Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Probability of Student Cheating: The Relevance of Student Characteristics, Assessment Items, Perceptions of Prevalence and History of Engagement

Academic dishonesty is a fundamental issue in terms of the educational integrity of higher education institutions. Accordingly, there is a growing pool of literature that examines this issue. This study adds to this literature by investigating factors that may influence student engagement in academic misconduct. We examine the influence of the type of assessment items, age, gender, nationality, discipline and level of study and the students’ self-reported history of cheating. Drawing from a survey of 1,057 students across four major Queensland universities, we find that a student’s age, gender and nationality are useful in explaining the probability of a student cheating. Our key finding, however, suggests that the likelihood that a student will engage in any given cheating behaviour is most strongly influenced by the extent to which the student engages in other forms of cheating, supporting the notion of ‘once a cheat always a cheat’. We conclude that more needs to be done to combat a culture of acceptance of academic dishonesty and to minimise defensive misconduct by students who otherwise might not engage in such behaviour. We suggest that university administrators devote increased resources to this issue and develop mechanisms for managing and curtailing the level of academic misconduct. A failure to do so may result in a further undermining of the academic integrity of the Australian tertiary sector.
Review: Corneal epithelial stem cells, their niche and wound healing

Stem cells emerged as a concept during the second half of 19th century, first as a theoretical entity, but then became one of the most promising research fields in cell biology. This work describes the most important characteristics of adult stem cells, including the experimental criteria used to identify them, and discusses current knowledge that led to the proposal that stem cells existed in different parts of the eye, such as the retina, lens, conjunctiva, corneal stroma, Descemet’s membrane, and the subject of this review: the corneal epithelium. Evidence includes results that support the presence of corneal epithelial stem cells at the limbus, as well as the major obstacles to isolating them as pure cell populations. Part of this review describes the variation in the basement membrane composition between the limbus and the central cornea, to show the importance of the corneal stem cell niche, its structure, and the participation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in regulating corneal stem cell compartment. Results obtained by various laboratories suggest that the extracellular matrix plays a central role in regulating stem cell commitment, corneal differentiation, and participation in corneal wound healing, in addition to other environmental signals such as cytokines and growth factors. The niche could define cell division patterns in corneal stem cell populations, establishing whether stem cells divide asymmetrically or symmetrically. Characterization and understanding of the factors that regulate corneal epithelial stem cells should open up new paths for developing new therapies and strategies for accelerating and improving corneal wound healing.
Impaired Speechreading Related To Arrested Development of Face Processing

Childhood prosopagnosia is a rare disorder of face recognition consisting in the loss of one or more aspects of normal visual processing for faces as a consequence of a brain injury not present at birth. The paper reports on the case of patient, RP, a child prosopagnosic who sustained a closed head injury at age 7. Different aspects of speechreading ability are examined both with static and dynamic stimuli (recognition of spoken vowels and digits, serial recall). Moreover, two bimodal tasks were used in order to assess the combination of auditory speech with speechreading. The results show that RP is performing poorly on all of the visual tasks, while his auditory performance is entirely normal. This dissociation between auditory and visual speech skills replicates similar findings with adult prosopagnosics and underscores the importance of intact face processing for the development of normal speechreading
Deep, Deep, Deep Inside We're All Friends: A Qualitative Study of How Young Girls Engage, Develop, Maintain, and Assess Relationships with Peers.

This qualitative study examines the manner in which second grade girls engage, develop, maintain, and assess relationships with peers. Grounded theory methodology was employed to collect and analyze data. The study makes three claims: the institutional structure of the school impacted the development of friendships between and among second grade girls, the behavior patterns and common characteristics shared by seven and eight year old girls during the development of friendships were deliberate, and seven and eight year old girls used their common interests to include and exclude members in their group. Discussion of the third claim explores parallels between the behaviors practiced by the second grade girls in non-threatening manners and those behaviors used by their adolescent counterparts during female bullying.
Empirical Status of Feuerstein’s “Instrumental Enrichment” (FIE) Technique as a Method of Teaching Thinking Skills

This paper examines reports of empirical research on Feuerstein’s “Instrumental Enrichment” (FIE) as a method of teaching thinking skills and asks what can be concluded from these reports with respect to the following: (a) the nature and statistical reliability of observed FIE effects and, for those effects that are statistically reliable, (b) the “amount” of FIE that appears to be required for these effects to appear.
IL-12 Induction by a Th1-Inducing Adjuvant In Vivo: Dendritic Cell Subsets and Regulation by IL-10

IL-12 induction is critical for immune responses against many viruses and intracellular bacterial pathogens. Recent studies suggest that IL-12-secreting dendritic cells (DC) are potent Th1-inducing APC. However, controversy exists concerning the function of DC subsets. Murine studies have suggested that CD8+ DC preferentially induce Th1 responses, whereas CD8− DC induce Th2 development; in this model, different DC subsets prime different responses. Alternatively, the propensity of DC subsets to prime a Th1 response could depend upon the type of initial stimulus. We used a prototypic Th1-inducing adjuvant, heat-killed Brucella abortus (HKBA) to assess stimulation of DC subsets, relationship between Ag burden and IL-12 production, and down-regulation of DC subset IL-12 production by IL-10. In this study, we show that DC were sole producers of IL-12, although most HKBA uptake was by splenic macrophages and granulocytes. More CD8− than CD8+ DC produced IL-12 after HKBA challenge, whereas only CD8+ DC produced IL-12 after injection of another Th1-promoting microbial substance, soluble Toxoplasma gondii Ags. Studies in IL-10-deficient mice revealed that IL-10 down-regulates frequency and duration of IL-12 production by both DC subsets. In the absence of IL-10, IL-12 expression is enabled in CD11clow cells, but not in macrophages or granulocytes. These findings support the concept of DC as the major IL-12 producers in spleens, but challenge the notion that CD8+ and CD8− DC are destined to selectively induce Th1 or Th2 responses, respectively. Thus, the nature of the stimulating substance is important in determining which DC subsets are activated to produce IL-12.
Rat Heterotopic Heart Transplantation Model to Investigate Unloading-Induced Myocardial Remodeling

Unloading of the failing left ventricle in order to achieve myocardial reverse remodeling and improvement of contractile function has been developed as a strategy with the increasing frequency of implantation of left ventricular assist devices in clinical practice. But, reverse remodeling remains an elusive target, with high variability and exact mechanisms still largely unclear. The small animal model of heterotopic heart transplantation (hHTX) in rodents has been widely implemented to study the effects of complete and partial unloading on cardiac failing and non-failing tissue to better understand the structural and molecular changes that underlie myocardial recovery. We herein review the current knowledge on the effects of volume unloading the left ventricle via different methods of hHTX in rats, differentiating between changes that contribute to functional recovery and adverse effects observed in unloaded myocardium. We focus on methodological aspects of heterotopic transplantation, which increase the correlation between the animal model and the setting of the failing unloaded human heart. Last, but not least, we describe the late use of sophisticated techniques to acquire data, such as small animal MRI and catheterization, as well as ways to assess unloaded hearts under “reloaded” conditions. While giving regard to certain limitations, heterotopic rat heart transplantation certainly represents the crucial model to mimic unloading-induced changes in the heart and as such the intricacies and challenges deserve highest consideration. Careful translational research will further improve our knowledge of the reverse remodeling process and how to potentiate its effect in order to achieve recovery of contractile function in more patients.
‘It just feels like it's always us’: young people, peer bereavement and community safety

This article draws from ethnographic research that examined the impact of neighbourhood based community safety policies on young people living in social housing in the south of England. It begins with a brief examination of what local community safety practitioners considered the primary crime and disorder ‘problem’ on the estate – youth ‘anti-social behaviour’. It then shows that the most significant generator of fear and insecurity amongst young people themselves was the sudden, and often violent, deaths of peers. This article examines the extent of the peer bereavements that punctured the lives of the young people in Hillview and demonstrates that these experiences left them feeling profoundly vulnerable and acutely fearful of their own safety and for the safety of friends and family.
Atenção Farmacêutica em Goiânia: inserção do farmacêutico na Estratégia Saúde da Família

Com vistas no estabelecido na Politica Nacional de Medicamentos, a Faculdade de Farmacia da UFG implantou, em parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Saude de Goiânia/Goias, projeto de extensao universitaria que propoe a insercao do farmaceutico na Estrategia Saude da Familia. Encontros foram realizados para sensibilizacao e apresentacao do projeto as respectivas unidades de saude, e a equipe de farmaceuticos local foi treinada para o exercicio da atencao farmaceutica. Em 12 meses de desenvolvimento do projeto, 50 pacientes (70% femininos), com idade media de 50 anos, foram assistidos. Entre estes, 40 (80%) apresentavam mais de uma enfermidade associada e 46 (92%) faziam o uso de dois ou mais farmacos, simultaneamente prescritos. Foram detectados 154 Problemas Relacionados com Medicamentos (PRM), com incidencia de 3,1 PRM por paciente. O PRM mais frequente foi a falta de efetividade na terapeutica (49%), sendo 26,3% desses devido a falta de adesao ao tratamento. Conclui-se que a problematica envolvida na assistencia a saude devido a falta de eficiencia da farmacoterapia assume dimensoes importantes. Atencao Farmaceutica como estrategia de Assistencia Farmaceutica mostrou-se, potencialmente, capaz de melhorar a assistencia a saude dos usuarios do SUS.
Mitigation of Intercarrier Interference for OFDM Over Time-Varying Underwater Acoustic Channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has emerged as a promising modulation scheme for underwater acoustic (UWA) communications, thanks to its robustness to channels with severe time dispersion. Compared to conventional single-carrier systems, for which complicated equalization schemes are usually required, OFDM systems are in general much simpler to implement as detection can be carried out symbol-by-symbol over time-dispersive channels. In this paper, we focus on cyclic-prefixed OFDM over time-varying UWA channels. To cope with the intercarrier interference (ICI) that arises at the receiver side because of the time variations in the channel, we consider two ICI-mitigation techniques. In the first scheme, the ICI coefficients are explicitly estimated, and minimum mean square error linear equalization based on such estimates is performed. In the second approach, no explicit ICI estimation is performed, and detection is based on an adaptive decision-feedback equalizer applied in the frequency domain across adjacent subcarriers. To cope with the phase variations of the ICI coefficients, phase-tracking loops are introduced in both ICI-mitigation schemes. The effectiveness of the presented schemes is demonstrated through simulation results, as well as real data collected in a recent experiment conducted in shallow water off the western coast of Kauai, HI, in June 2008.
Studies on antibiotic subsceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from gold fish (Carassius auratus)

Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram negative motile rod, a member of the family vibrionaceae, has been widely studied and regarded as the most important bacteria for causing aeromonosis, or harmorrhagic septicaemia or motile aeromonas septiceamia in fish (Arlgka et al., 1995; Rhaman et al., 2001) and other aquatic animals such as frog (Hyys et al., 2003) Prawn (Vivekanadhan et al., 2002), carp (Nielsen et al., 2001) and mussel (Maki et al., 1998).
Exploring the experiences, perceptions and reflections of popular electronic musicians at UK higher education institutions

Although formal educational institutions in the UK, and particularly in Higher Education (HE), have begun to include aspects of dance music and hip-hop styles of music in their curricula, there is still a notable lack of research into the relationship between popular electronic music-making practices, such as performance, and formal education. This study explores some of the experiences, perceptions and reflections of popular electronic musicians in formal educational institutions in the UK with a specific focus on the performance of popular electronic music. Our findings show that formal education has had some impact on the development of popular electronic musicians' practice and, in some cases, acted as an introduction to popular electronic styles of music. However, the study's findings also highlight the need to develop more comprehensive musical curricula that include popular electronic styles of music as well as the more established popular musical styles such as rock.
Holland Type as a Moderator of Personality-Performance Predictions.

Abstract This study explored the value of using Holland's theory of vocational personality types and work environments for improving predictions of personality–performance relations. Upper level undergraduates representing the RIASEC environments completed the Self-Directed Search and a measure of the Five-Factor Model of personality that were used to predict grades. Overall, agreeableness and conscientiousness accounted for approximately 2% to 3% of the variance in performance. However, when the data were analyzed further by RIASEC environment, more than 9% of the variance in performance was accounted for with personality scores. This study supports assertions in the literature that predictions of performance using global traits, such as conscientiousness, can be improved using appropriate moderators. Furthermore, important relations between personality and performance can be masked if job context is ignored.
Expectancy information and coach effectiveness in intercollegiate basketball

The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of information coaches use to develop expectations for athlete ability. Results revealed that Division I head basketball coaches (n = 70) rely predominately on psychological factors when evaluating athletes (n = 186). There were no significant differences between the sources of information used by successful and less successful coaches. A significant degree of congruence was discovered between coach and athlete perceptions of the evaluation criteria used on successful teams, but not on less successful teams. Athletes’ perceptions of their coach’s evaluation criteria served to predict team success. It was determined that differences in team success are more dependent on the coach’s ability to communicate expectations than the actual criteria used to form expectations.
Non-Systematic Complex Number RS Coded OFDM by Unique Word Prefix

In this paper, we expand our recently introduced concept of unique word orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (UW-OFDM). In UW-OFDM the cyclic prefixes (CPs) are replaced by deterministic sequences, the so-called unique words (UWs). The UWs are generated by appropriately loading a set of redundant subcarriers. By that a systematic complex number Reed-Solomon (RS) code construction is introduced in a quite natural way, because an RS code may be defined as the set of vectors, for which a block of successive zeros occurs in the other domain w.r. t. a discrete Fourier transform. (For a fixed block different to zero, i.e., a UW, a coset code of an RS code is generated.) A remaining problem in the original systematic coded UW-OFDM concept is the fact that the redundant subcarrier symbols disproportionately contribute to the mean OFDM symbol energy. In this paper we introduce the concept of non-systematic coded UW-OFDM, where the redundancy is no longer allocated to dedicated subcarriers, but distributed over all subcarriers. We derive optimum complex valued code generator matrices matched to the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) and to the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) data estimator, respectively. With the help of simulations we highlight the advantageous spectral properties and the superior bit error ratio (BER) performance of non-systematic coded UW-OFDM compared to systematic coded UW-OFDM and to CP-OFDM in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN ) as well as in frequency selective environments.
DEVELOPING A LAY MODEL OF MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS: A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST PERSPECTIVE

This study uses repertory grid interviews and a follow-up questionnaire study to develop a ‘lay’ theory of managerial effectiveness in a large New Zealand public sector organization. the lay theory is presented as a model with seventeen scales and two factors descriptive of effective and ineffective managers in the organization. the two factors indicate that effective and ineffective managers in the department are differentiated in terms of their conceptual, and interpersonal abilities. the effectiveness model shows strong similarity to models of effective management which have emerged in research outside New Zealand. This similarity is of particular interest given the context-specific nature of the study. the paper outlines the method used in the study, describes the key findings and discusses their implications for our understanding of managerial effectiveness.
Virtual Reality Exposure for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Abstract Two open trials of Virtual Reality based exposure therapy (VRE) to desensitize Vietnam veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to some of their traumatic memories are described. A total of 21 patients were exposed to one of two virtual Vietnam computer-generated environments in which their individual traumatic experiences were simulated in response to their recounting these events. Although two patients experienced significant increases in symptoms during VRE, all patients' PTSD symptoms were below baseline by the 3-month post-treatment assessment. When the data from the two open trials was combined, clinically meaningful and statistically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms were found. These changes were long lasting as evidenced by the 6-month follow-up assessments. Two case examples are provided and future applications of this treatment are discussed.
A Recipe for the Estimation of Information Flow in a Dynamical System

Information-theoretic quantities, such as entropy and mutual information (MI), can be used to quantify the amount of information needed to describe a dataset or the information shared between two datasets. In the case of a dynamical system, the behavior of the relevant variables can be tightly coupled, such that information about one variable at a given instance in time may provide information about other variables at later instances in time. This is often viewed as a flow of information, and tracking such a flow can reveal relationships among the system variables. Since the MI is a symmetric quantity; an asymmetric quantity, called Transfer Entropy (TE), has been proposed to estimate the directionality of the coupling. However, accurate estimation of entropy-based measures is notoriously difficult. Every method has its own free tuning parameter(s) and there is no consensus on an optimal way of estimating the TE from a dataset. We propose a new methodology to estimate TE and apply a set of methods together as an accuracy cross-check to provide a reliable mathematical tool for any given data set. We demonstrate both the variability in TE estimation across techniques as well as the benefits of the proposed methodology to reliably estimate the directionality of coupling among variables.
Chapter 3 Cardiac Amyloidosis : Typing , Diagnosis , Prognosis and Management

Amyloidosis is uncommon, with age-adjusted incidences of between 6.1 and 10.5 per million person-years,[1] and an estimated 1275 to 3200 new cases occurring annually in the United States. [1, 2] The contemporary understanding of amyloidosis points to a group of complex sys‐ temic disorders involving the extracellular deposition of misfolded proteinaceous material in many organs, most commonly the kidneys, heart, liver, central and peripheral nervous sys‐ tems. [2-4] The normal function of tissues is altered, and end-organ dysfunction usually ensues. Cardiac amyloidosis can be isolated to the heart, but it often coexists with disease elsewhere in the body. [4, 5] Cardiac manifestations may predominate the clinical presentation or may be subclinical and detected on routine investigation of a patient presenting with non-cardiac com‐ plaints. [5] The presence and relative prominence of cardiac involvement in the clinical picture is dependent on the type of amyloidosis and severity of amyloid infiltration in the tissue. [5]
Multiple sclerosis severity and concern about falling: Physical, cognitive and psychological mediating factors.

BACKGROUND Concern about falling can have devastating physical and psychological consequences in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about physical and cognitive determinants for increased concern about falling inthis group. OBJECTIVE To investigate direct and indirect relationships between MS severity and concern about falling using structural equation modelling (SEM). METHODS Two hundred and ten community-dwelling people (21-73 years) with MS Disease Steps 0-5 completed several physical, cognitive and psychological assessments. Concern about falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. RESULTS Concern about falling was significantly associated with MS Disease Step and also balance, muscle strength, disability, previous falls, and executive functioning. SEM revealed a strong direct path between MS Disease Step and concern about falling (r = 0.31, p < 0.01), as well as indirect paths explained by impaired physical ability (r = 0.25, p < 0.01) and reduced cognitive function (r = 0.13, p < 0.01). The final model explained 51% of the variance of concern about falling in people with MS and had an excellent goodness-of-fit. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between MS severity and increased concern about falling was primarily mediated by reduced physical ability (especially if this resulted in disability and falls) and less so by executive functioning. This suggests people with MS have a realistic appraisal of their concern about falling.