Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of planar cell polarity genes during development of the mouse CNS

Atypical cadherin (Celsr3) and the receptor Frizzled3 (Fzd3) are crucial for the development of axonal tracts in the mouse CNS. Celsr3 and Fzd3 are orthologues of the Drosophila‘planar cell polarity’ (PCP) genes flamingo/starry night (fmi/stan) and frizzled, respectively. Reasoning that Celsr3 and Fzd3 might interact with PCP orthologues in mammals like they do in flies, we used mRNA in situ hybridization to compare the expression of Celsr3 and Fzd3 with that of dishevelled 1, 2 and 3 (Dvl1–3), van gogh‐like 1 and 2 (Vangl1, 2), and prickle‐like 1 and 2 (Prickle1, 2), during mouse CNS development, from embryonic day 10.5 to postnatal day 21. With the relative exception of Vangl1, all genes were expressed in the developing CNS. Although Celsr3‐ and Fzd3‐deficient mice have similar phenotypes, Fzd3 expression was more widespread than that of Celsr3. Vangl2 and Dvl2 were preferentially expressed in ventricular zones, in keeping with their role during neural tube closure, where they could be partners of Celsr1. Dvl1 had a broad expression, reminiscent of that of Celsr2, and may be involved in neural maintenance. A large overlap in the expression territories of Dvl genes suggested redundancy. Vangl1 and Prickle1 had expression canvases different from each other and from other candidates, indicating unrelated function. Like Celsr3, Dvl3 and Prickle2 were expressed more strongly in postmitotic neurons than in precursors. Thus, the analogy between the PCP and Celsr3–Fzd3 genetic networks is limited, but may include Dvl3 and/or Prickle2.
An Integrated Framework for Risk Response Planning Under Resource Constraints in Large Engineering Projects

Engineering project managers often face a challenge to allocate tight resources for managing interdependent risks. In this paper, a quantitative framework of analysis for supporting decision making in project risk response planning is developed and studied. The design structure matrix representation is used to capture risk interactions and build a risk propagation model for predicting the global mitigation effects of risk response actions. For exemplification, a genetic algorithm is used as a tool for choosing response actions and allocating budget reserves. An application to a real transportation construction project is also presented. Comparison with a sequential forward selection greedy algorithm shows the superiority of the genetic algorithm search for optimal solutions, and its flexibility for balancing mitigation effects and required budget.
LHT: A Low-Maintenance Indexing Scheme over DHTs

DHT is a widely-used building block in P2P systems, and complex queries are gaining popularity in P2P applications. To support efficient query processing over DHTs, effective indexing structures are essential. Recently, a number of indexing schemes have been proposed. However, these schemes have focused on improving query efficiency, and as a trade-off, sacrificed maintenance efficiency - an important performance measure in the P2P context, where frequent data updating and high peer dynamism are typically incurred. In this paper, we propose LHT, a Low maintenance Hash Tree, for efficient data indexing over DHTs. LHT employs a novel naming function and a tree summarization strategy to gracefully distribute its index structure. It is adaptable to any DHT substrates, and is easy to be implemented and deployed. Experiments show that in comparison with the state-of-the-art indexing technique, LHT saves up to 75% (at least 50%) maintenance cost, and achieves better performance for exact-match queries and range queries.
Successful Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae Harboring a Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Isolated from Lumbar Wound Infection and Blood in a Patient with Hardware Retention

Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, represent an urgent threat as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We present a 66-year-old male with spinal stenosis who underwent elective L2-pelvis posterior spinal fusion at an outside institution and rapidly developed a complicated infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. This is the first described case of a patient with Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase causing postoperative lumbar wound infection and bacteremia, successfully treated with ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with additional synergistic antibacterials and without hardware removal.
Presence of Pathogens and Indicator Microbes at a Non-Point Source Subtropical Recreational Marine Beach

ABSTRACT Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south Florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. Twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling events at high or low tide under elevated or reduced solar insolation conditions. The analyses performed included analyses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens), human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (human polyomaviruses [HPyVs] and Enterococcus faecium esp gene), and pathogens (Vibrio vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp.). The enterococcus concentrations in water and sand determined by quantitative PCR were greater than the concentrations determined by membrane filtration measurement. The FIB concentrations in water were below the recreational water quality standards for three of the four sampling events, when pathogens and MST markers were also generally undetectable. The FIB levels exceeded regulatory guidelines during one event, and this was accompanied by detection of HPyVs and pathogens, including detection of the autochthonous bacterium V. vulnificus in sand and water, detection of the allochthonous protozoans Giardia spp. in water, and detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in sand samples. The elevated microbial levels were detected at high tide and under low-solar-insolation conditions. Additional sampling should be conducted to further explore the relationships between tidal and solar insolation conditions and between indicator microbes and pathogens in subtropical recreational marine waters impacted by non-point source pollution.
Analysis of individual cone-photoreceptor directionality using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy has been used to measure individual cone-photoreceptor directionalities in the living human eye. The directionality is determined at different retinal eccentricities where it is expected that cones have diameters ranging between 5–10μm, comparable to the spot size of the incident beam. Individual cone directionality values are compared with the predicted directionalities obtained by using the waveguide model of light coupling to and from photoreceptors for the case of a focused incident beam.
TEXTURE CHANGES AND STORAGE OF RICE

Monthly texture assessments of seven milled rices, differing in amylose content and stored at 28–30°C, verified that three months was the minimum storage period for major changes to occur in hardness of cooked rice, gel consistency, and amylograph viscosity values. Therefore, texture measurements should be done on samples aged at least three months after harvest. Texture changes tend to be greatest for high-amylose rice with hard gel consistency and least for waxy rice. Free fatty acids were highest in stored, waxy, milled rice. Storage under nitrogen instead of air had a slight retarding effect on storage changes of five rices in another study. Surface defatting with petroleum ether had little effect on storage change in cooked rice hardness and stickiness, but reduced the changes in gel consistency and amylograph setback and consistency.
Brain lesions and eating disorders

Objective: To evaluate the relation between lesions of various brain structures and the development of eating disorders and thus inform the neurobiological research on the aetiology of these mental illnesses. Method: We systematically reviewed 54 previously published case reports of eating disorders with brain damage. Lesion location, presence of typical psychopathology, and evidence suggestive of causal association were recorded. Results: Although simple changes in appetite and eating behaviour occur with hypothalamic and brain stem lesions, more complex syndromes, including characteristic psychopathology of eating disorders, are associated with right frontal and temporal lobe damage. Conclusions: These findings challenge the traditional view that eating disorders are linked to hypothalamic disturbance and suggest a major role of frontotemporal circuits with right hemispheric predominance in the pathogenesis.
In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum to N-formimidoyl thienamycin and several cephamycins

The comparative in vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin, cefmetazole, cefoxitin, cefotetan (YM-09330), and moxalactam against 13 isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum was evaluated by agar dilution susceptibility testing. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin inhibited 10 to 12 strains at 6.25 micrograms/ml, cefmetazole inhibited 12 of 13 strains at 12.5 micrograms/ml, cefoxitin inhibited 11 of 13 strains at 25 micrograms/ml, and cefotetan inhibited 11 of 13 strains at 50 micrograms/ml. Moxalactam was less active than the other compounds tested, inhibiting only 9 of 13 strains at 50 micrograms/ml.
High-Resolution Labeling and Functional Manipulation of Specific Neuron Types in Mouse Brain by Cre-Activated Viral Gene Expression

We describe a method that combines Cre-recombinase knockin mice and viral-mediated gene transfer to genetically label and functionally manipulate specific neuron types in the mouse brain. We engineered adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that express GFP, dsRedExpress, or channelrhodopsin (ChR2) upon Cre/loxP recombination-mediated removal of a transcription-translation STOP cassette. Fluorescent labeling was sufficient to visualize neuronal structures with synaptic resolution in vivo, and ChR2 expression allowed light activation of neuronal spiking. The structural dynamics of a specific class of neocortical neuron, the parvalbumin-containing (Pv) fast-spiking GABAergic interneuron, was monitored over the course of a week. We found that although the majority of Pv axonal boutons were stable in young adults, bouton additions and subtractions on axonal shafts were readily observed at a rate of 10.10% and 9.47%, respectively, over 7 days. Our results indicate that Pv inhibitory circuits maintain the potential for structural re-wiring in post-adolescent cortex. With the generation of an increasing number of Cre knockin mice and because viral transfection can be delivered to defined brain regions at defined developmental stages, this strategy represents a general method to systematically visualize the structure and manipulate the function of different cell types in the mouse brain.
Modeling Inheritance of Phase Precession in the Hippocampal Formation

Spatial information about the environment is encoded by the activity of place and grid cells in the hippocampal formation. As an animal traverses a cell's firing field, action potentials progressively shift to earlier phases of the theta oscillation (6–10 Hz). This “phase precession” is observed also in the prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum, but mechanisms for its generation are unknown. However, once phase precession exists in one region, it might also propagate to downstream regions. Using a computational model, we analyze such inheritance of phase precession, for example, from the entorhinal cortex to CA1 and from CA3 to CA1. We find that distinctive subthreshold and suprathreshold features of the membrane potential of CA1 pyramidal cells (Harvey et al., 2009; Mizuseki et al., 2012; Royer et al., 2012) can be explained by inheritance and that excitatory input is essential. The model explains how inhibition modulates the slope and range of phase precession and provides two main testable predictions. First, theta-modulated inhibitory input to a CA1 pyramidal cell is not necessary for phase precession. Second, theta-modulated inhibitory input on its own generates membrane potential peaks that are in phase with peaks of the extracellular field. Furthermore, we suggest that the spatial distribution of field centers of a population of phase-precessing input cells determines, not only the place selectivity, but also the characteristics of phase precession of the targeted output cell. The inheritance model thus can explain why phase precession is observed throughout the hippocampal formation and other areas of the brain.
Development of amorphous SiC for MEMS-based microbridges

This paper reports our effort to develop amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) films specifically designed for MEMS-based microbridges using methane and silane as the precursor gases. In our work, the a-SiC:H films were deposited in a simple, commercial PECVD system at a fixed temperature of 300°C. Films with thicknesses from 100 nm to 1000 nm, a typical range for many MEMS applications, were deposited. Deposition parameters such as deposition pressure and methane-to-silane ratio were varied in order to obtain films with suitable residual stresses. Average residual stress in the as-deposited films selected for device fabrication was found by wafer curvature measurements to be -658 ± 22 MPa, which could be converted to 177 ± 40 MPa after thermal annealing at 450°C, making them suitable for micromachined bridges, membranes and other anchored structures. Bulk micromachined membranes were constructed to determine the Young's modulus of the annealed films, which was found to be 205 ± 6 GPa. Chemical inertness was tested in aggressive solutions such as KOH and HF. Prototype microbridge actuators were fabricated using a simple surface micromachining process to assess the potential of the a-SiC:H films as structural layers for MEMS applications.
Hormonal and Experiential Correlates of Maternal Responsiveness during Pregnancy and the Puerperium in Human Mothers

Two studies were undertaken (1) to determine whether human mothers undergo a change in maternal responsiveness during pregnancy before the birth of the baby, as shown for other mammalian species, and (2) to establish whether a relation exists between changes in maternal feelings and attitudes and changes in hormones. In both studies prospective first-time mothers completed an extensive set of questionnaires, covering a broad range of issues, including a set of 76- to 100-item likert scales concerning attitudes toward infants, childbirth, pregnancy, caretaking, and other interpersonal relationships. In the first cross-sectional study, mothers completed the questionnaires at one of seven time points, ranging from prior to pregnancy to 3 months postpartum. In the longitudinal study, questionnaires were completed repeatedly throughout this same time period. In addition, blood was taken at these same time points and assayed by RIA for plasma concentrations of the steroids, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol. The primary findings are (1) feelings of nurturance grow during pregnancy and from pregnancy to postpartum; in the cross-sectional study, for most of the factors relating to infants or mothering, pregnancy and postpartum responses were more positive than prepregnancy responses; in the longitudinal study, many of these factors also showed elevations across pregnancy itself, as well as further elevations with the birth of the infant. (2) Pregnancy hormones were not related to the growth of attachment to the infant across pregnancy. (3) However, the pattern of change in the ratio of estradiol to progesterone from early to late pregnancy was related to postpartum attachment feelings. (4) Finally, hormonal correlates of attachment feelings may reflect effects both on feelings of nurturance directly and, indirectly, on mothers' feelings of well-being.
Research on the Interlayer Stress and Warpage Deformation in FDM

Abstracts: Fused deposition modeling (FDM), a representative prototyping technology with no use of toxic materials, has been widely used in offices. The reason of interlayer stress and warpage deformation are analyzed in this paper. Under certain conditions, the calculating formula of interlayer stress and the stress-distributing diagram in cut planes are provided, and the mathematical model for warpage deformation calculation is also established. Besides, the influence of the various process parameters on the deformation, such as the number of deposition layers, scanning line length, chamber temperature, and layer thickness, is quantitatively analyzed with measurements provided to minimize deformation.
Designing trust into online experiences

A ncient social traditions were designed to elicit trust during uncertain encounters. Handshaking demonstrated the absence of weapons. Clinking of glasses evolved from pouring wine back and forth to prove it was not poisoned. Now, new social traditions are needed to enhance cooperative behaviors in electronic environments supporting e-commerce, e-services, and online communities. Since users of online systems can’t savor a cup of tea with an electronic rug merchant, designers must develop strategies for facilitating e-commerce and auctions. Since users can’t make eye contact and judge intonations with an online lawyer or physician, designers must create new social norms for professional services. Since users can’t stroll through online communities encountering neighbors with their children, designers must facilitate the trust that enables collective action. In parallel, consumer groups must be vigorous in monitoring and reporting deceptions and disreputable business practices. Political scientist Eric Uslaner of the University of Maryland calls trust “the chicken soup of the social sciences. It brings us all sorts of good things—from a willingness to get involved in our communities to higher rates of economic growth . to making daily life more pleasant. Yet, like chicken soup, it appears to work somewhat mysteriously” [5]. He tries to sort out the mystery by distinguishing between moral trust, or the durable optimistic view that strangers are well-intentioned, and strategic trust, or the willingness of two people to participate in a specific exchange (see Uslaner’s “Social Capital and the Net” in this section). Trust facilitates cooperative behavior. It is a complex term that has generated dozens of doctoral dissertations, not only in sociology and political science, but now in information systems research as well. There are enough dimensions to trust and its failures to keep scholars and philosophers busy for some time, but e-commerce, e-services, and online community designers need a guide to practical action [4]. The designer’s goal is to engage users quickly and establish and preserve strategic trust under challenging situations. But for many users, strategic trust is difficult to generate, shaken easily, and once shaken extremely difficult to rebuild. Strategic trust is fragile. The extensive literature on trust offers multiple perspectives. In his politically oriented book Trust, Francis Fukuyama, a former U.S. State Department analyst, claims: “Trust is the expectation that arises within a community of regular, honest, and cooperative behavior, based on commonly shared norms, on the part of the members of that community” [2]. This compact definition embodies several key con-
Effect of bending and torsion rigidity on self-diffusion in polymer melts: a molecular-dynamics study.

Extensive molecular-dynamics simulations have been performed to study the effect of chain conformational rigidity, controlled by bending and torsion potentials, on self-diffusion in polymer melts. The polymer model employs a novel torsion potential that avoids computational singularities without the need to impose rigid constraints on the bending angles. Two power laws are traditionally used to characterize the dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient on polymer length: D proportional to N(-nu) with nu=1 for NNe (reptation regime), Ne being the entanglement length. Our simulations, at constant temperature and density, up to N=250 reveal that, as the chain rigidity increases, the exponent nu gradually increases towards nu=2.0 for NNe. The value of Ne is slightly increased from 70 for flexible chains, up to the point where the crossover becomes undefined. This behavior is confirmed also by an analysis of the bead mean-square displacement. Subsequent investigations of the Rouse modes, dynamical structure factor, and chain trajectories indicate that the pre-reptation regime, for short stiff chains, is a modified Rouse regime rather than reptation.
SEL: A Unified Algorithm for Entity Linking and Saliency Detection

The Entity Linking task consists in automatically identifying and linking the entities mentioned in a text to their URIs in a given Knowledge Base, e.g., Wikipedia. Entity Linking has a large im- pact in several text analysis and information retrieval related tasks. This task is very challenging due to natural language ambiguity. However, not all the entities mentioned in a document have the same relevance and utility in understanding the topics being dis- cussed. Thus, the related problem of identifying the most relevant entities present in a document, also known as Salient Entities, is attracting increasing interest. In this paper we propose SEL, a novel supervised two-step algo- rithm comprehensively addressing both entity linking and saliency detection. The first step is based on a classifier aimed at identi- fying a set of candidate entities that are likely to be mentioned in the document, thus maximizing the precision of the method with- out hindering its recall. The second step is still based on machine learning, and aims at choosing from the previous set the entities that actually occur in the document. Indeed, we tested two dif- ferent versions of the second step, one aimed at solving only the entity linking task, and the other that, besides detecting linked en- tities, also scores them according to their saliency. Experiments conducted on two different datasets show that the proposed algo- rithm outperforms state-of-the-art competitors, and is able to detect salient entities with high accuracy.