Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caloric restriction reverses hepatic insulin resistance in aging rats by decreasing visceral fat.

Hyperinsulinemia and increased visceral/abdominal fat (VF) are common features of human aging. To examine the relationships among VF, peripheral, and hepatic insulin sensitivity, we studied 4- and 18-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 42) fed ad libitum (4 AL and 18 AL) or moderately calorie restricted (18 CR) up to 18 mo of age. Total fat mass (FM) and VF were decreased in 18 CR to approximately one-third of that of 18 AL (P < 0.001), while lean body mass (LBM) was unchanged. Most important, 18 CR had more FM (65+/-6 vs. 45+/-6 g) but less VF (7.8+/-0.6 vs. 12.3+/-3.3 g) compared with 4 AL (P < 0.01 for both). Thus, the effects of variable VF on HIS could be assessed, independent of FM and age. Marked hepatic insulin resistance ensued with aging (18 AL) and CR restored hepatic insulin sensitivity to the levels of young rats, while peripheral insulin sensitivity remained unchanged (by insulin clamp of 18 mU/kg/min). In fact, the rates of insulin infusion required to maintain basal hepatic glucose production in the presence of pancreatic clamp were 0.75+/-0.10, 1.41+/-0.13, and 0.51+/-0.12 mU/kg . min, in 4 AL, 18 AL, and 18 CR, respectively (P < 0.01 between all groups), and in 18 CR rats infused with insulin at similar rates as in the 18 AL (1.4 mU/kg/min) hepatic glucose production was decreased by 32% (P < 0. 005). Furthermore, when 18 CR rats were fed AL for 14 d, VF rapidly and selectively increased and severe hepatic insulin resistance was induced. We propose that in this animal model the age-associated decrease in hepatic (rather than peripheral) insulin action is the major determinant of fasting hyperinsulinemia and that increased visceral adiposity plays the major role in inducing hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, interventions designed to prevent the accumulation of VF are likely to represent an effective mean to improve carbohydrate metabolism in aging.
Open and restricted hydrologies in Brent Group diagenesis: North Sea

Abstract Diagenetic cements in the mid Jurassic Brent Group sandstones of the North Sea have been studied in the Thistle, Murchison, Dunlin and Alwyn South (3/13a-1) oilfields. Volumetrically important cements start with early siderite, kaolinite and calcite, and continue to later kaolinite, ankerite, quartz and illite. The mineralogies of early siderites and calcites are homogeneous in formations with different depositional porewaters. Carbonate concretions nucleated on biotite grains, and their carbon supply was very local and facies controlled. Strontium was derived from dissolution of silicates and shell debris and 87Sr/86Sr rapidly became homogeneous in different formations. Oxygen was derived from meteoric water and was homogeneous throughout, even in marine deposits. These data suggest an open-flow system with uniform meteorically-derived pore fluids and local ion supply throughout the sandstones. Diagenetically later ankerite formed below 1.1 km and shows mineralogies which are less homogeneous, with 87Sr/86Sr variable. Cement ions could all have been very locally supplied from within the formation. Late kaolinite could also have been formed locally from feldspars within the formation. The exception to this was quartz cement, its large volumes indicating import across formations or from outside the Brent. Fluid inclusions in quartz show abnormally hot temperatures equating to 80–100°C at 2.2 km. These can be interpreted in two ways. First to indicate a large circulation of hot evolved meteoric water within the basin. This would have been induced by tensional fracturing of the crust related to the final phase of North Atlantic rupture in the Palaeocene and Eocene. However, fluid inclusion temperatures within quartz overgrowths show a systematic increase of temperature with present-day burial depth, suggesting that these temperature records could have been reset, and are now too hot. If these temperature data are rejected, a second interpretation is possible. The δ18O isotopic signatures show that late diagenetic silicates and carbonates could have grown in meteoric water, unmodified in its δ18O value, in a normal geothermal gradient. Illite grew in a slowly flowing fluid, which rapidly evolved to todays δ18O values, as individual groups of pores attempted to equilibrate with the rock around them Oil accumulation halted diagenesis and was permitted by buoyant trapping as this porewater system became stagnant.
Inability to validate an association between CD23 expression and site or grade of follicular lymphoma

tissue in various settings, with the foreign body type being the most common type of giant cell usually associated with foreign body or granulomatous inflammatory reactions. Fibroepithelial breast lesions and breast carcinomas associated with multinucleated stromal giant cells and osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) are also well documented. In situ breast carcinomas with multinucleated giant cells are extremely rare. Kirshnan and Longacre have reported a case of DCIS with OGCs without an invasive component in which giant cell formation was caused by peripheral monocyte recruitment and transformation into OGCs as a result of cytokine stimuli of tumour cells analogously to its invasive counterpart. In contrast, Coyne has described four cases of DCIS and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) with multinucleated tumour giant cells, in which occurrence of giant cells was probably the result of aneuploidy or polyploidy of tumour cells analogous to those more easily found malignant multinucleated cells in invasive carcinomas with tumour giant cells. In the case presented here the formation of foreign body giant cells was part of a morphological spectrum of extensive fibrous obliteration of in situ carcinoma, also known as the ‘healing’ phenomenon referred to by Muir and Aitkenhead. The cause of extensive periductal fibrosis with occasional ‘healing’ of carcinomatous foci is not clear and probably represents the host response to the tumour or its products. The finding of foreign body giant cells with intracytoplasmic debris in ‘healed’ ducts and their propagation to non-fibrotic neoplastic ducts are probably a secondary inflammatory phenomenon. When the tissue core biopsy is performed on a small target of in situ carcinoma, only ‘healing’ areas with no carcinomatous cells may be found. In such cases, the pathologists aware of this phenomenon should consider the possibility that the areas of high-grade in situ carcinoma may still exist in the breast tissue around fibrous foci.
Developmental tumors and adjacent cortical dysplasia: Single or dual pathology?

Developmental tumors often lead to refractory partial seizures and constitute a well‐defined, surgically remediable epilepsy syndrome. Dysplastic features are often associated with these tumors, and their significance carries both practical and conceptual relevance. If associated focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) relates to the extent of the epileptogenic tissue, then presurgical evaluation and surgical strategies should target both the tumor and the surrounding dyslaminated cortex. Furthermore, the association has been included in the recently revised classification of FCD and the epileptogenicity of this associated dysplastic tissue is crucial to validate such revision. In addition to the possibility of representing dual pathology, the association of developmental tumors and adjacent dysplasia may instead represent a single developmental lesion with distinct parts distributed along a histopathologic continuum. Moreover, the possibility that this adjacent dyslamination is of minor epileptogenic relevance should also be entertained. Surgical data show that complete resection of the solid tumors and immediately adjacent tissue harboring satellites may disrupt epileptogenic networks and lead to high rates of seizure freedom, challenging the epileptogenic relevance of more extensive adjacent dyslaminated cortex. Whether the latter is a primary or secondary abnormality and whether dyslaminated cortex in the context of a second lesion may produce seizures after complete resection of the main lesion is still to be proven.
Non-singular 3-DOF planar parallel manipulator with high orientational capability for a hybrid machine tool

Since almost all symmetric 3-DOF planar parallel manipulators have inherent singularities which limits the usable workspace, a 3-PPR planar parallel one in a non conventional architecture is developed in this paper for a hybrid machine tool. This architecture permits a large workspace with unlimited orientation capability and no singularities. It also has the advantage of being partially decoupled to independently control the actuators. The kinematics, singularities, orientation capability and workspace analyses of the developed manipulator are studied to verify those advantages. The kinematic and dynamic performances are investigated based on non-dimensional design parameters space. The local kinematic and dynamic dexterity indices are proven to be uniform within the constant orientation workspace. Simulation results are finally presented to verify a high dexterity non-singular planar parallel manipulator.
An explanation of enhanced radar backscattering from flooded forests

Abstract A simpie structural backscatter model for a forest stand, suitable for use with L-band HH polarized radar imagery, is used to explain the increased level of backscattering observed from flooded forests. Measurements made of relative levels of backscatter from SIR-B image data of a flooded Australian forest are consistent with an interpretation based upon scattering mechanisms involving both the tree components and the understorey or forest floor. The change in Fresnel power reflection coefficient of the ground with flooding is advanced as the cause of the enhancement in backscattered power levels.
Amnesiacs might get the gist: Reduced false recognition in amnesia may be the result of impaired item-specific memory

It is a common finding in tests of false recognition that amnesic patients recognize fewer related lures than healthy controls, and this has led to assumptions that gist memory is damaged in these patients (Schacter, Verfaellie, & Anes, 1997, Neuropsychology, 11; Schacter, Verfaellie, Anes, & Racine, 1998, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10; Schacter, Verfaellie, & Pradere, 1996, Journal of Memory and Language, 35). However, clinical observations find that amnesic patients typically hold meaningful conversations and make relevant remarks, and there is some experimental evidence highlighting preserved immediate recall of prose (Baddeley & Wilson, 2002, Neuropsychologia, 40; Gooding, Isaac, & Mayes, 2005, Neuropsychologia, 43; Rosenbaum, Gilboa, Levine, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2009, Neuropsychologia, 47), which suggests that amnesiacs can get the gist. The present experiment used false recognition paradigms to assess whether the reduced rate of false recognition found in amnesic patients may be a consequence of their impaired item-specific memory. It examined the effect of increasing the item-specific memory of amnesic patient DA by bringing her to criterion on relevant study-lists and compared her performance on a false recognition paradigm with a group of 32 healthy young adults. Results indicated that when DA’s item-specific memory was increased she was more able to gist and her performance was no different to the healthy young adults. Previous assumptions that gist memory is necessarily damaged in amnesia might therefore be revisited, since the reduced rate of false recognition could be caused by impaired item-specific memory. The experiment also highlights a positive relationship between item-specific and gist memory which has not previously been accounted for in false-recognition experiments.
Summer night‐time temperature trends on the Iberian Peninsula and their connection with large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns

The present paper studies the variability and trends of Tropical Nights (>20 °C) (TNs) on the Iberian Peninsula (IP) over the 1961–2007 period during the extended summer (defined as June, July, August, and September, JJAS). The analyses were performed with the mean series calculated for the whole IP and for different subregions. We conducted a regionalisation by means of a S‐Mode Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which identified three subregions where the variability of TNs behaves similarly: the Mediterranean (M) region, the centre‐north of the Peninsula (CN) region, and the Atlantic (A) region. Throughout the entire period, the mean summer TN series for the whole IP shows a significant increase; there are, however, some regional differences, as the CN and M regions present higher rates of warming than the A region. Using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) we detected the large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns controlling the interannual variability of TNs over the IP. The occurrence of TNs in the M and CN subregions is highly dependent on anticyclonic conditions over Western Europe in the mid‐troposphere level. The increase in the positive phase of this canonical mode during the last three decades might explain part of the positive trend of the TNs detected in summer on the IP. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Pdaeomagnetic survey of the (Palaeozoic) Shelve inlier and Berwyn Hills, Welsh Borderlands

Summary. This study completes palaeomagnetic coverage of Lower Palaeozoic igneous rocks within the Welsh Borderlands, and includes data' from Ordovician (Llanvirn and Caradoc) volcanics yielding positive fold tests and palaeomagnetic poles in agreement with other British Ordovician studies. A wide range of Late Ordovician-Lower Silurian (Llandovery) intrusions yield directions of magnetization unlike any previously identified from Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Britain, but highly stable to thermal and af demagnetization, and include a reversal of magnetization. The collective results define a large movement relative to the dipole axis over a period of less than 10 Ma between c.445 and 425 Ma; part of this movement can be explained in terms of complex rotations of the British region during late Ordovician and early Silurian tectonism within the paratectonic Caledonides.
Induced abortion as cancer risk factor: a review of epidemiological evidence.

The issue of the oncological implications of induced abortion is reviewed based on the limited literature available. 2 conflicting interpretations emerge in understanding the potential risk factors. One view is that any pregnancy interrupted or full term is protective or neutral. The other view is that sudden termination creates hormonal blows to the endocrine immunological neurological and other processes and there is incomplete growth of breast tissues. The statistical results have not been strong enough to determine the nature of the impact and are frequently biased by the attitude of the researcher. There is an apparent lack of information from populations like the USSR with a high induced abortion rate. Questions such as whether the effects during the reproductive years of induced abortion are the same before between or after live births and whether gestational age and type of termination technique influences cancer risk. Cervical and breast cancer relationships to induced abortion have been studied with conflicting results while the very few studies of ovarian and endometrial cancers indicate little or no effect from induced abortion. There is some evidence to suggest that there is a mildly significant relationship controlling for other reproductive factors between induced abortion before 1st full term pregnancy and breast cancers. In the USSR regional variation in induced abortion accounts more for cervical cancer than fertility rates.
Methionine hydroxy analog for lactating dairy cows.

Abstract Fourteen lactating Holstein cows were paired according to expected solids-corrected milk production and randomly assigned to Control or methionine hydroxy analog treatments. Hay, corn silage (treated with .5% urea) and pelleted concentrate (containing .5% urea), either with or without the analog (.357%), were fed. Treatment continued from 2 weeks prepartum to 24 weeks postpartum. During the sixth and tenth week postpartum six pairs of cows were subjected to digestibility and energy (indirect respiration calorimetry) and nitrogen balance trials. Cows supplemented with methionine hydroxy analog produced more milk fat (P
Lower crust and upper mantle electrical anisotropy in southeastern Australia

The dominant north–south strike of the Palaeozoic outcrop of central Victoria has been well documented, but to the north, these rocks are covered by the Cainozoic sedimentary deposits of the Murray Basin. Two magnetotelluric surveys were completed to assist in extrapolation of the known structure and to identify possible new targets for mineral discovery. Supporting the results from previous seismic interpretations for the region, the 2D MT inversion models substantiate an intrazone thrust fault system of listric geometries in the Bendigo Zone connected in the mid-crust. With the zone boundary clearly defined the electrical resistivity structure is distinct between the major subdivisions, indicating a different tectonic evolution for the Bendigo and Melbourne Zones. However, the conductive overburden in the region poses complications for the generation of the 2D resistivity models. Static shifts and electrical anisotropy were identified as distortions in the dataset, with further processing needed to attain a complete picture of the underlying geology. The difficulties caused by galvanic distortion were allayed by using the phase tensor response in place of the distorted amplitude response. Phase tensor analysis of MT data has been completed subsequently, the results of which we present here, along with the original 2D inversion models, confirming that electrical anisotropy persists into the mantle. In regions where conductive overburden dominates the near-surface, static shifts and electrical anisotropy can present significant complications for the generation of 2D magnetotelluric resistivity models. Affecting results collected in southeastern Australia, such difficulties caused by these galvanic distortions have thus been allayed through phase tensor analysis of the data.
Associations between Body Composition, Hormonal and Lifestyle Factors, Bone Turnover, and BMD

Background The relative importance of body composition, lifestyle factors, bone turnover and hormonal factors in determining bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown. We studied younger postmenopausal women to determine whether modifiable or nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis have stronger associations with BMD. Methods In multivariable linear regression models, we tested associations between non-bone body composition measures, self-reported measures of physical activity and dietary intake, urinary N-telopeptide (NTx), sex hormone concentrations, and BMD in 109 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 64 years, adjusting for current hormone therapy use and clinical risk factors for low BMD. Lean mass, fat mass and areal BMD (aBMD) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and distal radius were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Higher body weight and self-reported nonwhite race were independently associated with higher aBMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and distal radius. Lean and fat mass were not independently associated with aBMD. Older age and higher urinary NTx were independently associated with lower aBMD at the distal radius but not at weight-bearing sites. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated lack of an independent association between total daily protein or calorie intake and BMD. Conclusions BMD, weight and race were the most important determinants of aBMD at all sites. Older age and higher bone turnover were independently associated with lower aBMD at the distal radius. In a limited analysis, self-reported physical activity, dietary protein and calorie intake were not associated with aBMD after adjustment for the other variables.
Seismic depth imaging of a geothermal system in Southern Tuscany

This work represents a case study concerning the application of reflection seismic imaging methods in the context of geothermal exploration. Our goal is to obtain accurate structural images of a geothermal active area in southern Tuscany. These images will be required in subsequent studies as the input for geological model building and numerical simulation of the heat transport and fluid flow. The target region exhibits great geologic complexity, including strong velocity contrasts, lateral near‐surface inhomogeneities, fracture zones, and significant topography. Those features are typical for a volcanic hard‐rock environment and pose significant challenges to conventional seismic imaging methodology. Therefore, we apply a sophisticated and robust depth imaging workflow to previously acquired surface seismic data. Within our workflow, we focus on estimating the seismic velocities of the predominant rock units and subsequently carry out Kirchhoff pre‐stack depth migration and Fresnel volume migration to obtain high‐resolution images of the subsurface. Our results demonstrate that the applied methodology provides a valueable tool for imaging in a complex environment such as a volcano‐geothermal area. In detail, the resulting reflector images show the main horizons that delineate the Tuscan sedimentary rocks in the target region. The images from standard Kirchhoff migration can be significantly enhanced by utilizing Fresnel volume migration, which eliminates migration artefacts and provides a better result. Moreover, we obtain the migration velocities and depths for an important regional reflector, known as the K‐horizon, which is of major interest for geothermal characterization.
CMU at SemEval-2016 Task 8: Graph-based AMR Parsing with Infinite Ramp Loss

We present improvements to the JAMR parser as part of the SemEval 2016 Shared Task 8 on AMR parsing. The major contributions are: improved concept coverage using external resources and features, an improved aligner, and a novel loss function for structured prediction called inﬁnite ramp, which is a generalization of the structured SVM to problems with un-reachable training instances.
THROUGHFLOW, OVERLAND FLOW AND EROSION

Abstract The Horton (1945) infiltration model of surface runoff and erosion is shown to be of much more limited geomorphic application than has been recognised hitherto. It is most applicable to clay badlands with low infiltration capacities and little weathered cover, and is one end-member of a wide spectrum of erosion models. The other end-member applies to slopes with high infiltration capacities and thick soil covers where throughflow dominates, and overland flow, with its attendant channel initiation, only occurs in a few restricted areas. Throughflow is capable of producing peaks in some river hydrographs, as is demonstrated both by controlled field experiments (Whipkey, 1965) and, by inference, by the “partial area” concept of runoff (Betson, 1964; Tennessee Valley Authority, 1963, 1964 and 1966). Experimental results of Hewlett (1961; Hewlett and Hibbert, 1963) are shown to be consistent with infiltration theory (Philip, 1957–8), indicating different response of throughflow to rainfall in the unsa.