Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Beliefs about Learner Autonomy in EFL Classrooms in Korea

This study was intended to investigate the beliefs about learner autonomy of English teachers in high schools in Korea. This study drew on the results of the previous research on teachers’ beliefs about learner autonomy in Oman (Borg & Al-Busaidi, 2012) and made an attempt to extend the previous study in two ways. First, this study adds new items to the questionnaire, which asks about the use of new technology for autonomous language learning. Second, this study provides teachers’ perspectives on learner autonomy for successful language learning in general. The survey results taken from 128 English teachers and the interview results from 12 out of the 128 English teachers yielded their beliefs about learner autonomy in general and their readiness to adopt new technology for autonomy. This paper argues that it is necessary to find the extent of teachers’ readiness to adopt the changes in teacher roles which learner autonomy implies. It also discusses the implications of these beliefs for future research and implementation into L2 classrooms.
Dong Minority Big Song:its Ecology Environment、Degradation and Protection

This article utilizes the ecology ideas to analysis and research the ecology environment、degradation and protection of Dong Minority Big Song on the real diagnosis.We realize that the production and inheritance of Dong Minority Big Song has a closed relation with its Natural Humanities ecology environment.The Changes of ecology environment,such as language Change、the break of inheritance、the change of inheritance carrier and the development of economy and society,will initiate the degradation and loss of Dong Minority Big Song.Base on this,we apply the idea of ecology protection to further understanding and positioning the "big song entering Classroom",and put forward some protection ideas of Dong Minority Big Song,such as training professional creative personnel and big song famous person and building big song cultural structure.
Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated

We examine gender wage disparities for four groups of college-educated women—black, Hispanic, Asian, and non-Hispanic white—using the National Survey of College Graduates. Raw log wage gaps, relative to non-Hispanic white male counterparts, generally exceed –0.30. Estimated gaps decline to between –0.08 and –0.19 in nonparametric analyses that (1) restrict attention to individuals who speak English at home and (2) match individuals on age, highest degree, and major. Among women with work experience comparable to men’s, these estimated gaps are smaller yet—between –0.004 and –0.13. Importantly, we find that inferences from familiar regression-based decompositions can be quite misleading.
Comparative outcomes of predominant facility-level use of ferumoxytol versus other intravenous iron formulations in incident hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Ferumoxytol was first approved for clinical use in 2009 solely based on data from trial comparisons with oral iron on biochemical anemia efficacy end points. To compare the rates of important patient outcomes (infection, cardiovascular events and death) between facilities predominantly using ferumoxytol versus iron sucrose (IS) or ferric gluconate (FG) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)-initiating hemodialysis (HD). METHODS Using the United States Renal Data System, we identified all HD facilities that switched (almost) all patients from IS/FG to ferumoxytol (July 2009-December 2011). Each switching facility was matched with three facilities that continued IS/FG use. All incident ESRD patients subsequently initiating HD in these centers were studied and assigned their facility exposure. They were followed for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular hospitalization/death or infectious hospitalization/death. Follow-up ended at kidney transplantation, switch to peritoneal dialysis, transfer to another facility, facility switch to another iron formulation and end of database (31 December 2011). Cox proportional hazards regression was then used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios [HR (95% confidence intervals)]. RESULTS In July 2009-December 2011, 278 HD centers switched to ferumoxytol; 265 units (95.3%) were matched with 3 units each that continued to use IS/FG. Subsequently, 14 206 patients initiated HD, 3752 (26.4%) in ferumoxytol and 10 454 (73.6%) in IS/FG centers; their characteristics were very similar. During 6433 person-years, 1929 all-cause, 726 cardiovascular and 191 infectious deaths occurred. Patients in ferumoxytol (versus IS/FG) facilities experienced similar all-cause [0.95 (0.85-1.07)], cardiovascular [0.99 (0.83-1.19)] and infectious mortality [0.88 (0.61-1.25)]. Among 5513 Medicare (Parts A + B) beneficiaries, cardiovascular events [myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death; 1.05 (0.79-1.39)] and infectious events [hospitalization/death; 0.96 (0.85-1.08)] did not differ between the iron exposure groups. CONCLUSIONS In incident HD patients, ferumoxytol showed similar short- to mid-term safety profiles with regard to cardiovascular, infectious and mortality outcomes compared with the more commonly used intravenous iron formulations IS and FG.
Preservice Agricultural Educators' Ability to Solve Agriculturally Related Mathematics Problems.

The ability to apply academic skills to agriculture is increasingly important. Even so, studies have shown that students and teachers of agricultural education lack competence in solving agriculture-related mathematics problems. The purpose of this correlational study was to explain variance in the mathematical problem-solving ability of preservice agricultural educators. Findings show a lack of competence in mathematical problem-solving among the preservice agricultural educators in the study. Also, preservice educators who achieved higher scores on the problem-solving test had completed fewer college mathematics courses, were more likely to have taken advanced mathematics courses, and possessed higher ACT math scores. A previously tested approach to teaching mathematical problem-solving in the context of agriculture was recommended. Additionally, the importance of recruiting undergraduate students with the aptitude needed to apply basic math and other academic principles to agriculture was emphasized. Further research is needed to more precisely isolate the nature of the problem. Do preservice agricultural educators lack mathematics skills, or do they lack the ability to conceptualize problems and devise appropriate solutions?
HALO: Hop-by-Hop Adaptive Link-State Optimal Routing

We present HALO, the first link-state routing solution with hop-by-hop packet forwarding that minimizes the cost of carrying traffic through packet-switched networks. At each node u, for every other node t, the algorithm independently and iteratively updates the fraction of traffic destined to t that leaves u on each of its outgoing links. At each iteration, the updates are calculated based on the shortest path to each destination as determined by the marginal costs of the network's links. The marginal link costs used to find the shortest paths are in turn obtained from link-state updates that are flooded through the network after each iteration. For stationary input traffic, we prove that HALO converges to the routing assignment that minimizes the cost of the network. Furthermore, we observe that our technique is adaptive, automatically converging to the new optimal routing assignment for quasi-static network changes. We also report numerical and experimental evaluations to confirm our theoretical predictions, explore additional aspects of the solution, and outline a proof-of-concept implementation of HALO.
Antipsychotic drugs and heart muscle disorder in international pharmacovigilance: data mining study

Abstract Objectives: To examine the relation between antipsychotic drugs and myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Design: Data mining using bayesian statistics implemented in a neural network architecture. Setting: International database on adverse drug reactions run by the World Health Organization programme for international drug monitoring. Main outcome measures: Reports mentioning antipsychotic drugs, cardiomyopathy, or myocarditis. Results: A strong signal existed for an association between clozapine and cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. An association was also seen with other antipsychotics as a group. The association was based on sufficient cases with adequate documentation and apparent lack of confounding to constitute a signal. Associations between myocarditis or cardiomyopathy and lithium, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, and risperidone need further investigation. Conclusions: Some antipsychotic drugs seem to be linked to cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. The study shows the potential of bayesian neural networks in analysing data on drug safety.
Measuring Emotional Intelligence in Early Adolescence With the MSCEIT-YV

Emotional intelligence (EI) theory provides a framework to study the role of emotion skills in social, personal, and academic functioning. Reporting data validating the importance of EI among youth have been limited due to a dearth of measurement instruments. In two studies, the authors examined the reliability and validity of the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test—Youth Version (MSCEIT-YV), a performance test of EI. Study 1 examined psychometric attributes of the MSCEIT-YV in a large sample of fifth- to eighth-grade students (N = 756). Study 2 examined the relationship of the MSCEIT to student and teacher reports of academic, social, and personal functioning among fifth- and sixth-grade students (N = 273). The authors report that EI can be measured reliably with the MSCEIT-YV and that higher scores on the test are related to healthier psychological functioning and greater social competence based on both teacher and student ratings, as well as to academic performance in English language arts.
Exercising for Life? Energy Metabolism, Body Composition, and Longevity in Mice Exercising at Different Intensities

Studies that have found a positive influence of moderate, nonexhaustive exercise on life expectancy contradict the rate‐of‐living theory, which predicts that high energy expenditure in exercising animals should shorten life. We investigated effects of exercise on energy metabolism and life span in male mice from lines that had been selectively bred for high voluntary wheel‐running activity and from the nonselected control lines. Mice were divided into the following three groups (n = 100 per group): active high‐runner mice (housed with wheels; HR+), sedentary high‐runner mice (no wheels provided; HR−), and active control mice (C+). Sixty animals from each group were left undisturbed throughout their lives to create survival curves. In the remaining 40 animals in each group, energy metabolism and body composition was measured at 2, 10, 18, or 26 mo of age. Wheel‐running activity was increased by ∼50% throughout life in HR+ mice compared with C+ mice, and mass‐specific daily energy expenditure was increased by ∼30% in HR+ mice compared with both C+ mice and HR− mice. Median life span was similar in HR+ mice and HR− mice (740 and 733 d, respectively), and it was significantly shorter in these mice than it was in C+ mice (828 d). Thus, increasing the amount of voluntary aerobic exercise (as a result of selective breeding or housing with wheels) did not result in extended life span in mice, and we found no evidence for a direct link between energy expenditure and life span.
No-Regret Learning and Game-Theoretic Equilibria

receiving a master's degree in 2005 and a Ph.D. in 2008. iv Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to all those who worked with me and supported me over the course of my graduate studies. To Sara Hillenmeyer, Michelle Hasday, my parents, my collaborators (Zheng Li, Warren Schudy, and especially Geoffrey Gordon), and above all to Amy Greenwald—thank you, from the bottom of my heart.
Age, Neurological Status MRC Scale, and Postoperative Morbidity are Prognostic Factors in Patients with Glioblastoma Treated by Chemoradiotherapy

Introduction Temozolomide and concomitant radiotherapy followed by temozolomide has been used as a standard therapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiform since 2005. A search for prognostic factors was conducted in patients with glioblastoma routinely treated by this strategy in our institution. Methods This retrospective study included all patients with histologically proven glioblastoma diagnosed between June 1, 2005, and January 1, 2012, in the Franche-Comté region and treated by radiotherapy (daily fractions of 2 Gy for a total of 60 Gy) combined with temozolomide at a dose of 75 mg/m2 per day, followed by six cycles of maintenance temozolomide (150–200 mg/m2, five consecutive days per month). The primary aim was to identify prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) in this cohort of patients. Results One hundred three patients were included in this study. The median age was 64 years. The median OS was 13.7 months (95% confidence interval, 12.5–15.9 months). In multivariate analysis, age over 65 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.88; P = 0.01), Medical Research Council (MRC) scale 3–4 (HR = 1.62; P = 0.038), and occurrence of postoperative complications (HR = 2.15; P = 0.028) were associated with unfavorable OS. Conclusions This study identified three prognostic factors in patients with glioblastoma eligible to the standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. Age over 65 years, MRC scale 3–4, and occurrence of postoperative complications were associated with unfavorable OS. A simple clinical evaluation including these three factors enables to estimate the patient prognosis. MRC neurological scale could be a useful, quick, and simple measure to assess neurological status in glioblastoma patients.
A novel lane detection based on geometrical model and Gabor filter

Many people die each year in the world in single vehicle roadway departure crashes caused by driver inattention, especially on the freeway. Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS) is a useful system to avoid those accident, in which, the lane detection is a key issue. In this paper, after a brief overview of existing methods, we present a robust lane detection algorithm based on geometrical model and Gabor filter. This algorithm is based on two assumptions: the road in front of vehicle is approximately planar and marked which are often correct on the highway and freeway where most lane departure accidents happen [1]. The lane geometrical model we build in this paper contains four parameters which are starting position, lane original orientation, lane width and lane curvature. The algorithm is composed of three stages: the first stage is called off-line calibration which just runs once after the camera is mounted and fixed in the vehicle. The parameters of camera used for lane detection is accurately estimated by the 2D calibration method [2]; The second stage is called lane model parameters estimation and lane model candidates construction, the first three parameters, starting position, lane original orientation and lane width will be estimated using dominant orientation estimation [3] and local Hough transform. Then the construction of lane model candidates is implemented for the final lane model matching; the third stage is model matching. The proposed lane module matching algorithm is implemented to match the best fitted lane model. The combination of these modules can overcome the universal lane detection problems due to inaccuracies in edge detection such as shadow of tree and passengers on the road. Experimental results on real road will be presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed lane detection algorithm.
A new tool to facilitate prosodic analysis of motion capture data and a data-driven technique for the improvement of avatar motion

Researchers have been investigating the potential rewards of utilizing motion capture for linguistic analysis, but have encountered challenges when processing it. A significant problem is the nature of the data: along with the signal produced by the signer, it also contains noise. The first part of this paper is an exposition on the origins of noise and its relationship to motion capture data of signed utterances. The second part presents a tool, based on established mathematical principles, for removing or isolating noise to facilitate prosodic analysis. This tool yields surprising insights into a data-driven strategy for a parsimonious model of life-like appearance in a sparse key-frame avatar.
Audit of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in long-term enteral feeding in a nursing home.

OBJECTIVES Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is now easily used in the event of long-term enteral nutrition. Tolerance of long-term enteral feeding has been documented in different populations but the documentation is incomplete in the case of older and frail people. Our aim was to describe early and late tolerance in this population, and to propose ways in which it could be improved. DESIGN Retrospective study in two parts: tolerance and quality of care; case-control study for tolerance. SETTING A nursing home with 240 beds in south-west France. who had undergone PEG insertion between January 1990 and June 1994. Fifty-eight patients were involved, 12 under 65 years (48 +/- 10.6), and 46 over 65 (80.7 +/- 9.3). The gastrostomy insertion was performed because of a vegetative state in 6 patients, swallowing difficulties in 31 and anorexia in 21. A control group was gathered in December 1996, which included all patients for whom the question of nutritional support was mentioned books but where no artificial nutrition had been implemented due to the patients' or families' refusal or to a staff decision. This group included 50 patients, 5 younger than 65 years (54 +/- 8.3), and 45 older (84.7 +/- 7.6). In 22 cases the nutritional problem was swallowing difficulties and in 28 cases anorexia. Pressure ulcers were present before insertion in 34 patients in the PEG group and in 7 of the control group (p < 0.001). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prognosis, early and late cutaneous digestive (ileus, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux) and pulmonary (bronchorrhea, dyspnea and aspiration pneumonia) complications for PEG and control groups, and patients with signs of poor behavioural tolerance of PEG were recorded in the chart. Audit of quality of care was performed in the PEG group using eight criteria: two concerned the pre-insertion period, two the early follow-up and four the long-term follow-up. RESULTS Early mortality (4 weeks) was 13.8% in PEG (vs 10%, NS), mid-term mortality (between 4 and 8 weeks) was 12.1% (vs 14%, NS) and late mortality was 19.0% (vs 42.0%, length of follow-up 63.4 +/- 42.1 weeks compared to 53.1 +/- 63.8 weeks, NS). The duration of follow-up of the living patients was 71.6 +/- 61.8 weeks in PEG compared to 48.0 +/- 70.5 in the control group. Only 20% in PEG were free of any cutaneous complication around the insertion site, and 8 abscesses occurred during the first week. Pulmonary complications occurred in 39% of the PEG group (vs 30.0, NS). Aspiration pneumonia was significantly associated with swallowing difficulties in both groups (p < 0.05). Vomiting occurred for 15.5% of the PEG group (vs 12%, NS), ileus in 13.8% (vs 6%, NS). Gastroesophageal reflux was found in 2 PEG patients, compared to 1 case among the control patients. Pressures sores were healing in 20 out of 34 patients in the PEG group (vs 2 out of 7) and new ulcers appeared in 6 out of 24 (vs 8 out of 43). Fifteen (25.8%) of the PEG patients attempted to withdraw the tube.
Attention Please: Positioning Attention at the Center of Curriculum and Pedagogy

This paper explores two contradictory approaches to the concept of attention as it underlies curriculum theory based on conceptual analysis and empirical studies. The first approach depicts a common curricular-pedagogical conception based on the following premises: 1) Attention is a means for the acquisition of disciplinary knowledge. 2) Sustained voluntary attention is an unrealistic goal given the tendency of the mind to wander, hence the teacher is responsible for sustaining students’ attention. The second approach, stemming from theory and contemporary applications of ‘attentional training’ challenges both premises suggesting that: 1) Attention determines the quality of our life thus its cultivation is an end in itself. 2) The cultivation of sustained voluntary attention through self-practice is feasible and holds significant transformative educational potential. Based on the analysis proposed the paper suggests and exemplifies a balancing approach in which subject matter and attentional training can be integrated with each made subservient to the other at different times toward broadening the scope of education.
An Analysis of Travel Information Searching on the Web

In this article, the phenomenon of searching for travel information on the Web is reported. The issues of how predominant travel searching is on the Web, how people are searching for travel information on the Web, and what terms people are using to express their travel-related information needs are investigated. In this research, 2,465,145 interactions from 534,507 users of the commercial Web search engine, Dogpile.com, on May 6, 2005 are analyzed employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Findings show that, at most, approximately 6.5% of Web queries are for travel searching. Geographical information accounts for nearly 50% of this travel searching, with general travel information accounting for just less than 10%. An analysis of individual terms in travel queries shows there is substantial searching for travel-specific websites such as mapquest, travelocity, and orbitz. Travel searchers appear to be target-specific events, again showing a strong geographical bias along with a temporal component of the underlying information intent. The distribution of travel topics is skewed, with several topics being “very focused” and others being “very general. ” A classification scheme for travel-related Web queries was developed, which should be helpful for other researchers in the online travel searching area. The implications for both content providers of travel information and for searchers of travel information on the Web are discussed.
Clearance and Biodistribution of Liposomally Encapsulated Nitroxides: A Model for Targeted Delivery of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging Probes to Tumors

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging using nitroxides as molecular probes is potentially a powerful tool for the detection and physiological characterization of micrometastatic lesions. Encapsulating nitroxides in anti-HER2 immunoliposomes at high concentrations to take advantage of the “self-quenching” phenomenon of nitroxides allows generation of robust EPR signals in HER2-overexpressing breast tumor cells with minimal background from indifferent tissues or circulating liposomes. We investigated the in vivo pharmacological properties of nitroxides encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes designed for long circulation times. We show that circulation times of nitroxides can be extended from hours to days; this increases the proportion of liposomes in circulation to enhance tumor targeting. Furthermore, nitroxides encapsulated in sterically stabilized anti-HER2 immunoliposomes can be delivered to HER2-overexpressing tumors at micromolar concentrations, which should be imageable by EPR. Lastly, after in vivo administration, liposomally encapsulated nitroxide signal also appears in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Although these organs are spatially distinct and would not hinder tumor imaging in our model, understanding nitroxide signal retention in these organs is essential for further improvements in EPR imaging contrast between tumors and other tissues. These results lay the foundation to use liposomally delivered nitroxides and EPR imaging to visualize tumor cells in vivo.