Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Ferulic Acid in Extracts of Sugar Beet Pulp

Bu araştırmada iki özütün [metanol ve NaOH (0. 5 molL )], toplam fenolik içeriği, ferulik asit derişimi ve antioksidan aktivitesi analiz edildi. Sonuçlarda TFİ de fenolik miktarın metanolik miktara göre daha fazla olduğu alkalin ve farklı ekstraklar arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu görüldü. Solvent ve alkali likörlerindeki ferulik asit derişimleri ekstraksiyon zamanına göre çeşitlendirildiğinde, tüm metanolik tedavilerde ferulik asit konsantrasyonları arasında önemli bir fark olmadığı gözlendi. Ekstratlar için antioksidan kapasite, şeker pancarı küspesi ekstraktında antiradikal etki için sorumlu toplam fenolik içerik gösteren korelasyon sayısı (r = 0.82) ve tüm ekstratlar arasında (p < 0.05) seviyesinde bulunan önemli farklılıklarla gösterildi. Sonuçlarımız ışığında şeker pancarı küspesi ekstraklarının gıda endüstirisinde katkı olarak kullanılabileceği ve potansiyel bir antioksidan kaynağı olabilecği görüldü.
What determines the ultimate resolution? The critical relationship between exposure tools and photoresists

As the resolution of optical lithography is being pushed for 45-nm half-pitch node, there is a growing concern about the printing capability of chemically amplified resists. The chemical amplification involves photoacid diffusion that causes contrast degradation of latent image or, in other words, resist blur. In this paper, we study the influence of the resist blur in high-NA ArF immersion lithography by using an interferometric exposure tool. Contrast ratio between the resist latent image and the original aerial image was measured for half pitch from 50 nm to 80 nm. Acid diffusion length for a high-resolution ArF resist was determined as 11 nm in sigma (26 nm in full width at half maximum) assuming Gaussian blur kernel. The results revealed that the influence of resist blur is in fact a significant issue for the 45-nm half pitch node. We consider that reduction of acid diffusion length is highly desirable. Given the tradeoff between the resist resolution and sensitivity, increasing illumination intensity in the exposure tools can be an effective means to overcome the challenge of the resist blur. We also demonstrate resist imaging of 30-nm line-and-space pattern with high-index immersion fluid. The reduction of acid diffusion will be even more important if the ArF immersion is to be extended beyond 45-nm half-pitch node with high-index fluids. While the focus of the paper is on high-NA ArF immersion lithography, our findings are also relevant to EUV lithography.
Fabrication of polymer composites as potential bone replacement materials

In the field of bone replacement therapy, biomaterials capable of acting in a scaffolding capacity are under constant review and improvement. To operate as a scaffold material, several requirements must be met. Initially, materials must exhibit mechanical properties similar to natural bone. Degradability is another key requirement; the material must degrade at a rate compatible with ongoing bone regeneration at the site of implantation. Finally, the implanted product must induce a biological response to promote bone formation. In this regard, calcium phosphate ceramics are commonly used in clinical applications to promote bone regeneration, whilst composite materials containing several different components satisfying the above criteria have also been developed. The aim of the research described herein was to investigate the potential of combining polylactic acid (PLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds together to develop composite materials with good mechanical properties, degradability adjustability, and an increased potential for promoting bone regeneration. CaP materials focused on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and magnesium substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (Mg-TCP), whilst an industrial collaboration provided a protein (casein) alternative to investigate. β-TCP samples were synthesised using a surfactant templated process, which allowed for control over the size, morphology and surface area of samples. Cationic substitutions of magnesium for calcium, at a range of levels, were carried out to study the mechanism of substitution into the crystal structure of β-TCP. All films were synthesised via the solvent casting method, and the composition and surface morphology was characterised. The degradation of non-filled PLA and composite films was analysed in deionised water, and the bioactive potential of the films was determined in simulated body fluid (SBF). Tensile strength measurements of the films were noted at several time points throughout the degradative process to evaluate maintenance of mechanical stability. In vitro assessment of the films was investigated with immunofluorescence and real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) evaluations. This project addresses the various steps necessary to successfully synthesise a scaffold biomaterial for acceptable bone replacement, from the initial synthesis of the filler materials, through to the various mechanical and biological assessments which must be conducted to the suitability of said materials for use in clinical applications.
Statistical performance of cladistic strategies for haplotype grouping in pharmacogenetics

Haplotypes comprising multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are popular covariates for capturing the key genetic variation present over a region of interest in the DNA sequence. Although haplotypes can provide a clearer assessment of genetic variation in a region than their component SNPs considered individually, the multi‐allelic nature of haplotypes increases the complexity of the statistical models intended to discover association with outcomes of interest. Cladistic methods cluster haplotypes according to the estimates of their genealogical closeness and have been proposed recently as strategies for reducing model complexity and increasing power. Two examples are methods based on a haplotype nesting algorithm described by Templeton et al. (Genetics 1987; 117:343–351) and hierarchical clustering of haplotypes as described by Durrant et al. (Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2004; 75:35–43). In the context of assessing the pharmacogenetic effects of candidate genes, for which high‐density SNP data have been gathered, we have conducted a simulation‐based case study of the testing and estimation properties of two strategies based on Templeton's algorithm (TA), one being that described by Seltman et al. (Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2001; 68:1250–1263; Genet. Epidemiol. 2003; 25:48–58), as well as the method of Durrant et al. using data from a diabetes clinical trial. Even after adjusting for multiplicity, improvements in power can be realized using cladistic approaches with treatment group sizes in the range expected for standard trials, although these gains may be sensitive to the cladistic structure used. Differences in the relative performance of the cladistic approaches examined were observed with the clustering approach of Durrant et al. showing statistical properties superior to the methods based on TA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Search for gravitational waves associated with gamma-ray bursts during LIGO science run 6 and Virgo science runs 2 and 3

We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 154 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that were detected by satellite-based gamma-ray experiments in 2009-2010, during the sixth LIGO science run and the second and third Virgo science runs. We perform two distinct searches: a modeled search for coalescences of either two neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole; and a search for generic, unmodeled gravitational-wave bursts. We find no evidence for gravitational-wave counterparts, either with any individual GRB in this sample or with the population as a whole. For all GRBs we place lower bounds on the distance to the progenitor, under the optimistic assumption of a gravitational-wave emission energy of 10^-2 M c^2 at 150 Hz, with a median limit of 17 Mpc. For short hard GRBs we place exclusion distances on binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole progenitors, using astrophysically motivated priors on the source parameters, with median values of 16 Mpc and 28 Mpc respectively. These distance limits, while significantly larger than for a search that is not aided by GRB satellite observations, are not large enough to expect a coincidence with a GRB. However, projecting these exclusions to the sensitivities of Advanced LIGO and Virgo, which should begin operation in 2015, we find that the detection of gravitational waves associated with GRBs will become quite possible.
Energy efficiency of an integrated intra-data-center and core network with edge caching

The expected growth of traffic demand may lead to a dramatic increase in the network energy consumption, which needs to be handled in order to guarantee scalability and sustainability of the infrastructure. There are many efforts to improve energy efficiency in communication networks, ranging from the component technology to the architectural and service-level approaches. Because data centers and content delivery networks are responsible for the majority of the energy consumption in the information and communication technology sector, in this paper we address network energy efficiency at the architectural and service levels and propose a unified network architecture that provides both intra-data-center and inter-data-center connectivity together with interconnection toward legacy IP networks. The architecture is well suited for the carrier cloud model, where both data-center and telecom infrastructure are owned and operated by the same entity. It is based on the hybrid optical switching (HOS) concept for achieving high network performance and energy efficiency. Therefore, we refer to it as an integrated HOS network. The main advantage of the integration of core and intra-data-center networks comes from the possibility to avoid the energy-inefficient electronic interfaces between data centers and telecom networks. Our results have verified that the integrated HOS network introduces a higher number of benefits in terms of energy efficiency and network delays compared to the conventional nonintegrated solution. At the service level, recent studies demonstrated that the use of distributed video cache servers can be beneficial in reducing energy consumption of intra-data-center and core networks. However, these studies only take into consideration conventional network solutions based on IP electronic switching, which are characterized by relatively high energy consumption. When a more energy-efficient switching technology, such as HOS, is employed, the advantage of using distributed video cache servers becomes less obvious. In this paper we evaluate the impact of video servers employed at the edge nodes of the integrated HOS network to understand whether edge caching could have any benefit for carrier cloud operators utilizing a HOS network architecture. We have demonstrated that if the distributed video cache servers are not properly dimensioned they may have a negative impact on the benefit obtained by the integrated HOS network.
Ensuring Secure Information Management in 802 . 11 Networks after a Central Authority Failure

Wireless networks with centralized control are prone to network failures due to attacks on control authority and hardware faults. Compromise of an Access Point (AP) in a Wireless LAN (WLAN), or a Base Station (BS) in a Mobile Ad-hoc network with BS support or in a Sensor Network, may result in widespread disruption of network services. This paper focuses on providing secure internal communication and QoS assurance in such networks with BS support, where the BS has failed, and also on mitigating the effects of any subsequent attacks on the network. We utilize our previous work on DOS attack survivable WLAN system with a compromised AP [1], as a starting point to model networks with a failed BS.
The Ser/Thr Protein Kinase PknB Is Essential for Sustaining Mycobacterial Growth

ABSTRACT The receptor-like protein kinase PknB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is encoded by the distal gene in a highly conserved operon, present in all actinobacteria, that may control cell shape and cell division. Genes coding for a PknB-like protein kinase are also found in many more distantly related gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report that the pknB gene can be disrupted by allelic replacement in M. tuberculosis and the saprophyte Mycobacterium smegmatis only in the presence of a second functional copy of the gene. We also demonstrate that eukaryotic Ser/Thr protein kinase inhibitors, which inactivate PknB in vitro with a 50% inhibitory concentration in the submicromolar range, are able to kill M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. smegmatis mc2155, and Mycobacterium aurum A+ with MICs in the micromolar range. Furthermore, significantly higher concentrations of these compounds are required to inhibit growth of M. smegmatis strains overexpressing PknB, suggesting that this protein kinase is the molecular target. These findings demonstrate that the Ser/Thr protein kinase PknB is essential for sustaining mycobacterial growth and support the development of protein kinase inhibitors as new potential antituberculosis drugs.
Self-ensembling for domain adaptation

This paper explores the use of self-ensembling with random image augmentation [11] – a technique that has achieved impressive results in the area of semi-supervised learning – for visual domain adaptation problems. We modify the approach of Laine et al.to improve stability and ease of use. Our approach demonstrates state of the art results when performing adaptation between the following pairs of datasets: MNIST and USPS, CIFAR-10 and STL, SVHN and MNIST, Syn-Digits to SVHN and SynSigns to GTSRB. We also explore the use of richer data augmentation to solve the challenging MNIST to SVHN adaptation path.
Experiments Testing Models of Mind-Matter Interaction

Abstract-Three models of mind-matter interaction (MMI) in random number generators (RNGs) were tested. One model assumes that MMI is a forward-time causal influence, a second assumes that MMI is due to present-time exploitation of precognitive information, and a third assumes that MMI is a retrocausal influence. A pilot test and a planned replication study provided significant evidence for MMI, allowing the models to be tested. The outcomes suggest that MMI effects on RNGs are better accounted for by a backwards-in-time rather than a forward-in-time process. Whether this finding will generalize to other experimental designs and MMI phenomena is unknown, but it raises the possibility that teleological pulls from the future may sometimes influence present-time decisions and events. This raises questions about commonly used scientific methodologies and assumptions. Keywords: mind-matter interaction-random number generator-models- retrocausal
Changes in the eccentric phase contribute to improved stretch-shorten cycle performance after training.

PURPOSE To determine whether ballistic power training and strength training result in specific changes in stretch-shorten cycle (SSC) function during the eccentric (ECC) phase and, if so, whether these changes are influenced by the individual's strength level. METHODS Thirty-two male subjects were divided into four groups: stronger power training group (SP, n = 8, squat one-repetition maximum-to-body mass ratio (1RM/BM) = 1.97 +/- 0.08), weaker power training group (WP, n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.32 +/- 0.14), weaker strength training group (WS, n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.28 +/- 0.17), or control group (C, n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.37 +/- 0.13). Training involved three sessions per week for 10 wk. The SP and WP groups performed maximal-effort jump squats with 0%-30% 1RM, and the WS group performed back squats at 75%-90% 1RM. Maximal strength, jump performance, musculotendinous stiffness, and neural activation were assessed before training and after 5 and 10 wk of training. RESULTS Both power and strength training elicited significant changes in a multitude of ECC variables that were significantly associated with improvements in concentric (CON) performance. Enhancements in CON performance were theorized to be driven by the development of a strategy to better use the ECC phase during jumping (i.e., greater unloading allowed for increased negative acceleration and thus velocity during the countermovement and improved musculotendinous stiffness resulted in an enhanced ability to translate the momentum developed during the ECC phase into force). Although a significant improvement in maximal strength resulted in changes to SSC function during the ECC phase, the initial strength level did not significantly affect the ECC variables before training or the magnitude of adaptations in individuals exposed to ballistic power training. CONCLUSIONS Training-induced alterations in SSC function during the ECC phase contributes to improvements in jump performance after both ballistic power training and heavy strength training.
Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation With 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors

A trial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. The prevalence of AF is estimated at 0.4 to 1% of the general population, increasing with age to >8% in those over 80 years of age.1–6 AF is also the most frequent complication after cardiac surgery, with an incidence of ≈30% after coronary artery bypass grafting7 and up to 60% after valve replacement.8 AF is complicated by an increased risk of stroke and increased mortality.9 Postoperative AF is also associated with a longer hospital stay and causes significant additional costs.8,10–19 Anticoagulation, rate control, and rhythm control strategies are treatment options of AF. Theoretically, establishment and maintenance of sinus rhythm would be hemodynamically beneficial and should reduce symptoms, morbidity, and mortality. However, large studies could not demonstrate that rhythm control is superior to rate control.20,21 Therefore, strategies to prevent AF (eg, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery) are needed. Here, we review recent mechanistic and clinical evidence suggesting an additional preventive strategy for patients at risk for AF and patients after thoracic and cardiac surgery, namely, treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins). We discuss recent data suggesting that in addition to cholesterol lowering, statins exert antiarrhythmic effects by improving endothelial nitric oxide (NO) availability and reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurohormonal activation. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating pharmacological strategies to prevent AF published between 1966 and November 2007. The search technique included computerized Medline searches that used the combination of the search term “atrial fibrillation” with “prevention,” “treatment,” “surgery,” “mice,” “drugs,” “statins,” “HMG-CoA reductase,” “adrenergic beta antagonists,” “angiotensin,” “calcium-channel blockers,” and “antiarrhythmic agents. ” Additional studies were identified by reviewing the bibliographies of published reports and the authors’ knowledge of the current literature. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been …
Using N-Grams To Understand the Nature of Summaries

Although single-document summarization is a well-studied task, the nature of multi-document summarization is only beginning to be studied in detail. While close attention has been paid to what technologies are necessary when moving from single to multi-document summarization, the properties of human-written multi-document summaries have not been quantified. In this paper, we empirically characterize human-written summaries provided in a widely used summarization corpus by attempting to answer the questions: Can multi-document summaries that are written by humans be characterized as extractive or generative? Are multi-document summaries less extractive than single-document summaries? Our results suggest that extraction-based techniques which have been successful for single-document summarization may not be sufficient when summarizing multiple documents.
Is chronic post-herniorrhaphy pain always chronic? A literature review

Introduction Chronic post-surgery pain (CPSP) has gained increased recognition as a major factor influencing health-related quality-of-life following most surgical procedures, in particular following surgery for benign conditions. The natural course of CPSP, however, is not well-known. Methods A literature review was undertaken, searching for studies with repeated estimates of post-herniorrhaphy pain. The hypothetical halvation time was calculated from the repeat estimates. Results Eight studies fulfilling the criteria were identified. With one exception, the extrapolated halvation times ranged from 1.3 to 9.2 years. Discussion Even if CPSP is generally very treatment-resistant, in many cases it eventually dissipates with time. Further studies are required to evaluate the prevalence of pain beyond the first decade.
The role of cytosolic proteins in the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into phospholipid bilayers

Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are membrane proteins that contain an N-terminal domain exposed to the cytosol and a single transmembrane segment near the C-terminus followed by few or no polar residues. TA proteins with a mildly hydrophobic transmembrane domain, such as cytochrome b5 (b5), are able to insert post-translationally into pure lipid vesicles without assistance from membrane proteins. Here, we investigated whether any cytosolic proteins are needed to maintain b5 in a competent state for transmembrane integration. Using b5 constructs translated in vitro or produced in bacteria, we demonstrate that cytosolic proteins are neither necessary nor facilitatory for the unassisted translocation of b5. Furthermore, we demonstrate that no cytosolic protein is involved in the translocation of a C-terminal domain of 85 residues appended to the transmembrane domain of b5. Nevertheless, b5 does bind cytosolic proteins, and in their presence but not in their absence, its insertion into liposomes is inhibited by the thiol oxidant diamide and the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide. The effect of diamide is also observed in living cells. Thus, the specific in vivo targeting of b5 might be achieved by interaction with redox-sensitive targeting factors that hinder its nonspecific insertion into any permissive bilayer.