Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial characterization of the mitogenic action of pp60v‐src, the oncogenic protein product of the src gene of avian sarcoma virus

NRK cells infected with a temperature‐sensitive, transformation‐defective mutant of avian sarcoma virus (ASV), tsLA23, are transformed at 36°C, but at 40°C they behave as nontransformed cells because of the inactivation of the abnormally thermolabile pp60v‐src product of the virus' transforming src gene. At 40°C, these tsLA23‐NRK cells were arrested in G1/G0 by severe serum deprivation. They were induced to enter G1, initiate DNA synthesis 7 or 10 hours later, and then divide as (1) nontransformed cells by adding serum or platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) at 40°C, or (2) transformed cells by lowering the temperature to a pp60v‐src‐activating 36°C without adding exogenous growth factor(s). The level of pp60v‐src kinase activity rose dramatically in these serum‐deprived cells within 30 minutes of lowering the temperature to the permissive 36°C, and it fell just as rapidly when the cells were returned to the restrictive 40°C. As little as a 2‐hour exposure to 36°C, with an attendant 2‐hour burst of pp60v‐src kinase activity, was enough to stimulate serum‐deprived tsLA23‐NRK cells to transit G1 and initiate DNA replication, but not to divide. Much more prolonged pp60v‐src activity was needed for these serum‐deprived cells to complete their cycle and divide. The prereplicative development of quiescent tsLA23‐NRK cells stimulated by serum or PDGF was accompanied by greatly increased protein synthesis and slightly decreased protein degradation, but the pp60v‐src‐stimulated cells progressed through G1 and initiated DNA replication without appreciably affecting the protein synthetic machinery of the cell. The cells stimulated by the mitogenic action of pp60v‐src, like the cells stimulated by serum, needed to activate early prereplicative genes in order to initiate DNA replication. The needed RNA transcripts induced by serum and pp60v‐src were produced with comparable efficiency, although it took longer for pp60v‐src‐stimulated cells to translate these transcripts and to initiate DNA replication, probably because of their unstimulated protein‐synthetic machinery.
Neutralizing Antibodies Inhibit Axonal Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 to Epidermal Cells In Vitro

ABSTRACT The ability of antibodies to interfere with anterograde transmission of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from neuronal axons to the epidermis was investigated in an in vitro model consisting of human fetal dorsal root ganglia innervating autologous skin explants in a dual-chamber tissue culture system. The number and size of viral cytopathic plaques in epidermal cells after axonal transmission from HSV type 1 (HSV-1)-infected dorsal root ganglionic neurons were significantly reduced by addition to the outer chamber of neutralizing polyclonal human sera to HSV-1, of a human recombinant monoclonal group Ib antibody to glycoprotein D (gD), and of rabbit sera to HSV-1 gB and gD but not by rabbit anti-gE or anti-gG. A similar pattern of inhibition of direct infection of epidermal cells by these antibodies was observed. High concentrations of the monoclonal anti-gD reduced transmission by 90%. Rabbit anti-gB was not taken up into neurons, and human anti-gD did not influence spread of HSV in the dorsal root ganglia or axonal transport of HSV antigens when applied to individual dissociated neurons. These results suggest that anti-gD and -gB antibodies interfere with axonal spread of HSV-1, possibly by neutralizing HSV during transmission across an intercellular gap between axonal termini and epidermal cells, and thus contribute to control of HSV spread and shedding. Therefore, selected human monoclonal antibodies to protective epitopes might even be effective in preventing epidermis-to-neuron transmission during primary HSV infection, especially neonatal infection.
Acute rheumatic fever in children in the Ankara area in 1990–1992 and comparison with a previous study in 1980–1989

Two hundred and twenty‐eight patients with acute rheumatic fever (ARF), who were admitted to Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital between January 1990 and November 1992, were evaluated. Compared with the 1980s, an increase in the frequency of the disease was observed. The majority of patients (56.5%) were between 9 and 12 years old and 36.8% were admitted in winter. One hundred patients had arthritis only, 59 carditis and 40 chorea; 5 had carditis and chorea and 24 had arthritis and carditis. Nineteen percent of patients had a history of a previous attack. Seven of 84 patients with carditis had congestive heart failure and 2 had pericarditis. Cardiomegaly was present in 36 patients. The mitral valve was affected in 77 patients, tricuspid valve in I patient and both miral and aortic valves in 6 patients. One patient died as a result of severe congestive cardiac failure. Twenty‐one patients had a recurrent attack. We observed that ARF is still a significant cause of morbidity in our country. As the disease is preventable by the eradication of streptococcus, we conclude that more effort should be made in the early detection and treatment of streptococcal infections.
Service Guarantees for the LBR Class of Service Disciplines

We define a class of rate-based service disciplines called Lower-Bounded Rate (LBR) that provides upper bounds on end-to-end delay, end-to-end delay probability distribution, per-server buf fer space requirements, and the probability distribution of per-server buffer space. This class includes VirtualClock, PGPS, and Leave-in-Time. We prove these upper bounds, and we also prove that for an important subset of the LBR class, in the case of a single server, the proved upper bound on delay is the least upper bound. We show that a session does not need to specify its traf fic behavior to a network composed of LBR servers, since LBR service disciplines allow calculation of the proved service guarantees as a function of solely a session’s own dynamic traf fic behavior. We also show that for a session conforming to a leaky bucket fi lt r, the session’s traf fic that exits its network connection is also leaky bucket constrained.
Successful Treatment of Leukemic Mature B-Cell Lymphoid Neoplasm with Similar Features to Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Possessing Aberrant Myeloid Markers

In splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), there are cases that cannot accurately be classified as such because of overlapping morphologic and/or immunophenotypic features. We report here a 76-year-old Japanese female, who showed leukemic B-cell lymphoproliferative disease possessing characteristic features identified for SMZL. The patient was leukemic with white blood cell counts 49,400/µL (abnormal cells, 78.5%) and neoplastic cells were characterized by aberrant expression of myeloid markers with CD19+CD13+ (64.2%) and CD20+CD11c+ (25.1%). Considering her history of previous chemotherapy and systemic leukemic phase of the disease, we treated the patient without performing splenectomy, with successful use of a combination of rituximab/bendamustine hydrochloride and of rituximab/cladribine. The patient has been in a complete remission longer than 44 months, with no detectable M-protein.
Arabidopsis root K+-efflux conductance activated by hydroxyl radicals: single-channel properties, genetic basis and involvement in stress-induced cell death

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to plant stress response, signalling, development and a multitude of other processes. In this study, the plasma-membrane hydroxyl radical (HR)-activated K+ channel responsible for K+ efflux from root cells during stress accompanied by ROS generation is characterised. The channel showed 16-pS unitary conductance and was sensitive to Ca2+, tetraethylammonium, Ba2+, Cs+ and free-radical scavengers. The channel was not found in the gork1-1 mutant, which lacks a major plasma-membrane outwardly rectifying K+ channel. In intact Arabidopsis roots, both HRs and stress induced a dramatic K+ efflux that was much smaller in gork1-1 plants. Tests with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that NaCl can stimulate HR generation in roots and this might lead to K+-channel activation. In animals, activation of K+-efflux channels by HRs can trigger programmed cell death (PCD). PCD symptoms in Arabidopsis roots developed much more slowly in gork1-1 and wild-type plants treated with K+-channel blockers or HR scavengers. Therefore, similar to animal counterparts, plant HR-activated K+ channels are also involved in PCD. Overall, this study provides new insight into the regulation of plant cation transport by ROS and demonstrates possible physiological properties of plant HR-activated K+ channels.
Genetic Variation in Base Excision Repair Pathway Genes, Pesticide Exposure, and Prostate Cancer Risk

Background: Previous research indicates increased prostate cancer risk for pesticide applicators and pesticide manufacturing workers. Although underlying mechanisms are unknown, evidence suggests a role of oxidative DNA damage. Objectives: Because base excision repair (BER) is the predominant pathway involved in repairing oxidative damage, we evaluated interactions between 39 pesticides and 394 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 31 BER genes among 776 prostate cancer cases and 1,444 male controls in a nested case–control study of white Agricultural Health Study (AHS) pesticide applicators. Methods: We used likelihood ratio tests from logistic regression models to determine p-values for interactions between three-level pesticide exposure variables (none/low/high) and SNPs (assuming a dominant model), and the false discovery rate (FDR) multiple comparison adjustment approach. Results: The interaction between fonofos and rs1983132 in NEIL3 [nei endonuclease VIII-like 3 (Escherichia coli)], which encodes a glycosylase that can initiate BER, was the most significant overall [interaction p-value (pinteract) = 9.3 × 10–6; FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.01]. Fonofos exposure was associated with a monotonic increase in prostate cancer risk among men with CT/TT genotypes for rs1983132 [odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for low and high use compared with no use were 1.65 (0.91, 3.01) and 3.25 (1.78, 5.92), respectively], whereas fonofos was not associated with prostate cancer risk among men with the CC genotype. Carbofuran and S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) interacted similarly with rs1983132; however, these interactions did not meet an FDR < 0.2. Conclusions: Our significant finding regarding fonofos is consistent with previous AHS findings of increased prostate cancer risk with fonofos exposure among those with a family history of prostate cancer. Although requiring replication, our findings suggest a role of BER genetic variation in pesticide-associated prostate cancer risk.
Unravelling the Dark Matter - Dark Energy Paradigm

The standard CDM model of cosmology is usually understood to arise from demanding that the FriedmannLema^ tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric satisfy the General Relativity dynamics for spacetime metrics. The supernovae red-shift data give the FLRW parameter values, = 0:73 and m = 0:27 for the dark energy and dark matter+matter content of the universe. When extended to galactic rotations and cosmology Newtonian dynamics is found to be wanting, and the x-up involves introducing dark matter and dark energy. A dierent the
Computer mediated communication theories and phenomena : Factors that influence collaboration over the Internet

The Internet as a communication and social environment is one of the hot topics in psychology and communication research. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) is an interdisciplinary field that analyses various phenomena that arise from the use of the Internet for human communication. The theories of CMC are briefly outlined in the paper as well as the research findings that support these theories. Various psychosocial phenomena that are related to the use of the Internet are also illustrated. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the impact of the Internet related psychosocial phenomena and of the results of CMC research on collaboration and teamwork over the Internet.
Incidence and Severity of Acute Cellular Rejection in Recipients Undergoing Adult Living Donor or Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation ‡

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) may have better immunological outcomes compared to deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR) after LDLT and DDLT. Data from the adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation (A2ALL) retrospective cohort study on 593 liver transplants done between May 1998 and March 2004 were studied (380 LDLT; 213 DDLT). Median LDLT and DDLT follow‐up was 778 and 713 days, respectively. Rates of clinically treated and biopsy‐proven ACR were compared. There were 174 (46%) LDLT and 80 (38%) DDLT recipients with ≥1 clinically treated episodes of ACR, whereas 103 (27%) LDLT and 58 (27%) DDLT recipients had ≥1 biopsy‐proven ACR episode. A higher proportion of LDLT recipients had clinically treated ACR (p = 0.052), but this difference was largely attributable to one center. There were similar proportions of biopsy‐proven rejection (p = 0.97) and graft loss due to rejection (p = 0.16). Longer cold ischemia time was associated with a higher rate of ACR in both groups despite much shorter median cold ischemia time in LDLT. These data do not show an immunological advantage for LDLT, and therefore do not support the application of unique posttransplant immunosuppression protocols for LDLT recipients.
A Robust Evolutionary Based Digital Image Watermarking Technique in DCT Domain

Digital watermarking techniques are used for the digital right managements and copyright protection. As known, it is a big deal in watermarking systems to make a good trade of between the robustness and imperceptibility. This paper presents a watermarking algorithm in the DCT domain using an evolutionary algorithm to satisfy both of robustness and imperceptibility. We employ a genetic-based algorithm to select pairs in DCT coefficients and insert watermark bit according to mathematical relation between selected coefficients in each 8×8 DCT block of image. The proposed method has been implemented and tested under various attacks including JPEG compression, additive noise distortion, and image filtering. The achieved results show that image remains imperceptible while the watermark survives the attacks especially in case of JPEG compression.
Increased Activity of Lysosomal Acid Hydrolases in the Cell-Free Cerebrospinal Fluid of Bacterial Meningitis

Because inflammation could affect lysosomal enzyme trafficking, resulting in increased enzyme release from the cells, tissue necrosis, or altered blood- and the brain-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, the activity of four lysosomal enzymes in the cell-free CSF of 34 patients with bacterial meningitis, 20 with aseptic meningitis, and 39 control subjects was measured. Activities are expressed in nanomoles of 4-methylumbelliferone/mL/h. The median β-hexosaminidase A activity in bacterial meningitis was 313, in aseptic meningitis it was 173, and in the control subjects it was 175; the median β-hexosaminidase B activity was 417, 165, and 120; the medianα-mannosidase activity was 171, 124, and 113; and the medianβ-glucuronidase activity was 133.7, 14.3, and 10.0, respectively. The difference of the activities of the four enzymes measured between the bacterial meningitis and the controls is significant (p < 0.000). Also, significant is the difference between bacterial and aseptic meningitis(p = 0.005 to <0.000), but it is not significant between aseptic and control subjects. Both the sensitivity and specificity of theβ-glucuronidase activity between bacterial meningitis and control subjects were 100%, whereas the corresponding values between bacterial and aseptic meningitis were 100% and 90%, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between the activities of the enzymes measured and the number of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes or other laboratory characteristics of the CSF. The increased lysosomal enzyme activities in the CSF of patients with meningitis may result from diffusion across the blood-CSF or the brain-CSF barrier or from enzyme leakage through the cell membranes.
Impact of Water Content and Temperature on the Degradation of Cry1Ac Protein in Leaves and Buds of Bt Cotton in the Soil

Determining the influence of soil environmental factors on degradation of Cry1Ac protein from Bt cotton residues is vital for assessing the ecological risks of this commercialized transgenic crop. In this study, the degradation of Cry1Ac protein in leaves and in buds of Bt cotton in soil was evaluated under different soil water content and temperature settings in the laboratory. An exponential model and a shift-log model were used to fit the degradation dynamics of Cry1Ac protein and estimate the DT50 and DT90 values. The results showed that Cry1Ac protein in the leaves and buds underwent rapid degradation in the early stage (before day 48), followed by a slow decline in the later stage under different soil water content and temperature. Cry1Ac protein degraded the most rapidly in the early stage at 35°C with 70% soil water holding capacity. The DT50 values were 12.29 d and 10.17 d and the DT90 values were 41.06 d and 33.96 d in the leaves and buds, respectively. Our findings indicated that the soil temperature was a major factor influencing the degradation of Cry1Ac protein from Bt cotton residues. Additionally, the relative higher temperature (25°C and 35°C) was found to be more conducive to degradation of Cry1Ac protein in the soil and the greater water content (100%WHC) retarded the process. These findings suggested that under appropriate soil temperature and water content, Cry1Ac protein from Bt cotton residues will not persist and accumulate in soil.
WiMAX System Performance in Highly Mobile Scenarios with Directional Antennas

This paper presents a performance evaluation of a WiMAX system (802.16-2004) employing directional antennas in highly mobile applications. A WiMAX physical layer simulator is used together with an appropriate mobile channel model to perform the analysis. Results show that mobile performance is significantly improved when directional antennas are utilised at the mobile end of the link. These antennas reduce the resulting Doppler spread, which in turn increases the channel's coherence time. In a time varying channel, irreducible errors occur as a result of an aging channel estimate. The structure of the channel estimation pilots has a strong impact on performance. Analysis reveals that results are relatively insensitive to the shape of the Power Doppler Profile, but strongly related to the value of the Doppler spread.
Myocardial preconditioning reduces kidney injury and apoptosis induced by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion.

OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury is a common and serious complication of cardiac surgery. Because its underlying mechanisms are unclear, there is no specific therapy to prevent or treat it. A regional transient ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) may provide protection to distant tissue or organs, a phenomenon known as remote preconditioning. In this study, we investigated whether myocardial preconditioning (MPC) would reduce kidney injury and apoptosis induced by myocardial I/R, as well as the mechanisms involved. METHODS Myocardial I/R was induced by a 40-min occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and a 3-h reperfusion in anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. MPC was elicited by two 10-min coronary artery occlusions and two 10-min reperfusions. A sham group received the same surgical procedures without coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, myocardial I/R significantly increased the serum creatinine levels (1.15 ± 0.44 vs 0.54 ± 0.23 mg/dl, P < 0.05, mean ± standard deviation) and renal histological damage, indicating increased kidney injury. Kidney apoptosis was also significantly increased, as evidenced by the increase in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive nuclei, clear DNA laddering and increased caspase-3 activation. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated, as were TNF-α levels in the kidneys. MPC significantly decreased myocardial infarct size (18.5 ± 3.1 vs 25.6 ± 2.1% of area at risk, P < 0.001). Additionally, MPC significantly reduced the serum creatinine level (0.65 ± 0.19 mg/dl, P < 0.05), renal histological damage and apoptosis. The increase in the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6, and of TNF-α in the kidneys, was significantly inhibited. Western blot analysis found that MPC significantly increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax in the kidneys. Phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) was significantly increased. Haemodynamics, area at risk and mortality did not differ significantly among the groups. CONCLUSIONS MPC significantly reduces kidney injury and apoptosis induced by myocardial I/R. The underlying mechanisms might be related to inhibition of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, possibly via inhibition of TNF-α production, modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax and activation of Akt and ERK1/2.
Large Margin Learning in Set-to-Set Similarity Comparison for Person Reidentification

Person reidentification aims at matching images of the same person across disjoint camera views, which is a challenging problem in multimedia analysis, multimedia editing, and content-based media retrieval communities. The major challenge lies in how to preserve similarity of the same person across video footages with large appearance variations, while discriminating different individuals. To address this problem, conventional methods usually consider the pairwise similarity between persons by only measuring the point-to-point distance. In this paper, we propose using a deep learning technique to model a novel set-to-set (S2S) distance, in which the underline objective focuses on preserving the compactness of intraclass samples for each camera view, while maximizing the margin between the intraclass set and interclass set. The S2S distance metric consists of three terms, namely, the class-identity term, the relative distance term, and the regularization term. The class-identity term keeps the intraclass samples within each camera view gathering together, the relative distance term maximizes the distance between the intraclass class set and interclass set across different camera views, and the regularization term smoothes the parameters of the deep convolutional neural network. As a result, the final learned deep model can effectively find out the matched target to the probe object among various candidates in the video gallery by learning discriminative and stable feature representations. Using the CUHK01, CUHK03, PRID2011, and Market1501 benchmark datasets, we extensively conducted comparative evaluations to demonstrate the advantages of our method over the state-of-the-art approaches.