Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety of Outpatient Closed-Loop Control: First Randomized Crossover Trials of a Wearable Artificial Pancreas

OBJECTIVE We estimate the effect size of hypoglycemia risk reduction on closed-loop control (CLC) versus open-loop (OL) sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in supervised outpatient setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty patients with type 1 diabetes initiated the study at the Universities of Virginia, Padova, and Montpellier and Sansum Diabetes Research Institute; 18 completed the entire protocol. Each patient participated in two 40-h outpatient sessions, CLC versus OL, in randomized order. Sensor (Dexcom G4) and insulin pump (Tandem t:slim) were connected to Diabetes Assistant (DiAs)—a smartphone artificial pancreas platform. The patient operated the system through the DiAs user interface during both CLC and OL; study personnel supervised on site and monitored DiAs remotely. There were no dietary restrictions; 45-min walks in town and restaurant dinners were included in both CLC and OL; alcohol was permitted. RESULTS The primary outcome—reduction in risk for hypoglycemia as measured by the low blood glucose (BG) index (LGBI)—resulted in an effect size of 0.64, P = 0.003, with a twofold reduction of hypoglycemia requiring carbohydrate treatment: 1.2 vs. 2.4 episodes/session on CLC versus OL (P = 0.02). This was accompanied by a slight decrease in percentage of time in the target range of 3.9–10 mmol/L (66.1 vs. 70.7%) and increase in mean BG (8.9 vs. 8.4 mmol/L; P = 0.04) on CLC versus OL. CONCLUSIONS CLC running on a smartphone (DiAs) in outpatient conditions reduced hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia treatments when compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy. This was accompanied by marginal increase in average glycemia resulting from a possible overemphasis on hypoglycemia safety.
Existence and non-existence results for fully nonlinear elliptic systems

We study systems of two elliptic equations, with right-hand sides with general power-like superlinear growth, and left-hand sides which are of Isaac's or Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman type (however our results are new even for linear left-hand sides). We show that, under appropriate growth conditions, such systems have positive solutions in bounded domains, and that all such solutions are bounded in the uniform norm. We also get nonexistence results in unbounded domains.
Revealing middlebox interference with tracebox

Middleboxes such as firewalls, NAT, proxies, or Deep Packet Inspection play an increasingly important role in various types of IP networks, including enterprise and cellular networks. Recent studies have shed the light on their impact on real traffic and the complexity of managing them. Network operators and researchers have few tools to understand the impact of those boxes on any path. In this paper, we propose tracebox, an extension to the widely used traceroute tool, that is capable of detecting various types of middlebox interference over almost any path. tracebox sends IP packets containing TCP segments with different TTL values and analyses the packet encapsulated in the returned ICMP messages. Further, as recent routers quote, in the ICMP message, the entire IP packet that they received, tracebox is able to detect any modification performed by upstream middleboxes. In addition, tracebox can often pinpoint the network hop where the middlebox interference occurs. We evaluate tracebox with measurements performed on PlanetLab nodes. Our analysis reveals various types of middleboxes that were not expected on such an experimental testbed supposed to be connected to the Internet without any restriction.
Genetic Architecture and Functional Characterization of Genes Underlying the Rapid Diversification of Male External Genitalia Between Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana

Male sexual characters are often among the first traits to diverge between closely related species and identifying the genetic basis of such changes can contribute to our understanding of their evolutionary history. However, little is known about the genetic architecture or the specific genes underlying the evolution of male genitalia. The morphology of the claspers, posterior lobes, and anal plates exhibit striking differences between Drosophila mauritiana and D. simulans. Using QTL and introgression-based high-resolution mapping, we identified several small regions on chromosome arms 3L and 3R that contribute to differences in these traits. However, we found that the loci underlying the evolution of clasper differences between these two species are independent from those that contribute to posterior lobe and anal plate divergence. Furthermore, while most of the loci affect each trait in the same direction and act additively, we also found evidence for epistasis between loci for clasper bristle number. In addition, we conducted an RNAi screen in D. melanogaster to investigate if positional and expression candidate genes located on chromosome 3L, are also involved in genital development. We found that six of these genes, including components of Wnt signaling and male-specific lethal 3 (msl3), regulate the development of genital traits consistent with the effects of the introgressed regions where they are located and that thus represent promising candidate genes for the evolution these traits.
Verification and Validation of Agent-based Scientific Simulation Models

Most of the existing model verification and validation techniques are largely used in the industrial and system engineering fields. The agent-based modeling approach is different from traditional equation-based modeling approach in many aspects. As the agent-based modeling approach has recently become an attractive and efficient way for modeling large-scale complex systems, there are few formalized validation methodologies existing for model validation. In our proposed work, we design, develop, adapt, and apply various verification and validation techniques to an agent-based scientific model and investigate the sufficiency of these techniques for the validation of agent-based models.
Can Pediatric Anesthesiologists Detect an Occluded Tracheal Tube in Neonates?

To determine whether pediatric anesthesiologists can reliably detect occluded tracheal tubes, 18 pediatric anesthesiologists who were blindfolded and fitted with earplugs manually ventilated the lungs of 16 neonates. Consent was obtained from the parents of the neonates. All auditory signals from the monitors were silenced. Six conditions were studied (for 3 min each) in random order: three models of Ayre’s t-piece with the Jackson Rees modification and two fresh gas flows (FGF) (2 and 6 L/min). During each condition, the tracheal tube was clamped at five predetermined but randomized times. The volume/pressure relationships of the three t-piece models were determined. Tube occlusions were detected more frequently at a low FGF (82%) than at a high FGF (64%) (P < 0.001). Experienced anesthesiologists (>8 yr experience) detected occlusions (83%) more frequently than less experienced (<2 yr experience) anesthesiologists (63%) (P < 0.027). There was no interaction between FGF and experience. The type of circuit did not affect the detection rate. We conclude that during isolated hand ventilation with the t-piece, pediatric anesthesiologists can detect >80% of occluded tubes provided they use a low FGF or have >8 yr experience, but only 60% of occluded tubes at high FGF or if they have <2 yr experience.
Allometric Scaling of Wingate Anaerobic Power Test Scores in Men

Abstract Stickley, CD, Hetzler, RK, Wages, JJ, Freemyer, BG, and Kimura, IF. Allometric scaling of Wingate anaerobic power test scores in men. J Strength Cond Res 27(9): 2603–2611, 2013—This study examined the appropriate magnitude of allometric scaling of the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) power data for body mass (BM) and established normative data for the WAnT for adult men. Eighty-three men completed a standard WAnT using 0.1 kg·kg−1 BM resistance. Allometric exponents and percentile ranks for 1-second peak power (PP), 5-second PP, and mean power (MP) were established. The Predicted Residual Sum of Squares (PRESS) procedure was used to assess external validity while avoiding data splitting. The mean 1-second PP, 5-second PP, and MP were 1,049.1 ± 168.8 W, 1,013.4 ± 158.6 W, and 777.9 ± 105.0 W, respectively. Allometric exponents for 1-second PP, 5-second PP, and MP scaled for BM were b = 0.89, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively. Correlations between allometrically scaled 1-second PP, 5-second PP, and MP, and BM were r = −0.03, −0.03, and −0.02, respectively, suggesting that the allometric exponents derived were effective in partialling out the effect of BM on WAnT values. The PRESS procedure values resulted in small decreases in R2 (0.03, 0.04, and 0.02 for 1-second PP, 5-second PP, and MP, respectively) suggesting acceptable levels of external validity when applied to independent samples. The allometric exponents and normative values provide a useful tool for comparing WAnT scores in college-aged females without the confounding effect of BM. It is suggested that exponents of b = 0.89 (1-second PP), b = 0.88 (5-second PP), and b = 0.86 (MP) be used for allometrically scaling WAnT power values in healthy adult men and that the confidence limits for these allometric exponents be considered as 0.66–1.0 for PP and 0.69–1.0 for MP. The use of these exponents in allometric scaling of male WAnT power values provide coaches and practitioners with valid means for comparing power production between individuals without the confounding influence of BM.
Unraveling e-Learning: An Investigation of Critical Constructs

E-learning and the traditional learning models share many challenges, but some e-learning challenges—e.g., resource utilization—are particular. This study examines the effects that e-learning challenges have on its success in terms of the learner’s expectations, experiences, satisfaction, and performance. Seven hundred and forty-two students in a small Midwestern university constituted the sample; the data from those with e-learning experiences (412) were analyzed for their relevance to this study (close to 13% of the theoretical population). Several levels of analysis examined the effects that e-learning constructs (i.e., course structure and contents, experience with e-learning, expectations, and satisfaction) have on performance of e-learners. Although the bivariate tests and multiple regression analysis supported the theoretical model in this study, “course structure and content quality” appeared to be the most important factor affecting learner’s performance.
Two genetically selected strains of rats exhibit hypersensitivity or resistance to cocaine-induced fatal arrhythmias.

We identified for the first time two genetically selected strains of rats that differ markedly in sensitivity to cocaine-induced life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and arrest. The two strains of rats, designated as Fast and Slow, were bred for sensitivity (Fast) or resistance (Slow) to electrically kindled seizures. Studies were performed on halothane-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. Animals were given cocaine (3 or 4 mg/kg/min i.v.) until they died. Arrhythmias (atrioventricular conduction block) developed at much lower cumulative cocaine doses in Slow-kindling rats than in Fast-kindling rats (15 +/- 1 versus 42 +/- 3 mg/kg, p <.01). The lethal cocaine dose (the dose that caused cardiac arrest) was also markedly lower in Slow than in Fast strains (32 +/- 2 versus 62 +/- 6 mg/kg, p <.01). These differences between the two strains were not significantly altered by pretreatment of animals with either ganglionic blockers, hexamethonium (20 mg/kg i.v.) or chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg i.v.), or a nonselective beta adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.). A nonselective alpha adrenergic receptor blocker, phentolamine (10 mg/kg i.v.), however, abolished the differences between the Fast and Slow strains in the doses of cocaine required to produced atrioventricular conduction block and cardiac arrest. The results provide the first evidence of genetically determined susceptibility or resistance to cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity. There appears to be a genetically determined difference in the alpha adrenergic receptor system between the two strains that is responsible for the differential sensitivity to cocaine-induced arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
Permo–Triassic granitoids of the Xing’an–Mongolia segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Northeast China: age, composition, and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT The Xing’an–Mongolia orogenic belt is located in the southeastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Its tectonic evolution, especially during the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic, remains controversial. Here, we report new zircon U–Pb dates, whole-rock geochemistry, and Hf isotopes of representative samples from four plutons in the Linxi area of Northeast China to provide new constraints on this issue. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the intrusions were emplaced in two stages: (1) Late Permian to Early Triassic (the Banshifangzi and Xinangou plutons (252 ± 3)–(246.3 ± 3.3) Ma); and (2) Late Triassic (the Baoshan and Hada plutons (220.8 ± 2.7)–(211.4 ± 2.6) Ma). Their positive εHf(t) values (6.6–14.1), coupled with their geochemical characteristics, suggest that the provenance of investigated granitoids were most likely to be dominated by juvenile crustal materials. Based on these new data and previous studies, we propose three stages of tectonic evolution during the Late Palaeozoic–Early Mesozoic in the XMOB: (1) Late Carboniferous–Early Permian (330–270 Ma): double-sided subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean; (2) Middle Permian–Middle Triassic (270–237 Ma): the closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean and subsequent continent–continent collision between the North China Craton and the South Mongolia Terrane; and (3) Late Triassic (237–211 Ma): post-collisional extension. Graphical Abstract
Foreign bodies of the ears and nose in childhood

The epidemiology and management aspects of 212 consecutive cases of foreign bodies of the ears and nose in children presenting to an urban pediatric walk-in and emergency care facility were retrospectively reviewed. The items most commonly removed from children's external auditory canals were roaches, paper wads, toy parts, earring parts, hair beads, eraser tips, and food. Foreign bodies most often found in the nose included hair beads, toy parts, paper wads, and food. Approximately 90% of all foreign bodies were able to be removed without significant complications by emergency department personnel with simple equipment. Those who required referral for otorhinolaryngologic intervention had more often failed at self or parental home foreign body removal attempts than those who were able to be managed successfully by emergency department personnel. Parents should be cautioned against attempting to remove objects not readily visible or not capable of being grasped easily.
SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY OF CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE BACKGROUNDS

This study focuses on services for people with intellectual disability and high support needs from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in a suburban region of south-east Queensland. Previous Australian research about people with intellectual disability from diverse cultural backgrounds has largely occurred in Victoria and has focused on children only. Data in this study were collated through group interviews and individual interviews. Participants in the group interviews were 18 disability workers or ethnic community workers with current or previous experience working with people with intellectual disability and high support needs of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Supplementary data was obtained through two individual interviews with family carers of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Interview questions were open-ended and prompted participants to discuss relevant experiences issues and strategies. Five issues emerged from the data. These were classified as isolation, cultural differences, linguistic differences, inter-sectoral links and access. Participants identified a range of personal and organisational strategies that they had successfully utilised in relation to each of these issues. The creation of linkages between the disability and ethnic community services sectors would enable further strategies to be identified and implemented to address this significant service development need and to achieve access and equity for this group of people with disability. The impact on services of small scale exploratory research in a localised area is discussed.
Memory Traces for Words as Revealed by the Mismatch Negativity

Brain responses to the same spoken syllable completing a Finnish word or a pseudo-word were studied. Native Finnish-speaking subjects were instructed to ignore the sound stimuli and watch a silent movie while the mismatch negativity (MMN), an automatic index of experience-dependent auditory memory traces, was recorded. The MMN to each syllable was larger when it completed a word than when it completed a pseudo-word. This enhancement, reaching its maximum amplitude at about 150 ms after the word's recognition point, did not occur in foreign subjects who did not know any Finnish. These results provide the first demonstration of the presence of memory traces for individual spoken words in the human brain. Using whole-head magnetoencephalography, the major intracranial source of this word-related MMN was found in the left superior temporal lobe.
Computer generation of gamma random variables

A new method for generating random variables from the gamma distribution with nonintegral shape parameter α is proposed. This method is similar to two other methods recently given by Wallace and Fishman. It is compared with Fishman's and Ahrens and Dieter's methods. The core storage requirements and programming effort for this method are similar to those of Fishman's method. The proposed method is the same as Fishman's method for 1 ≤ α < 2 and is faster than Fishman's method for 3 ≤ α ≤ 19. Also, the proposed method is much simpler than Ahrens and Dieter's method and is faster for α ≤ 8.
Early Intensive Resuscitation of Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Decreases Mortality

OBJECTIVE:Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy, the mortality of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has remained relatively constant. Inadequate early resuscitation is believed to be a major factor in the persistently high mortality rate in patients with UGIB. In order to evaluate the role of intensive resuscitation in the outcome of patients with UGIB, we conducted the following prospective study.METHODS:A consecutive series of patients with UGIB complicated by hemodynamic instability related to bleeding were enrolled in the study. An initial cohort of patients (Observation Group) was followed by a team of physicians to collect data. After recording demographic information, the time interval between presentation with UGIB and the correction of hemodynamic instability, hematocrit (HCT), and coagulopathy was prospectively recorded. Medical treatment, endoscopic intervention, and subsequent outcome were also prospectively recorded. A subsequent cohort of patients (Intensive Resuscitation Group) was then prospectively followed and similar demographic and outcome data were collected. However, in this cohort, the physicians involved in collecting the data also provided guidance to the health care team managing the patients. The goal for this group of patients was to allow a more rapid correction of hemodynamic instability, HCT, coagulopathy, and medical/endoscopic intervention.RESULTS:Seventy-two patients were included in the study, 36 males, 36 females, mean age 70 yr (range 21–94). Thirty-six patients were followed in the Observational Group, and 36 in the Intensive Resuscitation Group. There were no significant differences with regard to age, gender, number and type of comorbid diseases, history of prior gastrointestinal bleeding, or etiology of bleeding between the two groups. Patients treated in the Intensive Resuscitation Group had a significant decrease in the time interval from admission to the stabilization of hemodynamics and the correction of HCT. There were no significant differences in the time interval from admission to endoscopic intervention, length-of-stay (LOS), or the number of units of blood given. Fewer patients in the Intensive Resuscitation Group suffered myocardial infarction (p = 0.04). Mortality was lower in the Intensive Resuscitation Group (one death) compared to the Observational Group (four deaths), (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION:Early intensive resuscitation of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding significantly decreases mortality. Physicians involved in the care of patients with UGIB should focus on early and rapid correction of hemodynamics, HCT, and underlying coagulopathy.
Reduced Vascular Remodeling, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Resistance Arteries of Angiotensin II–Infused Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Deficient Mice: Evidence for a Role in Inflammation in Angiotensin-Induced Vascular Injury

Objective—Angiotensin (Ang) II-induced vascular damage may be partially mediated by reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation. Homozygous osteopetrotic mice (Op/Op), deficient in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-CSF), exhibit reduced inflammation. We therefore investigated Ang II effects on vascular structure, function, and oxidant stress generation in this model. Methods and Results—Adult Op/Op, heterozygous (Op/+), and wild type (+/+) mice underwent 14-day Ang II (1000 ng/kg per minute) or saline infusion. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed by radiotelemetry, mesenteric resistance artery vascular reactivity was studied on a pressurized myograph, and vascular superoxide and NAD(P)H oxidase activity by lucigenin chemiluminescence. Ang II increased BP in Op/+ and +/+ mice but not in Op/Op. Ang II-treated Op/+ and +/+ mice showed reduced acetylcholine-mediated relaxation (maximal relaxation, respectively, 64% and 67% versus 84% and 93% in respective controls; P<0.05), which was unaffected by l-NAME. Ang II-infused Op/Op mice arteries showed significantly less endothelial dysfunction than vehicle-infused counterparts (maximal relaxation 87% versus 96% in shams). Resistance arteries from Ang II-infused +/+ and Op/+ mice had significantly increased media-to-lumen ratio and media thickness, neither of which was altered in Op/Op mice compared with untreated littermates. Vascular media cross-sectional area, NAD(P)H oxidase activity and expression, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression were significantly increased by Ang II only in +/+ mice (P<0.05). Conclusions—m-CSF–deficient mice (Op/Op) developed less endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and oxidative stress induced by Ang II than +/+ littermates, suggesting a critical role of m-CSF and proinflammatory mediators in Ang II-induced vascular injury.
Quantum Achievability Proof via Collision Relative Entropy

In this paper, we provide a simple framework for deriving one-shot achievable bounds for some problems in quantum information theory. Our framework is based on the joint convexity of the exponential of the collision relative entropy and is a (partial) quantum generalization of the technique of Yassaee et al. from classical information theory. Based on this framework, we derive one-shot achievable bounds for the problems of communication over classical-quantum channels, quantum hypothesis testing, and classical data compression with quantum side information. We argue that our one-shot achievable bounds are strong enough to give the asymptotic achievable rates of these problems even up to the second order.