Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6 and for future earthquakes in India

Only five moderate and large earthquakes (Mw 5.7) in India—three in the Indian shield region and two in the Himalayan arc region—have given rise to multiple strong ground-motion recordings. Near-source data are available for only two of these events. The Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.6), which occurred in the shield region, gave rise to useful recordings at distances exceeding 550 km. Because of the scarcity of the data, we use the stochastic method to estimate ground motions. We assume that (1) S waves dominate at R 100 km and Lg waves at R 100 km, (2) Q 508f 0.48 is valid for the Indian shield as well as the Himalayan arc region, (3) the effective duration is given by fc 1 0.05R, where fc is the corner frequency, and R is the hypocentral distance in kilometer, and (4) the acceleration spectra are sharply cut off beyond 35 Hz. We use two finite-source stochastic models. One is an approximate model that reduces to the x 2 -source model at distances greater that about twice the source dimension. This model has the advantage that the ground motion is controlled by the familiar stress parameter, Dr. In the other finite-source model, which is more reliable for near-source ground-motion estimation, the high- frequency radiation is controlled by the strength factor, sfact, a quantity that is phys- ically related to the maximum slip rate on the fault. We estimate Dr needed to fit the observed Amax and Vmax data of each earthquake (which are mostly in the far field). The corresponding sfact is obtained by requiring that the predicted curves from the two models match each other in the far field up to a distance of about 500 km. The results show: (1) The Dr that explains Amax data for shield events may be a function of depth, increasing from 50 bars at 10 km to 400 bars at 36 km. The corresponding sfact values range from 1.0-2.0. The Dr values for the two Himalayan arc events are 75 and 150 bars (sfact 1.0 and 1.4). (2) The Dr required to explain Vmax data is, roughly, half the corresponding value for Amax, while the same sfact explains both sets of data. (3) The available far-field Amax and Vmax data for the Bhuj mainshock are well explained by Dr 200 and 100 bars, respec- tively, or, equivalently, by sfact 1.4. The predicted Amax and Vmax in the epi- central region of this earthquake are 0.80 to 0.95 g and 40 to 55 cm/sec, respectively.
PROBING THE DYNAMICS OF CLUSTER-LENSES

ABSTRACT We propose a new approach to study the dynamical implications of mass models ofclusters for the velocity structure of galaxies in the core. Strong and weak lensing dataare used to construct the total mass proﬁle of the cluster, which is used in conjunctionwith the optical galaxy data to solve in detail for the nature of galaxy orbits and thevelocity anisotropy in the central regions. We also examine other observationally andphysically motivated mass models, speciﬁcally those obtained from X-ray observationsand N-body simulations. The aim of this analysis is to understand qualitatively thestructure of the core and test some of the key assumptions of the standard picture ofcluster formation regarding relaxation, virialization and equilibrium. This technique isapplied to the cluster Abell 2218, where we ﬁnd evidence for an anisotropic core, whichwe interpret to indicate the existence of a dynamically disturbed central region. Weﬁnd that the requirement of physically meaningful solutions for the velocity anisotropyplaces stringent bounds on the slope of cluster density proﬁles in the inner regions.Key words: galaxy clusters: lensing – galaxy clusters: galaxy orbits – galaxy clusters:dynamics
The Degrees of Freedom in Wireless Line-of-Sight OAM Multiplexing Systems Using a Circular Array of Receiving Antennas

A wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing system consists of multiple transmit and receive antennas. The channel capacity of such systems does not merely depend on the number of degrees of freedom (DoF) it can support, but also on their gains, represented by the singular values of the channel matrix. A radio frequency based orbital angular momentum (OAM) communication system can be modeled as a MIMO multiplexing system. In the ideal case, message signals transmitted on the same frequency using multiple OAM modes can be separated by using a circular array of receive antennas. In this paper, we characterize circular arrays using three parameters: angular spacing between consecutive antennas, angular span of the elements within the array and the standard deviation of the angular spacing. We show that, the effective degrees of freedom in RF based OAM communication systems depend on the characteristics of the circular array used to receive the transmitted OAM signals.
Collaborative instruction and Handwriting Without Tears®: A strong foundation for kindergarten learning

ABSTRACT Handwriting is a foundational skill students use throughout each school day. Occupational therapists are uniquely positioned to assist teachers and students in the occupational task of handwriting. This intervention combined a collaborative teaching model and the use of Handwriting Without Tears® to teach lower case letter writing to two classrooms of kindergarteners. Pre- and posttesting with The Print Tool® indicated statistically and clinically significant gains on lower case letter memory and overall letter alignment. Teachers reported positive outcomes resulting from collaboration with the occupational therapist. These results support the effectiveness of collaborative instruction using Handwriting Without Tears® with kindergarten students.
Digital inclusion through mobile phones?: A comparison between mobile-only and computer users in internet access, skills and use

ABSTRACT Given the rapid rise of mobile-only users, we investigated the digital inclusion process through smartphones. By using Chile as a case study, a country that has strongly promoted mobile connections to address internet access gaps, we compared mobile-only and computer users in different dimensions of the digital inclusion process, including digital skills and differentiated uses of the web. By relying on a face-to-face national representative survey, the results showed that smartphones represent an opportunity to access the internet for those who traditionally lag behind. However mobile-only use does not necessarily lead to a more complete digital inclusion process because it was related to lower levels of skills and less diverse types of uses of the web compared to those people who also use the computer. Also, skills partially mediated the association between access device and types of uses of the web, which suggests that the differences by access device partly occur because people have greater chances to develop skills when accessing the web through computers.
Mechanism design: from partial to probabilistic verification

Algorithmic mechanism design is concerned with designing algorithms for settings where inputs are controlled by selfish agents, and the center needs to motivate the agents to report their true values. In this paper, we study scenarios where the center may be able to verify whether the agents report their preferences (types) truthfully. We first consider the standard model of mechanism design with partial verification, where the set of types that an agent can report is a function of his true type. We explore inherent limitations of this model; in particular, we show that the famous Gibbard--Satterthwaite impossibility result holds even if a manipulator can only lie by swapping two adjacent alternatives in his vote. Motivated by these negative results, we then introduce a richer model of verification, which we term mechanism design with probabilistic verification. In our model, an agent may report any type, but will be caught with some probability that may depend on his true type, the reported type, or both; if an agent is caught lying, he will not get his payment and may be fined. We characterize the class of social choice functions that can be truthfully implemented in this model. We then proceed to study the complexity of finding an optimal individually rational implementation, i.e., one that minimizes the center's expected payment while guaranteeing non-negative utility to the agent, both for truthful and for non-truthful implementation. Our hardness result for non-truthful implementation answers an open question recently posed by Auletta et al. [2011].
Cerebral Microbleeds on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Anticoagulant-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk

The increasing use of antithrombotic drugs in an aging population [including anticoagulants to prevent future ischemic stroke in individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF)] has been associated with a dramatic increase in the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in users of antithrombotic drugs. Several lines of evidence suggest that cerebral small vessel disease (particularly sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy) is a risk factor for this rare but devastating complication of these commonly used treatments. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) have emerged as a key MRI marker of small vessel disease and a potentially powerful marker of future ICH risk, but adequately powered, high quality prospective studies of CMBs and ICH risk on anticoagulation are not available. Further data are urgently needed to determine how neuroimaging and other biomarkers may contribute to individualized risk prediction to make anticoagulation as safe and effective as possible. In this review we discuss the available evidence on cerebral small vessel disease and CMBs in the context of antithrombotic treatments, especially regarding their role as a predictor of future ICH risk after ischemic stroke, where risk-benefit judgments can be a major challenge for physicians. We will focus on patients with AF because these are frequently treated with anticoagulation. We briefly describe the rationale and design of a new prospective observational inception cohort study (Clinical Relevance of Microbleeds in Stroke; CROMIS-2) which investigates the value of MRI markers of small vessel disease (including CMBs) and genetic factors in assessing the risk of oral anticoagulation-associated ICH.
Destination Assisted Secret Wireless Communication With Cooperative Helpers

This letter investigates a novel two-stage cooperative scheme to secure the communication system with one source, one destination and multiple helpers. Herein, the source mixes the confidential messages with the interferences transmitted by the helpers and destination. Since the helpers and destination serve to suppress interferences, the destination can acquire an interference-free signal, however the eavesdropper is still confused. This scheme can achieve positive secrecy rate even when the eavesdropper's channel is much better than the legitimate link, and only requires local channel state information (CSI) and a few parameters of the main link. An efficient sub-optimal algorithm for the majorization of system parameters is proposed to avoid global search and the practical case without eavesdropper's CSI is also considered. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and algorithm.
Convergence properties of solitary tract neurons responsive to cardiac receptor stimulation in the anesthetized cat.

The convergence pattern of cardiac receptors, pulmonary C-fibers, carotid chemoreceptor, and baroreceptor afferents onto neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) was studied in the anesthetized (pentobarbitone sodium, 40 mg/kg,) paralyzed and artificially ventilated cat. Extra- and intracellular recordings were made from NTS neurons while stimulating both cardiac receptors by aortic root injections of veratridine (1-3 micrograms/kg) and pulmonary C-fibers by a right atrial injection of phenylbiguanide (10-20 micrograms/kg). The ipsilateral carotid body was stimulated by using arterial injection of CO2-saturated bicarbonate solution, whereas inflation of the ipsilateral carotid sinus was used to activate baroreceptors. The ipsilateral cardiac vagal branch, cervical vagus, and carotid sinus nerves were stimulated electrically (1 Hz, 0.2-1 ms, 1-35 V). In 78 NTS neurons recorded either extracellularly (n = 47) or intracellularly (n = 31), electrical stimulation of the cardiac branch of the vagus nerve evoked synaptic potentials (spikes and/or excitatory postsynaptic potentials) with an onset latency between 4 and 220 ms. Some neurons displayed both short and long latency inputs(15.5 +/- 1.8 and 160.0 +/- 8.5 ms; n = 14). Of these 78 neurons, 24 responded to veratridine stimulation of cardiac receptors (i.e., cardioreceptive neurons) by exhibiting an augmenting-decrementing discharge of 37 +/- 4 s in duration with a peak frequency of 30 +/- 5 Hz. Convergence from other cardiorespiratory receptors was noted involving either carotid chemoreceptors (n = 7) or pulmonary C-fibers (n = 4) or from both carotid chemoreceptors and pulmonary C-fibers (n = 6). In contrast, only one cardioreceptive NTS neuron was activated by distension of the carotid sinus. Recording sites recovered were confined to the medial NTS at the level of the area postrema and extended caudally into the commissural subnucleus. Our results indicate a convergence of carotid chemoreceptor and pulmonary C-fiber afferent inputs to cardioreceptive NTS neurons. With the paucity of baroreceptor inputs to these neurons it is suggested that sensory integration within the NTS may reflect regulatory versus defensive or protective reflex control.
Quantum Manipulation Using Light-Atom Interaction

Interactions between weak optical pulses at the single-photon level represent the fundamental limit of nonlinear optical science, and reaching this regime has been a long-standing goal, investigated over the last three decades [1]. In addition to fundamental interest, these efforts are stimulated by potential applications in quantum information science [2]. Examples include photonphoton switches, and all-optical transistors at the single-photon level.
HNO 3 fluxes to a deciduous forest derived using gradient and REA methods

Summertime nitric acid concentrations over a deciduous forest in the midwestern United States are reported, which range between 0.36 and 3.3 mgm . Fluxes to the forest are computed using the relaxed eddy accumulation technique and gradient methods. In accord with previous studies, the results indicate substantial uncertainties in the gradientbased calculations. The relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) derived fluxes are physically reasonable and are shown to be of similar magnitude to dry deposition estimates from gradient sampling. The REA derived mean deposition velocity is approximately 3 cm s , which is also comparable to growing season estimates derived by Meyers et al. for a similar deciduous forest. Occasional inverted concentration gradients and fluxes are observed but most are not statistically significant. Data are also presented that indicate substantial through canopy penetration of nitric acid. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
My 40-Year History with Cronobacter/Enterobacter sakazakii – Lessons Learned, Myths Debunked, and Recommendations

Much has been learned about organism in the Cronobacter/Enterobacter sakazakii complex since I first named and described Enterobacter sakazakii in 1980. However, there are still wide knowledge gaps. One of the most serious is that are still many uncertainties associated with assessing the public health risk posed by these bacteria, particularly in neonatal meningitis. Over the last few decades, Cronobacter contamination of commercial powdered infant formula products has apparently been reduced, but it is still an ongoing problem. The powdered infant formula industry still cannot produce powdered formula that is free of bacterial contamination with Cronobacter, other Enterobacteriaceae, other pathogenic bacteria, and other microorganisms. Until this happens, infants and other will be at risk of becoming infected when they ingest contaminated formula.
Aripiprazole Improves Associated Comorbid Conditions in Addition to Tics in Adult Patients with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is characterized by motor and vocal tics, as well as associated comorbid conditions including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and anxiety which are present in a substantial number of patients. Although randomized controlled trials including a large number of patients are still missing, aripiprazole is currently considered as a first choice drug for the treatment of tics. The aim of this study was to further investigate efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in a group of drug-free, adult patients. Specifically, we investigated the influence of aripiprazole on tic severity, comorbidities, premonitory urge (PU), and quality of life (QoL). Moreover, we were interested in the factors that influence a patient's decision in electing for-or against- pharmacological treatment. In this prospective uncontrolled open-label study, we included 44 patients and used a number of rating scales to assess tic severity, PU, comorbidities, and QoL at baseline and during treatment with aripiprazole. Eighteen out of fortyfour patients decided for undergoing treatment for their tics with aripiprazole and completed follow-up assessments after 4–6 weeks. Our major findings were (1) aripiprazole resulted in significant reduction of tics, but did not affect PU; (2) aripiprazole significantly improved OCD and showed a trend toward improvement of other comorbidities including depression, anxiety, and ADHD; (3) neither severity of tics, nor PU or QoL influenced patients' decisions for or against treatment of tics with aripiprazole; instead patients with comorbid OCD tended to decide in favor of, while patients with comorbid ADHD tended to decide against tic treatment; (4) most frequently reported adverse effects were sleeping problems; (5) patients' QoL was mostly impaired by comorbid depression. Our results suggest that aripiprazole may improve associated comorbid conditions in addition to tics in patients with GTS. It can be hypothesized that these beneficial effects are related to aripiprazole's adaptive pharmacological profile, which exhibits an influence on the dopaminergic as well as a number of other neurotransmitter systems. For the first time, our data provide evidence that patients' decision making process for or against medical treatment is influenced by other factors than tic severity and QoL.
On Implementing MOF 2 . 0 – New Features for Modelling Language Abstractions

The 2.0 series of OMG MDA standards offers a set of new features, which accommodate the tool-based development of languages with better means for modelling abstractions and for the reuse of common language elements. We choose to implement the new MOF 2.0 Core recommendation as modelling facility for our model driven engineering tools. This paper is about the problems, experiences, and solutions encountered during the implementation of a MOF tool, based on the CMOF model. The used design rationale is a lightweight meta-modelling repository technology that focuses on meta-modelling with abstractions and
A cross-over comparison of the effect of morphine, pethidine, pentazocine, and phenazocine on biliary pressure

The effects on biliary pressure of pentazocine, morphine, pethidine, and phenazocine were compared by direct measurement through a `T' tube after choledochotomy. In two within-patient comparisons, the mean increases in biliary pressure following intramuscular morphine were significantly greater than those following pentazocine. When pethidine and phenazocine were compared with pentazocine, the mean increases were lower following pentazocine but not to a statistically significant extent. Pentazocine appears to be the most appropriate strong analgesic in biliary and pancreatic disease.
Detection of Formaldehyde toward the Extreme Carbon Star IRC +10216

We report the detection of H2CO (formaldehyde) around the carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star IRC +10216. We find a fractional abundance with respect to molecular hydrogen of x(H2CO) = 1.3 × 10-8. This corresponds to a formaldehyde abundance with respect to water vapor of x(H2CO)/x(H2O) = (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-2, in line with the formaldehyde abundances found in solar system comets, and indicates that the putative extrasolar cometary system around IRC +10216 may have a similar chemical composition to solar system comets. However, we also failed to detect CH3OH (methanol) around IRC +10216, and our upper limit of x(CH3OH)/x(H2O) < 7.7 × 10-4 (3 σ) indicates that methanol is substantially underabundant in IRC +10216 compared to solar system comets. We also conclude, on the basis of offset observations, that formaldehyde has an extended source in the envelope of IRC +10216 and may be produced by the photodissociation of a parent molecule, similar to the production mechanism for formaldehyde in solar system comet comae. Preliminary mapping observations also indicate a possible asymmetry in the spatial distribution of formaldehyde around IRC +10216, but higher signal-to-noise ratio observations are required to confirm this finding. By serendipity, our observations have led to the detection of the J = 17-16 transition of Al37Cl at 241.855 GHz. Our analysis of the measured line flux, along with those of previously observed lower frequency transitions, yields a total AlCl (aluminum monochloride) abundance in the range (2-8) × 10-8 relative to H2; this range, which is a factor of 10 smaller than an abundance estimate that has appeared previously in the literature, amounts to ~4%-16% of the solar elemental abundance of chlorine, a fraction that is in accord with the predictions of thermochemical equilibrium models for cool stellar photospheres.
On Hardware Resource Consumption for Aspect-Oriented Implementation of Fault Tolerance

Software-implemented fault tolerance is a widely used technique for achieving high dependability in cost-sensitive applications. One approach to implementing fault tolerance in software is to use aspect-oriented programming (AOP). This paper investigates the hardware overhead imposed by software mechanisms for time-redundant execution and control flow checking implemented by using AOP. The impacts on static and dynamic memory consumption as well as execution time are measured. The overheads caused by using AOP were shown to be an issue. However, two optimizations to the weaver that reduce the overhead caused by the AOP language weaver were identified. Using these optimizations the overhead was reduced to acceptable or even beneficial levels compared to using standard C.
Adaptive Universal Linear Filtering

We consider the problem of online estimation of an arbitrary real-valued signal corrupted by zero-mean noise using linear estimators. The estimator is required to iteratively predict the underlying signal based on the current and several last noisy observations, and its performance is measured by the mean-square-error. We design and analyze an algorithm for this task whose total square-error on any interval of the signal is equal to that of the best fixed filter in hindsight with respect to the interval plus an additional term whose dependence on the total signal length is only logarithmic. This bound is asymptotically tight, and resolves the question of Moon and Wiessman [“Universal FIR MMSE filtering,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process. , vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1068-1083, 2009]. Furthermore, the algorithm runs in linear time in terms of the number of filter coefficients. Previous constructions required at least quadratic time.