Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PPARα-Dependent Induction of Liver Microsomal Esterification of Estradiol and Testosterone by a Prototypical Peroxisome Proliferator.

Fatty acyl-coenzyme A:estradiol acyltransferase in liver microsomes catalyzes the formation of estradiol fatty acid esters. These estrogen esters are extremely lipophilic and have prolonged hormonal activity because they are slowly metabolized and slowly release estradiol. Our previous studies showed that treatment of female rats with clofibrate or gemfibrozil (peroxisome proliferators commonly used as hypolipidemic drugs) markedly stimulated the liver microsomal esterification of estradiol. Although clofibrate administration is a potent inducer of liver microsomal fatty acyl-coenzyme A:estradiol acyltransferase in rats, it is a poor inducer in mice. In contrast to these observations, Wy-14,643 (an exceptionally potent prototypical peroxisome proliferator) is a strong inducer of fatty acyl-coenzyme A:estradiol acyltransferase in mice. To explore the role of PPARa in the induction of fatty acyl-coenzyme A:estradiol acyltransferase and fatty acylcoenzyme A:testosterone acyltransferase activities by peroxisome proliferators, we fed 0.1% Wy-14,643 to female wild-type and PPARa null mice for 11 d. The liver microsomal acylcoenzyme A:estradiol acyltransferase and acyl-coenzyme A:testosterone acyltransferase activities were increased 4- to 5-fold in wild-type mice fed Wy-14,643, but no increase was observed in null mice. These results demonstrate that induction of acyl-coenzyme A:estradiol acyltransferase and acylcoenzyme A:testosterone acyltransferase activities by a prototypical peroxisome proliferator is dependent on PPARa. (Endocrinology 142: 3554 ‐3557, 2001)
The Ghiselli Self-Description Inventory: Concurrent Validity versus Supervisors' Perceptions

The Self-description Inventory was designed to measure the traits of middle managers. 27 students who were managers completed the inventory and were evaluated by their immediate supervisors as more or less successful. Managers' scores and supervisors' rankings of their success generally did not correlate, suggesting a problem of concurrent validity. However, supervisors' rank of importance of the Self-description Inventory traits in determining more or less successful managers also did not correlate, suggesting a problem in perception.
Heat‐stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa) can stimulate duodenal HCO3− secretion via a novel GC‐C‐ and CFTR‐independent pathway

The heat‐stable enterotoxin of Esche richia coli (STa) is a potent stimulant of intestinal chloride and bicarbonate secretion. Guanylyl cyclase C (GC‐C) has been shown to be the primary receptor involved in mediating this response. However, numer ous studies have suggested the existence of an alternative STa‐binding receptor. The aims of this study were to determine whether a non‐GC‐C receptor exists for STa and what is the functional relevance of this for intestinal bicarbonate secretion in mice. 125I‐STa‐binding experiments were performed with intestinal muco sae from GC‐C knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Subsequently, the functional relevance of an alternative STa‐binding receptor was explored by exam ining STa‐, uroguanylin‐, and guanylin‐stimulated duo denal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) in GC‐C KO mice in vitro and in vivo. Significant 125I‐STa‐binding occurred in the proximal small intestines of GC‐C KO and WT mice. Analysis of binding coefficients and pH depen dence showed that 125I‐STa‐binding in GC‐C KO mice involved a receptor distinct from that of WT mice. Functionally, STa, uroguanylin, and guanylin all stimu lated a significant increase in DBS in GC‐C KO mice. Uroguanylin‐ and guanylin‐stimulated DBS were signif icantly inhibited by glibenclamide, but not by 4,4 ′‐diisothiocyanato‐stilbene‐2,2 ′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS). However, STa‐stimulated DBS was unaffected by glib enclamide but inhibited by DIDS. Taken together, our results suggest that alternative, non‐GC‐C, receptors likely exist for STa, uroguanylin, and guanylin in the intestines of mice. While uroguanylin‐ and guanylin‐stimulated DBS are cystic fibrosis transmembrane con ductance regulator (CFTR) dependent, STa‐stimulated DBS is CFTR independent. Further understanding of this alternative receptor and its signaling pathway may provide important insights into rectification of intesti nal bicarbonate secretion in cystic fibrosis. —Sellers, Z. M. , Mann, E. , Smith, A. , Ko, K. H. , Giannella, R. , Cohen, M. B. , Barrett, K. E. , Dong, H. Heat‐stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (STa) can stimulate du odenal HCO3− secretion via a novel GC‐C‐ and CFTR‐ independent pathway. FASEB J. 22, 1306–1316 (2008)
Arithmetic Fuchsian Groups of Genus Zero

If i is a flnite co-area Fuchsian group acting on H 2 , then the quotient H 2 =i is a hyperbolic 2-orbifold, with underlying space an orientable surface (possibly with punctures) and a flnite number of cone points. Through their close connections with number theory and the theory of automorphic forms, arithmetic Fuchsian groups form a widely studied and interesting subclass of flnite co-area Fuchsian groups. This paper is concerned with the distribution of arithmetic Fuchsian groups i for which the underlying surface of the orbifold H 2 =i is of genus zero; for short we say i is of genus zero. The motivation for the study of these groups comes from many difierent view
Medical outcomes study short form 36: testing and cross-validating a second-order factorial structure for health system employees.

OBJECTIVE To test the factorial validity of the SF-36. DATA SOURCE Sample data collected in 1995 and 1996 using telephone interviews with health system employees as part of a study of health status. METHODS OF ANALYSIS Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used to evaluate the data. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The results of this study suggest that (1) Mental Health and Physical Health are not independent; (b) Mental Health cross-loads onto Physical Health; (c) general health loads onto Mental Health instead of Physical Health; (d) many of the error terms are correlated; (e) the physical function subscale is not reliable across the samples or the "age" or "education" subgroups; and (f) the mental health subscale path from Mental Health is not reliable across some subgroups. This hierarchical factor pattern was replicated across both samples. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the second-order factorial structure of the SF-36. Adding the covariance path between the variables Physical Health and Mental Health improved model fit. Two paths from the second-order latent variables to the first-order latent variables differ from the original hypothesized structure of the SF-36. Health perception was influenced by Mental Health rather than Physical Health, and mental health was influenced by both Mental Health and Physical Health. This cross-loading suggests that the perception of Physical Health greatly affects mental health. Scale instabilities in the SF-36 across subgroups suggest that a comparison of mean scores or summary scores is inappropriate. Data interpretation can be improved if multigroups structural equation modeling is used.
Descriptive Analysis of Teacher Instructional Practices and Student Engagement Among Adolescents With and Without Challenging Behavior

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine teacher and student behavior in high school classrooms that included at least one student identified with challenging behavior. Across two school years and within the content areas of math, reading/English, social studies, and science, student/teacher dyads were directly observed in the typical classroom setting. Results are described in terms of overall teacher rates per minute and percentages of observed instructional practice. The degree to which teacher and student behaviors differed across students with and without challenging behaviors is described. Findings revealed relatively low rates of specific instructional practices, increased use of negative feedback for students with identified challenging behaviors, and variable levels of student engagement. Study limitations and areas for future research are discussed.
The Clothing and Textiles Research Journal: An Empirical Examination

The purpose of this study was to examine volumes 1 through 7 of the Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (CTRJ) in relation to past trends in content areas of research reported, authorship, and sources of citations. Seven subject matter areas were identified: apparel design and manufacturing, consumer issues, cultural/historical, educational merchandising, social/psychological, and textile science. Of these, social/psychological research represented 26% of the empirical articles. Studies which focused on apparel design and manufacturing increased in number as the journal matured Individuals affiliated with land-grant institutions authored 94 of the 145 articles published Funding sources were acknowledged in one fourth of the articles. The Home Economics Research Journal was the most frequently cited publication in CTRJ articles.
Yin-Yang Regulation of Adiponectin Signaling by APPL Isoforms in Muscle Cells*

APPL1 is a newly identified adiponectin receptor-binding protein that positively mediates adiponectin signaling in cells. Here we report that APPL2, an isoform of APPL1 that forms a dimer with APPL1, can interacts with both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and acts as a negative regulator of adiponectin signaling in muscle cells. Overexpression of APPL2 inhibits the interaction between APPL1 and AdipoR1, leading to down-regulation of adiponectin signaling in C2C12 myotubes. In contrast, suppressing APPL2 expression by RNAi significantly enhances adiponectin-stimulated glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation. In addition to targeting directly to and competing with APPL1 in binding with the adiponectin receptors, APPL2 also suppresses adiponectin and insulin signaling by sequestrating APPL1 from these two pathways. In addition to adiponectin, metformin also induces APPL1-APPL2 dissociation. Taken together, our results reveal that APPL isoforms function as an integrated Yin-Yang regulator of adiponectin signaling and mediate the cross-talk between adiponectin and insulin signaling pathways in muscle cells.
Association between oral sildenafil dosing, predicted exposure, and systemic hypotension in hospitalised infants

Abstract Background The relationship between sildenafil dosing, exposure, and systemic hypotension in infants is incompletely understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterise the relationship between predicted sildenafil exposure and hypotension in hospitalised infants. Methods We extracted information on sildenafil dosing and clinical characteristics from electronic health records of 348 neonatal ICUs from 1997 to 2013, and we predicted drug exposure using a population pharmacokinetic model. Results We identified 232 infants receiving sildenafil at a median dose of 3.2 mg/kg/day (2.0, 6.0). The median steady-state area under the concentration–time curve over 24 hours (AUC24,SS) and maximum concentration of sildenafil (Cmax,SS,SIL) were 712 ng×hour/ml (401, 1561) and 129 ng/ml (69, 293), respectively. Systemic hypotension occurred in 9% of the cohort. In multivariable analysis, neither dosing nor exposure were associated with systemic hypotension: odds ratio=0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.81, 1.14) for sildenafil dose; 0.87 (0.59, 1.28) for AUC24,SS; 1.19 (0.78, 1.82) for Cmax,SS,SIL. Conclusions We found no association between sildenafil dosing or exposure with systemic hypotension. Continued assessment of sildenafil’s safety profile in infants is warranted.
Cruising is Believing?: Comparing Internet and Traditional Sources on Media Credibility Measures

This study surveyed politically-interested Web users online to examine whether they view Web publications as credible as their traditionally- delivered counterparts. Credibility is crucial for the Internet because past studies suggest people are less likely to pay attention to media they do not perceive as credible. This study found online media tended to be judged more credible than their traditional versions. However, both online and traditional media were only judged as somewhat credible.
Mapping Tropical Rainforest Canopy Disturbances in 3D by COSMO-SkyMed Spotlight InSAR-Stereo Data to Detect Areas of Forest Degradation

Assessment of forest degradation has been emphasized as an important issue for emission calculations, but remote sensing based detecting of forest degradation is still in an early phase of development. The use of optical imagery for degradation assessment in the tropics is limited due to frequent cloud cover. Recent studies based on radar data often focus on classification approaches of 2D backscatter. In this study, we describe a method to detect areas affected by forest degradation from digital surface models derived from COSMO-SkyMed X-band Spotlight InSAR-Stereo Data. Two test sites with recent logging activities were chosen in Cameroon and in the Republic of Congo. Using the full resolution COSMO-SkyMed digital surface model and a 90-m resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission model or a mean filtered digital surface model we calculate difference models to detect canopy disturbances. The extracted disturbance gaps are aggregated to potential degradation areas and then evaluated with respect to reference areas extracted from RapidEye and Quickbird optical imagery. Results show overall accuracies above 75% for assessing degradation areas with the presented methods.
Prognostic importance of volumetric measurements in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE To perform volumetric analysis of stage I lung adenocarcinomas by using an automated computer program and to determine value of volumetric computed tomographic (CT) measurements associated with prognostic factors and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients (n = 145) with stage I lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery after preoperative chest CT were enrolled. By using volumetric automated computer-assisted analytic program, nodules were classified into three subgroups: pure ground glass, part solid, or solid. Total tumor volume, solid tumor volume, and percentage of solid volume of each cancer were calculated after eliminating vessel components. One radiologist measured the longest diameter of the solid tumor component and of total tumor with their ratio, which was defined as solid proportion. The value of these quantitative data by examining associations with pathologic prognostic factors and outcome measures (disease-free survival and overall survival) were analyzed with logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models, respectively. Significant parameters identified at univariate analysis were included in the multiple analyses. RESULTS All 22 recurrences occurred in patients with nodules classified as part solid or solid. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that percentage of solid volume of 63% or greater was an independent indicator associated with pleural invasion (P = .01). Multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that percentage of solid volume of 63% or greater was a significant indicator of lower disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 18.45 [95% confidence interval: 4.34, 78.49]; P < .001). Both solid tumor volume of 1.5 cm(3) or greater and percentage of solid volume of 63% or greater were significant indicators of decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 5.92 and 9.60, respectively [95% confidence interval: 1.17, 30.33 and 1.17, 78.91, respectively]; P = .034 and .036, respectively). CONCLUSION Two volumetric measurements (solid volume, ≥1.5 cm(3); percentage of solid volume, ≥63%) were found to be independent indicators associated with increased likelihood of recurrence and/or death in patients with stage I adenocarcinoma.
Object-Level saliency detection combining the contrast and spatial compactness hypothesis

Object-level saliency detection is an important branch of visual saliency. Most previous methods are based on the contrast hypothesis which regards the regions presenting high contrast in a certain context as salient. Although the contrast hypothesis is valid in many cases, it can’t handle some difficult cases, especially when the salient object is large. To make up for the deficiencies of contrast hypothesis, we incorporate a novel spatial compactness hypothesis which can effectively handle those tough cases. In addition, we propose a unified framework which integrates multiple saliency maps generated on different feature maps built on different hypotheses. Our algorithm can automatically select saliency maps of high quality according to the quality evaluation score defined in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that each key component of our method contributes to the final performance and the full version of our method outperforms all state-of-the-art methods on the most popular dataset.
ClaimEval: Integrated and Flexible Framework for Claim Evaluation Using Credibility of Sources

The World Wide Web (WWW) has become a rapidly growing platform consisting of numerous sources which provide supporting or contradictory information about claims (e.g., "Chicken meat is healthy"). In order to decide whether a claim is true or false, one needs to analyze content of different sources of information on the Web, measure credibility of information sources, and aggregate all these information. This is a tedious process and the Web search engines address only part of the overall problem, viz., producing only a list of relevant sources. In this paper, we present ClaimEval, a novel and integrated approach which given a set of claims to validate, extracts a set of pro and con arguments from the Web information sources, and jointly estimates credibility of sources and correctness of claims. ClaimEval uses Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL), resulting in a flexible and principled framework which makes it easy to state and incorporate different forms of prior-knowledge. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate ClaimEval’s capability in determining validity of a set of claims, resulting in improved accuracy compared to state-of-the-art baselines.
Mechanisms of 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Uptake at the Choroid Plexus

Abstract : 5‐Aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) is a precursor of porphyrins and heme that has been implicated in the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with porphyrias. It is also being used clinically to delineate malignant gliomas. The blood‐CSF barrier may be an important interface for 5‐ALA transport between blood and brain as in vivo studies have indicated 5‐ALA is taken up by the choroid plexuses whereas the normal blood‐brain barrier appears to be relatively impermeable. This study examines the mechanisms of 5‐[3H]ALA uptake into isolated rat lateral ventricle choroid plexuses. Results suggest that there are two uptake mechanisms. The first was a Na+‐independent uptake system that was pH dependent (being stimulated at low pH). Uptake was inhibited by the dipeptide Gly‐Gly and by cefadroxil, an α‐amino‐containing cephalosporin. These properties are the same as the proton‐dependent peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2, which have recently been shown to transport 5‐ALA in frog oocyte expression experiments. Choroid plexus uptake was not inhibited by captopril, a PEPT1 inhibitor, suggesting PEPT2‐mediated uptake. The presence of PEPT2 and absence of PEPT1 in the choroid plexus were confirmed by western blotting. The second potential mechanism was both Na+ and HCO3‐ dependent and appears to be an organic anion transporter, although it is possible that removal of Na+ and HCO3‐ may indirectly affect PEPT2 by affecting intracellular pH. The presence of PEPT2 and a putative Na+/HCO3‐‐dependent organic anion transporter is important not only for an understanding of 5‐ALA movement between blood and brain but also because these transporters may affect the distribution of a number of drugs between blood and CSF.
Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review

Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of poor health. Nutrition and policy science have advanced rapidly, creating confusion yet also providing powerful opportunities to reduce the adverse health and economic impacts of poor diets. This review considers the history, new evidence, controversies, and corresponding lessons for modern dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Major identified themes include the importance of evaluating the full diversity of diet-related risk pathways, not only blood lipids or obesity; focusing on foods and overall diet patterns, rather than single isolated nutrients; recognizing the complex influences of different foods on long-term weight regulation, rather than simply counting calories; and characterizing and implementing evidence-based strategies, including policy approaches, for lifestyle change. Evidence-informed dietary priorities include increased fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, yogurt, and minimally processed whole grains; and fewer red meats, processed (eg, sodium-preserved) meats, and foods rich in refined grains, starch, added sugars, salt, and trans fat. More investigation is needed on the cardiometabolic effects of phenolics, dairy fat, probiotics, fermentation, coffee, tea, cocoa, eggs, specific vegetable and tropical oils, vitamin D, individual fatty acids, and diet-microbiome interactions. Little evidence to date supports the cardiometabolic relevance of other popular priorities: eg, local, organic, grass-fed, farmed/wild, or non–genetically modified. Evidence-based personalized nutrition appears to depend more on nongenetic characteristics (eg, physical activity, abdominal adiposity, gender, socioeconomic status, culture) than genetic factors. Food choices must be strongly supported by clinical behavior change efforts, health systems reforms, novel technologies, and robust policy strategies targeting economic incentives, schools and workplaces, neighborhood environments, and the food system. Scientific advances provide crucial new insights on optimal targets and best practices to reduce the burdens of diet-related cardiometabolic diseases.
Staying True to the Laughter in Nigerian Classrooms

Growing from my years as a lecturer in a Nigerian university in the early 1980s, the stories which begin this paper evoke puzzling, small moments in the life of contemporary Nigerian (Yoruba) classrooms, particularly in the teaching of mathematics and science. Conventional wisdom would pass these by as irrational glitches, yet because they challenged my assumptions about numbers, they shook me, and this effect was magnified because no one else seemed to feel anything amiss. These moments of disconcertment sometimes spontaneously expressed themselves in an up-welling laughter. In responding to the stories I argue that keeping the disconcertment is important, it alerts us that here is an occasion for telling stories which might generate new possibilities for answering moral questions of how to live. I go on to juxtapose three accounts of quantifying: a universalist account; a relativist account; and finally an account of quantifying as realized through embodied routines and repetitions. We can understand the last as a version of an ‘actor network’ account. I argue that the problem with the universalist and relativist accounts of quantifying is that they explain away the disconcertment in distributing praise and blame and legislating answers to the question ‘How should we live? '. An embodied account of quantifying brings with it the possibility of in/foresightful stories and showing how the truths which numbers make, came to be.