Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bed load equations using field measured bed load and bed material load

ABSTRACT Bed load transport can be determined by direct measurement of bed load being transported by a stream. In India, measurement of bed load is rarely done. In the present study, bed load has been measured by unequal width incremental method using United States Geological Survey (USGS) bed load sampler (Modified-Helley–Smith bed load sampler) and bed material has been measured using scoop type sampler for the Ver stream in Mandvi region of Surat, Gujarat, India. From the field measurements and analysis, it is seen that the Ver stream has dominance of bed load transport with a Rouse number higher than 2.5 for all the selected cross sections. The measured average bed load transport rate is found to be 7.77 t/day. The measured bed load transport rate has been tested using two prominent bed load models. In 1950 Brown proposed the reach averaged approach which was augmented and supported by Recking in 2013. Both Brown's and Recking's reach averaged approaches have been used for computing bed load of Ver stream using particle size of bed load and bed material. Bed load computed using Recking's approach matches well with the observed bed load while Brown's model over-predicted bed load transport rate using bed load particle size. Overall, Recking's reach-averaged approach performs well using bed load particle size and bed material particle size.
Reprocessing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries: II. Systems with a giant component ?

Received date; accepted date Abstract. By reanalyzing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of a large sample of spectroscopic binaries containing a giant, we obtain a sample of 29 systems fulfilling a carefull y derived set of constraints and hence for which we can derive an accurate orbital solution. Of these, one is a double-lined s pectroscopic binary and six were not listed in the DMSA/O section of the catalogue. Using our solutions, we derive the masses of the components in these systems and statistically analyze them. We also briefly discuss each system individually.
Interprocedural Static Single Assignment Form

In this paper we describe interprocedural static single assignment form (ISSA) with optimizations as implemented in the Bauhaus project. We explain our framework which uses an abstract program representation enabling us to use different pointer analyses ranging from fast but imprecise to slow but precise ones. Our implementation includes the computation of (may and must) side effects and optimizations like pruning definitions with simple linear-time algorithms. This paper also provides comprehensive test results and statistics for a large test suite.
Convection in Thin Shells of Icy Satellites: Effects of Latitudinal Surface Temperature Variations

We use three‐dimensional numerical experiments of thin shell convection to explore what effects an expected latitudinal variation in solar insolation may have on a convection. We find that a global flow pattern of upwelling equatorial regions and downwelling polar regions, linked to higher and lower surface temperatures (Ts), respectively, is preferred. Due to the gradient in Ts, boundary layer thicknesses vary from equatorial lows to polar highs, and polar oriented flow fields are established. A Hadley cell‐type configuration with two hemispheric‐scale convective cells emerges with heat flow enhanced along the equator and suppressed poleward. The poleward transport pattern appears robust under a range of basal and mixed heating, isoviscous and temperature‐dependent viscosity, vigor of convection, and different degrees of Ts variations. Our findings suggest that a latitudinal variation in Ts is an important effect for convection within the thin ice shells of the outer satellites, becoming increasingly important as solar luminosity increases. Variable Ts models predict lower heat flow and a more compressional regime near downwellings at higher latitudes, and higher heat flow and a more extensional regime near the equator. Within the ice shell, Hadley style flow could lead to large‐scale anisotropic ice properties that might be detectable with future seismic or electro‐magnetic observations.
Social problems that limit participation in recreation activities among rural residents

ABSTRACT Rural residents are often impacted by social problems within their communities that can negatively affect their health and recreation participation. The purpose of this paper was to examine community leaders’ perceptions of the challenges to implementing recreation programs for residents living in a Western rural community in the United States that promote positive health and well-being. Semi-structured interviews with community leaders were used to examine the study’s purpose. The findings indicated that not having affordable recreation opportunities, racial tensions and a heightened sense of apathy affected the recreation patterns of community residents. However, the community leaders felt that addressing these social problems could improve the recreation opportunities and the health of the residents.
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

• Two siblings with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome showed striking homotypism and homochronism. Neuropathologic examination and electron microscopic studies were done; neutron activation analysis showed an increase in the uptake of iron in the basal ganglia. Of particular relevance is the application of radioactive iron studies in the clinical course of this syndrome. These studies disclosed an increase in the uptake of iron in the area of the basal ganglia in one sibling and in another isolated patient. This procedure will be helpful toward the clinical diagnosis.
Visual–Tactile Fusion for Object Recognition

The camera provides rich visual information regarding objects and becomes one of the most mainstream sensors in the automation community. However, it is often difficult to be applicable when the objects are not visually distinguished. On the other hand, tactile sensors can be used to capture multiple object properties, such as textures, roughness, spatial features, compliance, and friction, and therefore provide another important modality for the perception. Nevertheless, effective combination of the visual and tactile modalities is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we develop a visual–tactile fusion framework for object recognition tasks. This paper uses the multivariate-time-series model to represent the tactile sequence and the covariance descriptor to characterize the image. Further, we design a joint group kernel sparse coding (JGKSC) method to tackle the intrinsically weak pairing problem in visual–tactile data samples. Finally, we develop a visual–tactile data set, composed of 18 household objects for validation. The experimental results show that considering both visual and tactile inputs is beneficial and the proposed method indeed provides an effective strategy for fusion.
Determination of the transcription initiation site and identification of the protein product of the regulatory gene xylR for xyl operons on the TOL plasmid

The xylR gene is a regulatory gene on the TOL plasmid, which acts in a positive manner on xyl operons for degradation of toluene and xylenes in Pseudomonas putida. A DNA fragment containing the xylR promoter region was cloned on promoter-probing vectors, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The transcription initiation site of the xylR gene was determined in cells of P. putida and Escherichia coli by S1 nuclease and reverse transcriptase mapping. Two initiation sites were detected which were identical in both P. putida and E. coli. The amounts of mRNA synthesized in both bacterial cells were almost the same and independent of the inducers for xyl operons. The consensus sequences for E. coli promoters were found in the region preceding the respective transcription initiation sites. The product of the xylR gene was identified by the maxicell system as a protein with an approximate molecular weight of 67,000.
Towards Competent Systems in Early Childhood Education and Care. Implications for Policy and Practice

The close connection between the quality of provision for young children and professionaliation of the field has long been supported by international research. That the two are inseparable aspects of one picture is beginning to become accepted at European policy level, as evident in recent high level EU policy documents. This article explores the reciprocal relationship between quality and professionalisation, drawing on the findings of the study on ‘competence requirements in early childhood education and care’ (CoRe), jointly conducted by the University of East London and the University of Gent, and funded by the European Commission. Based on a review of literature in several European languages and data from a 15-country survey and seven in-depth case studies, CoRe has identified systemic conditions for a professionalisation of the entire early childhood system, beyond the formal qualification levels of individual practitioners. The article argues for a critical and systemic reconceptualisation of professional practice in a competent system.
Multiple Subcategories Parts-Based Representation for One Sample Face Identification

Small sample set, occlusion, and illumination variations are the critical obstacles for a face identification system towards practical application. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic generative model for parts-based data representation to address these difficulties. In our approach, multiple subcategories corresponding to the individual face parts, such as nose, mouth, eye, and so forth, are modeled within a probabilistic graphical model framework to mimic the process of generating a face image. The induced face representation, therefore, encodes rich discriminative information. Model training is totally unsupervised. Once the training is completed, a test sample from the face class can be recognized as a novel combination of learned parts. In summary, the main contributions of this work are threefold: 1) A novel hierarchical probabilistic generative model is proposed, which is capable of achieving an efficient parts-based representation for robust face identification. 2) A constrained variational EM algorithm is developed to learn the model parameters and infer the variables. 3) Two similarity metrics are specially designed for the novel parts-based feature representation, which are effective for matching score guided one sample face identification. The models and similarity metrics are validated on three face databases. Experimental results demonstrate the capabilities of the model to deal with small sample set, occlusions, and illumination variances.
Accuracy of Bayley scores as outcome measures in trials of neonatal therapies.

Accuracy of Bayley Scores as Outcome Measures in Trials of Neonatal Therapies Long-term follow-up of extremely preterm infants is essential because the proportion of infants who survive is increasing while neurodevelopmental impairment rates remain high.1 Psychometric tests, such as the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III),2 are commonly used to measure early childhood outcomes in obstetric and neonatal randomized trials.3,4 However, the composite scores on psychometric tests can be inaccurate because of administrative and technical errors. To determine the magnitude of this problem, we performed a post hoc review of all errors detected by central source document verification of Bayley-III assessments during the 18-month follow-up of the Canadian Oxygen Trial (COT). 5 Methods | Extremely preterm COT participants in 25 centers in 6 countries were randomly assigned to 2 oxygen saturation target ranges. The primary outcome at a corrected age of 18 to 21 months was death or survival with neurodevelopmental disability. Cognitive or language composite scores of less than 85 on the Bayley-III scales were included in the primary outcome.5 The research ethics boards of all clinical centers approved the protocol, and written informed consent was obtained from a parent or guardian of every study infant.
Results and impact of routine assessment of comorbidity in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer aged > 80 years.

BACKGROUND Elderly patients now represent a bigger proportion of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, data from clinical trials are limited for this age group, and the elderly are often excluded from optimal treatment for several reasons, including comorbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed a 10-year experience on proven patients with NSCLC aged > 80 years; comorbidity was assessed using the Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI). The main objective was the impact of comorbidity on survival outcome. RESULTS Of 109 managed patients aged > 80 years, 74 patients had a proven diagnosis of NSCLC. Performance status was < 2 in 58 patients and TNM classification of malignant tumors was I-II, IIIA-IIIB, and IV in 18, 27, and 29 patients, respectively. Comorbidity was present for 49 patients. Charlson Comorbidity Index ranged from 4 to 12 with 31 patients having a CCI >or= 6. Sixteen patients received supportive care only, whereas 23 patients were operated on, 12 received radiation therapy, and 23 had chemotherapy. Eight grade 3/4 toxicities were reported (3 patients discontinued treatment). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the risk of death for patients with a poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (hazard ratio, 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.36; P = 0.007) and an advanced TNM stage (hazard ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.99-5.5; P < 0.00001). Although statistic significance was not reached, a difference in overall survival was shown between patients with a CCI < 6 and CCI >or= 6 (12.2 months vs. 8.2 months; P = 0.08). CONCLUSION These results support a role for the CCI as a routine means to assess comorbidity, because patients with fewer comorbidities tolerate and derive survival benefit of optimal NSCLC management. These findings must be confirmed in prospective studies.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Perforin in Lichen Planus Lesions

Abstract Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory papulosquamous skin disease characterized by epidermal basal cell damage and a particular band-like infiltrate predominantly of T cells in the upper dermis. It is characterized by the formation of colloid bodies representing apoptotic keratinocytes. The apoptotic process mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells mainly involves two distinct pathways: the perforin/granzyme pathway and the Fas/FasL pathway. So far, little is known regarding the role of perforin-mediated apoptosis in LP. Aim: Is to study the expression and distribution of perforin in the epidermis and dermis of lesional LP skin. Materials and methods: Skin biopsy specimens from lesional skin of 31 patients with LP and 10 healthy persons were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Significant accumulation of perforin + cells was found in both epidermis and dermis of LP lesions compared with healthy skin. Perforin expression was significantly upregulated in the epidermis of LP lesions. Conclusion: Accumulation of perforin + cells in the epidermis of LP lesions suggest a potential role of perforin in the apoptosis of basal keratinocytes.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Practices, and Possible Barriers among Healthcare Providers regarding Medical Waste Management in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background Improper handling of medical wastes, which is common in Bangladesh, could adversely affect the hospital environment and community at large, and poses a serious threat to public health. We aimed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding medical waste management (MWM) among healthcare providers (HCPs) and to identify possible barriers related to it. Material/Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out during June to September, 2012 including 1 tertiary, 3 secondary, and 3 primary level hospitals in Dhaka division, Bangladesh through 2-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected from 625 HCPs, including 245 medical doctors, 220 nurses, 44 technologists, and 116 cleaning staff who were directly involved in MWM using a self-administered (researcher-administered for cleaning staff), semi-structured questionnaire. Results Nearly one-third of medical doctors and nurses and two-thirds of technologists and cleaning staff had inadequate knowledge, and about half of medical doctors (44.0%) and cleaning staff (56.0%) had poor practices. HCPs without prior training on MWM were more likely to have poor practices compared to those who had training. Lack of personal protective equipment, equipment for final disposal, MWM-related staff, proper policy/guideline, and lack of incinerator were identified as the top 5 barriers. Conclusions Strengthening and expansion of ongoing educational programs/training is necessary to improve knowledge and practices regarding MWM. The government should take necessary steps and provide financial support to eliminate the possible barriers related to proper MWM.
Memory for phobia-related words in spider phobics

Abstract Previous work has shown that spider phobics have poor recognition memory for spiders. A parallel effect is demonstrated here for memory for spider words. The first experiment found that spider phobic subjects showed less free recall of spider words than control words. The second experiment confirmed this effect, showing additionally that phobin recall fewer spider words than control subjects, that this occurs only in the context of a live (not a dead) spider, that results at delayed testing paralleled those at immediate testing and that comparable results could be obtained for recognition. Poor recall of spider words was found to be accompanied by a high level of spider-related intrusions. It is suggested that phobic subjects do not encode well exactly which spider words are presented for learning, and so may employ a category-based strategy at recall.
Masculinities Among African American Men: An Intersectional Perspective

This is a report of a qualitative field research study on African American men’s concepts of masculinity using an intersectional perspective. Participants (N 17) from a Midwestern public research university and a nearby barbershop participated in individual and dyadic interviews using a structured questionnaire and filled out a demographic questionnaire. The questions were of 2 types: the first set concerned masculinity-in-general (e.g., What does it mean to be a man? ), whereas the second set concerned the intersection of masculinity with race (e.g., What does it mean to be an African American man? ). A streamlined codes-to-theory approach was used to analyze the data. Results indicated, first, that African American men view their masculinity as a reflection of traditional masculine norms hindered by the systemic barriers resulting from racism. As a result they adopt specific strategies and techniques to deal with the obstacles, in the course of which they construct a culturally unique version of masculinity. Second, results indicated that the African American participants’ views of masculinity consisted of 6 themes, each of which had a number of subthemes: leadership, structural oppression, African American values, traditional masculinity, familial relationships, and self-definition. Results are discussed in terms of connections to prior research, limitations, and future research.
The new biology of dreaming.

Man's wondering about his dreams has been singularly intertwined with the history of psychiatry, and understanding of one has grownpari passuwith that of the other. Whatever sophistication concerning the meaning of dreams thus attained, until very recently our view of dreaming itself remained essentially that granted by common experience. The traditional conception of dreaming, even as it was assumed in Freud's penetrating studies, described an occasional, unpredictable, fleeting, and mysterious psychic anomaly. Over the past decade experimental tools more searching than common experience have begun to amend this traditional conception. This is intended as a cursory review of the amassing evidence which suggests that dreaming is one facet of a substantial, predictable, universal, and basic biological function. Beyond that purpose the rest is speculative flight, striving for some distant glimpse of possible implications of this new conception for psychiatry. Dreaming as an Organismic
Prevalence and determinants of fecal incontinence in premenopausal women in an Arabian community

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, awareness and determinants of fecal incontinence among Qatari women. Method In the cross-sectional community-based study in primary health-care centers, using a multistage sampling design, a representative sample of randomly selected 776 Qatari women aged from 40 to 48 years were approached from January to August 2007; only 596 women, with a response rate of 76.8%, gave consent and were included in the analysis. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing fecal incontinence in the previous 12 months and health care-seeking behavior for fecal symptoms. Fecal incontinence, determined by self-report, was categorized by frequency. Females reported the level of bother of fecal incontinence and their general quality of life. Potential risk factors were assessed by self-report, interview, physical examination, and record review. Results Of the studied Qatari women, 62 (10.4%) were found to have fecal incontinence. There was a significant difference between fecal incontinent and continent groups with regard to menopause (p < 0.0001), surgical repair of genital prolapse (p < 0.0001) and constipation (p < 0.0001). Only 31 incontinent patients (50%) had sought medical advice. Of the fecal incontinent women, 77.4% felt embarrassment in consulting a doctor and 77.4% believed their condition was worth reporting to a doctor. Aging (51.6%) was the major cause of fecal incontinence in women, followed by childbirth (40.3%), then menopause (25.8%) and lastly paralysis (14.5%). Most of the sufferers were troubled by their inability to pray (64.5%). Their relationship with their husband (41.9%) was the significant consequence for fecal incontinent Qatari women (p = 0.02); 37.1% isolated themselves from social activities and going out to shop. Conclusions The study findings revealed that fecal incontinence is a common symptom among women in the community. There was a correlation between fecal incontinence and menopause. Overall, most of the fecal incontinent women reported that fecal incontinence significantly affected quality of life and only half of the studied women had consulted a physician for the symptom.
The Molecular Mechanism of B Cell Activation by toll-like Receptor Protein RP-105

The B cell–specific transmembrane protein RP-105 belongs to the family of Drosophila toll-like proteins which are likely to trigger innate immune responses in mice and man. Here we demonstrate that the Src-family protein tyrosine kinase Lyn, protein kinase C β I/II (PKCβI/II), and Erk2-specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) are essential and probably functionally connected elements of the RP-105–mediated signaling cascade in B cells. We also find that negative regulation of RP-105–mediated activation of MAP kinases by membrane immunoglobulin may account for the phenomenon of antigen receptor–mediated arrest of RP-105–mediated B cell proliferation.