Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Shadow Education on Mainstream Education in Public Secondary Schools in Athi River District

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the impacts of shadow education on mainstream education in secondary schools in Athi River District.Methodology: The study used descriptive survey research design. This study used primary data which was collected through use of structured questionnaires. The target population of the study were teachers, students and parents in public secondary schools in the 29 secondary schools in Athi River District. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents from the sampling frame; 29 principals, 29 teachers, 29 parents and another 29 students were selected from the twenty nine schools. Data from the questionnaires were analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) to derive descriptive resultsResults: The findings implied that performance is an important element that is considered in shadow education. The study findings indicated that shadow education does not assist in coverage of syllabus, but improves teachers’ motivation and students’ performance. Further, descriptive studies also show that shadow education affects the time parents spend with their children.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study provides recommendation to the government to reduce the regulatory burden on shadow education and to parents to encourage their children to value shadow education. The study recommends further studies to touch on the implication of shadow education costs to the income of households in Kenya-either in the rural or urban setting.
Contributions of Therapist Characteristics and Stability to Intensive In-home Therapy Youth Outcomes

Objective: This study examines the influence of therapist and youth characteristics on post-discharge outcomes from intensive in-home therapy. Method: Data for 1,416 youth and 412 therapists were obtained from a behavioral health services provider. The Huber—White method was used to account for nested data; ordered logistic regression was employed to assess outcomes. Results: Therapist gender and employment stability were significantly associated with youth outcomes. The likelihood of an undesirable outcome was significantly less for cases with female therapists. Conclusion: Findings underscore the need for additional study concerning the impact of therapist characteristics and stability on youth outcomes, and to improve the understanding of the relationship between the two. Future studies in these areas would advance social work practice in family-based treatment programs.
Leverage, Moral Hazard and Liquidity

We build a model of the financial sector to explain why adverse asset shocks in good economic times lead to a sudden drying up of liquidity. Financial firms raise short-term debt in order to finance asset purchases. When asset fundamentals worsen, debt induces firms to risk-shift; this limits their funding liquidity and their ability to roll over debt. Firms may de-lever by selling assets to better-capitalized firms. Thus the market liquidity of assets depends on the severity of the asset shock and the system-wide distribution of leverage. This distribution of leverage is, however, itself endogenous to future prospects. In particular, short-term debt is relatively cheap to issue in good times when expectations of asset fundamentals are benign, resulting in entry to the financial sector of firms with less capital or high leverage. Due to such entry, even though the incidence of financial crises is lower in good times, their severity in terms of de-leveraging and evaporation of market liquidity can in fact be greater.
“Opting Out” or “Pushed Out”? Integrating Perspectives on Women’s Career Equality for Gender Inclusion and Interventions

This paper integrates the rapidly growing literatures on the individual and organizational factors that contribute to women’s career equality. We organize studies into three research perspectives: career preference, gender bias, and work-family explanations. These literatures diverge on whether women “opt out” or are “pushed out” of leadership positions in organizations. Further, the interconnectedness of these “pushes” and “pulls” and micro-macro linkages are not well-integrated. This creates a lack of clarity about what scholars should study and what practices organizations should implement. We define women’s career equality as an individual and organizational phenomenon involving the degree to which women (a) have equal access to and participation in career opportunities, and (b) experience equal intrinsic and extrinsic work and nonwork outcomes compared to men. We bridge the interdisciplinary divides by developing an integrative multi-level model of women’s career equality. We propose that individuals’ career perceptions and experiences are embedded in social contexts reflecting the climate for gender inclusion and interact with these contexts to shape women’s career equality outcomes. The climate for gender inclusion has three dimensions: fairness, leveraging talent, and workplace support. We identify coalescing themes to stimulate future research, including attention to national socio-economic influences, improving metrics and measurement of gender inclusion climate, multi-level career equality outcomes, a joint focus on implicit and explicit bias, and designing cross-disciplinary interventions for experiments. In order to foster theory-based research that is linked to practice, we suggest implementing and scientifically evaluating comprehensive workplace interventions that integrate perspectives and levels.
Nearest Neighbour Distance Distribution in Hard-Core Point Processes

In this paper we present an analytic framework for formulating the statistical distribution of the nearest neighbour distance in hard-core point processes. We apply this framework to Matern hard-core point process (MHC) to derive the cumulative distribution function of the contact distance in three cases. The first case is between a point in an MHC process and its nearest neighbour from the same process. The second case is between a point in an independent Poisson point process and the nearest neighbour from an MHC process. The third case is between a point in the complement of an MHC process and its sibling MHC process. We test the analytic results against Monte-Carlo simulations to verify their consistency.
An Evaluation of An Assessment of Check-In/Check-Out with Children who are Homeless in an After School Care Program

Evaluation of An Assessment of Check-In/Check-Out with Children who are Homeless in an After School Care Program" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Abstract Schoolwide Positive Behavior Interventions and Support (SWPBIS) is an approach designed to improve the correct implementation, consistent use, and maintenance of evidence-based practices related to behavior, classroom management and school discipline systems. Check-in/Check-out (CICO) is often recognized as a successful intervention in SWPBIS. However, most of the research on the use of CICO has focused on the school setting. This study provided an extension to the literature by examining the effects of the CICO program with homeless children attending an afterschool program. A non-concurrent multiple baseline across participants design was used to evaluate the CICO program effects. Students were exposed to a CICO intervention in which problem behaviors were targeted for reduction and task engagement was targeted for acquisition. Of the five participants selected for the study four participants were exposed to a CICO intervention. Results demonstrated a decrease in problem behaviors and an increase in task engagement for all four participants.
The relationship between personality organization and sexual life in a community sample of men

Contemporary object-relation theory of personality postulates that the level of severity of personality organization parallels the nature and extent of problems in the patient’s sexual life. The study aims at exploring the relationship between dimensions of Borderline Personality Organization (BPO) (as assessed according to Otto Kernberg’s model), sexual functioning, quality of sexual life and paraphilias in a community sample of men. One-hundred and thirty-six healthy men were asked to complete a set of questionnaires including the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), the International Index of Erectile Function, the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire, and a checklist to assess the prevalence of paraphilias. High scores on IPO subscales were significantly associated with low overall satisfaction in sexual functioning, low quality of sexual life, and the presence of paraphilias. Results expand previous findings on the relationship between features of BPO and core components of sexual life and support the need for an assessment of personality functioning in subjects reporting sexual problems.
Advances to Bayesian network inference for generating causal networks from observational biological data

MOTIVATION Network inference algorithms are powerful computational tools for identifying putative causal interactions among variables from observational data. Bayesian network inference algorithms hold particular promise in that they can capture linear, non-linear, combinatorial, stochastic and other types of relationships among variables across multiple levels of biological organization. However, challenges remain when applying these algorithms to limited quantities of experimental data collected from biological systems. Here, we use a simulation approach to make advances in our dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) inference algorithm, especially in the context of limited quantities of biological data. RESULTS We test a range of scoring metrics and search heuristics to find an effective algorithm configuration for evaluating our methodological advances. We also identify sampling intervals and levels of data discretization that allow the best recovery of the simulated networks. We develop a novel influence score for DBNs that attempts to estimate both the sign (activation or repression) and relative magnitude of interactions among variables. When faced with limited quantities of observational data, combining our influence score with moderate data interpolation reduces a significant portion of false positive interactions in the recovered networks. Together, our advances allow DBN inference algorithms to be more effective in recovering biological networks from experimentally collected data. AVAILABILITY Source code and simulated data are available upon request. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION http://www.jarvislab. net/Bioinformatics/BNAdvances/
2-Methoxyestradiol Inhibits Barrett's Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Growth and Differentiation through Differential Regulation of the β-Catenin–E-Cadherin Axis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), a promising anticancer agent, modulates Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma (BEAC) cell growth and behavior through a cellular pathway involving β-catenin in partnership with E-cadherin, which seems to play a critical role in the induction of antitumor responses in cancer cells. We found that 2-ME2 markedly reduced the BEAC cell proliferation through regulating apoptotic machinery such as Bcl-2 and Bax. It may nullify the aggressive behavior of the cells by reducing the migratory behavior. Expressions of β-catenin and E-cadherin and binding of these two proteins is activated in a 2-ME2–dependent fashion in Bic-1 cells. Moreover, overexpressions of these two proteins may be due to the stabilization of these proteins by 2-ME2. We found that 2-ME2–induced antimigratory effects are mediated through the β-catenin–E-cadherin signaling pathways. In view of these results, we determined whether 2-ME2 reduces BEAC tumor growth. Administration of 2-ME2 significantly decreased the growth of BEAC cells xenografted on the flank of nude mice. The evidence presented points out that the effect of 2-ME2 on β-catenin–orchestrated signal transduction plausibly plays a multifaceted functional role to inhibit the proliferation and cell migration of 2-ME2–treated malignant cells and it could be a potential candidate in novel treatment strategies for Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(3); 523–34
Prevalence and factors associated with trachoma among children aged 1–9 years in Zala district, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Background Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. It is common in areas where people are socioeconomically deprived. Globally, approximately 1.2 billion people live in trachoma-endemic areas, in which, 40.6 million individuals have active trachoma and 8.2 million have trichiasis. According to the World Health Organization’s 2007 report, globally close to 1.3 million people are blind due to trachoma, while approximately 84 million suffer from active trachoma. The National Survey (2007) of Ethiopia showed a prevalence of 40.1% active trachoma among children aged 1–9 years. Trachoma is still endemic in most parts of Ethiopia. Objective To assess prevalence of trachoma and factors associated with it among children aged 1–9 years in Zala district, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Zala district from February 28 to March 26, 2014. A total of 611 children were examined for trachoma based on the simplified World Health Organization 1983 classification. A multistage stratified sampling technique with a systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by using a semistructured pretested questionnaire and clinical eye examination. The data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independently associated factors. Results The overall prevalence of active trachoma cases was 224 (36.7%) consisting of 207 (92.4%) trachomatous follicles, eight (3.6%) trachomatous intense, and nine (4.0%) combination of trachomatous follicle and trachomatous intense. Inadequate knowledge of family head about trachoma (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.8 [95% CI: 1.9, 4.2]); ≤10 m latrine distance (AOR =1.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.09, 2.4]); presence of above two preschool children (AOR =2.2 [95% CI: 1.3, 3.7]), flies on the face (AOR =6.3 [95% CI: 2.7, 14.7]), and unclean face (AOR =2.4 [95% CI: 1.5, 3.9]) were found to be independently associated with trachoma. Conclusion Trachoma among children in Zala district is a disease of public health importance. Factors like inadequate knowledge about trachoma by the head of the family, ≤10 m latrine distance, presence of above two preschool children, flies on the face, and an unclean face were independently associated with trachoma among children. So strengthening of antibiotic use, face washing, and environmental improvement strategy implementation is mandatory.
Selection of Prime Actor in Humans during Bimanual Object Manipulation

In bimanual object manipulation tasks, people flexibly assign one hand as a prime actor while the other assists. Little is known, however, about the neural mechanisms deciding the role assignment. We addressed this issue in a task in which participants moved a cursor to hit targets on a screen by applying precisely coupled symmetrical opposing linear and twist forces on a tool held freely between the hands. In trials presented in an unpredictable order, the action of either the left or the right hand was spatially congruent with the cursor movements, which automatically rendered the left or right hand the dominant actor, respectively. Functional magnetic resonance imaging indicated that the hand-selection process engaged prefrontal cortical areas belonging to an executive control network presumed critical for judgment and decision-making and to a salience network attributed to evaluation of utility of actions. Task initiation, which involved switching between task sets, had a superordinate role with reference to hand selection. Behavioral and brain imaging data indicated that participants initially expressed two competing action representations, matching either mapping rule, before selecting the appropriate one based on the consequences of the initial manual actions. We conclude that implicit processes engaging the prefrontal cortex reconcile selections among action representations that compete for the establishment of a dominant actor in bimanual object manipulation tasks. The representation selected is the one that optimizes performance by relying on the superior capacity of the brain to process spatial congruent, as opposed to noncongruent, mappings between manual actions and desired movement goals.
Don't give up the community: a viewpoint of trust development in online collaboration

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the development of trust during online collaboration. The purpose of the inquiry is to improve the understanding of individual trust development in longitudinal online collaboration teams.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reveals the conclusion of a longitudinal online collaboration case study of two student cohorts over a two‐year period, where each cohort is in their first year, based on a previous trust research model. However, the study is conducted in a new context through the implementation of online collaboration tools. Data is collected using longitudinal surveys and in‐depth interviews.Findings – The paper demonstrates that trust development in different online collaboration groups does not follow a particular pattern in this case study. This development is characterised by fluctuation and complexity. Trust development does not attain the ideal state discussed in previous research and trust development is different within each team. The paper provides in.
A Critical Examination of Asian Students’ Interracial and Interethnic Friendships at a Multiracial Urban School

This study examines Asian students’ interracial/interethnic friendships at a multiracial middle school. Friendship groups remain predominantly segregated despite the school’s efforts, reflecting community and parental influences. The circulation of uncontested stereotypes such as “loud” and “brash” African Americans is based on normative ideas of communicative styles, making some Asian students hesitant to be friends with their African American peers. There also exists an Asian hierarchy where Chinese students look down upon Cambodian students who befriend African American students. This study demonstrates Asian students’ construction of their social networks is inseparable from the construction of Whiteness in the broader society.
How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transforma-tion of the Industrial World

* Introduction * The Starting Point: The Middle Ages * The Growth of Trade to 1750 * The Evolution of Institutions Favorable to Commerce * The Development of Industry: 17501880 * Diversity of Organization: The Corporation * Technology, Trusts, and Marketable Stock * The Link Between Science and Wealth * Diversity of Enterprise * Implications and Comparison
Smoking cessation in patients with respiratory diseases: a high priority, integral component of therapy

Smoking cessation is the one of the most important ways to improve the prognosis of patients with respiratory disease. The Task Force on guidelines for smoking cessation in patients with respiratory diseases was convened to provide evidence-based recommendations on smoking cessation interventions in respiratory patients. Based on the currently available evidence and the consensus of an expert panel, the following key recommendations were made. 1) Patients with respiratory disease have a greater and more urgent need to stop smoking than the average smoker, so respiratory physicians must take a proactive and continuing role with all smokers in motivating them to stop and in providing treatment to aid smoking cessation. 2) Smoking cessation treatment should be integrated into the management of the patient's respiratory condition. 3) Therapies should include pharmacological treatment (i.e. nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenicline) combined with behavioural support. 4) Respiratory physicians should receive training to ensure that they have the knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary to deliver these interventions or to refer to an appropriate specialist. 5) Although the cost of implementing these recommendations will partly be offset by a reduction in attendance for exacerbations, etc., a budget should be established to enable implementation. Research is needed to establish optimum treatment strategies specifically for respiratory patients.
Peranan Corporate Social Responsibility dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Corporate Social Responsibility dalam memoderasi pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun 2011-2015. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 128 perusahaan dan setelah melalui metode purposive sampling , jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menjadi 37 perusahaan dengan 185 total pengamatan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa data annual report yang diunduh dari website BEI. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa leverage dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan sedangkan profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sebagai variabel pemoderasi mampu memoderasi pengaruh profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap nilai perusahaan tetapi tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Homological stability for certain classical groups

We prove homological stability for standard unitary groups over R, C and H and for general linear groups over skew-fields with infinite centre. We focus on the similarities and differences of these proofs. Both proofs are due to Chih-Han Sah (Homology of classical Lie groups made discrete I: Stability theorems and Schur multipliers. Comment. Math. Helv. 61(2), 1986).
Applying the Kirkpatrick model: Evaluating an Interaction for Learning Framework curriculum intervention

Global perspectives and interpersonal and intercultural communication competencies are viewed as a priority within higher education. For management educators, globalisation, student mobility and widening pathways present numerous challenges, but afford opportunities for curriculum innovation. The Interaction for Learning Framework (ILF) seeks to help academics introduce curriculum change and increase peer interaction opportunities. Although the framework has many strengths to recommend it, the ILF does not provide a process by which academics can easily evaluate the outcomes produced by its implementation. In this paper, we examine the efficacy of a popular four level training evaluation framework – the Kirkpatrick model – as a way to appraise the outcomes of ILF-based curriculum interventions. We conclude that the Kirkpatrick model offers educators a straightforward basis for evaluation of interventions, but that as with any model the approach to evaluation should be adapted to the particular setting and circumstances.
Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Constrained Optimization Problems

The performance of the Particle Swarm Optimization method in coping with Constrained Optimization problems is investigated in this contribution. In the adopted approach a non{stationary multi{stage assignment penalty function is incorporated, and several experiments are performed on well{known and widely used benchmark problems. The obtained results are reported and compared with those obtained through di erent evolutionary algorithms, such as Evolution Strategies and Genetic Algorithms. Conclusions are derived and directions of future research are exposed.