Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Off-Fault Secondary Failure Induced by a Dynamic Slip Pulse

We develop a 2D slip-weakening description of a self-healing slip pulse that propagates dynamically in a steady-state configuration. The model is used to estimate patterns of off-fault secondary failure induced by the rupture, and also to infer fracture energies G for large earthquakes. This extends an analysis for a semi-infinite rupture (Poliakov et al. , 2002) to the case of a finite slipping zone length L of the pulse. The dynamic stress drop, when divided by the drop from peak to residual strength, determines the ratio of L to the slip-weakening zone length R . Predicted off-fault damage is controlled by that scaled stress drop, static and dynamic friction coefficients, rupture velocity, principal prestress orientation, and poroelastic Skempton coefficient. All damage zone lengths can be scaled by ! [Graphic][1] , which is proportional G /(strength drop)2 and is the value of R in the low-rupture-velocity, low-stress-drop, limit. In contrast to the Poliakov et al. (2002) case R / L = 0, the region that supports Coulomb failure reaches a maximum size on the order of ! [Graphic][2] when mode II rupture speed approaches the Rayleigh speed. Analysis of slip pulses documented by Heaton (1990) leads to estimates of G , each with a factor-of-two model uncertainty, from 0.1 to 9 MJ/m2 (including the factor), averaging 2–4 MJ/m2; G tends to increase with the amount of slip in the event. In most cases, secondary faulting should extend, at high rupture speeds, to distances from the principal fault surface on the order of 1 to 2 ! [Graphic][3] ≈ 1–80 m for a 100-MPa strength drop; that distance should vary with depth, being larger near the surface. We also discuss gouge and damage processes. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Group Dynamics and Emotional Expression: The Perception of Crying in Women and Men: Angry Tears, Sad Tears, and the “Right Way” to Cry

Authors' Note Portions of this chapter were presented in a poster at the meeting of the International Society for Research on Emotions in Cuenca, Spain, in July 2002. We thank Randy Cornelius, Ursula Hess, and Pierre Philippot for their valuable comments on the manuscript. We also thank the undergraduate research assistants involved in collecting data: Susie Balazik, Maegan Dillman, Traci Lynn Frye, Lauren Kleha, and Dan Petrosky. We are grateful to Alice Eagly for providing access to her data on national stereotypes. Correspondence regarding this chapter should be addressed to Leah R. Warner, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. Email: lrw138@psu.edu. Cell phones. You never know what news a call might bring. And in a public place it can be difficult to get a handle on the roller-coaster of emotions that ensues. Chris is upset. News of the divorce is surprising, yet not totally unexpected. Making matters worse, the phone call comes at a restaurant while Chris sits with friends at the table, surrounded by a roomful of strangers. The news is too much. And then it happens – along with the growing anger, tears well up in Chris's eyes. Adults' tears can be powerful elicitors of concern and sympathy. Tears can also elicit scorn or suspicion regarding the crying person's motives. Crying prompts others to pay attention, which makes tears a powerful form of persuasion.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.net Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-susceptible and Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Food Handlers in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and genetic background of methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained from healthy food handlers admitted to the Cantonal Public Methods: S. aureus were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods including coagulase and catalase tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method was performed according to the CLSI guidelines. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene by PCR. The genetic characterization was performed using spa-typing and BURP algorithm. Results: A total of 189 non-duplicated S. aureus isolates were collected from 13 690 nasal swabs (1.4%), of which three were MRSA (1.6%). Among 173 MSSA analyzed, 66 spa types were clustered into nine spa-CCs, four no founders, and singletons. The MSSA spa-CC015 associated with MLST CC45 was predominant, having 41 (24%) strains. All three MRSA were associated with MLST 152 (spa-CC 355/595) which was not found in MSSA isolates. MRSA-related background had 60% MSSA isolates. There were 127 (71%) MSSA and one MRSA sensitive to all antibiotic tested (the beta-lactam compounds excepted); multi-drug resistance was found in 13 (7.3%) of MSSA. Conclusion: Very low prevalence of S. aureus, as well as MRSA was noted. MSSA were more heterogeneous than MRSA. Although the number of MSSA with a genetic background common to MRSA clones was high, the prevalence of MRSA was low, and MLST CC152 of MRSA was not found among MSSA isolates suggesting that MRSA did not arise from predominant MSSA clones.
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen in the diagnosis and treatment follow‐up of oral and facial squamous cell carcinoma

The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen was determined by radioimmunoassay in the serum of 40 untreated patients with SCC of the oromaxillofacial region. The mean (± SEM) serum concentration for these patients (3.8 ± 0.8 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of 52 disease‐free patients coming to routine postoperative care (1.2 ± 0.1 ng/ml) and of 74 healthy controls (1.1 ± 0.07 ng/ml). Using an arbitrary limit of 2.2 ng/ml, pathologic serum levels of SCC were observed in 15 (38%) of 40 untreated patients, whereas only four (7.7%) of 52 tumor‐free patients revealed an elevated serum SCC. Serial measurements of SCC were pretherapeutically available in 28 patients as well as during individual therapy and further follow‐up. All but one of these patients had a normal serum SCC postoperatively. The authors' results demonstrate that the clinical value of SCC lies mainly in monitoring the course of the disease. Careful follow‐up studies should be undertaken to determine whether serial determination of SCC is promising in early prediction of tumor reoccurrence.
An overflow loss network model for capacity planning of a perinatal network

Summary. A model framework is developed to solve capacity planning problems that are faced by many perinatal networks in the UK. We propose a loss network model with overflow based on a continuous time Markov chain for a perinatal network with specific application to a network in London. We derive the steady state expressions for overflow and rejection probabilities for each neonatal unit of the network on the basis of a decomposition approach. Results obtained from the model are very close to observed values. Using the model, decisions on numbers of cots can be made for specific levels of admission acceptance probabilities for each level of care at each neonatal unit of the network and specific levels of overflow to temporary care.
The College Persistence Questionnaire: Developing Scales to Assess Student Retention and Institutional Effectiveness

The current study extends previous research using the College Persistence Questionnaire (CPQ), an instrument designed to predict whether college freshman return for their sophomore years (Davidson, Beck, & Milligan, 2009). Between 6 to 12 weeks into their first semester, participants from three southeastern colleges and universities took the Student Experience Form of the questionnaire online. A principal component analysis was performed to determine if the Student Experience Form of the CPQ could be enhanced by a set of test questions. Two binary logistic regressions established the predictive validity of the CPQ and revealed that the additional items improved the utility of the instrument. The three most salient predictors of return status were Institutional Commitment, Academic Integration, and Scholastic Conscientiousness. A second principal component analysis used a majority of the same items and yielded an Institutional Effectiveness scale that could be used to assess a variety of campus objectives.
An Investigation of Leadership Styles and Psychological Contracts.

This study was conducted to determine whether a statistically significant relationship exists between the leadership styles of managers and employee psychological contracts, as perceived by the employees. The findings indicated that the employees’ perception of leadership style significantly affected satisfaction levels of employee psychological contract. It is worthy to note that initiating leadership behavior was found to be related most positively to employee psychological contract, even though the managers demonstrated little consideration to the employees.
Hepatoprotective effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha/delta agonist, GFT505, in rodent models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. To date, no pharmacological treatment is approved for NAFLD/NASH. Here, we report on preclinical and clinical data with GFT505, a novel dual peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha/delta (PPAR‐α/δ) agonist. In the rat, GFT505 concentrated in the liver with limited extrahepatic exposure and underwent extensive enterohepatic cycling. The efficacy of GFT505 was assessed in animal models of NAFLD/NASH and liver fibrosis (Western diet [WD]‐fed human apolipoprotein E2 [hApoE2] transgenic mice, methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet‐fed db/db mice, and CCl4‐induced fibrosis in rats). GFT505 demonstrated liver‐protective effects on steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In addition, GFT505 improved liver dysfunction markers, decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, and inhibited proinflammatory (interleukin‐1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and F4/80) and profibrotic (transforming growth factor beta, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, collagen type I, alpha 1, and collagen type I, alpha 2) gene expression. To determine the role of PPAR‐α‐independent mechanisms, the effect of GFT505 was assessed in hApoE2 knock‐in/PPAR‐α knockout mice. In these mice, GFT505 also prevented WD‐induced liver steatosis and inflammation, indicating a contribution of PPAR‐α‐independent mechanisms. Finally, the effect of GFT505 on liver dysfunction markers was assessed in a combined analysis of four phase II clinical studies in metabolic syndrome patients. GFT505 treatment decreased plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: The dual PPAR‐α/δ agonist, GFT505, is a promising liver‐targeted drug for treatment of NAFLD/NASH. In animals, its protective effects are mediated by both PPAR‐α‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. (Hepatology 2013; 58:1941–1952)
Induction of Unconventional T Cells by a Mutant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain Formulated in Cationic Liposomes Correlates with Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections of Immunocompromised Mice

ABSTRACT Earlier studies aimed at defining protective immunity induced by Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunization have largely focused on the induction of antituberculosis CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Here we describe a vaccine consisting of a BCGΔmmaA4 deletion mutant formulated in dimethyl dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDA) with d-(+)-trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate (TDB) (DDA/TDB) adjuvant (A4/Adj) that protected TCRδ−/− mice depleted of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ T cells against an aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis. These mice were significantly protected relative to mice immunized with a nonadjuvanted BCGΔmmaA4 (BCG-A4) mutant and nonvaccinated controls at 2 months and 9 months postvaccination. In the absence of all T cells following treatment with anti-Thy1.2 antibody, the immunized mice lost the ability to control the infection. These results indicate that an unconventional T cell population was mediating protection in the absence of CD4+, CD8+, NK1.1+, and TCRγδ T cells and could exhibit memory. Focusing on CD4− CD8− double-negative (DN) T cells, we found that these cells accumulated in the lungs postchallenge significantly more in A4/Adj-immunized mice and induced significantly greater frequencies of pulmonary gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells than were seen in the nonvaccinated or nonadjuvanted BCG control groups. Moreover, pulmonary DN T cells from the A4/Adj group exhibited significantly higher IFN-γ integrated median fluorescence intensity (iMFI) values than were seen in the control groups. We also showed that enriched DN T cells from mice immunized with A4/Adj could control mycobacterial growth in vitro significantly better than naive whole-spleen cells. These results suggest that formulating BCG in DDA/TDB adjuvant confers superior protection in immunocompromised mice and likely involves the induction of long-lived memory DN T cells.
Whistling Vivaldi: And Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us

Acclaimed social psychologist Claude M. Steele offers an insider's look at his groundbreaking findings on stereotypes and identity. Through dramatic personal stories, he shares the experiments and studies that show, again and again, that exposing subjects to stereotypes - merely reminding a group of female maths students about to take a test, for example, that women are considered naturally inferior to men at maths - impairs their performance in the area affected by the stereotype. Steele's conclusions shed new light on a host of social phenomena, from the racial and gender gaps in standardized test scores to the belief in the superior athletic prowess of black men. "Whistling Vivaldi" offers insights into how we form our senses of identity and lays out a plan for mitigating the negative effects of 'stereotype threat' and reshaping our identities.
Q141K polymorphism of ABCG2 protein is associated with poor prognosis in adult acute myeloid leukemia treated with idarubicin-based chemotherapy

Over-expression of multidrug resistance protein ABCG2 has been associated to chemotherapy failure in solid and hematologic tumors. [1][1]–[3][2] More than 40 ‘synonymous’ and ‘non-synonymous’ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCG2 have been identified. [4][3] Among them, the 421C>A
Cynical and Engaged

This study investigates the effects of exposure to strategic news coverage on political cynicism and campaign evaluations using a nationally representative two-wave panel study and a content analysis of the national news media coverage of the 2000 Danish referendum campaign on the introduction of the euro. The study shows (a) voters were generally cynical about the referendum campaign, (b) the level of political cynicism and negativity about the campaign increased during the campaign, and (c) exposure to news that reported about the campaign in terms of strategy contributed to an increase in political cynicism and negative campaign evaluations. Turnout, however, remained high, suggesting that strategic news coverage and political cynicism in the campaign did not diminish mobilization. The study suggests that the conclusions of previous research about the link between news, cynicism, and participation in U.S. elections need to be modified when other national and electoral contexts are considered.
Magnetocaloric Effect and Magnetoresistance Due to Itinerant Electron Metamagnetic Transition in  ${\rm Co}({\rm S}_{1-x}{\rm Se}_{x})_{2}$

The Co(S<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub> compounds with the cubic Pyrite structure show itinerant electron metamagnetism for 0.12 ≤ x. We studied the magnetocaloric effect and magnetoresistance (MR) of this system. It was found that a substantial magnetic entropy change was obtained for Co(S<sub>0.88</sub>Se<sub>0.12</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, which has a paramagnetic ground state. We observed giant positive MR associated with the itinerant electron metamagnetic transition for Co(S<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. The magnitude of the MR jump is independent of temperature and concentration for 0.13 ≤ x ≤ 0.15. These results are discussed in terms of a simple band structure of CoS<sub>2</sub>, in which high-spin polarization is realized in a ferromagnetic state.
Use of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) to identify behaviours associated with appropriate gestational weight gain during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) assesses physical activity practices of pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to identify specific pregnancy practices that were associated with a healthy gestational weight gain (GWG). METHODS Associations between PPAQ scores, pedometer steps, energy intakes (EI), energy expenditures (EE), and rate of GWG were assessed for 61 pregnant women in their second or third trimester during a home visit. Principle component analyses (PCA) were used to cluster PPAQ questions into FACTORS associated with either rate or total GWG, physical activity (PA), EE, EI, and parity. RESULTS PCA identified 3 FACTORS: Factor 1 associated EE with parity and child care; Factor 2 clustered several structured exercise activities; and Factor 3 grouped walking, playing with pets, and shopping with pedometer steps. Only Factor 3 clustered steps with weekly rate of GWG. EI was not associated with PA or GWG. CONCLUSIONS PCA analysis identified 15 of 32 PPAQ questions that were related to increased physical activity in pregnant women, but only walking and pedometer steps were associated with GWG. Our analysis supports daily walking as the preferred PA for achieving a healthy rate of GWG.
Association of Moderate Coffee Intake with Self-Reported Diabetes among Urban Brazilians

Coffee has been associated with reductions in the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD), including diabetes mellitus. Because differences in food habits are recognizable modifying factors in the epidemiology of diabetes, we studied the association of coffee consumption with type-2 diabetes in a sample of the adult population of the Federal District, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted by telephone interview (n = 1,440). A multivariate analysis was run controlling for socio-behavioural variables, obesity and family antecedents of NCCD. A hierarchical linear regression model and a Poisson regression were used to verify association of type-2 diabetes and coffee intake. The independent variables which remained in the final model, following the hierarchical inclusion levels, were: first level—age and marital status; second level—diabetes and dyslipidaemias in antecedents; third level—cigarette smoking, supplement intake, body mass index; and fourth level—coffee intake (≤100 mL/d, 101 to 400 mL/day, and >400 mL/day). After adjusting hierarchically for the confounding variables, consumers of 100 to 400 mL of coffee/day had a 2.7% higher (p = 0.04) prevalence of not having diabetes than those who drank less than 100 mL of coffee/day. Compared to coffee intake of ≤100 mL/day, adults consuming >400 mL of coffee/day showed no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes. Thus, moderate coffee intake is favourably associated with self-reported type-2 diabetes in the studied population. This is the first study to show a relationship between coffee drinking and diabetes in a Brazilian population.
A Study of English Learning Motivation of Less Successful Students

According to the motivation theory of Gardner and Tremblay, a lot of empirical researches have proven that motivation plays a driving force to enhance the foreign language learning while not much research have been done on less successful students, who most probably may not be equally motivated as those who are successful. Based on the theories on learning motivation and the actual situation of the less successful students, the author intends to explore the types of motivation and the correlation between the types of motivation and their performance. The study investigates 207 unsuccessful students through a questionnaire and 20 of them are selected randomly to be interviewed. With the help of the software SPSS, the data was analyzed by the statistical analyses of factor analysis (principal component analysis with varimax rotation), descriptive statistics analysis and correlation analysis. The results suggest there are nine motivation types, in which instrumental motivation affects the students the most and the intrinsic motivation the least. There is a significant correlation between language value and achievement. Therefore, effective teaching methods and measures are given on how to stimulate the learning motivation, which will stimulate students to improve academic performance in English learning and achieve the best result.
Do individual emotion and corporative environment influence technology transfer in Taiwan technology industry?

This study aims to discuss the effects of individual emotion and corporative environment on technology transfer, and explores corporative environment moderating effects between emotion and technology transfer. Corporative environment includes interpersonal relationship and social relationship; technology transfer includes explorative organizational learning and knowledge sharing. To predict individual- and company-level simultaneously on technology transfer, hierarchical liner model (HLM) is performed. This study investigates 194 workers and 43 technology companies. The result shows emotion and social relationship were significantly related to technology transfer, and interpersonal relationship was positive moderating effect in the relation between emotion and technology transfer, but social relationship was not. The major limitations of this study included that workers in technology companies have heavy workload, so they do not have enough time to response the questionnaire, and obtaining questionnaires was not easy, so self-selection may be generated. The limitations hope to be solved in future studies.
Membrane fission by dynamin: what we know and what we need to know

The large GTPase dynamin is the first protein shown to catalyze membrane fission. Dynamin and its related proteins are essential to many cell functions, from endocytosis to organelle division and fusion, and it plays a critical role in many physiological functions such as synaptic transmission and muscle contraction. Research of the past three decades has focused on understanding how dynamin works. In this review, we present the basis for an emerging consensus on how dynamin functions. Three properties of dynamin are strongly supported by experimental data: first, dynamin oligomerizes into a helical polymer; second, dynamin oligomer constricts in the presence of GTP; and third, dynamin catalyzes membrane fission upon GTP hydrolysis. We present the two current models for fission, essentially diverging in how GTP energy is spent. We further discuss how future research might solve the remaining open questions presently under discussion.
Effects of Cooperative Learning on Motivation, Learning Strategy Utilization, and Grammar Achievement of English Language Learners in Taiwan

xx CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Theoretical Framework 1 Purpose of the Study 3 Research Questions 4 Significance of the Study 5 Definition of Terms 6 Organization of the Study 12 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 14 Theoretical Underpinnings of Cooperative Learning 14 Motivational Theories 14 Expectancy-Value Theories 15 Attribution Theory 15 Self-Efficacy Theory 16 Self-Worth Theory 17 Model of Task Values 18 Goal Setting Theory 19 Self-Determination Theory 20 Summary on Motivational Theories 23 Social Cognitive Theories 25 Vygotsky 26 Piaget 27 Dewey 29 Bruner 31 Bandura 31 Summary on Social Cognitive Theories 33 The Essence of Cooperative Learning 34 Heterogeneous Grouping 36 Positive Interdependence 36 Outcome Interdependence 36