Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What You Say Is What You Get: How Self-Disclosure in Support Seeking Affects Language Use in Support Provision in Online Support Forums

This experimental study examined how depth of self-disclosure (baseline, peripheral, core) in support-seeking posts influenced forum viewers’ interaction involvement and reciprocal self-disclosure in their responses. A series of competing hypotheses derived from several theoretical frameworks were tested. Results obtained from computerized text analyses showed that self-concept self-disclosure was associated with higher levels of interaction involvement and reciprocal self-disclosure in viewers’ response messages. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Is There A Tradeoff Between Audience Costs and Diplomatic Success in Crisis Bargaining ?

It is conventional wisdom in crisis bargaining literature that the ability of generating higher audience costs is an advantage. However, empirical studies show that democratic states raise their sensitivities to audience costs in some crises but try low-key ways in many others. This paper shows that this inconsistency is not against the audience costs theory, and that states may prefer not to use this mechanism in some circumstances. That is, in crises where “benefit-cost” ratio is sufficiently low, having greater sensitivity to audience costs undermines democratic states’ diplomatic success. Thus, following low-key ways is an optimal strategy in
Exoplanetary system WASP-3 : measurement of the projected spin-orbit angle and evidence for stellar activity

In this thesis, I present new spectroscopic and photometric observations of WASP-3, a transiting extrasolar planetary system. From spectra obtained during two transits, I use the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect in a simplified physical model to determine the projected spin-orbit angle between the planetary orbital axis and the stellar rotation axis, A = 2 . 91 4 degrees. I use the new photometric data to refine the system parameters. Additionally, I present evidence for stellar activity, as the spectra obtained on UT June 19, 2008 reveal an increase in radial velocity to a peak magnitude of 75 m s1 larger than the expected orbital velocity. Such an anomaly was not observed during a subsequent transit. I find that a good fit to the radial velocity measurements requires omitting the anomalous data and adding a large stellar jitter of 11 m s 1 to the measurement uncertainties. The resulting planetary mass, Mp = 2.14:006 MJ differs from previously reported measurements which found Mp = 1.76-0. M . Together, these observations provide evidence for a region of stellar activity on WASP-3, and the observed anomaly suggests that material in this region exhibited a coherent horizontal motion of appoximately 10 km s-' across the stellar surface at the limb. Thesis Supervisor: Professor Joshua N. Winn Title: Department of Physics
BALANCING THE ENERGY BUDGET BETWEEN STAR FORMATION AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN HIGH-REDSHIFT INFRARED LUMINOUS GALAXIES

We present deep Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy, along with 16, 24, 70, and 850 μm photometry, for 22 galaxies located in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) field. The sample spans a redshift range of 0.6 ≲ z ≲ 2.6, 24 μm flux densities between ∼0.2 and 1.2 mJy, and consists of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), X-ray or optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and optically faint (zAB > 25 mag) sources. We find that infrared (IR; 8–1000 μm) luminosities derived by fitting local spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with 24 μm photometry alone are well matched to those when additional mid-infrared spectroscopic and longer wavelength photometric data are used for galaxies having z ≲ 1.4 and 24 μm-derived IR luminosities typically ≲3 × 1012L☉. However, for galaxies in the redshift range between 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 2.6, typically having 24-μm-derived IR luminosities ≳3 × 1012L☉, IR luminosities are overestimated by an average factor of ∼5 when SED fitting with 24 μm photometry alone. This result arises partly due to the fact that high-redshift galaxies exhibit aromatic feature equivalent widths that are large compared to local galaxies of similar luminosities. Using improved estimates for the IR luminosities of these sources, we investigate whether their infrared emission is found to be in excess relative to that expected based on extinction-corrected UV star formation rates (SFRs), possibly suggesting the presence of an obscured AGN. Through a spectral decomposition of mid-infrared spectroscopic data, we are able to isolate the fraction of IR luminosity arising from an AGN as opposed to star formation activity. This fraction is only able to account for ∼30% of the total IR luminosity among the entire sample and ∼35% of the “excess” IR emission among these sources, on average, suggesting that AGNs are not the dominant cause of the inferred “mid-infrared excesses” in these systems. Of the sources identified as having mid-infrared excesses, half are accounted for by using proper bolometric corrections while half show the presence of obscured AGNs. This implies sky and space densities for Compton-thick AGNs of ∼1600 deg−2 and ∼1.3 × 10−4 Mpc−3, respectively. We also note that IR luminosities derived from SED fitting the mid-infrared and 70 μm broadband photometry agree within ∼50% to those values estimated using the additional mid-infrared spectroscopic and submillimeter data. An inspection of the far-infrared (FIR)–radio correlation shows no evidence for evolution over this redshift range. However, we find that the SMGs have IR/radio ratios which are a factor of ∼3 lower, on average, than what is measured for star-forming galaxies in the local universe.
Effects of Group Psychotherapy on Young Adults’ Romantic and Career Functioning

A growing number of young adults have difficulties meeting developmental challenges and experience psychological distress as a consequence of which they seek help to address these difficulties. A time-limited group psychotherapy focusing on addressing age-related tasks was developed to meet the needs of young people. Thirty-one young people seeking psychological help participated in 16 to 18 sessions of group psychotherapy. Psychological distress and goal pursuit capabilities were assessed at the beginning and the end of therapy. Compared with young people on a waiting list, participants undergoing group psychotherapy showed a significant decrease in psychological distress and increase in adaptive goal pursuit and independent functioning. Our findings indicate the importance of integrating a developmental perspective in group intervention to enhance young adults’ competence in handling age-related tasks, as well as to improve their well-being.
Association of immune recovery with hyperlipidaemia and apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms following highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of Chinese HIV patients

Objective To examine the associations between CD4 recovery, dyslipidaemia and apolipoprotein (APO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Design Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting A major HIV care clinic in Hong Kong. Participants 197 Chinese treatment-naïve HIV patients. Outcome measures Maximum CD4 count and its rise 2–3 years after HAART initiation and their association with abnormal total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and 8 selected APO SNP at multiple time points. Results Before HAART, abnormal levels of TC, TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected in 13%, 26%, 59% and 19% of the recruited patients, respectively. APOA5 −1131T>C and c.553G>T were significantly associated with high pre-HAART TG while APOE 2198C>T was correlated with high TG at baseline and/or a rise 2–3 years following HAART initiation. Poor CD4 achievement, defined as the highest CD4 count <350/μL and a net gain of <100/μL, was associated with a low CD4 count ≤200/μL at baseline and a rise of TC beyond 5.17 mmol/L following HAART with or without the use of antilipid agents. Conversely, satisfactory CD4 achievement was associated with APOC3 3238GG genotype. Applying a linear generalised estimating equation, APOA5 −1131T>C was shown to be a predictor of a weaker temporal trend for CD4 response in the presence of a low baseline CD4≤200/μL. Conclusions Dyslipidaemia plays a predictive role in impacting immunological recovery following HAART, which could be partly explained by the APO gene SNP.
Lactate and Proton Dynamics in the Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

Chronically cannulated rainbow trout were subjected to 6 min of severe burst exercise and monitored over a 12 h recovery period. There were short-lived increases in haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma protein, Na+ and Cl− levels. Plasma [Cl−] later declined below normal as organic anions accumulated. A much larger and more prolonged elevation in plasma [K+] probably resulted from intracellular acidosis. An intense extracellular acidosis was initially of equal respiratory (i.e. P a ,CO a ,CO2) a nd metabolic (i.e. ΔH+m) origin. However P a ,CO a ,CO2 was rapidly corrected while the metabolic component persisted. Plasma ammonia increases had negligible influence on acid-base status. Elevations in blood lactate (ΔLa−) were equal to ΔH+m immediately post-exercise but later rose to twice the latter. Simultaneous white muscle biopsies and blood samples demonstrated that muscle to blood gradients of lactate and pyruvate were maximal immediately post-exercise. As blood levels rose and muscle levels declined, an approximate equilibrium was reached after 4 h of recovery. Intra-arterial infusions of lactic acid in resting trout produced a severe but rapidly corrected metabolic acidosis. The rates of disappearance of ΔH+m and ΔLa− from the blood were equal. Infusions of similar amounts of sodium lactate produced a small, prolonged metabolic alkalosis with a much slower ΔLa− disappearance rate. It is suggested that the excess of ΔLa− over ΔH+m in the blood after exercise is associated with differential release rates of the two species from white muscle rather than differential removal rates from the bloodstream, and that the majority of the lactic acid load in muscle is removed by metabolism in situ .
Al-Qa'ida's West African Advance: Nigeria's Boko Haram, Mali's Touareg, and the Spread of Salafi Jihadism

Micha’el Tanchum is a fellow in the Department of Middle East and Islamic Studies at the Shalem Center in Jerusalem, where, employing sociological and anthropological methods to examine the interaction between religion and politics in contemporary Muslim societies, he is conducting comparative research on how the interaction of religion and nationalism affects the development of stable, civil societies. Dr. Tanchum also teaches in the Department of Middle East and African History at Tel Aviv University.
Hindsight/RREB-1 functions in both the specification and differentiation of stem cells in the adult midgut of Drosophila

ABSTRACT The adult Drosophila midgut is established during the larval/pupal transition from undifferentiated cells known as adult midgut precursors (AMPs). Four fundamental cell types are found in the adult midgut epithelium: undifferentiated intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their committed daughter cells, enteroblasts (EBs), plus enterocytes (ECs) and enteroendocrine cells (EEs). Using the Drosophila posterior midgut as a model, we have studied the function of the transcription factor Hindsight (Hnt)/RREB-1 and its relationship to the Notch and Egfr signaling pathways. We show that hnt is required for EC differentiation in the context of ISC-to-EC differentiation, but not in the context of AMP-to-EC differentiation. In addition, we show that hnt is required for the establishment of viable or functional ISCs. Overall, our studies introduce hnt as a key factor in the regulation of both the developing and the mature adult midgut. We suggest that the nature of these contextual differences can be explained through the interaction of hnt with multiple signaling pathways. Summary: Hindsight, the Drosophila homolog of RREB-1, can promote and is required for enterocyte differentiation specifically in the adult midgut. Enterocyte differentiation during the larval/pupal transition does not require Hindsight.
Application of the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane in Neurosurgery Disease

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a highly vascularized extraembryonic membrane. Because of its ease of accessibility, extensive vascularization and immunodeficient environment, the CAM has been broadly used in the oncology, biology, pharmacy, and tissue regeneration research. The present review summarizes the application of the CAM in neurosurgery disease research. We focused on the use of the CAM as an assay for the research of glioma, vascular anomalies, Moyamoya Disease, and the blood-brain barrier.
The LOV Protein of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Plays a Significant Role in the Counteraction of Plant Immune Responses during Citrus Canker

Pathogens interaction with a host plant starts a set of immune responses that result in complex changes in gene expression and plant physiology. Light is an important modulator of plant defense response and recent studies have evidenced the novel influence of this environmental stimulus in the virulence of several bacterial pathogens. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is the bacterium responsible for citrus canker disease, which affects most citrus cultivars. The ability of this bacterium to colonize host plants is influenced by bacterial blue-light sensing through a LOV-domain protein and disease symptoms are considerably altered upon deletion of this protein. In this work we aimed to unravel the role of this photoreceptor during the bacterial counteraction of plant immune responses leading to citrus canker development. We performed a transcriptomic analysis in Citrus sinensis leaves inoculated with the wild type X. citri subsp. citri and with a mutant strain lacking the LOV protein by a cDNA microarray and evaluated the differentially regulated genes corresponding to specific biological processes. A down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes (together with a corresponding decrease in photosynthesis rates) was observed upon bacterial infection, this effect being more pronounced in plants infected with the lov-mutant bacterial strain. Infection with this strain was also accompanied with the up-regulation of several secondary metabolism- and defense response-related genes. Moreover, we found that relevant plant physiological alterations triggered by pathogen attack such as cell wall fortification and tissue disruption were amplified during the lov-mutant strain infection. These results suggest the participation of the LOV-domain protein from X. citri subsp. citri in the bacterial counteraction of host plant defense response, contributing in this way to disease development.
Cognitive Control and Motivation in Children with ADHD: How Reinforcement Interacts with the Assessment and Training of Executive Functioning

This dissertation focuses on the interaction between two neuropsychological processes that are proposed to play a pivotal role in explaining the problems of children with ADHD: executive functioning (EF) and motivation. We examined the effects of reinforcement on assessment and training of EF in children with ADHD. Visuospatial working memory (WM) is considered the most impaired EF in children with ADHD, and is composed of short-term memory and a central executive. Conclusions: (1) both executive- and motivational deficits give rise to the visuospatial WM deficits of children with ADHD, (2) within both the combined subtype (ADHD-C) and the inattentive subtype of ADHD (ADHD-I) only a minority of children has motivational deficits, (3) even with these motivational deficits taken into account, the majority of children with ADHD-C and 33.3% of children with ADHD-I are impaired on visuospatial WM, (4) in contrast to children with ADHD-C, children with ADHD-I seem unimpaired on visuospatial short-term memory; only an impaired central executive and motivational impairments give rise to their deficits in visuospatial WM, (5) visuospatial WM and motivation represent independent neuropsychological domains, (6) problems with task-persistence in children with ADHD-C result primarily from motivational deficits, (7) gamification can maximize performance in children with ADHD-C, (8) gamification of a WM-training can improve motivation and training-performance in children with ADHD, and can enhances the efficacy of training, and (9) in multiple EF-training, not the training of EF, but mainly nonspecific treatment factors seem related to the far transfer effects that are found on EF and behavior.
Goal Orientation and Goal Setting: Predicting Performance by Integrating Four-Factor Goal Orientation Theory with Goal Setting Processes

This study integrated four-factor goal orientation theory with goal setting theory, two related but separate research streams. 335 undergraduate business students participated by indicating their goal orientations, self-efficacy, and self-set goal for the semester. At the end of the semester, their final class grade was recorded. Results from the LISREL mediational model indicated that after controlling for ability, the four goal orientation variables differentially influenced self-efficacy, selfSeoul Journal of Business Volume 13, Number 1 (June 2007) * Main author, Assistant Professor, School of Business, Montclair State University (radosevichd@mail.montclair.edu). ** Coauthor, Assistant Professor, School of Business, Montclair State University (allynm@mail.montclair.edu). *** Coauthor, Assistant Professor, College of Business Administration, Seoul National University (syun@snu.ac.kr). This study was supported by the Institute of Management Research of Seoul National University. set goals, and performance. Further, self-efficacy positively influenced goals and goals positively influenced performance. The integration of a four-factor model with goal setting processes served as a useful model to predict academic performance.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 prevents miR-122 production in neighbouring cells to curtail its intercellular transfer to ensure proliferation of human hepatoma cells

miRNAs are 20–22 nt long post-transcriptional regulators in metazoan cells that repress protein expression from their target mRNAs. These tiny regulatory RNAs follow tissue and cell-type specific expression pattern, aberrations of which are associated with various diseases. miR-122 is a liver-specific anti-proliferative miRNA that, we found, can be transferred via exosomes between human hepatoma cells, Huh7 and HepG2, grown in co-culture. Exosomal miR-122, expressed and released by Huh7 cells and taken by miR-122 deficient HepG2 cells, was found to be effective in repression of target mRNAs and to reduce growth and proliferation of recipient HepG2 cells. Interestingly, in a reciprocal process, HepG2 secretes Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) that decreases miR-122 expression in Huh7 cells. Our observations suggest existence of a reciprocal interaction between two different hepatic cells with distinct miR-122 expression profiles. This interaction is mediated via intercellular exosome-mediated miR-122 transfer and countered by a reciprocal IGF1-dependent anti-miR-122 signal. According to our data, human hepatoma cells use IGF1 to prevent intercellular exosomal transfer of miR-122 to ensure its own proliferation by preventing expression of growth retarding miR-122 in neighbouring cells.
Competing on Good Politicians

Is electoral competition good for political selection? To address this issue, we introduce a theoretical model where ideological parties select and allocate high-valence (experts) and low-valence (party loyalists) candidates into electoral districts. Voters care about a national policy (e.g., party ideology) and the valence of their district's candidates. High-valence candidates are more costly for the parties to recruit. We show that parties compete by selecting and allocating good politicians to the most contestable districts. Empirical evidence on Italian members of parliament confirms this prediction: politicians with higher ex ante quality, measured by years of schooling, previous market income, and local government experience, are more likely to run in contestable districts. Indeed, despite being different on average, politicians belonging to opposite political coalitions converge to high-quality levels in close electoral races. Furthermore, politicians elected in contestable districts have fewer absences in parliament, due to a selection effect more than to reelection incentives.
Evidence of a Louse-Borne Outbreak Involving Typhus in Douai, 1710-1712 during the War of Spanish Succession

Background The new field of paleomicrobiology allows past outbreaks to be identified by testing dental pulp of human remains with PCR. Methods We identified a mass grave in Douai, France dating from the early XVIIIth century. This city was besieged during the European war of Spanish succession. We tested dental pulp from 1192 teeth (including 40 from Douai) by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for R. prowazekii and B. quintana. We also used ultra-sensitive suicide PCR to detect R. prowazekii and genotyped positive samples. Results and Discussion In the Douai remains, we identified one case of B. quintana infection (by qPCR) and R. prowazekii (by suicide PCR) in 6/21 individuals (29%). The R. prowazekii was genotype B, a genotype previously found in a Spanish isolate obtained in the first part of the XXth century. Conclusion Louse-borne outbreaks were raging during the XVIIIth century; our results support the hypothesis that typhus was imported into Europe by Spanish soldiers from America.
Monitoring of gamma-irradiated Yb-doped optical fibers through the pump induced refractive index change effect

We report on the method for monitoring of the modifications in Yb-doped optical fibers irradiated by gamma-rays with the doses 1, 2, 4 and 8 kGy. This method is based on the refractive index change (RIC) effect induced in the tested fibers by square modulated optical pump pulses of 1 ms duration at 980 nm with the power up to 100 mW. The applied in-situ monitoring is based on interferometric technique and highlights the key parameters of the RIC effect that allows to characterize quantitatively the degree of the fiber degradation under the gamma irradiation.
Arrest in Hepatoma Cells High Rates of Thioredoxin Secretion Correlate with Growth Updated

Thioredoxin (TRX), a disulfide-reducing intracellular dithiol enzyme, is synthesized by both normal liver cells and the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. Only the former, however, secrete abundant TRX extracellularly. When cultured in mild reducing conditions, HepG2 cells but not normal hepatocytes increase the rate of TRX secretion and undergo growth inhibition accompanied by morphological changes. Also, recombinant TRX inhibits proliferation of HepG2 cells. In contrast, exogenous thiols and TRX stimulate proliferation of a B-cell lymphoma line, indicating that different cell types respond differently to variations in the extracellular redox potential. ing activities (17). In this regard, it has to be noted that an appropriate extracellular redox potential is required for optimal cell growth in several cell types (18); for instance, exogenous thiols are essential for growth and differentiation of mouse B lymphocytes but not of plasma cells (19-21). Since the liver plays an important role in the mainte nance of the systemic redox potential (22-25), it is not surprising that hepatocytes respond to small changes in the extracellular reducing conditions. In this study, we have examined the effects of reducing agents and of exogenous reduced TRX on proliferation, morphology, and biosynthetic activity of HepG2 hepatoma cells and normal liver cells.