Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capitalism, Employment, and Complexity: With Further Critical Comments on Another Hodgson

I would be very grateful if the readers of this journal would help me. It seems that there is another "Geoffrey Hodgson" who also published a book called Economics and Utopia in 1999. This other Hodgson is the one whom Stephanie Bell and John Henry (2001) have criticized so forcibly in a recent issue of this journal. The position they criticized is so very different from my own that it is clear there must be another Hodgson at large. I am most grateful to Stephanie and John for bringing this other Hodgson to my attention. But I cannot find this other Hodgson's (1999) work anywhere. This other Hodgson seems to have plagiarized a few words from my own book and, to make matters worse, seems also to be responsible for a number of silly arguments. I am also grateful to Stephanie and John for showing how weak the other Hodgson's arguments are. But I am still worried. This other Hodgson could be confused with me! I am asking for the help of lEI readers in two ways. First, if anyone has a copy of Economics and Utopia by the other "Geoffrey Hodgson," then I shall love to obtain a copy. Second, I ask to be allowed to explain here how my views differ from those of the other Hodgson. I fully acknowledge that my own ideas are not always presented with optimum clarity, so I appreciate this opportunity to have another try. In the following section I recapitulate some of the ideas of the other Hodgson, as portrayed by Bell and Henry. I contrast my own views with those of my unfortunate namesake. In the subsequent section I summarize, for the record, my own argument in the third part of my Economics and Utopia.
Convergence Rates of Parabolic Difference Schemes for Non-Smooth Data*

Consider the approximate solution of the initial-value problem for a parabolic system by means of a parabolic finite difference scheme of accuracy 1A. The main result of the present paper is essentially that for positive time and v in W1 a with 1 0, (0.2) u(x, 0) = vx, and a consistent single step finite-difference operator with constant coefficients, (0.3) Ekv(x) = E aiv(x + 1h), iEZ which is accurate of order At and parabolic in the sense of John (cf. Section 2). The problem of estimating, for non-smooth initial data v, the rate of convergence of the finite-difference solution Ek'V to the solution E(t)v of the continuous problem for nk = t as k and h tend to zero while X = kh-f2 is kept constant, has been discussed, e.g. in John (5), Juncosa and Young (6), Hedstrom (7), Kreiss, Thomee and Widlund (8), Ldfstrbm (9), Peetre and Thomee (10), Wasow (11), Widlund (12), (13). In partic-
Stroke patients' perceptions of home blood pressure monitoring: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the UK. Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for stroke. There is increasing interest n home blood pressure monitors for self-monitoring, but no published research on the experiences of stroke patients who do self-monitor. AIM To explore stroke patients' experiences of self-monitoring with nurse-led support. DESIGN AND SETTING A qualitative study of 26 (66%) patients from the first 39 participants to complete the intervention arm of a community-based randomised controlled trial (RCT) of home blood pressure monitoring in 381 patients recruited from hospital stroke clinics in south London. METHOD Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 26 patients. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed, and a thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. RESULTS Participants were highly motivated to avoid a further stroke and developed a strong focus on blood pressure control and attaining a 'good result'. Only a minority reported anxiety about their blood pressure. Participants gained a welcome sense of empowerment and control over managing their health; some felt confident and 'experimented' with their medication doses. Eight patients required physical help to self-monitor and there was uncertainty about where responsibility lay for such help. Patients who lived alone and were functionally impaired had the least positive experience. Active engagement with the home blood pressure monitoring process by GPs was variable. CONCLUSION Patients in this study generally reported increased knowledge and empowerment about blood pressure control and avoiding further strokes. The technique is overall welcome, acceptable, and successful, even in patients with disabilities. Since home blood pressure monitoring can also lead to improved blood pressure control, this simple, pragmatic intervention might be more widely used.
Do Immigrants Screened for Skills Do Better than Family Reunification Immigrants?

It is sometimes thought that immigrants who are screened for occupational skills are likely to become more productive Americans than immigrants who gain admission on the basis of family ties to native-born U.S. citizens or to previous immigrants. However, the expected differential may be small or nonexistent because: 1) kinship immigrants have access to family networks; 2) whereas employers may screen for short-term productivity, family members may screen for long-term productivity; and 3) native-born U.S. citizens who sponsor spouses may be particularly adept at screening for long-term success. Longitudinal data on the 1977 immigrant cohort is used to compare initial and longer-term occupational outcomes among employment and kinship immigrants. Results indicate a narrowing of the differential, due both to higher rates of occupational downgrading among employment immigrants and of occupational upgrading among kinship immigrants.
Association between Six CETP Polymorphisms and Metabolic Syndrome in Uyghur Adults from Xinjiang, China

Objective: To explore the association between CETP gene polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as the relationship between the CETP gene polymorphisms and each component of MS. Methods: A total of 571 individuals which were randomly selected from 5692 Uyghur adults were subdivided into two groups, including 280 patients with MS and 291 control subjects, using the group-matching method after matching for gender. We detected CETP polymorphisms (rs5882, rs1800775, rs3764261, rs12149545, rs711752, and rs708272) by using the Snapshot method. Results: (1) Significant differences were found involving the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of rs1800775, rs3764261, rs12149545, rs711752, and rs708272 between the control and MS groups (all p < 0.05). (2) rs1800775, rs3764261, rs12149545, rs711752, and rs708272 polymorphisms were significantly related to the risk of MS (all p < 0.05). (3) The rs1800775 polymorphism was associated with high fasting blood glucose levels and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); rs3764261 and rs12149545 polymorphisms were associated with all components of MS except high blood pressure; rs711752 and rs708272 polymorphisms were associated with low HDL-C (all p < 0.05). (4) Complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) was identified for two pairs of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3764261 and rs12149545 (D’ = 1.000, r2 = 0.931), rs711752 and rs708272 (D’ = 1.000, r2 = 0.996)). (5) The A-G-G-G-C (p = 0.013, odds ratio [OR] = 0.622, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.427–0.906) and A-T-A-A-T (p < 0.001, OR = 0.519, 95% CI = 0.386–0.697) haplotypes were more frequent in the control group than in the case group. Conclusions: The rs1800775, rs3764261, rs12149545, rs711752, and rs708272 polymorphisms of CETP were associated with MS and its components among the Uyghur ethnic group. Complete LD was found between two pairs of SNPs (rs3764261 and rs12149545, rs711752, and rs708272). The A-G-G-G-C and A-T-A-A-T haplotypes might be protective factors for MS.
Extreme contagion in global habitat clearance

Habitat clearance remains the major cause of biodiversity loss, with consequences for ecosystem services and for people. In response to this, many global conservation schemes direct funds to regions with high rates of recent habitat destruction, though some also emphasize the conservation of remaining large tracts of intact habitat. If the pattern of habitat clearance is highly contagious, the latter approach will help prevent destructive processes gaining a foothold in areas of contiguous intact habitat. Here, we test the strength of spatial contagion in the pattern of habitat clearance. Using a global dataset of land-cover change at 50 × 50 km resolution, we discover that intact habitat areas in grid cells are refractory to clearance only when all neighbouring cells are also intact. The likelihood of loss increases dramatically as soon as habitat is cleared in just one neighbouring cell, and remains high thereafter. This effect is consistent for forests and grassland, across biogeographic realms and over centuries, constituting a coherent global pattern. Our results show that landscapes become vulnerable to wholesale clearance as soon as threatening processes begin to penetrate, so actions to prevent any incursions into large, intact blocks of natural habitat are key to their long-term persistence.
Investigating Pragmatics in Foreign Language Learning, Teaching and Testing

The book focuses on investigating pragmatic learning, teaching and testing in foreign language contexts. The volume brings together research that investigates these three areas in different formal language learning settings. The number and variety of languages involved both as the first language (e.g. English, Finnish, Iranian, Spanish, Japanese) as well as the target foreign language (e.g. English, French, German, Indonesian, Korean, Spanish) makes the volume specially attractive for language educators in different sociocultural foreign language contexts. Additionally, the different approaches adopted by the researchers participating in this volume, such as information processing, sociocultural, language socialization, computer-mediated or conversation analysis should be of interest to graduate students and researchers working in the area of second language acquisition.
Partial Cholecystectomy as a Safe and Viable Option in the Emergency Treatment of Complex Acute Cholecystitis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Partial cholecystectomy (PC) is an alternative choice to standard cholecystectomy in situations with increased risk of Calot's components injury. We reported our experience with the patients treated with PC and reviewed the literature. Fifty-four patients with complex acute cholecystitis underwent PC, including conventional partial cholecystectomy (CPC; n = 48) and laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy (LPC; n = 6). The clinical diagnosis was verified by ultrasonography. In addition, we reviewed 1190 published cases (1972–2005) who underwent a “nonconventional” surgery for severe cholecystitis, including cholecystostomy, CPC, or LPC. Review of the literature, including our cases, showed a male:female ratio of 1.3:1. The major operative indication was severe acute cholecystitis. Procedures included cholecystostomy (65.8%) and PC (34.2%). In the follow-up (n = 1190), biliary leak (4.8%), retained stones (4.6%), recurrent symptoms (2.3%), wound infections (1.9%), persistent biliary fistula (0.9%), and prolonged biliary drainage (0.2%) were found, with an overall mortality rate of 9.4 per cent. In 133 patients, because of postoperative complications (e.g., recurrent symptoms, remaining common bile duct stones, or persistence of bile fistula), reoperation was necessary, including 121 cases (90.1%) of cholecystectomy, whereas the other 11 patients underwent other procedures such as common bile duct exploration or closure of the fistula. The surgical trend for complex acute cholecystitis treatment has been changed from only cholecystostomy to a spectrum of cholecystostomy, CPC, and LPC with the progressive increase of PC. The proportion of the LPC compared with CPC has also increased during recent years. It seems that PC is a safe procedure for treating complicated acute cholecystitis. Whether the indication and need for alternative techniques to standard cholecystectomy is changing should be evaluated in future studies.
Lessons Learned from a Case with Valgus Deformity of the Knee Following Partial Removal of Lateral Discoid Meniscus

Few studies have focused on the possible change in the axial alignment of the lower limb after lateral meniscectomy. Here, we present a patient with valgus deformity of the knee following the partial removal of lateral discoid meniscus. With the distal femur osteotomy and fixation, this complication was treated successfully. This case suggested that we should pay more attention to the axial alignment of the lower limb in patients with torn discoid lateral meniscus before meniscectomy, as a severe valgus inclination may develop in some of these patients.
Learning Embeddings for Transitive Verb Disambiguation by Implicit Tensor Factorization

We present an implicit tensor factorization method for learning the embeddings of transitive verb phrases. Unlike the implicit matrix factorization methods recently proposed for learning word embeddings, our method directly models the interaction between predicates and their two arguments, and learns verb phrase embeddings. By representing transitive verbs as matrices, our method captures multiple meanings of transitive verbs and disambiguates them taking their arguments into account. We evaluate our method on a widely-used verb disambiguation task and three phrase similarity tasks. On the disambiguation task, our method outperforms previous state-ofthe-art methods. Our experimental results also show that adjuncts provide useful information in learning the meanings of verb phrases.
Medical findings and predictors of long-term physical outcome in anorexia nervosa: a prospective, 12-year follow-up study

Background. Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) run a high risk of becoming chronically ill and of dying. In the acute phase of their illness they present with numerous physical and laboratory abnormalities. However, little is known about the long-term prognostic value of these findings or about the medical morbidity in large samples of consecutively treated patients in the long-term. Methods. We evaluated 84 consecutive female patients with AN who were studied again an average of 11·9 years later. The ability of some of the laboratory data obtained at the initial examination to predict a fatal or chronic course was analysed by discriminant and multiple regression analyses. Results. Abnormally low serum albumin levels ([les ] 36 g/l) and a low weight ([les ] 60% of average body weight) at the initial examination were variables best able to predict a lethal course. In addition, high serum creatinine and uric acid levels predicted a chronic course. Most of the initial abnormal laboratory findings were reversible with a normal food intake. At a 12-year follow-up 67% of the chronic anorexic patients and 27% of those in the good/intermediate outcome group (compared to 8% morbidity in normal controls) presented with medical co-morbidity, in particular osteoporosis and renal disease. The standardized mortality ratio was 9·6. Conclusions. Laboratory findings obtained at the initial examination may be helpful in predicting a fatal or chronic course of AN. An evaluation of the long-term outcome of eating disorders should include an assessment of the medical co-morbidity.
Maxon is an Optimal Suture for Bile Duct Anastomoses in Pigs

Background. Three commonly used sutures were tested in a pig model of bile duct anastomosis to assess their relative contributions to inflammation and scarring. Methods. Thirty pigs were randomised to bile duct division and anastomosis with either polyglyconate (Maxon), polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) or polypropylene (Prolene). Half the animals were sacrificed at two weeks and the remainder at 23 weeks. Anastomoses were assessed by cholangiography, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Results. There was less short term histological reaction with the two monofilament materials, Prolene and Maxon, compared to the braided suture Vicryl. Maxon was associated with less long term inflammation than Prolene, was found to handle better, and has an advantage over Prolene by being absorbable. Conclusion. Maxon is an optimal suture for bile duct anastomoses. Its long term absorption characteristics make it suitable for situations where bile duct healing may be delayed.
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Leukemia-related mortality in towns lying in the vicinity of metal production and processing installations

Background: Releases to the environment of toxic substances stemming from industrial metal production and processing installations can pose a health problem to populations in their vicinity. Objectives: To investigate whether there might be excess leukemia-related mortality in populations residing in towns in the vicinity of Spanish metal industries included in the European Pollutant Emission Register. Methods: Ecologic study designed to examine mortality due to leukemia at a municipal level, during the period 1994-2003. Population exposure to pollution was estimated on the basis of distance from town of residence to pollution source. Using Poisson regression models, we analyzed: risk of dying from leukemia in a 5-kilometer zone around installations which had become operational prior to 1990; effect of pollution discharge route and type of industrial activity; and risk gradient within a 50-kilometer radius of such installations. Results: Excess mortality (relative risk, 95% confidence interval) was detected in the vicinity of pre1990 installations (1.07, 1.02-1.13 in men; 1.05, 1.00-1.11 in women), with this being more elevated in the case of installations that released pollution to air versus water. On stratifying by type of industrial activity, statistically significant associations were also observed among women residing in the vicinity of galvanizing installations (1.58, 1.09-2.29) and surface treatment installations using an electrolytic or chemical process (1.34, 1.10-1.62), which released pollution to air. There was an effect whereby risk increased with proximity to certain installations. Conclusions: The results suggest an association between risk of dying due to leukemia and proximity to Spanish metal industries.
Anatomic Characteristics and Radiographic References of the Anterolateral and Posteromedial Bundles of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Background: Anatomic graft tunnel placement is reported to be essential in double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. A measurement system that correlates anatomy and radiographs is lacking so far. Purpose: To define the femoral and tibial attachments of the anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM) bundles and to correlate them with digital and radiographic images to establish a radiographic anatomy based on anatomic landmarks and evaluate whether radiographs can serve as an accurate method for intraoperative and postoperative assessments of tunnel placement. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen human cadaveric knee specimens were used. After preparation, the insertion areas of the 2 fiber bundles were marked with colorants, and high-definition digital images were obtained. With radiopaque tubes placed in the center of each bundle’s footprint, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were created. A measurement grid system was superimposed to determine the position of the AL and PM bundles’ femoral and tibial insertion areas on both digital images and radiographs. The measurement zones were numbered 1 to 16, starting in the anterosuperior corner and ending in the posteroinferior corner. Results: On radiographs and digital images, the femoral centers of the AL and PM bundles were found in zones 2 and 7, respectively. The tibial centers of the AL and PM bundles were found at 47.88% and 50.93%, respectively, of the total mediolateral diameter, 83.09% and 92.29%, respectively, of the total anteroposterior diameter, and 3.53 mm and 8.57 mm, respectively, inferior from the tibial plateau on radiographs. Conclusion: This study provides a geometric characterization of the AL and PM bundles of the PCL and establishes a reliable and feasible correlation system between anatomy and radiography based on anatomic landmarks. Clinical Relevance: Accurate definition of the insertion sites of the PCL is essential for anatomic double-bundle reconstruction. The results of our study may be used as a reference for intraoperative and postoperative assessments of correct femoral and tibial tunnel placements.
Sequence Variation in the porB Gene from B:P1.4 Meningococci Causing New Zealand's Epidemic

ABSTRACT Since mid-1991, New Zealand has experienced an epidemic of meningococcal disease. The epidemic has been caused by serogroup B meningococci expressing PorA type P1.7-2,4, belonging to the ST-41/ST-44 complex, lineage III. Most B:P1.7-2,4 meningococci express type 4 PorB (87.0%), although case isolates with porB other than type 4 have been identified throughout the duration of the epidemic. To assess the genetic relatedness of case isolates with an alternative porB gene, multilocus restriction typing validated against multilocus sequence typing was used. This determined that B:P1.7-2,4 meningococci with a porB gene that was other than type 4 had the same clonal origin. It was concluded that strains with alternative porB genes had diverged from the original type 4 porB. Variation in porB was also shown to be associated with the uptake of DNA encoding one or two of the PorB variable regions leading to mosaic porB. Point mutation rather than horizontal transfer and recombination was implicated as the mechanism of sequence variation in some strains. This work will serve as a reference point to determine if the administration of a strain-specific vaccine increases the level of porB divergence and variation already observed in New Zealand case isolates. It also complements the study undertaken of PorA stability which showed that variation in P1.7-2,4 PorA was almost exclusively due to deletions in the P1.4 epitope of the epidemic strain.
Extraction of Antioxidant Components from Bidens pilosa Flowers and Their Uptake by Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata (BPR, Asteraceae) is a commonly used folk medicine for treating various disorders such as diabetes, inflammation and hypertension. Recent studies to determine its chemical composition have revealed three di-O-caffeoylquinic acids (DiCQAs) and three polyacetylene glucosides (PGAs) to be among the major bioactive markers. To obtain the major compounds of these two chemical classes, the ethyl acetate fraction (EM) obtained using liquid-liquid partition from the methanol extract resulted in a fraction with the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities in radical scavenging and ferric reducing power assays. To assess the bioavailability of EM, we examined the in vitro uptake using the Caco-2 human colonic cell line. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) for each of the compounds within PGAs measured in both apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) and BL to AP was found to preferentially appear BL to AP direction, indicated that a basolateral to apical efflux system was detected in the study. DiCQAs had a lower efflux ratio than those from PGAs (2.32–3.67 vs. 6.03–78.36). Thus, it strongly implies that most of the DiCQAs are better absorbed than the PGAs.