Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Message Impartiality in Social Media Discussions

Discourse on social media platforms is often plagued by acute polarization, with different camps promoting different perspectives on the issue at hand—compare, for example, the differences in the liberal and conservative discourse on the U.S. immigration debate. A large body of research has studied this phenomenon by focusing on the affiliation of groups and individuals. We propose a new finer-grained perspective: studying the impartiality of individual messages. While the notion of message impartiality is quite intuitive, the lack of an objective definition and of a way to measure it directly has largely obstructed scientific examination. In this work we operationalize message impartiality in terms of how discernible the affiliation of its author is, and introduce a methodology for quantifying it automatically. Unlike a supervised machine learning approach, our method can be used in the context of emerging events where impartiality labels are not immediately available. Our framework enables us to study the effects of (im)partiality on social media discussions at scale. We show that this phenomenon is highly consequential, with partial messages being twice more likely to spread than impartial ones, even after controlling for author and topic. By taking this fine-grained approach to polarization, we also provide new insights into the temporal evolution of online discussions centered around major political and sporting events.
The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays

Part I * Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture Part II * The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man * The Growth of Culture and the Evolution of Mind Part III * Religion As a Cultural System * Ethos, World View, and the Analysis of Sacred Symbols * Ritual and Social Change: A Javanese Example * Internal Conversion in Contemporary Bali Part IV * Ideology As a Cultural System * After the Revolution: The Fate of Nationalism in the New States * The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States * The Politics of Meaning * Politics Past, Politics Present: Some Notes on the Uses of Anthropology in Understanding the New States PART V * The Cerebral Savage: On the Work of Claude Lvi-Strauss * Person, Time, and Conduct in Bali * Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight
Post‐conditioning reduces infarct size in an open‐chest porcine acute ischemia–reperfusion model

Background: Timely reperfusion is a prerequisite for myocardial salvage; however, re‐oxygenation of the ischemic myocardium initiates reperfusion injury. Post‐conditioning diminishes the detrimental aftermath of an acute myocardial infarction through alleviation of reperfusion injury. Ischemic post‐conditioning consists of a series of brief interruptions in the coronary blood supply that has to be applied within the first minutes after re‐establishing the coronary flow.
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— This paper aims to evaluate the aesthetic visual quality of a special type of visual media: digital images of paintings. Assessing the aesthetic visual quality of paintings can be considered a highly subjective task. However, to some extent, certain paintings are believed, by consensus, to have higher aesthetic quality than others. In this paper, we treat this challenge as a machine learning problem, in order to evaluate the aesthetic quality of paintings based on their visual content. We design a group of methods to extract features to represent both the global characteristics and local characteristics of a painting. Inspiration for these features comes from our prior knowledge in art and a questionnaire survey we conducted to study factors that affect human's judgments. We collect painting images and ask human subjects to score them. These paintings are then used for both training and testing in our experiments. Experiment results show that the proposed work can classify high-quality and low-quality paintings with performance comparable to humans. This work provides a machine learning scheme for the research of exploring the relationship between aesthetic perceptions of human and the computational visual features extracted from paintings.
Knockdown of the β1 integrin subunit reduces primary tumor growth and inhibits pancreatic cancer metastasis

To address the role of β1 integrins in pancreatic cancer progression, we stably knocked down β1 integrin subunit expression in human FG‐RFP pancreatic cancer cells using lentiviral‐based RNA interference. We then examined the effects of β1 integrin subunit knockdown on pancreatic cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation on tumor microenvironment‐specific extracellular matrix proteins in vitro and on tumor progression in vivo using a clinically relevant fluorescent orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Knockdown of the β1 integrin subunit inhibited cell adhesion, migration and proliferation on types I and IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin in vitro. In vivo, knockdown of the β1 integrin subunit reduced primary tumor growth by 50% and completely inhibited spontaneously occurring metastasis. These observations indicate a critical role for the β1 integrin subunit in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis in particular. Our results suggest the β1 integrin subunit as a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, especially in the adjuvant setting to prevent metastasis of this highly aggressive cancer.
A blended synchronous learning model for educational international collaboration

Educators and students living in the digital age are faced with complex problems that are forcing them to seek collaborative solutions. These problems can be addressed through the successful application of digital technologies and pedagogies that enhance the educational, social and economic prospects of students. The main aim of this study was to propose a blended synchronous learning model and to show how this model can be adopted for better supporting educational international collaboration. The paper describes how the authors have applied advanced synchronous learning technologies and pedagogies to maximise interconnectivity and social interactions to engage in a range of educational collaborations in the last seven years.
Naming Organics: Understanding Organic Standards in New Zealand as a Discursive Field

The New Zealand organic industry has grown rapidly over the last ten years. While New Zealand did have a small organic agriculture social movement from the 1970s, the size and scope of the industry increased rapidly during the 1990s as a result of large export companies establishing organic product lines. This transformation, and the eventual resistance to corporate styles of organic exporting, provides a useful case study of the way in which organic standards are constructed, reconstructed and circulated. By using discourse analysis the processes by which ideas of ‘organic’ were formed in the 1980s and then solidified (and contested) in the 1990s can be explored and various consequences identified. Rather than displaying a linear logic, by which organic agriculture movements are seemingly inevitably commoditized and corporatized, the New Zealand case provides evidence of the peculiar nature of organic agriculture as a part of the standardizing global food system.
Prevalence of Helminth Parasites in Indigenous Fowls of Zoba Anseba of Eritrea, North-East Africa

The prevalence of helminth parasites in indigenous fowls was investigated in Zoba Anseba, Eritrea. The rate of infection was as high as 52.43% in rectal swab examination and 63.00% in the slaughtered fowls. The helminth parasites recorded were: Ascaridia galli (70.58%), Subulura sp. (5.88%), Heterakis sp. (52.94%), Tetrameres sp. (11.76%), Cheilospirura sp. (5.88%), Raillietina sp. (82.35%) and Amoebotaenia sp. (11.76%). The infection rate between nematodes and cestodes was 92.59% and 59.25%, respectively. Mixed infection with two to three species was common. Cloacal swabs of 82 fowls collected were found positive with different types of ova. Out of which 22 were positive for Ascaridia (51.16%), 14 for Heterakis sp. (32.55%), 6 for Tetrameres sp. (13.95%) and 30 were positive for Raillietina sp. (69.76%).
Possible arcmin‐separation gravitational lensed quasi‐stellar objects in the 2dF QSO survey

We report the possible discovery of multiple gravitationally lensed images of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) with angular separations on arcmin scales. The QSOs were selected from the completed 2dF QSO Survey as having redshifts and optical colours which are statistically consistent. In this paper we present higher-quality optical spectra of the candidates and discuss the likelihood that they genuinely are systems lensed by massive clusters of galaxies. From a comparison of the spectra it appears that up to six pairs of QSOs may be lensed multiple images, although the true number may be less than that and further observations should be undertaken to amass more evidence and to detect the lensing clusters. Two of the candidates may be associated with low-redshift clusters of galaxies.
Examining the Effects of Divorce on the Academic Achievement of Children

Abstract Over the past thirty years, one of the primary concerns facing researchers examining the effects of divorce on the academic achievement of children has been how to best control for socioeconomic status (SES). Prior to 1971, many researchers did not control for SES at all. Herzog and Sudia (1971) argued that adequately controlling for SES was essential for obtaining accurate effects for divorce. In recent years, several social scientists (Cherlin, Kiernan, and Chase-Lansdale, 1995; Allison and Furstenberg, 1989; Milne, 1989) have gone a step further and argued that a predissolution control for SES, when available, is preferable to a postdissolution control for SES. For divorce nearly always causes a drop in the income element of SES. Yet it is not clear whether using a predissolution control for SES really yields effects for divorce that are different than one would obtain if a postdissolution control for SES is used. Using the NELS 1988-92 data set, this study examines whether using a predissolut.
Effects of Contrast Strength vs. Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Explosive Performance, Ability to Change Direction and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Soccer Players.

The aim was to compare the effects of two differing 8-week in-season strength training programs (contrast strength training [CST] vs. plyometric training [PT]) on selected performance tests (5 and 40m sprints, S 4 X 5 m change of direction test, squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps , leg peak power on a cycle ergometer force-velocity test, 1-repetition maximal (1-RM) half squat, and electromyographic [EMG] activity of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris muscles during vertical jump tests). Forty male soccer players (age = 15.8 ± 0.4 years; body mass = 58.8 ± 6.3 kg; body height = 1.74 ± 0.06 m; body fat = 10.5 ± 1.9 %) were divided between a contrast strength (CSG, n = 14), plyometric (PG, n = 14) and control groups (CG, n = 12). Both training programs enhanced sprint performance (p<0.001 in 5m; p≤0.05 in 40m) and change of direction test scores (p<0.001) relative to controls. PG and CSG increased SJ height relative to the CG, with a slightly greater response in CSG compared to PG (p≤0.05). The majority of CMJ scores increased significantly in both CSG and PG relative to the CG, with no inter-group differences in training response. The majority of force-velocity scores increased significantly in the CSG relative to PG and CG. The EMG parameters also increased in the CSG relative to both PG and CG. In summary, most measures of athletic performance in male soccer players were enhanced after CST and PT. However, the improvement of physical performance was better with eight weeks of CST than with PT. Thus, coaches should be encouraged to include CST as an element of in-season conditioning.
On the asymptotic sum-rate of uplink MIMO cellular systems in the presence of non-Gaussian inter-cell interference

In this paper we consider a scenario, where several mobile multi-antenna terminals communicate with a multi-antenna base station within a cellular communication system over the flat Rayleigh fading channel. In addition, several terminals from the neighboring cell cause interference. For such a scenario, we derive, using the replica method, the asymptotic sum-rate of the communication in the large-system limit for arbitrary signal constellations. Moreover, we show via numerical results that when the interfering terminals use a QPSK constellation, the resulting interference becomes easier to handle. In effect, we may be able to accumulate more interfering transmitter-receiver pairs within the same area as compared to the case of Gaussian signals. Monte-Carlo simulations show that the derived asymptotic expression matches well with the simulated values even for small numbers of antennas.
Analysis of Bacterial Community Composition of Corroded Steel Immersed in Sanya and Xiamen Seawaters in China via Method of Illumina MiSeq Sequencing

Metal corrosion is of worldwide concern because it is the cause of major economic losses, and because it creates significant safety issues. The mechanism of the corrosion process, as influenced by bacteria, has been studied extensively. However, the bacterial communities that create the biofilms that form on metals are complicated, and have not been well studied. This is why we sought to analyze the composition of bacterial communities living on steel structures, together with the influence of ecological factors on these communities. The corrosion samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that were immersed in seawater for two different periods at Sanya and Xiamen, China. We analyzed the bacterial communities on the samples by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bacteria fell into 13 phylotypes (similarity level = 97%). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, accounting for 88.84% of the total. Deltaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant classes, and accounted for 70.90% of the total. Desulfovibrio spp. , Desulfobacter spp. and Desulfotomaculum spp. were the dominant genera and accounted for 45.87% of the total. These genera are sulfate-reducing bacteria that are known to corrode steel. Bacterial diversity on the 6 months immersion samples was much higher than that of the samples that had been immersed for 8 years (P < 0.001, Student’s t-test). The average complexity of the biofilms from the 8-years immersion samples from Sanya was greater than those from Xiamen, but not significantly so (P > 0.05, Student’s t-test). Overall, the data showed that the rust layers on the steel plates carried many bacterial species. The bacterial community composition was influenced by the immersion time. The results of our study will be of benefit to the further studies of bacterial corrosion mechanisms and corrosion resistance.
Digital audio recording analysis: the Electric Network Frequency (ENF) Criterion

This article reports on the Electronic Network Frequency Criterion as a means of assessing the integrity of digital audio evidence. A brief description is given of phenomena that determine ENF varaiations. In most situations,to reach a non-authenticity option, the visual inspection of spectrograms and comparison with an ENF database are enough. A more detailed investigation, in the time domaine, requires short time windows measurements and analyses. The stability of the ENF over geographical distances has been established by comparison of synchronized recordings made at different locations on the same network. A real case is presented, in which the ENF Criterios was used to investigate an audio file created with a secret surveillance system. By applying the ENF Criterion in forensic audio analysis, one can determine whether and where a digital recording has been edited, establish whether it was made at the time claimed, and identify the time and date of the registering operation.
Interplay between Parasitism and Host Ontogenic Resistance in the Epidemiology of the Soil-Borne Plant Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

Spread of soil-borne fungal plant pathogens is mainly driven by the amount of resources the pathogen is able to capture and exploit should it behave either as a saprotroph or a parasite. Despite their importance in understanding the fungal spread in agricultural ecosystems, experimental data related to exploitation of infected host plants by the pathogen remain scarce. Using Rhizoctonia solani / Raphanus sativus as a model pathosystem, we have obtained evidence on the link between ontogenic resistance of a tuberizing host and (i) its susceptibility to the pathogen and (ii) after infection, the ability of the fungus to spread in soil. Based on a highly replicable experimental system, we first show that infection success strongly depends on the host phenological stage. The nature of the disease symptoms abruptly changes depending on whether infection occurred before or after host tuberization, switching from damping-off to necrosis respectively. Our investigations also demonstrate that fungal spread in soil still depends on the host phenological stage at the moment of infection. High, medium, or low spread occurred when infection was respectively before, during, or after the tuberization process. Implications for crop protection are discussed.
Sexual abuse perpetrated by Roman Catholic priests and religious

This paper is based upon an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) which investigated the experiences of twelve people who had been sexually abused by Roman Catholic priests or religious. The premise of the research was based upon a perceived assumption that distinct forms of sexual traumatology generate unique trauma characteristics not accounted for within the existing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) conceptual frameworks (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ((DSM-IVTR 2000;) ICD-10 R, 2007). Recent developments in psychodiagnostics to support the relevance of religious concerns where incorporated into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV edition (1994) which allowed a range of “religious” and “spiritual” problems to be explicitly identified as a focus for specific clinical attention. However, these appear quite vague in accounting for the range of trauma experiences experienced by this participant group. Evidence arose which indicated the majority of the research participants considered “God” to have been integral within the abuse, manipulated by design or default by the cleric or religious perpetrator. These idiosyncratic trauma characteristic created significant anxiety and distress in areas such as theological belief, crisis of faith, and fears surrounding the participant's own mortality. The IPA research identified six distinct, themed differences of which four will be discussed in more detail for the purpose of this paper. It will consider the attributes of these themes in relation to Roman Catholicism, celibacy and Canon law, and further question the sufficiency of the DSM-IV “V” Codes in accounting for the myriad of symptoms survivors of sexual abuse perpetrated by Roman Catholic Priests and Religious actually describe.
PeakForce Tapping resolves individual microvilli on living cells

Microvilli are a common structure found on epithelial cells that increase the apical surface thus enhancing the transmembrane transport capacity and also serve as one of the cell's mechanosensors. These structures are composed of microfilaments and cytoplasm, covered by plasma membrane. Epithelial cell function is usually coupled to the density of microvilli and its individual size illustrated by diseases, in which microvilli degradation causes malabsorption and diarrhea. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used to study the topography and morphology of living cells. Visualizing soft and flexible structures such as microvilli on the apical surface of a live cell has been very challenging because the native microvilli structures are displaced and deformed by the interaction with the probe. PeakForce Tapping® is an AFM imaging mode, which allows reducing tip–sample interactions in time (microseconds) and controlling force in the low pico‐Newton range. Data acquisition of this mode was optimized by using a newly developed PeakForce QNM‐Live Cell probe, having a short cantilever with a 17‐µm‐long tip that minimizes hydrodynamic effects between the cantilever and the sample surface. In this paper, we have demonstrated for the first time the visualization of the microvilli on living kidney cells with AFM using PeakForce Tapping. The structures observed display a force dependence representing either the whole microvilli or just the tips of the microvilli layer. Together, PeakForce Tapping allows force control in the low pico‐Newton range and enables the visualization of very soft and flexible structures on living cells under physiological conditions. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Molecular Recognition Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Identification of Streptococcus uberis Multilocus Sequence Types Highly Associated with Mastitis

ABSTRACT Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Streptococcus uberis has identified a cluster of isolates associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis and a cluster associated with cows with low somatic cell counts in their milk. Specific groups of genotypes (global clonal complex [GCC] sequence type 5s [ST5s] and GCC ST143s) were highly associated (P = 0.006) with clinical and subclinical mastitis and may represent a lineage of virulent isolates, whereas isolates belonging to GCC ST86 were associated with low-cell-count cows. This study has, for the first time, demonstrated the occurrence of identical sequence types (ST60 and ST184) between different continents (Australasia and Europe) and different countries (Australia and New Zealand). The standardized index of association and the empirical estimation of the rate of recombination showed substantial recombination within the S. uberis population in Australia, consistent with previous multilocus sequence type analyses.
Comparative evaluation of the non-contiguous processor allocation strategies based on a real workload and a stochastic workload on multicomputers

The performance study of the existing noncontiguous processor allocation strategies has been traditionally carried out by means of simulation based on a stochastic workload model to generate a stream of incoming jobs that are submitted to and run on a given message passing parallel machine for a period of time. To validate the performance of the existing allocation algorithms, there has been need to evaluate the algorithms' performance based on a real workload trace. In this study, we evaluate the performance of several well-known processor allocation and job scheduling strategies based on a real workload trace and compare the results against those obtained from using a stochastic workload. Our results reveal that the conclusions reached on the relative performance merits of the allocation strategies when a real workload trace is used are in general compatible with those obtained when a stochastic workload is used.