Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Tunnelled Proxies through Passively Monitoring Network Traffic

"Proxies" are Internet applications that enable Internet users to connect to (or tunnel through) remote resources using another machine for two distinct purposes. First, they allow users to access remotely all resources in a network (i.e. Virtual Private Network or VPN). Second, they bring some level of anonymity by bouncing traffic around proxies. The latter model may enable Internet users to bypass website censorship and services that prohibit access from some specific geographical locations. Similarly, Internet attackers may use the latter approach to stay unknown. In our previous research, we have introduced OverUDP (a novel approach of transferring all transport layer data over UDP tunnel for P2P communications of IPv4). In this study, we briefly explain how OverUDP works in practice and also show how an Internet attacker may misuse it and make it act as a proxy. Finding this type of proxy is relatively difficult because communications between the attacker and the victim are tunnelled. Furthermore, we discuss the security concerns of misusing our solution, and a detection approach if OverUDP was used as a proxy.
Incidence and Outcomes of Patients With Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Fourth Primary Tumors

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the incidence and outcomes of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and fourth primary tumors (PTs) in a betel-chewing endemic area.We retrospectively examined the records of 1836 OSCC patients who underwent radical tumor resection between 1996 and 2014. The outcome measures included the incidence and number of multiple PTs, the main risk factors, and their associations with overall survival (OS). Of the 1836 patients, 1400 (76.3%) had a single PT, 344 (18.7%) a second PT, 67 (3.6%) a third PT, and 25 (1.4%) a fourth PT. Univariate analyses (log-rank test) identified the following factors as significantly associated with a fourth PT: simultaneous first and second PTs, betel quid chewing, buccal subsite, and pT3–4 status. After allowance for the potential confounding effect of other risk factors, all of these factors retained their independent prognostic significance in stepwise multivariate analyses, the only exception being betel chewing. The incidences of second, third, and fourth PTs at 5 and 10 years were 20.2%/34.6%, 4.0%/8.6%, and 1.0%/2.3%, respectively. The 5 and 10-year OS rates (calculated from the diagnosis of each PTs) for patients with a single, second, third, and fourth PTs were 68%/61%, 43%/37%, 45%/39%%, and 30%/30%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Among patients with a fourth PT, those who underwent radical surgery showed a significantly higher 3-year OS than those who did not (57% vs 13%; P = 0.0442). Fourth PTs are rarely observed in OSCC patients in a betel quid-chewing endemic area. Long-term survival rates of patients treated with radical surgery seems acceptable, being 4-fold higher than their counterparts.
OCL Compiler for EMF

The Eclipse infrastructure for modeling is based on EMF, with support for OCL 2.0 provided by the Model Development Tools (MDT) project. The combined expressive power of Ecore + OCL allows capturing a sizable amount of development requirements in a declarative manner: (a) data modeling aspects can be expressed as an Ecore-based schema further constrained by OCL invariants; (b) a number of functional requirements can be specified as operation preand postconditions, together with side-effects-free queries. The OCL compiler reported in this paper extends the code generation process of EMF by performing a translation from OCL types and expressions into Java types and statements, increasing productivity and quality measures of a Model-Driven Software Development (MDSD) process. The generated code can be directly used as the Model component in an MVC architecture (for example, as part of a graphical editor generated with Eclipse GMF).
Reconsidering Prepositional Polysemy Networks: The Case of Over

This article explores lexical polysemy through an in-depth examination of the English preposition over. Working within a cognitive linguistic framework, the present study illustrates the nonarbitrary quality of the mental lexicon and the highly creative nature of the human conceptual system. The analysis takes the following as basic: (1) human conceptualization is the product of embodied experience, that is, the kinds of bodies and neural architecture humans have, in conjunction with the nature of the spatio-physical world humans inhabit, determine human conceptual structure, and (2) semantic structure derives from and reflects conceptual structure. As humans interact with the world, they perceive recurring spatial configurations that become represented in memory as abstract, imagistic conceptualizations. We posit that each preposition is represented by a primary meaning, which we term a PROTOSCENE. The protoscene, in turn, interacts with a highly constrained set of cognitive principles to derive a set of additional distinct senses, forming a motivated semantic network. Previous accounts have failed to develop adequate criteria to distinguish between coding in formal linguistic expression and the nature of conceptualization, which integrates linguistic prompts in a way that is maximally coherent with and contingent upon sentential context and real-world knowledge. To this end, we put forward a methodology for identifying the protoscene and for distinguishing among distinct senses.
On the relationships between topological measures in real-world networks

Over the past several years, a number of measures have been introduced to characterize the topology of complex networks. We perform a statistical analysis of real data sets, representing the topology of different real-world networks. First, we show that some measures are either fully related to other topological measures or that they are significantly limited in the range of their possible values. Second, we observe that subsets of measures are highly correlated, indicating redundancy among them. Our study thus suggests that the set of commonly used measures is too extensive to concisely characterize the topology of complex networks. It also provides an important basis for classification and unification of a definite set of measures that would serve in future topological studies of complex networks.
Customer Satisfaction With Game and Service Experiences : Antecedents and Consequences

Sport marketing researchers have generally studied two types of satisfaction at sporting events: game satisfaction and service satisfaction. One gap in the literature is studying the two types together. A model of the relationships between service quality, core product quality, game and service satisfaction, and behavioral intentions is proposed and tested. Data were collected from spectators at a professional baseball game in Japan (n = 283) and at two college football games in the United States (n = 343). The results in both Japan and the United States indicate that game atmosphere was a strong predictor of game satisfaction whereas stadium employees and facility access were the major antecedents of service satisfaction. Game satisfaction had a significant impact on behavioral intentions across the two settings, although the service satisfaction-behavioral intentions relationship was significant only in Japan. The research findings, managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Scalable Earthquake Simulation on Petascale Supercomputers

Petascale simulations are needed to understand the rupture and wave dynamics of the largest earthquakes at shaking frequencies required to engineer safe structures (> 1 Hz). Toward this goal, we have developed a highly scalable, parallel application (AWP-ODC) that has achieved “M8”: a full dynamical simulation of a magnitude-8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas fault up to 2 Hz. M8 was calculated using a uniform mesh of 436 billion 40-m3 cubes to represent the three-dimensional crustal structure of Southern California, in a 800 km by 400 km area, home to over 20 million people. This production run producing 360 sec of wave propagation sustained 220 Tflop/s for 24 hours on NCCS Jaguar using 223,074 cores. As the largest-ever earthquake simulation, M8 opens new territory for earthquake science and engineering—the physics-based modeling of the largest seismic hazards with the goal of reducing their potential for loss of life and property.
Socio-demographic determinants of dental anxiety and fear among college students

Anxiety as a pathological condition is certain with intense feelings of fear, accompanied by somatic symptoms associated with over-reactivity of the autonomic nervous system (1-2). Dental anxiety refers to intense physiological responses regarding to any kind of dental treatment. Dental anxiety is a condition that extends from the past to the present and prevents patients from taking advantage of dental treatment (3).
Componential Explanation in Philosophy, Cognitive Science and Computer Science

This paper shows how Componential Explanation as discussed within Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Science relates to Compositional Verification in Computer Science. It is shown how formal techniques and methods developed for Compositional Verification provide a formal basis and automated support for Componential Explanation. The role of formalised interlevel relations is shown to be crucial for formalisation of the analysis on which a componential explanation rests. A case study is used to illustrate the thoroughness of the approach.
Pin Accessibility-Driven Detailed Placement Refinement

The significantly increased number of routing design rules at sub-20nm nodes has made pin access one of the most critical challenges in detailed routing. Resolving pin access issues in detailed routing stage may be too late due to the fixed pin locations, especially in the area with high pin density. In placement stage when cell movement is allowed, the consideration of pin access has more flexibility. We propose a refinement stage after detailed placement to improve pin access. To respect the given placement solution, the refinement techniques are restricted to cell flipping, same-row adjacent cell swap, and cell shifting. A cost function is presented to model pin access for each pin-to-pin connection. Based on the cost function, two phases are proposed to improve pin access for all the connections simultaneously. In the first phase, we refine the placement by cell flipping and same-row adjacent cell swap. The problem is solved by dynamic programming row by row. In the second phase, only cell shifting is used, and a linear program is formulated to further refine the placement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed detailed placement refinement can improve pin access and reduce unroutable nets by about 33% in the detailed routing stage.
An Empirical Study of the Accounting Values Shared By Romanian Accountants Aiming to Become Private Practitioners

Building on Hofstede's (1980) cultural model, Gray (1988) created a framework that explains the interaction between national culture and the accounting subculture. He hypothesised the relationships between societal values and the accounting values that he assumes depict the accounting subculture. In this study, the data is collected at the individual accountant level through a questionnaire that develops measures of Gray's accounting values. After 1990, Romanian accounting went through two major reforms: the first has virtually implemented a translation of the French PCG and the second, enacted in 1999, was meant to achieve, for certain enterprises, harmonisation with EU Directives and IAS/IFRS. The Romanian accounting system has been described as dominated by statutory control, uniformity, conservatism and secrecy. The present study investigates the accounting values of two groups of Bucharest accountants at two points in time (1999 and 2005). The 2005 results are in line with the first three of Gray's hypotheses applied to Romania's scores on Hofstede's indexes (2001). As predicted, the accountants surveyed in 2005 favour statutory control, uniformity and conservatism, but prefer transparency. The paper discusses possible reasons for the differences between the values of the two groups and concludes that values change with time and with exposure to a different accounting culture.
Variation in Dutch: From written MOGELIJK to spoken MOK

Abstract In Dutch, high-frequency words with the suffix -lijk are often highly reduced in spontaneous unscripted speech. This study addressed socio-geographic variation in the reduction of such words against the backdrop of the variation in their use in written and spoken Dutch. Multivariate analyses of the frequencies with which the words were used in a factorially contrasted set of subcorpora revealed significant variation involving the speaker’s country, sex, and education level for spoken Dutch, and involving country and register for written Dutch. Acoustic analyses revealed that Dutch men reduced most often, while Flemish highly educated women reduced least. Two linguistic context effects emerged, one prosodic, and the other pertaining to the flow of information. Words in sentence final position showed less reduction, while words that were better predictable from the preceding word in the sentence (based on mutual information) tended to be reduced more often. The increased probability of reduction for forms that are more predictable in context, combined with the loss of the suffix in the more extremely reduced forms, suggests that high-frequency words in -lijk are undergoing a process of erosion that causes them to gravitate towards monomorphemic function words.
Student-centred learning environments in higher education

This contribution proposes student-centred learning environments (SCLEs) as an instrumental notion for teachers and institutions in higher education. SCLEs are viewed as spaces for learning that enable students to address unique learning interests and needs, to meet institutional requirements as well as engage with knowledge, resources, tools, or people in order to learn. To clarify the notion, the article problematizes the idea of student centrality and discusses key assumptions following perspectives to learning that emphasize students’ responsibility, when also being provided with the necessary guidance and support in the process. The article identifies a set of principles to be considered when designing such learning environments in higher education. Two examples of course designs in software engineering and legal education are examined and discussed in an attempt to illustrate how these principles are employed in these two contexts. By accounting for the fact that SCLEs can cater, foster and support student learning, the article makes a case that such environments need to be carefully crafted. Ultimately, this contribution provides a toolbox for teachers and higher education programmes in higher education, which could be employed to enhance the quality of teaching and learning.
PeerChooser: visual interactive recommendation

Collaborative filtering (CF) has been successfully deployed over the years to compute predictions on items based on a user's correlation with a set of peers. The black-box nature of most CF applications leave the user wondering how the system arrived at its recommendation. This note introduces PeerChooser, a collaborative recommender system with an interactive graphical explanation interface. Users are provided with a visual explanation of the CF process and opportunity to manipulate their neighborhood at varying levels of granularity to reflect aspects of their current requirements. In this manner we overcome the problem of redundant profile information in CF systems, in addition to providing an explanation interface. Our layout algorithm produces an exact, noiseless graph representation of the underlying correlations between users. PeerChooser's prediction component uses this graph directly to yield the same results as the benchmark. User's then improve on these predictions by tweaking the graph to their current requirements. We present a user-survey in which PeerChooser compares favorably against a benchmark CF algorithm.
Peer Review History Title (provisional) Effect of a Six Months Vegan Low-carbohydrate ( " Eco-atkins " ) Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Body Weight in Hyperlipidemic Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial

BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (see an example) and are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are reproduced below. Some articles will have been accepted based in part or entirely on reviews undertaken for other BMJ Group journals. These will be reproduced where possible. THE STUDY Article refers reader to previous article for many Methods details, including entry criteria. Description of how diet counseling was delivered is needed. Several references are misinterpreted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS High attrition rate limits conclusions to those who can adhere to a very unique diet. Wording of the interpretation of prior studies needs to be changed to be more representative. GENERAL COMMENTS The authors report 6 months further follow-up of a trial randomizing 50 overweight adults with elevated LDL-C to a vegan, low-carbohydrate diet (Eco Atkins) versus a high carbohydrate diet (control). The Eco Atkins diet is a hybrid of 2 approaches attempting to combine the potential beneficial impacts of lowering carbohydrates and lowering saturated fats. The first month, participants were provided all foods whereas the next 6 months, participants bought and prepared their own meals; this report focuses on results from the 39 participants who continued into this latter part of the study. Participants following the vegan low-carbohydrate had mildly greater weight loss and greater LDL-C and triglyceride lowering than control participants. The study is a nice design, and the manuscript is clearly written. Major issues: 1. The discussion section misinterprets the existing literature regarding low-carbohydrate diet effects on LDL-C. The text suggests the Eco Atkins diet overcomes the detrimental effect on LDL-C seen in prior studies of low-carbohydrate diets that allowed intake of animal foods. However, LDL-C did not increase from baseline on the low-carbohydrate diet in most of the studies and when it did, the
House Money and Entrepreneurship

We examine the relationship between house prices and entrepreneurship using micro data from the US Census Bureau. Increases in house prices are often thought to drive entrepreneurship through unlocking the collateral channel for bank loans, but this interpretation is challenged by worries regarding omitted variable biases (e.g., rising local demand) or wealth effects (i.e., that people with more valuable homes are more likely to enter entrepreneurship for reasons other than access to collateral). We construct an empirical environment that utilizes very localized price changes, exploits variations in initial home values across residents in the same zip code, and embeds multiple comparisons (e.g., owners vs. renters, homestead exemption laws by state). For the United States during the 2000-2004 period, the link of home prices to the rate of entrepreneurship through home equity channels is modest in economic magnitude. This is despite a focus on a time period that experienced the largest concentration of US home price growth over the last two decades. Even when we do connect home equity to entrepreneurship, part of the effect is linked to an increased demand for entrepreneurship. While housing collateral plays a role in the entry that we observe, it does not seem to be a major barrier to entrepreneurship in our context.
Physical and chemical characterization of biochars derived from different agricultural residues

Abstract. Biochar is widely recognized as an efficient tool for carbon sequestration and soil fertility. The understanding of its chemical and physical properties, which are strongly related to the type of the initial material used and pyrolysis conditions, is crucial to identify the most suitable application of biochar in soil. A selection of organic wastes with different characteristics (e.g., rice husk (RH), rice straw (RS), wood chips of apple tree (Malus pumila) (AB), and oak tree (Quercus serrata) (OB)) were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C) in order to optimize the physicochemical properties of biochar as a soil amendment. Low-temperature pyrolysis produced high biochar yields; in contrast, high-temperature pyrolysis led to biochars with a high C content, large surface area, and high adsorption characteristics. Biochar obtained at 600 °C leads to a high recalcitrant character, whereas that obtained at 400 °C retains volatile and easily labile compounds. The biochar obtained from rice materials (RH and RS) showed a high yield and unique chemical properties because of the incorporation of silica elements into its chemical structure. The biochar obtained from wood materials (AB and OB) showed high carbon content and a high absorption character.
Rough Large Deviation Estimates for the Optimal Convergence Speed Exponent of Generalized Simulated

Dans ce papier, nous etudions la vitesse de convergence des algorithmes de recuit generalise. Nous etablissons des estimees de grandes deviations uniformes en le schema de temperature pour les temps et les lois de sorties des cycles dans l'esprit du travail de O. Catoni pour le recuit sequentiel [2]. Nous obtenons alors la valeur de l'exposant optimal pour la vitesse de convergence sur les schemas de temperature decroissants conjecturee par R. Azencott [1].
Membrane lipid unsaturation as physiological adaptation to animal longevity

The appearance of oxygen in the terrestrial atmosphere represented an important selective pressure for ancestral living organisms and contributed toward setting up the pace of evolutionary changes in structural and functional systems. The evolution of using oxygen for efficient energy production served as a driving force for the evolution of complex organisms. The redox reactions associated with its use were, however, responsible for the production of reactive species (derived from oxygen and lipids) with damaging effects due to oxidative chemical modifications of essential cellular components. Consequently, aerobic life required the emergence and selection of antioxidant defense systems. As a result, a high diversity in molecular and structural antioxidant defenses evolved. In the following paragraphs, we analyze the adaptation of biological membranes as a dynamic structural defense against reactive species evolved by animals. In particular, our goal is to describe the physiological mechanisms underlying the structural adaptation of cellular membranes to oxidative stress and to explain the meaning of this adaptive mechanism, and to review the state of the art about the link between membrane composition and longevity of animal species.
Household occupancy monitoring using electricity meters

Occupancy monitoring (i.e. sensing whether a building or room is currently occupied) is required by many building automation systems. An automatic heating system may, for example, use occupancy data to regulate the indoor temperature. Occupancy data is often obtained through dedicated hardware such as passive infrared sensors and magnetic reed switches. In this paper, we derive occupancy information from electric load curves measured by off-the-shelf smart electricity meters. Using the publicly available ECO dataset, we show that supervised machine learning algorithms can extract occupancy information with an accuracy between 83% and 94%. To this end we use a comprehensive feature set containing 35 features. Thereby we found that the inclusion of features that capture changes in the activation state of appliances provides the best occupancy detection accuracy.