Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Directional Broadcast for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Percolation Theory

For mobile ad hoc networks, network-wide broadcast is a critical network layer function supporting route discovery and maintenance in many unicast and multicast protocols. A number of broadcast schemes have been proposed; however, almost all of them assume the usage of omnidirectional antennas and focus on broadcast overhead in terms of the number of forwarding nodes. Directional antennas have narrow beams and can potentially reduce broadcast overhead in terms of the ratio of the number of received duplicate packets to the number of nodes that receive broadcast packets. In this paper, we propose to map probability-based directional and omnidirectional broadcast to bond and site percolation, respectively, and describe a collection of directional antenna-based broadcast schemes for mobile ad hoc networks. A thorough and comparative simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed schemes.
Profile of micronucleus frequencies and DNA damage in different species of fish in a eutrophic tropical lake

Lake Paranoá is a tropical reservoir for the City of Brasilia, which became eutrophic due to inadequate sewage treatment associated with intensive population growth. At present, two wastewater treatment plants are capable of processing up to 95% of the domestic sewage, thereby successfully reducing eutrophization. We evaluated both genotoxic and cytotoxic parameters in several fish species (Geophagus brasiliensis, Cichla temensis, Hoplias malabaricus, Astyanax bimaculatus lacustres, Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Steindachnerina insculpita) by using the micronucleus (MN) test, the comet assay and nuclear abnormality assessment in peripheral erythrocytes. The highest frequencies of MN were found in Cichla temensis and Hoplias malabaricus, which were statistically significant when compared to the other species. However, Steindachnerina insculpita (a detritivorous and lake-floor feeder species) showed the highest index of DNA damage in the comet assay, followed by C. temensis (piscivorous). Nuclear abnormalities, such as binucleated, blebbed, lobed and notched cells, were used as evidence of cytotoxicity. Oreochromis niloticus followed by Hoplias malaricus, ominivorous/detritivotous and piscivorous species, respectively, presented the highest frequency of nuclear abnormalities, especially notched cells, while the herbivorous Astyanax bimaculatus lacustres showed the lowest frequency compared to the other species studied. Thus, for biomonitoring aquatic genotoxins under field conditions, the food web should also be considered.
CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN A NON‐WESTERN CONTEXT: AN EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF SATISFACTION, COMMITMENT AND JOB CHARACTERISTICS ON SELF‐REPORTED OCB

This study examines organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a non‐Western context. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job characteristics and demographic variables were tested as predictors of OCB. Data were collected (n=153) from public and private‐sector organizations in the Sultanate of Oman. Results indicated that job satisfaction and normative commitment were significant predictors of OCB, while job characteristics were not. Age also proved to be a resilient predictor in this sample, with younger Omanis reporting lower satisfaction and OCB than older workers. Managerial and research implications are discussed.
Using hydrologic and hydraulically derived geometric parameters of perennial rivers to determine minimum water requirements of ecological habitats (case study: Mazandaran Sea Basin—Iran)

This paper studies one of the most important problems of dry countries that are confronted with water deficit and the competition of rivals to allocate water. Some common methods have been investigated for computing the minimum water requirement to save a river's biological activity. After a discussion of the currently used method in Iran (the Tenant Method), the application of some other methods, which are known as Hydraulic and Hydrological Methods, is illustrated. The case study is a river in the northern part of Iran and this research addresses the critical situation of this river in near future regarding the planned anthropogenic alteration and its consequences. It has been shown that the application of environmental water allocation methods that have no background in a region could be misleading. The first proposed method is the Texas Method, in which flexibility in water allocation helps to develop an integrated river management paradigm in the study area. The second preferred method is a Hydraulic Method, by which the implementation of morphological parameters or flow geometrical properties could sustain physical habitat within an acceptable range in terms of depth, width, velocity, and bed shear stress. In the case study, the Maximum Curvature Method was superior to the Slope Method. The investigation revealed that using a widely recommended slope of 1 for the discharge‐wetted perimeter function can lead to an overestimated and unacceptable discharge. The Tenant Method in respect to minimum environmental flow requirement yielded the weakest result, and it has been illustrated that its application might impose irrecoverable shock to the ecosystem. The Flow Duration Curve Method (the Q95 Method), in spite of its subjectivity, showed more compatibility with the river's condition in comparison with the Tenant Method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction Times and Electromechanical Delay in Reactions of Increasing and Decreasing Force

The purpose of this study was to compare reaction times and electromechanical delay between reactions to increase force from rest and reactions to decrease force from an active state in the quadriceps femoris of healthy young adults. Force, position, and electromyographic data were recorded from 35 subjects reacting to a forced knee-flexion perturbation. Electromechanical delay was assessed through cross-correlation of the filtered EMG and force data. Reaction time to increase force (M = 159.9 msec., 95% CI = 149.9–169.9 msec.) was significantly longer than RT to decrease force (M = 124.4 msec., 95% CI = 118.7–130.1 msec.). This difference was partially caused by a difference in electromechanical delay (RT to increase force electromechanical delay was 63 msec., 95% CI = 60–67 msec., greater than the RT to decrease force electromechanical delay of 49 msec., 95% CI = 46–52 msec.). This difference in reaction time could be important in identifying and interpreting physiologically meaningful changes in muscle force and in intermuscular coordination during movement.
Attitudes and Factors Related to Seeking Mental Health Treatment Among Medical and Dental Students

Abstract Medical and dental students (N =315) were surveyed about current psychological distress, treatment status, perfectionism, and attitudes about mental health services. Although 23.8% of the students reported clinical levels of distress, only 7.6% of the sample reported receiving mental health treatment. Many students expressed concern about the stigma of seeking professional help, and distressed students who were not in treatment had higher levels of socially-prescribed perfectionism and held more negative attitudes about mental health services than distressed students seeking help.
Presurgical connectome and postsurgical seizure control in temporal lobe epilepsy

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether patients with surgically refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) exhibit a distinct pattern of structural network organization involving the temporal lobes and extratemporal regions. Methods: We retrospectively studied 18 healthy controls and 20 patients with medication refractory unilateral MTLE who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy for treatment of seizures. Patients were classified as seizure-free or not seizure-free at least 1 year after surgery. The presurgical brain connectome was calculated through probabilistic connectivity from MRI–diffusion tensor imaging from 83 anatomically defined regions of interest encompassing the whole brain. The connectivity patterns were analyzed regarding group differences in regional connectivity and network graph properties. Results: Compared with controls, patients exhibited a decrease in connectivity involving ipsilateral thalamocortical regions, with a pathologic increase in ipsilateral medial temporal lobe, insular, and frontal connectivity. Among patients, those not seizure-free exhibited a higher connectivity between structures in 1) the ipsilateral medial and lateral temporal lobe, 2) the ipsilateral medial temporal and parietal lobe, and 3) the contralateral temporal pole and parietal lobe. Patients not seizure-free also exhibited lower small-worldness in the subnetwork within the ipsilateral temporal lobe, with higher subnetwork integration at the expense of segregation. Conclusions: MTLE is associated with network rearrangement within, but not restricted to, the temporal lobe ipsilateral to the onset of seizures. Networks involving key components of the medial temporal lobe and structures traditionally not removed during surgery may be associated with seizure control after surgical treatment of MTLE.
Hybrid sensibilities: highly skilled Asian Indians negotiating identity in private and public spaces of Washington, DC

This paper analyzes the expression of identities of first-generation (FG) immigrants from India in private and public spaces. Focusing on high-skill upwardly mobile professionals living in the Washington metropolitan area, the study found that despite “Indian” being a primary descriptor, these FG immigrants had developed hybrid identities that included Indian and American elements, considered themselves Westernized cosmopolitans prior to their arrival in the USA, and acculturated selectively in private and public spaces. Relatively privileged due to their socioeconomic class and anticipating little prejudice, these immigrants expected to navigate life in the receiving country with dexterity and ease by selectively expressing various aspects of their hybrid identities in different locales. Although not subjected to overt racism, they were surprised and distraught when confronted with slights that spoke of their separation from mainstream America in public and semi-public spaces, particularly when the marginalizing events occurred in spaces where they believed they belonged.
Selective Logging in the Brazilian Amazon

Amazon deforestation has been measured by remote sensing for three decades. In comparison, selective logging has been mostly invisible to satellites. We developed a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote-sensing analysis of selective logging in the top five timber-producing states of the Brazilian Amazon. Logged areas ranged from 12,075 to 19,823 square kilometers per year (±14%) between 1999 and 2002, equivalent to 60 to 123% of previously reported deforestation area. Up to 1200 square kilometers per year of logging were observed on conservation lands. Each year, 27 million to 50 million cubic meters of wood were extracted, and a gross flux of ∼0.1 billion metric tons of carbon was destined for release to the atmosphere by logging.
Fitting Engagement Into a Nomological Network

Engagement is an emerging job attitude that has been theoretically linked to both leadership and personality variables as well as important work outcomes. However, given the variations in construct definitions of engagement as well as limited existing empirical research, the authors empirically examined the nomological network of multiple measures of engagement based on Schaufeli’s three-factor engagement, Shirom’s vigor, and Britt’s one-factor engagement. Using data from an online survey of 382 working professionals, the authors conducted a series of hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. Results indicate strong relationships between engagement measures and personality (especially positive affect) and weaker relationships between engagement and leadership. Furthermore, multiple measures of engagement demonstrated significant relationships with the important work outcomes of turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and affective commitment. This research contributes to the literature on engagement by simultaneously examining multiple conceptualizations and measurements of work engagement and demonstrating leverage points for leaders to influence the state-like construct of engagement. Results suggested that engagement is related to important organizational outcomes and that engagement mediates the relationship between personality and organizational outcomes. Implications and suggestions for practice and future research are provided.
Select Parent and Family System Correlates of Adolescent Current Weight Status: A Pilot Study

In this exploratory, correlational study, the researchers examined the extent to which select family systems theory constructs were associated with self-reported current weight among a sample of 77 primarily non-Hispanic Black adolescents. We also explored the extent to which select parental and familial constructs (family cohesion, family conflict, family resources, and perceptions of weight), and parents' current weight status separately and taken together predicted adolescents' current weight. Bivariate analyses suggested that adolescents' self-reported weight status is correlated with factors from multiple levels in which the adolescent is embedded; adolescent weight status was positively associated with parent- and family-level factors. Furthermore, the exploratory regression model established the existence of a small significant relationship (22% of the variance) between the parent- and family-level constructs and adolescent weight status, with parents' perception of his or her own weight status and family resources being the strongest unique predictors. These findings point to the potential importance of systemic factors related to adolescent weight status.
South African Career Guidance Counsellors' and Mathematics Teachers' Perception of the Accounting Profession

The shortage of accounting professionals is well-documented. To address this shortage, greater numbers of school students should be attracted and enrolled in undergraduate accounting programmes. Unfortunately, school students may have misperceptions of the accounting profession. These misperceptions may result in potential entrants to the profession being lost to other professions. Secondary school teachers play an influential role in students' perceptions of future careers. This survey assessed the perceptions of the secondary school career guidance counsellors and mathematics teachers' perceptions of the accounting profession in South Africa in comparison to the medical, engineering and legal professions. The findings suggest that the accounting profession is held in lower esteem than the engineering and medical professions, but in higher esteem than the legal profession. The findings confirm previous research conducted in the USA, Australasia and Japan. Marketing and recruitment programmes should educate secondary school teachers as to the true nature of the accounting profession.
Nestin expression in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells of mice lacking glucagon signaling

Nestin, a marker of neural stem cells, is also expressed by cells located in the epithelium of the pancreatic primordium and by a subpopulation of exocrine cells but not by endocrine cells. These findings raised the possibility that the pancreatic epithelium is heterogeneous and comprised of subpopulations of exocrine/nestin‐positive and endocrine/nestin‐negative precursor cells. We examined this issue in two mutant mouse models characterized by protracted expression of several embryonal properties in islet cells. One mutant line comprises mice lacking mature glucagon due to abrogation of proprotein convertase‐2 (PC2−/−), responsible for the conversion of proglucagon into glucagon, while the second line consists of mice with a global deletion of the glucagon receptor (Gcgr−/−). We demonstrate that nestin is transiently expressed by acinar cells and by insulin and glucagon cells of islets of both lines of mice. In addition, the lack of glucagon signaling increased nestin mRNA levels in pancreas of mutant embryos and adult mice. We conclude that nestin+ cells located in the pancreatic primordium generate the cells of the endocrine and exocrine lineages. Furthermore, our results suggest that nestin expression is regulated by glucagon signaling. Developmental Dynamics 236:1126–1133, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of bleaching agents having a neutral pH on the surface of mineral trioxide aggregate using electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis

Aim: To investigate the effect of bleaching agents having a neutral pH on the surface of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) used as a coronal seal material for nonvital bleaching, beneath the bleaching agent, with the help of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Six samples of plastic tubes filled with white MTA (Angelus white) were kept in 100% humidity for 21 days. Each sample was divided into 2 and made into 12 samples. These were then divided into three groups. Group A was exposed to Opalescence Boost 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Ultradent). Group B to Opalescence 10% carbamide peroxide (Ultradent) and Group C (control group) not exposed to any bleaching agent. After recommended period of exposure to bleaching agents according to manufacturers' instructions, the samples were observed under SEM with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (JSM-6380 LA). Results: There were no relevant changes in color and no statistically significant surface structure changes of the MTA in both the experimental groups. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that even high concentration HP containing bleaching agents with neutral pH can be used on the surface of MTA without causing structural changes. The superior sealing ability of MTA and the high alkalinity would prevent cervical resorption postbleaching.
Detection of Chicken Proventricular Necrosis Virus (R11/3 Virus) in Experimental and Naturally Occurring Cases of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis with the Use of a Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Procedure

SUMMARY. A reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was evaluated for detection of chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) –affected chickens. The RT-PCR procedure was compared with indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and virus isolation for detection of CPNV in experimentally infected chickens. Microscopic lesions characteristic of TVP were detected on days 5–35 postexposure (PE) in CPNV-infected chickens; CPNV was detected by RT-PCR on days 3–14 PE in freshly collected proventriculi, and on days 1–14 PE in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) proventriculi. CPNV was detected in proventriculi of experimentally infected chickens by IFA on days 3–10 PE, and by virus isolation on days 1–14 PE. With IFA used as a reference, sensitivity of the RT-PCR procedure with freshly collected and FFPE proventriculi was 88% and 100%, respectively; specificity was 83% and 86%, respectively. Proventriculi (FFPE) obtained from suspect TVP cases (n = 19) were evaluated for presence of CPNV by RT-PCR and microscopic lesions consistent with TVP. CPNV was detected by RT-PCR in proventriculi from 8/11 TVP (+) cases (24/36 tissue sections). TVP (+) cases were defined by microscopic lesions characteristic of TVP; CPNV was not detected in proventriculi (0/8 cases, 0/32 tissue sections) in the absence of these lesions. The association between presence of TVP-characteristic microscopic lesions and presence of CPNV was highly significant (P = 0.0014). These findings indicate the utility of the RT-PCR procedure for detection of CPNV and provide additional evidence for an etiologic role for this virus in TVP.
Employers’ Perceptions of Online Accounting Education

The main focus of this research is on perceptions of accounting employers of those individuals obtaining their accounting education online. An online survey of accounting professionals was conducted, and the findings suggest that a candidate with a traditional education is more suitable for employment than a candidate with an online education. Also, the reputation of the candidate’s institution, as well as the candidate’s grade point average and work experience, all have an impact on an employer’s hiring decision. However, the perception of respondents is that online education is becoming more acceptable. Further, the online education experience of recruiters does not impact their hiring decisions.
Family correlates of internalizing and externalizing behavior among boys and girls enrolled in Head Start

This study examines the rate of internalizing and externalizing behavior and whether or not family factors influence internalizing and externalizing behavior differently depending on child gender. Sixty‐three Head Start parent–child dyads participated in this study. Rates of externalizing behavior at home for males and females were consistent with other published studies (18.2% and 22%, respectively) Only 4.5% of the males and 24% of the females were categorized as having clinically significant internalizing difficulties at home. Teacher reports of internalizing behavior for males and females were much higher than parent reports (18.2% and 22%, respectively). Depression contributed unique variance and was the only significant predictor of girls’ externalizing behavior, and approached significance as a predictor of boys’ externalizing behavior. Dissatisfaction with social support contributed unique variance and was the only significant predictor of girls’ internalizing behavior. Family factors were not correlated with boys’ or girls’ internalizing or externalizing behavior at school.
Swing: Realistic and Responsive Network Traffic Generation

This paper presents Swing, a closed-loop, network-responsive traffic generator that accurately captures the packet interactions of a range of applications using a simple structural model. Starting from observed traffic at a single point in the network, Swing automatically extracts distributions for user, application, and network behavior. It then generates live traffic corresponding to the underlying models in a network emulation environment running commodity network protocol stacks. We find that the generated traffic is statistically similar to the original traffic. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to reproduce burstiness in traffic across a range of time-scales using a model applicable to a variety of network settings. An initial sensitivity analysis reveals the importance of our individual model parameters to accurately reproduce such burstiness. Finally, we explore Swing's ability to vary user characteristics, application properties, and wide-area network conditions to project traffic characteristics into alternate scenarios.