Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Investors and Broker Types

Abstract We study the informativeness of trades via discount and full-service retail brokers. We find that trades via full-service retail brokers are statistically and economically more informative than are trades via discount retail brokers. This finding holds in every year over the 12-year sample period and in various subsamples. We also find that past returns, volatility, and news announcements positively relate to the net volume of discount retail brokers, but these variables are unrelated to the net volume of full-service retail brokers. Our results suggest that broker type selection bias is an important consideration in studying individual investors’ trades.
Outcomes of Family Involvement in Care Intervention for Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia

Background:Despite the increasing number of individuals with dementia relocated from caregiving at home to a nursing home, there is only a small body of literature examining the influence of institutional family-oriented practices on family member perceptions of care and family-staff relationships. Objective:The study tested the effects of the Family Involvement in Care partnership intervention on family members’ perceptions of their caregiving role, relationships with staff, and satisfaction with the care of relatives with dementia residing in special care units as well as the effects on staff attitudes toward families and staff satisfaction with a caregiving role. Methods:A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent groups and repeated pretest and posttest measures was used to examine the effects of the Family Involvement in Care intervention. The study recruited 14 Midwestern nursing home special dementia care units, matched by aegis and staff turnover, and randomized from matched pairs to experimental and control conditions. The samples included 185 family members and 895 staff. The Family Involvement in Care intervention is a protocol for family and staff negotiation of a written partnership agreement. Family caregiver outcomes were measured using instruments pretested for reliability and validity. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results:With adjustment for multiple tests, statistically significant beneficial intervention effects were found in three areas of family caregiver outcomes (emotional reactions to the caregiving role, perceptions of relationships with staff, and perceptions of care for relatives) and in one of three areas of staff outcomes (staff perceptions of the family caregiving role). For family members, effects were found for the measures assessing loss, captivity, staff disregard, resident activities, and physical care. Some of the intervention effects for family members were found only for caregivers of the same generation as the resident. For staff, effects were found for measures of dominion, disruption by family, and irrelevance of family. Conclusions:The results of the study indicate that the Family Involvement in Care intervention improves the caregiving experience of family members in nursing homes as well as nursing home staff attitudes toward family members. The intervention did not influence the perceived conflict with staff on the part of family caregivers or the perception of a partnership with family caregivers on the part of staff.
Working with street children

In September 1990 we became involved with the Centre for the Defence of the Child (CDM) in Brazil, hoping to participate in a survey of the lives of street children that was being conducted by the group. The CDM, a branch of its parent organisation The Young Street Vendors' Association, takes on individual cases of street children, providing crisis management with social, psychological, and legal support. It was decided to start a project of regularly taking a team of staff on to the streets and into the areas where the street children were, with the aim of providing a programme of support and self-esteem building, principally for the street girls. This project proved a success with the street children and remains so following our departure from Brazil.
The Incidence of Nominal and Real Wage Rigidities in Great Britain: 1978-98

This paper analyzes the extent of rigidities in wage setting in Great Britain over the 1980s and 1990s. Our estimation strategy, which generalizes the work of Altonji and Devereux (2000), models the notional wage growth distribution--the distribution of nominal wage growth that would occur in the absence of rigidities in pay--while allowing for the presence of measurement error in the data. The model then allows for the possibility that the nominal wage growth of a fraction of the workforce may be subject to a nominal or real downward rigidity. Our model suggests that real rigidities in wage setting are more prevalent than nominal rigidities, although the incidence of these real wage rigidities has fallen gradually over time. If firms cannot cut real wages in response to negative demand shocks they may resort to laying off workers. Our results support this microfoundation of the wage-unemployment Phillips curve: Workers who are more likely to be protected from wage cuts are also more likely to lose their jobs.
Does unauthorized school absenteeism accelerates the dropout decision? – Evidence from a Bayesian duration model

School absenteeism (or truancy) may be a signal of an ongoing process of student attrition that eventually leads to early school leaving. This article estimates how unauthorized school absenteeism accelerates the dropout decision. In particular, the timing of the dropout decision of truants is compared with the timing of regular school attendees using administrative data with insights into wrongly specified truancy spells. We correct in a Bayesian duration model for issues on data uncertainty and show that only a Bayesian structure on the data yields insightful and consistent results. The results indicate that the risk of truants to leave school early before the end of the compulsory education age increases with as much as 37.4%.
Communalism in the Punjab: The Arya Samaj Contribution

Few features of modern South Asian history have received more comment than communalism, its impact on the development of nationalism and its threat to the continued existence of a secular Indian state. For many supporters of Indian nationalism, communalism was the result of British machinations, of a “divide and rule” policy used to impede and, finally, to frustrate the ambitions of those who desired a free, united India. For the proponents of Pakistan, communalism was not an issue, since they premised their actions on the concept of “two nations,” one Hindu and one Islamic, which both sought to establish themselves as political entities. Their world was defined by religion and what others called communalism was nationalism in such a world. Communalism exists as a historic reality and a common though ambiguous and increasingly pejorative analytic concept.
EFFECT OF EWOW AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON PRODUCT ADOPTION INTENTION Tuan Minh Phung

Since technological advancements have played an indispensable piece of the world economy lately, forecasting the acceptance of customers towards these innovations has turned into a noteworthy objective of not only numerous scientists in the scholarly community but also practitioners. Therefore, this study is to examine the effect of eWOM (electronic word-of-mouth) and social influence on product adoption intention in the mobile phone context. A conceptual framework has been proposed, in which four parts of the extended version of Information Adoption Model (IAM) and social influence affect information adoption intention and the willingness of consumers to adoption a high tech device. The samples were gathered from mobile phone users in Vietnam and put into data analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that although eWOM which is the information sharing on online context does not have a direct impact on customer’s intention to adopt new products, it still has an indirect effect on consumer behavioral intention through mediate variables namely information usefulness and information adoption in this context. Moreover, social influence has been confirmed for its strong effect on adoption intention of users. Finally, managerial implications are provided based on research findings.
Advantages of replacing the total PSA assay with the assay for PSA‐α1‐antichymotrypsin complex for the screening and management of prostate cancer

Several advantages become immediately apparent when the prostate specific antigen (PSA, or tPSA) assay is replaced by the assay specific for the serum PSA‐α1‐antichymotrypsin (PSA‐ACT) complex. For instance, random contributions to the tPSA value by various serum minor PSA isoforms can be avoided, making possible the determination of a more accurate relation of the PSA‐ACT concentration to the tumor activity. Discrepancies in percent free PSA (% fPSA) values from the same specimens due to the use of different commercial kits also can be eliminated, mainly because the PSA‐ACT assay does not have the problems in antibody selection and calibrator preparation usually associated with the tPSA assay. We found that at the present time different cutoffs of % fPSA for the differentiation of BPH from prostate cancer must be established for each individual tPSA assay. Cutoffs established using values from one tPSA assay should not be used for making clinical decisions when their tPSA values are determined by a different kit. Moreover, when we monitored the patients during treatment with serum tPSA, specific fPSA, and specific PSA‐ACT complex assays simultaneously, it was clear that any interpretation of the patient's clinical status based on tPSA values alone could be misleading. Because there is less PSA‐ACT complex in BPH specimens relative to that found in cancer serum samples, expressing fPSA as “fPSA/PSA‐ACT × 100” and measuring PSA‐ACT complex concentrations instead of tPSA during screening improve the measurable contrast between BPH and prostate cancer. Although individually modest, collectively these advantages can add up to considerable improvements. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 12:32–40, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resolvin D3 Is Dysregulated in Arthritis and Reduces Arthritic Inflammation

Uncontrolled inflammation is a unifying component of many chronic inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. Resolvins (Rvs) are a new family from the endogenous specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) that actively stimulate resolution of inflammation. In this study, using lipid mediator metabololipidomics with murine joints we found a temporal regulation of endogenous SPMs during self-resolving inflammatory arthritis. The SPMs present in self-resolving arthritic joints include the D-series Rvs, for example, RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, and RvD4. Of note, RvD3 levels were reduced in inflamed joints from mice with delayed-resolving arthritis when compared with self-resolving inflammatory arthritis. RvD3 was also reduced in serum from rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with healthy controls. RvD3 administration reduced joint leukocytes as well as paw joint eicosanoids, clinical scores, and edema. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for dysregulated endogenous RvD3 levels in inflamed paw joints and its potent actions in reducing murine arthritis.
How Can the Safety Culture Perspective be Applied to Road Traffic?

Recent research suggests that the concept of safety culture, specified as traffic safety culture, may have great potential for improving traffic safety. However, as the safety culture concept has been traditionally applied to an organization and its members, the main aim of this paper is to examine how the concept can be applied to road traffic. This is largely a question of which analytical unit the traffic safety culture concept could be applied to. This paper examines three alternatives: (1) local communities, (2) nations, and (3) peer groups. These alternatives are evaluated against four criteria: (A) Is it well defined? (B) Can it be used to explain traffic safety behaviour? (C) Is it possible to influence? (D) Does it provide new insights into traffic safety problems? This paper concludes that while the local community alternative and national alternative appear too heterogeneous, the peer group alternative provides what seems to be a new and promising basis for targeted traffic safety interventions. The discussion indicates, however, issues that need to be examined in further research.
Cancer statistics, 2017

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2017, 1,688,780 new cancer cases and 600,920 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. For all sites combined, the cancer incidence rate is 20% higher in men than in women, while the cancer death rate is 40% higher. However, sex disparities vary by cancer type. For example, thyroid cancer incidence rates are 3‐fold higher in women than in men (21 vs 7 per 100,000 population), despite equivalent death rates (0.5 per 100,000 population), largely reflecting sex differences in the “epidemic of diagnosis. ” Over the past decade of available data, the overall cancer incidence rate (2004‐2013) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2005‐2014) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. From 1991 to 2014, the overall cancer death rate dropped 25%, translating to approximately 2,143,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the cancer death rate was 15% higher in blacks than in whites in 2014, increasing access to care as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act may expedite the narrowing racial gap; from 2010 to 2015, the proportion of blacks who were uninsured halved, from 21% to 11%, as it did for Hispanics (31% to 16%). Gains in coverage for traditionally underserved Americans will facilitate the broader application of existing cancer control knowledge across every segment of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:7–30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS OF TEACHERS' SENSE OF EFFICACY IN TWO STUDENT TEACHING PROGRAMS

Teacher educators seek to know which personal and environmental factors influence student teachers’ confidence and performance. Two university-based agricultural student teaching programs were compared to determine differences in personal factors, environmental factors, and teachers’ sense of efficacy. Student teachers entered their student teaching experiences already feeling efficacious, and their sense of efficacy did not change at the end of the student teaching experience. Student teachers’ perception of the student teaching experience was related to their sense of efficacy. Student teachers in the two programs were similarly efficacious, yet they were different on four personal and environmental factors. Student teachers are likely influenced by a variety of sources of self-efficacy. Student teachers from Ohio State University taught fewer class preparations and were more involved in agricultural education as high school students. Student teachers from the University of Illinois perceived their principals as being more supportive and their cooperating teachers as being more competent.
Combined cutting balloon angioplasty and intracoronary beta radiation for treatment of in‐stent restenosis: Clinical outcomes and effect of pullback radiation for long lesions

Intracoronary beta (β) radiation decreases the incidence of target lesion revascularization after percutaneous intervention (PCI) for in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Cutting balloon (CB) angioplasty may also be superior to other percutaneous techniques for the treatment of ISR. We sought to study the outcomes of patients with ISR who underwent both CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation and compare them to patients with ISR who underwent other PCI techniques without concomitant radiation. We also sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pullback intracoronary β radiation for the treatment of long ISR lesions. Between January 2001 and November 2001, 102 patients (mean age = 55 ± 13 years) with ISR underwent both CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation. β radiation was delivered using the Beta Cath (Novoste) 30 mm system, and pullback radiation was performed in 41 patients. A comparison group included a total of 393 patients with ISR who underwent other PCI techniques without concomitant intracoronary radiation therapy. Follow‐up was obtained in 99 patients (97%) in the CB angioplasty with intracoronary radiation group and 377 patients (96%) in the comparison group. At follow‐up, both target vessel revascularization (TVR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred significantly less in the CB angioplasty with intracoronary radiation group than in the comparison group (7% vs. 18% for TVR, and 14% vs. 24% for MACE; P < 0.05 for both). In the pullback radiation group, TVR was performed in five patients (12%), and MACE occurred in eight patients (20%). A combination of CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation for ISR seems to yield low rates of subsequent target vessel revascularization and adverse cardiac events. In addition, pullback β radiation using the Beta Cath (Novoste) 30 mm system is safe and can be used to treat long ISR lesions effectively. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:325–329. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterogeneous global crop yield response to biochar: a meta-regression analysis

Biochar may contribute to climate change mitigation at negative cost by sequestering photosynthetically fixed carbon in soil while increasing crop yields. The magnitude of biochar’s potential in this regard will depend on crop yield benefits, which have not been well-characterized across different soils and biochars. Using data from 84 studies, we employ meta-analytical, missing data, and semiparametric statistical methods to explain heterogeneity in crop yield responses across different soils, biochars, and agricultural management factors, and then estimate potential changes in yield across different soil environments globally. We find that soil cation exchange capacity and organic carbon were strong predictors of yield response, with low cation exchange and low carbon associated with positive response. We also find that yield response increases over time since initial application, compared to non-biochar controls. High reported soil clay content and low soil pH were weaker predictors of higher yield response. No biochar parameters in our dataset—biochar pH, percentage carbon content, or temperature of pyrolysis—were significant predictors of yield impacts. Projecting our fitted model onto a global soil database, we find the largest potential increases in areas with highly weathered soils, such as those characterizing much of the humid tropics. Richer soils characterizing much of the world’s important agricultural areas appear to be less likely to benefit from biochar.
Phylogeography analysis and molecular evolution patterns of the nematode parasite Heligmosomum mixtum based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

Mitochondrial DNA was explored to study phylogeography of the nematode parasite Heligmosomum mixtum and elucidate molecular evolution pattern of cytochrome b gene. The size of cyt b gene ranged from 511 bp to 591 bp and the average of GC contents was 28.9%. The overall transition/transversion ratio R was 5.773 indicating that the transitions are more frequent than transversion. The aligned sequences allowed identifying 54 mtDNA haplotypes among the 119 examined individuals. The genetic divergence registered among the populations of H. mixtum was low (0.3% to 1.5%). Neighbor-joining and maximum Likelihood trees evidenced a huge polytomy and unstructured phylogeographic pattern among the studied populations. The demographic analyses tend to evidence a recent and rapid expansion of H. mixtum. Our results imply a positive selection and the genetic hitchhiking effect is unlikely. Parameters performed supported scenario of sweep selection and recent expansion of H.mixtum populations. Both positive selection and demographic histories have jointly contributed to the observed patterns of nucleotide diversity and haplotypes structure. The comparison of the phylogeographical pattern of H. mixtum with the one of its most common rodent host M. glareolus, confirmed a strong incongruence between the two species. These results strongly suggest that the parasite would not be specific to M. glareolus and that it would switch easily from one rodent species to another. The mitochondrial diversity seems to be unstructured with any biogeographic repartition of the variability and that the genetic structure of H. mixtum is probably associated with weak host specificity.
Intranasal midazolam: a comparison of two delivery devices in human volunteers

Bidirectional nasal drug delivery is a new administration principle with improved deposition pattern that may increase nasal drug uptake. Twelve healthy subjects were included in this open, non‐randomized 3‐way crossover study: midazolam (3.4 mg) intravenously (1 mg mL−1), or nasally by bidirectional or traditional spray (2 × 100 μL of a 17 mg mL−1 nasal midazolam formulation). The primary outcome was bioavailability. Blood samples were drawn for 6 h for determination (gas‐chromatography‐mass‐spectrometry) of midazolam and 1‐OH‐midazolam. Pharmacokinetic calculations were based on non‐compartmental modelling, sedation assessed by a subjective 0–10 NRS‐scale, and nasal dimensions by non‐invasive acoustic rhinometry. Mean bioavailabilities were 0.68‐0.71, and Tmax 15 min for the sprays, which also were bioequivalent (ratio geometric means (90%) CI: 97.6% (90% CI 83.5; 113.9)). Sedation after bidirectional spray followed intravenous sedation closely, while sedation after the traditional spray was less pronounced. A negative correlation between Cmax and smallest cross‐sectional area was seen. Adverse effects such as local irritation did not differ significantly between the sprays. Apparently bidirectional delivery did not increase systemic bioavailability of midazolam. We cannot disregard that only the traditional spray caused less sedation than intravenous administration. This finding needs to be confirmed in trials designed for this purpose.