Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Utility of the HCR-20 and PCL:SV in the Prediction of Diversion Noncompliance and Reincarceration in Diversion Programs

Diversion programs were developed to decrease the number of incarcerated mentally ill individuals. The number of diversion programs and mental health courts is rapidly growing, and an increased number of diversion programs are willing to accept defendants charged with violent felonies, stressing the need for thorough risk assessments as part of diversion eligibility evaluations. This study was designed to examine the utility of the Historical–Clinical–Risk Management–20 (HCR-20) and Psychopathy Checklist Screening Version (PCL:SV) in predicting diversion noncompliance and reincarceration in a sample of 131 defendants participating in different diversion programs in New York. Results provided support for the use of the HCR-20 and PCL:SV in the context of diversion, although the HCR-20 proved to be superior to the PCL:SV in predicting diversion noncompliance and reincarceration.
Exacerbation of N-nitrosodiethylamine Induced Hepatotoxicity and DNA Damage in Mice Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Stress

Psychological stress contributes to increased susceptibility to a number of diseases including cancer. The present study was designed to assess the effect of chronic unpredictable stress on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced liver toxicity in terms of in vivo antioxidant status and DNA damage in Swiss albino mice. The animals used in this study were randomized into different groups based on the treatment with N-nitrosodiethylamine or chronic unpredictable stress alone and post-stress administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine. The mice were sacrificed after 12 weeks of treatment, and the status of major enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, liver function markers, lipid peroxidation and the extent of DNA damage were determined in circulation and liver tissues of all the groups. The N-nitrosodiethylamine treated group showed significantly compromised levels of the antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and the liver function markers with enhanced DNA damage as compared to chronic unpredictable stress or control groups. A similar but less typical pattern observed in the chronic unpredictable stress treated mice. All the measured biochemical parameters were significantly altered in the group treated with the combination of chronic unpredictable stress and N-nitrosodiethylamine when compared to controls, or chronic unpredictable stress alone and/or N-nitrosodiethylamine alone treated groups. Thus, exposure to continuous, unpredictable stress conditions even in general life may significantly enhance the hepatotoxic potential of N-nitrosodiethylamine through an increase in the oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Real Options Analysis: Where Are the Emperor's Clothes?

Once a topic of interest only to finance specialists, real options analysis now receives active, mainstream attention in business schools and industry. This article provides practitioners with a critical review of five well-established real options approaches that are extensively documented in the academic and professional literature. These approaches include the “classic approach” and “revised classic approach” (as proposed by Martha Amram and Nalin Kulatilaka), the “subjective approach” (as proposed by Tim Luehrman), the “MAD Approach” (as proposed by Tom Copeland and Vladimir Antikarov), and the “integrated approach” (as proposed by James Smith and Robert Nau). The article discusses the assumptions, mechanics, and potential range of applications of each approach, along with the results when applied to a simple case involving development of a natural gas field. While the approaches share a focus on investment flexibility and shareholder value, they rely on fundamentally different assumptions, use significantly different techniques, and can produce dramatically different results. Consequently, a great deal of thought must go into selecting and applying them in practice. The revised classic approach appears to be best suited to cases dominated either by “market” risk or “private” risk alone, and where approximate results are acceptable and resources are limited. The integrated approach is best suited to cases with a mix of market and technological risks, and where accuracy and a management roadmap are critical.
Maternal teaching strategies in four cultural communities

This article examines maternal everyday teaching strategies in Chinese, American, Hutterite, and Native American cultural communities. It moves beyond a theoretical framework based on distancing by suggesting that effective adult teaching strategies are contextually and culturally determined. The authors urge early childhood educators to make efforts to understand the complexity of a child's home learning environment and to maximize the learning potential of every child by taking advantage of his/her funds of knowledge in early childhood education settings.
Lived Religion and Lived Citizenship in Latin America’s Zones of Crisis: Introduction

In this introduction we present the concepts of “lived religion” and “lived citizenship” as tools for understanding the ways in which religious and political meanings and practices are constituted in social movements and locations of poverty and exclusion in Latin America. We first develop the idea of “zones of crisis” as a context in which struggles for rights, recognition, and survival are enacted. We then challenge reified distinctions between the secular and the religious, emphasizing religion’s embodiment and emplacement in daily life and politics. Reviewing the empirical findings of the articles in this special issue, we discuss the multiple imbrications of religion and citizenship with regard to democratic politics, geographies of conflict, and safe spaces, as well as selfhood, identity, and agency. In a postsecular world, interrogating religion, secularity, and politics together enables us better to understand the complex construction of democratic citizenship and the dynamism of Latin America’s multiple modernities.
Water and Beverage Consumption: Analysis of the Australian 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

Background: Water consumption as a vital component of the human diet is under-researched in dietary surveys and nutrition studies. Aim: To assess total water and fluid intakes and examine demographic, anthropometric, and dietary factors associated with water consumption in the Australian population. Methods: Dietary intake data from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used. Usual water, fluid and food and nutrient intakes were estimated from two days of dietary recalls. Total water includes plain drinking water and moisture from all food and beverage sources; total fluids include plain drinking water and other beverages, but not food moisture. Results: The mean (SD) daily total water intakes for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years were 1.7 (0.6) L for males and 1.5 (0.4) L for females, and for adults aged 19 years and over were 2.6 (0.9) L for males and 2.3 (0.7) L for females. The majority of the population failed to meet the Adequate Intake (AI) values for total water intake (82%) and total fluids intake (78%) with the elderly at highest risk (90%–95%). The contributions of plain drinking water, other beverages and food moisture to total water intake were 44%, 27%, and 29%, respectively, among children and adolescents, and 37%, 37% and 25% among adults. The main sources of other beverages were full-fat plain milk and regular soft drinks for children and adolescents, and tea, coffee, and alcoholic drinks for adults. For adults, higher total water intake was associated with lower percent energy from fat, saturated fat, and free sugars, lower sodium and energy-dense nutrient poor food intakes but higher dietary fibre, fruit, vegetable, caffeine, and alcohol intakes. No associations were found between total water consumption and body mass index (BMI) for adults and BMI z-score for children and adolescents. Conclusion: Reported water consumption was below recommendations. Higher water intakes were suggestive of better diet quality.
Lin28 is induced in primed embryonic stem cells and regulates let‐7‐independent events

Lin28 RNA‐binding proteins play important roles in pluripotent stem cells, but the regulation of their expression and the mechanisms underlying their functions are still not definitively understood. Here we address the above‐mentioned issues in the first steps of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. We observed that the expression of Lin28 genes is transiently induced soon after the exit of ESCs from the naive ground state and that this induction is due to the Hmga2‐dependent engagement of Otx2 with enhancers present at both Lin28 gene loci. These mechanisms are crucial for Lin28 regulation, as demonstrated by the abolishment of the Lin28 accumulation in Otx2‐or Hmga2‐knockout cells compared to the control cells. We have also found that Lin28 controls Hmga2 expression levels during ESC differentiation through a let‐7‐independent mechanism. Indeed, we found that Lin28 proteins bind a highly conserved element in the 3′ UTR of Hmga2 mRNA, and this provokes a down‐regulation of its translation. This mechanism prevents the inappropriate accumulation of Hmga2 that would modify the proliferation and physiological apoptosis of differentiating ESCs. In summary, we demonstrated that during ESC differentiation, Lin28 transient induction is dependent on Otx2 and Hmga2 and prevents an inappropriate excessive rise of Hmga2 levels. —Parisi, S. , Passaro, F. , Russo, L. , Musto, A. , Navarra, A. , Romano, S. , Petrosino, G. , Russo, T. Lin28 is induced in primed embryonic stem cells and regulates let‐7‐independent events. FASEB J. 31, 1046–1058 (2017). www.fasebj. org
Towards Automatic Traffic Classification

Classification of network traffic recently has attracted a great deal of interest as it plays important roles in many areas such as traffic engineering, service class mapping, network management etc. One of the challenging issues for existing detection schemes is that they need prior manual analysis to detect unknown traffic, which is infeasible to cope with the fast growing number of new applications. In this paper, we propose an automatic traffic classification scheme, which is realised by managing traffic detection knowledge with the use of ontologies on the one hand, while developing the self-learning model on traffic detection according to ontologies on the other hand. Also, based on two scenarios, the experiment results demonstrate the automated detection capability for the proposed scheme.
INFLUENCES OF OPTIMISM AND POSITIVE ORIENTATION ON STUDENTS’ SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING

This study examined the influences of optimism and positive orientation on students’ subjective well-being. Japanese university students (N = 325) completed a questionnaire. A factor analysis was conducted, and results showed that positive orientation can be divided into five categories—upward orientation, maintenance of undisturbed states, maintenance of status quo, downward comparison (positive), and downward comparison (negative)—depending on where one places the point of reference recognized as positive. Results of structural equation modeling were as follows. Optimism was positively related to upward orientation, maintenance of undisturbed states, and downward comparison (positive), and negatively related to maintenance of status quo and downward comparison (negative). In turn, upward orientation, downward comparison (positive), and maintenance of status quo were positively related to subjective well-being. The influence of optimism through upward orientation on subjective well-being was stronger than the corresponding influence of downward comparison (positive).
When Member Homogeneity is Needed in Work Teams

A meta-analytic integration of 57 effect sizes from 13 studies (567 teams, 2,258 participants) was performed to determine if groups that are homogeneous with respect to gender, ability level, and personality achieve higher levels of performance than teams that are heterogeneous on these attributes. Although individual studies often show marked differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, the results of this integration show the combined effect sizes of these studies to be small, though not significant, in favor of heterogeneous groups. It appears that the significant effects found in many of the included studies can be attributed to the type and difficulty of the task used in the investigation. Implications for team construction are discussed.
Incidence and Duration of Cervical Human Papillomavirus 6, 11, 16, and 18 Infections in Young Women: An Evaluation from Multiple Analytic Perspectives

Objective: To estimate the incidence and duration of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV)-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18 infections in a population of young American women. Methods: The study population consisted of U.S. women who at baseline were 16 to 23 years of age, reported zero to five lifetime sexual partners, never having been pregnant, and never having had a prior abnormal Papanicolaou test and were enrolled in the placebo arm of a randomized multicenter clinical trial of a HPV-16 L1 virus-like particle vaccine. Women underwent type-specific endocervical/ectocervical swab HPV DNA testing at ∼6-month intervals for up to 48 months of follow-up. To contribute person-time in the analyses of type-specific HPV incidence, a woman must have had at least three satisfactory swab specimens available and been negative for the relevant HPV type (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, or HPV-18) on her first two trial swabs. The duration of incident HPV infections was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis methods. Results: Person-years of exposure ranged by type-specific analysis from 2,645 to 3,188, with an incidence rate per 100 person-years of 3.6 for HPV-6, 0.4 for HPV-11, 5.4 for HPV-16, and 2.1 for HPV-18. With censoring at the time of treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, where done, the mean duration of incident infections was 9.3, 8.4, 18.2, and 16.4 months, respectively, for HPV-6 (n = 103), HPV-11 (n = 13), HPV-16 (n = 142), and HPV-18 (n = 62). When the duration of HPV infections was truncated at the time of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia detection (any grade), where applicable, mean duration figures were 8.4, 8.1, 14.0, and 15.1 months for HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18 infections, respectively. Conclusions: Previous studies of the mean duration of cervical HPV infection have been based on prevalent infections and/or featured relatively short duration of follow-up. This study tested women for HPV infection over a period of up to 48 months and observed a mean duration of incident HPV-16/HPV-18 infections approximately twice that of HPV-6/HPV-11. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(4):709–15)
Cerebral Metabolism and Personality in Patients with Epilepsy of the Temporal Lobe

Extratension and introversion are stable personality styles in adult subjects. Mental functioning of the former is especially influenced by the emotions and of the latter by ideation. The aim of the present work is to analyze, using positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG-PET), possible differences in cerebral metabolism in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in relation to different personality styles assessed with the Rorschach test. Twenty-eight drug-resistant TLE patients with complex partial seizures were assessed by means of FDG-PET and the Rorschach test. According to location of the epileptogenic area in the dominant hemisphere and the personality style of the subject, a table of contingencies was drawn up (χ² and contingency coefficient). Finally, an analysis was made of the personality changes in patients that had received neurosurgical treatment. The results show a clear differentiation with FDG-PET as regards location of the temporal lobe affected. I.
The ethics of hospitality in changing journalism: A response to the rise of the anti-immigrant movement in Finnish media publicity

This article examines the role of the media in the rise of nationalist populism in Finland. The interplay between social media and mainstream media has facilitated the emergence of anti-immigrant agendas into the public debate, which has strengthened nationalist populist politics, despite mainstream journalism following professional ethics of balanced reporting. The article concludes that the traditional journalistic framework of agenda setting is not morally adequate for the new fragmented media environment. It proposes the ethics of hospitality (Derrida, Silverstone) with an emphasis on transnationalism as a moral goal for a multi-ethnic public sphere where everyone has the right to voice concerns and to be heard. Therefore, journalism ethics should address how public debate can be organized in such a way that the principle of hospitality can be achieved. The framework of agenda setting can allow inhospitable discourses to flourish, as the Finnish example shows. Theorisation of hospitality is connected with the need for transnational and cosmopolitan agendas.
The design and evaluation of a teaching–learning sequence addressing the solubility concept with Turkish secondary school students

This paper reports upon a study addressing teaching and learning about solubility to Turkish first‐year secondary school students (age 14–15). The principal aim of the research was to investigate the impact on students' understanding of solubility, of introducing a simple particle model of matter. A teaching intervention to fit within the existing chemistry curriculum was designed, which explained macroscopic and quantitative aspects of solubility in terms of particles. To this extent, the teaching intervention met the requirements of the existing curriculum, and the teaching intervention was conducted under all the time and other restrictions imposed by the Turkish system. Students' performance on test questions about solubility was assessed before and after instruction, and after 6 months. In addition, students in a similar class, following typical teaching about solubility, completed identical test questions. Findings suggest that it is possible to design a teaching sequence that introduces a simple particle model of matter in such a way that students can successfully use it to explain various solubility phenomena. However, students who followed such instruction did not significantly out‐perform others who did not follow it, in all aspects of the conceptual domain. There is some evidence of long‐term retention of particulate ideas by students, suggesting the possibility that this might be drawn upon in future teaching and learning. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the kinds of claims that can be supported from a study such as this.
Democracies, Disputes, and Third-Party Intermediaries

The proposition that democracies rarely fight one another has been well-substantiated by empirical research. A prominent explanation for this finding is that shared norms fostered by a democratic political culture promote peaceful conflict resolution. Joint democratic dyads allegedly have a greater propensity than other types of dyads to entrust third parties with judicial competence to settle their disputes. The results from a study of 206 dyadic disputes involving third-party intermediaries support this claim. The presence of joint democracy in dangerous, war-prone dyads has a strong positive effect on the probability of referring interstate disputes to binding third-party settlement, even when controlling for alliance bonds and geographic proximity. In addition, the more a joint democratic dyad is marked by coherent regimes or a rough parity in the distribution of military capabilities, the greater the propensity to refer disputes to binding third-party settlement.
Using Social Media (Blog) In The Classroom: Reflecting Lecturer’s Pedagogical Approach And Students (In-Service Teachers) Intrinsic Motivation

The demand of responsibilities among teachers has evolved not only in classroom management but also to the extent of promoting communication and interpersonal skills. Social media is integrated in schools and higher learning institutions for communication and reflection of learning which enhance teachers’ performance in leadership quality and effective teaching. This study was designed in a qualitative approach mainly to explore the extent of interest and enjoyment students experienced during an intensive ICT course. Blog was used as a medium for reflection during the class where students posted their creations of videos, posters and other ICT materials. The three needs investigated were namely autonomy, competence, and relatedness support. The researcher further examined on students’ awareness of the usefulness of the ICT skill they learned and how much they can use the blog for teaching and learning. Based on the Basic Psychological Needs Theory framework (BPNT), this study has adopted the direct observation, journal entry, and interviews as a triangulation approach.
Impact of a spiral organic curriculum on student attrition and learning

At Miami University, the attrition rate in the year-long organic chemistry sequence for pre-medical majors typically ranges from 30-50%. To decrease attrition, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry developed an innovative, spiral curriculum. Unlike a traditional organic chemistry course that moves sequentially through the material, the spiral approach provides students with a broad, general overview of organic chemistry during the first semester, followed by exploration of important topics in more detail during the subsequent semester. A qualitative, case-study approach using interviews and reflective essays documented the experiences of eighteen students as they progressed through this spiral curriculum. This paper describes the strengths and weaknesses of the spiral approach, its impact on student attrition, results from ACS exams, and suggestions to improve the model.
Influence of Endothelin 1 Receptor Inhibition on Functional, Structural and Molecular Changes in the Rat Heart after Irradiation

Abstract Boerma, M. , Wang, J., Kulkarni, A. , Roberto, K. A. , Qiu, X. , Kennedy, R. H. and Hauer-Jensen, M. Influence of Endothelin 1 Receptor Inhibition on Functional, Structural and Molecular Changes in the Rat Heart after Irradiation. Radiat. Res. 170, 275–283 (2008). Radiation-induced heart disease is a severe side effect of thoracic radiotherapy. Studies suggest that mast cells play a protective role in radiation-induced heart disease and that the endothelin (ET) system mediates protective effects of mast cells in other disorders. This study examined whether mast cells modulate the cardiac ET system and examined the effects of ET receptor inhibition in a rat model of radiation-induced heart disease. Mast cell-deficient (Ws/Ws), mast cell-competent (+/+) and Sprague-Dawley rats received 18 Gy irradiation to the heart. Left ventricular mRNA of ET1 and its receptors (ETA and ETB) was measured in Ws/Ws and +/+ rats at 1 week and 3 months. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the ETA/ETB antagonist bosentan, and at 6 months cardiac changes were assessed using the Langendorff perfused rat heart preparation, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Ws/Ws and +/+ rat hearts did not differ in baseline mRNA. In contrast, +/+ rats hearts exhibited up-regulation of ET1 after irradiation, whereas Ws/Ws rats hearts did not, suggesting the possibility of interactions between mast cells and the cardiac ET system. Bosentan induced reductions in left ventricular systolic pressure, developed pressure and +dP/dtmax but did not affect fibrosis. Because of the known opposing effects of ETA and ETB, studies with selective antagonists may clarify the role of each receptor.