Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host-Pathogen Interactions of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with Porcine Lung and Tracheal Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Host-pathogen interactions are of great importance in understanding the pathogenesis of infectious microorganisms. We developed in vitro models to study the host-pathogen interactions of porcine respiratory tract pathogens using two immortalized epithelial cell lines, namely, the newborn pig trachea (NPTr) and St. Jude porcine lung (SJPL) cell lines. We first studied the interactions of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important swine pathogen, using these models. Under conditions where cytotoxicity was absent or low, we showed that A. pleuropneumoniae adheres to both cell lines, stimulating the induction of NF-κB. The NPTr cells consequently secrete interleukin 8, while the SJPL cells do not, since they are deprived of the NF-κB p65 subunit. Cell death ultimately occurs by necrosis, not apoptosis. The transcriptomic profile of A. pleuropneumoniae was determined after contact with the porcine lung epithelial cells by using DNA microarrays. Genes such as tadB and rcpA, members of a putative adhesin locus, and a gene whose product has high homology to the Hsf autotransporter adhesin of Haemophilus influenzae were upregulated, as were the genes pgaBC, involved in biofilm biosynthesis, while capsular polysaccharide-associated genes were downregulated. The in vitro models also proved to be efficient with other swine pathogens, such as Actinobacillus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, and Pasteurella multocida. Our results demonstrate that interactions of A. pleuropneumoniae with host epithelial cells seem to involve complex cross talk which results in regulation of various bacterial genes, including some coding for putative adhesins. Furthermore, our data demonstrate the potential of these in vitro models in studying the host-pathogen interactions of other porcine respiratory tract pathogens.
Interpersonal metaphor revisited: identification, categorization, and syndrome

ABSTRACT Grammatical metaphor (ideational metaphor and interpersonal metaphor as sub-categories) “leads to an expansion of the meaning potential: by creating new patterns of structural realization, it opens up new systemic domains of meaning”. Ideational metaphor has been extensively studied in terms of identification, categorization, and application. Interpersonal metaphor, though being readily applicable to interaction-oriented disciplines, has not been studied in depth and many issues remain to be tackled. One significant issue is how to identify interpersonal metaphor, metaphors of mood in particular. With instances from the CORP corpus built out of successful reply posts by doctors and nurses on the health forum of doctorslounge.com, we propose two principles (Context-first Principle and AS IF Principle) that can be used to identify both metaphors of mood and metaphors of modality. Categories of interpersonal metaphor and the metaphoric syndrome can thus be described in a consistent way.
Upregulation of serum retinol in experimental acute renal failure

Serum vitamin A homeostasis was studied in rats with nonfiltering kidneys prepared by ligation of renal arteries. Within 1‐2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11‐73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein‐transthyretin (RBP‐TTR) complex. The activities of acyl‐CoA:retinol acyltransferase and retinyl‐palmitate hydrolase were not altered by short‐term acute renal failure. Oral administration of 3H‐labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol‐RBP‐TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham‐operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP‐TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H‐labeled retinol. Total retinol in the retinol‐RBP‐TTR complex was increased by only 60%. We conclude that short‐term acute renal failure causes rapid upregulation of serum retinol‐RBP‐TTR; the extent of the increase depends on the magnitude of hepatic vitamin A stores, particularly the retinol pools. We hypothesize that kidney modulates the regulation of hepatic release of retinol‐RBP from the pool of newly acquired retinol. — Gerlach, T. H. ; Zile, M. H. Upregulation of serum retinol in experimental acute renal failure. FASEB J. 4: 2511‐2517; 1990.
The simulated H I sky at low redshift

Context. Observations of intergalactic neutral hydrogen can provide a wealth of information about structure and galaxy formation, potentially tracing accretion and feedback processes on Mpc scales. Below a column density of N-HI similar to 10(19) cm(-2), the "edge" or typical observational limit for H I emission from galaxies, simulations predict a cosmic web of extended emission and filamentary structures. Current observations of this regime are limited by telescope sensitivity, which will soon advance substantially. Aims. We study the distribution of neutral hydrogen and its 21-cm emission properties in a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, to gain more insight into the distribution of H I below N-HI similar to 10(19) cm(-2). Such Lyman limit systems are expected to trace out the cosmic web and are relatively unexplored. Methods. Beginning with a 32 h(-1) Mpc simulation, we extract the neutral hydrogen component by determining the neutral fraction, including a post-processed correction for self-shielding based on the thermal pressure. We take molecular hydrogen into account, assuming an average density ratio Omega(H2)/Omega(HI) = 0.3 at z = 0. The statistical properties of the H I emission are compared with observations, to assess the reliability of the simulation. We then make predictions for upcoming surveys. Results. The simulated H I distribution robustly describes the full column density range between N-HI similar to 10(14) and N-HI similar to 10(21) cm(-2) and agrees very well with available measurements from observations. Furthermore there is good correspondence in the statistics when looking at the two-point correlation function and the H I mass function. The reconstructed maps are used to simulate observations of existing and future telescopes by adding noise and accounting for the sensitivity of the telescopes. Conclusions. The general agreement in statistical properties of H I suggests that neutral hydrogen, as modelled in this hydrodynamic simulation, is a fair representation of neutral hydrogen in the Universe. Our method can be applied to other simulations, to compare different models of accretion and feedback. Future H I observations will be able to probe the regions where galaxies connect to the cosmic web.
Social Movements and Educational Research: Toward a United Field of Scholarship

Background/Context Educational research addressing social movements appears to be growing rapidly but, with a few exceptions, this body of literature has remained largely isolated in pockets stretched across myriad fields of educational scholarship. Awareness and dialogue across researchers is limited because social movement-focused educational research lacks the structure, identity, profile, and networks of a field of scholarship. Purpose/Objective The purpose of this article is to explore how educational researchers have addressed social movements in their scholarship. Through presenting the findings from a wide-ranging literature review, we aim to generate greater awareness of social movement-oriented educational scholarship and argue for a more united field of research on social movements and education. Research Design We conducted an extensive review of educational scholarship with an explicit focus on social movements. Our sample included more than 370 publications from myriad fields of educational research, including adult education, higher education, social foundations of education, and other fields addressing K–12 schooling. Findings/Results We found that most of the educational literature addressing social movements can be grouped into one of two categories: the study of education and learning in social movements, and the study of the influence of movements on formal education. The first category of scholarship, produced primarily (though not entirely) in the field of adult education, has the appearance of a research program, with researchers engaged in scholarly conversation with shared theoretical touchstones. The second category of scholarship does not have the appearance of a research program, as it is produced across a number of fields that do not appear to be in dialogue. Although there is little sign of mutual awareness across these two large categories of literature, we found that researchers on both sides of the divide have much in common, including theoretical, methodological, and topical interests. Conclusions/Recommendations We conclude the literature review by arguing for the establishment of a more united field of research on social movements and education. We posit that an interdisciplinary and multi-perspective field devoted to understanding the educational dimensions and implications of social movements would not only benefit researchers and their scholarship but also pose and answer new and important questions related to formal, non-formal, and informal education. A more united field of inquiry related to social movements and education would also raise the profile of this scholarship such that it could have greater influence on educational policy and practice, as well as on social movements themselves.
Selective breeding for high alcohol preference increases the sensitivity of the posterior VTA to the reinforcing effects of nicotine

The rate of codependency for alcohol and nicotine is extremely high. Numerous studies have indicated that there is a common genetic association for alcoholism and nicotine dependency. The current experiments examined whether selective breeding for high alcohol preference in rats may be associated with increased sensitivity of the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) to the reinforcing properties of nicotine. In addition, nicotine can directly bind to the serotonin‐3 (5‐HT3) receptor, which has been shown to mediate the reinforcing properties of other drugs of abuse within the pVTA Wistar rats were assigned to groups that were allowed to self‐infuse 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 μM nicotine in two‐lever (active and inactive) operant chambers. P rats were allowed to self‐infuse 0, 1, 10, 50 or 100 μM nicotine. Co‐infusion of 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists with nicotine into the pVTA was also determined. P rats self‐infused nicotine at lower concentrations than required to support self‐administration in Wistar rats. In addition, P rats received more self‐infusions of 50 and 100 μM nicotine than Wistar rats; including a 5HT3 receptor antagonist (LY‐278,584 or zacopride) with nicotine reduced responding on the active lever. Overall, the data support an association between selective breeding for high alcohol preference and increased sensitivity of the pVTA to the reinforcing properties of nicotine. In addition, the data suggest that activation of 5HT3 receptors may be required to maintain the local reinforcing actions of nicotine within the pVTA.
Understanding HTTP flow rates in cellular networks

Data traffic in cellular networks increased tremendously over the past few years and this growth is predicted to continue over the next few years. Due to differences in access technology and user behavior, the characteristics of cellular traffic can differ from existing results for wireline traffic. In this study we focus on understanding the flow rates and on the relationship between the rates and other flow properties by analyzing packet level traces collected in a large cellular network. To understand the limiting factors of the flow rates, we further analyze the underlying causes behind the observed rates, e.g., network congestion, access link or end host configuration. Our study extends other related work by conducting the analysis from a unique dimension, the comparison with traffic in wired networks, to reveal the unique properties of cellular traffic. We find that they differ in variability and in the dominant rate limiting factors.
Epilepsy-Prone EL Mice Cells from Epilepsy-Resistant ASK versus Dysregulation of Src Family Kinases in Mast

EL mice have been used as a model of epilepsy, whereas ASK mice are an epilepsy-resistant variant originating from a colony of EL mice. Mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis is easily inducible by stimulation with IgE and Ag in ASK mice, whereas EL mice are resistant to such stimuli. In this study we have characterized mast cells derived from these two strains. ASK mast cells proliferated more vigorously than EL cells in response to IL-3 and stem cell factor. Although ASK mast cells degranulated less vigorously than EL mast cells upon stimulation with IgE and Ag, ASK cells produced and secreted several-fold more TNF- (cid:1) and IL-2 than EL cells. Consistent with the similarities of these ASK and EL mast cell responses with phenotypes of lyn (cid:2) / (cid:2) and wild-type mast cells, respectively, Lyn activity was reduced in ASK cells. In addition to the impaired Lyn activity, ASK cells just like lyn (cid:2) / (cid:2) cells exhibited reduced Syk activity, prolonged activation of ERK and JNK, and enhanced activation of Akt. Furthermore, the lipid raft-resident transmembrane adaptor protein Cbp/PAG that associates with Lyn was hypophosphorylated in ASK cells. Impor-tantly, similar to lyn (cid:2) / (cid:2) cells, Fyn was hyperactivated in ASK cells. Therefore, these results are consistent with the notion that Lyn-dependent phosphorylation of Cbp/PAG negatively regulates Src family kinases. This study also suggests that reduced activity of Lyn, a negative regulator of mast cell activation, underlies the susceptibility of ASK mice to anaphylaxis and implies that dysregulation of Lyn and other Src family kinases contributes to epileptogenesis. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178:
Towards universal neural nets: Gibbs machines and ACE

We study from a physics viewpoint a class of generative neural nets, Gibbs machines, designed for gradual learning. While including variational auto-encoders, they offer a broader universal platform for incrementally adding newly learned features, including physical symmetries. Their direct connection to statistical physics and information geometry is established. A variational Pythagorean theorem justifies invoking the exponential/Gibbs class of probabilities for creating brand new objects. Combining these nets with classifiers, gives rise to a brand of universal generative neural nets - stochastic auto-classifier-encoders (ACE). ACE have state-of-the-art performance in their class, both for classification and density estimation for the MNIST data set.
Rapid experimental SAD phasing and hot-spot identification with halogenated fragments

4-Bromopyrazole and 4-iodopyrazole bind to many small molecule binding hot spots in target proteins. This promiscuous binding enables the use of these compounds for experimental phase determination by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD). The low cost and safety of the compounds make them excellent choices for addition to the protein crystallographer’s toolkit.
Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis dan Ketelitian Mahasiswa

Abstrak. Masalah yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini adalah kurang berminatnya mahasiswa terhadap mata kuliah yang mengandung unsur hitungan karena memerlukan pemahaman terhadap konsepnya dan ketelitian saat mengerjakannya. Sehingga diperlukan alternatif model pembelajaran yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan berfikir kritis dan ketelitian dari mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bukti empiris yang membahas pelaksanaan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis dan ketelitian mahasiswa Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, sehingga sampel dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu kelas eksperimen menggunakan model PBL dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan model. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kemampuan berikir kritis, skala sikap berdasarkan skala Likert, skala aktivitas siswa dan pedoman wawancara. Dari penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil bahwa Model PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis dan ketelitian mahasiswa, hal ini diunjukkan dengan derajat korelasi antara kemampuan berfikir kritis dengan ketelitian mahasiswa dengan kriteria kuat dan signifikan. Kata kunci: PBL, kemampuan berikir kritis, dan ketelitian
HealthyOffice: Mood recognition at work using smartphones and wearable sensors

Stress, anxiety and depression in the workplace are detrimental to human health and productivity with significant financial implications. Recent research in this area has focused on the use of sensor technologies, including smartphones and wearables embedded with physiological and movement sensors. In this work, we explore the possibility of using such devices for mood recognition, focusing on work environments. We propose a novel mood recognition framework that is able to identify five intensity levels for eight different types of moods every two hours. We further present a smartphone app ('HealthyOffice'), designed to facilitate self-reporting in a structured manner and provide our model with the ground truth. We evaluate our system in a small-scale user study where wearable sensing data is collected in an office environment. Our experiments exhibit promising results allowing us to reliably recognize various classes of perceived moods.
Process-based ideology of participative experimentation to foster identity-challenging innovations: The case of Gmail and AdSense

Prior research has examined how organizational identity can enable and constrain innovations. A complementary literature has examined organizational ideology as the basis for actions driving identity-enhancing innovations. We examine how organizational ideology can serve as the basis for identity-challenging innovations through an in-depth study of the emergence of two innovations at Google—Gmail and AdSense. Findings from this study highlight a process-based ideology of participative experimentation. We explicate the constituent elements of this process-based ideology, and discuss its implications for research on innovation and identity.
Psychiatric comorbidity in gender dysphoric adolescents.

BACKGROUND This study examined psychiatric comorbidity in adolescents with a gender identity disorder (GID). We focused on its relation to gender, type of GID diagnosis and eligibility for medical interventions (puberty suppression and cross-sex hormones). METHODS To ascertain DSM-IV diagnoses, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) was administered to parents of 105 gender dysphoric adolescents. RESULTS 67.6% had no concurrent psychiatric disorder. Anxiety disorders occurred in 21%, mood disorders in 12.4% and disruptive disorders in 11.4% of the adolescents. Compared with natal females (n = 52), natal males (n = 53) suffered more often from two or more comorbid diagnoses (22.6% vs. 7.7%, p = .03), mood disorders (20.8% vs. 3.8%, p = .008) and social anxiety disorder (15.1% vs. 3.8%, p = .049). Adolescents with GID considered to be 'delayed eligible' for medical treatment were older [15.6 years (SD = 1.6) vs. 14.1 years (SD = 2.2), p = . 001], their intelligence was lower [91.6 (SD = 12.4) vs. 99.1 (SD = 12.8), p = . 011] and a lower percentage was living with both parents (23% vs. 64%, p < .001). Although the two groups did not differ in the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity, the respective odds ratios ('delayed eligible' adolescents vs. 'immediately eligible' adolescents) were >1.0 for all psychiatric diagnoses except specific phobia. CONCLUSIONS Despite the suffering resulting from the incongruence between experienced and assigned gender at the start of puberty, the majority of gender dysphoric adolescents do not have co-occurring psychiatric problems. Delayed eligibility for medical interventions is associated with psychiatric comorbidity although other factors are of importance as well.
Construction of Expanded Input Space for Modeling Hysteretic Systems

A neural model for hysteresis based on expanded input space is proposed in this article. In this method, the behavior of hysteresis is considered as a dynamic system that can be described by a nonlinear state space equation containing hysteretic state. In order to transfer the multi-valued mapping of hysteresis into a one-to-one mapping, an expanded input space involving the original input variable and a so-called Duhem operator is constructed. Thus, the neural networks can be employed to approximate the relation between the hysteretic state and the output of the system that is also the output of hysteresis. The proposed model has a simple architecture that can be easily implemented for on-line adaptation for the model in case of the unexpected change of operating environment. Furthermore, the dynamic performance of the model is improved because of the existence of Duhem operator. Finally, the method is used to the modeling of hysteresis in a piezoelectric actuator.
Targeted Disruption of the Wnt Regulator Kremen Induces Limb Defects and High Bone Density

ABSTRACT Kremen1 and Kremen2 (Krm1 and Krm2) are transmembrane coreceptors for Dickkopf1 (Dkk1), an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The physiological relevance of Kremen proteins in mammals as Wnt modulators is unresolved. We generated and characterized Krm mutant mice and found that double mutants show enhanced Wnt signaling accompanied by ectopic postaxial forelimb digits and expanded apical ectodermal ridges. Triple mutant Krm1−/−Krm2−/−Dkk1+/− mice show enhanced growth of ectopic digits, indicating that Dkk1 and Krm genes genetically interact during limb development. Wnt/β-catenin signaling also plays a critical role in bone formation. Single Krm mutants show normal bone formation and bone mass, while double mutants show increased bone volume and bone formation parameters. Our study provides the first genetic evidence for a functional interaction of Kremen proteins with Dkk1 as negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reveals that Kremen proteins are not universally required for Dkk1 function.
Thinking Styles and Privacy Decisions: Need for Cognition, Faith into Intuition, and the Privacy Calculus

Investigating cognitive processes that underlie privacy-related deci- sions, prior research has primarily adopted a "privacy calculus" view, indicating privacy-related decisions to constitute rational anticipations of risks and bene- fits connected to data disclosure. Referring to psychological limitations and heuristic thinking, however, recent research has discussed notions of bounded rationality in this context. Adopting this view, the current research argues that privacy decisions are guided by thinking styles, i.e. individual preferences to decide in an either rational or intuitive way. Results of a survey indicated that individuals high in rational thinking, as reflected by a high need for cognition, anticipated and weighed risk and benefits more thoroughly. In contrast, individ- uals relying on experiential thinking (as reflected by a high faith into intuition) overleaped rational considerations and relied on their hunches rather than a pri- vacy calculus when assessing intentions to disclose information. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.