Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Injuries in Student Circus Artists with Regard to Gender Specific Differences

Purpose Student circus artists train as both artists and athletes with their bodies holding the key to professional success. The daily training load of student circus artists is often associated with maximum physical and psychological stress with injuries posing a threat to a potential professional career. The purpose of this study is the differentiated analysis and evaluation of work accidents in order to initiate the development of injury preventive programs. Methods The 17 years of data were obtained from standardized anonymous work accident records of the Berlin State Accident Insurance (UKB) as well as a State Artist Educational School (n = 169, Male: 70; Female: 99) from student artists. Evaluation and descriptive statistics were conducted with Excel 2007 and PASW Statistics 18. Results The injury risk seems to be relatively low (0.3 injuries/1000h). There are gender specific differences as to the location of injuries. Only 7% of the accidents demand a break of more than 3 days. Injury patterns vary depending on the activity and the employment of props/equipment. 75.2% of work accidents have multifactorial and 24.8% exogenous causes. Conclusions Because physical fitness is all important in the circus arts there are numerous options for injury prevention programs that should be realized subject to gender-specific differences. Follow-ups on chronic complaints and a more individual approach are indispensable due to the very specific activities in the circus arts.
Time to think? Primary school teacher students reflecting on their MA thesis research processes

The aim of the study is to investigate reflective processes which take place in primary school teacher education, especially when conducting research for a masters thesis and reflecting on that process. Written reflection has been studied widely, but the point of view taken in this research seems to be new. This research seeks to answer two questions: (1) What kind of reflective learning processes can be found in students’ conceptions of research processes; and (2) How do students view their development during the research process? The data of this article consists of essays by nine class teacher students. The results of this study show that conducting research is a significant learning event in a teacher student’s journey towards becoming a teacher, and by reflecting on their research processes the students are able to analyze their development as researchers as well as their learning during the research process.
Relationships at Work: Toward a Multidimensional Conceptualization of Dyadic Work Relationships

Work relationships have come to form the very foundation of organizations and the contemporary embodiment of how most work gets accomplished, and there has been increased scholarly interest in this area. Although research has investigated the nature of high-quality and low-quality work relationships, few attempts have taken that next important step in more precisely articulating the actual dimensions that underlie work relationships, how they relate to one another, and how, as contextual background, they frame and influence organizational phenomena. In an effort to help address this gap in our understanding of relationships at work, this study briefly reviews the relevant literature on work relationships, extracting what is currently known about the specific aspects or underlying dimensions of such relationships. Then, the authors introduce an integrative multidimensional conceptualization of dyadic work relationships, which specifies the critical foundational dimensions and processes, and discusses the implications for future theory and research.
Pharmacogenetic Impact of UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase Metabolic Pathway and Multidrug Resistance—Associated Protein 2 Transport Pathway on Mycophenolic Acid in Thoracic Transplant Recipients: An Exploratory Study

Study Objective. To assess the contribution of polymorphisms in the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT) and the multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 gene (ABCC2) to mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes in thoracic transplant recipients.
A Semantic-Based Execution Model for Multilevel Secure Workflows

Workflow management systems (WFMS) support the modeling and coordinated execution of processes within an organization. To coordinate the execution of the various activities (or tasks) in a workflow, task dependencies are specified among them. As advances in workflow management take place, they are also required to support security. In a multilevel secure (MLS) workflow, tasks may belong to different security levels. Ensuring the dependencies from the tasks at higher security levels to those at lower security levels (high-to-low dependencies) may compromise security. In this paper, we consider such MLS workflows and show how they can be executed in a secure and correct manner. Our approach is based on semantic classification of the task dependencies that examines the source of the task dependencies. We classify the high-to-low dependencies in several waysc conflicting versus conflict-free, result-independent versus result-dependent, strong versus weak, and abortive versus non-abortive. We propose algorithms to automatically redesign the workflow and demonstrate that only a small subset among all the types of high-to-low dependencies requires to be executed by trusted subjects and all other types can be executed without compromising security. The solutions proposed in this paper are directly applicable to another relevant area of research - execution of multilevel transactions in multilevel secure databases since the atomicity requirements and other semantic requirements can be modeled as a workflow. When compared to the research in this area, our work (1) is more general in the sense that it can model several other types of dependencies thereby allowing one to specify relaxed atomicity requirements and (2) is capable of automatically redesigning a workflow without requiring any human intervention by eliminating some cycles among task dependencies, which helps to attain higher degree of atomicity.
Prevalence of the Third Head of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: A Magnetic Resonance Image Study

SUMMARY: The lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is important in the physiology and dysfunction of the temporomandibularjoint (TMJ), which has described the presence of a third head in the lateral pterygoid muscle (THLPM). The purpose of this stud y was toevaluate the prevalence of THLPM and its relationship with the TMJ disc through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was evalua ted178 MRI of the TMJ of healthy individuals, in images that presented THLPM, and these were defined and measured at the surfaceinserted into the disc. The prevalence of THLPM was 20.22% (n = 36). Insertion of THLPM was made entirely on the TMJ disc, theaverage area of insertion was 4.14mm (SD 1.35) in women and 4.67 (SD 2.68) in men, but these differences were not significant. Weconcluded that the LPM has a complex structure, and that a THLPM could contribute in the development of TMJ disc function alter ationsand anterior disc displacement. KEY WORDS: Lateral pterygoid muscle; Temporomandibular joint; Articular disc; Temporomandibular dysfunction.
Theoretical Integration Essay: Aesthetics and Emotion in Entertainment Media

The different perspectives in psychological aesthetics contribute to media psychology in complementary ways. A behavioral perspective stresses pleasure and challenge as motives for exploring both proximal (e.g., painting) and distal (e.g., television) media, and maintains that people prefer moderate levels of stimulation. The constructivist viewpoint emphasizes the multilayered and open-ended nature of aesthetic artifacts and holds that pleasure emerges from the coherent interpretation of a work that may be personally meaningful. Emotion theories either focus on action or experience in everyday life and in the narrative structure of proximal and distal media. The action orientation is tied to a behavioral-cognitive perspective and the idea that recipients can selectively engage artifacts that modulate pleasure and arousal. The experience orientation is linked with the psychodynamic/phenomenological viewpoint and the projection of personal meaning in the interpretation of multilayered artifacts. New interactive media forms provide an occasion for sensory modulation of experience and for the experience of agency through the manipulation of possible story outcomes. The active participation of audience members is governed by their ability to master the distal interface of the interactive console in much the same way that artists must master proximal techniques of manipulating a medium, such as paint.
Coping with examination stress: Resources, strategies, outcomes

Abstract This prospective study investigated the role of evaluative anxiety and coping processes as predictors of affective and cognitive adaptational outcomes in a sample of 241 college students preparing for midterm examinations. Data were collected on students' test anxiety and coping resources, conceptualized as antecedent predictor variables, during the semester period. Data on situation-specific coping strategies and state anxiety, serving respectively as mediating and outcomes variables, were collected prior to an important semester exam. Data on students' overall achievement on semester exams, serving as outcome variable, was obtained towards the end of the examination period. A path analysis showed that when controlling for the effects of other variables in the model, coping resurces and emotionfocused coping had a substantial direct effect on students' state anxiety in an evaluative situation. Furthermore, both the Worry and Emotionality components of test anxiety, as a situation-specific trait,.
Shaping the Temporal Patterns of our Lives: The Social Coordination of

Abstract This review synthesizes occupational science, psychology, and sociology research and theory to describe how social interaction within daily rounds of occupations may be organized within the stream of time. The coordination and orchestration of activities between individuals is a highly sophisticated process that is proposed to rely on entrainment between members, shared background expectancies that promote orderly interactions within daily routines and mutually accepted beliefs about time. This article begins by describing the roots of the ideation and patterning of temporal socialization which is drawn from biological rhythms, values and beliefs, work and social commitments, cultural beliefs and engagement in activity. Next it introduces the key concept of occupatio‐temporality or how occupation itself patterns participation through the rhythm, tempo, sequence, synchronization, requirement for personal resources, and compatibility with other occupations. Finally, examples from research studies illustrate the complexity of social coordination of activities within work and home settings, including the construction of temporal synchronicity for co‐workers and families.
The introduction of MELD‐based organ allocation impacts 3‐month survival after liver transplantation by influencing pretransplant patient characteristics

As there are insufficient organs to transplant everyone who might benefit from the procedure, rationing has to occur and the processes which will, in effect, result in the denial of a life-saving procedure for many individuals, need to be explicit, objective, just, equitable, transparent and retain public trust and confidence. Therefore, robust processes both for selection (determining who gets on to the transplant list) and allocation (who gets a donated liver) need to be developed and implemented. The principles of selection and allocation policies should be (and usually are) developed after full public consultation so that the various and often competing demands of equity, fairness, utility and benefit can be met as far as possible but the delivery of the principles will need to be implemented by clinicians. It is, of course, essential to define the purpose of the selection and allocation systems adopted and then audit the outcomes to ensure that the goals have been fulfilled, and identify any unintended consequences. In the UK, as in many other countries, for liver allograft recipients we have adopted what is primarily a utilitarian approach, listing when the survival probability is greater with transplant and there is a greater than 50% probability that the
Histamine‐induced Ca2+ oscillations in a human endothelial cell line depend on transmembrane ion flux, ryanodine receptors and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase

1 Using single cell microfluorometry to monitor changes in bulk Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]bulk) and the whole‐cell configuration of the patch clamp technique to measure K+ currents (voltage clamp) and membrane potential (current clamp), the mechanisms of histamine‐induced Ca2+ oscillations in the umbilical vein endothelial cell‐derived cell line EA.hy926 were studied. 2 In single cells, histamine (10 μM) evoked sinusoidal Ca2+ oscillations in low extracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]o= 10–30 μM). In contrast, histamine did not initiate Ca2+ oscillations either in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (10 μM EGTA) or in the presence of 2.5 mM extracellular Ca2+. 3 Ca2+ oscillations were accompanied by rhythmic activation of Ca2+‐activated K+ (KCa) channels and membrane hyperpolarization of 18.1 ± 3.9 mV. Hence, cell depolarization with 70 mM extracellular K+ or the inhibition of non‐selective cation channels (NSCCs) and KCa channels by 10 μM Loe 908 and 10 mM tetrabutylammonium prevented histamine‐evoked Ca2+ oscillations. 4 Preventing Na+‐Ca2+ exchange (NCX) by 10 μM 2′,4′‐dichlorobenzamil, or removal of extracellular Na+, abolished histamine‐induced Ca2+ oscillations. Lowering the extracellular Na+ concentration and thus promoting the reversed mode of NCX (3Na+ out and 1Ca2+ in) increased the amplitude and frequency of histamine‐induced Ca2+ oscillations by 25 and 13 %, respectively. Hence, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, 10 μM histamine induced an elevation of intracellular Na+ concentration in certain subplasmalemmal domains. 5 The inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) 2,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,4‐benzo‐hydroquinone (15 μM) prevented histamine‐induced Ca2+ oscillations. In addition, blockage of ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ release (RsCR) by 25 μM ryanodine blunted Ca2+ oscillations. 6 In endothelial cells that were treated for 16 h with 10 μM nocodazole to collapse the superficial endoplasmic reticulum (sER), no histamine‐induced Ca2+ oscillations were found. 7 We conclude that in low [Ca2+]o conditions histamine‐induced Ca2+ oscillations depend on transmembrane Na+ loading through NSCCs that leads to Ca2+ entry via NCX. Cation influx is controlled by KCa channel activity that triggers membrane hyperpolarization and, thus, provides the driving force for cation influx. Hence, the Ca2+ entering needs to be sequestrated via SERCA into sER to become released by RsCR to evoke Ca2+ spiking. These data further support our previous work on localized Ca2+ signalling as a key phenomenon in endothelial Ca2+ homeostasis.
Head Start Impact on Social–Emotional Outcomes for Children With Disabilities

Objective: Using the Head Start Impact Study data, this study examines Head Start’s impacts on social–emotional outcomes for children with disabilities. Method: Among 4,442 children, 570 children were reported to have disabilities. Ordinary least squares regression was used to determine whether the number of disabilities, having an individualized education plan (IEP), and receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) affect social–emotional outcomes for children with disabilities and whether Head Start’s impact differs depending on these factors. Results: Children with multiple disabilities, an IEP, and SSI had lower social–emotional scores. Head Start impact was found for the following subgroups: children with no disabilities, children who never received an IEP, children living in a higher income household, and Black children. Conclusions: Head Start should identify potential disabilities early and support the provision of adequate services to increase social–emotional outcomes for children with disabilities.
Automatic and controlled activation of stereotypes: Individual differences associated with prejudice

Devine (1989) has proposed a model which suggests that when individuals are required to evaluate stereotyped groups both low-prejudice and high-prejudice persons will automatically activate the pertinent stereotype content. Controlled inhibition of the content of the stereotype characterizes low-prejudice responses and distinguishes low-from high-prejudice persons. The experimental evidence Devine (1989) reports to support this model is criticized on several grounds, and a methodology that avoids these shortcomings is described. Two groups of subjects were tested, one with and one without a stereotype of the target group. The results from the group knowledgeable of the stereotype were inconsistent with Devine's (1989) model. Differences in the automatic activation of stereotype content, rather than differences in the tendency to employ strategies to inhibit stereotype content, were related to levels of prejudice towards the target group. The results from a sample of subjects not possessing a stereotype of the target group confirmed the integral role of automatic processes in prejudice. Prejudice for these subjects was related to the tendency to automatically activate negative rather than positive concepts, irrespective of their relatedness to the stereotype of the target group. The implications of these findings for Devine's (1989) model and the more general nature of the relationship between stereotypes and prejudice are discussed, and the advantages of the current methodology detailed.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Giner-Sorolla / MODERATING ROLE OF EXTREMITY Affective Attitudes Are Not Always Faster: The Moderating Role of Extremity

Some models of attitude have speculated that affectively based attitudes are more accessible than cognitively based attitudes. However, there are also reasons to expect that affectively based attitudes may not be generally faster and that any accessibility advantage would hold only at high levels of attitude extremity. Two studies of attitudes with affective and cognitive structural bases examined this possibility. In both studies, no overall effect of attitude basis on extremity emerged, but attitude extremity did moderate the effects of basis. Affectively based attitudes were expressed faster than cognitively based ones only when attitudes were more extreme, and they tended to be expressed more slowly when attitudes were less extreme. These results may have arisen because only strong affect is seen as more diagnostic of true attitude, producing faster responses.
Continued administration of antithrombotic agents during transperineal prostate biopsy

Purpose To determine the safety of continued administration of antithrombotic agents during transperineal (TP) prostate biopsy. Patients and Methods A total of 811 men who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided TP biopsy from January 2008 to June 2012 at our two institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Among these 811 men, 672 received no antithrombotic agents (group I), 103 received and continued administration of antithrombotic agents (group II), and 36 interrupted administration of antithrombotic agents (group III). Overall complications were graded and hemorrhagic complications were compared (group I with group II) using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Results An overall complication rate of 4.6% was recorded. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 1.8% and they were virtually identical in all the three groups, and no severe hemorrhagic complications occurred. One patient in group III required intensive care unit admission for cerebral infarction. PSM analysis revealed no statistical difference between groups I and II with regard to the incidence of gross hematuria, perineal hematoma, and rectal bleeding. Multiple regression analysis revealed that hemorrhagic complications were associated with lower body mass index (<21 kg/m2, P=0.0058), but not with administration of antithrombotic agents. Conclusions Continued administration of antithrombotic agents does not increase the risk of hemorrhagic complications; these agents are well tolerated during TP biopsy.
A molecular key for building hyphae aggregates: the role of the newly identified Streptomyces protein HyaS

Streptomycetes produce many metabolites with medical and biotechnological applications. During fermentations, their hyphae build aggregates, a process in which the newly identified protein HyaS plays an important role. The corresponding hyaS gene is present within all investigated Streptomyces species. Reporter fusions indicate that transcription of hyaS occurs within substrate hyphae of the Streptomyces lividans wild type (WT). The HyaS protein is dominantly associated with the substrate hyphae. The WT strain forms cylindrically shaped clumps of densely packed substrate hyphae, often fusing to higher aggregates (pellets), which remain stably associated during shaking. Investigations by electron microscopy suggest that HyaS induces tight fusion‐like contacts among substrate hyphae. In contrast, the pellets of the designed hyaS disruption mutant ΔH are irregular in shape, contain frequently outgrowing bunches of hyphae, and fuse less frequently. ΔH complemented with a plasmid carrying hyaS resembles the WT phenotype. Biochemical studies indicate that the C‐terminal region of HyaS has amine oxidase activity. Investigations of ΔH transformants, each carrying a specifically mutated gene, lead to the conclusion that the in situ oxidase activity correlates with the pellet‐inducing role of HyaS, and depends on the presence of certain histidine residues. Furthermore, the level of undecylprodigiosin, a red pigment with antibiotic activity, is influenced by the engineered hyaS subtype within a strain. These data present the first molecular basis for future manipulation of pellets, and concomitant production of secondary metabolites during biotechnological processes.
Chapter V: Development and Applications of Structured Tests of Personality

STRUCTURED tests of personality are broadly conceived in this chapter as including inventories of interests and values as well as those of personality and adjustment. Structured instruments require the respondent to choose one of a set of alternatives rather than requiring a quasi-idiosyncratic response to an ambiguous situation. Since the 1956 review by Furst and Fricke (61), several new structured instruments appeared and a plethora of studies was made with some of the older inventories and a few of the newer ones.