Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLASS NUMBERS OF CYCLOTOMIC FUNCTION FIELDS

Let q be a prime power and let Fq be the nite eld with q elements. For each polynomial Q(T) in FqT ], one could use the Carlitz module to construct an abelian extension of Fq(T), called a Carlitz cyclotomic extension. Carlitz cyclotomic extensions play a fundamental role in the study of abelian extensions of Fq(T), similar to the role played by cyclotomic number elds for abelian extensions of Q. We are interested in the tower of Carlitz cyclotomic extensions corresponding to the powers of a xed irreducible polynomial in FqT ]. Two types of properties are obtained for the l-parts of the class numbers of the elds in this tower, for a xed prime number l. One gives congruence relations between the l-parts of these class numbers. The other gives lower bound for the l-parts of these class numbers. Systematic study of cyclotomic eld extensions of rational numbers started in the nineteenth century with Kummer and was essential in his work on Fermat's Last Theorem. Towers of cyclotomic number elds were rst investigated by Iwasawa in the mid 1950's. One major applications of his theory is to determine the growth of the p-divisibility of the class numbers for the elds in the towerrIw]. The study of the cyclotomic theory of function elds started with Carlitz Ca] in 1930. Let p be a prime and let q be a power of p. Carlitz regarded the rational function eld k = F q (T) and the associated polynomial ring A = F q T] as analogs of the rational number eld Q and its ring of integers Z. He constructed a A-module, later called the "Carlitz module" , out of the completion of the algebraic closure of F q ((T)), an analog of the eld of complex numbers. For each polynomial P in A, one could use the Carlitz module to construct a eld extension k(P) of k. The extensions obtained this way are called cyclotomic extensions and are essential in the study of all abelian extensions of k. Fix an irreducible polynomial P in A, and let n run through the set of positive integers. The cyclotomic extensions of k associated to P n via the Carlitz module form a tower of extensions: k k(P) k(P 2) k(P n) (0.1) It would be interesting to study the growth of the p-divisibility of the the class numbers for these elds along …
Experiments and simulations on the nonlinear control of a hydraulic servosystem

Presents the derivation, simulation and implementation of a nonlinear tracking control law for a hydraulic servosystem. An analysis of the nonlinear system equations is used in the derivation of a Lyapunov function that provides for exponentially stable force trajectory tracking. This control law is then extended to provide position tracking. The proposed controller is simulated and then implemented on an experimental hydraulic system to test the limits of its performance and the realistic effects of friction.
Combining pattern-based and machine learning methods to detect definitions for eLearning purposes

One of the aims of the Language Technology for eLearning project is to show that Natural Language Processing techniques can be employed to enhance the learning process. To this end, one of the functionalities that has been developed is a pattern-based glossary candidate detector which is capable of extracting definitions in eight languages. In order to improve the results obtained with the patternbased approach, machine learning techniques are applied on the Dutch results to filter out incorrectly extracted definitions. In this paper, we discuss the machine learning techniques used and we present the results of the quantitative evaluation. We also discuss the integration of the tool into the Learning Management System ILIAS.
Intelligent scheduling and motion control for household vacuum cleaning robot system using simulation based optimization

This research considers overall scheduling of a vacuum cleaning robot that includes multi cleaning cycles. Even though there are research studies for generating paths for a device, the paths in each cycle tend to be similar from the fact that the motion planning is based on one tour of a target space. This paper suggests a new and effective simulation based optimization (SO) framework for generating an overall schedule and an effective path for each cycle. In the simulation stage, a dust prediction model is generated using absorbed dust data and floor information. This process uses a multi-modal Gaussian mixture model as a basic model. The generated prediction model provides the needed constraints for different mathematical programming models in the optimization stage. The proposed framework is considered as an efficient scheduling method in terms of minimizing redundant paths while maintaining tolerable dust levels during multi cleaning cycles.
Parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of dimethylsulfide oxidation in the remote marine boundary layer

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of dimethylsulfide oxidation in the remote marine boundary layer D. D. Lucas, R. G. Prinn
The question of ordering : creativity and limitation in political communities

This thesis is an enquiry into political ordering under its four core attributes: the state, sovereignty, law, and politics. It advocates analysing ordering as a process, rather than ‘order’ as a static given, and introduces an interactive model of ordering, which takes into account both the creative and the limiting thrusts in political communities. This thesis is informed by the theories of Benedict Spinoza and Carl Schmitt. The first chapter is dedicated to assessing the current debate around the four core concepts: the state, sovereignty, law, and politics. Although it is not aimed at providing a full and definitive account of the scholarly debate, some major trends in current political and legal thinking are overviewed. This exposition subsequently serves as both the context and the impetus for the dynamic model of ordering, constructed in the final chapter. The following two chapters are dedicated to the theories of Spinoza and Schmitt. In Spinoza’s case, some metaphysical preconditions have to be explored beforehand: immanent causality, striving to persevere in existence, and the right as power doctrine. The thesis then moves to the role of the state, sovereignty, law, and politics as tools for ensuring communal cohesion despite a general lack of reason and for joint progression towards reason. As for Schmitt, the thesis first delves into his emphasis on the fallen nature of humans, based on his religious convictions. The state, sovereignty, law, and politics are then analysed as parts of an effort to establish order where actually there can be none (since human existence is groundless), necessitating order-qua-theology. Thus, Spinoza and Schmitt both oppose and complement each other. Lastly, the final chapter proposes an interactive model of ordering as perpetual process by revisiting the four core elements from a Spinozist-Schmittian perspective. This model postulates ordering as animated by constant tension between and reciprocal reproduction of the constitutive and the constituted thrusts, both of them being creative and limiting in different respects. In this model, groundlessness is seen as the basic condition which is, nevertheless, constantly counterbalanced by a need for quasi-religious belief in a quasi-objective given, e.g. Spinoza’s reason. Communal life is, therefore, constantly caught in-between these two poles. Consequently, ordering-as-process is claimed to be the only way in which anything common can be posited.
Gender stereotype endorsement differentially predicts girls' and boys' trait-state discrepancy in math anxiety

Mathematics is associated with anxiety for many students; an emotion linked to lower well-being and poorer learning outcomes. While findings typically show females to report higher trait math anxiety than males, no gender differences have to date been found in state (i.e., momentary) math anxiety. The present diary study aimed to replicate previous findings in investigating whether levels of academic self-concept was related to this discrepancy in trait vs. state anxiety measures. Additionally, mathematics-related gender stereotype endorsement (mathematics is a male domain) was investigated as an additional predictor of the trait-state discrepancy. The sample included 755 German 9th and 10th graders who completed self-report measures of trait math anxiety, math self-concept, and gender stereotype endorsement, in addition to state measures of anxiety after math classes by use of a standardized diary for 2–3 weeks (Nwithin = 6207). As expected, females reported higher trait math anxiety but no gender differences were found for state math anxiety. Also in line with our assumptions, multilevel analyses showed the discrepancy between trait and state anxiety to be negatively related to students' self-concept (i.e., a lower discrepancy for students with higher self-concepts). Furthermore, gender stereotype endorsement differentially predicted the trait-state discrepancy: When controlling for self-concept in mathematics, females who endorsed the gender stereotype of math being a male domain more strongly overestimated their trait math anxiety as compared to their state anxiety whereas this effect was not significant for males. The present findings suggest that gender stereotype endorsement plays an important role in explaining gender differences in math anxiety above and beyond academic self-concept. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed.
Lower-order perturbations of critical growth nonlinearities in semilinear elliptic equations

The solvability of semilinear elliptic equations with nonlinearities in the critical growth range depends on the terms with lower order growth. We generalize some known results to a wide class of lower order terms and prove a multiplicity result in the left neighborhood of every eigenvalue of ? when the subcritical term is linear. The proofs are based on variational methods; to assure that the considered minimax levels lie in a suitable range, special classes of approximating functions having disjoint support with the Sobolev \concentrating" functions are constructed.
The effect of selenium on thyroid status in a population with marginal selenium and iodine status

The effects of Se on thyroid metabolism in a New Zealand population are investigated, including (a) the relationship between Se and thyroid status, and (b) the effect of Se supplementation on thyroid status. The data used come from two cross-sectional studies of Se, I, thyroid hormones and thyroid volume (studies 1 and 4), and three Se intervention studies in which thyroid hormones, Se and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured (studies 2, 3 and 5). There were no significant correlations between Se status and measures of thyroid status after controlling for sex at baseline or after supplementation in any of the studies. When data from study 4 were divided into two groups according to plasma Se, plasma thyroxine (T4) was lower in males with higher plasma Se levels (P=0·009). Se supplementation increased plasma Se and GPx activity, but produced only small changes in plasma T4 and triiodothyronine (T3):T4 ratio. In study 2, there was a significant reduction in plasma T4 (P=0·0045). In studies 3 and 5 there were small decreases in plasma T4 and a small increase in the T3:T4 ratio, which were not significantly different from placebo groups. Lack of significant associations between plasma Se and thyroid status, and only small changes in T4 suggest that Se status in New Zealand is close to adequate for the optimal function of deiodinases. Adequate plasma Se may be approximately 0·82–0·90 μmol/l, compared with 1·00–1·14 μmol/l for maximal GPx activities.
Addressing gender equality: enactments of gender and hegemony in the educational textbooks used in Swedish sports coaching and educational programmes

ABSTRACT Sport is often described as a field containing competitive and hierarchy shaping activities. However, in Sweden and elsewhere, this field is also permeated by democratic principles where, for example, everybody has the right to participate in children’s and youth sports regardless of gender, ethnicity or physical ability. In Sweden, there are distinct objectives for gender equality, where women/girls and men/boys should ideally be treated and recognised equally. The aim of this paper is twofold: to examine how gender is enacted in the textbooks used in Swedish sports coaching and educational programmes and to identify whether any of the enactments reflect a hegemonic masculinity. The textbooks used in two of the most extensive courses arranged by the Swedish Sports Confederation, ‘The Platform’ [Plattformen] and ‘Basic Coach Education’ [Grundtränarutbildning] are in focus. The theoretical framework and methodological approach are inspired by research on sport, gender and the hegemonic masculinity thesis. In the process of analysis, the hegemonic perspective is central. During the analysis, four themes are identified as expressions of a hegemonic masculinity and, thus, as obstacles to gender equality. Firstly, the binary sex norm poses a real challenge for the implementation of gender equality because it helps to shape a hierarchy that privileges men and masculinities. Secondly and thirdly, the themes ‘puberty’ and ‘the coach’ appear to be important, in that they support and contest a gendered hierarchy. Finally, there are examples of men, like sport coaches, appearing as genderless, which is interpreted as a hegemonic acceptance of the category of men (as universal and genderless subjects). By critically illuminating these themes, the paper adds to the wider research field of sport, coaching and education programmes and the complexity of gender mainstreaming in sport.
Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Monensin A and Its Derivatives: Summary of the Achievements

In this paper structural and microbiological studies on the ionophorous antibiotic monensin A and its derivatives have been collected. Monensin A is an ionophore which selectively complexes and transports sodium cation across lipid membranes, and therefore it shows a variety of biological properties. This antibiotic is commonly used as coccidiostat and nonhormonal growth promoter. The paper focuses on both the latest and earlier achievements concerning monensin A antimicrobial activity. The activities of monensin derivatives, including modifications of hydroxyl groups and carboxyl group, are also presented.
On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration

Abstract Hydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement (“downscaling”), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median −11%) caused by the hydrologic model’s apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in pote.
A multi-level approach to link state: ML-OLSR

In this article, we propose a novel extension for the OLSR routing protocol, "Multi-Level OLSR" (ML-OLSR): it introduces a hierarchy between links, where some links are preferred to others. The objective is that the network consisting of links of most preferred levels (higher levels) operates as if the links of the lower levels did not exist, and when this is not possible, the use of lower level links is minimized. The main challenge is that OLSR not only uses shortest path for route calculation by default (which conflicts with avoidance of some specific links), but more importantly, also uses it implicitly, in the multi point relays (MPR). The major contribution of ML-OLSR is to consistently and concisely modify OLSR protocol specification, while strictly enforcing the link hierarchy. Our motivation and one of the applications are military tactical networks: this feature has numerous use cases for organizing future tactical MANETs, and is more general and applicable than the classical notion of hierarchy within nodes.
Scleroderma patients nailfold videocapillaroscopic patterns are associated with disease subset and disease severity.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in a large group of scleroderma patients, the association of nailfold videocapillaroscopic patterns with both demographic and clinical features. METHODS One hundred and three Italian patients (91 women and 12 men, mean age 54.3 years, median disease duration 7 yrs, 68 with limited and 35 with diffuse subset of disease), consecutively enrolled for the study, underwent nailfold videocapillaroscopy; the microvascular alterations were classified into three different patterns, early, active and late. The nailfold videocapillaroscopic patterns were correlated with such numerous clinical features as sex, age, disease duration, disease subset, disease activity, haematochemical data, involvement of skin, heart, lung and peripheral vessels. RESULTS Nailfold videocapillaroscopic patterns were significantly associated with disease subsets (P = 0.018). Severity of skin, lung, heart and peripheral vascular involvement progressively increased across nailfold videocapillaroscopic patterns, from early to late pattern (P < 0.001 for cutaneous and peripheral vascular involvement; P = 0.003 and 0.002 for lung and heart involvement, respectively) as well as homocysteine plasma levels (P = 0.02). Patients with late pattern showed an increased risk to have an active disease [OR (odds ratio) 3.50; 95% CI (confidence interval) 1.31-9.39], to present digital ulcers (OR 5.74; 95% CI 2.08-15.89) and moderate to severe skin (OR 5.28; 95% CI 1.93-14.19), heart (OR 5.75; 95% CI 2.04-16.21) and lung involvement (OR 4.41; 95% CI 1.63-11.92). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that scleroderma microangiopathy correlates with disease subset and severity of peripheral vascular, skin, heart and lung involvement; patients with late pattern showed an increased risk to have an active disease and to show a moderate/severe skin or visceral involvement compared to patients with early and active patterns. Therefore nailfold videocapillaroscopy, a simple, non-invasive and non-expensive investigation, is useful in staging scleroderma patients and also provides prognostic information.
Landscape heterogeneity drives contrasting concentration–discharge relationships in shale headwater catchments

Solute concentrations in stream water vary with discharge in patterns that record complex feedbacks between hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. In a comparison of three shale-underlain headwater catchments located in Pennsylvania, USA (the forested Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory), and Wales, UK (the peatland-dominated Up- per Hafren and forest-dominated Upper Hore catchments in the Plynlimon forest), dissimilar concentration-discharge (C-Q) behaviors are best explained by contrasting landscape distributions of soil solution chemistry - especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC) - that have been established by pat- terns of vegetation and soil organic matter (SOM). Specif- ically, elements that are concentrated in organic-rich soils due to biotic cycling (Mn, Ca, K) or that form strong com- plexes with DOC (Fe, Al) are spatially heterogeneous in pore waters because organic matter is heterogeneously dis- tributed across the catchments. These solutes exhibit non- chemostatic behavior in the streams, and solute concentra- tions either decrease (Shale Hills) or increase (Plynlimon) with increasing discharge. In contrast, solutes that are con- centrated in soil minerals and form only weak complexes with DOC (Na, Mg, Si) are spatially homogeneous in pore waters across each catchment. These solutes are chemo- static in that their stream concentrations vary little with stream discharge, likely because these solutes are released quickly from exchange sites in the soils during rainfall events. Furthermore, concentration-discharge relationships of non-chemostatic solutes changed following tree harvest in the Upper Hore catchment in Plynlimon, while no changes were observed for chemostatic solutes, underscoring the role of vegetation in regulating the concentrations of certain ele- ments in the stream. These results indicate that differences in the hydrologic connectivity of organic-rich soils to the stream drive differences in concentration behavior between catchments. As such, in catchments where SOM is dom- inantly in lowlands (e.g., Shale Hills), we infer that non- chemostatic elements associated with organic matter are re- leased to the stream early during rainfall events, whereas in catchments where SOM is dominantly in uplands (e.g., Plyn- limon), these non-chemostatic elements are released later during rainfall events. The distribution of SOM across the landscape is thus a key component for predictive models of solute transport in headwater catchments.
The mass-metallicity relation at z ∼ 1.4 revealed with Subaru/FMOS ⋆

We present a stellar mass-metallicity relation at z ~ 1.4 with an unprecedentedly large sample of ~340 star-forming galaxies obtained with FibreMulti-Object Spectrograph (FMOS) on the Subaru Telescope. We observed K-band selected galaxies at 1.2 ≤ zph ≤ 1.6 in the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Survey/Ultra Deep Survey fields with M*> 109.5M⊙, and expected F(Hα) > 5 × 10-17 erg s-1 cm-2. Among the observed ~1200 targets, 343 objects show significant Ha emission lines. The gas-phase metallicity is obtained from [N II] λ6584/Hα line ratio, after excluding possible active galactic nuclei. Due to the faintness of the [N II] λ6584 lines, we apply the stacking analysis and derive the mass-metallicity relation at z ~ 1.4. Our results are compared to past results at different redshifts in the literature. The mass-metallicity relation at z ~ 1.4 is located between those at z ~ 0.8 and z ~ 2.2; it is found that the metallicity increases with decreasing redshift from z ~ 3 to z ~ 0 at fixed stellar mass. Thanks to the large size of the sample, we can study the dependence of the mass-metallicity relation on various galaxy physical properties. The average metallicity from the stacked spectra is close to the local Fundamental Metallicity Relation (FMR) in the higher metallicity part but >0.1 dex higher in metallicity than the FMR in the lower metallicity part.We find that galaxies with larger E(B -V), B -R and R -H colours tend to show higher metallicity by ~0.05 dex at fixed stellar mass. We also find relatively clearer size dependence that objects with smaller half-light radius tend to show higher metallicity by ~0.1 dex at fixed stellar mass, especially in the low-mass part. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.