Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fair society, healthy lives : the Marmot Review : strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010.

Building off the previous presentation, Michael G. Marmot noted that equity and poverty are important topics to discuss for two reasons: (1) the degree of poverty and social disadvantage can render people more susceptible to environmental challenges, and (2) these issues can be addressed by aligning policies on the physical and biological environ­ ments with those on the social environment. He pointed out that three major reviews support this approach: (1) Closing the Gap in a Gener­ ation (2008) from the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, (2) Fair Society, Healthy Lives: The Marmot Review (2010) from the Stra­ tegic Review of Health Inequalities in England, and (3) Review of Social Determinants of Health and the Health Divide in the WHO European Region: Final Report (2013). He stated that the European Review utilized a model based on the accumulation of positive and negative effects on health and well-being during the life course stages (prenatal, early years, working ages [16 to 64 years], and older ages) from the wider society, the broader macrolevel (which includes topics that Oswald Spring presented), and systems of governance. Marmot explained that all societies have social hierarchies, but the magnitude of health and equity that follows from social and economic inequity is not the same in different countries. When comparing the absolute inequality in male death rates by level of education across European countries, the mag­ nitude varies enormously, with countries in Eastern Europe experiencing much greater inequalities than countries in the west, north, and south (Mackenbach et al., 2008).
Measurement of D-D-bar mixing using the ratio of lifetimes for the decays D-->K- pi + and K+K-

We measure the rate of D 0 - (cid:1) D 0 mixing with the observable y CP ¼ ð (cid:1) K(cid:2) =(cid:1) KK Þ (cid:1) 1 , where (cid:1) KK and (cid:1) K(cid:2) are, respectively, the mean lifetimes of CP -even D 0 ! K þ K (cid:1) and CP -mixed D 0 ! K (cid:1) (cid:2) þ decays, using a data sample of 384 fb (cid:1) 1 collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory. From a sample of D 0 and (cid:1) D 0 decays where the initial ﬂavor of the decaying meson is not determined, we obtain y CP ¼ ½ 1 : 12 (cid:2) 0 : 26 ð stat Þ (cid:2) 0 : 22 ð syst Þ(cid:3) % , which excludes the no-mixing hypothesis at 3 : 3 (cid:3) , including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. This result is in good agreement with a previous BABAR measurement of y CP obtained from a sample of D (cid:4)þ ! D 0 (cid:2) þ events, where the D 0 decays to K (cid:1) (cid:2) þ , K þ K (cid:1) , and (cid:2) þ (cid:2) (cid:1) , which is disjoint with the untagged D 0 events used here. Combining the two results taking into account statistical and systematic uncertainties, where the systematic uncertainties are assumed to be 100% correlated, we ﬁnd y CP ¼ ½ 1 : 16 (cid:2) 0 : 22 ð stat Þ (cid:2) 0 : 18 ð syst Þ(cid:3) % , which excludes the no-mixing hypothesis at 4 : 1 (cid:3)
Personal traits as antecedents towards intention to use: A perspective of a government EDMS adoption in Indonesia

This study examines factors that affect user adoption of an electronic document management system. The underlying research model was based on theories of technology acceptance model (TAM), with emphasis on individual traits as external variables, which include social influence, facilitating condition, self efficacy, and user training. The study took place in the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia, with a total of 106 respondents. Data were analyzed using co-variance based SEM aided by AMOS 21. The results yielded three variables, namely, social influence, user training and self efficacy having positive correlation towards perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which in turns affects intention to use.
Classroom Decision-Making: Negotiation and Process Syllabuses in Practice

1. The significance of negotiation 2. Negotiated evaluation in an ESL context. 3. Negotiating assessment with secondary school pupils 4. Introducing negotiation processes: an experiment with creative project work. 5. "We do what we like": Negotiated classroom work with Hungarian children 6. Is a negotiated syllabus feasible within a national curriculum? 7. Refining negotiated classroom work in a Spanish secondary school 8. Negotiation in tertiary education: clashes with the dominant educational culture 9. Syllabus negotiation in a school of nursing 10. Negotiating the syllabus: learning needs analysis through pictures 11. Reality therapy: using negotiated work in a technical writing class 12. Negotiation of outcome: evaluation and revision decisions in the Writing Curriculum 13. Learners, practitioners, teachers: diamond spotting and negotiating the role boundaries 14. A Process Syllabus in a methodology course: experiences, beliefs, challenges 15. Discourse, process and reflection in teacher education 16. Negotiation, process, content, and participants' experience in a process syllabus for ELT Professionals 17. Negotiation as a participatory dialogue 18. The practicalities of negotiation.
The Consequences of Technostress for End Users in Organizations: Conceptual Development and Empirical Validation

The research reported in this paper studies the phenomenon of technostress, that is, stress experienced by end users of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and examines its influence on their job satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and intention to stay. Drawing from the Transaction-Based Model of stress and prior research on the effects of ICTs on end users, we first conceptually build a nomological net for technostress to understand the influence of technostress on three variables relating to end users of ICTs: job satisfaction, and organizational and continuance commitment. Because there are no prior instruments to measure constructs related to technostress, we develop and empirically validate two second order constructs: technostress creators (i.e., factors that create stress from the use of ICTs) and technostress inhibitors (i.e., organizational mechanisms that reduce stress from the use of ICTs). We test our conceptual model using data from the responses of 608 end users of ICTs from multiple organizations to a survey questionnaire. Our results, based on structural equation modeling (SEM), show that technostress creators decrease job satisfaction, leading to decreased organizational and continuance commitment, while Technostress inhibitors increase job satisfaction and organizational and continuance commitment. We also find that age, gender, education, and computer confidence influence technostress. The implications of these results and future research directions are discussed.
Single-parent family forms and children’s educational performance in a comparative perspective: effects of school’s share of single-parent families

Living in a single-parent family is negatively related with children’s educational performance compared to living with 2 biological parents. In this article, we aim to find out to what extent the context of the school’s share of single-parent families affects this negative relationship. We use pooled data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), that is, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 and 2003, which contain information on 209,300 students at 11,887 schools in 25 countries. We found that attending a school with more children from single-parent families affects the educational performance of all children negatively, but it particularly harms children from single-mother families. Furthermore, we have indications that in countries in which the number of single-parent families is higher, the negative effect of attending a school with a higher share of single-parent families decreases, except for the US.
Equity, Emotion, and Household Division of Labor Response

Building upon insights generated by social psychological scholarship on equity, emotions, and identity, we use the General Social Survey (1996) Modules on Emotion and Gender and the National Survey of Family and Households (1992—1994) to investigate the relationship between perceived inequity in the household division of labor and emotion. These surveys enable us to assess the degree to which patterns identified in short-term laboratory studies of relative strangers are generalizable to enduring relationships among intimates. We move beyond existing studies that link inequity in the home with depression by incorporating a broader scope of emotions and further by distinguishing between underbenefiting and overbenefiting—i.e., doing what one considers more or less than one’s fair share—and by examining these processes for women and men. We find general support for principles of equity theory: That is, emotions are closely tied to perceived inequity in the division of household labor. Guided by insights from Kemper’s structural interactional theory of emotion and affect control theory, we show that this pattern differs by specific emotions, the direction of the inequity, and the sex of the perceiver. Implications for understanding emotion, equity theory, and family are then elaborated.
Apolipoprotein E metabolism and functions in brain and its role in Alzheimer's disease

Purpose of review APOE4 genotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Prevailing evidence suggests that amyloid &bgr; plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this article is to review the recent findings about the metabolism of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and amyloid &bgr; and other possible mechanisms by which ApoE contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Recent findings ApoE isoforms have differential effects on amyloid &bgr; metabolism. Recent studies demonstrated that ApoE-interacting proteins, such as ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and LDL receptor, may be promising therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Activation of liver X receptor and retinoid X receptor pathway induces ABCA1 and other genes, leading to amyloid &bgr; clearance. Inhibition of the negative regulators of ABCA1, such as microRNA-33, also induces ABCA1 and decreases the levels of ApoE and amyloid &bgr;. In addition, genetic inactivation of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein, increases LDL receptor levels and inhibits amyloid accumulation. Although amyloid &;-dependent pathways have been extensively investigated, there have been several recent studies linking ApoE with vascular function, neuroinflammation, metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and transcriptional regulation. For example, ApoE was identified as a ligand for a microglial receptor, TREM2, and studies suggested that ApoE may affect the TREM2-mediated microglial phagocytosis. Summary Emerging data suggest that ApoE affects several amyloid &bgr;-independent pathways. These underexplored pathways may provide new insights into Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. However, it will be important to determine to what extent each mechanism contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
THYROID CANCER AND RADON LINK? A PREVIEW OF A HOSPITAL STUDY IN COLORADO SPRINGS, CO

A case-control study looking at a possible correlation between indoor radon exposure and thyroid cancer is just beginning in the Colorado Springs area. The study was prompted by an observation by one of the principal investigators of the high incidence of thyroid nodules and cancers in her practice compared to the previous location at which she worked in Florida. A study has been designed which selects the cases (people with thyroid cancer) and the controls (those without thyroid cancer) from a local endocrinologist with a very large practice (hence the name, hospital study). The controls are to be matched to the cases by gender, age, smoking habits and the area of the city in which they live. It was originally envisioned that 48-hour charcoal canister results would be used to predict long-term average radon concentration. However, this plan is being reconsidered because of logistical problems and it is much more likely that longterm tests (alpha track detectors) will be employed. Exposure will be estimated from information gathered in a form filled out by the participants in which they report the time they lived in the house and the level of the house most occupied. Because no information exists concerning the exposure to radon gas and thyroid cancer, it was thought prudent to limit participants to people who have lived in their homes for at least 3 years prior to the diagnosis of thyroid cancer or, in the case of controls, people who have lived in the same house for three or more years. It is anticipated that there will be approximately 300 cases and an equal number of controls. MOTIVATION One of us (Dumbacher) has a medical practice as a family physician in Colorado Springs and has observed that she has seen more thyroid cancers and non-malignant nodules of the thyroid since moving her practice to Colorado Springs from Florida. This observation, along with her deep interest in radon-related health concerns, led her to an hypothesis of a possible radon-thyroid cancer link, which resulted in a collaboration with the Radon Measurements Lab housed at the University of Colorado-Colorado Springs and a
New deal option effects on employment entry and unemployment exit

This paper uses propensity score matching techniques to evaluate the impact of new deal options on the chances of exiting unemployment for a cohort of entrants to the new deal for young people in Scotland between September 1998 and February 1999. The paper uses information from the new deal evaluation database and from a two‐stage survey based on a random sample of the cohort. It finds that the employment option was the most effective of the new deal options, both in terms of increasing the likelihood of exit from unemployment by February 2001 and increasing the amount of time spent off by JSA from February 2000 to February 2001. Remaining on the Gateway was the next most effective route for clients to take with regard to reducing the amount of time spent on JSA and increasing the likelihood of JSA exit.
For richer, for poorer : the changing distribution of income in the United Kingdom, 1961-91

This article describes the changing patterns in income inequality and real living standards over the last 30 years. Whilst it is well documented that inequality has been rising since 1979,2 there is rather less information on how the pattern of inequality changed in the period up to 1979. This study is based on an analysis of detailed information on the incomes and characteristics of around 200,000 households between 1961 and 1991, and provides for the first time ever a consistent description of trends in household incomes over such a long period.
Robot assisted activity at a health service facility for the aged for 17 months: an interim report of long-term experiment

A long-term experiment of robot assisted activity for elderly people has been conducted at a health service facility for the aged since Aug. 2003. Three therapeutic seal robots, Paro, were introduced there. This paper describes the results of the experiment for 17 months. Face scales that consist of illustrations of person's faces were used to evaluate person's moods. In addition, geriatric depression scales were used to measure person's depression by questionnaires. As the results, feelings of the elderly people were improved by interaction with the seal robots.
Immediate Adverse Reactions to Gadolinium-Based MR Contrast Media: A Retrospective Analysis on 10,608 Examinations

Background and Purpose. Contrast media (CM) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may determine the development of acute adverse reactions. Objective was to retrospectively assess the frequency and severity of adverse reactions associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) injection in patients who underwent MRI. Material and Methods. At our center 10608 MRI examinations with CM were performed using five different GBCAs: Gd-BOPTA (MultiHance), Gd-DTPA (Magnevist), Gd-EOBDTPA (Primovist), Gd-DOTA (Dotarem), and Gd-BTDO3A (Gadovist). Results. 32 acute adverse reactions occurred, accounting for 0.3% of all administration. Twelve reactions were associated with Gd-DOTA injection (0.11%), 9 with Gd-BOPTA injection (0.08%), 6 with Gd-BTDO3A (0.056%), 3 with Gd-EOB-DTPA (0.028%), and 2 with Gd-DTPA (0.018%). Twenty-four reactions (75.0%) were mild, four (12.5%) moderate, and four (12.5%) severe. The most severe reactions were seen associated with use of Gd-BOPTA, with 3 severe reactions in 32 total reactions. Conclusion. Acute adverse reactions are generally rare with the overall adverse reaction rate of 0.3%. The most common adverse reactions were not severe, consisting in skin rash and hives.
The Timing and Terms of Takeovers Under Uncertainty: A Real Options Approach

This paper presents a dynamic model for the timing and terms of mergers, stock offers and cash offers when the output price for firms is stochastic and when firms have complete information. We show that takeovers motivated by increased returns to scale or by decreased unit production costs are procyclical. Mergers are modelled as the outcome of a Nash equilibrium in which both companies simultaneously determine the timing and terms of the restructuring, whereas stock and cash offers are the outcome of a Stackelberg leader follower equilibrium in which the target first fixes its reservation bid premium and the acquirer subsequently decides on the timing of the takeover. For mergers, each firm's cumulative return consists of a synergy effect that rises with the increase in its production scale parameter. With tender offers, the target's synergy effect is augmented by a bid premium that is increasing in the output price volatility, the acquirer's return and the bidder to target size ratio. The timing of mergers is shown to be globally efficient. Separation of the timing decision and the terms decision causes stock offers and cash offers to happen inefficiently late. Pure cash offers happen even later than stock offers because the acquirer's payoff has optionlike features, whereas the target's has not. Delaying the restructuring therefore favors the acquirer at the expense of the target.
Serum glutathione transferase does not respond to indole-3-carbinol: A pilot study

Background: Despite the well recognized protective effect of cruciferous vegetables against various cancers, including human colorectal cancers, little is known about how this effect is conferred. It is thought that some phytochemicals found only in these vegetables confer the protection. These compounds include the glucosinolates, of which indole-3-carbinol is one. They are known to induce carcinogen-metabolizing (phase II) enzymes, including the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. Other effects in humans are not well documented. We wished to assess the effect of indole-3-carbinol on GST enzymes. Methods: We carried out a placebo-controlled human volunteer study. All patients were given 400 mg daily of indole-3-carbinol for three months, followed by placebo. Serum samples were tested for the GSTM1 genotype by polymerase chain reaction. Serum GST levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blot methodologies. Results: Forty-nine volunteers completed the study. GSTM1 genotypes were obtained for all but two volunteers. A slightly greater proportion of volunteers were GSTM1-positive, in keeping with the general population. GST was detected in all patients. Total GST level was not affected by indole-3-carbinol dosing compared with placebo. Although not statistically significant, the GSTM1 genotype affected the serum GST level response to indole-3-carbinol. Conclusion: Indole-3-carbinol does not alter total serum GST levels during prolonged dosing.
Robust speaker identification based on perceptual log area ratio and Gaussian mixture models

This paper presents a new feature for speaker identification called perceptual log area ratio (PLAR). PLAR is closely related to the log area ratio (LAR) feature. PLAR is derived from the perceptual linear prediction (PLP) rather than the linear predictive coding (LPC). The PLAR feature derived from PLP is more robust to noise than the LAR feature. In this paper, PLAR, LAR and MFCC features were tested in a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based speaker identification system. The F-ratio feature analysis showed that the lower order PLAR and LAR coefficients are superior in classification performance to their MFCC counterparts. The text-independent, closed-set speaker identification accuracies, as tested on KING, YOHO and the down-sampled version of TIMIT databases were 98.81%, 85.29%, 97.045% using PLAR, 97.92%, 61.76%, 94.76% using LAR and 96.73%, 84.31%, 96.48% using MFCC. Those results showed that PLAR is better than LAR and MFCC in both clean and noisy environments.
The State of the Art

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) first appeared in Guangdong Province, China, in November 2002. Although virus isolation and serology were useful early in the SARS outbreak for diagnosing new cases, these tests are not generally useful because virus culture requires a BSL-3 laboratory and seroconversion is often delayed until 2 to 3 weeks after infection. The first qualitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-coronavirus (CoV) were sensitive and capable of detecting 1 to 10 genome equivalents. These assays were quickly supplemented with quantitative real-time assays that helped elucidate the natural history of SARS, particularly the initial presence of low viral loads in the upper respiratory tract and high viral loads in the lower respiratory tract. The unique natural history of SARS-CoV infection dictates the testing of both respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens, the testing of multiple specimens from the same patient, and sending out positives to be confirmed by a reference laboratory. Commercially available reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS have recently appeared; however, meaningful evaluations of these assays have not yet been performed and their true performance has not been determined. These and other issues related to diagnosis of SARS-CoV infection are discussed in this review. (J Mol Diagn 2005, 7:551–559)
Star Formation History since z = 1.5 as Inferred from Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Density Evolution

We investigate the evolution of the universal rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity density from z = 1.5 to the present. We analyze an extensive sample of multicolor data (U, BAB, VAB = 24.5) plus spectroscopic redshifts from the Hawaii Survey Fields and the Hubble Deep Field. Our multicolor data allow us to select our sample in the rest-frame ultraviolet (2500 Å) over the entire redshift range to z = 1.5. We conclude that the evolution in the luminosity density is a function of the form (1 + z)1.7 ± 1.0 for a flat lambda (Ωm0 = 0.3, Ωλ0 = 0.7) cosmology and (1 + z)2.4 ± 1.0 for an Einstein–de Sitter cosmology.