Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF BIRTH DATE ON PLAYING TIME DURING INTERNATIONAL HANDBALL COMPETITIONS, WITH RESPECT TO PLAYING POSITIONS

While a relative age effect (RAE) has been reported in handball, such analyses do not consider actual playing time during competitions, which may actually have more impact on performance in matches. The objective of the present study was to examine the RAE on playing time during international competitions with respect to playing positions. Team compositions (477 players) of the quarter finalists of the 2012 Olympic Games, 2013 World Championships, and 2014 European Championships were analyzed. Month and year of birth where collected in the starting list of each team for center, left and right backs, left and right wings, goalkeepers and pivots. Players were categorized into birth quartile (Q1 Jan–Mar; Q2 Apr–Jun; Q3 Jul– Sep; and Q4 Oct–Dec) and as odd/even year. Playing times were retrieved from official statistics. Data were analyzed for practical significance using magnitude-based inferences. We observed a strong selection bias towards players born earlier within a two-year selection period for all playing positions (Chi-square, p<.001). There was, however, an inconsistent effect of age (i.e. expected, reversed or a lack of it) on actual playing time during competitions. In conclusion, the present study showed for the first time that, despite its large effect on players’ selection, players’ relative age had a limited and position-dependent effect on their actual playing time during top-level competitions. Present findings suggest that the reasons supporting the relative age effect with respect to team selection are at odds with the current utilization of players by coaches in the field.
The Process of Occupational Sex Typing

A system is shown for cooling and sealing gas turbine blade structures and discs. A coolant fluid of a required pressure enters an annular chamber radially outwardly of an annular array of stationary blades. The cooling fluid passes through these stationary blades into an inner annular chamber disposed radially inwardly of the stationary blades. The cooling fluid is permitted to leak out upstream between an upstream seal wall member of the inner annular chamber and a shoulder portion of an upstream rotor disc. The cooling fluid is also permitted to leak out downstream from the inner annular chamber between a downstream seal wall member of the inner annular chamber and a shoulder portion of a downstream rotor disc. The downstream wall member also contains angularly disposed passageways which direct jets of pressurized cooling fluid into ports on the adjacent downstream rotor disc. A portion of both the upstream and downstream wall members is a seal between their respective adjacent rotor discs and the stationary blades. The pressure within the annular chamber and leakage therefrom prevents hot motive fluid contamination therein and the resulting reduction in gas turbine cooling fluid efficiency.
Interpreting 2D gesture annotations in 3D augmented reality

A 2D gesture annotation provides a simple way to annotate the physical world in augmented reality for a range of applications such as remote collaboration. When rendered from novel viewpoints, these annotations have previously only worked with statically positioned cameras or planar scenes. However, if the camera moves and is observing an arbitrary environment, 2D gesture annotations can easily lose their meaning when shown from novel viewpoints due to perspective effects. In this paper, we present a new approach towards solving this problem by using a gesture enhanced annotation interpretation. By first classifying which type of gesture the user drew, we show that it is possible to render the 2D annotations in 3D in a way that conforms more to the original intention of the user than with traditional methods. We first determined a generic vocabulary of important 2D gestures for an augmented reality enhanced remote collaboration scenario by running an Amazon Mechanical Turk study with 88 participants. Next, we designed a novel real-time method to automatically handle the two most common 2D gesture annotations - arrows and circles - and give a detailed analysis of the ambiguities that must be handled in each case. Arrow gestures are interpreted by identifying their anchor points and using scene surface normals for better perspective rendering. For circle gestures, we designed a novel energy function to help infer the object of interest using both 2D image cues and 3D geometric cues. Results indicate that our method outperforms previous approaches by better conveying the meaning of the original drawing from different viewpoints.
Histological examination of frozen autograft treated by liquid nitrogen removed after implantation a study of six cases

*KURAに登録されているコンテンツの利用については,著作権法に規定されている私的使用や引用などの範囲内で行ってください。 *著作権法に規定されている私的使用や引用などの範囲を超える利用を行う場合には,著作権者の許諾を得てください。 ただし,著作権者 から著作権等管理事業者(学術著作権協会,日本著作出版権管理システムなど)に権利委託されているコンテンツの利用手続については ,各著作権等管理事業者に確認してください。 Title Histological examination of frozen autograft treated by liquid nitrogen removed after implantation Author(s) Tanzawa, Yoshikazu; Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki; Shirai, Toshiharu; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Zen, Yoh; Tomita, Katsuro Citation Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 14(6): 761-768
What is known about melatonin, chemotherapy and altered gene expression in breast cancer

Melatonin, synthesized in and released from the pineal gland, has been demonstrated by multiple in vivo and in vitro studies to have an oncostatic role in hormone-dependent tumors. Furthermore, several clinical trials point to melatonin as a promising adjuvant molecule to be considered for cancer treatment. In the past few years, evidence of a broader spectrum of action of melatonin as an antitumor agent has arisen; thus, melatonin appears to also have therapeutic effects in several types of hormone-independent cancer, including ovarian, leukemic, pancreatic, gastric and non-small cell lung carcinoma. In the present study, the latest findings regarding melatonin molecular actions when concomitantly administered with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy in cancer were reviewed, with a particular focus on hormone-dependent breast cancer. Finally, the present study discusses which direction should be followed in the next years to definitely clarify whether or not melatonin administration could protect against non-desirable effects (such as altered gene expression and post-translational protein modifications) caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments. As treatments move towards personalized medicine, comparative gene expression profiling with and without melatonin may be a powerful tool to better understand the antitumor effects of melatonin, the pineal gland hormone.
A multidimensional examination of slack and its impact on innovation.

The concepts of organizational slack and innovation are central elements in the strategic management literature. Innovation in particular has received a great deal of attention in the recent past (Hitt et al., 1996; Hitt et al, 1997; Stuart, 2000). The focus of researchers on innovation has stemmed from its importance in creating competitive advantage through organizational adaptation and product development (Hitt et al., 1996; Sorenson, 2000). The concept of organizational slack has also recently received attention (Cheng and Kesner, 1997; Greenley and Oktemgil, 1998; Palmer and Wiseman, 1999) because of its ability to buffer firms from shortages of funds as well as its potential to foster innovation (Bourgeois, 1981; Cyert and March, 1963). It has also been argued, however, that organizational slack is wasteful, inefficient, and accumulates due to the self-serving interests of managers (Jensen and Meckling, 1976; Nohria and Gulati, 1996; Simon, 1957). These arguments were synthesized by Nohria and Gulati (1996), who argue that the extent of slack within the firm impacts the firm's level of innovation. In their study it was hypothesized that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between slack and innovation. In other words, they suggested that as slack increases, innovation increases as well. However, at some point excess slack will actually reduce innovation because it allows for undisciplined investment in RD Bromiley, 1991; Cheng and Kesner, 1997; Palmer and Wiseman, 1999). It is expected that the results of this study will serve to complement the findings of Nohria and Gulati (1996), while providing for a more fine-grained insight into the relationship between slack and innovation. In the paragraphs that follow the definitions of organizational slack and innovation will first be presented. Secondly, the literature involving slack and innovation will be addressed, followed by the development of the hypotheses of interest. Next, the methodological procedures used to test the hypotheses will be described. Finally, the results of the analyses will be presented and the implications and limitations of the findings will be discussed. Slack and Innovation Slack has been defined in the literature in many ways. For example, Cyert and March defined slack as "the disparity between the resources available to the organization and the payments required to maintain the coalition" (1963: 36). Similarly, Dimmick and Murray defined slack as "those resources which an organization has acquired which are not committed to a necessary expenditure. …
Donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND Agitation is a common and distressing symptom in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors improve cognitive outcomes in such patients, but the benefits of these drugs for behavioral disturbances are unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned 272 patients with Alzheimer's disease who had clinically significant agitation and no response to a brief psychosocial treatment program to receive 10 mg of donepezil per day (128 patients) or placebo (131 patients) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in the score on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) (on a scale of 29 to 203, with higher scores indicating more agitation) at 12 weeks. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the effects of donepezil and those of placebo on the basis of the change in CMAI scores from baseline to 12 weeks (estimated mean difference in change [the value for donepezil minus that for placebo], -0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.35 to 4.22). Twenty-two of 108 patients (20.4%) in the placebo group and 22 of 113 (19.5%) in the donepezil group had a reduction of 30% or greater in the CMAI score (the value for donepezil minus that for placebo, -0.9 percentage point; 95% CI, -11.4 to 9.6). There were also no significant differences between the placebo and donepezil groups in scores for the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale, or the Clinician's Global Impression of Change. CONCLUSIONS In this 12-week trial, donepezil was not more effective than placebo in treating agitation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00142324 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Phylogenetic associations of ISAa1 and IS150-like insertion sequences in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

The distribution and number of two insertion sequences (ISs), ISAa1 and an IS150-like element, in the genomes of a collection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains previously subjected to population genetic analysis were determined to obtain information about their stability and biological significance. The hybridization patterns revealed that these IS elements are widespread in the genome of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains and that their occurrence agrees with the overall population structure of the species. While the patterns of ISAa1 showed significant evolutionary stability, the IS150-like element showed evidence of intra-genomic variability even within members of the previously identified high-toxicity JP2 clone. Searching of the available genome sequence of strain HK1651 of the JP2 clone (www.genome.ou.edu/act.html) revealed close proximity of the IS elements to housekeeping genes, but no evidence of structural disruption of genes or integrations that may be presumed to influence pathogenic potential.
Co-agglomeration of knowledge-intensive business services and multinational enterprises

It has been argued that the relationship between knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and multinational enterprises (MNEs) within the regional economy is advantageous for urban and regional dynamics. It is likely that KIBS aim to locate proximate to (internationally operating) MNEs because of agglomeration externalities. The impact of MNEs on the birth of KIBS has rarely been examined, and the research on the new formation of KIBS has mainly adopted a case study approach, thus limiting the opportunity for generalization. We have taken a more quantitative approach using a continuous space framework to test whether proximity is important for the co-location of KIBS and MNEs in the metropolitan area of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Our results, controlled for other location factors, indicate that KIBS are co-agglomerated with MNEs and that the presence of a MNE significantly influences the birth of KIBS nearby, but the effect on such start-ups is considerably smaller than the positive effect of the presence of already established KIBS. We discuss the implications for urban and regional development strategies and policy initiatives.
Possible signal for critical point in hadronization process

We argue that recent data on fluctuations observed in heavy ion collisions show non-monotonic behaviour as function of number of participants (or "wounded nucleons") N_W. When interpreted in thermodynamical approach this result can be associated with a possible structure occuring in the corresponding equation of state (EoS). This in turn could be further interpreted as due to the occurence of some characteristic points (like "softest point" or "critical point") of EoS discussed in the literature and therefore be regarded as a possible signal of the QGP formation in such collisions. We show, however, that the actual situation is still far from being clear and calls for more investigations of fluctuation phenomena in multiparticle production processes to be performed.
Cigarette smoking and male lung cancer risk with special regard to type of tobacco.

BACKGROUND The mortality rate from lung cancer (LC) increased sharply in Spain between 1957 and 1986. This increase has been related to a previous increase in cigarette smoking. Certain features of cigarette smoking which were frequent among Spanish smokers (use of black tobacco and use of cigarettes without filter) have been related to a higher risk of LC. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted between December 1986 and June 1990. The 325 male patients with lung cancer included in the study (cases) were compared with 325 age-matched male controls without LC. Occupation and lifetime tobacco consumption were requested using a structured questionnaire. The LC odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were estimated with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Lung cancer risk increased with cigarette consumption and duration of the habit. After adjusting for lifetime cigarette consumption and for socioeconomic level, LC risk was greater among black tobacco smokers than among exclusive blond tobacco smokers (OR = 5.0, 95% CI: 2.0-12.7); LC risk among long-term (> or =20 years) filter-tipped cigarette users was lower compared to all other smokers (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.7). CONCLUSIONS The main results of the study (a higher LC risk among black tobacco users than in exclusive blond tobacco users, and a lower LC risk among long-term filter-tipped cigarette smokers than all other smokers) have been consistent with previous case-control studies and with ecologic studies which took into account past exposure levels.
MicroRNA-200 Family Members Differentially Regulate Morphological Plasticity and Mode of Melanoma Cell Invasion

Background A functional role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in neoplasia and metastasis is becoming clear, and the miR-200 family has received much attention for potentially regulating tumor progression. The miRNAs of this family have been shown to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and their down-regulation in some tumors promotes invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, while miR-200 is down-regulated in some cancers, it is up-regulated in others. Principal Findings We show that levels of miR-200 are increased in melanoma cell lines compared to normal melanocytes and that miR-200 family members play a role in determining modes of tumor cell migration. Individual tumor cells can invade in either elongated, “mesenchymal-type” or rounded, “amoeboid-like” modes and these two modes of invasion are inter-convertible [1]. In melanoma cell lines, expression of miR-200 members does not suppress invasion but rather leads to a switch between modes of invasion. MicroRNA-200c results in a higher proportion of cells adopting the rounded, amoeboid-like mode of invasion, while miR-200a results in a protrusion-associated elongated mode of invasion. Functional target identification studies suggest that the morphological effects of miR-200c may be mediated by reduced expression of MARCKS, which has been linked to formation of cell protrusions. In contrast miR-200a reduces actomyosin contractility, a feature of rounded morphology. Significance Overall our findings call into question the general role of miR-200 in suppressing invasion and metastasis, and highlight novel distinguishing characteristics of individual miR-200 family members.
Classifying spectra of saturated fusion systems

The assignment of classifying spectra to saturated fusion systems was suggested by Linckelmann and Webb and has been carried out by Broto, Levi and Oliver. A more rigid (but equivalent) construction of the classifying spectra is given in this paper. It is shown that the assignment is functorial for fusion-preserving homomorphisms in a way which extends the assignment of stable p‐completed classifying spaces to finite groups, and admits a transfer theory analogous to that for finite groups. Furthermore the group of homotopy classes of maps between classifying spectra is described, and in particular it is shown that a fusion system can be reconstructed from its classifying spectrum regarded as an object under the stable classifying space of the underlying p‐group. 55R35; 20D20, 55P42
HRM and Asian socialist economies in transition: China, Vietnam, and North Korea

This unique and path-breaking Handbook explores the issue of comparative human resource Management (HRM) and challenges the notion that there can be a 'one best way' to manage HRM. The Handbook of Research on Comparative Human Resource Management provides a theoretical, practical and regional analysis of comparative HRM. This book, edited by two specialists on comparative HRM and written by leading experts on each topic and from each region, explores the range of different approaches to conceptualizing HRM, and highlight HRM policy and practice that occur in the various regions of the world. As such, the volume provides a challenge to the typical assumptions that there are consistent problems in managing human resources around the globe that call for standardized solutions. Instead, the contributors emphasize the importance of institutional and cultural factors that make HRM a most context-sensitive management task. Offering a comprehensive view for readers with different interests, this insightful Handbook will prove to be an essential resource for academics, researchers and postgraduate students in international business, business administration, HRM, socio-economics and cross-cultural management. Practitioners interested in the cultural aspects of HRM will also find this Handbook to be of invaluable interest
Are Larger Treasury Issues More Liquid? Evidence from Bill Reopenings

This paper makes use of a natural experiment of the U.S. Treasury Department to examine the relationship between Treasury security issue size and liquidity. Treasury bills that were first issued with 52 weeks to maturity and then "reopened" at 26 weeks are shown to be more liquid than comparable maturity bills that were first issued with 26 weeks to maturity. The relationship is less pronounced when bills are "on-the-run" (the most recently auctioned bills of a given maturity) than when they are "off-the-run," and persists when controlling for other factors that affect liquidity. The reopened bills are found to have higher yields (lower prices) than comparable maturity bills, showing that the indirect liquidity benefits of reopenings are more than offset by the direct supply costs.
Mossy fiber sprouting, hippocampal damage and spontaneous recurrent seizures in pentylenetetrazole kindling rat model.

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the correlations among hippocampal damage, spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), and mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model. METHODS Chronic epileptic model was established by administration of PTZ. Behaviour and EEG seizure activity were recorded. Rats' hippocampus were analyzed with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain for histological lesions and evaluated for MFS with Timm stain. RESULTS Prominent MFS was observed in area CA3 rather than the inner molecular layer in PTZ treated rats and the degree of MFS progressed with the development of behavioral kindled seizures. MFS preceded the occurrence of spontaneous seizures. No obvious neuronal necrosis and loss were observed in different regions of the hippocampus during kindling progression. CONCLUSION MFS is not the outcome of SRS. Severe hippocampal damage is not required in the development of MFS and SRS.
Evolutionary Programming using a mixed strategy with incomplete information

Evolutionary Programming (EP) has been modified in various ways. In particular, modifications of the mutation operator have been proved to be capable of significantly improving the performance of EP. However, while each of proposed mutation operators (e.g. Gaussian mutation and Cauchy mutation) may be suitable for solving certain types of problem, none of them are suitable for all problems. Mixed strategies have therefore been proposed in order to combine the advantages of different operators. The design of a mixed strategy is currently based on the premise that complete and perfect information is held for each mutation operator in the mixed strategy such that the payoff functions to each pure strategy are common knowledge. This paper presents a modified mixed strategy (IMEP) involving a process with incomplete information. Experimental results show that IMEP outperforms pure strategy algorithms in spite of the lack of information. The experiments also show that the results are similar to those generated by the original algorithm, which was complete information.
Functional extension of structural logic optimization techniques

This work provides a generalization of structural logic optimization methods to general Boolean networks. With this generalization, the nodes of the network are no longer restricted to simple gates and can be functions of any size. Within this framework, we present necessary and sufficient conditions to identify all the possible functional expansions of a node that allow one to eliminate a wire elsewhere in the network. These conditions are also given for the case of multiple variable expansion, providing an incremental mechanism to perform functional transformations involving any number of variables that can be applied in a very efficient manner. On the other band, we will show in this paper that relevant simplifications can be obtained when this framework is applied to the particular case of AND-OR-NOT networks, resulting in important savings in the computational effort. When compared to previous approaches, the experimental results show an important reduction in the number of computations required.