Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE BLACK HOLE MASS, STELLAR MASS-TO-LIGHT RATIO, AND DARK HALO IN M87

We model the dynamical structure of M87 (NGC4486) using high spatial resolution long-slit observations of stellar light in the central regions, two-dimensional stellar light kinematics out to half of the effective radius, and globular cluster velocities out to eight effective radii. We simultaneously fit for four parameters: black hole mass, dark halo core radius, dark halo circular velocity, and stellar mass-to-light (M/L) ratio. We find a black hole mass of 6.4(±0.5) × 109 M☉ (the uncertainty is 68% confidence marginalized over the other parameters). The stellar M/LV = 6.3 ± 0.8. The best-fit dark halo core radius is 14 ± 2 kpc, assuming a cored logarithmic potential. The best-fit dark halo circular velocity is 715 ± 15 km s−1. Our black hole mass is over a factor of 2 larger than previous stellar dynamical measures, and our derived stellar M/L ratio is two times lower than previous dynamical measures. When we do not include a dark halo, we measure a black hole mass and stellar M/L ratio that is consistent with previous measures, implying that the major difference is in the model assumptions. The stellar M/L ratio from our models is very similar to that derived from stellar population models of M87. The reason for the difference in the black hole mass is because we allow the M/L ratio to change with radius. The dark halo is degenerate with the stellar M/L ratio, which is subsequently degenerate with the black hole mass. We argue that dynamical models of galaxies that do not include the contribution from a dark halo may produce a biased result for the black hole mass. This bias is especially large for a galaxy with a shallow light profile such as M87, and may not be as severe in galaxies with steeper light profiles unless they have a large stellar population change with radius.
FOREST OPERATIONS AND WATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTH

Southern forests, which rely on intensive management practices, are some of the most productive forests in the U.S. Intensive forest management utilizes forest operations, such as site preparation, fertilization, thinning, and harvesting, to increase site productivity and reduce rotation time. These operations are essential to meet the ever-increasing demands for timber products. Forest managers utilize forest operations as tools in an attempt to manage the nation’s forestlands for multiple uses while maintaining or improving resource quality. Forest operations can influence nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution by disturbing natural processes that maintain water quality. In recent years, NPS pollution has been identified as the nation’s largest source of water quality problems. Forest management activities have been identified as activities that influence NPS pollution in the South. Results of watershed-scale studies that investigated the effect of forest operations on water quality in the 13 southern states are highly variable. However, taken collectively, the results indicate that forest operations have little impact on the quality of water draining from forests in the South. Based on this review, best management practices (BMPs) show the potential to protect water quality following forest operations; however, accurate assessments of the overall effectiveness of BMPs are not possible because the benefits of BMPs on different scales are relatively unknown.
Delay Discounting in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Potential Avenue for Growth in Experimental Analysis

Delay discounting has emerged in the scientific literature as a frequent measure of impulsivity across a large number of populations. Because of the high rates of impulsivity in individuals who have sustained a brain injury, measures of discounting that put choices into a temporal context may be particularly valuable in behavioral analyses for this population. However, experimental research with this population is limited. Advantages and challenges for further study in delay discounting with brain injury populations and future directions are discussed.
The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders

Mindfulness involves nonjudgmental attention to present-moment experience. In its therapeutic forms, mindfulness interventions promote increased tolerance of negative affect and improved well-being. However, the neural mechanisms underlying mindful mood regulation are poorly understood. Mindfulness training appears to enhance focused attention, supported by the anterior cingulate cortex and the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In emotion regulation, these PFC changes promote the stable recruitment of a nonconceptual sensory pathway, an alternative to conventional attempts to cognitively reappraise negative emotion. In neural terms, the transition to nonconceptual awareness involves reducing evaluative processing, supported by midline structures of the PFC. Instead, attentional resources are directed toward a limbic pathway for present-moment sensory awareness, involving the thalamus, insula, and primary sensory regions. In patients with affective disorders, mindfulness training provides an alternative to cognitive efforts to control negative emotion, instead directing attention toward the transitory nature of momentary experience. Limiting cognitive elaboration in favour of momentary awareness appears to reduce automatic negative self-evaluation, increase tolerance for negative affect and pain, and help to engender self-compassion and empathy in people with chronic dysphoria.
New Measurement of Metal Abundance in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4636 with ASCA

High-quality X-ray spectra of NGC 4636 are obtained with ASCA. Theoretical models are found unable to reproduce the data in the Fe-L line region. Spectral data above 1.4 keV indicate that the Mg to Si abundance ratio is ~1 solar. Assuming that the abundance ratios among α elements are the same as the solar ratios, a spectral fit with increased systematic error in the 0.4-1.6 keV range gives abundances of α elements and Fe to be both ~1 solar by taking 1 solar of Fe to be 3.24×10−5 by number. These new abundance results solve the discrepancy between stellar and hot-gas metallicity, but still a low supernova rate is implied. We also detect strong abundance gradients for both α elements and iron in a similar fashion. The abundance is ~1 solar within 4' and decreases outward down to 0.2-0.3 solar at 10' from the galaxy center. Dilution due to an extended hot gas is suggested.
AMPK-Regulated and Akt-Dependent Enhancement of Glucose Uptake Is Essential in Ischemic Preconditioning-Alleviated Reperfusion Injury

Aims Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potent form of endogenous protection. However, IPC-induced cardioprotective effect is significantly blunted in insulin resistance-related diseases and the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of glucose metabolism in IPC-reduced reperfusion injury. Methods Normal or streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats subjected to 2 cycles of 5 min ischemia/5 min reperfusion prior to myocardial ischemia (30 min)/reperfusion (3 h). Myocardial glucose uptake was determined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) scan and gamma-counter biodistribution assay. Results IPC exerted significant cardioprotection and markedly improved myocardial glucose uptake 1 h after reperfusion (P<0.01) as evidenced by PET images and gamma-counter biodistribution assay in ischemia/reperfused rats. Meanwhile, myocardial translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to plasma membrane together with myocardial Akt and AMPK phosphorylation were significantly enhanced in preconditioned hearts. Intramyocardial injection of GLUT4 siRNA markedly decreased GLUT4 expression and blocked the cardioprotection of IPC as evidence by increased myocardial infarct size. Moreover, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin significantly inhibited activation of Akt and AMPK, reduced GLUT4 translocation, glucose uptake and ultimately, depressed IPC-induced cardioprotection. Furthermore, IPC-afforded antiapoptotic effect was markedly blunted in STZ-treated diabetic rats. Exogenous insulin supplementation significantly improved glucose uptake via co-activation of myocardial AMPK and Akt and alleviated ischemia/reperfusion injury as evidenced by reduced myocardial apoptosis and infarction size in STZ-treated rats (P<0.05). Conclusions The present study firstly examined the role of myocardial glucose metabolism during reperfusion in IPC using direct genetic modulation in vivo. Augmented glucose uptake via co-activation of myocardial AMPK and Akt in reperfused myocardium is essential to IPC-alleviated reperfusion injury. This intrinsic metabolic modulation and cardioprotective capacity are present in STZ-treated hearts and can be triggered by insulin.
Release of the mucosal mast cell granule chymase, rat mast cell protease-II, during anaphylaxis is associated with the rapid development of paracellular permeability to macromolecules in rat jejunum

The soluble granule chymase, rat mast cell protease-II (RMCP-II), is abundantly expressed in intestinal mucosal mast cells (MMC) but its function is not known. One hypothesis is that RMCP-II degrades the epithelial basement membrane and promotes the loss of enterocytes typically associated with type I hypersensitivity reactions in the rat. To test this hypothesis more directly, ex vivo perfusion of the cranial mesenteric artery and jejunal lumen was used to monitor the anaphylactic release of RMCP-II and its effects on mucosal permeability and epithelial integrity. Within 2 min of intravascular challenge with soluble adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis worm antigen there was a 1,000-fold (P < 0.02) increase in the concentration of RMCP-II in the vascular perfusate from the jejunum of Nippostrongylus-sensitized rats but not the controls. Similarly, translocation of RMCP-II into the gut lumen increased 10-fold (P < 0.02) after 2 min only in worm antigen- challenged immune rats. Using an identical protocol, but incorporating Evans blue-labeled human serum albumin (EB-HSA) in the vascular perfusate, the timing of the release of RMCP-II into the two compartments was very similar to the first experiment and furthermore the translocation of EB-HSA increased 18-fold (P < 0.05) after 4 min in sensitized rats challenged with worm antigen. To examine the effects of RMCP-II more directly 1 mg of the highly purified chymase was introduced into the cranial mesenteric artery in ex vivo perfused normal rats. A significant (P < 0.05) 70-fold increase in concentration of RMCP-II in jejunal perfusate occurred after 6 min. In a repeat dose- response experiment, infusion of 0.375, 0.75, or 1.5 mg of RMCP-II, together with EB-HSA, established that the cumulative amounts of RMCP- II and EB-HSA translocated from the vasculature to the gut lumen in each perfusion (during the 10-min period of RMCP-II infusion) were significantly correlated. Analysis of intestinal perfusates by SDS-PAGE and by Western blotting using monoclonal anti-RMCP-II antibody confirmed that there was a concomitant translocation of both the protease and EB-HSA into the gut lumen. Histological evaluation of the mucosa failed to reveal any significant morphological change in any of the experiments. The rapid development of macromolecular leak, its association with the translocation of RMCP-II, and the absence of gross epithelial lesions, suggest for the first time that a mast cell granule chymase increases epithelial permeability via a paracellular route and implies that the substrate may be a protein, or proteins, in the epithelial junctional complex.
Formal verification of a new optimistic concurrency control algorithm for temporal databases

A light reflector, preferably for at least three different color light sources, used in a cluster arrangement, which beams the rays of the input light sources to the target or area destined for illumination in closely adjacent and parallel relation, so that the visually perceived color of the light beam is a function of the mixture of the input light source, and can be readily varied over a wide range by varying the intensity and amounts of the individual light inputs.
Redefining Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory using LIS SERVQUAL+: An Integrated Framework for evaluating Library Service Quality and User Satisfaction

Abstract The study aims to develop an integrated framework for evaluating library service quality and satisfaction in a simultaneous process. Multidimensional item-scale LIS SERVQUAL + measurement tool was used in this study. The reliability of the questionnaire items was done using Cronbach's alpha. To examine the relationship between service quality and satisfaction Pearson correlation coefficient and Linear regression analysis were used. Finally to establish the 4-level disconfirmation standard users' expected and perceived opinions were compared using Wilcoxon signed ranked test. Result shows that, the 4-dimensional structure of LIS SERVQUAL + has a closer relationship with overall perceived service quality and satisfaction, and service quality and satisfaction are significantly related to each other. The result also shows that, the comparisons between P & DE, P & RE, P & ZoT, and P & ME are significant to fit for 4-level ZOT. The effect of newly adapted ‘Disconfirmation of expectation's theory’ and its integration with LIS SERVQAUL + model may aid the authorities of academic libraries in the synchronized assessment of service quality and satisfaction.
A wearable system for long-term monitoring of knee kinematics

This paper presents a wearable system for long-term monitoring of knee kinematics in the home and community settings. The system consists of a knee sleeve with embedded sensors to track knee flexion/extension movements and to monitor compliance with the use of the knee sleeve. Knee flexion/extension movement data is captured using a potentiometer. Compliance with the use of the knee sleeve is monitored by using an e-textile sensor that measures the knee-sleeve fabric stretch thus allowing one to infer whether the subject wears the knee sleeve. The system is also equipped with a wireless unit that has the capability of relaying data to a smart phone. The smart phone can be used as a gateway to provide remote access to the data. Comparison of measures gathered using the proposed wearable system and a stereo-photogrammetric system for biomechanical data collection demonstrates the reliability of the knee kinematic data collected using the proposed knee sleeve.
Numerical Analysis on Cross-Shaped Array with Dynamic Transmit Focusing for Enhanced Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging

Volumetric ultrasound imaging has been primarily used as a clinical tool to diagnose cardiac dysfunction. However, the modality still suffers from system complexity due to a large number of receive channels for volumetric reconstruction. The aim of the study was to numerically assess a cross-shaped sparse array with a dynamic transmit focusing method to reduce the system complexity and to compensate for the image quality of unfocused volumetric imaging. Analytical simulations with two-way point spread functions demonstrated that the cross-shaped sparse array entailed up to an 84% increase in side-lobes (up to 32 dB), thus leading to significant degradation of the point spread function in the diagonal plane. A dynamic transmit focusing method was able to vividly overcome the image degradation by transmitting more beams with tilting angles. This also yielded a comparable image sensitivity (65 dB) to that of the full array when 31 × 31 tilted waves were used. The proposed cross-shaped sparse array with the dynamic transit focusing method can be used to enhance the frame rate as well as the image quality for unfocused ultrasound imaging.
Getting to 90-90-90 in paediatric HIV: What is needed?

The new “90‐90‐90” UNAIDS agenda proposes that 90% of all people living with HIV will know their HIV status, 90% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection will receive sustained antiretroviral therapy and 90% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy will have viral suppression by 2020. By focusing on children, the global community is in the unique position of realizing an end to the paediatric HIV epidemic.
Predicting accelerometer-based physical activity in physical education and total physical activity: The Self-determination Theory approach

The present study tested the motivational model of physical education (PE) including needs for competence, autonomy, social relatedness, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, in-class moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and total MVPA. Participants were 490 (264 girls, 226 boys) Finnish elementary school students. The data were collected using accelerometers and questionnaires for a seven-day period during the fall semester 2017. The key findings were that 1) social relatedness associated with total MVPA via in-class MVPA in girls, whereas competence was linked to in-class MVPA through extrinsic motivation in boys, 2) competence was positively linked to extrinsic motivation in a similar way in both girls and boys, 3) social relatedness and in-class MVPA were positively associated with total MVPA in both girls and boys, 4) competence, autonomy, and relatedness were positively linked to intrinsic motivation in girls when only competence and autonomy were related to intrinsic motivation in boys, and 5) in-class MVPA contributed 36% of total weekly MVPA minutes in the present sample. Although the indirect relationships between study variables did not fully support the existing PE motivational model, the direct associations showed that needs of competence, autonomy, relatedness could be promoted in PE classes to support intrinsic motivation, and total MVPA.
Determinants of consumption intention of Chinese cuisines for foreigners: the mediating role of variety seeking behavior

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting the consumption intention of Chinese cuisines for the foreigners living in China. The study also explains the role of variety seeking behavior of consumers in the consumption intention of Chinese cuisines. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative data were obtained using a structured questionnaire that is based on Dalian, Liaoning province, of People’s Republic of China. A total of 305 responses were collected, and out of which, 282 were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate that food novelty and utilitarian value are better predictors of consumption intention of Chinese cuisines. The food quality is also found to be significant with consumption of Chinese cuisines. The variety seeking behavior of consumers found to mediate the relationship of food quality, food novelty and utilitarian value with consumption intention toward Chinese cuisines. Originality/value The contribution made by the current study is twofold. First, the value of study lies in identifying the factors that are responsible for food consumption intention of foreigners in China, which is an overlooked area in the previous literature. Second, the study also establishes the role of variety seeking behavior of consumers in consumption intention. The authoritative construct of variety seeking behavior matches well with the context of the current study, as the Chinese cuisine is well renowned in the world for its wide variety. Further, the findings are valuable to the stakeholders of restaurant industry in guiding them on how best they can attract foreign consumers toward local Chinese cuisines.
A systematic review of quality of life and weight gain-related issues in patients treated for severe and persistent mental disorders: focus on aripiprazole

Aripiprazole is a relatively novel second-generation antipsychotic belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives and is characterized by a unique pharmacological profile which suggests that the drug acts as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer. Whereas all previously available antipsychotics are antagonists at D2 receptors, aripiprazole is the only available partial agonist at these receptors. Thus, it has been suggested that aripiprazole could be associated with a relatively neutral impact on bodyweight, possibly reducing risks of a detrimental impact on the quality of life that often complicates management for a large number of patients diagnosed with severe and persistent mental disorders (SPMDs) treated chronically with antipsychotic medications. However, data from short- and long-term reviewed studies indicate that the prevalence rate of clinically relevant weight gain during therapy with this drug is similar to that occurring during treatments with other antipsychotic agents, either typical or atypical. Moreover, information on the impact of aripiprazole therapy on the quality of life of patients diagnosed with SPMDs is scarce and characterized by conflicting results. Given these results, further, large, well-designed studies are needed before confirming potential advantages of aripiprazole over first-generation antipsychotics and other SGAs.
A Theory of Exploitative Child Labor

We develop a model of exploitative child labor with two key features: first, parents have imperfect information about whether employment opportunities available to their children are exploitative or not. Second, firms choose whether or not to exploit their child workers. In our model, a ban on exploitative child labor is desirable, because it resolves the problem of imperfect information faced by parents, and therefore leads to Pareto efficiency. We also find that a ban leads to an increase in the wages of child workers, and that firm profits, even for firms that do not exploit child workers, fall. Finally, a ban has ambiguous effects at the macroeconomic level: aggregate child employment and aggregate output can rise or fall.
The impact of school principals on implementing effective teaching and learning practices

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify limitations in managing the implementation of effective teaching and learning in township ECD centres.Design/methodology/approachThis research was grounded in a community-based participatory research approach. A qualitative research design was utilised because phenomena could be studied in terms of the meanings of people. Elements of grounded theory, situational analysis and community-based participatory research were blended. The qualitative research design involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews with teachers in township ECD centres.FindingsThe findings from this research made it evident that principals of ECD centres were often absent; had not been trained to manage an ECD centre; had limited skills to manage finances; did not communicate with parents or teachers; and did not motivate teachers to achieve goals or to improve their qualifications.Practical implicationsChallenges that could impede the effective implementation of an intervention programme should be identified and addressed. Principals of ECD centres should be empowered to manage their centres effectively. A training programme aimed at empowering principals of ECD centres has been developed and will be implemented after consultation with the gatekeeper and principals of the ECD centres.Originality/valueThe findings of this research could be used by principals and researchers to reflect on management practices in ECD centres. A challenge for principals is to acknowledge the principles of effective management and to close the gap between current practices and effective management practices. Interventions from academics are essential to enhance the quality of teaching and learning in ECD centres.