Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AND I WENT BACK

For battered women who participate in social and police services designed to help them, a dominant cultural script has emerged that directs them to get away and stay away from their abusers. Using in-depth interview and participant-observation data, the author examines the strategies battered women employ to resist that script. Staying with an abuser, ignoring and lifting restraining orders, and refusing to call and cooperate with police were active, reasoned choices battered women made in response to an array of conditions including fear of and harassment by abuser, complex everyday-life contingencies, and emotional attachment to abuser. The battered women tried to use the dominant cultural script to get away and stay away, but found that the script was overly narrow and there was a lack of coordinated institutional support for their decisions. This study extends sociological perspectives on battered women by viewing them as a culture of resistance and focusing on strategies they employ to assert control and make choices relevant to their needs and interests.
The Validity of the Employment Interview: A Meta‐Analysis

The interview is the most widely used personnel selection method, but has revealed low reliability and validity compared with other selection methods (Mayfield 1964; Ulrich and Trumbo 1965; Schmitt 1976; Arvey 1979). Thirty-one studies on the validity of the interview were meta-analyzed. The result was an average validity coefficient of . 27. The estimated true validity of the interview was calculated to be . 38. These values indicated that the interview has moderate validity as a personnel selection device. Six characteristics of the interview were also examined in relation to the validity of the interview: structure of the interview; number of interviewers; length of the interview; gender of the applicant pool; blue-collar/white-collar jobs; and use of college students versus job applicants. The six study characteristics accounted for 30.9% of the variance in the validity of the interview. Structure of the interview appeared to be the only characteristic that moderated the validity of the interview. The relationship of this study to other meta-analyses of the employment interview is discussed.
Safer sexual decision making in stable and casual relationships: A prototype approach

Abstract This paper aims at validating the relationship between the way people think about condom use in different types of sexual relationships and the safer sexual decisions they make in that kind of relationship. Based on prototypical features of relationships it was predicted that condom use would be more common in casual relationships whereas individuals in stable relationships would prefer to rely on their ability to select a safe partner. In two studies the predicted relationship between type of sexual relationship and safer or more risky sexual behaviour was validated. Data from the first study (N = 217) show that cognitive representations of both stable and casual sexual relationships arc organised around prototypical features, including types of safer sexual behaviour. In the second study (N = 448 sexual encounters) a link was found between the way people think about safer sex in stable and casual relationships as found in study 1, and the safer sexual decisions they make in that kind of relatio.
The association between heavy metals, endometriosis and uterine myomas among premenopausal women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002.

BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that exposure to exogenous estrogens may be associated with endometriosis and uterine myomas. We sought to investigate the association between heavy metals which have been shown to be hormonally active and these disorders using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. METHODS Women aged 20-49 years who had data on metals and the outcomes of interest, were premenopausal and neither pregnant nor breastfeeding were eligible (n = 1425). Lead, cadmium and mercury were measured in whole blood. Diagnosis of outcomes was based upon self-report. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between tertiles of heavy metals and disease adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, use of birth control pills prior to diagnosis and smoking status at diagnosis. RESULTS A dose-response association between cadmium and endometriosis was observed [tertile 2 versus 1: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73-5.18; tertile 3 versus 1: adjusted OR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.37-8.40]. This association persisted in subanalyses: (i) limiting analysis to women diagnosed in the past 10 years and (ii) limiting analysis to women diagnosed since last pregnancy, although limited by sample size. CONCLUSIONS These results must be interpreted with caution given the cross-sectional study design. The observed association between cadmium and endometriosis deserves further investigation in properly designed studies.
Effects of age-related gait changes on the biomechanics of slips and falls

A laboratory study was conducted to examine gait changes associated with aging and the effect of these changes on initiation of slips and frequency of falls utilizing newly defined biomechanical parameters of slips and falls. Twenty-eight participants from two age groups (young and old) walked around a circular track at a comfortable pace wearing a safety harness. A slippery floor surface was placed on the walking track over the force plate at random time intervals without the participants' awareness. Synchronized kinetic and kinematic measurements were obtained on both slippery and non-slippery walking surfaces. The results indicated that older participants' horizontal heel contact velocity was significantly faster, step length was significantly shorter, and transitional acceleration of the whole body centre-of-mass (COM) was significantly slower than younger participants. Older participants' initial friction demand, as measured by required coefficient of friction (RCOF), was not significantly different than their younger counterparts. Additionally, older participants slipped longer and faster, and fell more often than younger participants. A comparison of horizontal heel contact velocity for participants who fell with participants who did not fall indicated that, in general, fallers' horizontal heel contact velocity was faster than non-fallers. However, a comparison of RCOF for participants who fell with participants who did not fall suggested that RCOF was not a totally deterministic factor influencing actual fall events. These findings suggest that gait changes associated with aging (especially higher horizontal heel contact velocity and slower transition of the whole body COM) affect initiation of slip-induced falls.
Both Microtubules and Actin Filaments Are Required for Efficient Postendocytotic Traffic of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in Polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells*

It has been postulated that membrane traffic in polarized epithelial cells requires both actin filaments and microtubules. We have tested this hypothesis by analyzing the effect of cytochalasin D (cytoD; an actin-disrupting agent), by itself or in combination with nocodazole (a microtubule depolymerizing agent), on postendocytic traffic in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. CytoD treatment inhibited basolateral to apical transcytosis of IgA in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-expressing cells by approximately 45%, but had little effect on basolateral recycling of transferrin. Apical recycling of IgA was also inhibited by approximately 20%. Like nocodazole, cytoD acted at an early step in transcytosis, and inhibited translocation of IgA between the basolateral early endosomes and the apical recycling endosome. There was little inhibition of the subsequent release of IgA from the apical recycling endosome of cytoD- or nocodazole-treated cells. Order-of-addition experiments suggest that the cytoD-sensitive step preceded the nocodazole-sensitive step. Treatment with both cytoD and nocodazole inhibited transcytosis 95%. These results suggest that in addition to microtubules, efficient postendocytic traffic in polarized epithelial cells also requires actin filaments.
In Search of Critical Thinking in Psychology: An Exploration of Student and Lecturer Understandings in Higher Education

This qualitative study of understandings of critical thinking in higher education aimed to identify themes that could help to demystify critical thinking and inform its more explicit incorporation in the psychology curriculum. Data collected from focus groups with 26 undergraduate psychology students and individual semistructured interviews with 4 psychology lecturers were examined using thematic analysis. The same key themes were identified from both student and lecturer data: ‘vague beginnings’, ‘conceptualizations’, ‘development and transitions’, and ‘learning strategies’. Both students and lecturers described critical thinking as implicit knowledge that develops through social interactions. The findings indicate the importance of explicit discussion about critical thinking, and could be used to inform the design and delivery of instructional methods to promote critical thinking.
High Achievement on Advanced Placement Exams: The Relationship of School-Level Contextual Factors to Performance

The purpose of the study was to identify school- and district-level variables that relate to advanced academic achievement, as defined by the ratio of number of scores of 3, 4, or 5 on Advanced Placement exams to school enrollment. The study initially included 46 variables for 339 public high schools in one Midwestern state. Hierarchical linear regressions were applied to 14 and then 7 independent variables, explaining 80% of the variance in advanced academic achievement among high schools. Findings indicate that after accounting for seemingly fixed factors, schools and districts can still contribute significantly in the development of advanced academic achievement. Implications for educators and policy makers are discussed. Putting the Research to Use The percentage of minority students, percentage receiving free and reduced lunch, and the educational level of the community are common reasons given for explaining the lack of high achievement or the lack of advanced opportunities for the high-ability students in their schools. However, this study found that these fixed contextual variables, in general, do not limit the school from having a group of high performers among its students. The focus needs to be on what academic services and opportunities can be provided for high-ability students that will increase their academic preparation and therefore likelihood of graduating from college. Access to advanced courses is a factor within the control of school policy makers. The question to consider, then, is how might small schools with minimal resources offer these advanced courses for their high-ability students. One promising solution is to offer the AP courses through virtual means.
Neuroimaging of Human Memory Linking cognitive process to neural systems

1. Introduction PART I - SETTING THE STAGE 2. On how to reconcile mind and brain 3. Uncovering unobservable cognitive mechanisms: the contribution of methematical models PART II - LEARNING AND CONSOLIDATION 4. Reinforcement learning mechanisms in the human brain: insights from model-based MRI 5. Cognitive models in learning and reward processing 6. Neuroimaging and interactive memory systems 7. contributions of functional neuroimaging to theories of category learning 8. Declarative memory consolidation 9. Integrative commentary: on the intimate relationship between neurobiology and function in the theoretical analysis of human learning and memory PART III - WORKING MEMORY CONTROL PROCESSES AND STORAGE 10. Toward characterizing the neural correlates of component processes of cognition 11. The mid-ventrolateral frontal cortex and attentional control 12. mechanisms underlying the short-term retention of information 13. Interrelationships between working memory and long-term memory 14. Integrative commentary: Is there anything special about working memory? PART IV - LONG-TERM MEMORY REPRESENTATIONS 15. Retrieving pircutres from long-term memory 16. Where memories are stored disclosed how memories are formed: content specificity of long-term memory representations 17. Mulitvariate methods for tracking representations in the brain 18. Emotional influences on episodic memory 19. Integrative commentary: Developing theories that bridge brain and behavior - some thoughts of a cognitive psychologist PART V - CONTROL PROCESSES DURING ENCODING AND RETRIEVAL 20. Episodic memory storage and retrieval: insights from electrophysiological measures 21. Memory and awareness of remembering 22. Constraints from cognitive theories on neuroimaging studies of source memory 23. Oscillatory and hemodynamic medial temporal responses preceding stimulus onset modulate episodic memory 24. Integrative commentary: Functional neuroimaging and cognitive theory
Mining advertiser-specific user behavior using adfactors

Consider an online ad campaign run by an advertiser. The ad serving companies that handle such campaigns record users' behavior that leads to impressions of campaign ads, as well as users' responses to such impressions. This is summarized and reported to the advertisers to help them evaluate the performance of their campaigns and make better budget allocation decisions. The most popular reporting statistics are the click-through rate and the conversion rate. While these are indicative of the effectiveness of an ad campaign, the advertisers often seek to understand more sophisticated long-term effects of their ads on the brand awareness and the user behavior that leads to the conversion, thus creating a need for the reporting measures that can capture both the duration and the frequency of the pathways to user conversions. In this paper, we propose an alternative data mining framework for analyzing user-level advertising data. In the aggregation step, we compress individual user histories into a graph structure, called the adgraph, representing local correlations between ad events. For the reporting step, we introduce several scoring rules, called the adfactors (AF), that can capture global role of ads and ad paths in the adgraph, in particular, the structural correlation between an ad impression and the user conversion. We present scalable local algorithms for computing the adfactors; all algorithms were implemented using the MapReduce programming model and the Pregel framework. Using an anonymous user-level dataset of sponsored search campaigns for eight different advertisers, we evaluate our framework with different adgraphs and adfactors in terms of their statistical fit to the data, and show its value for mining the long-term behavioral patterns in the advertising data.
The First Time/Das Erstes Mal

Cross-national studies link mass media presentation of sexuality to different patterns of adolescent sexual socialization and conduct but have not analyzed media texts in detail. Using ethnographic content analysis, the author evaluates 76 stories about virginity loss—a key sexual transition—from one German and one U.S. teen magazine. Consistent with culture-specific approaches to teen sexuality, editors at both publications made similar recommendations for virginity loss, but German editors portrayed suggested practices as more appealing and feasible.
Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness for Predicting Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients with ST Segment Elevation and Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background. Arterial stiffness parameters in patients who experienced MACE after acute MI have not been studied sufficiently. We investigated arterial stiffness parameters in patients with ST segment elevation (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Methods. Ninety-four patients with acute MI (45 STEMI and 49 NSTEMI) were included in the study. Arterial stiffness was assessed noninvasively by using TensioMed Arteriograph. Results. Arterial stiffness parameters were found to be higher in NSTEMI group but did not achieve statistical significance apart from pulse pressure (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference at MACE rates between two groups. Pulse pressure and heart rate were also significantly higher in MACE observed group. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic augmentation index (AI), systolic area index (SAI), heart rate, and pulse pressure were higher; ejection fraction, the return time (RT), diastolic reflex area (DRA), and diastolic area index (DAI) were significantly lower in patients with major cardiovascular events. However, PWV, heart rate, and ejection fraction were independent indicators at development of MACE. Conclusions. Parameters of arterial stiffness and MACE rates were similar in patients with STEMI and NSTEMI in one year followup. The independent prognostic indicator aortic PWV may be an easy and reliable method for determining the risk of future events in patients hospitalized with acute MI.
Multicentre 12-week double-blind comparison of doxazosin, prazosin and placebo in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

A 12-week double-blind study was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of doxazosin, prazosin and placebo in 172 patients with essential hypertension. According to response, patients received doxazosin 1-16 mg once daily, prazosin 0.5-10 mg twice daily, or placebo. Mean final daily doses were doxazosin 11.3 mg and prazosin 13.8 mg. Doxazosin once daily and prazosin twice daily both produced statistically significant reductions in both standing and supine blood pressures when compared with placebo. No significant differences between treatments were recorded for standing and supine heart rates. Doxazosin, prazosin and placebo all had a similar effect on plasma lipid profiles, i.e. an increase in HDL/total cholesterol of approximately 10%. The differences between treatments were not statistically significant. The HDL/total cholesterol ratio significantly increased from baseline to the end of treatment for all three groups, the decrease in triglycerides being statistically significant only in the doxazosin-treated group.
Cardioprotective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Apoptotic Myocardial Cell Death by Regulation of Bcl-2 Gene Expression

Objectives: To investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on apoptotic myocardial cell death in rat model of heart ischemia and reperfusion I/R injury. Materials and Methods: Eighteen rats (200–250 g) were divided into three groups of 6 rats in each. Group I (sham-operated control group): this is the control group. The animals received the surgical procedure without IR injury or any drug treatment. Group II (I/R group): ischemia was accomplished by the occlusion of coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 45 min and Group-III (Coenzyme Q10treated group): Treated with CoQ10at a dose of 1 mg/kg, postoperative for 7 days before induction of IR injury. Results: The study revealed that pretreatment with CoQ10has shown protective effect on apoptotic rat heart and agreed with earlier reports that CoQ10significantly protects from oxidative stress and cytopathological changes caused by cardiac ischemia followed by reperfusion and attenuated decrease of antioxidant enzymes. Nitric oxide production in the heart of ischemic rats was significantly increased by the pretreatment with CoQ10in comparison with IR group. Conclusions: CoQ10protects against cardiac apoptosis induced by IR injury by significantly decreasing the apoptotic DNA and regulating the expression of Bcl-2 gene.
Neonatal Maternal Separation Causes Colonic Dysfunction in Rat Pups Including Impaired Host Resistance

Previous studies have shown that early life stress in the form of intermittent maternal separation (MS) predisposes adult rats to develop stress-induced intestinal mucosal dysfunction and visceral hypersensitivity. However, the mechanism involved in the functional abnormalities is unclear. Our aim was to study immature animals during or shortly after exposure to MS to determine whether there are early pathophysiological changes in the gut. Sprague-Dawley rat pups were individually separated from the dam for 3 h/d from 4 to 21 d of age; nonseparated (NS) control pups remained in the home cage with the dam. On d 19–20, d 24–25, and d 29–30, blood was collected for corticosterone measurement, and colonic tissues were removed for functional and morphologic assessment. Corticosteroid levels were elevated in MS pups compared with NS, indicating that MS was indeed stressful. The distal colon demonstrated significantly enhanced ion secretion and macromolecular permeability at d 19–20 and d 24–25, returning to normal by d 29–30. Electron microscopy and bacterial culture studies indicated bacteria adhering to and penetrating into the colonic epithelium of the MS pups at all time points, while such events were rare in NS pups. The pathophysiological changes were inhibited by injecting pups sc with a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor antagonist daily during MS. Our studies indicate that early psychological trauma predisposes neonatal rats to develop persistent mucosal barrier dysfunction, including impaired host defense to luminal bacteria, by a mechanism involving peripheral CRH receptors.
Picking Pesky Parameters: Optimizing Regular Expression Matching in Practice

Network security systems inspect packet payloads for signatures of attacks. These systems use regular expression matching at their core. Many techniques for implementing regular expression matching at line rate have been proposed. Solutions differ in the type of automaton used (i.e., deterministic versus non-deterministic) and in the configuration of implementation-specific parameters. While each solution has been shown to perform well on specific rule sets and traffic patterns, there has been no systematic comparison across a large set of solutions, rule sets and traffic patterns. Thus, it is extremely challenging for a practitioner to make an informed decision within the plethora of existing algorithmic and architectural proposals. Moreover, as multi-core processors are becoming popular, many parameters need to be tuned to maximize the multi-core potential. To address this problem, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a broad set of regular expression matching techniques. We consider both algorithmic and architectural aspects. Specifically, we explore the performance, area requirements, and power consumption of implementations targeting multi-core processors and FPGAs using rule sets of practical size and complexity. We present detailed performance results and specific guidelines for determining optimal configurations based on a simple evaluation of the rule set. These guidelines can help significantly when implementing regular expression matching systems in practice.