Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Bloch wall in multilayers

We present an analysis of the structure of Bloch walls in layered magnetic materials in the context of micromagnetics. We have obtained the Γ-limit of a one-dimensional reduction of the Landau–Lifshitz energy for a double layer in several asymptotic regimes. As a result, the optimal energy, the core length and the optimal shape of the Bloch wall have been determined. The effects of the interlayer spacing and the film thickness are studied. A comparison between the structure of the Bloch and Néel walls in multilayers is carried out. We illustrate all our findings by numerically minimizing the one-dimensional energy.
AKAP79/150 Interacts with AC8 and Regulates Ca2+-dependent cAMP Synthesis in Pancreatic and Neuronal Systems*

Protein kinase A anchoring proteins (AKAPs) provide the backbone for targeted multimolecular signaling complexes that serve to localize the activities of cAMP. Evidence is accumulating of direct associations between AKAPs and specific adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms to facilitate the actions of protein kinase A on cAMP production. It happens that some of the AC isoforms (AC1 and AC5/6) that bind specific AKAPs are regulated by submicromolar shifts in intracellular Ca2+. However, whether AKAPs play a role in the control of AC activity by Ca2+ is unknown. Using a combination of co-immunoprecipitation and high resolution live cell imaging techniques, we reveal an association of the Ca2+-stimulable AC8 with AKAP79/150 that limits the sensitivity of AC8 to intracellular Ca2+ events. This functional interaction between AKAP79/150 and AC8 was observed in HEK293 cells overexpressing the two signaling molecules. Similar findings were made in pancreatic insulin-secreting cells and cultured hippocampal neurons that endogenously express AKAP79/150 and AC8, which suggests important physiological implications for this protein-protein interaction with respect to Ca2+-stimulated cAMP production.
Bézier Curve Path Planning for Parafoil Terminal Guidance

Autonomous parafoil terminal guidance plays a critical role in landing accuracy but is inherently difficult due to underactuation and path disturbances caused by winds. Terminal path planners must generate flight paths that deliver the parafoil as close as possible to the destination while landing into the wind. This paper presents a novel path-planning scheme capable of highly general trajectory shapes that enable successful path planning from a wide set of initial conditions in constrained three-dimensional environments. The path-planning approach parameterizes the two-point boundary value guidance solution in the form of one or more Bezier curves that connect the current parafoil location with a final approach point downwind of the target. Online nonlinear optimization of curve parameters allows for path regeneration given changing winds. Furthermore, generality of the trajectory shape provides a wide set of initial conditions at which terminal guidance may be initiated in obstacle-constrained scenario.
Race around the world: Identifying a research agenda for the distance runner

Abstract Participation in the sporting activity of distance running has increased considerably over the last two decades. The sport is one that requires a strong dedication from its participants due to its arduous nature. It is this dedication, coupled with the growth in interest in the sporting activity of distance running, that makes the distance runner market potentially lucrative for practitioners in the fields of tourism and leisure. Studies investigating distance runners have to date tended to have been conducted in a random manner, and this may be contributed to by the fact that such research has emanated from several different disciplinary perspectives. The haphazard nature of the research may also have contributed to the limited academic interest in the area. This paper therefore aims to contribute to the understanding of the niche market of the distance runner as a sport tourist by consolidating the research conducted in this area. We conclude by suggesting future research agendas that investigate the distance running phenomenon.
An Androgenic Agricultural Contaminant Impairs Female Reproductive Behaviour in a Freshwater Fish

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a large group of environmental pollutants that can interfere with the endocrine system function of organisms at very low levels. One compound of great concern is trenbolone, which is widely used as a growth promoter in the cattle industry in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to test how short-term (21-day) exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of 17β-trenbolone (measured concentration 6 ng/L) affects reproductive behaviour and fin morphology in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). The mosquitofish is a sexually dimorphic livebearer with males inseminating females using their modified anal fin, the gonopodium, as an intromittent organ. Although the species has a coercive mating system, females are able to exert some control over the success of male mating attempts by selectively associating with, or avoiding, certain males over others. We found that females exposed to trenbolone approached males less and spent more time swimming away from males than non-exposed (control) females. By contrast, we found no difference in the behaviour of exposed and non-exposed males. Furthermore, exposure did not affect the anal fin morphology of males or females. This is the first study to demonstrate that exposure to an androgenic EDC can impair female (but not male) behaviour. Our study illustrates how anthropogenic contaminants can have sex-specific effects, and highlights the need to examine the behavioural responses of environmental contaminants in both sexes.
Multiple perspectives of congruence: relationships between value congruence and employee attitudes

The relative importance of multiple types of value congruence—person–environment (P-E), person–person (P-P), and perceptual fit—across two hierarchical levels (workgroup and manager) and across multiple dimensions of values was investigated in a sample of 951 employees from 113 bank branches. As expected, different types of value congruence and different value dimensions were differentially important for outcomes. Both P-E fit (between an individual's personal values and the cultural values of the organization) and perceptual fit (between an individual's perception of the organization's values and the organization's values as perceived by others) were found to be related to satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intentions, while P-P fit (between an individual's personal values and the personal values of others) was not. Further, P-E congruence results were generally stronger for fit with the workgroup than fit with the manager and results were stronger for the rational goal dimension which focused on external customer service. In contrast, results for perceptual fit revealed that fit was generally more important for fit with the manager than fit with the workgroup and was generally more important for the open system dimension which focused on flexibility and innovation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groin Hernia in Mulago hospital, Kampala.

A prospective descriptive study based on 208 cases of groin hernia that had surgery at Mulago Hospital over a 12-months period beginning on 1st January 2000 was undertaken. There were more males than females. The mean age was 35.4 years with the mode and median of 40 and 33 years respectively. Patients under 15 years were 37 (17.8%) and had a peak incidence in the 1-3 years age group while in adults the peak was in the 24-34 years age group. Only 2 girls were seen in the under 15 years old group. Most females (86%) who presented with groin hernias were aged above 34 years. There were 195 (93.7%) inguinal hernias of which 159 (81.5%) were indirect inguinal hernias and 34 (17.4%) were of the direct inguinal variety. Busoga hernias were diagnosed in only 4 (2.05%) of inguinal hernias. There were only 13 (6.2%) femoral hernias. Post-operative complications occurred in 41.8% of the cases. There was one death. (0.48% mortality).
Listening to young people in leisure research: the critical application of grounded theory

This paper discusses three related methodological problems from the point of view of a researcher interested in studying young people’s leisure experiences. The first part of the paper makes a moral argument for why we should attempt to listen to young people. The second part of the paper uses an example from research with young footballers to explain how a modified grounded theory (GT) methodology can be useful in achieving this aim. Modified methods for engaging young people in discussion – e.g. mind maps and vignettes – are introduced here in the context of a developing GT study. The third and final part of the paper engages critically with some of the epistemological problems inherent in GT, notably the problem of induction. Two radical reactions to the problems of GT – essentialism and anarchism – are critically reviewed before a third way is introduced. This third position is critical rationalism and it is argued that this position may help researchers engage in GT research in a fundamentally critical and progressive fashion.
Perceptions Of Leader Charisma, Effectiveness, And Integrity

This study explored the extent to which a leader who claims to be either exemplary or pragmatic and is revealed to have a reputation for either deception or honesty is perceived to be charismatic, effective, and morally worthy. The effects of message delivery and participants’ scores on the Romance of Leadership Scale (RLS) were also examined. The results revealed that (a) a strong versus weak delivery produced higher ratings of leader charisma and effectiveness; (b) exemplary versus pragmatic self-presentations yielded higher levels of perceived effectiveness and integrity; (c) the strong delivery × ethical reputation combination produced the highest levels of perceived leader effectiveness and integrity; and (d) only high RLS individuals perceived the leader to be most effective when delivery was strong and least effective when delivery was weak.
Physiological response to color: A critical review

Physiological human responses to color as evidenced by the electroencephalogram, galvanic skin response, blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, eyeblink frequency, and oxiometry are reviewed. A casual reading of the descriptive literature on the human response to color leads one to the conclusion that color can have rather specific physiological effects. It is concluded from this review that there are reliably recordable physiological responses to color in addition to those generally associated with vision. However, it may be that some are indirect effects mediated by cognitive responses to color.
Notice of RetractionStudy on the sale tactics based on the substitution of new support implement for old support equipment

Based on a mended two-phase Bass model, this paper investigates the impact of some factors on the total market share of the contractor in course of selling the new support equipments, such as the substitution degree of new support equipments for old support equipments, negative word-of-mouth and marketing effort, and competition support equipments. The conclusion is made as: the support equipments substitution setting is influenced by the relationship between the relative degree of the negative effect of markets on the new and old support equipments (negative word-of-mouth and competition support equipments) and the proportion of marketing effort for old support equipments to the total marketing effort. Finally, based on different conditions, the connection of substitution setting and the total market share is analyzed. Aiming at the conclusion, the market sale tactics can be adjusted based on the theories.
Sleep disturbances in midlife unrelated to 32-year diabetes incidence: the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg.

OBJECTIVE To study the relation between diabetes incidence and sleep problems in a population-based sample of women followed for 32 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The researchers conducted a prospective population study initiated in 1968-1969, with follow-ups in 1974-1975, 1980-1981, 1992-1993, and 2000-2001 in Gothenburg, Sweden. A total of 1,462 women born in 1908, 1914, 1918, 1922, and 1930, representative of women of the same ages in the general population, initially participated (90% participation rate). Reported sleep duration, sleep problems, and use of sleeping medication were related to incident diabetes from 1968 to 2000. Associations between sleep problems and diabetes were corrected for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BMI, subscapular skinfold, fasting blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking, physical activity, education, and socioeconomic status. Additionally, associations between BMI, WHR, and sleep problems were examined. RESULTS Over 32 years, 126 women (8.7%) developed diabetes. Associations between diabetes and initial sleep problems were tested in a Cox regression analysis, taking into consideration factors associated (P < 0.1) with diabetes. Sleep problems in 1968 did not increase risk of developing diabetes during the following 32 years. Obesity, particularly centralized, was associated with sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS No association between sleep problems and developing diabetes was seen in this 32-year follow-up of middle-aged women. Obesity, on the other hand, known to cause increased risk of diabetes, was associated with current sleep problems.
Time-resolved spectroscopy and photometry of the dwarf nova fs aurigae in quiescence

We present results of non-simultaneous time-resolved photometric and spectroscopic observations of the little-studied dwarf nova FS Aur in quiescence. The spectrum of FS Aur shows strong and broad emission lines of hydrogen and HeI, and of weaker HeII 4686 and CIII/NIII blend, similar to other quiescent dwarf novae. All emission lines are single-peaked, however their form varies with orbital phase. Absorption lines from a late-type secondary are not detected. From the radial velocity measurements of the hydrogen lines H$_\beta$ and H$_\gamma$ we determined a most probable orbital period P=0.059+-0.002. This period agrees well with the 0.0595+-0.0001 estimate by Thorstensen et al. (1996). On the other hand, the period of photometric modulations is longer than the spectroscopic period and can be estimated as 3 hours. Longer time coverage during a single night is needed to resolve this problem. Using the semi-amplitude of the radial velocities, obtained from measurements of hydrogen and helium lines, and some empirical and theoretical relations we limited the basic parameters of the system: a mass ratio q>=0.22, a primary mass M_1=0.34 - 0.46 M_sun, a secondary mass M_2<= 0. 1M_sun, and an inclination angle i=51^{\circ} - 65^{\circ}. Doppler tomography has shown at least two bright regions in the accretion disk of FS Aur. The first, brighter spot is located at phase about 0.6. The second spot is located opposite the first one and occupies an extensive area at phases about 0.85 - 1.15.
Nonconvex Dynamic Economic Power Dispatch Problems Solution Using Hybrid Immune-Genetic Algorithm

The objective of dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem is to determine the generation schedule of the committed generation units, which minimizes the total operating cost over a dispatch period, while satisfying a set of constraints. The effect of valve points and prohibited operating zones (POZs) in the generating units' cost functions makes the DED a highly nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problem with multiple local minima. Considering the ramp-rate limits and transmission losses makes the DED problem even more complicated. Hence, proposing an effective solution method for this optimization problem is of great interest. This paper presents a novel heuristic algorithm to solve DED problem of generating units by employing a hybrid immune-genetic algorithm. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, four test systems that consist of different numbers of generating units are studied. The valve-point effects, POZs, and ramp-rate constraints along with transmission losses are also considered in simulation cases. The results obtained through the proposed method are compared with those reported in the literature. These results substantiate the applicability of the proposed method for solving the constrained DED problem with nonsmooth cost functions.
Telepresence under Exceptional Circumstances: Enriching the Connection to School for Sick Children

Video mediated communication has become a familiar computer-based experience for many people including those who participate in long-distance meetings, take part remotely in professional conferences and attend distance learning courses. Children in extreme academic or medical circumstances may also benefit because of the unique opportunities presented by video-mediated communication. In this paper we present a video-mediated communication system, PEBBLESTM, that combines video-conferencing with simple robotics to link a child in a hospital with the regular school classroom. Three children in unusual, and even exceptional, circumstances related to their health and social background, their hostile environments and academic difficulties used PEBBLES “to attend school” for an extended period of time. These remote students were measured on concentration, initiative and communication interactions. Results from these three cases illustrate that, over time, remote students were able to engage in the same tasks as their peers (with minimal disturbances to their concentration), to initiate positive contributions to the classroom, and to communicate.
Nonlinearities in Inflation and Growth Nexus: The Case of Tanzania

Achieving high economic growth rate while maintaining low inflation rate, has become the main objective of monetary authorities all over the world. Indeed, empirical literature reflects that high inflation rates are detrimental to long run growth and entail welfare costs. To achieve this objective, central banks have availed different options from time to time which include inflation targeting. Monetary authorities in Tanzania have been targeting an inflation level of around 5 percent per annum for economic policy purposes. However, when high inflation is to be controlled, tight monetary policy is put in place which might in turn affect the economic activity. Also, the Tobin effect suggests that inflation causes individuals to substitute out of money and into interest earning assets, which leads to greater capital intensity which in turn promotes economic growth. Against these major points, this paper examines a non linear relationship between inflation and economic growth using both a quadratic and threshold endogenous models and attempts to identify the existence of threshold effects between these variables. The paper uses a data set spanning from 1967 to 2015. The most interesting finding of the estimations is that the estimated coefficient of the linear term of inflation is negative while the estimated coefficient of the square term of inflation is positive, suggesting a U-shaped effect as opposed to inverse or inverted U-shaped relationship found in other countries by previous studies. These results suggest that the Tobin effect may be valid for high inflation, in which people strongly realize the importance of substituting money for interest-bearing assets. This leads to an increase in capital investment, and in turn, an increase in economic growth even with high inflation rate. However, this U-shaped relationship between inflation and economic growth suggests that, the economy is better off at extremely low inflation episodes. The optimal inflation rate that ranges between 3.25 percent and 3.75 percent is obtained by minimizing the residual sum of squares and/or maximizing adjusted R-squared. These findings have some policy implications for the policymakers and development partners. The paper is consistent with policy suggestions by international agencies. Efforts to minimize inflation to a very low level are likely to have a positive effect on economic growth.
Correlations between adolescent processing speed and specific spindle frequencies

Sleep spindles are waxing and waning thalamocortical oscillations with accepted frequencies of between 11 and 16 Hz and a minimum duration of 0.5 s. Our research has suggested that there is spindle activity in all of the sleep stages, and thus for the present analysis we examined the link between spindle activity (Stage 2, rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS)) and waking cognitive abilities in 32 healthy adolescents. After software was used to filter frequencies outside the desired range, slow spindles (11.00–13.50 Hz), fast spindles (13.51–16.00 Hz) and spindle-like activity (16.01–18.50 Hz) were observed in Stage 2, SWS and REM sleep. Our analysis suggests that these specific EEG frequencies were significantly related to processing speed, which is one of the subscales of the intelligence score, in adolescents. The relationship was prominent in SWS and REM sleep. Further, the spindle-like activity (16.01–18.50 Hz) that occurred during SWS was strongly related to processing speed. Results suggest that the ability of adolescents to respond to tasks in an accurate, efficient and timely manner is related to their sleep quality. These findings support earlier research reporting relationships between learning, learning potential and sleep spindle activity in adults and adolescents.
Intra-Abdominal Bleeding during Pregnancy, Preterm Delivery, and Placental Polyp in a Long-Term Survivor of Neuroblastoma: A Case Report

Background. There are few reports of pregnancies in long-term survivors of pelvic neuroblastoma. Case. A 30-year-old Japanese woman with a history of pelvic neuroblastoma in her childhood, which was treated with surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Her pregnancy continued with conservative management, but she delivered a 510 g female infant at 23 weeks of gestation due to sudden onset of labor pain. She also had a placental polyp and developed massive postpartum bleeding. Conclusion. Cancer treatment, especially radiation therapy, in childhood may cause adverse outcomes during pregnancy in long-term survivors of neuroblastoma.
Police culture, individualism, and community policing: Evidence from two police departments

According to the conventional wisdom, the police culture consists of a set of values, attitudes, and norms that are widely shared among officers, who find in the culture a way to cope with the strains of their working environment. Some research implies that the conventional wisdom is overdrawn, and recent research has begun to question it more directly. Changes in the composition (i.e., the race, sex, and education) of police personnel, as well as philosophical and organizational changes associated with community policing, could be expected to further fragment police culture and to shift the distribution of police attitudes. Here we examine variation in outlooks that, according to conventional wisdom, are part of the police culture, using survey data collected in two police departments. We also examine the relationships between these outlooks and characteristics of officers—sex, race, education, length of service, community-policing training, and community-policing specialist assignment—that are associated with the changes in policing. We find that officers' outlooks do not conform to the pattern that we would expect on the basis of conventional wisdom. We also find that the variation in officers' occupational attitudes is not patterned to a great extent by their characteristics. We conclude with directions for future research on police attitudes.