Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the Aeroelastic Flutter Characteristics of Supersonic Beams Using Piezoelectric Material

The active aeroelastic flutter characteristics of supersonic beams are investigated. The main contribution of this research is that the piezoelectric material is used to increase the flutter velocities of the supersonic beams. A modeling approach based on the conventional theory of structural dynamics is employed. The process of deriving equations is not complicated and easy to understand. This methodology is verified to be accurate and effective. Hamilton’s principle with the assumed mode method is used to develop the equation of motion of the structural systems. The supersonic piston theory is adopted to evaluate the aerodynamic pressure. Using the standard eigenvalue methodology, the solutions for complex eigenvalue problem are obtained. A displacement and acceleration feedback control strategy is used to obtain the active stiffness and active mass. The aeroelastic flutter bounds are obtained by calculating the natural frequencies and damping ratios. The effects of the active stiffness and mass on the flutter properties of the supersonic beams are analyzed. From the numerical results, it is seen that by adding the active stiffness and mass to the supersonic beams, the aeroelastic flutter properties can be effectively improved. Especially, if the acceleration and displacement feedback gains are increased to proper values, the flutter can even be eliminated for the supersonic cantilevered beams.
Differential Gene Expression Analysis in Polygonum minus Leaf upon 24 h of Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation

Polygonum minus is an herbal plant that grows in Southeast Asian countries and traditionally used as medicine. This plant produces diverse secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds and their derivatives, which are known to have roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant signaling molecule that triggers transcriptional reprogramming in secondary metabolism and activation of defense responses against many biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the effect of MeJA elicitation on the genome-wide expression profile in the leaf tissue of P. minus has not been well-studied due to the limited genetic information. Hence, we performed Illumina paired-end RNA-seq for de novo reconstruction of P. minus leaf transcriptome to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to MeJA elicitation. A total of 182,111 unique transcripts (UTs) were obtained by de novo assembly of 191.57 million paired-end clean reads using Trinity analysis pipeline. A total of 2374 UTs were identified to be significantly up-/down-regulated 24 h after MeJA treatment. These UTs comprising many genes related to plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis, defense and stress responses. To validate our sequencing results, we analyzed the expression of 21 selected DEGs by quantitative real-time PCR and found a good correlation between the two analyses. The single time-point analysis in this work not only provides a useful genomic resource for P. minus but also gives insights on molecular mechanisms of stress responses in P. minus.
Chemical components, pharmacological properties, and nanoparticulate delivery systems of Brucea javanica

Brucea javanica has demonstrated a variety of antitumoral, antimalarial, and anti- inflammatory properties. As a Chinese herbal medicine, Brucea javanica is mainly used in the treatment of lung and gastrointestinal cancers. Pharmacological research has identified the main antitumor components are tetracyclic triterpene quassinoids. However, most of these active components have poor water solubility and low bioavailability, which greatly limit their clinical application. Nanoparticulate delivery systems are urgently needed to improve the bioavailability of Brucea javanica. This paper mainly focuses on the chemical components in Brucea javanica and its pharmacological properties and nanoparticulate formulations, in an attempt to encourage further research on its active components and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to expand its clinical applications. It is expected to improve the level of pharmaceutical research and provide a strong scientific foundation for further study on the medicinal properties of this plant.
Movie Fill in the Blank with Adaptive Temporal Attention and Description Update

Recently, a new type of video understanding task called Movie-Fill-in-the-Blank (MovieFIB) has attracted many research attentions. Given a pair of movie clip and description with one blank word as input, MovieFIB aims to automatically predict the blank word. Because of the advantage in processing sequence data, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) has been used as a key component in existing MovieFIB methods to generate representations of videos and descriptions. However, most of these methods fail to emphasize the salient parts of videos. To address this problem, in this paper we propose to use a novel LSTM network called LSTM with Linguistic gate (LSTMwL), which exploits adaptive temporal attention for MovieFIB. Specifically, we first use LSTM to produce video features, which are then used to update the text representation. Finally, we put the updated text into two opposite directional LSTMwL layers to infer the blank word. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art models for MovieFIB.
The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. Influences of age, sex, and impairment on rates of disorder.

BACKGROUND The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development is a cohort-longitudinal epidemiological study that uses the genetic twin design to study the development and maintenance of child psychiatric disorders. We determined the rates of DSM-III-R disorders, disorders with impairment, and age, sex, and comorbidity effects. METHODS Families of 2762 white twins aged 8 to 16 years participated. Twins and their parents were asked systematically about risk factors and current psychiatric symptoms by means of investigator-based psychiatric interviews and questionnaires. The DSM-III-R diagnoses were made for major depressive disorder, separation anxiety, overanxious disorder, simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. RESULTS The 3-month point prevalence for any DSM-III-R disorders was 413 per 1000, and that for disorders with associated impairment was 142 per 1000. Emotional disorders with impairment occurred in 89 per 1000, with girls being more commonly affected; behavioral disorders had a prevalence of 71 per 1000, with boys being more frequently affected. The proportion with disorder who also had functional impairment varied across disorders; anxiety and phobic disorders were particularly likely not to be accompanied by impairment. Rates of emotional and behavioral disorders increased over the age range. There was extensive comorbidity among disorders. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rates and patterns of findings from this study of twins are consistent with those of other epidemiological studies, supporting previous findings of few differences in rates of psychiatric disorder between twins and singletons. The importance of including measures of functional impairment is evident by its effect on rates of disorder and patterns of comorbidity.
Probabilistic mental models: a Brunswikian theory of confidence.

Research on people's confidence in their general knowledge has to date produced two fairly stable effects, many inconsistent results, and no comprehensive theory. We propose such a comprehensive framework, the theory of probabilistic mental models (PMM theory). The theory (a) explains both the overconfidence effect (mean confidence is higher than percentage of answers correct) and the hard-easy effect (overconfidence increases with item difficulty) reported in the literature and (b) predicts conditions under which both effects appear, disappear, or invert. In addition, (c) it predicts a new phenomenon, the confidence-frequency effect, a systematic difference between a judgment of confidence in a single event (i.e., that any given answer is correct) and a judgment of the frequency of correct answers in the long run. Two experiments are reported that support PMM theory by confirming these predictions, and several apparent anomalies reported in the literature are explained and integrated into the present framework.
A recurrent neural network without chaos

We introduce an exceptionally simple gated recurrent neural network (RNN) that achieves performance comparable to well-known gated architectures, such as LSTMs and GRUs, on the word-level language modeling task. We prove that our model has simple, predicable and non-chaotic dynamics. This stands in stark contrast to more standard gated architectures, whose underlying dynamical systems exhibit chaotic behavior.
On the logic of argumentation theory

The paper applies modal logic to formalize fragments of argumentation theory. Such formalization allows to import, for free, a wealth of new notions (e.g., argument equivalence), new techniques (e.g., calculi, model-checking games, bisimulation games), and results (e.g., completeness of calculi, adequacy of games, complexity of model-checking) from logic to argumentation.
A Retrospective Multicenter Study Comparing Speech Perception Outcomes for Bilateral Implantation and Bimodal Rehabilitation

Objectives: To compare speech perception outcomes between bilateral implantation (cochlear implants [CIs]) and bimodal rehabilitation (one CI on one side plus one hearing aid [HA] on the other side) and to explore the clinical factors that may cause asymmetric performances in speech intelligibility between the two ears in case of bilateral implantation. Design: Retrospective data from 2247 patients implanted since 2003 in 15 international centers were collected. Intelligibility scores, measured in quiet and in noise, were converted into percentile ranks to remove differences between centers. The influence of the listening mode among three independent groups, one CI alone (n = 1572), bimodal listening (CI/HA, n = 589), and bilateral CIs (CI/CI, n = 86), was compared in an analysis taking into account the influence of other factors such as duration of profound hearing loss, age, etiology, and duration of CI experience. No within-subject comparison (i.e., monitoring outcome modifications in CI/HA subjects becoming CI/CI) was possible from this dataset. Further analyses were conducted on the CI/CI subgroup to investigate a number of factors, such as implantation side, duration of hearing loss, amount of residual hearing, and use of HAs that may explain asymmetric performances of this subgroup. Results: Intelligibility ranked scores in quiet and in noise were significantly greater with both CI/CI and CI/HA than with a CI-alone group, and improvement with CI/CI (+11% and +16% in quiet and in noise, respectively) was significantly better than with CI/HA (+6% and +9% in quiet and in noise, respectively). From the CI/HA group, only subjects with ranked preoperative aided speech scores >60% performed as well as CI/CI participants. Furthermore, CI/CI subjects displayed significantly lower preoperative aided speech scores on average compared with that displayed by CI/HA subjects. Routine clinical data available from the present database did not explain the asymmetrical results of bilateral implantation. Conclusions: This retrospective study, based on basic speech audiometry (no lateralization cues), indicates that, on average, a second CI is likely to provide slightly better postoperative speech outcome than an additional HA for people with very low preoperative performance. These results may be taken into consideration to refine surgical indications for CIs.
Mechanical properties of nickel-powder–filled polypropylene composites

Mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties as well as impact behavior of nickel-powder–filled isotactic polypropylene composites were investigated in the composite composition range 0–3.5 volume % Ni. Tensile modulus, strength, and elongation-at-break decreased with increase in Ni content, which is attributed to the introduction of discontinuity in the structure. Analysis of tensile strength data indicated the introduction of stress concentration consequent upon addition of Ni into polypropylene. Izod impact strength at first increased up to a critical Ni content beyond which the value decreased inappreciably while flexural modulus and strength increased with filler concentration.
Outpatient diagnostic errors: unrecognized hyperglycemia.

CONTEXT To estimate the prevalence of unrecognized diabetes in a large managed care organization (MCO). DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. PATIENTS AND SETTING All patients over age 30 enrolled in the (staff-model) MCO of Duke University Medical Center between April 1996 and March 1999. DATA SOURCES Merged database of MCO administrative, billing, and laboratory files and selected medical records. CASE DEFINITIONS: We identified all patients with abnormal test results suggestive of diabetes (i.e., hemoglobin [Hb] A1c > or = 7.0% or plasma glucose > or = 200 mg/dL) on one or more occasions. Patients were considered to have recognized diabetes if they had an ICD-9 diagnostic code for diabetes in the administrative database or a diagnosis mentioned in their medical record (on the basis of medical record review of a random sample of 30% of patients with abnormal test results and no ICD-9 code). Patients with unrecognized diabetes did not have an ICD-9 code or a medical record diagnosis. RESULTS 1426 patients had laboratory tests suggestive of diabetes. Of these patients, 1122 (79%) had an ICD-9 diagnostic code for diabetes in the administrative database. Forty-six of the remaining 304 patients without ICD-9 codes had mention of diabetes on medical record review; thus, we estimate that as many as 258 (18% of patients with laboratory tests suggestive of diabetes) had unrecognized diabetes. When this estimate was restricted to findings that are most suggestive of diabetes (high HbA1c or two high plasma glucose tests), 124 (9%) patients had unrecognized diabetes. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of patients in an MCO have laboratory values suggestive of diabetes with no evidence that their providers have recognized this condition.
Rigorous A Posteriori Computation of (Un)Stable Manifolds and Connecting Orbits for Analytic Maps

This work is concerned with high order polynomial approximation of stable and unstable manifolds for analytic discrete time dynamical systems. We develop a posteriori theorems for these polynomial approximations which allow us to obtain rigorous bounds on the truncation errors via a computer assisted argument. Moreover, we represent the truncation error as an analytic function, so that the derivatives of the truncation error can be bounded using classical estimates of complex analysis. As an application of these ideas we combine the approximate manifolds and rigorous bounds with a standard Newton-Kantorovich argument in order to obtain a kind of "analytic-shadowing" result for connecting orbits between fixed points of discrete time dynamical systems. A feature of this method is that we obtain the transversality of the connecting orbit automatically. Examples of the manifold computation are given for invariant manifolds which have dimension between two and ten. Examples of the a posteriori error bounds and the analytic-shadowing argument for connecting orbits are given for dynamical systems in dimension three and six.
Young People's Recognition and Understanding of Schizophrenia: a Cross-Cultural Study of Young People From Britain and Nigeria

Aim: This cross-cultural study set out to compare the beliefs about the manifestations, causes and treatment of schizophrenia in a similar sample of 95 Nigerian and 76 British (western control) young people in their respective countries. Method: Participants completed a three-part questionnaire that was based on Furnham & Chan (2004) with additional questions. Results: Results revealed differences between the two groups regarding the `normality' of behaviours associated with schizophrenia. Other than hallucinations, all the behaviours described were considered to be manifestations of schizophrenia more so by the Nigerians than the British. The Nigerians were found not only to agree with supernatural explanations for causes of schizophrenia, as was predicted, but also favoured biological (genetics, neurochemical changes, and brain damage) and sociological explanations more so than the British. Both cultural groups favoured orthodox psychiatric practices and supportive environments as treatments for schizophrenia. However, unlike the British, the Nigerians also recognized religious and traditional practices as possible treatment options for schizophrenia. Conclusions: As predicted, young Nigerians, compared with young British participants, tended to believe more in supernatural and sociological causes of schizophrenia.
QoS Enhancements to BGP in Support of Multiple Classes of Service

The border gateway protocol (BGP) is the dominant inter-domain routing protocol in IP-based networks today. However, the requirements of emerging applications have exposed limitations in the current BGP protocol. In particular, future military IP networks, exemplified by the global information grid (GIG), will carry a diverse mix of applications with widely different quality of service (QoS) requirements. At the same time, the GIG includes a diverse set of component networks, such as tactical ad-hoc networks, with highly dynamic QoS characteristics. In this paper we investigate the problem of enhancing BGP to discover routing paths with QoS characteristics that match application requirements. We explore the requirements posed on multi-domain QoS routing protocols that provide multiple classes of service with multidimensional QoS requirements and present how these requirements map to BGP. We discuss enhancements to BGP that allow nodes to discover multiple paths with associated QoS attributes. In particular, we discuss a dominant path selection algorithm that allows nodes to discover the minimum set of paths needed to make QoS routing decisions. We present details of the proposed BGP changes and identify the modifications needed at each stage of the BGP path selection process. We implemented the proposed enhancements in the NS-2 simulator. Preliminary simulation results indicate the potential performance benefits of the introduced QoS enhancements to inter-domain routing
Evaluation of neural networks to identify types of activity using accelerometers.

PURPOSE To develop and evaluate two artificial neural network (ANN) models based on single-sensor accelerometer data and an ANN model based on the data of two accelerometers for the identification of types of physical activity in adults. METHODS Forty-nine subjects (21 men and 28 women; age range = 22-62 yr) performed a controlled sequence of activities: sitting, standing, using the stairs, and walking and cycling at two self-paced speeds. All subjects wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on the hip and the ankle. In the ANN models, the following accelerometer signal characteristics were used: 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles, absolute deviation, coefficient of variability, and lag-one autocorrelation. RESULTS The model based on the hip accelerometer data and the model based on the ankle accelerometer data correctly classified the five activities 80.4% and 77.7% of the time, respectively, whereas the model based on the data from both sensors achieved a percentage of 83.0%. The hip model produced a better classification of the activities cycling, using the stairs, and sitting, whereas the ankle model was better able to correctly classify the activities walking and standing still. All three models often misclassified using the stairs and standing still. The accuracy of the models significantly decreased when a distinction was made between regular versus brisk walking or cycling and between going up and going down the stairs. CONCLUSIONS Relatively simple ANN models perform well in identifying the type but not the speed of the activity of adults from accelerometer data.
Measurement of Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in the Pelvic Limb of Fetal Sheep

Abstract In order to determine blood flow and oxygen consumption in the pelvic limb of fetal sheep, we applied the Fick principle of measurement of oxygen consumption in seven paired experiments in seven fetal sheep under normal conditions and after treatment with pancuronium bromide. Catheterization procedures, which minimized interference with the study limb circulation, avoided changes of catheter tip position during fetal movements, and prevented collateral circulation to and from tissues not located in the pelvic limb, were utilized. Blood flow through the external iliac artery was measured by means of a transit time ultrasonic method. Six sample sets for oxygen content were drawn from the external iliac artery and vein during 45-min control period and repeated after neuromuscular blockade. Normal oxygen consumption under these experimental conditions was determined to be 20.7 ± 1.9 (mean ± SEM) μmole · min-1 · 100 g-1. Neuromuscular blockade caused oxygen consumption to decrease significantly (P < 0.01) by 12% to 18.1 ± 2.1 μmole · min-1 · 100 g-1 and decreased the average coefficient of variation from 15 to 8%. The data demonstrate that spontaneous skeletal muscle activity accounts for a significant amount of oxygen consumption, the level of which can vary widely over brief periods of time. These results suggest that such tissues with significant spontaneous changes in metabolic activity require repeated blood flow measurements with simultaneous determination of substrate arteriovenous differences to best describe metabolism under normal conditions.
Fish parasites as indicators of organic pollution in southern Brazil

Abstract Increasing urbanization along riverbanks is a constant source of stressors to the aquatic community, and the use of bioindicators is suitable to detect and monitor the effect of each stressor. We investigated the parasites of the ‘cará’ fish (Geophagus brasiliensis) as potential bioindicators in a river whose banks are subject to increasing anthropogenic pressure. Samples were taken at four points of the Sangradouro River, in Florianópolis, southern Brazil, bimonthly for 12 months. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and salinity were measured at each point and water samples were taken for nutrient analysis (total nitrogen, nitrite, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphate), and total and faecal coliforms. A generalized linear model (GLM) was constructed using the abundance of each parasite species as the response variable and biometric characteristic of the fish and water variables as possible predictors. Among the 137 fish examined, 114 (83.2%) were parasitized by at least one parasite species. Two species of ectoparasites (Sciadicleithrum guanduensis and Neascus-type metacercariae) and two species of endoparasites (Pandosentis aff. iracundus and Homalometron pseudopallidum) were observed. This is the first record of the genus Pandosentis in Brazilian waters and the first record of the species G. brasiliensis as a host for this parasite. Among the analysed groups of parasites, monogeneans and acanthocephalans proved to be the most sensitive to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, faecal coliforms and total ammonia nitrogen in the water. Our study suggests that the abundance of both monoxenic and heteroxenous parasites can be negatively affected by organic pollution in the aquatic environment, reinforcing the potential of fish parasites as indicators of water quality.