Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental satisfaction with center-based child care and life satisfaction: Exploring the effects of parenting stress

Crnic and Low (2002) made a compelling argument that “perhaps nothing characterizes parenting better than the everyday challenges and caregiving demands that involve relationships with the developing child” (p. 243). Today, these relationships for children involve more adults beyond the parents. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that help parents to cope with stress and to determine the overall impact that parenting stresses have on satisfaction with child care and overall life satisfaction. The current study utilized a family stress model to better understand which variables had influence on the identified dependent variables. The influences of parenting stresses, parenting daily hassles, level of family coping, perceived teacher support, and sense of coherence were examined for their predictive qualities in determining satisfaction with child care and satisfaction with life. Participants were asked to complete an online survey consisting of demographic and open-ended questions, and measurements of each variable. The variables and the corresponding scales were Parenting Stress Scale to measure parenting stresses, Parenting Daily Hassles Scale to measure parenting daily hassles, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale to measure level of family coping, Caregiver Support Scale to measure perceived teacher support, Orientation to Life Scale to measure sense of coherence, Child Care Satisfaction Scale to measure satisfaction with child care, and Satisfaction with Life Scale to measure overall life satisfaction. Owners or directors of 246 private, center-based child care programs that offer Florida’s Voluntary Prekindergarten (VPK) program were asked to assist in the recruitment of parents. A total of 201 parents completed the survey. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 6.0. Overall, the model fit well with the observed data and thus supported the research question for this study that parenting stresses, parenting daily hassles, level of family coping, perceived teacher support, and sense of coherence can be integrated to predict satisfaction with child care and overall life satisfaction. The variable with the greatest total effect on satisfaction with child care was sense of coherence followed by parenting stress and perceived teacher support. The reported R explained 10.0% of the variance for satisfaction with child care. Similar results were found for satisfaction with life. The variable with the greatest total effect on satisfaction with
Respiratory Variability during Different Auditory Stimulation Periods in Schizophrenia Patients

Summary Background: Schizophrenic patients are known to have difficulty processing emotions and to exhibit impairment in stimuli discrimination. However, there is limited knowledge regarding their physiological responsivity to auditory stimuli. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the respiratory effects of two types of auditory stimuli with emotional content, classical Turkish music (CTM) and white noise (WN), on schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects. Methods: Forty-six individuals participated in the experiment, and respiratory signals derived from a strain-gauge were recorded. Two important respiratory patterns, respiration rate and depth, were analyzed. Results: The results indicated that the patients presented a significantly higher respiration rate than control subjects during the initial baseline and WN exposure periods. Although CTM evoked an increase in respiration rates and a decrease in respiration depths in the control group, no significant differences were found during the stimulation periods in the patient group. The respiration rate was lower in the post-stimulation period than during the initial baseline period, and no respiration depth differences were found for the WN, music or post-stimulation periods in the schizophrenia group. Patients exhibited a greater respiration depth than the control subjects over all periods; however, a significant difference between the patient and control groups was obtained in the second resting condition and CTM exposure period. Furthermore, to analyze the effect of symptom severity on respiratory patterns, patients were divided into two classes according to their Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to correlate respiratory differences with emotionally evocative stimuli and to refine our understanding of the dynamics of these types of stimuli in relation to clinical state and medication effects.
El rendimiento académico en función del sistema de evaluación empleado

En este trabajo se estudia el rendimiento academico en funcion del sistema de evaluacion y calificacion empleado en el ambito universitario. La muestra objeto de estudio esta formada por 30 asignaturas -impartidas por 35 profesores a 2192 alumnos de 7 titulaciones diferentes en 14 universidades de toda Espana-. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la evaluacion continua es la que propicia los mejores resultados no solo en cuanto a la Tasa de Rendimiento y a la Tasa de Exito, sino tambien en cuanto a las calificaciones obtenidas
Fast robust automated brain extraction

An automated method for segmenting magnetic resonance head images into brain and non‐brain has been developed. It is very robust and accurate and has been tested on thousands of data sets from a wide variety of scanners and taken with a wide variety of MR sequences. The method, Brain Extraction Tool (BET), uses a deformable model that evolves to fit the brain's surface by the application of a set of locally adaptive model forces. The method is very fast and requires no preregistration or other pre‐processing before being applied. We describe the new method and give examples of results and the results of extensive quantitative testing against “gold‐standard” hand segmentations, and two other popular automated methods. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:143–155, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Framework for Recording Recurrences, Reinjuries, and Exacerbations in Injury Surveillance

A previous injury can increase the risk of sustaining a similar injury by up to an order of magnitude. To understand the role of previous injury as a risk factor, it is necessary to consider, among other issues, the clinical status of the first (index) injury at the time of the subsequent (recurrent) injury: currently, the inconsistent use of descriptive terms for recurrent injuries makes this extremely difficult. Although recent consensus statements on injury definitions based on return-to-play criteria have provided a consistent methodology for recording and reporting index and recurrent injuries, these statements do not differentiate between the types of recurrent injuries that can occur. This paper presents a recording and reporting framework that subcategorizes recurrent injuries into reinjuries and exacerbations on the basis of whether a player was fully recovered from the preceding index injury, with the state of fully recovered determined by medical opinion. A reinjury is a repeat episode of a fully recovered index injury and an exacerbation is a worsening in the state of a nonrecovered index injury. With this more detailed framework, researchers will be able to investigate risk factors for reinjuries and exacerbations separately, and they will be able to investigate how well players have been rehabilitated before returning to full training and match play.
ERK activation and nuclear signaling induced by the loss of cell/matrix adhesion stimulates anchorage‐independent growth of ovarian cancer cells

Ovarian cancer metastasis involves the sloughing of epithelial cells from the ovary into the peritoneal cavity, where the cells can survive and proliferate in peritoneal ascites under anchorage‐independent conditions. For normal epithelial cells and fibroblasts, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is required to prevent apoptosis and for proper activation and nuclear signaling of the ERK MAP kinase. The mechanisms of ERK regulation by adhesion have been determined by our lab and others. In this report, we elucidate a novel means of ERK regulation by cellular adhesion in ovarian cancer cells. We demonstrate that ERK and its activator MEK are robustly stimulated after cell detachment from a substratum in several ovarian cancer cell lines, but not a benign ovarian cell line, independent of serum and FAK or PAK activity. MEK and ERK activation was sustained for 48 h after detachment, while activation by serum or growth factors in adherent cells was transient. Re‐attachment of suspended ovarian cells to fibronectin restored basal levels of MEK and ERK activity. ERK activity in suspended cells was dynamically controlled through an autocrine stimulatory pathway and prevalent phosphatase activity. Suspended cells demonstrated higher levels of ERK nuclear signaling to Elk1 compared to adherent cells. Inhibition of ERK activation with the MEK inhibitor U0126 had minor effects on adherent cell growth, but greatly decreased growth in soft agar. These data demonstrate a unique regulation of ERK by cellular adhesion and suggest a mechanism by which ERK may regulate anchorage‐independent growth of metastatic ovarian cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 875–884, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inactivation of Aerobic and Hypoxic Cells from Three Different Cell Lines by Accelerated 3He-, 12C- and 20Ne-Ion Beams

Abstract Furusawa, Y. , Fukutsu, K. , Aoki, M. , Itsukaichi, H. , Eguchi-Kasai, K. , Ohara, H. , Yatagai, F. , Kanai, T. and Ando, K. Inactivation of Aerobic and Hypoxic Cells from Three Different Cell Lines by Accelerated 3He-, 12C- and 20Ne-Ion Beams. The LET-RBE spectra for cell killing for cultured mammalian cells exposed to accelerated heavy ions were investigated to design a spread-out Bragg peak beam for cancer therapy at HIMAC, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, prior to clinical trials. Cells that originated from a human salivary gland tumor (HSG cells) as well as V79 and T1 cells were exposed to 3He-, 12C- and 20Ne-ion beams with an LET ranging from approximately 20–600 keV/μm under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Cell survival curves were fitted by equations from the linear-quadratic model and the target model to obtain survival parameters. RBE, OER, α and D0 were analyzed as a function of LET. The RBE increased with LET, reaching a maximum at around 200 keV/μm, then decreased with a further increase in LET. Clear splits of the LET-RBE or -OER spectra were found among ion species and/or cell lines. At a given LET, the RBE value for 3He ions was higher than that for the other ions. The position of the maximum RBE shifts to higher LET values for heavier ions. The OER value was 3 for X rays but started to decrease at an LET of around 50 keV/μm, passed below 2 at around 100 keV/μm, and then reached a minimum above 300 keV/μm, but the values remained greater than 1. The OER was significantly lower for 3He ions than the others.
Sustained Blood Pressure Elevation to Lower Body Compression in Pigs and Dogs

Inflatable suits were constructed for lower body compression in pigs and dogs. The suit for pigs encompassed hindquarters and part of the abdomen, and the smaller suit for dogs compressed only the hindquarters, leaving free the abdominal cavity. In conscious, diazepam-pretreated pigs, the compression lasted 30 minutes; during that period the blood pressure increased 50/38 mm Hg over the baseline. In chloralose-anesthetized dogs, the compression was extended to 3 hours; the blood pressure increase was 44/53 mm Hg. Blood pressure fell to the baseline immediately after decompression in both animals. In both species the substantial blood pressure increase was due to an increase of vascular resistance; this did not induce the expected baroreceptor-mediated bradycardia. In dogs, the blood pressure increase was accompanied by a large increase of plasma norepinephrine (from 179 to 975/). To test whether the increase of vascular resistance reflected the mechanical compression of the vessels under the suit, animals were pretreated with trimethaphan. In pigs the trimethaphan substantially decreased the vascular resistance and the blood pressure response. This indicated that a portion of the vasoconstriction occurred in areas outside the suit. Lower body compression is a new model to cause prolonged blood pressure elevation by noninvasive and nonpharmacologic means. The mechanism of the blood pressure elevation requires further investigation. (Hypertension 4: 782–788, 1982)
Eccentric Exercise Activates Novel Transcriptional Regulation of Hypertrophic Signaling Pathways Not Affected by Hormone Changes

Unaccustomed eccentric exercise damages skeletal muscle tissue, activating mechanisms of recovery and remodeling that may be influenced by the female sex hormone 17β-estradiol (E2). Using high density oligonucleotide based microarrays, we screened for differences in mRNA expression caused by E2 and eccentric exercise. After random assignment to 8 days of either placebo (CON) or E2 (EXP), eighteen men performed 150 single-leg eccentric contractions. Muscle biopsies were collected at baseline (BL), following supplementation (PS), +3 hours (3H) and +48 hours (48H) after exercise. Serum E2 concentrations increased significantly with supplementation (P<0.001) but did not affect microarray results. Exercise led to early transcriptional changes in striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS), Rho family GTPase 3 (RND3), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulation and the downstream transcription factor FOS. Targeted RT-PCR analysis identified concurrent induction of negative regulators of calcineurin signaling RCAN (P<0.001) and HMOX1 (P = 0.009). Protein contents were elevated for RND3 at 3H (P = 0.02) and FOS at 48H (P<0.05). These findings indicate that early RhoA and NFAT signaling and regulation are altered following exercise for muscle remodeling and repair, but are not affected by E2.
Pedestrian Lower Limb Injury Criteria Evaluation: A Finite Element Approach

Objective. In pedestrian traumas, lower limb injuries occur under lateral shearing and bending at the knee joint level. One way to improve injury mechanisms description and consequently knee joint safety is to evaluate the ultimate shearing and bending levels at which ligaments start being injured. Methods. As such data cannot easily and accurately be recorded clinically or during experiments, we show in this article how numerical simulation can be used to estimate such thresholds. This work was performed with the Lower Limb Model for Safety (LLMS) in pure lateral bending and shearing conditions, with an extended range of impact velocities. Results. One result concerns the ultimate knee lateral bending angle and shearing displacement measurements for potential failure of ligaments (posterior cruciate, medial collateral, anterior cruciates and tibial collateral). They were evaluated to be close to 16° and 15 mm, respectively. Conclusion. The lower leg model used in this study is an advanced FE model of the lower limb, validated under various situations. Its accurate anatomical description allows a wide range of applications. According to the validity domain of the model, it offered a valuable tool for the numerical evaluation of potential injuries and the definition of injury risk criterion for knee joint.
Using Gait Change for Terrain Sensing by Robots

In this paper we examine the interplay between terrain classification accuracy and gait in a walking robot, and show how changes in walking speed can be used for terrain-dependent walk optimizations, as well as to enhance terrain identification. The details of a walking gait have a great influence on the performance of locomotive systems and their interaction with the terrain. Most legged robots can benefit from adapting their gait (and specifically walk speed) to the particular terrain on which they are walking. To achieve this, the agent should first be capable of identifying the terrain in order to choose the optimal speed. In this work we are interested in analyzing the performance of a legged robot on different terrains and with different gait parameters. We also discuss the effects of gait parameters, such as speed, on the terrain identification computed by a legged robot. We use an unsupervised classification algorithm to classify terrains based on inertial measurement samples and actuator feedback collected over different terrains and operation speeds. We present the effects of speed on the terrain classification in our classification results.
Towards a Reference Ontology for Functional Knowledge Interoperability

Functionality is one of the key aspects of artifact models for design. A function of a device, however, can be captured in different ways in different domains or by different model-authors. Much research on functions has been conducted in the areas of engineering design, functional representation and philosophy, although there are several definitions and notions of functions. We view conceptualization of function is multiplicative in nature: different functions can be captured simultaneously from an objective behavior of an artifact under different teleological contexts of users/designers, or from different viewpoints (perspectives) of a model-author. Such differences become problematic for sharing functional knowledge among engineers. In this article, we attempt to clarify the differences of such perspectives for capturing functions on the basis of the ontological engineering. On the basis of a generalized model of the standard input-output model in the well-known systematic design methodology, we show descriptive categorization of some upper-level types (classes) of functions with references to some definitions of functions in the literature. Such upper-level ontological categories of functions are intended to be used as a reference ontology for functional knowledge interoperability. One of the two usages here is to convert functional models between different functional taxonomies. A functional term in a taxonomy is (ideally) categorized into a generic type defined in the reference ontology. It is widely recognized in the literature that such an upper-level ontology helps automatic “mapping discovery” which is to find similarities between two ontologies and determine which concepts represent similar notion. The reference ontology of function might have such an effect. Another usage of the reference ontology is to integrate fault knowledge into functional knowledge and automatic transformation of FMEA sheets. The designer can describe an integrated model of both functional knowledge and fault knowledge. Based on ontology mappings, automatic transformations of FMEA sheets can be realized. In this article, we discuss the detail of the definitions of the upper-level categories of functions ontologically. Then, we give an overview of usages and effects of the upper-level categories as a reference ontology for functional knowledge interoperability.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Oceanographic investigation of the American Samoa albacore (Thunnus alalunga) habitat and longline fishing grounds

The American Samoa fishing ground is a dynamic region with strong mesoscale eddy activity and temporal variability on scales of <1 week. Seasonal and interannual variability in eddy activity, induced by baroclinic instability that is fueled by horizontal shear between the eastward-flowing South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) and the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC), seems to play an important role in the performance of the longline fishery for albacore. Mesoscale eddy variability in the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) peaks from March to April, when the kinetic energy of the SECC is at its strongest. Longline albacore catch tends to be highest at the eddy edges, while albacore catch per effort (CPUE) shows intra-annual variability with high CPUE that lags the periods of peak eddy activity by about 2 months. When CPUE is highest, the values are distributed toward the northern half of the EEZ, the region affected most by the SECC. Further indication of the possible importance of the SECC for longline performance is the significant drop in eddy variability in 2004 when compared with that observed in 2003 ‐ resulting from a weak SECC ‐ which was accompanied by a substantial drop in albacore CPUE rates and a lack of northward intensification of CPUE. From an ecosystem perspective, evidence to support higher micronekton biomass in the upper 200 m at eddy boundaries is inconclusive. Albacore’s vertical distribution seems to be governed by the presence of prey. Albacore spend most of their time between 150 and 250 m, away from the deep daytime and shallow nighttime sonic scattering layers, at depths coinciding with those of small local maxima in micronekton biomass whose backscattering properties are consistent with those of albacore’s preferred prey. Settling depths of longline sets during periods of decreased eddy activity correspond to those most occupied by albacore, possibly contributing to the lower CPUE by reducing catchability through rendering bait less attractive to albacore in the presence of prey.
Inhibition in Cognition

This highly accessible volume is the first new book on cognitive inhibition in over 10 years. It covers the broad range of cognition, from attention and performance through memory and language, from development and aging through pathology and psychopathology. It is essential reading for those striving to better understand the nature of and interactions among the mechanisms responsible for executive control and implementation of real-time cognitive performance.
Early-Life Health and Adult Circumstance in Developing Countries

A growing literature documents the links between long-term outcomes and health in the fetal period, infancy, and early childhood. Much of this literature focuses on rich countries, but researchers are increasingly taking advantage of new sources of data and identification to study the long reach of childhood health in developing countries. Health in early life may be a more significant determinant of adult outcomes in these countries because health insults are more frequent, the capacity to remediate is more limited, and multiple shocks may interact. However, the underlying relationships may also be more difficult to measure, given significant mortality selection. We survey recent evidence on the adult correlates of early-life health and the long-term effects of shocks resulting from disease, famine, malnutrition, pollution, and war.