Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Spontaneous Gaze Patterns in Viewing of Faces of Different Species

Clear differences in perceptual and neural processing of faces of different species have been reported, implying the contribution of visual experience to face perception. Can these differences be revealed by our eye scanning patterns while we extract salient facial information? Here, we systematically compared non-pet-owners' gaze patterns while exploring human, monkey, dog, and cat faces in a passive viewing task. Our analysis revealed that the faces of different species induced similar patterns of fixation distribution between left and right hemiface, and among key local facial features, with the eyes attracting the highest proportion of fixations and viewing times, followed by the nose, and then the mouth. Only the proportion of fixations directed at the mouth region was species-dependent and could be differentiated at the earliest stage of face viewing. Our spontaneous eye-scanning patterns associated with face exploration appear to have been mainly constrained by general facial configurations; the species affiliation of the inspected faces had limited impact on gaze allocation, at least under free-viewing conditions.
Strain controlled colossal magnetoresistance in manganite thin films

We show that applying strain on half-doped manganites makes it possible to tune the system to the proximity of a metal-insulator transition and thereby generate a colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) response. From our realistic microscopic model of strain and magneto-transport calculations within the Kubo formalism, we demonstrate that under tensile strain a ferromagnetic charge ordered insulator, previously inaccessible to experiments, becomes stable. The phase competition not only allows control of CMR in ferromagnetic metallic manganites but further generates CMR response in otherwise robust insulators at half doping.
On the Observability and Observability Analysis of SLAM

Simultaneous localization and mapping problem for mobile robots has received considerable attention over the last decade. The widely used formulation of the SLAM problem has been the augmented state approach in an estimation theoretic framework. Although, many related issues of SLAM such as computational complexity, loop closing and data association have received much attention, the observability issue has largely remained ignored. System observability is an important aspect in any state estimation problem. Observability analysis provides for understanding of the fundamental limits of the solution obtainable, regardless of process and measurement noises. The standard world-centric SLAM formulation is a highly non-linear system. Thus the direct use of linear observability tools and criteria in the analysis of its observability yields incorrect and inconsistent results. In this paper an appropriate method of analysis of the observability of nonlinear systems is applied to investigate the properties of the standard SLAM formulation. Contrary to popular belief, it is shown through theoretical analysis that the standard 2D planar world-centric SLAM formulation involving odometry inputs for robot speed and heading, and range/bearing measurements to features in the environment is unobservable. It is also shown that for the system to be observable, it requires at least two absolutely known feature point positions, thus questioning the very meaning implied by SLAM. The analytical results thus established are verified through simulations
Hospital Differences Drive Antibiotic Delays for Black Patients Compared With White Patients With Suspected Septic Shock

Objective: Evaluate racial disparities in sepsis processes of care. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Nine hospitals in the Southeastern United States between 2014 and 2016. Patients: Two thousand two hundred twenty-one white and 707 black patients treated in the emergency department through “code sepsis” pathway for suspected septic shock. Measurements and Main Results: Black patients were less likely to receive timely antibiotics than were white patients using multiple definitions (1 hr from code sepsis activation [odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, [0.44–0.74]; 85.6% vs. 91.2%; p < 0.0001]; 1 hr from triage [odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, [0.69–1.00]; 28.0% vs. 31.8%; p = 0.06]; 3 hr from triage [odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, [0.57–0.88]; 80.1% vs. 85.0%; p = 0.002]). Focusing on antibiotic administration within 1 hour of triage, these differences were enhanced after adjusting for patient-level factors (adjusted odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, [0.66–0.96]; p = 0.02), but attenuated after adjusting for hospital-level differences (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, [0.81–1.01]; p = 0.07). Black and white patients did not differ on other sepsis quality indicators or adjusted mortality. Conclusions: Black patients appear to be less likely than white patients to receive timely antibiotic therapy for sepsis. These differences were largely explained by variation in care among hospitals, such that hospitals that disproportionately treat black patients were less likely to provide timely antibiotic therapy overall. There were no differences between races in other sepsis quality measures or adjusted mortality.
Why anisogamy drives ancestral sex roles

There is a clear tendency in nature for males to compete more strongly for fertilizations than females, yet the ultimate reasons for this are still unclear. Many researchers—dating back to Darwin and Bateman—have argued that the difference is ultimately driven by the fact that males (by definition) produce smaller and more numerous gametes than females. However, this view has recently been challenged, and a formal validation of the link between anisogamy and sex roles has been lacking. Here, we develop mathematical models that validate the intuition of Darwin and Bateman, showing that there is a very simple and general reason why unequal gamete numbers result in unequal investment in sexually competitive traits. This asymmetry does not require multiple mating by either sex, and covers traits such as mate searching, where the male bias has been difficult to explain. Furthermore, our models show males and females are predicted to diverge more strongly when the fertilization probability of each female gamete is high. Sex roles thus ultimately trace back to anisogamy and the resulting consequences for the fertilization process.
Endovascular Clot Retrieval Therapy: Implications for the Organization of Stroke Systems of Care in North America

Endovascular acute ischemic stroke therapy is now proven by randomized controlled trials to produce large, clinically meaningful benefits. In response, stroke systems of care must change to increase timely and equitable access to this therapy. In this review, we provide a North American perspective on implications for stroke systems, focusing on the United States and Canada, accompanied by initial recommendations for changes. Most urgently, every community must create access to a hospital that can safely and quickly provide intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and immediately transfer appropriate patients onward to a more capable center as required. Safe and effective therapy in the community setting will be ensured by certification programs, performance measurement, and data entry into registries.
An automatic netlist-to-schematic generator

The N2S schematic generator, which uses a variable-ordering technique in the initial placement phase and simple heuristics in the final placement phase, is described. Its channel-routing techniques result in signal routing with minimal crossovers. The authors demonstrate the efficiency of N2S by applying it to a set of benchmark sequential circuits. <<ETX>>
Defining a Threshold Value for Maximum Spatial Information Loss of Masked Geo-Data

Abstract: Geographical masks are a group of location protection methods for the dissemination and publication of confidential a nd sensitive information, such as health- and crime-related geo-referenced data. The use of such masks ensures that privacy is protected for the individuals involved in the datasets. Nevertheless, the protection process introduces spatial error to the masked dataset. This study quantifies the spa tial error of ma sked datasets using two approaches. First, a perceptual survey was employed where participants ranked the similarity of a diverse sample of masked and original maps. Second, a spatial statistical analysis was performed that provided quantitativ e results for the same pairs of maps. Spatial statistical similarity is calculated with three divergence indices that employ different spatial clustering methods. All indices are significantly correlated with the perceptual similarity. Finally, the results of the spatial analysis are us ed as the explanatory variable to estimate the perceptual similarity. Three pr ediction models are created that indicate upper boundaries for the spatial statistical results upon which the masked data are perceived differently from the original data. The results of the study aim to help potential “maskers” to quantify and evaluate the error of confidential masked visualizations.
The Effect of Lumbar Lordosis on Screw Loosening in Dynesys Dynamic Stabilization: Four-Year Follow-Up with Computed Tomography

Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Dynesys dynamic stabilization (DDS) on clinical and radiographic outcomes, including spinal pelvic alignment. Method. Consecutive patients who underwent 1- or 2-level DDS for lumbar spondylosis, mild degenerative spondylolisthesis, or degenerative disc disease were included. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, and the Japanese Orthopedic Association scores. Radiographic outcomes were assessed by radiographs and computed tomography. Pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis (LL) were also compared. Results. In 206 patients with an average follow-up of 51.1 ± 20.8 months, there were 87 screws (8.2%) in 42 patients (20.4%) that were loose. All clinical outcomes improved at each time point after operation. Patients with loosened screws were 45 years older. Furthermore, there was a higher risk of screw loosening in DDS involving S1, and these patients were more likely to have loosened screws if the LL failed to increase after the operation. Conclusions. The DDS screw loosening rate was overall 8.2% per screw and 20.4% per patient at more than 4 years of follow-up. Older patients, S1 involvement, and those patients who failed to gain LL postoperatively were at higher risk of screw loosening.
PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF EDM USING MULTI-RESPONSE SIGNAL-TO- NOISE RATIO TECHNIQUE

The performance of electrical discharge machining (EDM) is dependent on the selection of factor/levels combinations of input parameters. The optimization of EDM process is a multi-objective optimization problem on account of the contradictory behaviour of performance measures like metal removal rate and surface roughness (MRR, SR). Many optimization technique are used for the parametric optimization of EDM that require a good amount of computational facility. In this paper, multi-response signal-to noise ratio technique has been employed to find the optimal combination of input parameters owing to its simplicity and less mathematical computation. Experiments have been designed by Taguchi’s L36 orthogonal array. In this work, two cases are considered and the parametric level/combinations have been obtained for both the cases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has also been employed to find the dominant parameters and finally experimentation verification has also been performed for the validation of results obtained.
Method for Detection and Enumeration ofCryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Feces, Manures, and Soils

ABSTRACT Eight concentration and purification methods were evaluated to determine percentages of recovery of Cryptosporidium parvumoocysts from calf feces. The NaCl flotation method generally resulted in the highest percentages of recovery. Based on the percentages of recovery, the amounts of fecal debris in the final oocyst preparations, the relatively short processing time (<3 h), and the low expense, the NaCl flotation method was chosen for further evaluation. Extraction efficiency was evaluated by using oocyst concentrations of 25, 50, 102, 103, 104, and 105oocysts g of bovine feces−1. The percentages of recovery ranged from 10.8% (25 oocysts g−1) to 17.0% (104 oocysts g−1) (r2 = 0.996). A conservative estimate of the detection limit for bovine feces is ca. 30 oocysts g of feces−1. Percentages of recovery were determined for six different types of animal feces (cow, horse, pig, sheep, deer, and chicken feces) at a single oocyst concentration (104 oocysts g−1). The percentages of recovery were highest for bovine feces (17.0%) and lowest for chicken feces (3.2%). Percentages of recovery were determined for bovine manure after 3 to 7 days of storage. The percentages of recovery ranged from 1.9 to 3.5% depending on the oocyst concentration, the time of storage, and the dispersing solution. The percentages of oocyst recovery from soils were evaluated by using different flotation solutions (NaCl, cold sucrose, ZnSO4), different dispersing solutions (Triton X-100, Tween 80, Tris plus Tween 80), different dispersion techniques (magnetic stirring, sonication, blending), and different dispersion times (5, 15, and 30 min). Twenty-five-gram soil samples were used to reduce the spatial variability. The highest percentages of recovery were obtained when we used 50 mM Tris–0.5% Tween 80 as the dispersing solution, dispersion for 15 min by stirring, and saturated NaCl as the flotation solution. The percentages of oocyst recovery from freshly spiked sandy loam, silty clay loam, and clay loam soils were ca. 12 to 18, 8, and 6%, respectively. The theoretical detection limits were ca. 1 to 2 oocysts g of soil−1 depending on the soil type. The percentages of recovery without dispersant (distilled H2O or phosphate-buffered saline) were less than 0.1%, which indicated that oocysts adhere to soil particles. The percentages of recovery decreased with storage time, although the addition of dispersant (Tris-Tween 80) before storage appeared to partially prevent adhesion. These data indicate that the NaCl flotation method is suitable for routine detection and enumeration of oocysts from feces, manures, soils, or soil-manure mixtures.
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools

Summary: The Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format is a generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, supporting short and long reads (up to 128 Mbp) produced by different sequencing platforms. It is flexible in style, compact in size, efficient in random access and is the format in which alignments from the 1000 Genomes Project are released. SAMtools implements various utilities for post-processing alignments in the SAM format, such as indexing, variant caller and alignment viewer, and thus provides universal tools for processing read alignments. Availability: http://samtools.sourceforge. net Contact: rd@sanger.ac. uk
Does exercise-induced hypoxemia modify lactate influx into erythrocytes and hemorheological parameters in athletes?

This study investigated 1) red blood cells (RBC) rigidity and 2) lactate influxes into RBCs in endurance-trained athletes with and without exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH). Nine EIH and six non-EIH subjects performed a submaximal steady-state exercise on a cyclo-ergometer at 60% of maximal aerobic power for 10 min, followed by 15 min at 85% of maximal aerobic power. At rest and at the end of exercise, arterialized blood was sampled for analysis of arterialized pressure in oxygen, and venous blood was drawn for analysis of plasma lactate concentrations and hemorheological parameters. Lactate influxes into RBCs were measured at three labeled [U-14C]lactate concentrations (1.6, 8.1, and 41 mM) on venous blood sampled at rest. The EIH subjects had higher maximal oxygen uptake than non-EIH (P < 0.05). Total lactate influx was significantly higher in RBCs from EIH compared with non-EIH subjects at 8.1 mM (1,498.1 +/- 87.8 vs. 1,035.9 +/- 114.8 nmol.ml(-1). min(-1); P < 0.05) and 41 mM (2,562.0 +/- 145.0 vs. 1,618.1 +/- 149.4 nmol.ml(-1). min(-1); P < 0.01). Monocarboxylate transporter-1-mediated lactate influx was also higher in EIH at 8.1 mM (P < 0.05) and 41 mM (P < 0.01). The drop in arterial oxygen partial pressure was negatively correlated with total lactate influx measured at 8.1 mM (r = -0.82, P < 0.05) and 41 mM (r = -0.84, P < 0.05) in the two groups together. Plasma lactate concentrations and hemorheological data were similar in the two groups at rest and at the end of exercise. The results showed higher monocarboxylate transporter-1-mediated lactate influx in the EIH subjects and suggested that EIH could modify lactate influx into erythrocyte. However, higher lactate influx in EIH subjects was not accompanied by an increase in RBC rigidity.
Large shaped parts of melt cast BSCCO for applications in electrical engineering

A melt casting process (MCP) that is tailor made for BSCCO, especially for the 2212 phase, is described. It is reported that melt casting offers an easy access to a variety of different shapes and sizes. The properties of the material obtained by MCP have been significantly improved by admixing strontium sulphate. J/sub c/ values superior to those of sintered ceramics of YBCO or BSCCO have been obtained: J/sub c/ values at 55000 A/cm/sup 2/ (4 K) and 2200 A/cm/sup 2/ (77 K) were achieved without external fields; large bulk parts exhibited more than 2000 A (77 K) in their self-field. The peculiarities of MCP allow the integration of noble metal current contacts which exhibit total resistances <or=1 mu Omega (77 K), even under high currents. First tests of prototypes (rods and tubes for current leads, hollow cylinders for inductive current limiters) show promising results. <<ETX>>
STUDIES ON CARTILAGE

Electron microscopic observations on chondrocytes from rabbit ear cartilage 72 hours after papain has been given intravenously show that many vacuoles in the Golgi apparatus contain a material with a speckled appearance. Some Golgi vacuoles also contain a material with a banded pattern which can be identified as a collagen. The significance of this observation is discussed.
Catching the Common Cause: Extraction and Annotation of Causal Relations and their Participants

In this paper, we present a simple, yet effective method for the automatic identification and extraction of causal relations from text, based on a large English-German parallel corpus. The goal of this effort is to create a lexical resource for German causal relations. The resource will consist of a lexicon that describes constructions that trigger causality as well as the participants of the causal event, and will be augmented by a corpus with annotated instances for each entry, that can be used as training data to develop a system for automatic classification of causal relations. Focusing on verbs, our method harvested a set of 100 different lexical triggers of causality, including support verb constructions. At the moment, our corpus includes over 1,000 annotated instances. The lexicon and the annotated data will be made available to the research community.
The Validity of the MSCEIT: Additional Analyses and Evidence

We address concerns raised by Maul (2012) regarding the validity of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). We respond to requests for clarifications of our model, and explain why the MSCEIT’s scoring methods stand up to scrutiny and why many reported reliabilities of the MSCEIT may be underestimates, using reanalyses of the test’s standardization sample of N = 5,000 to illustrate our point. We also organize findings from four recent articles that provide evidence for the MSCEIT’s validity based on its relations with other tests.
Nanolubricants flow boiling heat transfer enhancement in a microfin tube evaporator—IRG0021

The current article experimentally documents the effects of the nanoparticles thermal conductivity and aspect ratio on the two-phase flow heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of nanolubricants in mixture with refrigerant R410A. Two nanoparticles types were dispersed in the polyolester lubricant: spherical Alumina (γ-Al2O3) nanoparticles with 40 nm nominal particles diameter and ZnO nanoparticles with 20 to 40 nm nominal particles diameter and with an elongated shape. While the two nanolubricants had different nanoparticle aspect ratio, they shared similar thermal conductivity. In refrigerant R410A and polyolester mixtures, they led to measurably different heat transfer coefficient for two-phase flow boiling inside a horizontal 9.5 mm micro-fin evaporator tube. Depending on mass flux, concentration, and heat flux, nanolubricants provided either an enhancement or a degradation, supporting the hypothesis that the nanolubricants thermal conductivity was not the main property responsible for the heat transfer coefficient intensification during flow boiling. The current article presents an analysis of the nanolubricants heat transfer models that adopted homogeneous liquid phase modeling approaches during the two-phase flow process. A sensitivity analysis of the thermodynamic properties highlighted that these type of models were not able to satisfactorily predict the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of refrigerant-nanolubricants mixtures.
Physical activity and childhood cancer

This review provides a survey of studies investigating physical activity and exercise interventions in patients during tumor treatment and survivors of childhood cancer. PubMed and Medline databases were searched using relevant terms. References of selected papers were tracked. A total of 28 studies could be identified. Seventeen studies investigated physical activity, 11 studies determined the effect of activity enhancing interventions during and after therapy. Even though most studies showed limitations and results were not consistent, considerably reduced physical activity is highly probable in patients during and after therapy. Studies on interventions provided promising results and revealed challenges to be faced. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:501–510. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RNA-Seq reveals early distinctions and late convergence of gene expression between diapause and quiescence in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

SUMMARY Dormancy is a crucial adaptation allowing insects to withstand harsh environmental conditions. The pre-programmed developmental arrest of diapause is a form of dormancy that is distinct from quiescence, in which development arrests in immediate response to hardship. Much progress has been made in understanding the environmental and hormonal controls of diapause. However, studies identifying transcriptional changes unique to diapause, rather than quiescence, are lacking, making it difficult to disentangle the transcriptional profiles of diapause from dormancy in general. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, presents an ideal model for such a study, as diapausing and quiescent eggs can be staged and collected for global gene expression profiling using a newly developed transcriptome. Here, we use RNA-Seq to contrast gene expression during diapause with quiescence to identify transcriptional changes specific to the diapause response. We identify global trends in gene expression that show gradual convergence of diapause gene expression upon gene expression during quiescence. Functionally, early diapause A. albopictus show strong expression differences of genes involved in metabolism, which diminish over time. Of these, only expression of lipid metabolism genes remained distinct in late diapause. We identify several genes putatively related to hormonal control of development that are persistently differentially expressed throughout diapause, suggesting these might be involved in the maintenance of diapause. Our results identify key biological differences between diapausing and quiescent pharate larvae, and suggest candidate pathways for studying metabolism and the hormonal control of development during diapause in other species.