Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Call level performance analysis for multiservices wireless cellular networks with adaptive resource allocation strategies

In this paper, a novel mathematical approach to evaluate the performance of adaptive or flexible resource allocation (FRA) strategies with uniform quality of service (QoS) provisioning in multiservices wireless cellular networks, in terms of the call blocking probabilities and transmission delay, is proposed. FRA strategies improve channel utilization by dynamically adjusting user transmission rates. Based on the available cell capacity, the bandwidth offered to users can be adjusted in accordance with the elasticities of their service types. When an FRA strategy provides similar QoS to all the calls of the same service type, it is known as an FRA with uniform QoS provisioning. In multiservices wireless cellular networks, calls can be identified as belonging to one of four service classes (i.e., conversational, streaming, interactive, and background). Transmission delay is one of the most important performance measurements of interactive and background service classes. Transmission delay, however, has not been addressed in previous studies on FRA with uniform QoS provisioning either in conjunction with interactive or background service classes. This is because such studies have been based on the Markov property of the negative exponential distribution of the service time which lacks time delay information. The analytical approach in this paper is based on the fact that in FRA strategies with uniform QoS provisioning, calls of all service types tend to use an average number of resources (i.e., the number of resources available for a service type divided by the number of active users of that service type). This feature facilitates the assessment of the mean service time and the number of resources allocated to a call during its lifetime and, consequently, a call's transmission delay. The study also considers the fact that the probability density function (pdf) of the normalized transmission delay is almost a symmetrical function and has low variance. The accuracy of the proposed mathematical analysis is then corroborated by means of semianalytical methods and by discrete event computer simulation.
Assessment of nutrient contents of foods widely grown and consumed in Morogoro municipality

Nutrient contents of foods widely grown and commonly consumed in Morogoro Municipality were determined, aiming at establishing nutrient composition databases of foods in the study area. Data was collected in dry (July to September) and wet (January to March) seasons. A total of 144 respondents were selected from eight wards using simple random technique. Selected nutrient contents of raw and cooked foods were analyzed according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000). Results show that majority (93.06%) of the households grew maize and variety of green leafy vegetables namely pumpkin leaves (90.28%), cowpeas leaves (88.89%) and sweet potato leaves (78.47%). Green leafy vegetables are consumed daily (95.13%) with stiff porridge (ugali) (93%) made from refined maize flour as a staple dish sometimes with beans, a major source of protein in the area. Majority (83%) had two meals per day; the rest had three meals a day. Nutrient contents of selected foods compare well with those reported elsewhere, however, major differences were found in carbohydrate contents in raw maize flour (67%), and cooked green banana variety mtwike (18%), these values were lower than reported. Calcium and iron contents were higher in raw amaranthus (0.74%) and cassava leaves (0.012%) than reported (0.011% and 0.003%, respectively). Content of nutrients also differed between raw and cooked food. This was so apparent in leafy green vegetables, whereby difference was found between raw amaranthus (739 mg/100g calcium) and cooked amaranthus (292 mg/100 g calcium). The loss could be due to the practice of throwing away cooking water before the final steps of cooking. Based on these findings, it can be recommended that further studies on ii
Effects of ingesting Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt in subjects with colonized Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that ingesting lactic acid bacteria exerts a suppressive effect on Helicobacter pylori infection in both animals and humans. Supplementing with Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt (AB-yogurt) was shown to improve the rates of eradication of H. pylori in humans. OBJECTIVE We administered AB-yogurt to subjects with asymptomatic H. pylori to test whether the yogurt could inhibit H. pylori growth. DESIGN The in vitro inhibition of H. pylori growth was determined by inoculating Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 or Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on plates that were inoculated with H. pylori. Assessment of the viability of H. pylori was performed by the mixed culture method with La5 or Bb12. In an intervention study, 59 adult volunteers infected with H. pylori were given AB-yogurt (10(7) colony-forming units of both La5 and Bb12/mL) twice daily after a meal for 6 wk. Eleven subjects positive for H. pylori infection were treated with milk placebo as control subjects. H. pylori bacterial loads were determined with use of the (13)C-urea breath test, which was performed before and 4 and 8 wk after the start of AB-yogurt supplementation. RESULTS Bb12 exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against H. pylori, whereas La5 did not show an effect. Administration of AB-yogurt decreased the urease activity of H. pylori after 6 wk of therapy (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Regular intake of yogurt containing Bb12 and La5 effectively suppressed H. pylori infection in humans.
Graph Partitioning via Adaptive Spectral Techniques

In this paper we study the use of spectral techniques for graph partitioning. Let G = (V, E) be a graph whose vertex set has a ‘latent’ partition V1,. , Vk. Moreover, consider a ‘density matrix’ Ɛ = (Ɛvw)v, sw∈V such that, for v ∈ Vi and w ∈ Vj, the entry Ɛvw is the fraction of all possible Vi−Vj-edges that are actually present in G. We show that on input (G, k) the partition V1,. , Vk can (very nearly) be recovered in polynomial time via spectral methods, provided that the following holds: Ɛ approximates the adjacency matrix of G in the operator norm, for vertices v ∈ Vi, w ∈ Vj ≠ Vi the corresponding column vectors Ɛv, Ɛw are separated, and G is sufficiently ‘regular’ with respect to the matrix Ɛ. This result in particular applies to sparse graphs with bounded average degree as n = #V → ∞, and it has various consequences on partitioning random graphs.
Immunohistochemical localization of heat shock protein 25 (HSP 25) during root formation of the rat molar

The present study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of heat shock protein 25 (HSP 25) of rat molar teeth during root formation. Most, probably all, cells of the epithelial rest of Malassez (ERM cells) had immunoreaction for laminin, a marker protein for basement membrane. During root formation, HSP 25 immunoreactivity was observed in odontoblasts, cells at the subodontoblastic layer, and those in close proximity to the acellular cementum. HSP 25‐immunopositive cells at the subodontoblastic layer were present only at the apical region. Most HSP 25‐immunoreactive cells in close proximity to the cementum lacked laminin immunoreactivity. However, at postnatal day 28 a small number of cells showed immunoreaction for both HSP 25 and laminin at the cervical and bifurcational regions. Under the electron microscope, most HSP 25‐immunoreactive cells along the surface of the cementum were round and contained rich organelles such as mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. They lay between fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament. The localization and morphological features of these HSP 25‐immunoreactive cells resemble those of cementoblasts. On the other hand, HSP 25‐immunoreactive cells at the cervical region were oval and contained few cell organelles. They were closely apposed to each other, and separated from the surrounding tissues with basal lamina. These features were similar to those of mature ERM cells. In contrast, cells with microvillus‐like processes and relatively rich mitochondoria, which were similar to immature ERM cells, had no immunoreaction for HSP 25. These results suggest that HSP 25 may be involved in shape alterations of ERM cells, cementoblasts, and odontoblasts during differentiation. Anat Rec 267:321–329, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local Optoelectronic Properties of Zinc-Porphyrin/Gold Molecular interfaces

This research consists in designing a series of experiments to determine the molecular orbital energy levels of zinc-porphyrin molecule when vertically attached to Au(111) substrate. To study the zinc-porphyrine molecular orbitals we use visible light of different wavelengths. Thiolated zinc-porphyrin oligomer molecules link to Au(111) surface, embedded within an 1-octanethiol self-assembled monolayer. Current-Voltage characterization technique allow us to determine the electronic orbital structures of different zinc-porphyrin oligomer single molecules via scanning tunneling microscope. Coupling lasers of different wavelengths and the tunneling junction, illumination effect on the molecular orbital energy levels of zinc-porphyrin molecules is investigated. The results indicate that the experimental zinc-porphyrin orbital energy levels are qualitatively consistent with previous calculations and experiments of similar porphyrin molecules. With illumination at given wavelengths, HOMO-LUMO gaps decreases for zinc-porphyrin molecules, and under dark condition the dimer zinc-porphyrin molecule shows a larger HOMO-LUMO gap than the monomer counterpart. We propose a charged molecule model to explain the light illumination effect, and we attribute the larger HOMOLUMO gap in dimer molecule to a mixing of face-to-face bundling and tilting of the molecules. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Materials Science & Engineering First Advisor Dawn A. Bonnell
Human Height Is Positively Related to Interpersonal Dominance in Dyadic Interactions

Across cultures, taller stature is linked to increased social status, but the potential reasons why this should be are unclear. One potential explanation is that taller individuals are more likely to win a dyadic confrontation with a competitor (i.e., they are more dominant), which leads to higher social rank. Although some previous studies have shown that perceptions of status or dominance are related to height, and are therefore consistent with such an explanation, there is surprisingly little research testing whether height actually has any influence on the behavioural outcomes in real-life social interactions. Here, we present three naturalistic observational studies demonstrating that height predicts interpersonal dominance during brief dyadic interactions. Study 1 investigated the likelihood of giving way in a narrow passage (N = 92); Study 2 investigated giving way in a busy shopping street, plus the likelihood of colliding with another individual (N = 1,108); and Study 3 investigated the likelihood of maintaining a linear path while walking, and potentially entering another individual’s personal space (N = 1,056). We conclude that human height is positively related to interpersonal dominance, and may well contribute to the widely observed positive association between height and social status.
Program evaluation of an Integrated Basic Science Medical Curriculum in Shiraz Medical School, Using CIPP Evaluation Model

Introduction: In recent years curriculum reform and integration was done in many medical schools. The integrated curriculum is a popular concept all over the world. In Shiraz medical school, the reform was initiated by stablishing the horizontal basic science integration model and Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) for undergraduate medical education. The purpose of this study was to provide the required data for the program evaluation of this curriculum for undergraduate medical students, using CIPP program evaluation model. Methods: This study is an analytic descriptive and triangulation mixed method study which was carried out in Shiraz Medical School in 2012, based on the views of professors of basic sciences courses and first and second year medical students. The study evaluated the quality of the relationship between basic sciences and clinical courses and the method of presenting such courses based on the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) model. The tools for collecting data, both quantitatively and qualitatively, were some questionnaires, content analysis of portfolios, semi- structured interview and brain storming sessions. For quantitative data analysis, SPSS software, version 14, was used. Results: In the context evaluation by modified DREEM questionnaire, 77.75%of the students believed that this educational system encourages them to actively participate in classes. Course schedule and atmosphere of class were reported suitable by 87.81% and 83.86% of students. In input domain that was measured by a researcher made questionnaire, the facilities for education were acceptable except for shortage of cadavers. In process evaluation, the quality of integrated modules presentation and Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) was good from the students’ viewpoint. In product evaluation, students’ brain storming, students’ portfolio and semi-structured interview with faculties were done, showing some positive aspects of integration and some areas that need improvement. Conclusion: The main advantage of assessing an educational program based on CIPP evaluation model is that the context, input, process and product of the program are viewed and evaluated systematically. This will help the educational authorities to make proper decisions based on the weaknesses and strengths of the program on its continuation, cessation and revision. Based on the results of this study, the integrated basic sciences course for undergraduate medical students in Shiraz Medical School is at a desirable level. However, attempts to improve or reform some sections and continual evaluation of the program and its accreditation seem to be necessary.
Microhabitat Selection by the Tortoiseshell Limpet, Tectura testudinalis (Müller), in Tide Pools on the mid-Maine Coast

Microhabitat selection of the limpet Tectura testudinalis, an important grazer along the rocky Maine coast is examined using both mensurative and manipulative experiments. T. testudinalis substrate selection is essential to its survival in the unpredictable and harsh regime of the intertidal zone. At three sites studied in the Gulf of Maine, T. testudinalis selectively inhabits tidal pools and vertically oriented substrates. Both of these microhabitats reduce the degree of environmental stress (desiccation, extreme temperature, and hypersaline conditions) and predation experienced by individuals. Differences among sites are common, indicating the importance of varying environmental factors in regulating and influencing habitat selection in this species.
ABCG2 polymorphisms in gout: insights into disease susceptibility and treatment approaches

As a result of the association of a common polymorphism (rs2231142, Q141K) in the ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2) transporter with serum urate concentration in a genome-wide association study, it was revealed that ABCG2 is an important uric acid transporter. This review discusses the relevance of ABCG2 polymorphisms in gout, possible etiological mechanisms, and treatment approaches. The 141K ABCG2 urate-increasing variant causes instability in the nucleotide-binding domain, leading to decreased surface expression and function. Trafficking of the protein to the cell membrane is altered, and instead, there is an increased ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of the variant protein as well as sequestration into aggresomes. In humans, this leads to decreased uric acid excretion through both the kidney and the gut with the potential for a subsequent compensatory increase in renal urinary excretion. Not only does the 141K polymorphism in ABCG2 lead to hyperuricemia through renal overload and renal underexcretion, but emerging evidence indicates that it also increases the risk of acute gout in the presence of hyperuricemia, early onset of gout, tophi formation, and a poor response to allopurinol. In addition, there is some evidence that ABCG2 dysfunction may promote renal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease patients, increase systemic inflammatory responses, and decrease cellular autophagic responses to stress. These results suggest multiple benefits in restoring ABCG2 function. It has been shown that decreased ABCG2 141K surface expression and function can be restored with colchicine and other small molecule correctors. However, caution should be exercised in any application of these approaches given the role of surface ABCG2 in drug resistance.
Romantic Relationship Development: The Interplay Between Age and Relationship Length

The present study explored how romantic relationship qualities develop with age and relationship length. Eight waves of data on romantic relationships were collected over 10.5 years during adolescence and early adulthood from a community-based sample in a Western U.S. city (100 males, 100 females; M age Wave 1 = 15.83). Measures of support, negative interactions, control, and jealousy were derived from interviews and questionnaire measures. Using multilevel modeling, main effects of age were found for jealousy, and main effects of relationship length were found for each quality. However, main effects were qualified by significant age by length interactions for each and every relationship quality. Short relationships increased in support with age. In comparison, long-term adolescent relationships were notable in that they were both supportive and turbulent, with elevated levels of support, negative interactions, control, and jealousy. With age, long-term relationships continued to have high levels of support, but decreased in negative interactions, control, and jealousy. Present findings highlight how the interplay between age and relationship length is key for understanding the development of romantic relationships.
Neurofilament-dependent Radial Growth of Motor Axons and Axonal Organization of Neurofilaments Does Not Require the Neurofilament Heavy Subunit (NF-H) or Its Phosphorylation

Neurofilaments are essential for establishment and maintenance of axonal diameter of large myelinated axons, a property that determines the velocity of electrical signal conduction. One prominent model for how neurofilaments specify axonal growth is that the 660–amino acid, heavily phosphorylated tail domain of neurofilament heavy subunit (NF-H) is responsible for neurofilament-dependent structuring of axoplasm through intra-axonal crossbridging between adjacent neurofilaments or to other axonal structures. To test such a role, homologous recombination was used to generate NF-H–null mice. In peripheral motor and sensory axons, absence of NF-H does not significantly affect the number of neurofilaments or axonal elongation or targeting, but it does affect the efficiency of survival of motor and sensory axons. Loss of NF-H caused only a slight reduction in nearest neighbor spacing of neurofilaments and did not affect neurofilament distribution in either large- or small-diameter motor axons. Since postnatal growth of motor axon caliber continues largely unabated in the absence of NF-H, neither interactions mediated by NF-H nor the extensive phosphorylation of it within myelinated axonal segments are essential features of this growth.
Assimilation of Himawari‐8 All‐Sky Radiances Every 10 Minutes: Impact on Precipitation and Flood Risk Prediction

Japan's new geostationary satellite “Himawari‐8” enables updating precipitation and flood predictions as frequently as every 10 min and to capture as early as possible the flood risk associated with rapidly changing severe weather. This study focuses on the advantage of the frequent update of precipitation and flood predictions by assimilating all‐sky Himawari‐8 infrared radiances in the case of September 2015 Kanto‐Tohoku heavy rainfall, a major flooding event in Japan. The analyzed tropical cyclone representation and moisture transport are improved by the Himawari‐8 data assimilation. Deterministic runs from the analyses with the Himawari‐8 data provide much improved forecasts of a strong precipitation band. Moreover, every 10 min updates of river discharge forecasts driven by these improved precipitation forecasts show a large improvement in forecast skill with longer lead times. The results demonstrate that the frequent refresh aids to capture a signature of flooding at an earlier stage.
The Informal Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Size and Determinants

The multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) method is a well-established tool for measuring informal economic activity. However, it has been criticized because GDP is used both as a cause and indicator variable. To address this issue, this paper applies for the first time the light intensity approach (instead of GDP). It also uses the Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) method to estimate the size of the informal economy for Sub-Saharan African countries over 24 years. Results suggest that informal economy in Sub-Saharan Africa remains among the largest in the world, although this share has been very gradually declining. It also finds significant heterogeneity, with informality ranging from a low of 20 to 25 percent in Mauritius, South Africa and Namibia to a high of 50 to 65 percent in Benin, Tanzania and Nigeria.