Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationships between Adolescents’ Obesity and the Built Environment: Are They City Dependent?

There is evidence that the built environment can promote unhealthy habits which may increase the risk for obesity among adolescents. However, the majority of evidence is from North America, Europe and Australia, and less is known about other world regions. The purpose of this study was to examine how the number of overweight and obese adolescents may vary in relation to the built environment, area socioeconomic status (SES), physical activity (PA) and nutritional home environment. We performed a telephone survey of 904 adolescents ages 15–18 from three different cities in Israel. The questionnaire included: reported PA, sedentary behaviors and nutritional home environment. Body Mass Index (BMI) was attained from records of Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS). The built environment measures were calculated by Geographic Information System (GIS). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with adolescents’ overweight and obesity. The highest level of overweight and obese adolescents was in Beer Sheva (29.2%). The three cities did not differ in built environment characteristics, PA and sedentary behaviors. In Haifa, a more positive nutritional home environment was reported (p = 0.001). Boys, in all three cities presented higher rates of overweight and obesity (29%). After adjusting for covariates, adolescents’ overweight and obesity was associated with built environment measures only in a low SES peripheral city (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56–0.92), and positively associated with higher level of sedentary behavior in the total sample (OR = 1.23; 95% CI:1.03–1.47). This may imply a much more complex causal pathway between the built environment, SES and obesity than suggested in previous literature.
A real-life prospective health economic study of elective single embryo transfer versus two-embryo transfer in first IVF/ICSI cycles.

BACKGROUND We analysed the difference in maternal, neonatal and total costs after single (SET) versus double day 3 embryo transfer (DET). METHODS We performed a two-centre prospective study of women in their first IVF/ICSI cycle choosing between SET or DET. Infertility treatment data were gathered from a database; maternal and neonatal outcome data from a case report form (CRF); health economic data from medical acts registered in the CRF for the outpatient part and from hospital bills. SET was performed in 206/367 (56.1%) and DET in 161/367 (43.9%) women. RESULTS In all, 367 transfers yielded 186 positive pregnancy tests, 148 ongoing pregnancies and 136 live deliveries (50.7, 40.3 and 37.1% per embryo transfer) of which 15 (11.0%) were twins. Live birth rate was 37.4% for SET, 36.6% for DET. Intention-to-treat analysis showed differences for: duration of pregnancy (SET: 39.0 +/- 1.4 versus DET: 38.3 +/- 2.2 weeks; P = 0.055), percentage prematurity (8.5 versus 23.8%; P = 0.033), percentage of neonates hospitalized (5.7 versus 17.9%; P = 0.121) and duration of neonatal hospitalization (6.3 +/- 2.2 versus 10.3 +/- 10.1 days; P = 0.01). Total cost after DET was higher (SET: 4700 +/- 3239 versus DET: 8613 +/- 10 105; P = 0.105), due to significantly higher neonatal costs (451 +/- 957 versus 3453 +/- 8154; P < 0.001) and not to differences in maternal costs (4250 +/- 2882 versus 5160 +/- 4106; P = 0.152). CONCLUSIONS This prospective health economic study shows that transfer of a single top quality embryo is equally effective as, but substantially cheaper than, double embryo transfer in women <38 years of age in their first IVF/ICSI cycle.
Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses are involved in palmitic acid-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis

Palmitic acid (PA) is the most common saturated long-chain fatty acid that causes damage to heart muscle cells. However, the molecular mechanism of PA toxicity in myocardial cells is not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the effects of PA on proliferation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and uncovered the signaling pathways involved in PA toxicity. Our study revealed induction of both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses and exacerbation of apoptosis in PA-treated H9c2 cells. Inhibition of oxidative stress by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced apoptosis and decreased ER stress in PA-treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenyl butyric acid decreased apoptosis and attenuated oxidative stress. In summary, the present study demonstrated that oxidative stress coordinates with ER stress to play important roles in PA-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis.
FDA Approval Summary: Glasdegib for Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

On November 21, 2018, the FDA approved glasdegib (Daurismo; Pfizer), a small-molecule Hedgehog inhibitor, in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) for treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults ≥ 75 years or with comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. Evidence of clinical benefit came from Study BRIGHT AML 1003, a randomized trial comparing glasdegib+LDAC with LDAC alone for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in 115 patients either ≥ 75 years old or ≥ 55 years old with preexisting comorbidities. Efficacy was established by improved overall survival (OS) with the combination compared with LDAC alone (HR, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.71; one-sided stratified log-rank P = 0.0002). Median OS was 8.3 months with the combination and 4.3 months with LDAC alone. Common adverse reactions included cytopenias, fatigue, hemorrhage, febrile neutropenia, musculoskeletal pain, nausea, edema, dyspnea, decreased appetite, dysgeusia, mucositis, constipation, and rash. The label includes a boxed warning for embryo-fetal toxicity and a warning for QT interval prolongation. There is a limitation of use for patients with moderate-to-severe hepatic and severe renal impairment; trials studying glasdegib in these patient populations are required as a condition of this approval. See related commentary by Fathi, p. 6015
Misophonia and comorbid psychiatric symptoms: a preliminary study of clinical findings

Abstract Objective: Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder, phenotypically characterized by heightened autonomic nervous system arousal which is accompanied by a high magnitude of emotional reactivity to repetitive and pattern-based auditory stimuli. This study identifies the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in misophonia sufferers, the association between severity of misophonia and psychiatric symptoms, and the association between misophonia severity and gender. Methods: Fifty-two misophonia sufferers, 30 females (mean age = 40.93 ± 15.29) and 22 males (mean age = 51.18 ± 15.91) were recruited in our study and they were diagnosed according the criteria proposed by Schröder et al. The participants were evaluated by the A-MISO-S for the severity of misophonia and the MINI to assess the presence of psychiatric symptoms. Results: The most common comorbid symptoms reported by the misophonia patients were respectively PTSD (N = 8, 15.38%), OCD (N = 6, 11.53%), MDD (N = 5, 9.61%), and anorexia (N = 5, 9.61%). Misophonia severity was associated with the symptoms of MDD, OCD, and PTSD as well as anorexia. There was an indication of a significant difference between men and women in the severity of misophonic symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of recognizing psychiatric comorbidity among misophonia sufferers. The presence of these varying psychiatric disorders’ features in individuals with misophonia suggests that while misophonia has unique clinical characteristics with an underlying neurophysiological mechanism, may be associated with psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, when assessing individuals with misophonia symptoms, it is important to screen for psychiatric symptoms. This will assist researchers and clinicians to better understand the nature of the symptoms and how they may be interacting and ultimately allocating the most effective therapeutic strategies.
DHA supplementation during pregnancy does not reduce BMI or body fat mass in children: follow-up of the DHA to Optimize Mother Infant Outcome randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has proven effective at reducing fat storage in animal studies. However, a systematic review of human trials showed a lack of quality data to support or refute this hypothesis. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether maternal DHA supplementation during the second half of pregnancy results in a lower body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat in children. DESIGN We conducted a follow-up at 3 and 5 y of age of children who were born to mothers enrolled in the DOMInO (DHA to Optimize Mother Infant Outcome) double-blind, randomized controlled trial, in which women with a singleton pregnancy were provided with DHA-rich fish-oil capsules (800 mg DHA/d) or vegetable-oil capsules (control group) in the second half of pregnancy. Primary outcomes were the BMI z score and percentage of body fat at 3 and 5 y of age. Potential interactions between prenatal DHA and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) genotype as a measure of the genetic predisposition to obesity were investigated. RESULTS A total of 1614 children were eligible for the follow-up. Parent or caregiver consent was obtained for 1531 children (95%), and these children were included in the analysis. BMI z scores and percentages of body fat of children in the DHA group did not differ from those of children in the control group at either 3 y of age [BMI z score adjusted mean difference: 0.03 (95% CI: -0.07, 0.13; P = 0.61); percentage of body fat adjusted mean difference: -0.26 (95% CI: -0.99, 0.46; P = 0.47)] or 5 y of age [BMI z score adjusted mean difference: 0.02 (95% CI: -0.08, 0.12; P = 0.66); percentage of body fat adjusted mean difference: 0.11 (95% CI: -0.60, 0.82; P = 0.75)]. No treatment effects were modified by the PPARγ genotype of the child. CONCLUSION Independent of a genetic predisposition to obesity, maternal intake of DHA-rich fish oil during the second half of pregnancy does not affect the growth or body composition of children at 3 or 5 y of age. This trial was registered at www.anzctr. org.au as ACTRN1260500056906 and ACTRN12611001127998.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Suppresses Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Murine Fast‐Food Diet Model

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a critical regulator of hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. Our recent work indicated that EGFR can also regulate lipid metabolism during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Based on these findings, we investigated the role of EGFR in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a pharmacological inhibition strategy. C57BL6/J mice were fed a chow diet or a fast‐food diet (FFD) with or without EGFR inhibitor (canertinib) for 2 months. EGFR inhibition completely prevented development of steatosis and liver injury in this model. In order to study if EGFR inhibition can reverse NAFLD progression, mice were fed the FFD for 5 months, with or without canertinib treatment for the last 5 weeks of the study. EGFR inhibition remarkably decreased steatosis, liver injury, and fibrosis and improved glucose tolerance. Microarray analysis revealed that ~40% of genes altered by the FFD were differentially expressed after EGFR inhibition and, thus, are potentially regulated by EGFR. Several genes and enzymes related to lipid metabolism (particularly fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis), which were disrupted by the FFD, were found to be modulated by EGFR. Several crucial transcription factors that play a central role in regulating these lipid metabolism genes during NAFLD, including peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), carbohydrate‐responsive element‐binding protein, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, were also found to be modulated by EGFR. In fact, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that PPARγ binding to several crucial lipid metabolism genes (fatty acid synthase, stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1, and perilipin 2) was drastically reduced by EGFR inhibition. Further upstream, EGFR inhibition suppressed AKT signaling, which is known to control these transcription factors, including PPARγ and SREBF1, in NAFLD models. Lastly, the effect of EGFR in FFD‐induced fatty‐liver phenotype was not shared by receptor tyrosine kinase MET, investigated using MET knockout mice. Conclusion: Our study revealed a role of EGFR in NAFLD and the potential of EGFR inhibition as a treatment strategy for NAFLD.
Maternal nutrition practices in Uttar Pradesh, India: Role of key influential demand and supply factors

Abstract Despite strong policy and program commitment, essential maternal nutrition services are not reaching enough women in many countries. This paper examined multifactorial determinants (personal, family, community, and health services) associated with maternal nutrition practices in Uttar Pradesh, India. Data were from a household survey of pregnant (n = 667) and recently delivered women (n = 1,835). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the determinants of four outcomes: consumption of diverse diets, consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) and calcium tablets, and weight monitoring during pregnancy. Population attributable risk analysis was used to estimate how much the outcomes can be improved under optimal program implementation. During pregnancy, women consumed 28 IFA and 8 calcium tablets, 18% consumed diverse diet, and 17% were weighed ≥3 times. Nutrition knowledge was associated with consumption of diverse diet (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2 times), IFA (2.3 times), calcium (11.7 times), and weight monitoring (1.3 times). Beliefs and self‐efficacy were associated with IFA (OR = 2.0) and calcium consumption (OR = 4.6). Family support and adequate health services were also associated with better nutrition practices. Under optimal program implementation, we estimate that 51% of women would have adequate diet diversity, an average consumption of 98 IFA, and 106 calcium tablets, and women would be weighed 4.9 times during pregnancy. Strengthening existing program operations and increasing demand for services has the potential to result in large improvements in maternal nutrition practices from current baseline levels but may not be sufficient to meet World Health Organization‐recommended levels without creating an enabling environment including improvements in education and income levels to support behaviour change.
Aggregate Volatility and Market Jump Risk : A Risk-Based Explanation to Size and Value Premia

Previous studies document that volatility risk is p riced in the cross-section of stock returns. Driven by evidence from option pricing literature t ha stock prices exhibit both stochastic volatility and jumps, I test whether market jump ri sk is priced differently from volatility risk. In addition to earlier findings which document a negat ive price for volatility risk, I find that jump risk is priced separately, and is negative. Further more, I document significant differences between volatility and jump risk factor loadings of value vs. growth, and small vs. big portfolios. Due to differences in their volatility and jump ris k loadings, investors require an additional return of 0.86% per month on a portfolio, which lon gs stocks in the smallest size decile and shorts stocks in the biggest size decile. Similarly , a portfolio which longs value stocks and shorts growth stocks will on average require an additional return of 0.59% per month. JEL Code: G12
Human papillomavirus viral load and transmission in young, recently-formed heterosexual couples.

BACKGROUND We studied the association between HPV viral loads (VL) and HPV concordance in sexually active couples. METHODS The HITCH cohort included young (women aged 18-24y), heterosexual, recently-formed couples. Web-based questionnaires and genital samples were collected at 0 and 4 months. Samples were tested for HPV DNA by PCR (Linear Array). VL of HPV6/11/16/18/31/42/51 were quantified using type-specific real-time PCR. Correlations between VL and type-specific HPV prevalence, incidence, and clearance were evaluated using multilevel, mixed-effects linear/logistic regression models. RESULTS 492 couples were included. VL were higher in penile than vaginal samples. Within men and women, VL at 0 and 4 months were correlated (r=0.373, p<0.001 and r=0.193, p=0.02, respectively). Within couples, VL were also correlated (r-range: 0.303-0.328, p<0.05). Men with high VL had more type-specific persistent HPV infections (OR=4.6, 95%CI: 2.0-10.5). High VL in men was associated with prevalent (OR=5.3, 95%CI: 2.5-11.2) and incident (OR=6.7, 95%CI: 1.5-30.7) type-specific HPV infections in their partner. Women's VL was associated with HPV prevalence in their partner at the same (OR=5.9, 95%CI: 2.2-15.5) and subsequent (OR=4.7, 95%CI: 1.5-14.6) visit. CONCLUSIONS Persistent HPV infections have limited VL fluctuations. VL between sex partners are correlated and seem predictive of transmission episodes.
Verbal Fluency Development Across Childhood: Normative Data from Brazilian-Portuguese Speakers and Underlying Cognitive Processes.

OBJECTIVE Verbal fluency (VF) tasks are widely used to investigate children's lexical knowledge and executive functions skills. Consistency of measurement of the strategic retrieval components is still an issue and performance of Brazilian-Portuguese speaking children are currently not available. A cross-sectional study investigated the effects of age, school type (public × private) and the influence of language, memory and inhibitory control on VF. METHOD We assessed 414 Brazilian children, aged 6-12, in the number of words produced and both clustering and switching components, with two measures of VF: letter (LVF) and semantic (SVF). RESULTS Analysis of the number of words produced showed a significant increase between 6-8-year-olds, 9-10-year-olds and 11-12-year-olds in SVF, while in LVF, the differences were significant only in the later age group. In SVF, the numbers of clusters and switches increased with age, whereas in LVF, the number of switches increased in all age groups, but clusters increased only in the older group. Structural equation model analyses showed that oral and written language, verbal memory and inhibitory control are associated with VF performance and IQ, while age mediated VF performance. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a different development pattern between LVF and SVF in the number of words produced and in clustering and switching, with the latter predicting VF performance in words produced. VF development is shown to depend on language, memory and inhibitory control. Our results have important implications to clinical neuropsychology.
Interprofessional service-learning: cutting teeth and learning to crawl

ABSTRACT An interprofessional community-based service-learning initiative, supporting early childhood development in an impoverished community, was launched on a South African university’s rural training platform. The study aimed to determine how this learning experience influenced students’ interprofessional person-centered practice. An interpretative qualitative approach was followed. In-depth focus group discussions with dietetic (n = 15), medical (n = 24) and occupational therapy (n = 6) students were conducted before they left for a rural training site, directly afterward and again six months later. The findings indicated that most students had a limited experience of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) beforehand. Afterward, those demonstrating developmental learning reported increased knowledge about their own roles, a deeper understanding of the roles of other professions and a realization of the importance of IPCP. Different reactions were related to students’ profession, attitude and insight, and other interprofessional experiences during the placement. Contact with service users in the community, additional interprofessional clinical activities and shared living spaces are likely to further enhance students’ competencies in IPCP. A lack of interprofessional role modeling in the academic hospital, where most students returned to, hindered them to continue following an interprofessional, person-centered approach. Longer, synchronized rotations on a decentralized platform may be beneficial to inculcate competencies related to IPCP.
Immunophenotypic Analysis of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Chinese. A Study of 75 Cases in Hong Kong

&NA; Summary The cell surface markers of 75 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied on cryostat sections using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Forty‐nine cases (65.3%) were found to express a B‐cell phenotype, 23 cases (30.7%) a T‐cell phenotype, 1 case (1.3%) a histiocytic phenotype and 2 cases (2.7%) no demonstrable surface markers. Follicular lymphoma accounted for only 10.7% of the cases. Most B‐cell lymphomas expressed IgM‐λ or IgM‐lgD‐λ, but a few failed to express surface immunoglobulin. Among the 23 cases of T‐cell lymphoma, 22 were of peripheral T‐cell type; most were of helper‐cell (T4) phenotype and a significant number expressed J5 (CALLA) and 12 (HLA‐DR). The present study shows that the percentage of T‐cell lymphoma in Chinese is higher than in Caucasians, but lower than in Japanese. However, when the age‐adjusted incidence of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is considered, the incidence rates of T‐cell lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese and Japanese in areas non‐endemic for adult T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia are similar; the incidence in Americans is similar or slightly lower. The major difference between the races is that B‐cell lymphoma, particularly the follicular type, is much rarer in Asians than Americans.
Nitric oxide and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory elements in the Solanum lycopersicum-Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal symbiosis.

The regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobins in plant response to pathogenic and mutualistic microbes has been evidenced. However, little is known about their function in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. We investigated whether NO and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory components in the AM symbiosis. Rhizophagus irregularis in vitro-grown cultures and tomato plants were used to monitor AM-associated NO-related root responses as compared to responses triggered by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. A genetic approach was conducted to understand the role of PHYTOGB1 on NO signaling during both interactions. After a common early peak on NO levels in response to both fungi, a specific NO accumulation pattern was triggered in tomato roots during the onset of the AM interaction. PHYTOGB1 was upregulated by the AM interaction. By contrast, the pathogen triggered a continuous NO accumulation and a strong downregulation of PHYTOGB1. Manipulation of PHYTOGB1 levels in overexpressing and silenced roots led to a deregulation of NO levels and altered mycorrhization and pathogen infection. We demonstrate that the onset of the AM symbiosis is associated with a specific NO-related signature in the host root. We propose that NO regulation by PHYTOGB1 is a regulatory component of the AM symbiosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.