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats].

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of tanshinone IIA on liver fibrosis in rats induced by CCl4. METHODS Model of liver fibrosis in rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 and malotilate was as positive control. The histological changes were observed with light microscope. The levels of ALT, AST, NO, HA, LN in serum and Hyp, MDA in liver tissue were determined to reveal the event liver damage. RESULT Tanshinone IIA could significantly reduce the elevate levels of ALT, AST, NO, HA, LN in serum and Hyp, MDA in liver tissue. Pathological examination suggested tanshinone IIA has therapecuical effect on experimental liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION Tanshinone IIA may have therapeutical effect on CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
Work and Friendship Ties in Organizations: A Comparative Analysis of Relational Networks

Perhaps the key "alternative strategy" we have in mind is that implied in the methodologies of White, Boorman, and Breiger (1976), and Burt (1976, 1977) for partitioning actors in a network into nonoverlapping structurally equivalent sets. Blockmodeling algorithms such as CONCOR proceed by correlating the columns of a binary choice matrix so that individuals with similar patterns of ties with others come to be defined as structurally equivalent. The practice of "stacking" choice matrices for different kinds of ties so as to obtain a partitioning based on multiple networks is also characteristic of this strategy.
Picture-Book Reading in Mother-Infant Dyads Belonging to Two Subgroups in Israel

NINIO, ANAT. Picture-Book Reading in Mother-Infant Dyads Belonging to Two Subgroups in Israel. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 587-590. This study investigated vocabulary acquisition in the context of joint picture-book reading in mother-infant dyads belonging to 2 social classes. 20 middle-class and 20 lower-class dyads were observed, the infants ranging in age between 17 and 22 months. In both groups interaction focused on the eliciting or the provision of labeling information. The most frequent formats consisted of cycles headed by "What's that? " questions, by "Where is X? " questions, and by labeling statements emitted by the mother. Cluster analysis revealed that these formats and other measures of input language fell into 3 groups, each apparently representing a different dyadic interaction style. In the high-SES group, each style was associated with the size of a different vocabulary in the infant: productive, comprehension, and imitative vocabularies. In the low-SES group, the proportion of maternal "what" questions was correlated with the infant's level, whereas "where" questions and labeling statements were not adjusted to the infant's level. Low-SES mothers talked less and provided less varied labels for actions and attributes. They asked less "what" questions and more "where" questions. High-SES infants had a bigger productive vocabulary, and low-SES infants had a bigger imitative vocabulary. The rate of development was slower in the low-SES group, as evidenced by lower correlations with the age of the infant.
Workplace learning during the science doctorate: what influences research learning experiences and outcomes?

This multiple narrative case study examines the experiences of six science doctoral students from a workplace learning perspective. For each participant, the following were gathered over 2.5 years: biographic questionnaires, 6–10 activity logs of a week’s experiences, 2 pre-interview questionnaires, and 2 semi-structured interviews. Amongst the six student cases, three pairs who shared similar learning experiences and outcomes were identified and termed the: positive-professional, positive-academic, and challenging-uncertain pairs. Students’ learning was driven by needs which emerged from research work. Experiences and outcomes were influenced by varying affordances and hindrances in/with: research projects, supervision, colleagues, and individual choices. Findings show the inter-relationship between different elements related to individuals and context(s) in science doctoral work, and patterns in these inter-relationships. Findings emphasise the importance of attending to the research work students engage in, and the affordances available to them, to ensure effective learning which can support students’ learning and career goals.
Large scale discriminative training for speech recognition

This paper describes, and evaluates on a large scale, the lattice based framework for discriminative training of large vocabulary speech recognition systems based on Gaussian mixture hidden Markov models (HMMs). The paper concentrates on the maximum mutual information estimation (MMIE) criterion which has been used to train HMM systems for conversational telephone speech transcription using up to 265 hours of training data. These experiments represent the largest-scale application of discriminative training techniques for speech recognition of which the authors are aware, and have led to significant reductions in word error rate for both triphone and quinphone HMMs compared to our best models trained using maximum likelihood estimation. The MMIE latticebased implementation used; techniques for ensuring improved generalisation; and interactions with maximum likelihood based adaptation are all discussed. Furthermore several variations to the MMIE training scheme are introduced with the aim of reducing over-training.
Gender differences in the perception of organizational influence tactics

A short incident describing a political influence attempt was given to 152 management level and professional employees. Subjects were then asked to complete short attitude scales pertaining to the characteristics of the actor and the incident. The experimental factorial design included three factors (1) sex of subject, (2) sex of influencing party, (3) sex of target of influence. The results suggest that males are more tolerant of political behavior than women. Subjects view political manipulators of their own sex more favorably than manipulators of the opposite sex. Subjects of both sexes are more tolerant of political behavior when the victim of the behavior is a member of the opposite sex rather than of their own sex. The results may suggest a growing inclination on the part of both genders to identify with members of their own sex as a meaningful coalition and react to organizational events in view of the implications to members of their own gender. Possible implications for research and intervention are suggested.
Measuring intra-operative interference from distraction and interruption observedin the operating theatre

An observational tool was developed to record distraction and interruption in the operating theatre during surgery. Observed events were assigned to pre-defined categories and rated in relation to the level of team involvement – the sum of which was treated as a measure of intra-operative interference. Many events (0.29 ± 0.02 per min) were observed and rated in 50 general operations sampled from a single operating theatre. The rating of individual events (r s = 0.65) and of cases (r s = 0.89) correlated between independent observers. Interference levels (1.04 ± 0.07/min) also correlated with door opening frequency (0.68 ± 0.03/min) (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). Some sources of interference were intrinsic to the work of the surgical team, including equipment, procedure and environment, while others were extraneous, including bleepers, phone calls and external staff. The findings highlight the need to further develop measures of interference, to assess its variation, intensity and its effect on surgical team performance.