Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary and secondary sensory trigeminal projections in a cyprinid teleost, carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Primary and secondary sensory trigeminal projections were studied by means of tract‐tracing methods in a cyprinid teleost, the carp. Tracer injections into the trigeminal nerve root labeled terminals in the ipsilateral principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, descending trigeminal nucleus, medial funicular nucleus, facial lobe, and medial part of posterior lateral valvular nucleus. The principal sensory trigeminal nucleus is considered a major origin of the secondary sensory trigeminal projections in teleosts. To investigate the secondary sensory trigeminal projections, tracer injections were performed into the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus. The present study suggests that the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus projects to the bilateral ventromedial thalamic nucleus, periventricular pretectal nucleus, stratum album centrale of the optic tectum, caudomedial region of lateral preglomerular nucleus, ventrolateral nucleus of semicircular torus, medial part of rostral and posterior lateral valvular nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus, facial motor nucleus, superior and inferior reticular formation, descending trigeminal nucleus, medial funicular nucleus, inferior olive, and to the contralateral sensory trigeminal nucleus. These observations indicate that the primary and secondary trigeminal sensory projections of a cyprinid teleost, the carp, are similar to those in percomorph teleosts. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:626–644, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supporting Multiple Information-Seeking Strategies in a Single System Framework

This paper reports on an experiment comparing the retrieval effectiveness of an interactive information retrieval (IIR) system which adapts to support different information seeking strategies, with that of a standard baseline IIR system. The experiment, with 32 subjects each searching on 8 different topics, indicates that using the integrated IIR system resulted in significantly better performance, including user satisfaction with search results, significantly more effective interaction, and significantly better usability than using the baseline system.
The Relationship Between Members' Trust and Participation in the Governance of Cooperatives: The Role of Organizational Commitment

This paper aims to explain the participative behavior of farmers-members of agricultural cooperatives in the governance of the latter. The study introduces two concepts from the organizational behavior literature: trust and organizational commitment. It tests a mediator effect of commitment in the relationship between the trust a farmer has in the cooperative and his/her participa-tive behavior in its governance. Based on a sample of 259 members of French agricultural cooperatives, results showed that affective commitment had a mediating role in the relationship be-tween trust and participation in the governance of cooperatives, notwithstanding the cognitive or affective nature of trust.
Next-Term Student Performance Prediction: A Recommender Systems Approach

An enduring issue in higher education is student retention to successful graduation. National statistics indicate that most higher education institutions have four-year degree completion rates around 50%, or just half of their student populations. While there are prediction models which illuminate what factors assist with college student success, interventions that support course selections on a semester-to-semester basis have yet to be deeply understood. To further this goal, we develop a system to predict students’ grades in the courses they will enroll in during the next enrollment term by learning patterns from historical transcript data coupled with additional information about students, courses and the instructors teaching them. We explore a variety of classic and state-of-the-art techniques which have proven effective for recommendation tasks in the e-commerce domain. In our experiments, Factorization Machines (FM), Random Forests (RF), and the Personalized Multi-Linear Regression model achieve the lowest prediction error. Application of a novel feature selection technique is key to the predictive success and interpretability of the FM. By comparing feature importance across populations and across models, we uncover strong connections between instructor characteristics and student performance. We also discover key differences between transfer and non-transfer students. Ultimately we find that a hybrid FM-RF method can be used to accurately predict grades for both new and returning students taking both new and existing courses. Application of these techniques holds promise for student degree planning, instructor interventions, and personalized advising, all of which could improve retention and academic performance.
Evaluating Beginning Reading Software for At-Risk Learners.

Beginning reading software programs may be one way to provide at-risk readers the additional instruction and practice they need to attain grade-level expectations. Criteria such as interface design, instructional design, and beginning reading content (phonological awareness and alphabetic understanding) are all important considerations when selecting software for the early grades; therefore, the analytic base for evaluating these computerized reading resources must be derived from two seemingly discrete professions: early reading education and instructional technology. This article presents a cross-disciplinary framework for evaluating software for children with reading difficulties and provides examples of how interface design, instructional design, and reading content can be assessed. The article concludes with general predictions of what practitioners will find with regard to existing beginning reading software. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 57–70, 2006.
An examination of the tripartite approach to commitment: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis of the effect of relational maintenance behavior

A consistently reported finding is that indicators of relationship quality reflect a strong association with relational maintenance behaviors (Stafford, 2002). The present study conceptualized one such indicator, commitment, as a multidimensional, tripartite phenomenon (Johnson, 1991, 1999) to examine its persistent association with maintenance behaviors over two time periods. Using an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000), the overall results revealed that actors' and partners' experience of personal commitment at time 2 was significantly associated with maintenance strategy use reported at time 1. Whereas the analysis of moral commitment showed a similar pattern of actor effects, the partner effects suggest spouses' experience of moral commitment may be more strongly connected to their partners' use of maintenance behavior than that of personal commitment. However, analysis of actors' and partners' experience of structural commitment revealed few significant associations with relational maintenance. Implications for the tripartite approach and relationship maintenance are discussed.
The effects of leadership dimensions, safety climate, and assigned priorities on minor injuries in work groups

This study is based on three premises: (a) Leadership style affects the level of concern for subordinate safety; (b) Concern for safety, operationalized with supervisory practices, provides the source for safety climate perceptions; and (c) Safety priority as assigned by higher superiors influences supervisory safety practice independently of leadership style. Assigned safety priority was expected to moderate the relationship between leadership style and injury rate in organizational subunits, with safety climate mediating this leadership–injury relationship due to its demonstrable effect on safety behavior. A within-group split-sample analysis of 42 work groups, coupled with prospective design, indicated that transformational and constructive leadership predicted injury rate, while corrective leadership provided indirect, conditional prediction. Leadership effects were moderated by assigned safety priorities and mediated by commensurate safety-climate variables. The results suggest that transformational and transactional leadership provide complementary modes of (mediated and moderated) influence on safety behavior of group members. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Informal Student-Faculty Intraction: Its Relationship to Eductional Gains in Science and Mathematics Among Community College Students

The central purpose of this study was to examine the connection between informal student-faculty interaction, the perceived quality of effort asserted in science courses, and perceived educational gains in science and mathematics-based courses for community college students within the context of Pace's (1979) concept of social and academic involvement. Pace's "quality of effort" concept of social and academic involvement assumes that the effects of college on students' differential patterns of growth and development can be assessed through the efforts students expend in utilizing the resources provided by higher education institutions. A path analytic model is proposed for the present study operationalizing constructs developed from previous research on the positive influences of informal student-faculty interaction on students' academic achievement in science and mathematics. This examination tested the hypothesized model's applicability in the study of the disparity between men and women persisting in science- and mathematics-based majors.
Being Secure Means Being Willing to Say You're Sorry: Attachment Style and the Communication of Relational Dissatisfaction and Disengagement

The present study examines the influence of attachment style on the communication choices people make in response to relational dissatisfaction and disengagement. A path analysis models these choices, showing that a secure attachment style predicts the use of voice and de-escalation. A preoccupied style predicts neglect, loyalty, and de-escalation. A dismissing-avoidant style also leads to neglect and loyalty, but predicts behavioural de-escalation. Finally, a fearful-avoidant style indicates more limited communication choices and relational exit. The model shows the possibility of strategically made communication choices changing the results of these attachment style outcomes. Pathways through the model show that active communication choices lead to more positive long-term relational outcomes and passive choices predict relational challenges.
Alfalfa root nodule carbon dioxide fixation : I. Association with nitrogen fixation and incorporation into amino acids.

In vivo CO(2) fixation activity and in vitro phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity were demonstrated in effective and ineffective nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and in the nodules of four other legume species. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity was greatly reduced in nodules from both host and bacterially conditioned ineffective alfalfa nodules as compared to effective alfalfa nodules.Forage harvest and nitrate application reduced both in vivo and in vitro CO(2) fixation activity. By day 11, forage harvest resulted in a 42% decline in in vitro nodule phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity while treatment with either 40 or 80 kilograms nitrogen per hectare reduced activity by 65%. In vitro specific activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glutamate synthase were positively correlated with each other and both were positively correlated with acetylene reduction activity.The distribution of radioactivity in the nodules of control plants (unharvested, 0 kilograms nitrogen per hectare) averaged 73% into the organic acid and 27% into the amino acid fraction. In nodules from harvested plants treated with nitrate, near equal distribution of radioactivity was observed in the organic acid (52%) and amino acid (48%) fractions by day 8. Recovery to control distribution occurred only in those nodules whose in vitro phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity recovered.The results demonstrate that CO(2) fixation is correlated with nitrogen fixation in alfalfa nodules. The maximum rate of CO(2) fixation for attached and detached alfalfa nodules at low CO(2) concentrations (0.13-0.38% CO(2)) were 18.3 and 4.9 nanomoles per hour per milligram dry weight, respectively. Nodule CO(2) fixation was estimated to provide 25% of the carbon required for assimilation of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in alfalfa.
Parenting stress and postnatal depression

Thirty-eight mothers with postnatal depression (PND) and their spouses were assessed 3, 6 and 12 months after the birth of their infant on the Parenting Stress Index. Compared to 46 non-depressed controls, PND mothers rated their child as less reinforcing, less acceptable, less adaptable, more moody and more demanding. They rated themselves as less competent, less emotionally attached to the child, less healthy, more depressed and more socially isolated, with a poor relationship with their spouse and a more restricted lifestyle. These differences persisted over the 3-12-month period, even though the level of depression decreased. Partners of PND mothers also rated themselves, their marital relationship and their child more negatively than controls, and difficulties became more pronounced with time. Results were paralleled by the Profile of Moods Scale scores and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, which showed less consensus, less expression of affection, less satisfaction and less cohesion for PND compared to control couples. These findings suggest that the difficulties experienced are long lasting, with some deterioration over time. This was reflected by a higher separation/divorce rate in PND couples. The importance of early intervention and the impact on parent-infant attachment is discussed.
Modern Management of Laryngotracheal Stenosis

Objectives: Laryngotracheal stenosis is a complex problem resulting most often from intubation, trauma,or autoimmune disease. Management options include dilation or airway reconstruction including laryngotracheoplasty (LTP), cricotracheal resection (CTR), and tracheal resection (TR). We describe our experience with management of this difficult problem.
Linking partner emotional support, partner negative interaction, and trauma with psychological distress

While research evidence has consistently demonstrated the link between social relationships and psychological distress, there is debate over the strength of perceived emotional support compared with perceived negative interaction on psychological distress and whether the relation between social relationships and psychological distress is direct or moderating. In this study, we examined the relation between partner emotional support, partner negative interaction, and trauma on psychological distress. Our sample of married or romantically partnered people was drawn from a nationally representative U.S. data set (N = 5,383). The direct effects of romantic partner emotional support and romantic partner negative interaction on psychological distress were evaluated and compared. Further, we evaluated the moderating effects of partner emotional support and partner negative interaction on the relation between trauma history and psychological distress. Hierarchical regression models revealed that (a) people exposed to trauma experienced greater psychological distress, (b) partner emotional support was linked with reduced distress, (c) partner negative interaction was linked with increased distress, (d) partner negative interaction accounted for more variance in psychological distress compared with partner emotional support, and (e) neither partner emotional support nor partner negative interaction moderated the relation between trauma and distress. These findings indicate that partner negative interaction has a stronger relation with psychological distress than partner emotional support. Further, they support the direct effects of social relationships on psychological distress over the moderating effects.
Stillborn Republic: Social Coalitions and Party Strategies in Greece, 1922-1936 (review)

and identify them, leaving the reader to wonder how seriously particular claims are to be taken. Woodhouse writes in his usual lucid and highly readable style and his knowledge of Greek politics and politicians is profound. He pays tribute to a leader who unquestionably has earned for himself a truly exalted place in the history of modern Greece. It will be a while before historians can evaluate Karamanlis's impact upon Greece with full detachment and balance. In the meantime Woodhouse's work will remain the best of its kind.
Facilitating Academic Achievement Through Affect Attunement in the Classroom

Abstract The effect of teacher-student attunement on the academic performance of students with and without learning disabilities was examined. Each Grade 4 student (24 with learning disabilities and 24 without learning disabilities, but matched on age and gender) was systematically exposed to 2 teaching approaches—attuned vs. nonattuned (traditional) at different times using different academic contents (mathematics and social studies). Teaching transpired within 8 naturally occurring classrooms; students were given pre- and posttests to assess their learning. A manipulation check indicated that the attuned teaching resulted in significantly more teacher-student attunement than did the nonattuned condition. The attuned teaching condition significantly improved academic performance over nonattuned teaching. When exposed to attuned teaching, girls without learning disabilities exhibited significantly greater improvement than did girls with learning disabilities.
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

A 46-year-old-woman presents with exertional dyspnea and syncope and receives a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Treatment with sildenafil is recommended. Sildenafil and tadalafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors that ameliorate pulmonary arterial hypertension by increasing levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the smooth-muscle cells of the pulmonary artery.
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to nonparenchymal cells in normal and injured liver.

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer has become an important tool with which to introduce genetic material into cells. Available data emphasize efficient adenoviral transduction of parenchymal liver cells (i.e., hepatocytes) in both in vitro and in vivo model systems, typically in normal cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate gene transfer to nonparenchymal (and parenchymal) cells of the normal and injured rat liver. Hepatocytes, stellate cells, and endothelial cells were isolated by standard methods. Liver injury was induced by bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride administration. Cells were transduced in vitro with an adenovirus encoding beta-galactosidase (Ad.beta-gal) over a range of viral titers, and transduced cells were identified by detection of X-gal. In vivo transduction efficiency was studied in normal and injured livers using cell isolation techniques. Nonparenchymal cells were transduced with greater frequency than hepatocytes at all adenoviral titers tested, both in vitro and in vivo. After liver injury, adenoviral transduction was reduced for all liver cell types compared with that for cells from normal livers (at all virus titers). Notably, transduction efficiency remained greater in nonparenchymal cells than in hepatocytes after liver injury. This work implies that, to achieve comparable gene expression in the injured liver, higher adenoviral titers may be required, an important consideration as gene therapy in disease states is considered.
Exploring the factor structure of the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire: Insights into the nature of communication deficits following traumatic brain injury

Background: Self and close other reports of communication ability can provide a time‐efficient means of evaluating conversational discourse after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) measures perceived communication ability from various sources including self‐perceptions and perceptions of others. Content and test–retest reliability and discriminant validity of the LCQ have been demonstrated previously with adults following TBI. Aims: This study was undertaken to explore the factor structure of the LCQ as revealed within the data collected from 88 adults with severe TBI and their close others. Methods & Procedures: Construct validity was examined using a Principal Component Factor Analytic procedure with Varimax rotation. Outcomes & Results: A seven‐factor structure that accounted for 60.88% of the variance was revealed. Of the LCQ items, 27 clearly loaded on to one of the seven communication factors that were identified. Conclusions: The factor structure that emerged depicts the multidimensional nature of conversation and the complex interplay between cognitive and communication processes that social discourse demands. These results support the construct validity of the LCQ and indicate that it can be used as a reliable and valid measure of communication ability after severe TBI.
Absence of association between vitamin D deficiency and incident metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

BACKGROUND Links between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome have been reported in cross-sectional studies; however, few prospective studies regarding this association exist. We performed this study to assess prospective association between vitamin D status and incident metabolic syndrome in a large population-based cohort. METHOD This was a nested case-control study within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) which followed representative Tehranian adults. A total of 324 matched pairs aged 20 or older were selected. Cases and controls were free of metabolic syndrome according to definition of Joint Interim Statement (JIS) at baseline and followed for a mean duration of 6.8 years. Each case was matched individually by sex, age, duration of follow-up, and month of entry to the study with a randomly selected control. Prespecified cut points were used to characterize varying degrees of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency (<20, 20-29.9, and ≥30 ng/mL). Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association between 25(OH)D concentration and the incident metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 40.8±11.7, and 50% were women. The median [interquartile range (IQR) 25-75] of serum 25(OH) D was 16 ng/mL (10-25 ng/mL) and there was no difference between cases (16 ng/mL; IQR 10-25 ng/mL) and controls (16 ng/mL; IQR 10-26 ng/mL). The odds ratio of serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL for developing metabolic syndrome was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.52] compared with serum 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL. Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the results. CONCLUSIONS Our study does not provide evidence that there is association between different serum vitamin D levels and incidence of metabolic syndrome.
Satisfaction derived through leisure involvement and setting attachment

Abstract This investigation examined the effect of activity involvement and place attachment on leisure satisfaction among three groups of hikers along the Appalachian Trail (AT). The three groups differed in the type of setting they perceived they had visited along the AT; wilderness, semi‐wilderness, and undeveloped recreation area (p<.05). It was hypothesized that the opportunity to enjoy the activity and setting would be sources of satisfaction among respondents. It was also hypothesized that these effects would be strongest among wilderness hikers. Results indicated that only the attraction dimension of activity involvement and place identity dimension of place attachment were significant predictors of hikers’ satisfaction (p<.05). Further, the type of setting visited did not impact the strength of these effects. These results illustrate that the intrinsic elements of the activity and setting can be a source of satisfaction alone.