Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Heuristic Evaluation of the Facebook's Advertising Tool Beacon

Interface usability is critical to the successful adoption of information systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate interface of Facebook's advertising tool Beacon by using privacy heuristics [4]. Beacon represents an interesting case study because of the negative media and user backlash it received. The findings of heuristic evaluation suggest violation of privacy heuristics [4]. Here, analysis identified concerns about user choice and consent, integrity and security of data, and awareness and notice. Beacon was an innovative tool, therefore, its systematic evaluation was needed in order to identify privacy problems, their causes and subsequent consequences. The study provides useful insights to human computer interaction (HCI) designers of online social networks.
Impaired expression of testicular androgen receptor and collagen fibers in the testis of diabetic rats under HAART: the role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea.

INTRODUCTION Wide spectrum of alterations associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been reported. The current study aimed at evaluating the role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (HH) aqueous extract on the testosterone levels, expression of androgen receptors and collagen fibers in the testes of streptozoto-cin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats under HAART regimen. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (189.0 ± 4.5 g) were divided into eight groups (8 animals in each treatment groups and 6 rats in the control group). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperi-toneal injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg bw) followed by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bw) and the animals were then subjected to various treatments with HAART, HH extract or melatonin. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected to measure serum testosterone levels. Testes were fixed in buffered formaldehyde and paraffin processed. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and collagen fibers were visualized by Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS Serum testosterone level was drastically (p < 0.0001) reduced in all rats with induced diabetes. In the testis of diabetic rats increased collagen fibers deposition with varying derangements in germinal epithelium of spermatogenic layers were observed. Intertubular hemorrhages and absence of spermatozoa were also noted in the testes of diabetic rats subjected to HAART. Reduced immunoexpression of ARs was found in the nuclei of Sertoli cells and the cytoplasm of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in III-IV stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle of diabetic animals treated with different dosages of HH alone and those treated with HAART concomitantly with melatonin and HH. The expression of ARs was almost negative in the testes of rats treated with HAART alone. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant treatment of rats with aqueous HH extract during the HAART did not change se-rum testosterone level nor mitigate the altered expression of collagen fibers and androgen receptor resulting from STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Therefore, anti-diabetic properties of Hypoxis extract require further investigation.
Techniques, Perception, and Applications of Time-Compressed Speech

1 Abstract There are a variety of techniques for time-compressing speech that have been developed over the last four decades. This paper consists of a review of the literature on methods for time-compressing speech, including related perceptual studies of intelligibility and comprehension. The primary motivation for time-compressed speech is for reducing the time needed for a user to listen to a message—to increase the communication capacity of the ear. A secondary motivation is that of data reduction—to save storage space and transmission bandwidth for speech messages. Time-compressed speech can be used in a variety of application areas including teaching, aids to the disabled, and human-computer interfaces. Studies have indicated that listening to teaching materials twice that have been speeded up by a factor of two is more effective than listening to them once at normal speed [Sti69]. Time-compressed speech has been used to speed up message presentation in voice mail systems [Hej90, Max80], and in aids for the blind. Speech can be slowed for learning languages, or for the hearing impaired. Time compression techniques have also been used in speech recognition systems to time normalize input utterances to a standard length [Mal79]. While the utility of time compressing recordings is generally recognized, surprisingly, its use has not become pervasive. Rippey performed an informal study on users of a time-compression tape player installed in a university library. Virtually all the comments were positive, and the librarians reported that the speech compressor was the most popular piece of equipment in the library [Rip75]. The lack of commercial acceptance of time-compressed speech is partly because of the cost of compression devices and the quality of the reproduced speech, but is also attributable to the lack of user control. Traditionally, recordings were reproduced at fixed compression ratios where " : : : the rate of listening is completely paced by the recording and is not controllable by the listener. Consequently , the listener cannot scan or skip sections of the recording in the same manner as visually scanning printed text, nor can the listener slow down difficult-to-understand portions of the recording " [Por78]. Powerful computer workstations with speech input/output capabilities make high quality time-compressed speech readily available. It is now practical to integrate speech time-compression techniques into interactive voice applications , and the software infrastructure of workstations, portable, and hand-held computers to provide user interfaces for high-speed listening. 3 Considerations There are three variables …
Phenomenology and Sports Psychology: Back To The Things Themselves!

It is argued that the increasing interest in the use of phenomenological methods in sport psychology could help rescue research in this area from its current obsession with measurement and prediction. Phenomenology proceeds from a very different set of philosophical assumptions from the natural science approach that underlies most research and practice in sport psychology. Phenomenology insists that psychology should focus on meaning and investigate the essence of human experience. The concept of anxiety occupies a central position within phenomenological perspectives in psychology. This paper examines the experience of anxiety in sport by drawing on applied sport psychology work undertaken with professional footballers in the English Premier League (EPL). The phenomenology of anxiety is considered by distinguishing between May's psychological account and Heidegger's philosophical perspective. Anxiety is viewed positively by both philosophical and psychological phenomenology due to its links to the idea of authenticity. This is discussed in depth in the paper and consideration will be given to how this connects to important sources of meaning and identity in sport, such as spirituality and religious belief.
Development of cabozantinib for the treatment of prostate cancer

Cabozantinib (XL184) is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase with predominantly MET and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition properties. It is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. The agent has a convenient once-daily oral dosing schedule and has demonstrated encouraging activity in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). A Phase I/II trial demonstrated responses in soft tissue, visceral disease, and bone metastases in CRPC. An objective response rate of 5%, a stable disease rate of 75%, and a median progression-free survival of 6 months was observed. As compared with the 140 mg daily dose used in thyroid cancer, a lower dose of 60 mg daily is currently being utilized in prostate cancer studies due to the fact that toxicity could be reduced without compromising efficacy. Randomized trials are ongoing in comparison with prednisone or with mitoxantrone and prednisone in pretreated metastatic CRPC. Cabozantinib has demonstrated a unique mechanism of action and preliminary efficacy in the crowded therapeutic field of prostate cancer. Since multiple therapies have recently demonstrated overall survival benefit in metastatic CRPC, cabozantinib will likely face some challenges in clinical application. At present, in this rapidly evolving field, it is unclear what proportion of patients with prostate cancer will be eligible to receive this therapy. The cost of cabozantinib is likely to be another deterrent, especially if it remains more expensive than other oral therapies, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide. Defining the role of MET overexpression and RET mutations as biomarkers in prostate cancer may help to guide patient selection, and enrich and enhance the future applications of this targeted novel agent.
Organizational commitment and perceived organizational support in the NSW police

Purpose – An embryonic empirical literature on Australian policing has established that commitment levels of police officers are comparatively low. This paper seeks to add to this literature.Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies Allen and Meyer's three‐component model of organizational commitment, in conjunction with the Eisenberger et al.'s model of perceived organizational support, to a sample of 351 sworn police officers and student officers.Findings – The results seem to confirm earlier Australian findings since organizational commitment among the sample of respondents was also found to be low. It is suggested that additional skills training and tuition subsidies for officers could enhance organizational commitment.Originality/value – The paper provides useful information on levels of commitment among Australian police officers and suggestions on how organizational commitment can be enhanced.
Atypical cell clusters expressing both neuronal and oligodendrocytic markers: Novel histological pattern of glioneuronal tumors?

Glioneuronal tumors are a group of brain tumors that consist of both neuronal and glial cells. The spectrum of glioneuronal tumors is currently expanding, and many atypical glioneuronal tumors require further characterization. Two patients are described who had an atypical glioneuronal tumor with peculiar pathological features. One patient was a 7‐year‐old girl with a tumor in the right cerebellar hemisphere. This patient had no recurrence after total resection. The other was a 37‐year‐old man with a tumor in the spinal cord. He suffered incessant recurrence and received operative treatment four times. Although the clinical features (age at diagnosis, tumor location, and recurrence) were very different in these patients, the tumors had a characteristic common feature of atypical cell clusters. Intriguingly, the tumor cells in the clusters expressed both neuronal and oligodendroglial markers, indicating aberrant differentiation. Furthermore, the cluster‐forming cells had modest proliferative indices and CD133 expression, indicating their role in the growth of the tumor. It is believed that these atypical cell clusters are a novel pattern of differentiation of glioneuronal tumors and that they need further investigation.
Change and resistance to change: The political management of europeanisation in France

Abstract European integration poses dilemmas of governance for EU member‐state governments. Specifically, how are national leaders to manage the interface between ‘Europe’ as cause of change, catalyst for reform, and scapegoat for dissent? Some answers can be found in France, where Lionel Jospin's government has embarked on a radical process of reconstructing French European policy and discourse with a view to incorporating ‘Europe’ into a broader political project of national renewal and reform. The government's goal is to relativise the significance of ‘Europe’ in the socio‐economic and political life of the country, in order to deflate its potential as a scapegoat for disaffected individuals and groups within civil society and the political elites. Conclusions drawn from the French experience since June 1997 provide a starting point for comparative research into the relationship, in the EU member states, between citizens, state, and the Europeanisation of domestic politics.
Vision Based 3D Tracking and Pose Estimation for Mixed Reality

Mixed Reality applications require accurate knowledge of the relative positions of the camera and the scene. When either of them moves, this means keeping track in real-time of all six degrees of freedom that define the camera position and orientation relative to the scene, or, equivalently, the 3D displacement of an object relative to the camera. Many technologies have been tried to achieve this goal. However, Computer Vision is the only one that has the potential to yield non-invasive, accurate and low-cost solutions to this problem, provided that one is willing to invest the effort required to develop sufficiently robust algorithms. In this chapter, we therefore discuss some of the most promising approaches, their strengths, and their weaknesses.
Muscle metabolism changes with age and maturation: How do they relate to youth sport performance?

Aim To provide an evidence-based review of muscle metabolism changes with sex-, age- and maturation with reference to the development of youth sport performance. Methods A narrative review of data from both invasive and non-invasive studies, from 1970 to 2015, founded on personal databases supported with computer searches of PubMed and Google Scholar. Results Youth sport performance is underpinned by sex-, age- and maturation-related changes in muscle metabolism. Investigations of muscle size, structure and metabolism; substrate utilisation; pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics; muscle phosphocreatine kinetics; peak anaerobic and aerobic performance; and fatigue resistance; determined using a range of conventional and emerging techniques present a consistent picture. Age-related changes have been consistently documented but specific and independent maturation-related effects on muscle metabolism during exercise have proved elusive to establish. Children are better equipped for exercise supported primarily by oxidative metabolism than by anaerobic metabolism. Sexual dimorphism is apparent in several physiological variables underpinning youth sport performance. As young people mature there is a progressive but asynchronous transition into an adult metabolic profile. Conclusions The application of recent developments in technology to the laboratory study of the exercising child and adolescent has both supplemented existing knowledge and provided novel insights into developmental exercise physiology. A sound foundation of laboratory-based knowledge has been established but the lack of rigorously designed child-specific and sport-specific testing environments has clouded the interpretation of the data in real life situations. The primary challenge remains the translation of laboratory research into the optimisation of youth sports participation and performance.
Slice simulation from a model of the parenchymous vascularization to evaluate texture features: work in progress.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the usefulness of a model of the parenchymous vascularization to evaluate texture analysis methods. METHODS Slices with thickness varying from 1 to 4 mm were reformatted from a 3D vascular model corresponding to either normal tissue perfusion or local hypervascularization. Parameters of statistical methods were measured on 16128x128 regions of interest, and mean values and standard deviation were calculated. For each parameter, the performances (discrimination power and stability) were evaluated. RESULTS Among 11 calculated statistical parameters, three (homogeneity, entropy, mean of gradients) were found to have a good discriminating power to differentiate normal perfusion from hypervascularization, but only the gradient mean was found to have a good stability with respect to the thickness. Five parameters (run percentage, run length distribution, long run emphasis, contrast, and gray level distribution) were found to have intermediate results. In the remaining three, curtosis and correlation was found to have little discrimination power, skewness none. CONCLUSION This 3D vascular model, which allows the generation of various examples of vascular textures, is a powerful tool to assess the performance of texture analysis methods. This improves our knowledge of the methods and should contribute to their a priori choice when designing clinical studies.
From chance to choice: The use of a verbal analogy in the communication of risk

In risk communication to patients, Medical Doctors frequently use analogies attempting to enhance the otherwise poor comprehension of small probabilities by laypeople. Two experiments examined the effects of the verbal analogy (asking patients to figure out the probability of an outcome by imagining the chance to draw a winning ball from a jar) on individuals' probability perception by means of seven-point Likert scales. Study 1 showed that the employment of the verbal analogy reduced the perceived likelihood of the hypothetical event under judgment both in the positive (winning a 1 million Euro lottery) and in the negative domain (contracting malaria travelling to Africa). In Study 2, two possible versions of the verbal analogy (forced vs. weak) were tested on the perceived risk of contracting hepatitis A travelling to Africa. Results indicated that individuals' risk perception was decreased by the analogy only in the forced condition. The authors discuss possible explanations for this effect.
TRADEOFFs in climate effects through aircraft routing: forcing due to radiatively active gases

Abstract. We have estimated impacts of alternative aviation routings on the radiative forcing. Changes in ozone and OH have been estimated in four Chemistry Transport Models (CTMs) participating in the TRADEOFF project. Radiative forcings due to ozone and methane have been calculated accordingly. In addition radiative forcing due to CO2 is estimated based on fuel consumption. Three alternative routing cases are investigated; one scenario assuming additional polar routes and two scenarios assuming aircraft cruising at higher (+2000 ft) and lower (−6000 ft) altitudes. Results from the base case in year 2000 are included as a reference. Taking first a steady state backward looking approach, adding the changes in the forcing from ozone, CO2 and CH4, the ranges of the models used in this work are −0.8 to −1.8 and 0.3 to 0.6 m Wm−2 in the lower (−6000 ft) and higher (+2000 ft) cruise levels, respectively. In relative terms, flying 6000ft lower reduces the forcing by 5–10% compared to the current flight pattern, whereas flying higher, while saving fuel and presumably flying time, increases the forcing by about 2–3%. Taking next a forward looking approach we have estimated the integrated forcing (m Wm−2 yr) over 20 and 100 years time horizons. The relative contributions from each of the three climate gases are somewhat different from the backward looking approach. The differences are moderate adopting 100 year time horizon, whereas under the 20 year horizon CO2 naturally becomes less important relatively. Thus the forcing agents impact climate differently on various time scales. Also, we have found significant differences between the models for ozone and methane. We conclude that we are not yet at a point where we can include non-CO2 effects of aviation in emission trading schemes. Nevertheless, the rerouting cases that have been studied here yield relatively small changes in the radiative forcing due to the radiatively active gases.
The Interaction of Object Form and Object M eaning in the Identification Performance of a Patient with Category-specific Visual Agnosia

Category-specific visual agnosia following bilateral inferior temporal lobe stroke was investigated in the patient ELM. Experiment 1 verified that computer-generated blobs could not be identified when members of a set varied along a single but not along multiple shape dimensions. Experiments 2 through 6 showed that for both ELM and, to a much lesser degree, healthy participants, this dimensionality effect was modulated by semantics. By pairing the exact same shapes with semantically close vs. disparate sounds or labels, the role of an object's semantics in category-specific agnosia was assessed independently from object form. For single-dimension shape sets, the semantic proximity of the concepts associated with the shapes had no impact on ELM's identification performance. For multidimensional shape sets, ELM's error rates showed a strong positive correlation with semantic proximity (r= .84, P < .01). These results were interpreted using an exemplar model of categorisation in w hich a deficit in exemplar .
Activity of cediranib, a highly potent and selective VEGF signaling inhibitor, in alveolar soft part sarcoma.

10523 Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare entity making up <1% of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). It is typically indolent but with a high incidence of metastatic disease, usually to lungs, but also to sites such as the brain. Response to conventional chemotherapy is poor (overall response rates are approximately 7% [Reichardt P et al,Eur J Cancer.2003;39:1511-1516]). This is a preliminary report of the activity of cediranib, a highly potent and selective VEGF signaling inhibitor, in this disease. METHODS Efficacy and tolerability data were collected for seven patients with ASPS. One patient was treated in a phase II randomized trial of cediranib ± prophylactic antihypertensive therapy and six were treated in a Phase II study in patients with imatinib-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors or other STS. Cediranib was administered orally, once daily at an initial dose of 45 mg. Response was assessed using RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 39 years (range: 26-49). All patients had pulmonary metastases and two had additional sites of disease (brain, bone, intra-abdominal) at study entry. Adverse events were generally CTC grade 1-2 and manageable. The most common adverse events were fatigue (n = 6), diarrhea (n = 5), stomatitis (n = 4), headache (n = 3), and hypertension (n = 3). Four patients had a best response of partial response, two patients had a confirmed reduction in maximum tumor diameter of ≥10% and <30% and one patient experienced stable disease. As of November 2008, three patients remain on treatment with a median (range) time on study of 61 weeks (49-74). Time to progression and progression-free survival will be calculated and available at the time of presentation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the promising preliminary activity and safety of chronic administration of cediranib in this disease. Further investigation is warranted, particularly as there is no effective systemic treatment for patients with advanced ASPS. [Table: see text].
Direct Democracy in Constitutional Processes: The South African Plebiscite of 1992

Referendums are often seen as the final step to legitimizing a new constitution. In some cases these plebiscites are used to start the negotiation process. Who initiates the plebiscite and for what reason? Does a referendum strengthen certain actors or weaken their position in further negotiation processes? In this article the last whites-only South African plebiscite in 1992 is used as a case study. Confronted with a strong and growing opposition in the white National Party, President FW de Klerk initiated the plebiscite. Representing a new party elite, he wished to avoid a party split and public unrest in the white community. The referendum was broadly supported by the media, important economic interest groups and civil society organizations. The plebiscite strengthened de Klerk's position in the negotiation process at the end of the apartheid state and ultimately it contributed to a relatively peaceful political transition.