Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk aversion , Under-diversification , and the Role of Recency and Probability Matching

Two experiments are presented that compare alternative explanations to the coexistence of risk aversion and under-diversification (the tendency to focus on few stocks) in investment decisions. The participants were asked to select one of three assets under two feedback conditions. The returns from two assets were negatively correlated, and the third asset was equally weighted combination of the other two, allowing for lower volatility. The popularity of the weighted asset was highly sensitive to feedback condition. It was the most popular asset when the feedback was limited to the obtained payoff, but the least popular asset when the feedback included information concerning forgone payoffs. This pattern supports the assertion that under-diversification can be a product of momentum trading and/or probability matching.
Measuring the impact of vertical integration on response times in ethernet fieldbuses

The introduction of Ethernet and Internet technologies in the fieldbuses of automation systems widely facilitates vertical integration. Control functions can coexist more easily with higher level functions such as supervision, production reporting or maintenance. But what does the response time of the control function become when architecture components -e.g. controllers, remote input-output modules or fieldbuses -are requested in parallel by other functions? In this paper, we focus on switched Ethernet-based fieldbuses using Modbus TCP/IP. The evaluation of the impact of vertical integration on the response time of control functions is obtained from a series of measurements on a real system. A great number of response times were measured with a specific automated equipment that we developed. Three types of load on the control architecture are studied: traffic on fieldbuses, requests on controllers and requests on remote input-output modules. The analysis of the measurement results shows which level of vertical integration can be reasonably allowed, taking into account the required response times.
Students’ Trends in Islamic Communication Postgraduate in 2010-2016 State Islamic University of North Sumatera (UINSU)

This article aims to discuss the tendency of specialization of students of the Islamic communication study program at the Postgraduate Program of the State University of North Sumatra in 2010-2016, mapping the various kinds of tendencies and interests of UINSU Islamic communication and broadcasting students. By looking at various trends of interest that exist. All of them were obtained from observations of students and graduation of UINSU Islamic broadcasting communication. This research relies on field study methods and library research, conducted at the Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU). The data found from the study of academics include: 1. ) As an implication of the tendency of students who have graduated from the undergraduate education program to the postgraduate level to choose the same study program as in the Islamic communication and broadcasting study program at UIN North Sumatra, then that also along with the high numbers that affect the motivation of strata 1 to return to study and continue their education at a higher level. This condition is caused by learning motivation can grow because of the need for what is learned, both for the present and the future. That someone who has intrinsic motivation always wants to advance in learning. This desire is motivated by positive thinking, that everything learned at the strata-level will be needed and very useful now and in the future. 2. ) The interest of the community is increasing to choose the Islamic broadcasting communication department as the chosen study program to continue the study, considering that the administrative conditions are relatively easy and do not make students who continue their studies happy and fast in completing their studies, it does not mean that the graduates with the state of administration and graduates graduating on time.
The stellar composition of the star formation region CMa R1 – III. A new outburst of the Be star component in Z CMa

We report on a recent event in which, after more than a decade of slow fading, the visual brightness of the massive young binary Z CMa suddenly started to rise by about 1 mag in 1999 December, followed by a rapid decline to its previous brightness over the next six months. This behaviour is similar to that exhibited by this system around its eruption in 1987 February. A comparison of the intrinsic luminosities of the system with recent evolutionary calculations shows that Z CMa may consist of a 16-M ○. B0 IIIe primary star and a ∼3-M ○. FUor secondary with a common age of ∼3 x 10 5 yr. We also compare new high-resolution spectra obtained in 2000 January and February, during the recent rise in brightness, with archive data from 1991 and 1996. The spectra are rich in emission lines, which originate from the envelope of the early B-type primary star. The strength of these emission lines increased strongly with the brightness of Z CMa. We interpret the collected spectral data in terms of an accretion disc with atmosphere around the Herbig B0e component of Z CMa, which has expanded during the outbursts of 1987 and 2000. A high-resolution profile of the 6300 A[O I ] emission line, obtained by us in 2002 March, shows an increase in flux and a prominent blue shoulder to the feature extending to ∼-700 km s -1 , which was much fainter in the pre-outburst spectra. We propose that this change in profile is a result of a strong change in the collimation of a jet, as a result of the outburst at the start of this century.
Cheeger Manifolds and the Classification of Biquotients

A closed manifold is called a biquotient if it is diffeomorphic to K\G/H for some compact Lie group G with closed subgroups K and H such that K acts freely on G/H. Every biquotient has a Riemannian metric of nonnegative sectional curvature. In fact, almost all known manifolds of nonnegative curvature are biquotients. The only known closed manifolds of nonnegative sectional curvature which were not defined in this way are those found by Cheeger [6] in 1973, and Grove and Ziller [16] in 2000. In order to understand these constructions better, this paper analyzes which of the Cheeger and Grove-Ziller manifolds are actually diffeomorphic to biquotients. In the process, we develop a general approach to the classification of biquotient manifolds. A priori, it is hard to determine whether a given manifold is a biquotient, because there is no obvious upper bound on the dimension of the groups involved. We give a procedure which allows us to reduce the dimension of the groups needed to describe a given manifold as a biquotient. A surprising application is that Gromoll-Meyer’s example of an exotic 7-sphere which is a biquotient [15] is the only exotic sphere of any dimension which is a biquotient. More generally, we classify all biquotients which are simply connected rational homology spheres of any dimension (Theorem 6.1). The classification of biquotients which are simply connected rational homology spheres has been given independently by Kapovitch and Ziller [17]. More generally, they classify all simply connected biquotients whose rational cohomology ring is generated by one element. Another application of our general classification theory for biquotients is the precise determination of which Cheeger manifolds, the connected sums of two rank-one symmetric spaces with any orientations, are diffeomorphic to biquotients (Theorem 2.1). Some of the Cheeger manifolds were known to be biquotients, such as CP2# − CP2 (the nontrivial S2-bundle over S2), but we find that many of the other Cheeger manifolds are also biquotients, such as CP2#CP2. On the other hand, the Cheeger manifold CP4#HP2 is not diffeomorphic (or even homotopy equivalent) to a biquotient. The positive result that some Cheeger manifolds such as CP2#CP2 are biquotients implies that they have nonnegatively curved Riemannian metrics with various good properties that were not clear from Cheeger’s construction. First, the new metrics are real analytic. Further, the new metrics determine a natural complex-analytic structure on the whole tangent bundle, since Aguilar [2] showed that biquotients have this property; my paper [26] has a weaker result which applies to all the Cheeger manifolds. Finally, the geodesic flow for the new metrics on the Cheeger manifolds has zero topological entropy. Paternain [23] proved the latter property for Cheeger’s metric on CP2#CP2, but now we know it for some metric on a large class of the Cheeger manifolds. Finally, our general classification results imply that there are only finitely many
Do acquiring firms knowingly pay too much for target firms? Evidence from earnings management in member-firm mergers in Korean business groups

In a typical stock-for-stock merger between the firms belonging to the same business group (member-firm mergers), the controlling shareholder’s holdings in the target firm are more than twice those in the acquiring firm. This difference in the controlling owner’s holdings in the acquiring firm and the target firm creates a strong incentive for the controlling owner to knowingly pay more for the target firm than the target firm is actually worth. We find that acquiring firms deflate earnings in order to increase the numbers of shares to be issued to the target firm’s shareholders. Furthermore, the level of earnings deflation is systematically related with the controlling owner’s expected benefits measured in several different ways. We also find that the stock price reaction to member-firm merger announcements is negatively correlated with the pre-issue-period earnings deflation. In addition, the results show that post-merger performance in member-firm mergers is lower than that in independent firm mergers.
Putting Brands in Their Place: How a Lack of Control Keeps Brands Contained

New brand extensions can push a brand outside its typical boundaries. In this article, the authors argue that people's acceptance of such extensions depends on their feelings of control. Across several studies, the authors demonstrate that when feelings of personal control are low, consumers and managers seek greater structure in brands and thus reject brand extensions that do not seem to fit well with the parent brand. The authors also identify important boundary conditions that illustrate when consumers are most likely to punish a brand for poor-fitting brand extensions and how the effect can be mitigated.
Low-Cost On-Chip Clock Jitter Measurement Scheme

In this paper, we present a low-cost, on-chip clock jitter digital measurement scheme for high performance microprocessors. It enables in situ jitter measurement during the test or debug phase. It provides very high measurement resolution and accuracy, despite the possible presence of power supply noise (representing a major source of clock jitter), at low area and power costs. The achieved resolution is scalable with technology node and can in principle be increased as much as desired, at low additional costs in terms of area overhead and power consumption. We show that, for the case of high performance microprocessors employing ring oscillators (ROs) to measure process parameter variations (PPVs), our jitter measurement scheme can be implemented by reusing part of such ROs, thus allowing to measure clock jitter with a very limited cost increase compared with PPV measurement only, and with no impact on parameter variation measurement resolution.
When Staying Is Dissatisfying: Examining When and Why Turnover Cognitions Affect Stayers’ Career Satisfaction

This study examines when and why turnover cognitions affect stayers’ subsequent career satisfaction. To develop our hypotheses, we build on and compare two theoretical perspectives, that is, the insufficient justification perspective and regret theory. Hypotheses were tested using two studies with Belgian employees. The baseline hypothesis that initial turnover cognitions are related with lower subsequent career satisfaction received support in both studies. In Study 1, using two-wave data from 226 employees in four organizations, we tested whether the turnover cognitions–subsequent career satisfaction relationship was moderated by four contextual factors (i.e., internal job transitions, lack of external job opportunities, on-the-job embeddedness, and off-the-job embeddedness). We found marginal support for a mitigating role of internal job transitions, support for a mitigating role of lack of external job opportunities, and support for an amplifying role of off-the-job embeddedness. We found no moderation effect of on-the-job embeddedness. In Study 2, using three-wave information from 705 employees in seven organizations, we tested and found support for the mediating role of justifiability and regret. Overall, this study shows that turnover cognitions have consequences when people end up staying in their organization, which calls for more theoretical and empirical work on staying despite preceding turnover cognitions in order to improve our understanding of the complexity and dynamic nature of the turnover/retention phenomenon.
An evolutionary model of long tailed distributions in the social sciences

Studies of collective human behavior in the social sciences, often grounded in details of actions by individuals, have much to offer `social' models from the physical sciences concerning elegant statistical regularities. Drawing on behavioral studies of social influence, we present a parsimonious, stochastic model, which generates an entire family of real-world right-skew socio-economic distributions, including exponential, winner-take-all, power law tails of varying exponents and power laws across the whole data. The widely used Albert-Barabasi model of preferential attachment is simply a special case of this much more general model. In addition, the model produces the continuous turnover observed empirically within those distributions. Previous preferential attachment models have generated specific distributions with turnover using arbitrary add-on rules, but turnover is an inherent feature of our model. The model also replicates an intriguing new relationship, observed across a range of empirical studies, between the power law exponent and the proportion of data represented.
Activation of the α7 nAChR Reduces Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice and Rats

New evidence indicates that neural mechanisms can down-regulate acute inflammation. In these studies, we tested the potential role of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) in a rodent model of acid-induced acute lung injury. We first determined that the α7 nAChR was expressed by alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells. Then, using an acid-induced acute lung injury mouse model, we found that nicotine, choline, and PNU-282987 (a specific α7 nAChR agonist) decreased excess lung water and lung vascular permeability, and reduced protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Deficiency of α7 nAChR resulted in a 2-fold increase in excess lung water and lung vascular permeability. The reduction of proinflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and TNF-α) in the BAL with nicotine probably resulted from the suppression of NF-κB activation in alveolar macrophages. The beneficial effect of nicotine was also tested in rat model of acid-induced acute lung injury in which B.
The relationship between water vapour saturation of inhaled air and nasal patency

The nasal cavity volume and the temperature of the nasal mucosa are considered to be the most important predictors of nasal conditioning. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the intranasal degree of water vapour saturation of inhaled air and nasal patency. Intranasal humidity values at different locations within the nasal cavity of 15 healthy subjects were compared to nasal airway resistance detected by active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR). Repeated measurements were carried out during one day to obtain varying nasal cavity volumes due to the nasal cycle. The end-inspiratory humidity data were obtained with a miniaturised capacitive humidity sensor at defined detection sites within the anterior nasal segment without interruption of nasal breathing. Measurements were carried out at four different times during one day. The degree of water vapour saturation did not correlate with the values of the AAR at any intranasal detection site and time of detection during one day. The study supports the view that there is no correlation between the degree of water vapour saturation within the anterior nasal segment and the nasal resistance during the nasal cycle over the day. Although nasal patency varies because of the nasal cycle, the changes of nasal cavity volume due to the nasal cycle do not seem to influence the degree of water vapour saturation of the inspiratory air.
Reduction of Coxiella burnetii Prevalence by Vaccination of Goats and Sheep, the Netherlands

Recently, the number of human Q fever cases in the Netherlands increased dramatically. In response to this increase, dairy goats and dairy sheep were vaccinated against Coxiella burnetii. All pregnant dairy goats and dairy sheep in herds positive for Q fever were culled. We identified the effect of vaccination on bacterial shedding by small ruminants. On the day of culling, samples of uterine fluid, vaginal mucus, and milk were obtained from 957 pregnant animals in 13 herds. Prevalence and bacterial load were reduced in vaccinated animals compared with unvaccinated animals. These effects were most pronounced in animals during their first pregnancy. Results indicate that vaccination may reduce bacterial load in the environment and human exposure to C. burnetii.
Children's perceptions of peers with somatic symptoms: the impact of gender, stress, and illness.

OBJECTIVE To investigate how illness characteristics influence children's responses to ill peers. METHODS A sample of 363 4th and 5th graders responded to a vignette describing a peer with abdominal pain. In a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 design, conditions varied by (a) evidence for organic disease, (b) presence of stress, (c) sex of vignette character, and (d) sex of respondent. Children rated symptom severity, liking for the peer, and whether the peer should be excused from normal responsibilities. RESULTS Same sex preferences significantly influenced children's liking for a peer. Children viewed symptoms with an organic etiology as more severe than those without one. Under certain conditions, symptom severity judgments mediated the relation between the presence of organic disease and (a) liking and (b) granting relief from responsibility. The presence of stress had little effect on ratings of symptom severity, liking, or relief from responsibility. CONCLUSIONS Gender and evidence of organic disease influence children's perceptions of and responses to symptomatic peers.
Analyzing crowd workers in mobile pay-for-answer q&a

Despite the popularity of mobile pay-for-answer Q&A services, little is known about the people who answer questions on these services. In this paper we examine 18.8 million question and answer pairs from Jisiklog, the largest mobile pay-foranswer Q&A service in Korea, and the results of a complementary survey study of 245 Jisiklog workers. The data are used to investigate key motivators of participation, working strategies of experienced users, and longitudinal interaction dynamics. We find that answerers are rarely motivated by social factors but are motivated by financial incentives and intrinsic motives. Additionally, although answers are provided quickly, an answerer's topic selection tends to be broad, with experienced workers employing unique strategies to answer questions and judge relevance. Finally, analysis of longitudinal working patterns and community dynamics demonstrate the robustness of mobile pay-for-answer Q&A. These findings have significant implications on the design of mobile pay-for-answer Q&A.
The Face of Grief in Foster Care

Foster care is a necessary institution to protect some of this county’s most vulnerable children. However, it also often re-traumatizes children who have already undergone significant trauma. In this article, I will provide a synopsis of some current statistics about foster care and the experience of the foster care system. Furthermore, I will provide an overview of a handful of relevant grief theories and expend a call to those within the field to develop more unique grief theories and interventions for children in the foster care system.
Existence of Solutions for Supply Chain Models Based on Partial Differential Equations

We consider a model for supply chains governed by partial differential equations. The mathematical properties of a continuous model are discussed and existence and uniqueness are proven. Moreover, Lipschitz continuous dependence on the initial data is proven. We make use of the front tracking method to construct approximate solutions. The obtained results extend the preliminary work of [S. Gottlich, M. Herty, and A. Klar, Commun. Math. Sci., 3 (2005), pp. 545–559].
Social Dollars: The Economic Impact of Customer Participation in a Firm-Sponsored Online Customer Community

Many firms operate customer communities online. This is motivated by the belief that customers who join the community become more engaged with the firm and/or its products, and as a result, increase their economic activity with the firm. We describe this potential economic benefit as "social dollars. " This paper contributes evidence for the existence and source of social dollars using data from a multichannel entertainment products retailer that launched a customer community online. We find a significant increase in customer expenditures attributable to customers joining the firm's community. While self-selection is a concern with field data, we rule out multiple alternative explanations. Social dollars persist over the time period observed and arose primarily in the online channel. To assess the source of the social dollar, we hypothesize and test whether it is moderated by participation behaviors conceptually linked to common attributes of customer communities. Our results reveal that posters versus lurkers of community content and those with more versus fewer social ties in the community generated more fewer social dollars. We found a null effect for our measure of the informational advantage expected to accrue to products that differentially benefit from content posted by like-minded community members. This overall pattern of results suggests a stronger social than informational source of economic benefits for firm operators of customer communities. Several implications for firms considering investments in and/or managing online customer communities are discussed.
SNOUT: one-handed use of capacitive touch devices

SNOUT is a novel interface overlay designed for occasional no-hand or one-handed use of handheld capacitive touch devices. Inspired by the desire to use these devices in scenarios where visually focused bimanual input is awkward, we performed a pair of studies intended to evaluate the potential of the nose to provide touch input. These studies influenced our design principles, resulting in the construction of a 'nose mode' which enables object selection, continuous parameter control, and speech-based text entry. Selection is accomplished via a nose tap, using a colour overlay and peripheral colour feedback to correct mistakes. The other two techniques are activated by a nose tap, but use the accelerometer to control parameters and speech-to-text for text entry. An evaluation of SNOUT shows it to effectively render handheld capacitive touch devices operational in scenarios where they are presently unusable.