Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Detectability of Scan Chain Internal Faults An Industrial Case Study

Scan chains contain approximately 50% of the logic transistors in large industrial designs. Yet, faults in the scan cells are not directly targeted by scan tests and assumed detected by flush tests. Reported results of targeting the scan cell internal faults using checking sequences show such tests to be about 4.5 times longer than scan stuck-at test sets and require a sequential test generator, even for full scan circuits. We present the first step in developing an alternative test methodology for scan cell internal faults. Fault detection capability of existing tests (flush tests, stuck-at tests and transition delay fault tests) are quantified. Existing tests are shown to have similar coverage as checking sequences. A new flush test, viz. half-speed flush test, is defined. This new test is shown to add 2.3% and 8.8% to the stuck-at and stuck-on fault coverage, respectively.
Cancer support groups: meeting the needs of African Americans with cancer.

OBJECTIVES To describe culturally appropriate ways that cancer support groups can meet the needs of African Americans with cancer. DATA SOURCES Research articles and clinical experience. CONCLUSIONS Support groups are an important vehicle through which people cope with the emotional and physical impact of their cancer. Most support group participants are middle-class, white women. Faith-based cancer support groups can address the needs of many African Americans with cancer by offering support and education within the context of a spiritually based life-style. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Coping strategies may vary among cultural groups. In order to be supportive, cancer support groups must be congruent with the values and beliefs of the group's members.
Academic Dishonesty at the Graduate Level

We investigated the definition, prevalence, perceived prevalence and severity of, as well as justifications for and expected responses to, academic dishonesty at the graduate level in a sample of 246 graduate students, 49 faculty, and 20 administrators. Between 2.5% and 55.1% of students self-reported engaging in academically dishonest behaviors, depending on the nature of the behavior. Students and faculty rated 40 examples of academically dishonest behaviors similarly in terms of severity, but faculty tended to underestimate the prevalence of academic dishonesty. Students and faculty also reported how they would idealistically and realistically expect themselves to respond to cheating situations. Students rated 21 behaviors in terms of their likeliness to increase or decrease academically dishonest behavior. Suggestions are given for developing a climate or culture of academic integrity to address academic dishonesty.
Exploiting semantic proximity in peer-to-peer content searching

A lot of recent work has dealt with improving performance of content searching in peer-to-peer file sharing systems. In this paper we attack this problem by modifying the overlay topology describing the peer relations in the system. More precisely, we create a semantic overlay, linking nodes that are "semantically close", by which we mean that they are interested in similar documents. This semantic overlay provides the primary search mechanism, while the initial peer-to-peer system provides the fail-over search mechanism. We focus on implicit approaches for discovering semantic proximity. We evaluate and compare three candidate methods, and review open questions.
HOW , AND WHY , IS THE GOSHAWK ( ACCIPITER GENTILIS ) AFFECTED BY MODERN FOREST MANAGEMENT IN FENNOSCANDIA ?

-•The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a common raptor in the boreal forest of Fennoscandia (Norway, Sweden and Finland), with a present breeding density of about 3 pr/100 km 2 of forest area. Several independent studies show that goshawk populations in Fennoscandia have declined by 50-60% from the 1950s to the 1980s. This decline coincides in time with an intensification of forest management, which has changed the forest landscape. Among other effects, forests are more fragmented and the proportion of old forest is decreasing. Neither pesticide use nor persecution can explain the goshawk decline. However, changes in habitat and prey populations are both important factors that are affected by forestry. Goshawks need only a small patch of suitable habitat for nesting, but for their foraging home ranges cover 2000-6000 ha, and in boreal forest areas they prefer large patches of mature forest. I suggest that changes in the boreal forest landscape have resulted in a deterioration of goshawk hunting ranges, making it more difficult for them to secure adequate food for breeding. This factor is more important than a shortage of suitable nest sites. Declining prey densities (e.g., grouse) may be associated with forestry and is also an important factor that may affect goshawk numbers.
Playschool in pictures: children’s photographs as a research method

The paper focuses on children’s photographs as a method to use in research with children. Studies using photographs with children are reviewed and compared and a study conducted in one Icelandic playschool is described. The playschool was involved in a project where the purpose was to look at the ways children think about their early childhood educational setting and to develop methods for listening to children’s perspectives. The paper describes and compares two approaches where cameras were used. One group used digital cameras to take pictures in their playschool while they showed the researcher important places and things in the playschool. The other group was given disposable cameras that they could use unsupervised for a period of time. The results show that using cameras and children’s photos is a notable method to use when seeking children’s perspectives on their life in an early childhood setting.
Costs and benefits of allegiance : changes in fans' self-ascribed competencies after team victory versus defeat

Two studies examined the effect of game outcome on sports fans' estimates of the team's as well as their own future performance. Consistent with social identity theory, it was expected that Ss for whom fanship was an important identity would respond to team success and failure as personal success and failure. Ss watched a live basketball game; then, in the context of a second, unrelated experiment, Ss estimated their own performance at several tasks. Results indicated that fans' mood and self-esteem were affected by game outcome. More important, fans' estimates of both the team's and their own future performance were significantly better in the win than in the loss condition
Effect of Lactate Supplementation and Sodium Bicarbonate on 40-km Cycling Time Trial Performance

Abstract Northgraves, MJ, Peart, DJ, Jordan, CA, and Vince, RV. Effect of lactate supplementation and sodium bicarbonate on 40-km cycling time trial performance. J Strength Cond Res 28(1): 273–280, 2014—The use of nutritional supplements to improve sporting performance and increase training adaptations is commonplace among athletes and is an expanding market in terms of product choice and availability. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 ergogenic aids with extracellular blood buffering potential, namely sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and a lactate supplement, during a 40-km cycling time trial. Seven recreationally active men (age, 22.3 ± 3.3 years; height, 182.5 ± 6.5 cm; body mass, 79.2 ± 6.3 kg) completed five 40-km cycling time trials, including a familiarization trial in a randomized, blind, double placebo-controlled design. Subjects ingested (a) 300 mg·kg−1 body mass NaHCO3 (BICARB), (b) 45 mg∣kg−1 body mass sodium chloride (PL-BICARB) as the placebo for the NaHCO3 trial, (c) 1115 mg lactate (LACTATE), or (d) plain flour as the placebo for the lactate trial (PL-LACTATE) 60 minutes before exercise. There was no significant difference in performance between the 4 conditions (p > 0.05). Although NaHCO3 ingestion induced significant changes in all the acid-base variables (all p < 0.05), no significant change was seen following lactate ingestion (p > 0.05). Subjects in the LACTATE condition did have a significantly higher heart rate (p < 0.05) without experiencing any greater perceived exertion (p > 0.05) than the other 3 conditions. Neither NaHCO3 nor lactate supplementation seem to improve 40-km cycling time trial performance. However, the potential benefits following LACTATE regarding perceived exertion require further research.
Fantasy City: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern Metropolis

Fantasy City analyses the post-industrialist city as a site of entertainment. By discussing examples from a wide variety of venues, including casinos, malls, heritage developments and theme parks, Hannigan questions urban entertainments economic foundations and historical background. He asks whether such areas of fantasy destroy communities or instead create new groupings of shared identities and experiences. The book is written in a student friendly way with boxed case studies for class discussion.
Fibularis tertius: Revisiting the anatomy

Fibularis tertius (FT) may be used during reconstructive surgery and muscle transposition with retention of function. The muscle was examined in both lower limbs of 41 cadavers. Measurements were made of muscle belly length and width, tendon length and width, and the size of the origin on the fibula. Tendon insertion, nerve and blood supplies were also examined. FT was absent in five (6.1%) lower limbs of three (7.3%) subjects. The size of its origin demonstrated inter‐ and intra‐individual variation. FT arose from the distal fibula and on average occupied (28.4 ± 9.1)% (mean ± S. D.) of the total shaft length. In all cases the tendon inserted into the dorsal surface of the shafts of both the fourth and fifth metatarsals. A small nerve branch consistently arose from the deep fibular nerve near the origin of extensor digitorum longus. The nerve ran parallel to the length of this muscle, between it and extensor hallucis longus, before piercing FT. Anatomy textbooks describe FT as inserting into the fifth metatarsal only. This study, supported by data from previous reports, suggests that the “textbook” accounts of FT should be updated to record that most commonly its tendon reaches both the fourth and fifth metatarsals. Clin. Anat. 20:946–949, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Prototype‐Willingness Model of Sexual Crime Discourse in England and Wales

Dual‐process models of decision making assume that we process information using two distinct ‘systems’: a deliberate and analytical system, and an intuitive system. This article uses 148 UK press articles about sexual crime to apply one such model – the ‘prototype‐willingness’ model – to the study of social discourses about sexual crime in England and Wales. A small number of cases were significantly over‐represented within the article sample (for example, the recent Jimmy Savile scandal). This finding is examined within the context of contemporary debates about sexual crime, and a model of social and political discourse is advanced. Implications for legislation and future research are discussed.
Partners in Learning—educators, practitioners and students collaborate on work‐based learning—a case study

Abstract Work‐based learning is incorporated into a wide range of undergraduate courses that emphasise education for the professions. Yet, there is a lack of literature examining successful models that are structured around the principles of experiential learning. Partners in Learning (PAL) is a 12‐month, part‐time internship developed for Library and Information Studies students at the University of Canberra. Now in its fourth year, PAL is judged successful by students, mentors and academics alike. In this article, PAL is examined in relation to a model of experiential learning. Elements of successful work‐based experience are identified in published literature and related to “best practices” underlying the PAL model. Implications for educators introducing such a model are highlighted.
Increasing Proportion of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 as a Cause of Genital Herpes Infection in College Students

A retrospective review of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates collected in a university student health service over a 9-year period showed that an increasing proportion of isolates were HSV-1 rather than HSV-2. HSV-1 accounted for 78% of all genital isolates in this population by 2001, compared with 31% of isolates in 1993. Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 is usually thought to cause less than 30% of genital herpes infections in the United States, but the proportion of infections resulting from HSV-1 is increasing in some populations. Goal The goal was to review the relative proportion of HSV-1 and HSV-2 as the cause of newly diagnosed genital herpes infections in a population of U.S. college students and to assess trends in the change of this proportion over time. Study Design Genital HSV isolates collected at a university student health service from 1993 to 2001 (n = 499) were reviewed retrospectively. Analyses included comparisons of isolates by HSV type, age group, and sex. Results The proportion of newly diagnosed genital herpes infections resulting from HSV-1 increased from 31% in 1993 to 78% in 2001 (P <0.001, linear trend P <0.001). HSV-1 was more common in females than males, but increases were noted for both sexes. HSV-1 was more common in persons aged 16 to 21 than in persons aged 22 or older. Conclusions HSV-1 has become the most common cause of newly diagnosed genital herpes infections in this population of college students and reflects a reversal of the usual HSV-1/HSV-2 ratio.
Identification of a major linear C1q epitope allows detection of systemic lupus erythematosus anti-C1q antibodies by a specific peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies against C1q strongly correlate with the occurrence of severe nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We undertook this study to determine whether identification of the C1q epitope(s) recognized by these autoantibodies might lead to a better diagnostic assay and help elucidate the putative role of C1q and anti-C1q in SLE. METHODS SLE patient-derived anti-C1q Fab were used in a microarray-based peptide scan to identify the peptide sequence recognized by anti-C1q. Anti-C1q Fab binding to the target peptide was further analyzed using real-time interaction measurements (surface plasmon resonance) and peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS A peptide scan of the collagen-like region of C1q identified 2 regions, 1 on the A chain and 1 on the B chain, that were the targets of the anti-C1q Fab. Binding was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and showed nanomolar affinity. The A chain-derived peptide could specifically be detected in a peptide-based ELISA by SLE patient sera. Competition experiments suggested that this peptide represented one of the major linear epitopes of C1q that is the target of anti-C1q in SLE. Serum antibodies from most SLE patients but not from healthy individuals specifically bound to this epitope. Binding to the peptide correlated with binding of the same sera to native C1q but was found to be more sensitive for the detection of lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION We identified a major linear epitope of C1q that is the target of anti-C1q in SLE. The ELISA using this peptide was more specific and more sensitive than a conventional anti-C1q assay for the detection of active nephritis in SLE patients.
Black politics and the web of joined‐up governance: compromise, ethnic minority mobilization and the transitional public sphere

In the past decade we have seen the emergence of new forms of ethnic minority political mobilization. In this paper we explore one aspect of this transformation, namely the emergence of organizations such as the National Civil Rights Movement (NCRM) and the National Assembly Against Racism (NAAR). We argue that such organizations are part of a transitional public sphere within ethnic minority politics that seeks to provide links between mainstream and alternative forms of minority political activism. Such organizations have grown partly as a result of the need to construct new channels of political involvement and engagement for minority communities. In this sense they represent a break from the dominant forms of ethnic minority politics and highlight the ways in which minority political networks have become interlinked with wider policy networks within national and local state institutions, the legal system and civil society more generally. They represent an arena of political participation that is likely to grow in importance in the coming period as ethnic minority communities exert pressure for greater influence within both national and local political institutions. Drawing on original research among a number of organizations, this paper provides an analysis of the evolution and likely impact of this sphere of minority political life.
CEO Compensation and Credit Risk

We examine the empirical relationship between executive compensation and credit risk. For each of the three major components of CEO compensation – salary, bonus, and stock option awards – we derive estimates of “unexplained” compensation as pay that deviates substantially from expected pay based on firm size, past performance, and other variables. We then relate these measures of unexplained compensation to the risk of default and large rating downgrades between 1993 and 2003. After controlling for a variety of firm characteristics, including industry effects and long-term ratings, we find that large, positive, unexplained bonus and option awards are predictive of both default and large rating downgrades. Variations in salaries, however, do not appear to be predictive of credit risk. JEL Codes: G14, G33, G34
The DYX2 locus and neurochemical signaling genes contribute to speech sound disorder and related neurocognitive domains

A major milestone of child development is the acquisition and use of speech and language. Communication disorders, including speech sound disorder (SSD), can impair a child's academic, social and behavioral development. Speech sound disorder is a complex, polygenic trait with a substantial genetic component. However, specific genes that contribute to SSD remain largely unknown. To identify associated genes, we assessed the association of the DYX2 dyslexia risk locus and markers in neurochemical signaling genes (e.g., nicotinic and dopaminergic) with SSD and related endophenotypes. We first performed separate primary associations in two independent samples – Cleveland SSD (210 affected and 257 unaffected individuals in 127 families) and Denver SSD (113 affected individuals and 106 unaffected individuals in 85 families) – and then combined results by meta‐analysis. DYX2 markers, specifically those in the 3′ untranslated region of DCDC2 (P = 1.43 × 10−4), showed the strongest associations with phonological awareness. We also observed suggestive associations of dopaminergic‐related genes ANKK1 (P = 1.02 × 10−2) and DRD2 (P = 9.22 × 10−3) and nicotinic‐related genes CHRNA3 (P = 2.51 × 10−3) and BDNF (P = 8.14 × 10−3) with case–control status and articulation. Our results further implicate variation in putative regulatory regions in the DYX2 locus, particularly in DCDC2, influencing language and cognitive traits. The results also support previous studies implicating variation in dopaminergic and nicotinic neural signaling influencing human communication and cognitive development. Our findings expand the literature showing genetic factors (e.g., DYX2) contributing to multiple related, yet distinct neurocognitive domains (e.g., dyslexia, language impairment, and SSD). How these factors interactively yield different neurocognitive and language‐related outcomes remains to be elucidated.
Piecewise-Planar 3D Approximation from Wide-Baseline Stereo

This paper approximates the 3D geometry of a scene by a small number of 3D planes. The method is especially suited to man-made scenes, and only requires two calibrated wide-baseline views as inputs. It relies on the computation of a dense but noisy 3D point cloud, as for example obtained by matching DAISY descriptors [35] between the views. It then segments one of the two reference images, and adopts a multi-model fitting process to assign a 3D plane to each region, when the region is not detected as occluded. A pool of 3D plane hypotheses is first derived from the 3D point cloud, to include planes that reasonably approximate the part of the 3D point cloud observed from each reference view between randomly selected triplets of 3D points. The hypothesis-to-region assignment problem is then formulated as an energy-minimization problem, which simultaneously optimizes an original data-fidelity term, the assignment smoothness over neighboring regions, and the number of assigned planar proxies. The synthesis of intermediate viewpoints demonstrates the effectiveness of our 3D reconstruction, and thereby the relevance of our proposed data fidelity-metric.
Factors Perceived to Influence Young Irish Men's Body Image Investment: A Qualitative Investigation

To better understand young Irish men’s investment in their body image, a series of focus groups and personal interviews were conducted (N = 28). Recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Numerous themes emerged: factors thought to intensify body image investment (media, sexual partners, body comparison, participation in sport, peers, negative commentary, family, striving for a healthy body, and striving for psychological well-being) and influences believed to weaken body image investment (appearance is unimportant and the time and effort expended to achieve the ideal are prohibitive). Illustrative quotes are used to represent each theme, and findings are discussed with respect to the participants’ own body image attitudes.
Further Validation of the Commitment to Career Choices Scale: Extensions to a High-School Sample

The present study examined the reliability and validity of the Commitment to Career Choices Scale (CCCS; Blustein, Ellis, & Devenis, 1989) within a large sample of high-school students (N = 481). Data were concurrently gathered on students' college- versus work-bound orientations, cumulative GPAs, and their parents' educational levels; in addition, students indicated whether or not they presently had a definite career goal. Results demonstrated that the CCCS subscales possessed adequate reliability and were significantly related in expected directions with students' career decision status (i.e., decided/undecided). Tendency to foreclose (TTF), but not Vocational exploration and commitment (VEC), scores were negatively related to cumulative GPAs. Regression analysis of student GPAs demonstrated that VEC scores and their interaction with TTF scores significantly predicted students' academic grades beyond that explained by their parents' educational levels and the students' own decision status and college- versus work-bound orientations. Implications of these findings for using the CCCS within high-school samples are considered.