Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is two out of three enough for ABCG1?

Macrophages have the right tools to synthesize all the free cholesterol they need. If macrophages also could degrade cholesterol when they have too much, the concept of in vivo reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) would be irrelevant. Fortunately for those of us who do research in this area, the ability of macrophages to closely regulate their cellular cholesterol levels is accomplished not by cellular degradation, but by multiple complex cholesterol sensing regulatory pathways including enzyme systems for synthesizing it, esterifying it, and actively transporting it out of the cell. RTC can be defined as the transport of cholesterol from peripheral cells such as macrophages to circulating plasma lipoproteins that subsequently deliver the cholesterol to the liver for biliary excretion.1 Active transport of cholesterol out of cells to lipid-poor or lipid-free apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) is accomplished by the LXR-inducible ATP binding cassette transporter, ABCA1.2 This transporter exports both cellular cholesterol and phospholipid. Whereas ABCA1 exports cholesterol and phospholipid to lipid-free apolipoproteins, another more recently described LXR-inducible transporter, ABCG1 actively exports cellular cholesterol to high density lipoproteins (HDL) and other extracellular phospholipid-containing acceptors.3 Recently, it has been suggested that ABCA1 and ABCG1 work in concert to export cellular phospholipid and cholesterol. ABCA1 generates extracellular nascent or discoidal HDL, which then becomes an acceptor for ABCG1-mediated additional cholesterol efflux.4 Although this idea is logically sound, the relevant contributions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 to macrophage cholesterol export are still not completely understood. See pages 2295, 2301, 2308 Because ABCG1 is a key regulator of cellular lipid homeostasis3 one would predict that it plays a role in macrophage cholesterol homeostasis within the vessel wall to prevent or retard atherosclerotic lesion formation. In fact, the participation of ABCG1 in RCT from bone marrow–derived macrophage foam cells within aortic root lesions in …
Long-term recurrence of neoplasia and Barrett's epithelium after complete endoscopic resection

Background Current endoscopic therapy for neoplastic Barrett's oesophagus (BO) consists of complete resection/ablation of all Barrett's tissue including neoplastic lesions. Recurrence seems to be frequent after thermal therapy, such as radiofrequency ablation. Objective To analyse long-term recurrence of neoplasia and BO after successful widespread endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Design In a retrospective analysis, all patients undergoing widespread EMR of neoplastic BO between 2002 and 2007 at two referral centres were followed for at least 3 years after completion of endotherapy. Recurrence was diagnosed if neoplasia and/or BO were detected following previous successful complete removal, defined as at least two negative endoscopies and biopsies. Results Ninety patients undergoing widespread EMR were included (mean age 63 years; 82 male), 58% of whom underwent additional thermal ablation for minor residual disease. Complete eradication of neoplasia and Barrett's tissue was achieved in 90% of patients. On further follow-up (mean 64.8 months), recurrence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic BO was found in 6.2% and 39.5%, respectively. Recurring neoplasia (3 adenocarcinomas, 1 low-grade and 1 high-grade dysplasia) were found after a median of 44 months (range 38–85) and could be retreated endoscopically. In a multivariate analysis, Barrett's length was the only factor significantly associated with recurrence (OR 2.73). Conclusions Even after seemingly complete endoscopic resection, recurrence of BO is frequent and independent of additional thermal therapy. Due to the possibility of neoplasia recurrence even after long disease-free intervals, follow-up should be extended beyond 5 years.
Work, Home, and In-Between: A Longitudinal Study of Spillover

A longitudinal study of hospital-based health care professionals (N = 151) examined psychological states as a function of demands and resources in the workplace and at home. It found over the study interval (3 months) evidence of spillover relationships from the work to home environment, and to a lesser extent, evidence of spillover from home to work A structural equation model focused on change, by including only relationships that enhanced the prediction of each measure beyond its inherent consistency across the study interval. Further, it considered relationships across the work and home domains in the context of relationships within each domain, so that spillover relationships were always in addition to domain-specific relationships. The analysis found health care workers' sense of professional efficacy to have the most wide-ranging relationships, with links within the work domain, the home domain, and the boundary between these two domains. The results suggest that in contrast with the lagged relationships of accomplishment with other constructs, the relationship of emotional exhaustion with dysfunctional coping responses occurs within an immediate timeframe. The results are discussed in terms of an integrative model of work and family stress. The discussion makes suggestions for further research in this area.
Tetrameric assembly of KvLm K+ channels with defined numbers of voltage sensors

Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels are tetrameric assemblies in which each modular subunit consists of a voltage sensor and a pore domain. KvLm, the voltage-gated K+ channel from Listeria monocytogenes, differs from other Kv channels in that its voltage sensor contains only three out of the eight charged residues previously implicated in voltage gating. Here, we ask how many sensors are required to produce a functional Kv channel by investigating heterotetramers comprising combinations of full-length KvLm (FL) and its sensorless pore module. KvLm heterotetramers were produced by cell-free expression, purified by electrophoresis, and shown to yield functional channels after reconstitution in droplet interface bilayers. We studied the properties of KvLm channels with zero, one, two, three, and four voltage sensors. Three sensors suffice to promote channel opening with FL4-like voltage dependence at depolarizing potentials, but all four sensors are required to keep the channel closed during membrane hyperpolarization.
Early attention and negative emotionality predict later cognitive and behavioural function

Negative emotionality and poor attention may combine or interact as risk factors in development. Negative emotionality is considered a challenge for self-regulation, whereas good attention is a potential means of self-regulation. In the current study, composites of 1- and 2-year maternal ratings of negative emotionality and global ratings of observed attentiveness were predictors for 3.5-year cognitive and behavioural outcome for 75 children. Results of variable-based regression analyses indicated that early negativity and attentiveness predicted IQ and scores on a hyperactivity index; only negativity predicted a global measure of behaviour problems. Results of person-based analyses for groups formed by median splits on negativity and attention suggested that the More Negative/Less Attentive group had significantly poorer outcome than the other three groups combined (those with one or none of the two risk factors). Comparisons of mean differences also suggested a protective effect of greater attentiveness for more negative as opposed to less negative children for all outcomes. The results extend prior work in providing longitudinal data over the first 3 years and including both cognitive and behavioural outcomes.
Stimulation of Polo-Like Kinase 3 mRNA Decay by Tristetraprolin

ABSTRACT Polo-like protein kinase 3 (Plk3) has been proposed to regulate entry into S phase and promote apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Its mRNA contains three AU-rich elements (AREs) in its 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) that can contribute to the rapid degradation of labile transcripts. We investigated the possibility that tristetraprolin (TTP), a tandem CCCH zinc finger protein, could promote the decay of Plk3 transcripts. TTP is known to stimulate the deadenylation and decay of mRNAs possessing one or more copies of the consensus nonamer motif UUAUUUAUU. In stable mouse fibroblast cell lines derived from wild-type and TTP knockout littermates, the decay of Plk3 transcripts after serum stimulation was slowed in the absence of TTP. The specificity of TTP for promoting the degradation of Plk3 was demonstrated by the unaltered decay of Plk3 mRNA in cell lines deficient in the TTP family members ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2. We also found that the AREs present in the Plk3 transcript were essential for both the binding of TTP to the 3′-UTR and promoting the destruction of target transcripts in cotransfection experiments. The regulation of Plk3 mRNA stability by TTP may influence the control of the cell cycle by this protein kinase.
Atypical distal radial fractures in children

In a prospective study of paediatric injuries secondary to the use of the non-motorized microscooter, we found a high rate of upper limb trauma, and a distinct injury associated with the scooter. The most common single injury was a fracture of the distal third of radius and ulna, characterized by volar angulation of the distal fragment. This injury, akin to the Smiths fracture in adults, was predictive of scooter use in all cases. This pattern of injury was not repeated by any another mechanism of injury during the course of the study period. The mechanism of injury, seemingly specific to the scooter, is produced by a fall while continuing to clutch the handlebars, leading to palmar flexion and pronation of the wrist as they strike the ground. Fourteen children required admission and manipulation under anaesthesia. Four of these patients subsequently needed remanipulation under anaesthesia. This study suggests that the scooter is associated with a forearm fracture which is both distinctive and unstable.
Hemoglobin F Concentration as a Function of Age in Kuwaiti Sickle Cell Disease Patients

Objective: This study aimed to document the transition of hemoglobin (Hb) F levels from early childhood to adulthood in Kuwaiti sickle cell disease patients, investigating its relationship to sex, Hb genotype and coexistence of α-thalassemia trait. Subjects and Methods: The following parameters were extracted from the patients’ records: age, sex, Hb, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, red blood cell count, Hb F, Hb S, Hb A2 and α-globin genotype. Hb quantitation was performed with cation exchange HPLC, while α-globin genotype was determined by PCR. Results: Records were available for 149 patients, made up of 94 SS and 55 Sβ⁰thal; 83 males and 66 females, aged 3 months to 60 years (mean 10.5 ± 1.8). The mean Hb F level in the whole population was 21.5 ± 8.1% and was not significantly different between males and females, and SS or Sβ⁰thal. When the age groups were analyzed, the Hb F level was highest (28.9 ± 10.9%) in those below 5 years. Indeed, patients ≤2 years had a mean level of 31.9 ± 13.0%. There was no significant difference in the Hb F levels in SS patients with or without coexistent α-thal trait. Conclusions: Kuwaiti sickle cell disease patients below 5 years of age have close to 30% Hb F and this is probably a major reason why they usually do not present before this age, unlike patients elsewhere who present within the first year of life.
Compassionate Love for a Romantic Partner Across the Adult Life Span

Compassionate love has received research attention over the last decade, but it is as yet unclear how it is experienced over a lifetime. The purpose of this study was to investigate compassionate love for a romantic partner throughout the adult life span, exploring individual differences in the propensity to experience compassionate love in regard to age, gender, religion, love status, love styles, and subjective well-being. The results showed that religion and love status display significant effects on compassionate love. Believers experienced greater compassionate love than nonbelievers, and individuals in love presented greater compassionate love than those who were not in love. Love styles and subjective well-being were found to be related to compassionate love. These findings corroborate studies that indicate that individuals who experience higher compassionate love for a romantic partner are more likely to report Eros, Agape, and subjective well-being.
Delayed synchronization of activity in cortex and subthalamic nucleus following cortical stimulation in the rat

Oscillations may play a role in the functional organization of cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamocortical circuits, and it is important to understand their underlying mechanisms. The cortex often drives basal ganglia (BG) activity, and particularly, oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, the STN may also indirectly influence cortex. The aim of this study was to characterize the delayed (>200 ms) responses of STN neurons to synchronized cortical inputs, focusing on their relationship with oscillatory cortical activity. We recorded the short‐latency and delayed responses of STN units and frontal electrocorticogram (ECoG) to cortical stimulation in anaesthetized rats. Similar to previous studies, stimulation of ipsilateral frontal cortex, but not temporal cortex, evoked a short‐latency triphasic response, followed by a sustained reduction or pause in firing, in rostral STN units. Caudal STN units did not show the short‐latency triphasic response but often displayed a prolonged firing reduction. Oscillations in STN unit activity and ECoG were common after this sustained firing reduction, particularly between 200 and 600 ms after frontal cortical stimulation. These delayed oscillations were significantly coherent in a broad frequency band of 5–30 Hz. Coherence with ECoG at 5–15 Hz was observed throughout STN, though coherence at 15–30 Hz was largely restricted to rostral STN. Furthermore, oscillatory responses at 5–30 Hz in rostral STN predominantly led those in cortex (mean latency of 29 ms) after frontal cortical stimulation. These findings suggest that STN neurons responding to corticosubthalamic inputs may provide a delayed input to cortex, via BG output nuclei, and thence, thalamocortical pathways.
A Type-Theoretical system for the FraCaS test suite: Grammatical Framework meets Coq

We present a type-theoretical framework for formal semantics, which leverages two existing well established tools: Grammatical Framework (GF) and Coq. The framework is the semantic equivalent of GF’s resource grammars: every syntactic construction is mapped to a (compositional) semantics. Our tool thus extends the standard GF grammar with a formal semantic backbone. We evaluated our framework on 5 sections of the FraCaS test-suite (174 examples) and signiﬁcantly improved on the state of the art by 14 percentage points, obtaining 83% accuracy. Our semantics is free software and available at this url: http://github.com/GU-CLASP/FraCoq
A Design-Based Self-Study of the Development of Student Reflection in Teacher Education

Reflection is critical to successful pre-service teacher learning, but it is hard to teach and difficult for students to conceptualize. This article reports a self-study, with others, where a practitioner and colleagues scrutinized an intervention in teacher education. The study employed design-based methodology to examine an intervention in a teacher educator's own class. Students were invited to use teaching strategies such as investigating, problem solving or cooperative learning and to analyze aspects of episodes in their school-based experience when teaching with these strategies. In collaboration with others, the teacher educator gathered data on the effects of this intervention through interviews, focus groups, observation, records of lecturers' reflections, on-line discussion board records and students' portfolios. The findings revealed that the use of contextual anchors contributed to these students becoming reflective and exhibiting increasing levels of reflection. Over the semester they moved from simple descriptions of what was happening in their classroom to richer analysis of their practice. We locate this study in current developments in science teacher education with particular emphasis on reflective practices.
Reducing student ‘suspension rates’ and engaging students in learning: principal and teacher approaches that work

The negative effects of student suspension from school on both the individual and the community are well documented and relate to a wide range of matters, including school completion rates, homelessness and crime. Two recent, extensive reviews of student suspensions in government and non-government schools in N.S. W. (Gonczi and Riordan, 2002; Riordan and Gonczi, 2003) suggest that variations among schools in rates of student suspension may be best explained by ‘school effects’ and not characteristics of students. This article explores the key issues of principal and teacher attitudes and actions in relation to student suspensions with reference to three case studies. The discussion of these cases raises some key considerations for principals and teachers in difficult schools who wish to re-engage students in learning. Key themes discussed in this article include: the importance of a pedagogical as opposed to a punitive response to student misbehaviour; working in partnership with parents and the broader community to address behaviour and learning problems; and interpreting ‘state’ and ‘school system’ policies on student welfare and discipline through the lens of the school’s local context.
Automatic Determination of Shoulder Joint Limits Using Quaternion Field Boundaries

To provide efficient tools for the capture and modeling of acceptable virtual human poses, we propose a method for constraining the underlying joint structures based on real life data. Current tools for delimiting valid postures often employ techniques that do not represent joint limits in an intuitively satisfying manner, and furthermore are seldom directly derived from experimental data. Here, we propose a semi-automatic scheme for determining ball-and-socket joint limits by actual measurement and we apply it to modeling the shoulder complex, which—along with the hip complex—can be approximated by a three-degree-of-freedom ball-and-socket joint. Our first step is to measure the joint motion range using optical motion capture. We next convert the recorded values to joint poses encoded using a coherent quaternion field representation of the joint orientation space. Finally, we obtain a closed, continuous implicit surface approximation for the quaternion orientation-space boundary whose interior represents the complete space of valid orientations, enabling us to project invalid postures to the closest valid ones.
An Improved Ant Colony Optimization and Its Application on TSP Problem

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a kind of simulated evolutionary algorithm. It imitates ants' foraging process to find the shortest path, coexists with the characteristics of randomness and heuristic. It is applied successfully to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as the TSP problem, the job-shop scheduling problem, etc. In practical application, ACO has the limitation of easily being trapped into local optimum and long time to converge. We propose an improved ant colony optimization algorithm, consisting of introducing random factor and introducing elitist ants as well as weakened strategy. Random factor provides a direction to search within the field of the optimal path. Elitist ants and weakened strategy strengthens the pheromone above the shortest path and weakens the pheromone above the suboptimal path to decrease the accumulated impact. Both of them shorten the convergence time. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm has a better performance than the traditional one. It can not only find a shorter path but also cost less convergence time, along with satisfactory time complexity. The best path length of TSPlib pr136 we get is 96910, closed to official record 96772 and relative error is 0:14%.
Avaliação das habilidades cognitivas, da comunicação e neuromotoras de crianças com risco de alterações do desenvolvimento

The objective of this study was to assess the functional and neuropsychomotor skills of children who presented a clinical history of a risk for developmental alterations during their first year of life in the motor, cognitive, linguistic and psychosocial areas. Sixty children were assessed and classified into two groups: the Experimental Group (GI), made up of 30 children ranging from zero to two years and eleven months old, of both sexes, with a history of peri-, pre- and postnatal intercurrences and/or neuropsychomotor delay; the Control Group (GII), made up of 30 children without any history of developmental alterations, and matched according to sex and age. When the two groups (GI and GII) were compared, the results revealed a statistically significant difference in GI in the motor, language and cognitive areas. In the comparative analysis between the different areas, those that revealed the biggest detriment were the language and motor skills, followed by the cognitive skills. The psychosocial area was the least compromised and in the comparison between the two groups the scores were not statistically significant. This shows the influence of risk factors in the developmental process and the importance of an early follow-up with those children that reveal a history of intercurrences.
Why Communication Education is Important: The Centrality of the Discipline in the 21st Century

This study provides a rationale for the claim that communication instruction is critical to students’ future personal and professional success. Thematic analysis of 93 journal and newspaper articles, reports, and surveys provide evidence of the centrality of communication in developing the whole person, improving the educational enterprise, being a responsible social and cultural participant in the world, succeeding in one's career and in business, enhancing organizational processes and organizational life, and, addressing several emerging concerns in the 21st century including health communication, crisis communication, and crime and policing. The results of this study are compared to the themes identified in a similar study published in 2000.
IFT57 stabilizes the assembled intraflagellar transport complex and mediates transport of motility-related flagellar cargo

ABSTRACT Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the assembly and maintenance of flagella and cilia. Recent biochemical studies have shown that IFT complex B (IFT-B) is comprised of two subcomplexes, IFT-B1 and IFT-B2. The IFT-B2 subunit IFT57 lies at the interface between IFT-B1 and IFT-B2. Here, using a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant for IFT57, we tested whether IFT57 is required for IFT-B complex assembly by bridging IFT-B1 and IFT-B2 together. In the ift57-1 mutant, levels of IFT57 and other IFT-B proteins were greatly reduced at the whole-cell level. However, strikingly, in the protease-free flagellar compartment, while the level of IFT57 was reduced, the levels of other IFT particle proteins were not concomitantly reduced but were present at the wild-type level. The IFT movement of the IFT57-deficient IFT particles was also unchanged. Moreover, IFT57 depletion disrupted the flagellar waveform, leading to cell swimming defects. Analysis of the mutant flagellar protein composition showed that certain axonemal proteins were altered. Taken together, these findings suggest that IFT57 does not play an essential structural role in the IFT particle complex but rather functions to prevent it from degradation. Additionally, IFT57 is involved in transporting specific motility-related proteins. Highlighted Article: Intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein IFT57 maintains the pool size of IFT particles for ciliogenesis by stabilizing assembled IFT particle complexes, and is critical for flagellar waveform establishment.