Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shame and Relapse Issues with the Chemically Dependent Client

There has been increased understanding and recognition concerning the contribution of shame to chemical dependency problems. Twelve-step programs are considered to be important and helpful not only for sobriety, but in the processing through of shame-based conflicts. But for many recovering chemically dependent persons, shame-based conflicts will not be sufficiently addressed in 12-step groups. This article describes how shame can contribute to relapse for recovering chemically dependents and emphasizes the importance of resolving shame-based conflicts. A case study is presented.
Religion in Hellenistic Athens

Until now, there has been no comprehensive study of religion in Athens from the end of the classical period to the time of Rome's domination of the city. Jon D. Mikalson provides a chronological approach to religion in Hellenistic Athens, disproving the widely held belief that Hellenistic religion during this period represented a decline from the classical era. Drawing from epigraphical, historical, literary, and archaeological sources, Mikalson traces the religious cults and beliefs of Athenians from the battle of Chaeroneia in 338 B.C. to the devastation of Athens by Sulla in 86 B.C., demonstrating that traditional religion played a central and vital role in Athenian private, social, and political life. Mikalson describes the private and public religious practices of Athenians during this period, emphasizing the role these practices played in the life of the citizens and providing a careful scruntiny of individual cults. He concludes his study by using his findings from Athens to call into question several commonly held assumptions about the general development of religion in Hellenistic Greece.
Putting emotion into the self: a response to the 2008 Journal of Moral Education Special Issue on moral functioning

This paper takes as its starting point the Journal of Moral Education Special Issue (September, 2008, 37[3]) ‘Towards an integrated model of moral reasoning’. Although explicitly post‐Kohlbergian, the authors in this Special Issue do not, I argue, depart far enough from Kohlberg’s impoverished notion of the role of the affective in moral life—or when they do so depart, they incorporate emotions as mere intuitive thrusts in an essentially polarised two‐system view of the moral self. Prior to that complaint, I sketch an account of two contrasting self‐paradigms: a ‘dominant’ cognitive, anti‐realist (constructivist) paradigm and an ‘alternative’ realist and emotion‐based one. I explore the implications of the latter paradigm, which I endorse, for our understanding of the ‘emotional self’: a self imbued with and constituted by (potentially rationally grounded) emotions. I finally contrast that understanding with the one permeating the Special Issue and elicit some educational implications of the alternative paradigm.
Conversational Topics Between a Child with Complex Communication Needs and her Caregiver at Mealtime

Naturalistic mealtime interactions between a child with complex communication needs and her caregiver (focus dyad) and a child without disabilities and her caregiver (comparison dyad) were investigated. An activity-based communication analysis was used to outline the contextual background factors of the dyads' activities, and the dyads' conversational topics were analyzed. For the child and her caregiver (the focus dyad), the natural mode of communication at mealtime was unaided. Communication mostly concerned immediate mealtime issues. Other, shorter, topics were introduced but were also anchored to immediate issues. In contrast, the child and caregiver who comprised the comparison dyad conversed about a variety of personal topics that extended beyond the present. Topic patterns are exemplified using discourse excerpts and are discussed in relation to aided communication and development.
The behavior of volatiles on the lunar surface

Volatiles, and water in particular, have been thought to be unstable on the lunar surface because of the rapid removal of constituents of the lunar atmosphere by solar radiation, solar wind, and gravitational escape. The limiting factor in removal of a volatile from the moon, however, is actually the evaporation rate of the solid phase, which will be collected at the coldest points on the lunar surface. We present a detailed theory of the behavior of volatiles on the lunar surface based on solid-vapor kinetic relationships, and show that water is far more stable there than the noble gases or other possible constituents of the lunar atmosphere. Numerical calculations indicate the amount of water lost from the moon since the present surface conditions were initiated is only a few grams per square centimeter of the lunar surface. The amount of ice eventually detected in lunar ‘cold traps’ thus will provide a sensitive indication of the degree of chemical differentiation of the moon.
Critical role of ABCA1 transporter in sphingosine 1‐phosphate release from astrocytes

Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is accumulated in lipoproteins, especially high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), in plasma. However, it remains uncharacterized how extracellular S1P is produced in the CNS. The treatment of rat astrocytes with retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP, which induce apolipoprotein E (apoE) synthesis and HDL‐like lipoprotein formation, stimulated extracellular S1P accumulation in the presence of its precursor sphingosine. The released S1P was present together with apoE particles in the HDL fraction. S1P release from astrocytes was inhibited by the treatment of the cells with glybenclamide or small interfering RNAs specific to ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Astrocytes from Abca1−/− mice also showed impairment of retinoic acid/dibutyryl cAMP‐induced S1P release in association with the blockage of HDL‐like lipoprotein formation. However, the formation of either apoE or lipoprotein itself was not sufficient, and additional up‐regulation of ABCA1 was requisite to stimulate S1P release. We conclude that the S1P release from astrocytes is coupled with lipoprotein formation through ABCA1.
‘To the left, to the right’

The study of conservative women is expanding to compensate for the historic over-emphasis of gender and politics research on left-wing women. We add to this burgeoning literature and assess the extent to which the modern gender gap in political attitudes – where women have moved to the left of men – is evident among supporters of the British Conservative Party. We find that, like women party members, women Conservative supporters are noticeably to the left of men, but only on economic issues. This sex gap cannot simply be accounted for by women’s employment in the public sphere, lesser interest in politics or because they are more morally conservative than male Conservatives. These findings are likely to have serious implications for intra-party discipline, the support for the Conservative Party at the next British general election and, if replicated elsewhere, speak to what it means to ‘represent’ the interests of right-wing women.
Simulating the Predevelopment Hydrologic Condition of the San Joaquin Valley, California

The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) in central California has significant water management concerns given the high water demand for an increasing state population and for intense irrigation. The groundwater-surface water system in the area has undergone drastic changes since the employment of groundwater and surface water extractions for irrigation and mining, and is still responding to past and present stresses. In this study, we develop a pre-development hydrologic model of the SJV to serve as an appropriate initial state to analyze the influence of historic anthropogenic stresses. Specifically, the physically-based surface–subsurface numerical HydroGeoSphere model is used to examine the regional-scale hydrologic budget of the SJV at pre-development conditions, constrained by available historical data. As a result, complex hydrologic processes, including groundwater-surface water interaction along the major rivers and within wetland areas formed by flooded surface water, as well as evapotranspiration (ET) and impacted root zone processes were identified in the area. The presence and path of the major rivers in the domain are well defined in the model output. The general location and formation of the major wetlands simulated by the model, and the hydrologic processes that occurred within them have a fair agreement with historical records. There is also a fair match between simulated and estimated water table elevations. ET is a significant sink of both surface water and groundwater (44.8% of the water balance input). Successful simulation of the complex hydrologic processes and features, and the water balance of the natural system underscores the importance and necessity of using an integrated model, especially when available data is limited for input and calibration. This pre-development hydrologic condition should serve as a reasonable initial state for future transient runs that bring the model up to current hydrologic conditions capable of estimating present and future water budgets. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
To what extent are social work students in England and Denmark equipped to deal with child sexual abuse? A comparative discourse analysis between English and Danish social work education in relation to child sexual abuse

This research represents a pioneering comparative qualitative study focusing on the education of social workers in England and Denmark in relation to the social problem of child sexual abuse (CSA). It was carried out as part of a dissertation submitted to Aalborg University (Denmark) in September 2005. This was the final project in the educational programme leading to the Danish Masters of Science in Social Work (Den Sociale Kandidatuddannelse*Cand.scient.soc. programme) and the dissertation was successfully defended at examination (5 October 2005) and awarded a distinction. The organisation ‘Save the Children, Denmark’ sponsored the author to carry out research in England during the English research phase in March 2004.
International Journal of Health Geographics Open Access Spatial Accessibility of Primary Care: Concepts, Methods and Challenges

Primary care is recognized as the most important form of healthcare for maintaining population health because it is relatively inexpensive, can be more easily delivered than specialty and inpatient care, and if properly distributed it is most effective in preventing disease progression on a large scale. Recent advances in the field of health geography have greatly improved our understanding of the role played by geographic distribution of health services in population health maintenance. However, most of this knowledge has accrued for hospital and specialty services and services in rural areas. Much less is known about the effect of distance to and supply of primary care on primary care utilization, particularly in the U.S. For several reasons the shortage of information is particularly acute for urban areas, where the majority of people live. First, explicit definitions and conceptualizations of healthcare access have not been widely used to guide research. An additional barrier to progress has been an overwhelming concern about affordability of care, which has garnered the majority of attention and research resources. Also, the most popular measures of spatial accessibility to care – travel impedance to nearest provider and supply level within bordered areas – lose validity in congested urban areas. Better measures are needed. Fortunately, some advances are occurring on the methodological front. These can improve our knowledge of all types of healthcare geography in all settings, including primary care in urban areas. This paper explains basic concepts and measurements of access, provides some historical background, outlines the major questions concerning geographic accessibility of primary care, describes recent developments in GIS and spatial analysis, and presents examples of promising work. Review Access to primary healthcare is recognized as an important facilitator of overall population health. In the United States the majority of research and policy efforts to improve access and eliminate disparities in healthcare have focused on costs. Consequently we know quite a bit about the relationship between healthcare affordability and utilization rates. However, we know surprising little about how other barriers to healthcare effect utilization rates and population health. Chief among these less well understood barriers is geographic availability and accessibility of primary care providers. This knowledge deficit can now be more aggressively addressed, thanks to recent advances in the field of geospatial analysis, coupled with article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along …
How do professional developers comprehend software?

Research in program comprehension has considerably evolved over the past two decades. However, only little is known about how developers practice program comprehension under time and project pressure, and which methods and tools proposed by researchers are used in industry. This paper reports on an observational study of 28 professional developers from seven companies, investigating how developers comprehend software. In particular we focus on the strategies followed, information needed, and tools used. We found that developers put themselves in the role of end users by inspecting user interfaces. They try to avoid program comprehension, and employ recurring, structured comprehension strategies depending on work context. Further, we found that standards and experience facilitate comprehension. Program comprehension was considered a subtask of other maintenance tasks rather than a task by itself. We also found that face-to-face communication is preferred to documentation. Overall, our results show a gap between program comprehension research and practice as we did not observe any use of state of the art comprehension tools and developers seem to be unaware of them. Our findings call for further careful analysis and for reconsidering research agendas.
Cutaneous Vascular Responses to Acetylcholine are Mediated by a Prostanoid-Dependent Mechanism in Man

Approximately 50% of the forearm vasodilatation to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine is mediated by endothelium-derived nitric oxide. These conclusions have been derived from venous occlusion plethysmographic measurements of total forearm blood flow during co-infusions of acetylcholine and Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Since venous occlusion plethysmography measures total limb blood flow, the relative proportion of the measurement from skin cannot be determined precisely. To determine the effects of acetylcholine on skin specifically, we have used laser Doppler flowmetry to measure vascular responses to local iontophoresis of acetylcholine in the forearm of normal male volunteers. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of cutaneous vasodilatation to acetylcholine, vascular responses were measured before and after systemic inhibition of prostanoid production and nitric oxide synthesis by oral aspirin (600 mg daily for 3 days) and intravenous L-NMMA (3 mg/kg for 60 min), respectively. After aspirin administration, dose-dependent vascular responses to acetylcholine were reduced significantly by approximately 53% (p<0.005, ANOVA). In contrast, intravenous L-NMMA appeared to have no significant effect on cutaneous vascular responses to acetylcholine. While the role of nitric oxide is uncertain, vasodilatation to acetylcholine in the forearm skin is mediated largely by a prostanoid-dependent mechanism. Assessment of cutaneous vascular responses to iontophoresis of acetylcholine may, therefore, be useful in diseases where abnormal endothelium-dependent prostanoid function has been implicated.
The involvement of parents and nurses in the care of acutely-ill children in a non-specialist paediatric setting

The examination of both parents’ and nurses’ expectations and attitudes towards parental participation in the care of ill children in a community hospital, non-specialty setting was undertaken in this exploratory, qualitative research study within Australia. First, in this triangulated research study, 14 in-depth interviews with parents were carried out about their participation in the care of their ill children. Content analysis revealed that the four main themes were to do with parental factors including control, expectations, support and emotion; communication; the importance of being with your child; and the fact that mothers do the mothering and nurses do the nursing. Two focus group sessions were held with paediatric nursing staff. Content analysis confirmed real communication problems between nurses and parents. Implications that arose for nursing practice were for in-service workshops to improve communication between nurses and families as well as workshops to prepare students of university nursing programmes offering paediatric electives.
Focal Atrial Tachycardia II: Management

Over the last decade there have been significant changes in the treatment of focal atrial tachycardia (AT). This review concentrates on the different approaches to the treatment of focal AT. Initial therapies included antiarrhythmic medications and surgery. However, with the advent of radiofrequency ablation, and the poor efficacy of pharmacological therapy, there has been a shift toward a primary ablative approach. Several different mapping techniques have been proposed. The different techniques, including P‐wave morphology and advanced three‐dimensional mapping, are discussed in this review.
Objective and Subjective Overqualification: Distinctions, Relationships, and a Place for Each in the Literature

Erdogan, Bauer, Peiró, and Truxillo (2011) correctly point out that most studies in psychology and management use perceptual measures of overqualification. We extend their work by showing that subjective overqualification and objective overqualification are two separate and unique constructs and that each can add to the understanding of employee behavior. To demonstrate the value of considering both objective and subjective overqualification, we explore the causal relationship between the two. Next, we highlight some advantages of using cognitive ability as a basis for measuring overqualification. We then discuss intentional mismatch, defined as broad satisfaction despite overqualification when working conditions provide a fit with a worker’s values and interests outside the job (Maltarich, Nyberg, & Reilly, 2010).
A Process and Outcome Study Examining Career Indecision and Indecisiveness.

Despite the abundance of research on undecided and indecisive students, there is a lack of literature on the actual change process of counseling these individuals. No published studies have applied advances in single-subject methodology to career research. This study uses both process and outcome measures to investigate the counseling process with an undecided and indecisive college student to examine (a) what specific events were the most significant in each session, (b) counselor intentions in the “best” versus “worst” sessions, (c) role of the working alliance with career clients, and (d) differential counseling outcomes. Participants were two female counselors, one male undecided student, and one male indecisive student. Results (a) support previous speculation about the differential utility of interventions for undecided and indecisive clients, (b) suggest that the relationship may be important to clients in career counseling, and (c) raise questions about previously assumed intervention strategies for career clients.
Breast is best: Positive mealtime interactions in breastfeeding mothers from Israel and the United Kingdom

We examined mealtime interactions to assess whether they varied according to maternal body mass index, country and mode of feeding in 41 Israeli and UK mother–infant dyads. Feeding behaviours were coded using the Simple Feeding Element Scale. Significantly, more UK mothers breastfed during the filmed meal compared to Israeli mothers. Mealtime interactions did not vary according to maternal body mass index or country. Women who breastfed (as opposed to those who bottle fed or fed solids) provided fewer distractions during the meal, a more ideal feeding environment and fed more responsively.
The Effect of Endoscopic Olfactory Cleft Polyp Removal on Olfaction

Background The presence of olfactory cleft polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is well documented, but the effect of endoscopic olfactory cleft polyp surgery on olfaction, versus observation, has not been well studied. This analysis assessed if microdebridement of olfactory cleft polyps yields significant objective smell improvements in those with anosmia or hyposmia. Methods A randomized prospective single-blinded study was performed on patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery with profound bilateral nasal polyposis, excluding those younger than 18 years or without olfactory polyps. A preoperative University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), visual analog scale (VAS), and sinonasal outcomes 20 score (SNOT-20), and a follow-up at 6 months was performed. Two cohorts were created, including one with cleft polyp removal (group A) and one with cleft polyps left in place (group B). Results There were 10 patients in group A and 7 in group B. By using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the two groups were individually analyzed for changes in the preoperative UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 versus the 6-month test results. In group A, the improvement in the UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 were statistically significant at p < 0.05. For group B only the improvement in the VAS was statistically significant, at p < 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in clinical smell improvement between group A and B at 6 months (p = 0.00512). Conclusions Evidence exists that olfactory cleft polyp surgery improves olfactory function outcomes. Long-term data beyond 6 months is needed to further validate these early promising outcomes.
Tracking control in billiards using mirrors without smoke, Part I: Lyapunov-based local tracking in polyhedral regions

In this paper we formulate the tracking problem of a translating mass in a polyhedral billiard as a stabilization problem for a suitable set. Due to the discontinuous dynamics arising from nonsmooth impacts, the tracking problem is formulated within a hybrid systems framework and a Lyapunov function is given, which decreases during flow (continuous motion) and remains constant across jumps (impacts of the masses). To guarantee non-increase of the Lyapunov function at jumps, we introduce a novel concept of mirrored images of the target mass and prove that, with this concept, local tracking is achieved. Several simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach as compared to alternative solutions. In a companion paper [6] we address global results and generalize the local approach to curved billiards.