Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and their motivational orientation during adolescence: a theoretical and empirical integration.

The authors examined a theoretical model linking interpersonal relatedness and self-definition (S.J. Blatt, 1974), autonomous and controlled regulation (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985), and negative and positive life events in adolescence (N = 860). They hypothesized that motivational orientation would mediate the effects of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition on life events. Self-criticism, a maladaptive form of self-definition, predicted less positive events, whereas efficacy, an adaptive form of self-definition, predicted more positive events. These effects were fully mediated by the absence and presence, respectively, of autonomous motivation. Controlled motivation, predicted by self-criticism and maladaptive neediness, did not predict negative events. Results illustrate the centrality of protective, pleasure-related processes in adaptive adolescent development.
Wisdom assessment: Portuguese adaptation of the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale – SAWS – by Jeffrey Webster

Wisdom is conceived as the “existential art”, a way of being that reveals itself not so much in lecturing, but rather in the ability to carry out life in the best possible way. The experimental focus on the study of wisdom has been intensified in recent years, given the acknowledged interest of cognitive and developmental psychologists about positive aspects of human development. A Portuguese version of the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (Webster, 2003), is presented here. A summary of several psychometric features, despite the fact that the results obtained showed some differences when compared with those from the original psychometric study of the scale, points to a consistent dimensional structure. Global results suggest a distinction between skills involved in identifying emotions and the nature of experience, control and expression of those emotions. In this study, the SAWS presented sound psychometric properties which may find it suitable for experimental use with Portuguese population.
Ask, and Shall You Receive? Understanding Desire Fulfillment in Natural Language Text

The ability to comprehend wishes or desires and their fulfillment is important to Natural Language Understanding. This paper introduces the task of identifying if a desire expressed by a subject in a given short piece of text was fulfilled. We propose various unstructured and structured models that capture fulfillment cues such as the subject's emotional state and actions. Our experiments with two different datasets demonstrate the importance of understanding the narrative and discourse structure to address this task.
Customer integration with virtual communities. Case study: the online community of the largest regional newspaper in Austria

Virtual communities were promoted as "the" business model in ebusiness. Nowadays only a few communities are economically successful. Although revenues expected through advertising or subscriptions are low, communities are still a perfect place to "listen to the custumer". By integrating community members into market research and product development activities companies can get efficient support to improve products for more customer satisfaction as well as to identify new sources of revenue. The case study of "Kleine Zeitung Online" provides a good example of how new ideas and streams of revenue can be generated by listening to the community. Findings show that community members and especially the identified lead users are very willing to provide the necessary information to develop new products for their community, which leads also to new revenue possibilities.
Muscle Activation Pattern During Isometric Ab Wheel Rollout Exercise in Different Shoulder Angle-Positions

OBJECTIVE: To investigate muscle activation of the shoulder extensors and trunk stabilizers by surface electromyography (sEMG) activity during the isometric Ab Wheel Rollout exercise in different shoulder joint positions. METHOD: We recruited 8 young, healthy, resistance trained men (age: 25 ± 3 years, height: 178 ± 5 cm, and total body mass: 81 ± 2 kg). All subjects performed two sets of 10 sec. maximal isometric contractions of the Ab Wheel Rollout exercise keeping the knees fixed on the floor and the arms taut. To perform the exercise, all subjects were randomly assessed in the following three positions related to the angle between the arms and trunk, in random order: arms aligned vertically with the Ab Wheel Rollout exercise (neutral); 90o and 150o. A rest period of 5 minutes was provided between tests. The sEMG signals were recorded in the following muscles: Latissimus Dorsi; Pectoralis Major; Erector Spinae; Rectus Abdominis. RESULTS: There were significant increases in Rectus Abdominis muscle activity between: neutral vs. 90o, neutral vs. 150o and 90o vs. 150o. There was a significant increase in Pectoralis Major muscle activity between neutral x 150o. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that (a) Ab Wheel Rollout exercise emphasizes the muscle action of the Pectoralis Major and Rectus Abdominis more than the Latissimus Dorsi and Erector Spinae; (b) the level of muscle activation depends on the external force created by the body mass and lever arm from the center of mass.
A novel ACE2 activator reduces monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing the JAK/STAT and TGF-β cascades with restored caveolin-1 expression

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Recently, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which converts angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang-(1-7), was shown to inhibit experimental PH. Here we identified a novel ACE2 activator and investigated how the compound reduced monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH. Methods: To induce PH, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with MCT, followed by the continuous administration of NCP-2454, an ACE2 activator, using osmotic pumps. Pulmonary arterial compliance was monitored every week until 4 weeks post-injection (wpi). RVH and lung remodeling was evaluated using lung tissue at 4 wpi. Results: NCP-2454 upregulated the production of Ang-(1-7) when incubated with ACE2 and Ang II. Notably, a continuous infusion of NCP-2454 significantly improved pulmonary arterial compliance, right ventricular systolic pressure, and RVH in MCT-treated rats. Interestingly, NCP-2454 increased the relative expression of ACE2 and MAS mRNA in lung tissue, especially in MCT-treated rats. In addition, the compound inhibited the MCT-induced overexpression of transforming growth factor β, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and interleukin-6 production. The compound also restored the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), which negatively regulates the Janus kinase-STAT signaling cascade. Conclusions: NCP-2454 prevented MCT-induced PH by suppressing intracellular inflammatory cascades, an upstream molecular change of which is the disruption of Cav-1 expression.
PHONOLOGICAL PRIMING IN CANTONESE SPOKEN-WORD PROCESSING

An auditory priming experiment with 28 native Cantonese speakers was conducted to examine the effects of phonological overlap between monosyllabic target words and preceding primes. In the experiment, listeners heard a pair of Cantonese monosyllables (prime-target) with 250 milliseconds inter-stimulus interval in between and they were instructed to name aloud the second item (target). Results indicated that facilitation was observed in two conditions: (1) shared rime and tone between primes and targets and (2) shared onset and rime between primes and targets. However, when shared the onset and tone between the monosyllabic prime and target, an inhibition effect was observed. These findings are discussed in terms of the segmental and supra-segmental information of Cantonese.
Vegetarian Ecofeminism: A Review Essay

Although the roots of ecofeminism can be located in the work of women gardeners, outdoor enthusiasts, environmental writers, botanists, scientists, animal welfare activists, and abolitionists over the past two centuries, ecofeminism's first articulation in the 1980s was shaped by the convergence of the peace, antinuclear, and feminist movements. In the past two decades ecofeminism has developed so rapidly that the time for a broad review of it has already passed; even recent taxonomies do not adequately describe its internal variations. For these reasons, I have chosen to trace the branch of ecofeminism that has been the subject of most disagreement by feminists, ecofeminists, and environmentalists and is the least understood. This misunderstanding (and the subsequent misrepresentation) of vegetarian ecofeminism must be addressed, I will argue, because this branch of ecofeminism is the logical outgrowth of both feminism and ecofeminism. For if ecofeminism can be seen as the offspring of feminism, then vegetarian ecofeminism is surely feminism's third generation. Since its inception ecofeminism has had a contentious relationship with the idea of animal liberation. While some ecofeminists have remained silent on the topic of animals, others have emphasized the oppression of nonhuman animals (speciesism) as implicit within an ecofeminist analysis, arguing that speciesism functions like and is inherently linked to racism, sexism, classism, heterosexism, and naturism. Outside of ecofeminism some feminists have been particularly vocal in their opposition to giving equal moral consideration to the interests or the rights of nonhuman animals. To vegetarian ecofeminists such opposition runs counter to the fundamental aims of feminism. As Lynda Birke explains, "One of the strengths of feminist thought is that it is never 'just' about women: it is a critical discourse that tends to ask uncomfortable questions about everything. "' Vegetarian ecofeminism puts into action the feminist insight that "the personal is political" and examines the political contexts of dietary choices as well as strategic and operational choices in science and economics. What prevents some feminists and ecofeminists from politicizing
Nanoscale Footprints of Self-Running Gallium Droplets on GaAs Surface

In this work, the nanoscale footprints of self-driven liquid gallium droplet movement on a GaAs (001) surface will be presented and analyzed. The nanoscale footprints of a primary droplet trail and ordered secondary droplets along primary droplet trails are observed on the GaAs surface. A well ordered nanoterrace from the trail is left behind by a running droplet. In addition, collision events between two running droplets are investigated. The exposed fresh surface after a collision demonstrates a superior evaporation property. Based on the observation of droplet evolution at different stages as well as nanoscale footprints, a schematic diagram of droplet evolution is outlined in an attempt to understand the phenomenon of stick-slip droplet motion on the GaAs surface. The present study adds another piece of work to obtain the physical picture of a stick-slip self-driven mechanism in nanoscale, bridging nano and micro systems.
Aging, Cohorts, and the Stability of Sociopolitical Orientations Over the Life Span

This article examines three hypotheses about the relation between age and the stability of sociopolitical attitudes. The hypotheses are (1) the impressionable-year hypothesis, which states that the youngest adults have the least stable attitudes; (2) the aging-stability hypothesis, that attitude stability increases with age; and (3) the hypothesis that symbolic attitudes are more likely to show distinctive life-cycle patterns of attitude stability than less symbolic ones. The hypotheses are tested using nationally representative panel data from the National Election Study (NES). When results are aggregated over 50 different measures of attitudes, they reveal that in general the youngest adults have the lowest levels of attitude stability, although the difference is not significant. Beyond this, the aggregated data show very few systematic age-related differences, and very few life-span differences in attitude stability are related to the nature of the attitude object; that is, symbolic attitudes do not seem to differ systematically from nonsymbolic attitudes in the relationship of age to stability. However, the examination of intracohort patterns of change in stability, using a comparison of stabilities in political party identification across the 1956-1958-1960 and the 1972-1974-1976 NES panel studies, reveals systematic differences that provide clear support for the impressionable-years and aging-stability hypotheses. The decomposition of the stabilities in this measure into components representing "direction" and "intensity" of political partisanship suggests that the intensity component of partisan attitudes declines in stability in old age, whereas the stability of the direction of party loyalties either increases or persists with age. The prevailing model of political socialization-that persons become more "persistent" with age-is reevaluated on the basis of these findings.
The Working Brain: An Introduction To Neuropsychology By A. R. Luna. Translated by Basil Haigh. (Pp. 398; paperback £1·25; hardback £2·50.) The Penguin Press, Allen Lane: London. 1973.

way of judging the authors having set their face against 'psychological" modes of explanation -how far the pursuit of desirable practices should be credited to the beneficent effects of training in child care and how far to selective recruitment. The desirability of child-oriented practices in residential settings is not, in the authors" view, contingent upon any demonstration that such practices have any specific and measurable consequences for the children concerned. Their ultimate criterion is a moral one, and they should, I believe, be applauded for making this uncompromisingly clear. This does not mean that the effects of varying styles of child care should not be meticulously examined. Dr. King, Dr. Raynes, and Professor Tizard present some data to show that in both speech and feeding behaviour severely subnormal children in a hospital ward are very significantly less advanced than intellectually comparable children in either a hostel or a voluntary home. But, as they recognize, there remains a very strong case for further study, using longitudinal designs and methods involving close observation.
Notch Signaling Regulates T Cell Accumulation and Function in the Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Systemic inhibition of Notch signaling was previously shown to attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease model of multiple sclerosis in mice. Different studies attributed these effects to decreased T-bet and IFN-γ expression, enhanced regulatory T cell function, reduced T cell chemotaxis to the CNS, or impaired Th9 cell differentiation. Interpretation of these heterogeneous findings is difficult because past experimental strategies did not ensure complete Notch inhibition in T cells and because many cell populations could be affected by systemic Notch blockade. To resolve the role of Notch in T cells during EAE, we used the pan-Notch inhibitor dominant-negative form of Mastermind-like 1 (DNMAML), as well as several complementary loss-of-function approaches specifically in myelin-reactive T cells. Notch inhibition in T cells profoundly decreased EAE incidence and severity. Notch-deprived myelin-reactive T cells had preserved activation and effector differentiation in secondary lymphoid tissues. However, Notch-deprived T cells failed to accumulate in the CNS after immunization. Parking wild-type and DNMAML T cells together in bone marrow chimeras increased accumulation of Notch-deprived T cells in the CNS after immunization but did not prevent EAE, indicating the absence of dominant suppression by DNMAML T cells. Analysis of CNS-infiltrating DNMAML T cells revealed markedly defective IL-17A and IFN-γ production, despite preserved T-bet expression. Collectively, our findings capture the profound overall effects of Notch signaling in myelin-reactive T cells and demonstrate that Notch controls the accumulation and pathogenic functions of CD4+ T cells within their target organ but not in lymphoid tissues during EAE.
Storied identities: Teacher learning and subject-matter context

This paper examines the role of elementary teachers' identities as teachers and as learners on their teaching and learning practices. Using teachers' literacy stories and mathematics stories as representations of their identities in the two subject-matter contexts, we find a common literacy identity across the 10 teachers in the study, but three distinct mathematics identities emerged within the group. The common literacy story is set both in school and at home and its theme is one of continual progress and learning. The three types of mathematics stories - 'turning point', 'failing' (foreclosed), and 'roller-coaster' - are distinguished from one another, based primarily on their tones and on their descriptions and interpretations of recent experiences. The effects of these different stories on teachers' practices are examined and implications for the design of curriculum and professional development are considered.
Genetic Deletion of NADPH Oxidase 1 Rescues Microvascular Function in Mice With Metabolic Disease

Rationale: Early vascular changes in metabolic disease that precipitate the development of cardiovascular complications are largely driven by reactive oxygen species accumulation, yet the extent to which excess reactive oxygen species derive from specific NADPH oxidase isoforms remains ill defined. Objective: Identify the role of Nox1 in the development of microvascular dysfunction in metabolic disease. Methods and Results: Four genotypes were generated by breeding Nox1 knockout mice with db/db mice: lean (HdbWnox1), lean Nox1 knockout (HdbKnox1), obese (KdbWnox1), and obese KK (KdbKnox1). The degree of adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in KW mice was not influenced by Nox1 deletion as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, glucose tolerance tests, and plasma analyses. Endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine in pressurized mesenteric arteries were reduced in KW versus HW (P<0.01), whereas deletion of Nox1 in KW mice normalized dilation. Vasodilator responses after inhibition of NO synthase blunted acetylcholine responses in KK and lean controls, but had no impact in KW, attributing recovered dilatory capacity in KK to normalization of NO. Acetylcholine responses were improved (P<0.05) with Tempol, and histochemistry revealed oxidative stress in KW animals, whereas Tempol had no impact and reactive oxygen species staining was negligible in KK. Blunted dilatory responses to an NO donor and loss of myogenic tone in KW animals were also rescued with Nox1 deletion. Conclusions: Nox1 deletion reduces oxidant load and restores microvascular health in db/db mice without influencing the degree of metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, targeted Nox1 inhibition may be effective in the prevention of vascular complications.
Surface antigens of metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi

The surface antigen makeup of metacyclic trypomastigote forms of strain G of Trypanosoma cruzi, which produce a subpatent infection in mice, differed from those of the virulent strains Y and CL. A 100,000-molecular-weight protein, barely detectable on the Y or CL cell surface, appeared as the main surface antigen of the G metacyclic trypomastigotes. In addition, the G metacyclic forms differed from those of the virulent strains in their susceptibility to complement-mediated immunolysis.
The Role of Lateral Retinacular Release in the Treatment of Patellar Instability

In the last 2 decades many authors have described the use of an isolated lateral retinacular release for the treatment of patellar instability. This review analyzes the published long-term results of this procedure for the treatment of patellar instability. The isolated use of a lateral retinacular release of the patella has not proven to be of long-term benefit for the treatment of patellar instability. It may be used as an adjunct procedure to a proximal or distal realignment of the extensor mechanism. Various pitfalls of a lateral release for patellar instability are discussed.
Interplay of Magnetic Interactions and Active Movements in the Formation of Magnetosome Chains

Magnetotactic bacteria assemble chains of magnetosomes, organelles that contain magnetic nano-crystals. A number of genetic factors involved in the controlled biomineralization of these crystals and the assembly of magnetosome chains have been identified in recent years, but how the specific biological regulation is coordinated with general physical processes such as diffusion and magnetic interactions remains unresolved. Here, these questions are addressed by simulations of different scenarios for magnetosome chain formation, in which various physical processes and interactions are either switched on or off. The simulation results indicate that purely physical processes of magnetosome diffusion, guided by their magnetic interactions, are not sufficient for the robust chain formation observed experimentally and suggest that biologically encoded active movements of magnetosomes may be required. Not surprisingly, the chain pattern is most resembling experimental results when both magnetic interactions and active movement are coordinated. We estimate that the force such active transport has to generate is compatible with forces generated by the polymerization or depolymerization of cytoskeletal filaments. The simulations suggest that the pleiotropic phenotypes of mamK deletion strains may be due to a defect in active motility of magnetosomes and that crystal formation in magneteosome vesicles is coupled to the activation of their active motility in M. gryphiswaldense, but not in M. magneticum.
Clinical Assessment of Child Victims and Adult Survivors of Child Maltreatment

In the last 2 decades, various forms of child maltreatment, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect, have gained the increased attention of the general public and mental health professionals. In this article, the authors review relevant literature to assist counselors in conducting quality clinical assessments of child victims and adult survivors of child maltreatment. Guidelines are discussed, and specific measures and procedures are recommended.
The influence of family religiosity on adolescent substance use according to religious preference

The aim in doing this research was to identify whether or not family religiosity is protective against adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs) according to selected religious preferences. A cross-sectional survey of students ages 17-35 years in college undergraduate general education classes at three large schools in Utah, May-July, 2003 revealed that the highest use of tobacco smoking and marijuana or other illicit drug use was among those with no religious preference. Catholics had the highest level of alcohol drinking during adolescence. The lowest use of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs was among Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormons). Family church attendance and religiosity among parents during the participants' adolescent years were both significantly protective against substance use in LDS but not among those of other religions or in those with no religious preference. LDS were most likely to agree that they chose to abstain or quit using tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs during their adolescent years because such behavior was inconsistent with their religious beliefs. LDS were also more likely to agree that current substance use was inconsistent with their religion, thus family weekly church attendance and parental religiosity during the participants' adolescent years were associated with lower substance use among LDS.