Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From the Secret Ballot to the Public Vote: Examining Voters’ Experience of Political Discussion in Vote-by-Mail Elections

Considerable research on political discussion has focused on identifying its antecedents and outcomes. The rise of voting by mail provides an opportunity to examine the subject in a new context—one in which voters discuss their views and electoral choices with others while filling out their ballots. We explored the possibility that conventional predictors of political engagement would predict who partakes in such discussions. Past research also suggested that those voters most likely to report changing their minds as a result of discussion would perceive their discussants as holding contrary views and higher levels of political sophistication. We further hypothesized that less politically engaged voters would seek out discussants they rated as more knowledgeable than themselves, whereas the more politically sophisticated voters would seek out like-minded discussants. Past research also suggested that the least partisan voters would be those most likely to report disagreement in their absentee discussions. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed telephone survey data from two elections conducted in Washington State. Results showed that the factors that predict traditional forms of political participation and discussion do not explain who engages in discussion during vote-by-mail elections. We also found that independent voters were more likely to talk with ideologically divergent discussants, whereas less knowledgeable citizens sought discussants who knew more about politics than they did. Many voters reported that these discussions shaped their vote choices, with the highest rates of perceived influence coming from those who viewed their discussion partners as more knowledgeable and more ideologically divergent.
Explaining the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce

This study uses national longitudinal [U.S.] data to explain the intergenerational transmission of divorce. Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk of offspring divorce especially when wives or both spouses have experienced the dissolution of their parents marriage. Offspring age at marriage cohabitation socioeconomic attainment and prodivorce attitudes mediate modest proportions of the estimated effect of parental divorce. In contrast a measure of interpersonal behavior problems mediates the largest share of the association. The findings suggest that parental divorce elevates the risk of offspring divorce by increasing the likelihood that offspring exhibit behaviors that interfere with the maintenance of mutually rewarding intimate relationships. Data are from the Study of Marriage Over the Life Course. (EXCERPT)
Income Inequities in Health Care Utilization among Adults Aged 50 and Older

RÉSUMÉ L'accès équitable et l'utilisation des services de santé sont des objectifs primaires pour de nombreux systèmes de soins de santé, en particulier dans les pays dotés de systèmes universels financés par l'État. Malgré des incertitudes quant aux conséquences potentiellement défavorables de la politique de soins de santé et d'autres réformes dans les années 1990, il reste difficile de savoir si et comment les inégalités de revenus dans l'utilisation des services ont altérés ensuite. Cette étude portait sur l'impact du revenu sur l'utilisation des médecins et des hôpitaux de 1992 à 2002 chez les adultes âgés de 50 ans ou plus en la Colombie-Britannique. Ceux qui ont des revenus plus faibles ont été trouvés d'être moins susceptibles d'accéder aux médecins généralistes et les services de spécialistes, mais étaient plus susceptibles d'accéder aux services hospitaliers. Les disparités liées au revenu dans l'accès aux soins de médecins a augmenté au fil du temps, tandis que l'accès aux soins de l'hôpital a diminué. Le volume de soins de médécins géneralistes et des soins de l'hôpital étaient inversement proportionnelle au revenu; ces différences ont augmenté en ce qui concerne les services des MGs seulement. Les résultats de baisses dans l'accès aux soins à l'hôpital, accompagné par des disparités croissantes de revenus liés à l'accès aux services de médecins, montrent que les inégalités augmentent dans le système de soins de santé canadien. ABSTRACT Equitable access to and utilization of health services is a primary goal for many health care systems, particularly in countries with universal publicly funded systems. Despite concerns regarding potentially adverse implications of the 1990s’ health care policy and other reforms, whether and how income inequalities in service utilization changed remains unclear. This study addressed the impact of income on physician and hospital utilization from 1992–2002 among adults aged 50 and older in British Columbia. Those with lower incomes were found less likely to access general practitioner and specialist services but more likely to access hospital services. Income-related disparities in physician care increased over time; hospital care declined. Volume of GP and hospital care was inversely associated with income; these differences increased regarding GP services only. Findings of declines in hospital-care access, accompanied by increasing income-related disparities in physician-services access, show that inequities are increasing within Canada’s health care system.
Deep Convolutional Networks on Graph-Structured Data

Deep Learning's recent successes have mostly relied on Convolutional Networks, which exploit fundamental statistical properties of images, sounds and video data: the local stationarity and multi-scale compositional structure, that allows expressing long range interactions in terms of shorter, localized interactions. However, there exist other important examples, such as text documents or bioinformatic data, that may lack some or all of these strong statistical regularities. In this paper we consider the general question of how to construct deep architectures with small learning complexity on general non-Euclidean domains, which are typically unknown and need to be estimated from the data. In particular, we develop an extension of Spectral Networks which incorporates a Graph Estimation procedure, that we test on large-scale classification problems, matching or improving over Dropout Networks with far less parameters to estimate.
Effects of Spaced Repetition on Long-Term Map Knowledge Recall

ABSTRACT Sixth-grade students studying Latin America were placed in experimental and comparison groups to test the effects of map-study repetition on long-term memory. Mean scores on place-name repetition indicated that the experimental (repetition) group out-performed the comparison group at a statistically significant level with respect to both posttest and retention-test outcomes.
The customer is not always right: customer aggression and emotion regulation of service employees

Research on work aggression or anger has typically focused on supervisors and co-workers as the instigators of aggression; however, aggressive customers are also likely and may have unique consequences for the employee. We explore this phenomenon with a sample of 198 call center employees at two work sites. The employees reported that customer verbal aggression occurred 10 times a day, on average, though this varied by race and negative affectivity. Using LISREL, our data indicated that both the frequency and stress appraisal of customer aggression positively related to emotional exhaustion, and this burnout dimension mediated the relationship of stress appraisal with absences. Stress appraisal also influenced employees' emotion regulation strategies with their most recent hostile caller. Employees who felt more threatened by customer aggression used surface acting or vented emotions, while those who were less threatened used deep acting. Job autonomy helped explain who found these events more stressful, and implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual Differences in the Effects of Educational Transitions on Young Adolescent’s Perceptions of Competence and Motivational Orientation

We conducted two studies to examine the effects of changing educational environments on children’s academic self-concepts and motivation. In the first study, we examined the effects of transitions to a new grade or a new school on children’s perceptions of their scholastic competence, their motivational orientation, and their anxiety and general affect about school performance. Four groups of children were examined longitudinally as they made the transition to a new grade, some changing schools and some remaining in the same school: (a) fifth to sixth grade, same school; (b) fifth to sixth grade, new school; (c) sixth to seventh grade, same school; and (d) sixth to seventh grade, new school. We hypothesized that many students would reevaluate their scholastic competence after a transition, given new social comparison groups and the possible increased emphasis on grades and competence evaluation in higher grades. Resultant changes in perceived competence, in turn, should impact motivational orientation, anxiety, and affect. As we predicted, we found changes in perceived competence across the transition to be related to changes in motivation and to school-related affect and anxiety after the transition. In the second study, we examined whether the hypothesized grade-related changes in the educational environment were actually experienced by children. The large majority of middle school students in our sample did report an increasing emphasis on grades, competition, and performance evaluation with each new grade, fostering greater focus on their own competence. These children reported relatively more extrinsic motivational orientation and higher levels of scholastic anxiety and viewed academic success as more important than did their peers, who rated the environment to be less performance focused. Children’s affective reactions to their academic performance were also related to both their perceptions of competence and their motivational orientations. Overall, our findings suggest that changing emphases in the educational environment, of which children seem to be well aware, have complicated academic outcomes, depending on the individual resources children bring with them into the school environment.
IMPACT OF TRAINING ON BEER FLAVOR PERCEPTION AND DESCRIPTION: ARE TRAINED AND UNTRAINED SUBJECTS REALLY DIFFERENT?

This study examines the effect of beer assessment training on verbal and nonverbal performance. Two groups of subjects are asked to sort, match, and describe a set of 12 beers (6 supplemented and 6 commercial beers). Subjects from the first group are enrolled in a beer-training program. Subjects in the second group are untrained beer consumers. Results show that although both groups perform the matching task equally well, trained subjects performed better on supplemented beers and untrained subjects on commercial beers. Examination of the generated vocabulary shows that 44% of the terms are common to trained and untrained subjects. However, an analysis of the terms' efficiency shows that whereas for trained subjects, precise terms are more efficient than intensity or hedonic terms; the opposite is observed for untrained subjects. This suggests that it is not the term itself that is important but the common reference associated to it. Les roles des panels d'experts dans les industries est important en developpement mais aussi en controle de routine pour maintenir la qualite du produit. Ils sont selectionnes pour leur habilite sensorielle et entraines a decrire les caracteristiques des produits, a les differencier et a mettre en evidence leurs defauts. Cette etude examine l'effet de l'entrainement a l'evaluation sensorielle de la biere sur les performances verbales et non verbales. 2 groupes de sujets doivent trier, opposer, decrire une serie de 12 bieres (6 supplementees et 6 commerciales). Les sujets du premier groupe sont engages dans un programme d'entrainement d'evaluation sensorielle de la biere. Les sujets du second groupe sont des consommateurs non entraines. Les resultats montrent que la principale difference entre les 2 groupes est la qualite du vocabulaire utilise.
Parent and Teacher Perceptions of Outcomes for Typically Developing Children Enrolled in Integrated Early Childhood Programs

We conducted a survey of 125 parents and 95 teachers currently involved in programs integrating children with disabilities into regular preschool and kindergarten classes. In contrast to the predominance of earlier research on mainstreaming and social integration which has focused mainly on children with disabilities, the focus of this study was on outcomes of this arrangement for typically developing children. Results indicated that both parents and teachers of typically developing children perceived important benefits accruing to these children as a result of their Involvement in the integrated program. The data further indicated that common concerns about potential drawbacks to integration, such as reduction in teacher attention to typically developing children, were not generally perceived as problems in these programs. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for broadening the rationale for Integrated programs to include more focused consideration of the potential benefits of mainstreaming for all children.
Radial variation of whistler-mode chorus: first results from the STAFF/DWP instrument on board the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft

Abstract. We use the first measurements of the STAFF/DWP instrument on the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft to investigate whistler-mode chorus. We present initial results of a systematic study on radial variation of dawn chorus. The chorus events show an increased intensity at L parameter above 6. This is important for the possible explanation of intensifications of chorus, which were previously observed closer to the Earth at higher latitudes. Our results also indicate that the upper band of chorus at frequencies above one-half of the electron cyclotron frequency disappears for L above 8. The lower band of chorus is observed at frequencies below 0.4 of the electron cyclotron frequency up to L of 11-12. The maxima of the chorus power spectra are found at slightly lower frequencies compared to previous studies. We do not observe any distinct evolution of the position of the chorus frequency band as a function of L. More data of the TC-1 spacecraft are needed to verify these initial results and to increase the MLT coverage.
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses and Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception

Introduction: Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are in an excellent position to address the high rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States by providing long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). These methods are significant in their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy in individual women and in having population‐level effects on unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study was to learn more about APRN practices around long‐acting reversible contraception and influences on those practices. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of APRNs who provide women's health services was conducted during the summer of 2015 using an existing adapted instrument with items on personal and patient characteristics, opinions, practices, and training around LARC methods. Zero‐inflated Poisson regression models were conducted to study the factors that influenced the number of LARC insertions in the past year. Results: While 84% of the 390 respondents were inserting intrauterine devices (IUDs) and 77% single‐rod implants, only 16% of these were inserting more devices than 5 years earlier. The most significant predictor of placement of these contraceptives was the clinical practice of requiring only one visit for completion. Discussion: National guidelines and recommendations have been in place for several years stating that women should be able to receive the contraceptive method of their choice in just one clinic visit. Women's access to LARCs from APRNs may be less than optimal. Additional research is needed to understand if the limitations in accessibility of this important reproductive health service are a function of clinician practices or clinic policies.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Very Young Woman: A Case Report and Critical Review of the Literature

Patient: Female, 19 Final Diagnosis: Lung adenocarcinoma Symptoms: Chest pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Ct scan and pet-ct Specialty: Oncology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Lung cancer in young patients is quite uncommon; clinical presentation and outcome in this population compared to the older group are not yet well defined and data about this setting are mostly single-institutional retrospective analyses. Case Report: We report here a case of a very young woman with diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma harboring EML4-ALK rearrangement; she underwent radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy according to the pathologic stage. Potential risk factors for lung cancer in our patient are discussed and clinico-pathologic features and outcomes of lung cancer in the young population compared to the elderly are reviewed through discussing studies with sample sizes larger than 100 patients. Conclusions: A wide clinical overview should be performed when lung cancer is diagnosed in a young patient. Large-population studies are required to define the molecular signature and clinical behavior of lung cancer in young patients.
An instrumental study of the monophthong vowels of Singapore English

The formants of the conversational vowels of five male and five female Singapore English (SgE) speakers are measured and compared with comparable measurements of British English (BrE) in order to gain a comprehensive view of the vowel space of Singaporean speakers and to determine which of the vowel distinctions of BrE are not maintained in SgE. It is found that the distinctions between /iː/ and /ɪ/ and also /e/ and /ae/ are not maintained in SgE, and any distinction between /ɔː/ and /ɒ/ is small. It is also found that SgE /uː/ is more back than BrE /uː/. It is further suggested that the fewer number of vowel contrasts in SgE does not contribute to much loss of intelligibility.
Working conditions of community interpreters in Sweden : Opportunities and shortcomings

The aim of this article is to describe and analyse the working conditions of interpreters and interpreting services in Sweden. An understanding of interpreters' working conditions is a key to such factors as the management of resources, the reading and implementation of legislation, the organisation of interpreting services and the performance of interpreters in different situations. An understanding of interpreters' working conditions is also important in understanding how multiculturalism and multilingualism are viewed on a national scale in Sweden. This review of the working conditions of interpreters is based on material from two joint research projects, which appear to indicate that interpreters as a group have much to say and often reflect on their work and working conditions. The interpreters participating in this study often demonstrated a strong commitment to professionalism. At the same time, however, many of the reflections recorded for this study were about things that undermine professionalism: bad working conditions, low pay, the feeling of being "as replaceable as potatoes", and the feeling that the social status of interpreters is low. In analysing the consequences of working conditions we have found a tension between professionalism and deprofessionalisation. This tension has consequences for the rule of law and integration.
Grade one peer and teacher feedback on student writing

This article examines a grade one teacher's support for her students’ writing development through formal peer and teacher feedback. The teacher modelled and provided examples of effective feedback and good writing in whole-class and small-group lessons and in her own one-on-one verbal feedback on student writing. She allocated time for the students to participate in formal peer-feedback sessions, in turn giving feedback to the students on the suggestions to one another during these sessions. Students gave more content-oriented than conventions-oriented feedback to each other. They revised the content and writing conventions of their writing in response to 90% of the feedback they received from their peers and teacher.
Growing Seed Genes from Time Series Data and Thresholded Boolean Networks with Perturbation

Models of gene regulatory networks (GRN) have been proposed along with algorithms for inferring their structure. By structure, we mean the relationships among the genes of the biological system under study. Despite the large number of genes found in the genome of an organism, it is believed that a small set of genes is responsible for maintaining a specific core regulatory mechanism (small subnetworks). We propose an algorithm for inference of subnetworks of genes from a small initial set of genes called seed and time series gene expression data. The algorithm has two main steps: First, it grows the seed of genes by adding genes to it, and second, it searches for subnetworks that can be biologically meaningful. The seed growing step is treated as a feature selection problem and we used a thresholded Boolean network with a perturbation model to design the criterion function that is used to select the features (genes). Given that the reverse engineering of GRN is a problem that does not necessarily have one unique solution, the proposed algorithm has as output a set of networks instead of one single network. The algorithm also analyzes the dynamics of the networks which can be time-consuming. Nevertheless, the algorithm is suitable when the number of genes is small. The results showed that the algorithm is capable of recovering an acceptable rate of gene interactions and to generate regulatory hypotheses that can be explored in the wet lab.
The reincarnation of the effective schools research: rethinking the literature on district effectiveness

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the district effectiveness literature. It begins by summarizing the school effectiveness research, the correlates of effective schools, and the conceptual and methodological characteristics of this field. It then describes the findings from a review of 50 studies of district effectiveness, the most frequently identified correlates of effective districts, and the conceptual and methodological features of this research. From there, it compares and contrasts the two fields, paying attention to the ways in which they frame notions of success, purposes of education, the contextualized nature of school performance, and theoretical explanations for student success.Design/methodology/approach – Data sources for this literature review included 50 primary documents on district effectiveness. The studies were bound to those that presented the original results from investigations of the relationship between district‐level policies, routines, behaviors, or other charac.