Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Variance Reduction Methods for Saddle-Point Problems

We consider convex-concave saddle-point problems where the objective functions may be split in many components, and extend recent stochastic variance reduction methods (such as SVRG or SAGA) to provide the first large-scale linearly convergent algorithms for this class of problems which is common in machine learning. While the algorithmic extension is straightforward, it comes with challenges and opportunities: (a) the convex minimization analysis does not apply and we use the notion of monotone operators to prove convergence, showing in particular that the same algorithm applies to a larger class of problems, such as variational inequalities, (b) there are two notions of splits, in terms of functions, or in terms of partial derivatives, (c) the split does need to be done with convex-concave terms, (d) non-uniform sampling is key to an efficient algorithm, both in theory and practice, and (e) these incremental algorithms can be easily accelerated using a simple extension of the "catalyst" framework, leading to an algorithm which is always superior to accelerated batch algorithms.
The Immune-Modulatory Role of Apolipoprotein E with Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34.2 kDa glycoprotein characterized by its wide tissue distribution and multiple functions. The nonlipid-related properties of apoE include modulating inflammation and oxidation, suppressing T cell proliferation, regulating macrophage functions, and facilitating lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules to natural killer T (NKT) cells, and so forth. Increasing studies have revealed that APOE ε allele might be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), although evidence is still not sufficient enough. In this review, we summarized the current progress of the immunomodulatory functions of apoE, with special focus on the association of APOE ε allele with the clinical features of MS and of its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Conservative management of adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the method of treatment and outcome of women with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). METHODS Following institutional review board approval, all women diagnosed with cervical AIS from 1987 to 1999 were identified. Data were retrospectively collected by record review and correspondence with medical providers. RESULTS Of 132 women treated with cone biopsy for AIS, 95 (72%) were managed conservatively after cold knife cone or loop electrical excisional procedure alone; 37 (28%) eventually underwent hysterectomy. The median age of diagnosis was 29 years (range, 17-47) in the conservative management group and 40 years (range, 25-72) in the hysterectomy group (P < 0.0001). Seventy-four percent were nulliparous in the conservative group compared with 27% in the hysterectomy group (P < 0.0001). Of the 95 conservatively managed patients, 92 obtained negative margins; three were followed despite positive or unevaluable margins. During a median follow-up of 30 months, 9 women required evaluation for follow-up abnormalities after cone biopsy with negative margins. None had pathologic evidence of recurrent AIS. Twenty-three infants were delivered. Hysterectomy was generally performed for undesired fertility or persistently positive cone margins. One woman required hysterectomy for recurrent AIS. Thirteen (62%) of twenty-one hysterectomy specimens had residual AIS following cone biopsy with positive or unevaluable margins; 1 (6%) of 16 had residual AIS following cone biopsy with negative margins (P < 0.0001). No patient developed invasive adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Younger women with cervical AIS may be effectively treated with cone biopsy alone if negative margins can be achieved.
Integrability of the Vector Short Pulse Equation

Using the Painleve analysis preceded by appropriate transformations of nonlinear systems under investigation, we discover two new cases in which the Pietrzyk–Kanattsikov–Bandelow vector short pulse equation must be integrable due to the results of the Painleve test. Those cases are technologically important because they correspond to the propagation of polarized ultra-short light pulses in usual isotropic silica optical fibers.
Does the length of a questionnaire matter? Expected and unexpected answers from generalizability theory.

Short personality questionnaires are increasingly used in research and practice, with some scales including as few as two to five items per personality domain. Despite the frequency of their use, these short scales are often criticized on the basis of their reduced internal consistencies and their purported failure to assess the breadth of broad constructs, such as the Big 5 factors of personality. One reason for this might be the use of principles routed in Classical Test Theory during test construction. In this study, Generalizability Theory is used to compare psychometric properties of different scales based on the NEO-PI-R and BFI, two widely-used personality questionnaire families. Applying both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Generalizability Theory (GT) allowed to identify the inner workings of test shortening. CTT-based analyses indicated that longer is generally better for reliability, while GT allowed differentiation between reliability for relative and absolute decisions, while revealing how different variance sources affect test score reliability estimates. These variance sources differed with scale length, and only GT allowed clear description of these internal consequences, allowing more effective identification of advantages and disadvantages of shorter and longer scales. Most importantly, the findings highlight the potential error proneness of focusing solely on reliability and scale length in test construction. Practical as well as theoretical consequences are discussed.
Interface of Linguistic and Visual Information During Audience Design

Evidence suggests that speakers can take account of the addressee's needs when referring. However, what representations drive the speaker's audience design has been less clear. This study aims to go beyond previous studies by investigating the interplay between the visual and linguistic context during audience design. Speakers repeated subordinate descriptions (e.g., firefighter) given in the prior linguistic context less and used basic-level descriptions (e.g., man) more when the addressee did not hear the linguistic context than when s/he did. But crucially, this effect happened only when the referent lacked the visual attributes associated with the expressions (e.g., the referent was in plain clothes rather than in a firefighter uniform), so there was no other contextual cue available for the identification of the referent. This suggests that speakers flexibly use different contextual cues to help their addressee map the referring expression onto the intended referent. In addition, speakers used fewer pronouns when the addressee did not hear the linguistic antecedent than when s/he did. This suggests that although speakers may be egocentric during anaphoric reference (Fukumura & Van Gompel, 2012), they can cooperatively avoid pronouns when the linguistic antecedents were not shared with their addressee during initial reference.
Do Interracial Interactions Matter? An Examination of Student-Faculty Contact and Intellectual Self-Concept

Using a longitudinal sample of 7,063 students, this study examined through multilevel regression analyses the impact of interracial interactions on student-faculty relationships and intellectual self-concept. Interracial interactions were positively related to each type of student-faculty interaction, while student-faculty interactions were significant to students' self-perception of academic ability and intellectual self-confidence.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Revisited

Context: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insufficiency of the elbow can be a debilitating injury that often prevents athletes from competing effectively. The overhead athlete is particularly susceptible to this injury because the anterior bundle of the UCL is the primary restraint to the valgus stress that is created during the throwing motion. Repetitive trauma from constant overhead or throwing activity can ultimately render the ligament incompetent and cause recurrent pain and instability. Results: The authors currently use a “docking” technique that provides excellent graft fixation and reduces ulnar nerve related complications. Conclusions: This article details the assessment of the throwing athlete with valgus instability secondary to UCL insufficiency and highlights the technical aspects for reconstruction. The majority of athletes who undergo UCL reconstruction of the elbow can successfully return to their preinjury function. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): A
Participatory video for nutrition training for farmers in Malawi: an analysis of knowledge gain and adoption

This paper explores how participatory video can improve the knowledge and adoption of nutrition and food preparation practices among smallholder farmers in Malawi. Using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, this study found that the participatory video method improved the participants' knowledge as much as the traditional demonstration method. Short-term adoption tests were carried out 7--10 days after the training. The extent of short-term adoption of the technique varied by the training topic. For egg-coated nsima, the overall short-term adoption rate was a little over 60% across the groups, while the rate for egg-coated pumpkin flower was around 32%. This rate for the former practice was significantly lower in the video group (50.9%) than in the traditional demonstration group (75.6%) mainly because the participants were unable to taste and smell the food during the video training. The adoption rate for the latter practice was similar between the two groups.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Organizational Culture & Personality Attributes of Sport Teachers: Evidence from Mazandaran Province in Iran

4 Abstract: The importance of entrepreneurial corporate culture and personality characteristics in the performance of physical education teachers is remarkable. In other words, entrepreneurial corporate culture has an important role in creating the personality characteristics of individuals. Culture is consistent with physical education as a step in education and tries to provide the necessary information and appropriate understanding background for better performance. The issue discussed in this study is whether the entrepreneurial organizational culture is related to entrepreneurial personality characteristics of physical education teachers. The data is related to surveys obtained from PE teachers of Mazandaran province. In this research, in order to collect information library data was used. The validity and reliability of the survey has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha method. In order to analyze the data the SPSS software was applied.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

The past 20-years have seen the development and evaluation of many health status measures. Unlike the high standards demanded of those who conduct and report clinical intervention trials, the methodological rigor for studies examining the sensitivity to change of health status measures are less demanding. It is likely that the absence of a criterion standard for change in health status contributes to this shortcoming. To increase confidence in the results of these types of studies investigators have often calculated multiple change coefficients for the same patient sample. The purpose of this report is to identify the conflict that arises when multiple change coefficients are applied to the same patient sample. Three families of change coefficients based on different assumptions concerning the sample composition are identified: (1) the sample is homogeneous with respect to change; (2) subgroups of patients who truly change by different amounts exist; (3) individual patients, many of whom truly change by different amounts exist. We present several analyses which illustrate a major conceptual conflict: the signal (a measure's true ability to detect change) for some of these coefficients appears in the noise term (measurement error) of the others. We speculate that this dilemma occurs as a result of insufficient preparatory work such as pilot studies to establish the likely change characteristic of the patient population of interest. Uncertainty in the choice of change coefficient could be overcome by conducting pilot studies to ascertain the likely change characteristic of the population of interest. Once the population's change characteristic is identified, the choice of change coefficient should be clear. Review The past two decades have seen considerable interest in the development and evaluation of health status outcome measures [1-14]. Although the assessment of reliability and cross-sectional validity is straightforward, the same cannot be said about the evaluation of a measure's ability to detect change. Investigators have often expressed uncertainty in the choice of study design and analysis, and statements such as the following are common: "Because there is not yet agreement on the optimal design and analysis strategies for a responsiveness study, the authors evaluated the responsiveness of the FRI and RM-18 using two Published: 05 April 2005 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2005, 3:23 doi:10.1186/1477-7525-3-23 Received: 02 March 2005 Accepted: 05 April 2005 This article is available from: http://www.hqlo. com/content/3/1/23 © 2005 Stratford and Riddle; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ichbezogenheit versus Liebe in Paarbeziehungen

Zusammenfassung: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, Zusammenhange zwischen partnerschaftlicher Bindung, Liebesstilen und Narzissmus als einem Personlichkeitsstil zu uberprufen. 45 Studenten und 60 Studentinnen wurden mit Hilfe standardisierter Messinstrumente befragt. Zunachst wurde uberpruft, ob sich die Dimensionen der partnerschaftlichen Bindung und die Liebesstile zu ubergeordneten Dimensionen des Erlebens in Paarbeziehungen zusammenfassen liesen. Drei Dimensionen wurden gefunden: Distanzierung vom Partner, Verunsicherung in der Beziehung und Orientierung an Gemeinschaft und Austausch. Anschliesend wurden Selbsteinschatzungen des Narzissmus zu diesen Dimensionen in Beziehung gesetzt. Narzissmus hing mit allen drei Dimensionen zusammen: Hoch Narzisstische tendierten zur Distanzierung vom Partner durch Untreue, zeigten Verunsicherung und Eifersucht und waren auf der Grundlage einer pragmatischen Einstellung stark austauschorientiert. Die Ergebnisse stutzen die These, dass Narzissmus mit verschiedenen Dimension.
A second-order factor structure of the leadership behaviour inventory

A need for a South African leadership-unit performance structural model, created from the performance index and second-order factor structure of the Leadership Behaviour Inventory was established. This study focuses on the creation of such a second-order factor structure. Theron and Spangenberg (2005) identified three plausible models and highlighted two for further analysis. Theoretical scrutiny supported the two proposed models. The two-factor model was created from the multifactor leadership questionnaire's transformational and transactional second-order factors (Avolio, Bass & Jung, 1999) and the three-factor model comprised the general leadership, management behaviour and supervisory leadership second-order factors of House (1995). Factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the proposed models. Results indicated average-fitting models. The five-factor model proposed by Theron and Spangenberg (2005) comparatively has an improved fit and is viewed as the most plausible model for the creation of the leadership-unit performance structural model.
Challenging Racist Nativist Framing: Acknowledging the Community Cultural Wealth of Undocumented Chicana College Students to Reframe the Immigration Debate

Using the critical race testimonios of ten Chicana undergraduate students at a toptier research university, Lindsay Perez Huber interrogates and challenges the racist nativist framing of undocumented Latina/o immigrants as problematic, burdensome, and "illegal. " Specifically, a community cultural wealth framework (Yosso, 2005) is utilized and expanded to highlight the rich forms of capital existing within the families and communities of these young women that have allowed them to survive, resist, and navigate higher education while simultaneously challenging racist nativist discourses. Reflecting on her data and analysis, Perez Huber ends with a call for a human rights framework that demands the right of all students—and particularly Latinas/os—to live full and free lives.
Rotating Pinus sylvestris Sawlogs by Projecting Knots from X-ray Computed Tomography Images onto a Plane

In this paper, a method for utilizing knot information from computed tomography (CT) scanning of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs was evaluated. A high speed industrial CT scanner is being developed, which will enable scanning of logs in sawmills at production speed. This development calls for the ability to optimize breakdown parameters in a quick manner because there are many decisions to be made and the timeframe for these production decisions is short. One of the important breakdown parameters is in which rotational position to saw a log. The presented method used CT data to create a two-dimensional projection of knot information from a log, in order to minimize the amount of data to analyze. The center of mass of the knot projection relative to the center of the sawing pattern was chosen as the rotational position of the log. The aim was to put large knots on the flat surfaces of the boards, as knots on edge surfaces have a more negative effect on board quality in the sorting rules used in this study. The method was tested by sawing simulation and was compared with the industrial praxis of sawing logs horns down. The results show an increase in board quality and value, albeit for a selected group of Scots pine logs. The method is very sensitive to positioning errors, but it has some potential if sawlog positioning accuracy is improved.
Training Reflective Processes in Military Aircrews Through Holistic Debriefing: The Importance of Facilitator Skills and Development of Trust

This paper explores how Holistic Debrief, a new concept in the field of debriefing and reflective processes, can contribute to restitution, reflection and learning in professional teams following stressful events and routine tasks. Interviews were conducted with Norwegian military aircrew mission commanders following deployment to Afghanistan in 2010. Phenomenological analysis in the frame of social learning theory revealed that reflective processes were easier to facilitate after stressful events than after routine tasks. Challenges identified included lack of trust during the early stages of team establishment and poor conceptual repertoires among aircrew commanders undertaking facilitation. Relational trust and reflective processes tended to improve after stressful events. Repeated interactions in Holistic Debrief tend to increase familiarity, trust and learning potential over time. This study reports data from the war context, an environment not often available for qualitative research. The findings are relevant for military and other operational units who wish to develop their debriefing practice and create an experience‐based learning environment.
The Symbolic Capital of International Work Experiences

Investigating repatriation from an external labor market perspective is a pertinent, but largely under-researched topic. Drawing on Bourdieu's Theory of Practice and using data from 40 semi-structured interviews with German and French repatriates, this manuscript compares the transformation of acquired International Work Experiences (IWEs) into symbolic capital for the re-entry into the German and French career fields. We found some similarities, but more differences in the value and the transformation mechanisms of IWEs into symbolic capital on the German and French labor markets that are explainable by cultural and institutional factors. This study shows that existing national career models are only limitedly convenient to understand careers in an international career mobility context. Our research also demonstrates that especially Bourdieu's concept of (cultural) habitus allows to understand the logical bridges between the micro, meso- and macro levels of international careers. Managerial implications are discussed; limitations of our study and avenues for further research are outlined.
Adherence to Combined Montelukast and Fluticasone Treatment in Economically Disadvantaged African American Youth with Asthma

High rates of asthma treatment nonadherence have been reported, particularly in economically disadvantaged African American youth. The relationship between adherence to combined medication treatment and asthma outcomes has potential clinical significance but is not well understood. Using electronic monitoring, we describe the pattern of adherence to daily corticosteroid (fluticasone) and leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) medication over the course of 1 year in a population of African American youth with moderate to severe asthma. On average, adherence to montelukast was higher than adherence to fluticasone (p < 0.01); however, for both medications, adherence rates significantly declined over the course of the study. After 1 year, participants took only 31% of prescribed doses of montelukast and 23% of prescribed doses of fluticasone. The decline in adherence to both fluticasone (p < 0.05) and montelukast (p < 0.001) was related to increased healthcare utilization. Furthermore, asthma symptom ratings were related montelukast (p < 0.001), but not fluticasone adherence. These results suggest that adherence promotion intervention strategies are warranted to improve health-related outcomes in families who are at-risk for treatment nonadherence.
Leading in Cynical Times

Times of uncertainty often breed cynicism. Disillusionment with people in high places who misuse the public’s trust erodes confidence in leaders. Given that leadership is a relationship—with credibility at the heart of this relationship—we postulate six important requirements for beating the cynics and restoring both the opportunity to lead and to have trust in our leaders.