Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Research Strategies and Professional Networks in Management Scholars’ Productivity

We propose a model of knowledge creation, transfer, and adoption based on theories of creativity and social networks. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 119 full professors in management departments at U.S. universities. We examine the effects that two research strategies, coauthoring and working in multiple research fields, have on the number of publications in each of three journal quality tiers during an 8-year period. In addition, we examined the influence that having strong ties and a dense network of professional colleagues each has on the total number of citations garnered by those publications. Results showed a heterogeneous pattern of coauthoring (distributing coauthoring activity evenly across a greater number of coauthors) is positively related to the number of publications in the highest-quality journals for the focal researcher. The heterogeneity of research fields in which a researcher works is also positively related to greater productivity, albeit in second- and third-tier publication outlets. In addition, we found that the number of strong ties in the focal author’s professional support network positively related to his or her total citation count, independent of the number and quality of publications. Implications for the social network theory of creativity, organizational knowledge theory, and models of management scholars’ productivity are explored.
Medical evidence in child sexual assault cases

Purpose – Previous studies suggest that the presence of medical evidence is rare in child sexual assault (CSA) cases, and if present at all, such evidence is unlikely to identify a specific assailant. This study aims to examine the role medical evidence plays in criminal cases of CSA. Specifically, the prevalence of medical evidence in CSA cases, its impact on decisions to prosecute CSA cases, as well as its effect on conviction rates are examined.Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted on the impact of medical evidence in criminal child sexual abuse (CSA) cases.Findings – The results of the review suggest medical evidence increases the likelihood of prosecution; however the impact of medical evidence on conviction rate is equivocal.Research limitations/implications – The implications of these findings for legal and psychological practice, government policy and future areas for academic research are discussed.Originality/value – To the authors' knowledge, no other review.
Assessing Teachers’ Context Beliefs about Technology Use

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument designed to assess teachers’ context beliefs about using technology in the classroom. The study involved teachers participating in a professional development program focused on the integration of technology with principles of engaged learning. Based on Ford’s (1992) Motivation Systems Theory, items for the Beliefs About Teaching with Technology (BATT) instrument were developed and tested. Validity was partially confirmed through factor analysis and by correlating BATT scores with teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs as measured by the Microcomputer Utilization in Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (MUTEBI). In addition, teachers’ context and self-efficacy belief were significant predictors of teachers’ reported use of technology-related engaged learning practices. It was concluded that in the realm of technology school reform efforts, the assessment of context and self-efficacy beliefs is important so that teachers’ belief patterns can serve as a needs assessment and program evaluation tools.
Evaluation of bond strength of orthodontic brackets without enamel etching

Background To compare the shear bond strength of brackets with and without enamel etching. Material and Methods In this study, 60 sound premolars were randomly divided into four different groups: 1- TXE group: Enamel etching+Transbond XT adhesive+ Transbond XT composite. 2- TXS group: Transbond plus self-etch adhesive+ Transbond XT composite. 3- PQ1E group: Enamel etching+ PQ1 adhesive+ Transbond XT composite. 4- PQ1 group: PQ1 adhesive+ Transbond XT composite. The shear bond strengths of brackets were evaluated using universal testing machine at cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was also measured. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, Kruskal-wallis and Mann-Witney U test were used for data analysis. Results There was a significant difference between etched and unetched groups respect to SBS and ARI (p<0.05), however; no significant difference was observed between unetched group and self-etch adhesive group (p>> 0.05). The shear bond strength of PQ1 group was the least but in acceptable range and its ARI was less than other groups. Conclusions PQ1 adhesive can be used for bracket bonding without enamel etching with adequate bond strength and minimal ARI. Key words:Bracket, shear bond strength, filled-adhesive, self-etch adhesive.
Determination of forces in alpine skiing and snowboarding: Validation of a mobile data acquisition system

Abstract The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the influence of temperature on the accuracy of a single 3D-dynamometer, (2) to establish the accuracy of a force measurement system that utilizes 3D-dynamometers, and (3) to compare forces measured by pressure insoles and by 3D-dynamometers. Temperature dependence was assessed on a single dynamometer at three different temperatures (23°C, 0°C, −10°C) in a cooling chamber. The relative measurement error was determined in the laboratory with the system mounted on alpine skis and on a snowboard. The forces measured by pressure insoles and by 3D-dynamometers were compared in tests on snow. One skier was used in this part of the study. The average measurement error of a single dynamometer increased from 0.2% to 0.9% when the temperature changed from +23°C to −10°C. At low forces (<292 N), the average measurement error was 4.6% and 3.3% for the ski and snowboard system, respectively. At higher forces (>292 N), the average measurement error decreased to 0.3% and 0.4% for the ski and snowboard system, respectively. The average measurement error for 3D torques ranged from 4.0 to 8.3% for the ski, and from 2.4 to 8.5% for the snowboard system. The deviation of the calculated point of force application from its reference was 1.4 mm (medio-lateral) and 8.8 mm (antero-posterior) for the ski, and 2.7 mm and 10.4 mm for the snowboard system. In general, forces determined by insoles were on average 21% (outer ski) and 54% (inner ski) lower than forces measured by 3D-dynamometers. The similarity in force–time characteristics of the insoles compared with the 3D-dynamometer was high. In conclusion, the temperature had little impact on the measurement accuracy of 3D-dynamometers. The measurement error of 3D-dynamometers decreased with an increase in forces. The accuracy of 3D-dynamometers was similar to that shown in previous studies of measuring systems used in laboratory tests. The 3D-dynamometers increased the standing height by 36 mm and are heavier than insoles, but they provide 3D force and torque data. In skiing and snowboarding, insole measurements are not accurate enough for most biomechanical analyses (e.g. for inverse dynamic calculations). Applications where insole measurements might still be useful could be descriptive analyses of a skiing or snowboarding technique.
Write a Classifier: Predicting Visual Classifiers from Unstructured Text

People typically learn through exposure to visual concepts associated with linguistic descriptions. For instance, teaching visual object categories to children is often accompanied by descriptions in text or speech. In a machine learning context, these observations motivates us to ask whether this learning process could be computationally modeled to learn visual classifiers. More specifically, the main question of this work is how to utilize purely textual description of visual classes with no training images, to learn explicit visual classifiers for them. We propose and investigate two baseline formulations, based on regression and domain transfer, that predict a linear classifier. Then, we propose a new constrained optimization formulation that combines a regression function and a knowledge transfer function with additional constraints to predict the parameters of a linear classifier. We also propose a generic kernelized models where a kernel classifier is predicted in the form defined by the representer theorem. The kernelized models allow defining and utilizing any two Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) kernel functions in the visual space and text space, respectively. We finally propose a kernel function between unstructured text descriptions that builds on distributional semantics, which shows an advantage in our setting and could be useful for other applications. We applied all the studied models to predict visual classifiers on two fine-grained and challenging categorization datasets (CU Birds and Flower Datasets), and the results indicate successful predictions of our final model over several baselines that we designed.
Humor appreciation and sensation seeking: Invariance of findings across culture and assessment instrument?

Abstract It was hypothesized that sensation seeking (SS) is able to predict both the structure and content of jokes and cartoons. Five hypotheses were derived and tested in two samples from Spain and Germany comprising a total of 434 participants. The basic pattern of correlations was replicated for the two samples, and for the different measures of humor appreciation (3-WD, EAHU) and sensation seeking (AISS, SSS). Experience Seeking and Novelty were predictive of low appreciation of incongruity-resolution humor and high appreciation of nonsense humor. Disinhibition and Intensity were positively correlated with funniness of sexual, black, man-disparagement and woman-disparagement humor, and negatively with their aversiveness. When the structure variance from the content categories was removed, the correlations between appreciation of humor contents and sensation seeking increased. This confirmed that structure and content have to be separated both theoretically and empirically in studies of appreciation of content categories.
Respiration of Cucumber Fruits Associated with Physiological Injury at Chilling Temperatures.

12. MUNOZ, J. M. and LELOIR, L. F. Fatty acid oxidation by liver enzymes. Jour. Biol. Chem. 147: 355-362. 1943. 13. NEWCOMB, E. H. and STUMPF, P. K. Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in peanut cotyledons. In: Phosphorus Metabolism, McElroy, W. P. and Glass, Bentley, Ed. II. Pp. 291-300. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland 1952 14. STUMPF, P. K. Fat metabolism in higher plants. III. Enzymic oxidation of glycerol. Plant Physiol. 30: 55-58. 1955. 15. WAIN, R. L. and WIGHTMAN, F. Growth-regulating activity of certain w-substituted alkyl carboxylic acids in relation to their 8-oxidation within the plant. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 142: 525-536. 1954.
A Systematic Map of Genetic Variation in Plasmodium falciparum

Discovering novel genes involved in immune evasion and drug resistance in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is of critical importance to global health. Such knowledge may assist in the development of new effective vaccines and in the appropriate use of antimalarial drugs. By performing a full-genome scan of allelic variability in 14 field and laboratory strains of P. falciparum, we comprehensively identified ’500 genes evolving at higher than neutral rates. The majority of the most variable genes have paralogs within the P. falciparum genome and may be subject to a different evolutionary clock than those without. The group of 211 variable genes without paralogs contains most known immunogens and a few drug targets, consistent with the idea that the human immune system and drug use is driving parasite evolution. We also reveal gene-amplification events including one surrounding pfmdr1, the P. falciparum multidrug-resistance gene, and a previously uncharacterized amplification centered around the P. falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase gene, the first enzyme in the folate biosynthesis pathway. Although GTP cyclohydrolase is not the known target of any current drugs, downstream members of the pathway are targeted by several widely used antimalarials. We speculate that an amplification of the GTP cyclohydrolase enzyme in the folate biosynthesis pathway may increase flux through this pathway and facilitate parasite resistance to antifolate drugs.
Black raspberries in cancer clinical trials: Past, present and future

BACKGROUND Black raspberries (BRB) inhibit a broad range of cancers in preclinical models, including in vivo models of oral, esophageal, colon, breast and skin cancer. Promising preclinical results have led to clinical evaluations in cancer patients or patients at increased risk for cancer development. OBJECTIVE To summarize clinical investigations targeting cancer or precancerous lesions with BRB and discuss future directions. METHODS A thorough literature search was conducted through December 1, 2015 to identify all published studies evaluating BRB in cancer focused clinical trials. RESULTS Research investigating BRB in clinical settings report positive effects on preneoplastic lesions or cancers of the oral cavity, esophagus and colon. BRB treatment resulted in: histologic regression of oral intraepithelial neoplasia associated with improved histologic grade and significantly reduced loss of heterozygosity at tumor suppressor gene loci, modulated genes linked to RNA processing and growth factor recycling; in the colon, BRB inhibited FAP-associated polyp progression, demethylated tumor suppressor genes and improved plasma cytokine profiles; in Barrett’s patients, BRB consumption increased tissue levels of GST-pi and decreased 8-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The precise dose, duration and optimum mode of BRB delivery for cancer inhibition remains to be fully elucidated. Common themes across studies support that BRB are anti-proliferative, anti- inflammatory, reduce oxidative stress and restore tumor suppressive activity. Future directions are included in the conclusions section.
Culture Modulates the Brain Response to Harmonic Violations: An EEG Study on Hierarchical Syntactic Structure in Music

We investigated the role of culture in processing hierarchical syntactic structures in music. We examined whether violation of non-local dependencies manifest in event related potentials (ERP) for Western and Iranian excerpts by recording EEG while participants passively listened to sequences of modified/original excerpts. We also investigated oscillatory and synchronization properties of brain responses during processing of hierarchical structures. For the Western excerpt, subjective ratings of conclusiveness were marginally significant and the difference in the ERP components fell short of significance. However, ERP and behavioral results showed that while listening to culturally familiar music, subjects comprehended whether or not the hierarchical syntactic structure was fulfilled. Irregularities in the hierarchical structures of the Iranian excerpt elicited an early negativity in the central regions bilaterally, followed by two later negativities from 450–700 to 750–950 ms. The latter manifested throughout the scalp. Moreover, violations of hierarchical structure in the Iranian excerpt were associated with (i) an early decrease in the long range alpha phase synchronization, (ii) an early increase in the oscillatory activity in the beta band over the central areas, and (iii) a late decrease in the theta band phase synchrony between left anterior and right posterior regions. Results suggest that rhythmic structures and melodic fragments, representative of Iranian music, created a familiar context in which recognition of complex non-local syntactic structures was feasible for Iranian listeners. Processing of neural responses to the Iranian excerpt indicated neural mechanisms for processing of hierarchical syntactic structures in music at different levels of cortical integration.
The Student Actions Coding Sheet (SACS): An instrument for illuminating the shifts toward student‐centered science classrooms

This study describes the development of an instrument to investigate the extent to which student‐centered actions are occurring in science classrooms. The instrument was developed through the following five stages: (1) student action identification, (2) use of both national and international content experts to establish content validity, (3) refinement of the item pool based on reviewer comments, (4) pilot testing of the instrument, and (5) statistical reliability and item analysis leading to additional refinement and finalization of the instrument. In the field test, the instrument consisted of 26 items separated into four categories originally derived from student‐centered instruction literature and used by the authors to sort student actions in previous research. The SACS was administered across 22 Grade 6–8 classrooms by 22 groups of observers, with a total of 67 SACS ratings completed. The finalized instrument was found to be internally consistent, with acceptable estimates from inter‐rater intraclass correlation reliability coefficients at the p < 0.01 level. After the final stage of development, the SACS instrument consisted of 24 items separated into three categories, which aligned with the factor analysis clustering of the items. Additionally, concurrent validity of the SACS was established with the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol. Based on the analyses completed, the SACS appears to be a useful instrument for inclusion in comprehensive assessment packages for illuminating the extent to which student‐centered actions are occurring in science classrooms.
Did the Egalitarian Reforms of the Swedish Educational System Equalise Levels of Democratic Citizenship

In the mid-1990s an extensive reform of the Swedish educational system was initiated in order to create a ‘school for everyone’ intended to function like a ‘social equaliser’. The new unified gymnasium initiated longer educational programmes with an extended curriculum of social science courses. This article examines whether the well documented gap in levels of democratic citizenship indicators between students in theoretical and vocational gymnasium study programmes persisted after this massive reform. Given the vast amount of empirical research that has shown that education promotes democratic citizenship, the reform could be expected to result in a decreased civic gap. However, contrary to the conventional wisdom in research on the impact of education, little evidence is found linking the initiation of longer educational programmes with more social science courses to an increase in the levels of the examined dimensions of democratic citizenship. The egalitarian reform of the Swedish gymnasium, which provided more civic education, did not produce hypothesised positive effects on any of the dimensions under study (i.e., political participation, political knowledge and political attentiveness). Rather, results support the pre-adult socialisation models since the gap between citizens from theoretical and vocational gymnasium study programmes remained after the unification of the educational system.
Patients' and staff's perceptions of the psychiatric ward environment.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the extent to which patients' and staff's perceptions of the psychiatric ward atmosphere and the working conditions of staff influence patient and staff satisfaction. METHODS A total of 640 staff members on 42 wards completed the Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS) and the Working Environment Scale-10 (WES-10). A total of 424 patients on the same wards completed the WAS. Both patients and staff members answered three questions about their general satisfaction with the ward. The ward means were used as the unit of analysis. RESULTS The staff members had significantly higher scores than the patients on nine of the 11 WAS subscales. Patients' and staff's WAS scores were moderately correlated. No significant correlation was found between patients' and staff's scores on the three satisfaction items. Patient satisfaction was strongly correlated with patients' WAS scores and was moderately correlated with staff's WAS scores but was not significantly correlated with staff's WES-10 scores. Staff satisfaction was moderately correlated with staff's WAS and WES-10 scores but was not correlated with patients' WAS scores. CONCLUSIONS Different aspects of the treatment climate seem to be important for patient and staff satisfaction. The ward atmosphere seems to be more important for patient satisfaction than for staff satisfaction. The working environment is strongly related to staff satisfaction but seems to be unrelated to patient satisfaction.
The conceptual and empirical foundations of Empowering Coaching™: Setting the stage for the PAPA project

This article describes the evolution and key features of a training programme, Empowering Coaching™, which pulls from both the achievement goal frameworks and self-determination theory and related research. This programme takes into account that there are key dimensions of the social psychological environments created by significant others (such as coaches) and central motivational processes that are pertinent to sustained and optimal engagement in activities (such as sport). Also presented is information on how and why Empowering Coaching™ was implemented within the European-wide “Promoting Adolescent Physical Activity” project (www.projectpapa.org), which aimed to provide an evidence-based intervention approach to facilitating “healthy sport experiences for healthier kids”.
Kinematics of the Galactic halo from horizontal branch stars in the Hamburg/ESO survey

Large samples of field horizontal branch (FHB) stars make excellent tracers of the Galactic halo; by studying their kinematics, one can infer important physical properties of our Galaxy. Here we present the results of a medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of 530 FHB stars selected from the Hamburg/ESO survey. The stars have a mean distance of ∼7 kpc and thus probe the inner parts of the Milky Way halo. We measure radial velocities from the spectra in order to test the model of Sommer-Larsen et al., who suggested that the velocity ellipsoid of the halo changes from radially dominated orbits to tangentially dominated orbits as one proceeds from the inner to the outer halo. We find that the present data are unable to discriminate between this model and a more simple isothermal ellipsoid; we suggest that additional observations towards the Galactic Centre might help to differentiate them.
High Stakes Tests with Self-Selected Essay Questions: Addressing Issues of Fairness

This study investigates the effect of reporting the unadjusted raw scores in a high-stakes language exam when raters differ significantly in severity and self-selected questions differ significantly in difficulty. More sophisticated models, introducing meaningful facets and parameters, are successively used to investigate the characteristics of the dataset. The application of the Rasch models to the data showed that examinees could benefit significantly from being marked by lenient raters and by responding to less demanding essay questions. It was also shown that the third rater failed to adjust the raw scores in a way similar to the statistical adjustment by the Rasch models. The study discusses the consequences of reporting unadjusted raw scores with particular emphasis on issues of fairness.