Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and Interest Targeting for Sponsored Post Advertising at Tumblr

As one of the leading platforms for creative content, Tumblr offers advertisers a unique way of creating brand identity. Advertisers can tell their story through images, animation, text, music, video, and more, and can promote that content by sponsoring it to appear as an advertisement in the users' live feeds. In this paper, we present a framework that enabled two of the key targeted advertising components for Tumblr, gender and interest targeting. We describe the main challenges encountered during the development of the framework, which include the creation of a ground truth for training gender prediction models, as well as mapping Tumblr content to a predefined interest taxonomy. For purposes of inferring user interests, we propose a novel semi-supervised neural language model for categorization of Tumblr content (i.e., post tags and post keywords). The model was trained on a large-scale data set consisting of $6.8$ billion user posts, with a very limited amount of categorized keywords, and was shown to have superior performance over the baseline approaches. We successfully deployed gender and interest targeting capability in Yahoo production systems, delivering inference for users that covers more than 90% of daily activities on Tumblr. Online performance results indicate advantages of the proposed approach, where we observed 20% increase in user engagement with sponsored posts in comparison to untargeted campaigns.
Hidden Field Equations (HFE) and Isomorphisms of Polynomials (IP): two new Families of Asymmetric Algorithms - Extended Version -

In [11] T. Matsumoto and H. Imai described a new asymmetric algorithm based on multivariate polynomials of degree two over a (cid:12)nite (cid:12)eld. Then in [14] this algorithm was broken. The aim of this paper is to show that despite this result it is probably possible to use multivariate polynomials of degree two in carefully designed algorithms for asymmetric cryptography. In this paper we will give some examples of such schemes. All the examples that we will give, belong to two large family of schemes: HFE and IP. With HFE we will be able to do encryption, signatures or authentication in an asymmetric way. Moreover HFE (with properly chosen parameters) resist to all known attacks and can be used in order to give very short asymmetric signatures or very short encrypted messages (of length 128 bits or 64 bits for example). IP can be used for asymmetric authentications or signatures. IP authentications are zero knowledge.
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Rothschild's Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi)

Abstract A 3-yr-old male Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) presented for acute swelling caudomedial to the left parietal horn. Following initial diagnostics and supportive treatment, the mass was surgically resected and intralesional chemotherapy was administered. Despite treatment, the giraffe's condition worsened and euthanasia was performed. Gross necropsy revealed neoplastic invasion and destruction of underlying parietal bone, adjacent horn base, and sinuses, and metastases in the tracheobronchial and mandibular lymph nodes and lung. Histologically, the tumor was composed of packets of anaplastic round cells. Immunohistochemical studies further characterized the tumor as an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This is the first reported case of rhabdomyosarcoma in a giraffe.
Survival of planets around shrinking stellar binaries

Significance The detection of planets around binary stars (sometimes called “Tatooine planets”) in the last few years signified a major discovery in astronomy and posed a significant challenge to our understanding of planet formation. So far, the discovered circumbinary planets orbit relatively wide stellar binaries (with binary orbital period greater than 7 d) and have their orbital axes aligned with the binary axes. The theoretical/numerical work reported in this paper suggests that there may be a new population of circumbinary planets, which orbit around more-compact binaries (with periods less than a few days) and have their orbital axes misaligned with the binary axes. Current observational strategy inevitably misses this population of Tatooine planets, but future observations may reveal their existence. The discovery of transiting circumbinary planets by the Kepler mission suggests that planets can form efficiently around binary stars. None of the stellar binaries currently known to host planets has a period shorter than 7 d, despite the large number of eclipsing binaries found in the Kepler target list with periods shorter than a few days. These compact binaries are believed to have evolved from wider orbits into their current configurations via the so-called Lidov–Kozai migration mechanism, in which gravitational perturbations from a distant tertiary companion induce large-amplitude eccentricity oscillations in the binary, followed by orbital decay and circularization due to tidal dissipation in the stars. Here we explore the orbital evolution of planets around binaries undergoing orbital decay by this mechanism. We show that planets may survive and become misaligned from their host binary, or may develop erratic behavior in eccentricity, resulting in their consumption by the stars or ejection from the system as the binary decays. Our results suggest that circumbinary planets around compact binaries could still exist, and we offer predictions as to what their orbital configurations should be like.
Abstract 4012: Large-scale characterization of DNA methylation changes in human gastric carcinomas with and without metastasis

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Metastasis is the leading cause of caner-related death for solid tumors including gastric carcinoma (GC). An epigenetic biomarker panel for prediction GC metastasis will have clinical impact on the care of GC patients. In order to characterize the methylation differences between GCs with and without metastasis, genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were compared between 4 metastatic and 4 non-metastatic GCs and their surgical margins (SM). The GC genome showed significantly higher proportions of hypomethylation in the promoter and exon-1 regions, as well as increased hypermethylation of intragenic fragments when compared to SMs. From the list of differentially methylated CpG islands (CGIs), 63 candidate genes and 10 known tumor-related genes were selected for further analysis based on their known functions. Significant differential methylation was validated in the CGIs of 15 genes (Ps<0.05) and confirmed using bisulfite-sequencing. These genes included BMP3, BNIP3, CDKN2A, ECEL1, ELK1, GFRA1, HOXD10, KCNH1, PSMD10, PTPRT, SIGIRR, SRF, TBX5, TFPI2, and ZNF382. Hypermethylation of CGIs in several genes resulted in inactivation of their transcription; however, hypomethylation of GFRA1 correlated with an increase in expression. Most importantly, the prevalence of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 methylation alterations were inversely and coordinately associated with GC metastasis and the patients' overall survival throughout discovery and validation cohorts in China (n=108 and 222), and two independent validation cohorts in Japan and Korea (n=129 and 153). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of combined methylation changes of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 was an independent predictor of overall survival for GC patients in the above 4 patient cohorts (n=246) after adjusting for the pTNM stage, GC location, differentiation, vascular embolus, age, and sex (HR=0.753; 95%CI [0.584-0.972]). The metastasis-prediction values of GFRA1 and SRF methylation are stronger than those of MMP7. In conclusion, methylation changes of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 may be a potential biomarker set for prediction of GC metastasis. Citation Format: Zhaojun Liu, Jun Zhang, Yanhong Gao, Lirong Pei, Naoko Hattori, Budong Zhu, Jiafu Ji, Yasuhito Yuasa, Wooho Kim, Toshikazu Ushijima, Huidong Shi, Dajun Deng. Large-scale characterization of DNA methylation changes in human gastric carcinomas with and without metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4012. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4012
BrowserShield: vulnerability-driven filtering of dynamic HTML

Vulnerability-driven filtering of network data can offer a fast and easy-to-deploy alternative or intermediary to software patching, as exemplified in Shield [43]. In this paper, we take Shield's vision to a new domain, inspecting and cleansing not just static content, but also dynamic content. The dynamic content we target is the dynamic HTML in web pages, which have become a popular vector for attacks. The key challenge in filtering dynamic HTML is that it is undecidable to statically determine whether an embedded script will exploit the browser at run-time. We avoid this undecidability problem by rewriting web pages and any embedded scripts into safe equivalents, inserting checks so that the filtering is done at run-time. The rewritten pages contain logic for recursively applying run-time checks to dynamically generated or modified web content, based on known vulnerabilities. We have built and evaluated BrowserShield, a system that performs this dynamic instrumentation of embedded scripts, and that admits policies for customized run-time actions like vulnerability-driven filtering.
Redefining "Learning" in Statistical Learning: What Does an Online Measure Reveal About the Assimilation of Visual Regularities?

From a theoretical perspective, most discussions of statistical learning (SL) have focused on the possible "statistical" properties that are the object of learning. Much less attention has been given to defining what "learning" is in the context of "statistical learning. " One major difficulty is that SL research has been monitoring participants' performance in laboratory settings with a strikingly narrow set of tasks, where learning is typically assessed offline, through a set of two-alternative-forced-choice questions, which follow a brief visual or auditory familiarization stream. Is that all there is to characterizing SL abilities? Here we adopt a novel perspective for investigating the processing of regularities in the visual modality. By tracking online performance in a self-paced SL paradigm, we focus on the trajectory of learning. In a set of three experiments we show that this paradigm provides a reliable and valid signature of SL performance, and it offers important insights for understanding how statistical regularities are perceived and assimilated in the visual modality. This demonstrates the promise of integrating different operational measures to our theory of SL.
Implementing attribute grammars using conventional compiler construction tools

This article describes a straightforward and structure-preserving coding pattern to encode arbitrary non-circular attribute grammars as syntax-directed translation schemes for bottom-up parser generation tools. According to this pattern, a bottom-up oriented translation scheme is systematically derived from the original attribute grammar. Semantic actions attached to each syntax rule are written in terms of a small repertory of primitive attribution operations. By providing alternative implementations for these attribution operations, it is possible to plug in different semantic evaluation strategies in a seamlessly way (e.g., a demand-driven strategy, or a data-driven one). The pattern makes it possible the direct implementation of attribute grammar-based specifications using widely-used translation scheme-driven tools for the development of bottom-up language translators (e.g. YACC, BISON, CUP, etc.). As a consequence, this initial coding can be subsequently refined to yield final efficient implementations. Since these implementations still preserve the ability of being extended with new features described at the attribute grammar level, the advantages from the point of view of development and maintenance become apparent.
Ambulatory Care-sensitive Conditions: Clinical Outcomes and Impact on Intensive Care Unit Resource Use

Background We identified risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with ambulatory care-sensitive conditions requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods This prospective cohort study included 4,144 patients admitted to the medical ICU of an urban teaching hospital during a 3-year period. Results A total of 627 patients were classified as having ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ie, potentially preventable ICU admissions). Black race, decreasing Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, younger age, female sex, and absence of immunodeficiency were independently associated with ambulatory care-sensitive conditions. Patients classified as having ambulatory care-sensitive conditions accounted for 2,006 ventilator days, 2,508 ICU days, and 5,392 hospital days. The hospital mortality rate was statistically lower for patients with ambulatory care-sensitive conditions than for patients without these conditions. Patients classified as having ambulatory care-sensitive conditions were also statistically more likely than other patients to lack health insurance and to sign out of the hospital against medical advice. Conclusion Patients with ambulatory care-sensitive conditions account for a substantial portion of all admissions to the intensive care unit. These data suggest that interventions aimed at preventing such admissions could improve ICU bed use.
The relationship between lead in plasma and whole blood in women.

Studies have suggested that plasma lead levels may better reflect the toxicologically labile fraction of circulatory Pb that is more freely available for exchange with target tissues than do Pb levels in whole blood. Studies have also reported an apparent severalfold variation in the relative partitioning of Pb between whole blood and plasma (or serum) for a given whole-blood Pb level. This may reflect inherent differences in the plasma Pb/whole blood Pb partitioning among individuals and/or methodologic challenges associated with the collection and analyses of samples that generally contain < 1-2 ng total Pb. Here, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the relationship between Pb in whole blood and plasma in environmentally exposed reproductive-age women (n = 63) living in Mexico City, Mexico. We collected whole blood and plasma samples using trace metal clean techniques and analyzed them for Pb using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A subset of subjects provided repeated blood samples weekly for 4 consecutive weeks (n = 17 subjects) or every 1-2 months over a 9-month period (n = 14 subjects). Plasma Pb concentration was significantly positively associated with whole-blood Pb in a curvilinear fashion over the range of blood Pb values observed here (2.13-39.7 microg/dL). This relationship was best described by the function Plasma Pb = e (-2.392 + 0.0898 x blood Pb), where SE(coefficient) = 0.0054, SE(constant) = 0.063 (n = 63 subjects, n = 141 observations). Results from the short- and long-term repeated collection subjects indicated that the within- and between-subject variance components were not significantly different between the two subsets of subjects. The between-subjects component accounts for 78% of the variance in plasma Pb levels, while the residual variance (22%) may be attributed to other unmeasured factors. Collectively, this study demonstrates that plasma Pb measurements may be applied to general clinical settings, provided that established trace metal clean techniques are adopted. This study also shows that the relative (%) partitioning of whole-blood Pb in plasma naturally varies by a factor of about 2-4-fold among subjects at a given blood Pb level. Because Pb in the plasma is considered to more closely represent the fraction of Pb in the circulation that is readily exchanged with peripheral target tissues (e.g., brain, kidney, skeleton), the routine assessment of plasma Pb may provide a more meaningful measure of toxicologically available Pb.
Impact of immunosuppressive agents on the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, heme oxygenase-1 and interleukin-7 in mesangial cells

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a major cause of graft loss following kidney transplantation and may result from the interactions of various immune and non-immune factors. The aim of the present study was to establish an in vitro model of glomerular mesangial cell injury in order to examine the gene expression levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and interleukin-7 (IL-7) in mesangial cells during the healing process as well as to investigate the effects of various immunosuppressants on the expression of these genes. The HBZY-1 glomerular mesangial cell line was pre-treated in vitro with cytochalasin B for 2 h to induce reversible damage. Following the pre-treatment, the HBZY-1 cells were divided into five groups: Blank control group, cyclosporine A (CsA) group, tacrolimus (Tac) group, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) group and rapamycin (RAPA) group. After treating the mesangial cells with each immunosuppressive drug for 6, 12 or 24 h, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IDO, HO-1 and IL-7 were examined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed that expression levels of HO-1 were significantly upregulated in response to treatment with CsA, FK506, RAPA and MMF, whereas the expression levels of IL-7 were markedly downregulated by treatment with the above immunosuppressants. CsA, FK506 and MMF significantly enhanced the expression levels of IDO, whereas RAPA exhibited no apparent effect on IDO. The present study may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of CAN and provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of CAN.
High Prevalence and Significance of Hepatitis D Virus Infection among Treatment-Naïve HBsAg-Positive Patients in Northern Vietnam

Background Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is considered to cause more severe hepatitis than hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfection. With more than 9.5 million HBV-infected people, Vietnam will face an enormous health burden. The prevalence of HDV in Vietnamese HBsAg-positive patients is speculative. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of HDV in Vietnamese patients, determined the HDV-genotype distribution and compared the findings with the clinical outcome. Methods 266 sera of well-characterized HBsAg-positive patients in Northern Vietnam were analysed for the presence of HDV using newly developed HDV-specific RT-PCRs. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed for HDV-genotyping. Results The HDV-genome prevalence observed in the Vietnamese HBsAg-positive patients was high with 15.4% while patients with acute hepatitis showed 43.3%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a predominance of HDV-genotype 1 clustering in an Asian clade while HDV-genotype 2 could be also detected. The serum aminotransferase levels (AST, ALT) as well as total and direct bilirubin were significantly elevated in HDV-positive individuals (p<0.05). HDV loads were mainly low (<300 to 4.108 HDV-copies/ml). Of note, higher HDV loads were mainly found in HBV-genotype mix samples in contrast to single HBV-infections. In HBV/HDV-coinfections, HBV loads were significantly higher in HBV-genotype C in comparison to HBV-genotype A samples (p<0.05). Conclusion HDV prevalence is high in Vietnamese individuals, especially in patients with acute hepatitis B. HDV replication activity showed a HBV-genotype dependency and could be associated with elevated liver parameters. Besides serological assays molecular tests are recommended for diagnosis of HDV. Finally, the high prevalence of HBV and HDV prompts the urgent need for HBV-vaccination coverage.
OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION FROM INFANCY TO ADOLESCENCE: EVIDENCE FROM TWO LARGE US COHORTS

Summary Body mass index (BMI) levels in US children and adolescents have increased over the past several decades. The negative health effects of this trend are well-documented. Recent work has evaluated the potential effects on skills formation. Studies are mixed on whether there is an association between high BMI and skills outcomes, and those that estimate causal effects find none. This paper offers estimates on the causal effect of BMI-defined overweight and obesity on skills formation using two large cohorts of contemporary US children followed from infancy to 5 years and from kindergarten (6 years) to the eighth grade (14 years). Significant negative associations were observed in the random effects models for males in early life with respect to a mental skills assessment, for females during the pre-school years for reading and maths assessments, for both males and females during the schooling years for reading assessments and for females during the schooling years for maths assessments. Fixed effects models yielded a significant negative association only with respect to the latter. The implication of these findings is that any improvement in skills outcomes that may accompany reductions in obesity prevalence may depend on whether interventions are general to overall health productivity or whether they are specific to dietary and exercise behaviours.
A controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine (heptavax B): A final report

A controlled, randomized, double‐blind trial in 1,083 homosexual men from New York confirmed that a highly purified, formalin‐inactivated vaccine against hepatitis B prepared from HBsAg positive plasma, is safe immunogenic, and highly efficacious. Over 95% of vaccinated subjects developed antibody against the surface antigen. Vaccine‐induced antibody persisted for the entire 24‐month follow‐up period. The attack rate of all hepatitis B virus infections (excluding conversions of anti‐HBc alone) was 3.2% in vaccine recipients compared with 25.6% in placebo recipients (p < 0.0001). In those who received all three doses of vaccine, of 40 μg each, the protective efficacy rate was close to 100%. The vaccine protects against acute hepatitis B, asymptomatic infection, and chronic antigenemia. There is reason to assume that the vaccine is also partially effective when given postexposure.