Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extending Textual Models of Deception to Interrogation Settings

Models that detect deception in text typically outperform humans but are limited to single pieces of text created by a single individual. Text from dialogues and wider conversations reflects linguistic influence among the participants, and this intertwining makes it difficult to ascribe deception to any one of them. We address this problem in dialogues, particularly interrogations. by seeking to detect and remove the influence of the language of a question from the language of the response. Surprisingly, this does not work as expected: the response by a deceptive person to certain categories of words in questions is qualitatively different from that of a truthful person. Successful prediction of deception in responses, therefore, requires analysis using the words of both questions and answers. We show that such prediction is indeed effective.
The Politics and Practice of Alternative Teacher Certification

Purpose: Alternative routes to teacher certification, such as California’s Intern Program, have increasingly gained support in the past decade. A significant and growing percentage of all new teachers, close to 30% in California, now enter classrooms through alternative paths and are considered highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. This research examines program designs and market strategies resulting from the subsidies provided to public and private intern programs in California. Research Design: This research is a conceptual analysis of qualitative data from 11 case studies. Findings: Intern programs are created by combining financial subsidies and regulations. An economic theory of subsidized and regulated service provision explains variations in program design and implementation. California’s policy framework produces four distinct intern program designs that depend on program operators’ response to two questions: (a) whether priority goes to serving school districts seeking teachers or to candidates seeking preferred training opportunities and (b) whether programs build on traditional teacher training or seek to substantially alter the nature of credential training. Case data indicate that answering these questions depends on whether public or private teaching colleges and universities, local school districts and county offices of education, or elite research universities are operating the programs. Conclusions: Four distinct training program designs have emerged from the intersection of California regulations and subsidies with the priorities, capacities, and interests of training providers. This study provides guidance regarding what can be expected to happen when service providers adapt state goals, regulations, and subsidies to local conditions to develop training programs.
Nasal bone fracture--ultrasonography or computed tomography?

AIM The aim of the study is to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and utility of high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) in comparison with a gold standard technique in the diagnosis of the nasal fracture. PATIENTS AND METHOD Using a retrospective study design, facial Computed Tomography (CT) and HRUS examinations were performed on 87 consecutive patients with nasal trauma. Ultrasonograms were obtained with a high frequency linear transducer (10 MHz). All patients also underwent facial conventional radiography (CR). The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of nasal fracture was evaluated for HRUS, CT and CR in comparison with the clinical examination. Then sensitivity and specificity of HRUS and CR were evaluated in comparison with CT. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of HRUS, CT and CR in comparison with clinical exam in the diagnosis of nasal bone fracture was 97% and 100%, 86% and 87%, 72% and 73% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of HRUS and CR in detecting fracture line in comparison with CT was 100% respectively 91%, and 79% respectively 95%. CONCLUSION HRUS is a reliable and available method for diagnosis of nasal bone fractures especially in the fracture, which is confined to the nasal bone and can be used as a modality of choice for investigation of nasal fracture.
Nuts as a Replacement for Carbohydrates in the Diabetic Diet

OBJECTIVE Fat intake, especially monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), has been liberalized in diabetic diets to preserve HDL cholesterol and improve glycemic control, yet the exact sources have not been clearly defined. Therefore, we assessed the effect of mixed nut consumption as a source of vegetable fat on serum lipids and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 117 type 2 diabetic subjects were randomized to one of three treatments for 3 months. Supplements were provided at 475 kcal per 2,000-kcal diet as mixed nuts (75 g/day), muffins, or half portions of both. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c. RESULTS The relative increase in MUFAs was 8.7% energy on the full-nut dose compared with muffins. Using an intention-to-treat analysis (n = 117), full-nut dose (mean intake 73 g/day) reduced HbA1c (−0.21% absolute HbA1c units, 95% CI −0.30 to −0.11, P < 0.001) with no change after half-nut dose or muffin. Full-nut dose was significantly different from half-nut dose (P = 0.004) and muffin (P = 0.001), but no difference was seen between half-nut dose and muffins. LDL cholesterol also decreased significantly after full-nut dose compared with muffin. The LDL cholesterol reduction after half-nut dose was intermediate and not significantly different from the other treatments. Apolipoprotein (apo) B and the apoB:apoA1 ratio behaved similarly. Nut intake related negatively to changes in HbA1c (r = −0.20, P = 0.033) and LDL cholesterol (r = −0.24, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Two ounces of nuts daily as a replacement for carbohydrate foods improved both glycemic control and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes.
Are Americans Really in Favor of Interracial Marriage? A Closer Look at When They Are Asked About Black-White Marriage for Their Relatives

This study transcends general opinion reports and uses data from the General Social Survey (GSS) to examine responses on attitudinal questions about how Black and White Americans actually feel about their close relative marrying outside their own race. The results show that more than half (54%) of Black Americans are in favor of their close relative marrying a White person compared with nearly one-in-four (26%) White Americans who said they were in favor of their close relative marrying a Black person. Such results suggest that questions about how individuals feel when close relatives engage into Black-White marriage provide better measures of attitude toward racial exogamy. Logistic regression models are analyzed to determine how socio-demographic factors influence Black and White Americans’ views on interracial marriage of their close relatives.
The reception of global TV in Asia: An assessment of its impact on local cultures

This study examines the impact of global television on local cultures by comparing TV content and audience responses from India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Hong Kong, and Japan. It examines what negative values are portrayed and what local audiences perceive as the impact on their societies. Many of the negative values of global TV identified by these audiences could also be found in local programming. Indeed the display of different values could arguably depend more on a broadcaster's programming strategy than a specific programme's country of origin. In general the respondents did not believe that the negative values identified had any significant effect on local cultures or their own way of life. On the contrary, they perceived many benefits in the exchange of knowledge and culture. The findings indicate that the fear of cultural invasion from global television may not be warranted.
Reintegration into the Community after Head Injury: The Results of an Ethnographic Study

As a result of medical advancements that prolong life and the cultural patterns of Western society, head injury is increasingly a problem for the injured, their families, and medical and social service professionals. This paper reports the findings of an ethnographic study of 21 moderately head-injured persons living in the community and of their social networks. Three fieldwork strategies were used to collect the data: semistructured interviews, participant observation, and documentary review. The data were subjected to thematic and content analysis. A portion of the findings is described in terms of recasting strategies, which are linked to a theoretical concept of loss of self-identity and personhood. The relation of the findings to other research on head injury as well as their relevance to practice and research in occupational therapy are also discussed.
Translation as an Alternative Space for Political Action

This article examines the genesis, dynamics and positioning of activist groups of translators and interpreters who engage in various forms of collective action. The activism of these groups is distinctive in that they use their linguistic skills to extend narrative space and empower voices made invisible by the global power of English and the politics of language. They further recognise that language and translation themselves constitute a space of resistance, a means of reversing the symbolic order. Their use of hybrid language, their deliberate downgrading of English, the constant shuffling of the order and space allocated to different languages on their websites—all this is as much part of their political agenda as their linguistic mediation of texts and utterances produced by others, in their capacity as translators and interpreters. The article examines the positioning of these groups vis-à-vis what Tarrow (2006, p. 16) terms ‘the new generation of global justice activists’ on the one hand, and professional translators and interpreters on the other, and argues that they occupy a ‘liminal’ space between the world of activism and the service economy.
Functional Ecology of the Ciliate Glaucomides bromelicola, and Comparison with the Sympatric Species Bromeliothrix metopoides

We investigated the ecology and life strategy of Glaucomides bromelicola (family Bromeliophryidae), a very common ciliate in the reservoirs (tanks) of bromeliads, assessing its response to food quality and quantity and pH. Further, we conducted competition experiments with the frequently coexisting species Bromeliothrix metopoides (family Colpodidae). In contrast to B. metopoides and many other colpodean ciliates, G. bromelicola does not form resting cysts, which jeopardizes this ciliate when its small aquatic habitats dry out. Both species form bactivorous microstomes and flagellate‐feeding macrostomes. However, only G. bromelicola has a low feeding threshold and is able to adapt to different protist food. The higher affinity to the local bacterial and flagellate food renders it the superior competitor relative to B. metopoides. Continuous encystment and excystment of the latter may enable stable coexistence of both species in their natural habitat. Both are tolerant to a wide range of pH (4–9). These ciliates appear to be limited to tank bromeliads because they either lack resting cysts and vectors for long distance dispersal (G. bromelicola) and/or have highly specific food requirements (primarily B. metopoides).
Academic differentiation, school achievement and school violence in the USA and South Korea

Whilst school violence is a major public concern and a focus of educational reforms both in the USA and South Korea, few studies have comparatively examined the rates of school violence and school factors associated with them. Analysing nationally‐representative data from eighth graders, their mathematics teachers and principals in 150 South Korean schools and in 216 US schools, the authors found that: 1) the rates of school violence are higher in the US than South Korea, 2) student‐reported violence rates are not associated with school‐reported violence rates in both nations and 3) South Korean schools with academic tracking and low‐achieving US schools are more likely to have higher rates of school violence. Policy and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Psychology Students’ Knowledge and Use of Mnemonics

Mnemonics are strategies that can enhance learning and memory of course material. An online survey examined psychology students’ metacognitive awareness and self-reported behaviors regarding mnemonics. Results showed that most participants could define mnemonics, but only a minority could describe the cognitive mechanisms involved. Participants were more familiar with some mnemonics (acronyms and acrostics) compared to others (pegword); further, the most common sources of mnemonics were those created by the students themselves and those provided by the instructors. Usefulness of mnemonics was rated at a moderate level compared to other common study strategies. Finally, the ratings for mnemonics were positive and correlated with independent measures of metacognition as well as psychology course experience. Findings are discussed in the context of increasing mnemonics in psychology education.
Individual Demand for Higher Education: A Review and Analysis of Recent Empirical Studies

Access to higher education has increasingly become a major priority for state and federal policy-makers. Mixtures of student financial aid and low tuition have increasingly been viewed as the means for equalizing access to and choice among institutions of higher education. This paper reviews the recent empirical evidence on the impact of price changes on individual demand for higher education. The evidence suggests that both low tuition and student grants do stimulate increases in enrollment. However, the student aid induced enrollment response is relatively low and the cost per additional student attracted to higher education may be very high.
Protein arginine methylation facilitates KCNQ channel-PIP2 interaction leading to seizure suppression

KCNQ channels are critical determinants of neuronal excitability, thus emerging as a novel target of anti-epileptic drugs. To date, the mechanisms of KCNQ channel modulation have been mostly characterized to be inhibitory via Gq-coupled receptors, Ca2+/CaM, and protein kinase C. Here we demonstrate that methylation of KCNQ by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (Prmt1) positively regulates KCNQ channel activity, thereby preventing neuronal hyperexcitability. Prmt1+/- mice exhibit epileptic seizures. Methylation of KCNQ2 channels at 4 arginine residues by Prmt1 enhances PIP2 binding, and Prmt1 depletion lowers PIP2 affinity of KCNQ2 channels and thereby the channel activities. Consistently, exogenous PIP2 addition to Prmt1+/- neurons restores KCNQ currents and neuronal excitability to the WT level. Collectively, we propose that Prmt1-dependent facilitation of KCNQ-PIP2 interaction underlies the positive regulation of KCNQ activity by arginine methylation, which may serve as a key target for prevention of neuronal hyperexcitability and seizures. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17159. 001
Infected by Arts Festivals: Festival Policy and Audience Experiences in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area

In current policy debates, cities are often seen as “experience machines” in which the quantity and variety of experience possibilities are vital. The Finnish capital, Helsinki, has chosen arts festivals and other events as tools to achieve this aim. This article focuses on the way in which Helsinki's festival policy has developed and analyzes the response of metropolitan residents to the proliferation of arts festivals. The article highlights the importance of artistic quality as something both cultural policy-makers and arts audiences are looking for. Artistic excellence can thus be seen as a major contributor to the success of festivals.
Children Processing Music: Electric Brain Responses Reveal Musical Competence and Gender Differences

Numerous studies investigated physiological correlates of the processing of musical information in adults. How these correlates develop during childhood is poorly understood. In the present study, we measured event-related electric brain potentials elicited in 5and 9-year-old children while they listened to (majorminor tonal) music. Stimuli were chord sequences, infrequently containing harmonically inappropriate chords. Our results demonstrate that the degree of (in) appropriateness of the chords modified the brain responses in both groups according to music-theoretical principles. This suggests that already 5-year-old children process music according to a well-established cognitive representation of the majorminor tonal system and according to music-syntactic regularities. Moreover, we show that, in contrast to adults, an early negative brain response was left predominant in boys, whereas it was bilateral in girls, indicating a gender difference in children processing music, and revealing that children process music with a hemispheric weighting different from that of adults. Because children process, in contrast to adults, music in the same hemispheres as they process language, results indicate that children process music and language more similarly than adults. This finding might support the notion of a common origin of music and language in the human brain, and concurs with findings that demonstrate the importance of musical features of speech for the acquisition of language.
In the name of honor: On virtue, reputation and violence

Honor is implicated in a variety of social psychological processes, including morality, male violence, sexuality and gender, in-group identification, responses to devaluation, and biculturalism. The papers in this Special Issue illustrate the importance of honor in these and other social-psychological processes. In addition, these papers expand and deepen our understanding of honor by presenting research on honor in a diverse array of groups (e.g., the military, law enforcement), relationship contexts (e.g., family relations, romantic relations) and countries (e.g., Afghanistan, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Switzerland). Taken together, the contributions to this Special Issue show honor to be a multifaceted construct that is a core concern of individuals and groups across cultures.
‘Kids who smoke think that they can be adults as well’: Children’s smoking and transitions to adulthood

This article aims to explore the ways in which preadolescents associate smoking with transitions to adulthood, in the context of sociological theories of childhood, using data from the Liverpool Longitudinal Study of Smoking. The research found that at age 9 many of the cohort argued that smoking was more acceptable for adults because they had bigger bodies than children. Some children also suggested that smoking was appropriate for adults because adults were competent to make important decisions and to balance risks. By age 11, when several of the cohort had actually tried smoking, children’s views about the risks smoking posed to their bodies had altered, and many children were aware of smoking-related disease among adults. The cohort also suggested that some children might take up smoking to demonstrate that they are ‘grown up’ too. In the UK, legal restrictions on the age of tobacco purchase are reinforced by social norms that construct smoking as an activity that is only suitable for adults. The goal of legal restrictions that ban the sale of cigarettes to children is to protect their health. The unintended outcome, however, is that for many young people smoking is a way of demonstrating maturity and adult status.
Testing global and specific indicators of rewards in the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model: Does it make any difference?

The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and employee adverse health (i.e., psychosomatic complaints, physical symptoms, and exhaustion). The Effort-Reward Imbalance Model was extended by discriminating three specific rewards separately (i.e., salary, esteem, and job security). A sample of 167 health-care workers was used to test the relationship between ERI (i.e., high effort accompanied with low reward) and employee adverse health with multiple univariate logistic regression analyses. Separate analyses were carried out with a composite reward scale and with each of the three specific reward scales as independent variables. The results indicate that the health outcomes of ERI vary depending on the specific reward that was used. Generally, the most adverse health effects were found for employees who reported both high efforts and low rewards, thus supporting the ERI Model. Moreover, the strongest effects of ERI on employee health were found when esteem was used as a reward indicator. Job security also appeared to be an important reward in this respect, whereas salary did not have strong effects as a result of ERI. Although the ERI Model was merely supported by the results, current findings also indicate it is important to separate different kinds of rewards, especially in health-care work in order to capture the complexity of working with clients as well.
LSTM Neural Reordering Feature for Statistical Machine Translation

Artificial neural networks are powerful models, which have been widely applied into many aspects of machine translation, such as language modeling and translation modeling. Though notable improvements have been made in these areas, the reordering problem still remains a challenge in statistical machine translations. In this paper, we present a novel neural reordering model that directly models word pairs and alignment. By utilizing LSTM recurrent neural networks, much longer context could be learned for reordering prediction. Experimental results on NIST OpenMT12 Arabic-English and Chinese-English 1000-best rescoring task show that our LSTM neural reordering feature is robust and achieves significant improvements over various baseline systems.
Loneliness, Interpersonal Distrust, and Alexithymia in University Students

Loneliness has been linked to emotional knowledge and interpersonal distrust, but it is unknown whether it is mediated or moderated by these variables. Using self-report measures, the relationship between loneliness, interpersonal distrust, and alexithymia was investigated in undergraduate students (N = 224). Analyses showed a direct relationship between alexithymia and social, family, and romantic loneliness. We also found that interpersonal distrust partly mediates this relationship, and that alexithymia and interpersonal distrust interacted to predict social and family loneliness. These findings suggest that links between the different facets of alexithymia, interpersonal distrust, and loneliness are complex and multifaceted, and they are discussed with regard to interventions for young adults.
Gender, Doi Moi and Mangrove Management in Northern Vietnam

Abstract The Vietnamese government’s economic reforms, known as doi moi, have opened up economic opportunities for many, but have not benefited women and men equally. This article examines the different practices of women and men in resource use and management, changes in access to and control over mangrove resources and the conflicts between those who have been able to capture nearly exclusive access and those who lost access as a result of the privatization of coastal aquaculture resources in a village in northern Vietnam. The findings demonstrate that rapid changes in the allocation of private leaseholds in the coastal area and the legalization of private businesses have deprived many poor households of livelihoods dependent on access to mangrove resources. Women-led households, women and girls have been the most adversely affected. Changes in the macro-structure of the state and the economy have not resulted in improvements in all aspects of life in the village. Consequently, there have emerged different processes of differentiation between different classes, groups of women and men and groups of people of different ages in the same village.