Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How communication departments contribute to corporate success

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify and demonstrate the core contributions of communication departments to organizational success beyond traditional ideas of messaging or information distribution. The main aim is to develop a better understanding of the different facets of value that the communication function delivers by introducing a distinction between strategic and operational contributions, following established management models. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on an extensive literature review at the nexus of communication management and strategic management research and ten qualitative case studies in large, internationally operating German organizations from different industries, combining in-depth interviews and document analyses. Findings The newly developed Communications Contributions Framework demonstrates that communications serve the corporation in four strategic and operational dimensions and emphasizes the critical role of communications in reflecting and adjusting organizational strategies, i.e. through identifying opportunities to innovate or securing intangible assets. Practical implications The paper outlines different application scenarios for how the new framework can be used in practice, i.e. as a multi-faceted rationale for explaining the impact of communication departments in the language of top management and reporting communication success in the logic of business. Originality/value The framework provides the first theoretically and empirically based “big picture” of communications’ contributions to corporate success, designed to lay ground for further discussions both in academia and in practice.
The Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) Establishes a Trafficking Vesicle Pool Responsible for Its Regulation

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is the rate-limiting step for sodium reabsorption across tight epithelia. Cyclic-AMP (cAMP) stimulation promotes ENaC trafficking to the apical surface to increase channel number and transcellular Na+ transport. Removal of corticosteroid supplementation in a cultured cortical collecting duct cell line reduced ENaC expression. Concurrently, the number of vesicles trafficked in response to cAMP stimulation, as measured by a change in membrane capacitance, also decreased. Stimulation with aldosterone restored both the basal and cAMP-stimulated ENaC activity and increased the number of exocytosed vesicles. Knocking down ENaC directly decreased both the cAMP-stimulated short-circuit current and capacitance response in the presence of aldosterone. However, constitutive apical recycling of the Immunoglobulin A receptor was unaffected by alterations in ENaC expression or trafficking. Fischer Rat Thyroid cells, transfected with α,β,γ-mENaC had a significantly greater membrane capacitance response to cAMP stimulation compared to non-ENaC controls. Finally, immunofluorescent labeling and quantitation revealed a smaller number of vesicles in cells where ENaC expression was reduced. These findings indicate that ENaC is not a passive passenger in regulated epithelial vesicle trafficking, but plays a role in establishing and maintaining the pool of vesicles that respond to cAMP stimulation.
Longitudinal Evidence for Functional Specialization of the Neural Circuit Supporting Working Memory in the Human Brain

Although children perform more poorly than adults on many cognitive measures, they are better able to learn things such as language and music. These differences could result from the delayed specialization of neural circuits and asynchronies in the maturation of neural substrates required for learning. Working memory—the ability to hold information in mind that is no longer present in the environment—comprises a set of cognitive processes required for many, if not all, forms of learning. A critical neural substrate for working memory (the prefrontal cortex) continues to mature through early adulthood. What are the functional consequences of this late maturation for working memory? Using a longitudinal design, we show that although individuals recruit prefrontal cortex as expected during both early and late adolescence during a working memory task, this recruitment is correlated with behavior only in late adolescence. The hippocampus is also recruited, but only during early, and not late, adolescence. Moreover, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are coactive in early adolescence regardless of task demands or performance, in contrast to the pattern seen in late adolescents and adults, when these regions are coactive only under high task demands. Together, these data demonstrate that neural circuitry underlying working memory changes during adolescent development. The diminishing contribution of the hippocampus in working memory function with age is an important observation that informs questions about how children and adults learn differently.
Visitor Perceptions of Captive, Endangered Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus) Used as Photo Props in Jemaa El Fna Square, Marrakech, Morocco

ABSTRACT Visitors to Jemaa El Fna Square can pay to have their photograph taken with Barbary macaques. Our aim was to characterize visitors’ perceptions of such photo props, enabling demand-reducing interventions to be targeted appropriately and destination managers to maintain or enhance the visitor experience. Visitors to Jemaa El Fna (n = 513) were surveyed using a 25-item questionnaire including closed and open questions. Most visitors (88%) neither intended to use macaque photo props nor did; 7% either intended to or did use photo props; while 5% both used photo props and had intended to do so. Moroccans were more likely than foreigners to use macaque photo props or intend to do so. Among international visitors, those who had their photo taken or intended to were younger, with a lower level of education and lower income than those who neither had their photo taken nor intended to. Visitors who did not use photo props pitied the animals’ treatment, disapproved of captivity or exploitation, had concerns over hygiene or safety, and disliked trader harassment. Visitors who did use photo props valued novelty and contact with the animal, although half of them also described negative experiences including trader harassment and animal mistreatment. While 16% felt the presence of macaques makes Marrakech lively and interesting, 40% recognized risks to health and safety, and 57% thought Marrakech would be a better place without macaque photo props. Although 66% agreed the practice should be illegal, 80% were unaware that it is illegal. Only 25% correctly identified the Barbary macaque as endangered. Macaque photo props undermine current conservation objectives and legislation, contribute to Disneyfication of macaques, and may threaten the image of the destination; however, their appeal to a minority of visitors indicates a desire to interact with animals, which visitor education might divert toward more responsible tourism.
Effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation programmes on clinical outcomes at hospital transitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives Pharmacists play a role in providing medication reconciliation. However, data on effectiveness on patients’ clinical outcomes appear inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically investigate the effect of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation programmes on clinical outcomes at hospital transitions. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, IPA, CINHAL and PsycINFO from inception to December 2014. Included studies were all published studies in English that compared the effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation interventions to usual care, aimed at improving medication reconciliation programmes. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model, and subgroup analysis was conducted to determine the sources of heterogeneity. Results 17 studies involving 21 342 adult patients were included. Eight studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Most studies targeted multiple transitions and compared comprehensive medication reconciliation programmes including telephone follow-up/home visit, patient counselling or both, during the first 30 days of follow-up. The pooled relative risks showed a more substantial reduction of 67%, 28% and 19% in adverse drug event-related hospital revisits (RR 0.33; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.53), emergency department (ED) visits (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.92) and hospital readmissions (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.95) in the intervention group than in the usual care group, respectively. The pooled data on mortality (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.16) and composite readmission and/or ED visit (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00) did not differ among the groups. There was significant heterogeneity in the results related to readmissions and ED visits, however. Subgroup analyses based on study design and outcome timing did not show statistically significant results. Conclusion Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation programmes are effective at improving post-hospital healthcare utilisation. This review supports the implementation of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation programmes that include some component aimed at improving medication safety.
Setting the stage for ageing: life-course influences on neural health and implications for prevention science

This two-part thesis aimed to bring together health psychology and the emerging field of health neuroscience, building a greater understanding of cognitive health across a life-course and with a focus towards research that has public impact. The thesis is structured in two parts. Part 1 focused on health neuroscience, investigating two key factors that could impact MTL structure and memory processes within a multi-factor model (STAC-R). Chapter 2 looked at a potential genetic modifier of life-course cognition, BDNF. Results suggested differences in parahippocampal structure, and hippocampal-amygdala structural covariance dependent on the presence of a Met allele. Chapter 3 examined the relationship between physical activity, the above regions, and everyday memory function in healthy young adults. Results found no physical activity link with hippocampal or amygdala volume, or parahippocampal thickness. However, vigorous physical activity in study 2 was correlated with semantic memory and is discussed in the context of a multi-factor model of cognitive health. Part 2 focused on health psychology, aiming to identify factors that influence attitudes towards risk and safety in sports, with a view to ultimately guiding policy and interventions that could optimise cognitive development and minimise decline in laterlife. Chapter 4 acts as an introduction to literature on attitudes in sports related concussion, discussing theoretical models, and their role in three key areas; prevention, management, and symptomology. Chapter 5 utilised an online survey and a mixed-method approach to look at parental concussion attitudes and knowledge. Predictive factors are described in relation to parental knowledge and whether they would allow their children to engage in contact sports such as rugby and football. Further thematic analysis highlighted misperceptions of risk, genetic fatalism, and the importance of control. Sources of information and poor service awareness are discussed. The included work supports a multi-factor model of cognitive health over the lifecourse and suggests methods for effective knowledge transfer or intervention initiatives.
Combining Social Cognitive Theories with Linguistic Features for Multi-genre Sentiment Analysis

With the rapid development of social media and social networks, spontaneously user generated content like tweets and forum posts have become important materials for tracking people’s opinions and sentiments online. In this paper we investigate the limitations of traditional linguistic-based approaches to sentiment analysis when applied to these informal genres. Inspired by various social cognitive theories, we combine local linguistic features and global social evidence in a propagation scheme to improve sentiment analysis results. Without using any additional labeled data, this new approach obtains significant improvement (up to 12% higher accuracy) for various genres in the domain of presidential election.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE MECHANISMS OF PLATELET-ENDOTOXIN INTERACTION

Electron microscopy has confirmed previous studies and has provided much new information on the mechanism of endotoxin-platelet interaction. The Boivin lipopolysaccharide preparation is particulate, and on electron microscope examination appears as a three-layered structure, morphologically similar to bacterial cell wall. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that these endotoxin particles adhere to platelets. In some species, particularly the rabbit, this is associated with loss of platelet contents, due to lysosomal and cell membrane lysis, resulting in platelet sphering and apparent cell death. Serial observation of degranulating platelets and metabolic studies indicate that although some platelet engulfment of endotoxin occurs, degranulation is not dependent upon phagocytosis. Several observations suggest that these endotoxin effects are mediated through immune mechanisms: (1) Inactivation of complement in the suspending plasma by heating to 56°C, anticoagulation with EDTA, a reaction temperature of 5°C, ammonium hydroxide incubation, and adsorption with either zymosan or washed antigen-antibody complexes, inhibits both endotoxin adherence and platelet degranulation. (2) The reaction requires a plasma cofactor, possibly antibody, which can be adsorbed out by endotoxin. (3) Endotoxin adheres selectively to nonprimate platelets and primate red cells, a pattern conforming to immune adherence, a phenomenon requiring antigen, antibody, and complement. It is suggested that endotoxin-induced platelet damage is dependent upon the intimate contact provided by immune adherence. We have not established whether degranulation is an endotoxin or complement effect. The species variation in susceptibility to endotoxin also merits further investigation.
Neutral Hydrogen Absorption toward XTE J1810–197: The Distance to a Radio-emitting Magnetar

We have used the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to measure H I absorption against the anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810–197. Using a flat rotation curve, we find that XTE J1810–197 is located at a distance of 3.4 ± 0.6 kpc. The Galactic bar, however, does have an influence on Galactic rotation velocities that impacts the distance estimate of XTE J1810–197. When rotation curve models that include the Galactic bar are used, we find that XTE J1810–197 is located in the distance range of 3.1-4.3 kpc. From information gleaned from the literature, we find an upper limit on the distance to XTE J1810–197 of 4 kpc based on its infrared detection, its location just in front of an Infrared Dark Cloud (G10.74-0.13), and a measurement of the infrared absorption versus distance for this line of sight. Our best determination for the distance to XTE J1810–197 is thus 3.1-4 kpc. This distance, 3.1-4 kpc, is consistent with the distance to XTE J1810–197 of about 3.3 kpc derived from its dispersion measure, and estimates of 2-5 kpc obtained from fits to its X-ray spectra. We also used the GBT in an attempt to measure absorption in the four OH 18 cm lines against XTE J1810–197. We were unsuccessful in this, mainly because of its declining radio flux density. Analysis of H I 21 cm, OH 18 cm, and 12CO(2→ 1) emission toward XTE J1810–197 allows us to place a lower limit of NH≳ 4.6 × 1021 cm−2 on the nonionized hydrogen column density to XTE J1810–197, consistent with estimates obtained from fits to its X-ray spectra.
Educating for critical thinking in university: The criticality of critical thinking in education and everyday life

Abstract: Nowadays, both on-line and "off-line" lives seem to be bound to the terms of democratization of information. While this brings clear advantages, does free and fast access to plenty of information entail that individuals are better informed and well-equipped to think reasonably, make decisions, and solve problems? In a time apparently governed by fraudulent decision-makers, floppy media, fake news, and frantic information, it is essential to know how to think critically. Critical thinking is crucial along schooling, in the world of work, in personal everyday life, and in life as members of a society. Nonetheless, critical thinking is not innate and effortless; it must be developed and mobilized with deliberation in a systematic way. Researchers and international agencies agree that it is critical to have critical thinking to face present-futurist challenges such as the United Nation's 17 Sustainable Development Goals . But before individuals learn to become critical thinkers, teachers themselves need teacher education opportunities to learn how to use their critical thinking abilities, and how to spark students' critical thinking potential and promote it. Here, the role played by education in developing critical thinking is stressed, and specific teaching-learning strategies that have shown to be effective are identified. Keywords: critical thinking, higher education, teacher education, transference, 4 Cs *** Resume: Aujourd'hui, les vies en et "hors" ligne semblent etre liees aux termes de la democratisation de l'information. Bien que cela apporte des avantages, un acces libre et rapide a de nombreuses informations implique-t-il que les individus sont mieux informes et mieux outilles pour penser raisonnablement, prendre des decisions et resoudre des problemes? Dans un temps apparemment gouverne par des decideurs frauduleux, medias bâcles, fausses nouvelles, et informations frenetiques, il est essentiel de savoir comment penser de facon critique. La pensee critique est indispensable au long de la scolarite, dans le monde du travail, la vie quotidienne et la vie en societe. Neanmoins, la pensee critique doit etre developpe et mobilise avec deliberation de maniere systematique. Les chercheurs et les agences internationales s'accordent a dire qu'il est essentiel d'avoir une pensee critique pour faire face aux defis actuels-futuristes tels que les 17 Objectifs de Developpement Durable des Nations Unies. Mais avant que les individus apprennent a devenir des penseurs critiques, les enseignants ont besoin d'opportunites de formation pour apprendre a utiliser leurs capacites de pensee critique, et comment stimuler le potentiel de pensee critique des eleves. Ici, le role joue par l'education dans le developpement de la pensee critique est souligne, et des strategies specifiques d'enseignement-apprentissage qui se sont revelees efficaces sont identifiees. Mots-cles: pensee critique, enseignement superieur, formation des enseignants, transfert, 4 Cs
A mechanism aiding simultaneously reciprocal mating in snails

The majority of hermaphroditic animals mate on a given occasion as either male or female, but terrestrial snails and slugs generally mate reciprocally with each partner participating in both sexual roles. This manner of mating requires that the genitalia be exactly opposed prior to copulation attempts, a task made difficult in snails and slugs by the absence of hearing and very limited vision. In the brown garden snail, Cornu aspersum (Muller, 1774), we found that a small pro- truding structure associated with the genital atrium plays an important role in positioning the snails prior to copulation. Le- sions of the penial lobe reduced mating success rates, delayed mating, increased the number of attempted intromissions, and increased the number of unilateral intromissions. The sensory capacity of the penial lobe is demonstrated by histologi- cal and electrophysiological evidence, and behavioral data suggest that the lobe is also a stimulus for the partner snail. A literature review suggests that structures functionally equivalent to the penial lobe may be present in many gastropod mol- luscs that mate simultaneously and reciprocally, but in none that mate in other ways. Resume´ : Quand la plupart des animaux hermaphrodites s'accouplent, ils agissent soit en tant que male ou femelle; par contre, les escargots et les limaces s'accouplent en general reciproquement et chaque animal agit tant comme male que fe- melle. Pour que ce style d'accouplement reciproque reussisse, les organes genitaux des deux animaux doivent etre alignes avant que les essais d'accouplement commencent. Cet alignement est compliquepar le fait que ces animaux n'ont que peu de vision et aucune audition. L'escargot, le petit gris, Cornu aspersum (Muller, 1774), a une petite eminence qui fait partie de l'atrium genital; cette eminence joue un role important dans le positionnement des escargots avant l'accouplement. Des lesions au lobe penien reduisent le nombre d'accouplement reussis, augmentent le temps requis pour obtenir un accouple- ment et augmentent aussi le nombre d'intromissions tentees et le nombre d'intromissions unilaterales. La capacitesenso- rielle du lobe penien est demontree par les resultats des experiences des etudes histologiques et electrophysiologiques. En plus, les donnees comportementales indiquent que le lobe penien agit comme un stimulus pour le partenaire. Une revue de la literature indique que des structures qui ont la meme fonction que le lobe penien sont presentes chez les mollusques gastropodes qui s'accouplent simultanement et reciproquement, mais pas chez ceux qui s'accouplent autrement.
Pentylenetetrazole Kindling Epilepsy Model

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders affecting approximately 1% of the general population, and no alleviation was achieved in one third of the patients medicated with antiepileptic drugs. Current treatments of epilepsy are symptomatic and have more anti-seizure effects than antiepileptic effects. These therapies do not cure epilepsy. Basic mechanisms of epilepsy have not entirely been clarified yet. Using seizure and epilepsy animal models, our comprehension about basic mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis has improved. In addition, animal models of epilepsy and seizures are very useful in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is widely used in antiepileptic drug discovery studies, and PTZ kindling model is very important to understand the pathophysiology of epilepsy. In this review, current information about PTZ kindling model was given in this aspect.
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: so-called psychiatric comorbidity and underlying defense mechanisms

In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) do not have a unique classification as they can be found within different categories: conversion, dissociative, and somatization disorders. The ICD-10, instead, considers PNES within dissociative disorders, merging the dissociative disorders and conversion disorders, although the underlying defense mechanisms are different. The literature data show that PNES are associated with cluster B (mainly borderline) personality disorders and/or to people with depressive or anxiety disorders. Defense mechanisms in patients with PNES with a prevalence of anxious/depressive symptoms are of “neurotic” type; their goal is to lead to a “split”, either vertical (dissociation) or horizontal (repression). The majority of patients with this type of PNES have alexithymia traits, meaning that they had difficulties in feeling or perceiving emotions. In subjects where PNES are associated with a borderline personality, in which the symbolic function is lost, the defense mechanisms are of a more archaic nature (denial). PNES with different underlying defense mechanisms have different prognoses (despite similar severity of PNES) and need usually a different treatment (pharmacological or psychological). Thus, it appears superfluous to talk about psychiatric comorbidity, since PNES are a different symptomatic expression of specific psychiatric disorders.