Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin by human B cell lines and tonsillar B cells

The production of TNF/cachectin by human B cell lines and tonsillar B cells was examined. Of the 15 B cell lines examined, 9 cell lines synthesize TNF mRNA constitutively. PMA stimulated most cell lines to accumulate increased amounts of TNF. SeD, 8866P, 32al, RPMI 1788, and four bone marrow-derived EBV-transformed cell lines accumulated high levels of TNF mRNA when stimulated by PMA. TNF production by these cell lines was examined. RPMI 1788 and WIH8 produced little TNF constitutively, but synthesized 5-7 ng/ml TNF when stimulated by PMA. A pre-B cell line, Nalm-6, did not synthesize any detectable amount of TNF mRNA, even with PMA stimulation. Tonsillar B cells could also be stimulated to produce TNF. PMA or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC) alone stimulated some TNF mRNA accumulation, whereas B cell growth factor (BCGF) or anti-mu did not. This accumulation was synergistically elevated by the combinations of PMA and SAC, or PMA and anti-mu. BCGF increased PMA-, SAC-, PMA plus SAC-, or PMA plus anti-mu- induced TNF mRNA accumulations about twofold. The accumulation of TNF mRNA in tonsillar B cells stimulated by PMA plus SAC was between 32 and 48 h, the same peak interval as the accumulation of TNF and IL-2 mRNA in tonsillar T cells. This is in contrast to PMA or PMA plus A23187- stimulated RPMI 1788 cells in which TNF mRNA accumulation was maximal at 1-2 h. TNF activities found in tonsillar B cell supernatants correlated with the TNF mRNA levels in the cells. However, more TNF activity was found on the second-day than the third-day supernatants, indicating active TNF uptake by the B cells. Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited SAC and anti-mu responses in B cells in much the same way as the anti-CD3 responses in T cells. SAC-, PMA plus SAC-, and PMA plus anti-mu-stimulated, but not PMA-stimulated, increases in TNF mRNA accumulations in tonsillar B cells were inhibited by CsA. TNF production seems to increase in parallel with B cell proliferation, but the relationship of these two functions needs to be further examined.
Childhood conscientiousness relates to objectively measured adult physical health four decades later.

OBJECTIVE Many life span personality-and-health models assume that childhood personality traits result in life-course pathways leading through morbidity to mortality. Although childhood conscientiousness in particular predicts mortality, there are few prospective studies that have investigated the associations between childhood personality and objective health status in adulthood. The present study tested this crucial assumption of life span models of personality and health using a comprehensive assessment of the Big Five traits in childhood (M age = 10 years) and biomarkers of health over 40 years later (M age = 51 years). METHODS Members of the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort (N = 753; 368 men, 385 women) underwent a medical examination at mean age 51. Their global health status was evaluated by well-established clinical indicators that were objectively measured using standard protocols, including blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index. These indicators were combined to evaluate overall physiological dysregulation and grouped into five more homogeneous subcomponents (glucose intolerance, blood pressure, lipids, obesity, and medications). RESULTS Lower levels of childhood conscientiousness predicted more physiological dysregulation (β = -.11, p < .05), greater obesity (β = -.10, p < .05), and worse lipid profiles (β = -.10, p < .05), after controlling for the other Big Five childhood personality traits, gender, ethnicity, parental home ownership, and adult conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with a key assumption in life span models that childhood conscientiousness is associated with objective health status in older adults. They open the way for testing mechanisms by which childhood personality may influence mortality through morbidity; mechanisms that could then be targeted for intervention.
Reduction of false critical ECG alarms using waveform features of arterial blood pressure and/or photoplethysmogram signals

To address the Physionet/Computing in Cardiology (CinC) Challenge 2015 [1], this article presents practical algorithm to reduce false critical ECG alarms using waveform features of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and/or photo-plethysmogram (PPG). The ABP/PPG pulse features are extracted on a beat-by-beat basis in real-time manner. For each detected pulse (or forced detection), 5 event feature indicators (EFIs), which correspond to the 5 critical ECG arrhythmia alarms, are generated from a group of pulses prior to the current pulse. At the time of a critical arrhythmia alarm, the corresponding EFI values of those ABP/PPG pulses prior to or around the alarm time are checked for adjudicating (accept/reject) this alarm. As an extension or option, available electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are included in a way similar to ABP/PPG processing. Quantitative results on the Challenge training and test datasets are presented. The algorithm is practical owing to its real-time processing mechanism and computational efficiency.
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Stabilization and Treatment of Colles' Fractures in Elderly Patients

Colles' fractures (fractures of the distal radius) are extremely common in the elderly. These fractures tend to result in displacement in elderly people because they have osteoporotic bone. Fracture displacement in the elderly, however, does not necessarily result in functional impairment. This review looks at the current literature on distal radius fractures in the elderly and the treatment options for stabilization of these fractures. These include conservative management with cast immobilization or surgical options: internal fixation, external fixation, percutaneous pinning, and bone substitutes.
Measuring anxiety by ordered categorical items in data with subgroup structure: the case of the Hungarian version of the trait anxiety scale of the state-trait anxiety inventory for children (staic-h)

The present study suggests a modelling methodology for examining measurement invariance of ordered categorical item indicators of latent constructs such as anxiety, coping, motives etc., in research settings with few subgroups and a large sample of individuals. The Hungarian version of the Anxiety Trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC-H) was administered to 605 boys and 975 girls of age 10–15 in 12 schools. A MIMIC model was suggested for examining measurement invariance across subgroups of schools and ages, while a multi-group analysis was recommended for investigating invariance across gender. High degree of invariance across groups was obtained for the Anxiety Trait scale in terms of item factor loadings, item thresholds and item homogeneity with respect to group contrast variables. Based on the diagnostic information obtained by the present methodology, the few item indicators showing non-invariance were discussed with reference to methodological and conceptual considerations.
The APOSTEL recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies

Objective: To develop consensus recommendations for reporting of quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) study results. Methods: A panel of experienced OCT researchers (including 11 neurologists, 2 ophthalmologists, and 2 neuroscientists) discussed requirements for performing and reporting quantitative analyses of retinal morphology and developed a list of initial recommendations based on experience and previous studies. The list of recommendations was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group. Results: We provide a 9-point checklist encompassing aspects deemed relevant when reporting quantitative OCT studies. The areas covered are study protocol, acquisition device, acquisition settings, scanning protocol, funduscopic imaging, postacquisition data selection, postacquisition data analysis, recommended nomenclature, and statistical analysis. Conclusions: The Advised Protocol for OCT Study Terminology and Elements recommendations include core items to standardize and improve quality of reporting in quantitative OCT studies. The recommendations will make reporting of quantitative OCT studies more consistent and in line with existing standards for reporting research in other biomedical areas. The recommendations originated from expert consensus and thus represent Class IV evidence. They will need to be regularly adjusted according to new insights and practices.
Automated Outlier Removal for Mobile Microbenchmarking Datasets

Microbenchmarking is a useful tool for fine-grained performance analysis, and represents a potentially valuable tool in the development of mobile applications and systems. However, the fine-grained measurements of microbenchmarking are inherently susceptible to noise from the underlying operating system and hardware. This noise includes outliers that must be removed in order to produce meaningful results. Existing microbenchmarking implementations utilise only simple mechanisms for removing outliers. In this paper we propose a heuristic for the automated removal of outliers from mobile microbenchmarking datasets. We then simplify this heuristic for use on mobile devices. Empirical evaluation demonstrates that our outlier removal heuristics are effective across microbenchmarking datasets collected from a range of mobile devices. Our simplified heuristic operates in log-linear time, making it suitable for use on resource-constrained mobile devices. The ability to perform outlier removal on-device without the need for post-processing on desktop or server hardware enhances the utility of mobile microbenchmarking tools. Our results present interesting opportunities for further studies across a broader range of device platforms.
A New Professionalism for a Collaborative Culture of Organizational Learning in Contemporary Society

The purpose of this article is critically to evaluate the notion of professionalism in the contemporary context and to suggest a way forward which will enhance the ‘learning capability’ of institutions in whicheducational professionals work. The characteristics of what are shown to be‘new times’ will be briefly summarized and a case made for a particular reinterpretation of professionalism in the light of these new circumstances. Crucial to the practice of a new professionalism will be an emphasis in institutions on democratic collaborationas a basis for rational communication in the context of uncertainty which characterizes ‘new times’. The discussion focuses on bureaucraticconstraints on such a collaborative model and on the operation of disciplinary power(Foucault) in institutions. Reformswhich aim to foster collaborative cultures, such as the National Curriculumand the school effectiveness/school improvement movement, often conceal theextent to which disciplinary power remains dominant. Professionals need to be more sensitive towards the role of power in the construction of selves and in their understanding of their own expertise in this regard.
Trust Me, I Believe in God

Religion plays a prominent role in American politics, and candidates often attempt to display their religiousness in a variety of ways. For example, in spite of the association between conservatism and religion, research shows that candidates of both parties routinely use religious language and seek to demonstrate personal religiousness. Existing research portrays religious rhetoric primarily as an ideological cue, failing to explain why Democrats would make religious appeals. Drawing on psychological theories of prejudice toward atheists, we argue that candidates emphasize their religiousness in order to enhance perceptions of their trustworthiness and morality. Using survey data, we show that voters are quite unlikely to support an atheist candidate, an effect that is strongly driven by the perception of atheists’ morality. Next, we show evidence that voters perceiving Hillary Clinton as religious also viewed her as more trustworthy, and were more likely to view her favorably. Finally, we show experimentally that religious candidates are perceived as more trustworthy, at least among a wide swath of the electorate. We conclude that displays of religiousness likely serve not only an ideological purpose but also the broader goal of increasing perceived candidate trustworthiness.
Pattern Recognition Techniques Applied to the Study of Leishmanial Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibition

Chemometric pattern recognition techniques were employed in order to obtain Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) models relating the structures of a series of adenosine compounds to the affinity for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Leishmania mexicana (LmGAPDH). A training set of 49 compounds was used to build the models and the best ones were obtained with one geometrical and four electronic descriptors. Classification models were externally validated by predictions for a test set of 14 compounds not used in the model building process. Results of good quality were obtained, as verified by the correct classifications achieved. Moreover, the results are in good agreement with previous SAR studies on these molecules, to such an extent that we can suggest that these findings may help in further investigations on ligands of LmGAPDH capable of improving treatment of leishmaniasis.
Gender and emotion recognition with implicit user signals

We examine the utility of implicit user behavioral signals captured using low-cost, off-the-shelf devices for anonymous gender and emotion recognition. A user study designed to examine male and female sensitivity to facial emotions confirms that females recognize (especially negative) emotions quicker and more accurately than men, mirroring prior findings. Implicit viewer responses in the form of EEG brain signals and eye movements are then examined for existence of (a) emotion and gender-specific patterns from event-related potentials (ERPs) and fixation distributions and (b) emotion and gender discriminability. Experiments reveal that (i) Gender and emotion-specific differences are observable from ERPs, (ii) multiple similarities exist between explicit responses gathered from users and their implicit behavioral signals, and (iii) Significantly above-chance (≈70%) gender recognition is achievable on comparing emotion-specific EEG responses– gender differences are encoded best for anger and disgust. Also, fairly modest valence (positive vs negative emotion) recognition is achieved with EEG and eye-based features.
Ultrastructural study of non-traumatic recurrent corneal erosion.

The recurrent epithelial erosion syndrome of the cornea is a common disorder; it usually follows specific trauma to the cornea, though it may present without such a history. It may sometimes be inherited or may occur in association with inherited corneal dystrophies (Duke-Elder and Leigh, I965; Griffith and Fine, I967). Clinically, the patient presents with symptoms of a sharp pain on opening the eyes in the morning followed by watering, photophobia, and a variable degree of blurring of vision. Cystic changes within the epithelium are recognized biomicroscopical features. This may be associated with a slight lifting, linear cracks, or frank loss of epithelium which gives the condition its name. Our knowledge of the aetiopathogenesis of this disorder is, however, limited. In cases precipitated by trauma, it has been suggested that the basement membrane over the traumatized area of the cornea is defective (Goldman, Dohlman, and Kravitt, I969; Khodadoust, Silverstein, Kenyon, and Dowling, I968). The purpose of this paper is to report for the first time the ultrastructural features of epithelial biopsies taken from a case of bilateral recurrent erosion syndrome of non-traumatic origin.
On the 'Semantics' of Differential Privacy: A Bayesian Formulation

Differential privacy is a definition of "privacy'" for algorithms that analyze and publish information about statistical databases. It is often claimed that differential privacy provides guarantees against adversaries with arbitrary side information. In this paper, we provide a precise formulation of these guarantees in terms of the inferences drawn by a Bayesian adversary. We show that this formulation is satisfied by both "vanilla" differential privacy as well as a relaxation known as (epsilon,delta)-differential privacy. Our formulation follows the ideas originally due to Dwork and McSherry [Dwork 2006]. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first place such a formulation appears explicitly. The analysis of the relaxed definition is new to this paper, and provides some concrete guidance for setting parameters when using (epsilon,delta)-differential privacy.
Defiance, Deterrence, and Irrelevance: A Theory of the Criminal Sanction

Increasing evidence shows great diversity in the effects of the criminal sanction. Legal punishment either reduces, increases, or has no effect on future crimes, depending on the type of offenders, offenses, social settings, and levels of analysis. A theory of “defiance” helps explain the conditions under which punishment increases crime. Procedural justice (fairness or legitimacy) of experienced punishment is essential for the acknowledgment of shame, which conditions deterrence; punishment perceived as unjust can lead to unacknowledged shame and defiant pride that increases future crime. Both “specific” defiance by individuals and “general” defiance by collectivities results from punishment perceived as unfair or excessive, unless deterrent effects counterbalance defiance and render the net effect of sanctions irrelevant. By implication, crime might be reduced more by police and courts treating all citizens with fairness and respect than by increasing punishments. A variety of research designs can be used to test, refine, or reject the theory.
Comparative genotoxicity of nanosilver in human liver HepG2 and colon Caco2 cells evaluated by a flow cytometric in vitro micronucleus assay

Two widely used in vitro cell culture models, human liver HepG2 cells and human colon Caco2 cells, and flow cytometry techniques were evaluated as tools for rapid screening of potential genotoxicity of food‐related nanosilver. Comparative genotoxic potential of 20 nm silver was evaluated in HepG2 and Caco2 cell cultures by a flow cytometric‐based in vitro micronucleus assay. The nanosilver, characterized by the dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry analysis, showed no agglomeration of the silver nanoparticles. The inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated the uptake of 20 nm silver by both cell types. The 20 nm silver exposure of HepG2 cells increased the concentration‐dependent micronucleus formation sevenfold at 10 µg ml–1 concentration in attached cell conditions and 1.3‐fold in cell suspension conditions compared to the vehicle controls. However, compared to the vehicle controls, the 20 nm silver exposure of Caco2 cells increased the micronucleus formation 1.2‐fold at a concentration of 10 µg ml–1 both in the attached cell conditions as well as in the cell suspension conditions. Our results of flow cytometric in vitro micronucleus assay appear to suggest that the HepG2 cells are more susceptible to the nanosilver‐induced micronucleus formation than the Caco2 cells compared to the vehicle controls. However, our results also suggest that the widely used in vitro models, HepG2 and Caco2 cells and the flow cytometric in vitro micronucleus assay are valuable tools for the rapid screening of genotoxic potential of nanosilver and deserve more careful evaluation. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Modeling (Non-)uniform scattering distributions in geometrical acoustics

In most cases, a surface is not ideally smooth. It rather contains regular and irregular dents, bumps and other textures that influence the reflection of the incident wave. A reflection on such a corrugated surface causes a frequency-dependent redirection of the incident sound energy outside the specular direction, called scattering. While the computation of the specular part is well elaborated today, a model that thoroughly captures the wave phenomenon of scattering is still under discussion. Here, the most common assumption is that scattered energy follows a uniform Lambert distribution, which has proven to be a good approximation, especially in room acoustical applications. In this contribution, we will discuss Lambert-based scattering models (specular/diffuse sound field decomposition and vector mixing) and their implementations in methods of Geometrical Acoustics. We will analyze benefits and flaws of the respective models and investigate possibilities to introduce angle-dependent scattering for use cases where the uniform Lambertian distribution becomes invalid.
Encoding CSP into CCS

We study encodings from CSP into asynchronous CCS with name passing and matching, so in fact, the asynchronous pi-calculus. By doing so, we discuss two different ways to map the multi-way synchronisation mechanism of CSP into the two-way synchronisation mechanism of CCS. Both encodings satisfy the criteria of Gorla except for compositionality, as both use an additional top-level context. Following the work of Parrow and Sj\"odin, the first encoding uses a centralised coordinator and establishes a variant of weak bisimilarity between source terms and their translations. The second encoding is decentralised, and thus more efficient, but ensures only a form of coupled similarity between source terms and their translations.
The association between personality disorder and an act of deliberate self harm in the older person

ABSTRACT Background: Suicide rates are higher in the over 65s than in younger adults and there is a strong link between deliberate self harm (DSH) and suicide in older people. The association between personality disorder (PD) and DSH in older adults remains uncertain. Our objective was to describe this association. Methods: A case control study was conducted in which participants were: (i) those who had undertaken an act of DSH and (ii) a hospital-based control group drawn from a geographical contiguous population. PD was assessed using the Standardised Assessment of Personality (SAP) Results: Seventy-seven cases of DSH were identified; 61 (79.2%) of these participants were interviewed. There were 171 potential controls identified of whom 140 (81.9%) were included. An SAP was completed in 45/61 (73.8%) of cases and 100/140 (71.4%) of controls. The mean age was 79.8 years (SD = 9, range 65–103). The crude odds ratio for the association between PD and DSH was 5.91 [(95% CI 2.3, 14.9) p<0.0001]. There was a strong interaction with age stratified at 80 years. There was no association between PD and DSH after age 80. The adjusted odds ratio for PD in the group <80 years was 20.5 [(95% CI 3, 141) p = 0.002]. Borderline and impulsive PD traits tended to be associated with an episode of DSH more than other personality types. Conclusions: PD appears to be a strong and independent risk for an act of DSH in people aged between 65 and 80 years and should be looked for as part of any risk assessment in this population. Access to specialist services may be required to optimally manage this problem and reduce the subsequent risk of suicide.