Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic Potential of Two Sibling Species, Anisakis simplex (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae): In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

The pathogenic potentials of two sibling nematodes Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and A. pegreffii were compared by in vitro and in vivo studies. Live third-stage larvae of each species were subjected to agar blocks made using PBS or RPMI-1640, overlaid with different supernatants (artificial gastric juice, PBS, and RPMI-1640), and their penetration ability was compared. Their tolerance of artificial gastric juice was also tested. Further, they were introduced into rats by gastric intubation, and the in vivo locations of them were investigated. A. pegreffii showed higher penetration ability than A. simplex (s.s.) in most of the experimental conditions, except for the RPMI-1640 agar block overlaid with artificial gastric juice. In an acid tolerance test, the mean survival times were 6.1 days for A. simplex (s.s.) and 4.2 days for A. pegreffii. In an animal experiment, A. simplex (s.s.) stayed for a shorter time in the stomachs of rats than A. pegreffii. Some A. pegreffii and A. simplex (s.s.) were embedded in the gastric mucosa or freely existed in the abdominal cavity. All of these results suggest that A. pegreffii has the pathogenic potential to cause anisakidosis in humans when ingested, as does A. simplex (s.s.).
KEPLER-15b: A HOT JUPITER ENRICHED IN HEAVY ELEMENTS AND THE FIRST KEPLER MISSION PLANET CONFIRMED WITH THE HOBBY–EBERLY TELESCOPE

We report the discovery of Kepler-15b (KOI-128), a new transiting exoplanet detected by NASA's Kepler mission. The transit signal with a period of 4.94 days was detected in the quarter 1 (Q1) Kepler photometry. For the first time, we have used the High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS) at the Hobby–Eberly Telescope (HET) to determine the mass of a Kepler planet via precise radial velocity (RV) measurements. The 24 HET/HRS RVs and 6 additional measurements from the Fibre-fed Échelle Spectrograph spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope reveal a Doppler signal with the same period and phase as the transit ephemeris. We used one HET/HRS spectrum of Kepler-15 taken without the iodine cell to determine accurate stellar parameters. The host star is a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.36 ± 0.07) G-type main-sequence star with Teff = 5515 ± 124 K. The semi-amplitude K of the RV orbit is 78.7+8.5−9.5 m s−1, which yields a planet mass of 0.66 ± 0.1 MJup. The planet has a radius of 0.96 ± 0.06 RJup and a mean bulk density of 0.9 ± 0.2 g cm−3. The radius of Kepler-15b is smaller than the majority of transiting planets with similar mass and irradiation level. This suggests that the planet is more enriched in heavy elements than most other transiting giant planets. For Kepler-15b we estimate a heavy element mass of 30–40 M⊕.
Comparative Plasma Lipidome between Human and Cynomolgus Monkey: Are Plasma Polar Lipids Good Biomarkers for Diabetic Monkeys?

Background Non-human primates (NHP) are now being considered as models for investigating human metabolic diseases including diabetes. Analyses of cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma derived from NHPs can easily be achieved using methods employed in humans. Information pertaining to other lipid species in monkey plasma, however, is lacking and requires comprehensive experimental analysis. Methodologies/Principal Findings We examined the plasma lipidome from 16 cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis, using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS). We established novel analytical approaches, which are based on a simple gradient elution, to quantify polar lipids in plasma including (i) glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, PC; phosphatidylethanolamine, PE; phosphatidylinositol, PI; phosphatidylglycerol, PG; phosphatidylserine, PS; phosphatidic acid, PA); (ii) sphingolipids (sphingomyelin, SM; ceramide, Cer; Glucocyl-ceramide, GluCer; ganglioside mannoside 3, GM3). Lipidomic analysis had revealed that the plasma of human and cynomolgus monkey were of similar compositions, with PC, SM, PE, LPC and PI constituting the major polar lipid species present. Human plasma contained significantly higher levels of plasmalogen PE species (p<0.005) and plasmalogen PC species (p<0.0005), while cynomolgus monkey had higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acyls (PUFA) in PC, PE, PS and PI. Notably, cynomolgus monkey had significantly lower levels of glycosphingolipids, including GluCer (p<0.0005) and GM3 (p<0.0005), but higher level of Cer (p<0.0005) in plasma than human. We next investigated the biochemical alterations in blood lipids of 8 naturally occurring diabetic cynomolgus monkeys when compared with 8 healthy controls. Conclusions For the first time, we demonstrated that the plasma of human and cynomolgus monkey were of similar compositions, but contained different mol distribution of individual molecular species. Diabetic monkeys exhibited decreased levels of sphingolipids, which are microdomain-associated lipids and are thought to be associated with insulin sensitivity. Significant increases in PG species, which are precursors for cardiolipin biosynthesis in mitochondria, were found in fasted diabetic monkeys (n = 8).
Toward scalable internet traffic measurement and analysis with Hadoop

Internet traffic measurement and analysis has long been used to characterize network usage and user behaviors, but faces the problem of scalability under the explosive growth of Internet traffic and high-speed access. Scalable Internet traffic measurement and analysis is difficult because a large data set requires matching computing and storage resources. Hadoop, an open-source computing platform of MapReduce and a distributed file system, has become a popular infrastructure for massive data analytics because it facilitates scalable data processing and storage services on a distributed computing system consisting of commodity hardware. In this paper, we present a Hadoop-based traffic monitoring system that performs IP, TCP, HTTP, and NetFlow analysis of multi-terabytes of Internet traffic in a scalable manner. From experiments with a 200-node testbed, we achieved 14 Gbps throughput for 5 TB files with IP and HTTP-layer analysis MapReduce jobs. We also explain the performance issues related with traffic analysis MapReduce jobs.
Methods and Indicators Advances in Measuring the Environmental and Social Impacts of Environmental Programs

Arctic sea ice decline has led to an amplification of surface warming and is projected to continue to decline from anthropogenic forcing, although the exact timing of ice-free summers is uncertain owing to large natural variability. Sea ice reductions affect surface heating patterns and the atmospheric pressure distribution, which may alter midlatitude extreme weather patterns. Increased light penetration and nutrient availability during spring from earlier ice breakup enhances primary production in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent shelf seas. Ice-obligate marine mammals may be losers, 57 A nn u. R ev . E nv ir on . R es ou rc . 2 01 4. 39 :5 789 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g by U ni ve rs ity o f A la sk a Fa ir ba nk s on 1 0/ 20 /1 4. F or p er so na l u se o nl y. EG39CH03-Bhatt ARI 7 October 2014 12:33 whereas seasonally migrant species may be winners from rapid sea ice decline. Tundra greening is occurring across most of the Arctic, driven primarily by warming temperatures, and is displaying complex spatial patterns that are likely tied to other factors. Sea ice changes are affecting greenhouse gas exchanges as well as halogen chemistry in the Arctic. This review highlights the heterogeneous nature of Arctic change, which is vital for researchers to better understand.
Logical definition of analogical proportion and its fuzzy extensions

An analogical proportion is a statement of the form "A is to B as C is to D". In a logical setting, items A,B,C and D are Boolean vectors. This notion is at the core of analogical reasoning. This paper proposes a sound definition of analogical proportion, based on a logical expression that holds true for each vector component if and only if the analogical proportion holds true. The analogical equation, where D is unknown, is also discussed. The logical expression of the analogical proportion has several equivalent forms, which may lead to distinct extensions when the vector components takes its values in the unit interval, depending on the choice of the multiple-valued connectives. Applications to case-based and approximate reasoning, and to learning are outlined.
Non-Hanan routing

This work presents a Steiner tree construction procedure, maximum delay violation Elmore routing tree, to meet specified sink arrival time constraints. It is shown that the optimal tree requires the use of non-Hanan points. The procedure works in two phases: a minimum-delay Steiner Elmore routing tree is first constructed using a minor variant of the Steiner Elmore routing tree procedure, after which the tree is iteratively modified, using an efficient search method, to reduce its length. The search method exploits the piecewise concavity of the delay function to arrive at a solution efficiently. Experimental results show that this procedure works particularly well for technologies where the interconnect resistance dominates, and significant cost savings are shown to be generated.
A Snapshot of NLG Evaluation Practices 2005 - 2014

In this paper we present a snapshot of endto-end NLG system evaluations as presented in conference and journal papers1 over the last ten years in order to better understand the nature and type of evaluations that have been undertaken. We find that researchers tend to favour specific evaluation methods, and that their evaluation approaches are also correlated with the publication venue. We further discuss what factors may influence the types of evaluation used for a given NLG system.
Searching High-Redshift Large-Scale Structures: Photometry of Four Fields around Quasar Pairs at z ~ 1

We have studied the photometric properties of four fields around the high-redshift quasar pairs QP 1310+0007, QP 1355-0032, QP 0110-0219, and QP 0114-3140 at z ~ 1 with the aim of identifying large-scale structures (galaxy clusters or groups) around them. This sample was observed with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectograph (GMOS) at the Gemini North and South telescopes in the g′, r′, i′, and z′ bands, and our photometry is complete to a limiting magnitude of i′ ~ 24 mag (corresponding to ~M + 2 at the redshift of the pairs). Our analysis reveals that QP 0110-0219 shows very strong and QP 1310+0007 and QP 1355-0032 show some evidence for the presence of rich galaxy clusters in direct vicinity of the pairs. On the other hand, QP 0114-3140 could be an isolated pair in a poor environment. This work suggest that z ~ 1 quasar pairs are excellent tracers of high-density environments, and the same technique may be useful to find clusters at higher redshifts.
When Journalism and Automation Intersect: Assessing the Influence of the Technological Field on Contemporary Newsrooms

ABSTRACT In this era of “big data”, where information circulates in unprecedented amounts, this paper examines the use of automation in newsrooms to manage the data deluge—not from the perspective of newsworkers, but from the technologists driving these digital innovations instead. These technologists, in their work with journalists, have to learn about journalistic rules while carrying with them technology’s own internal logic. Using field theory and in-depth interviews with leading technological firms in data science and management, this study maps out the principles and practices of the technological field and the pressures and powers it exerts on the journalistic field today. Study findings reveal the extent to which technological firms are able to impose their own logics on the journalistic field and become a potentially transformative force, challenging traditional conceptions of what journalism is.
A Unified Approach to QoS-Guaranteed Scheduling for Channel-Adaptive Wireless Networks

Scheduling amounts to allocating optimally channel, rate and power resources to multiple connections with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. It constitutes a throughput-critical task at the medium access control layer of today's wireless networks that has been tackled by seemingly unrelated information-theoretic and protocol design approaches. Capitalizing on convex optimization and stochastic approximation tools, the present paper develops a unified framework for channel-aware QoS-guaranteed scheduling protocols for use in adaptive wireless networks whereby multiple terminals are linked through orthogonal fading channels to an access point, and transmissions are (opportunistically) adjusted to the intended channel. The unification encompasses downlink and uplink with time-division or frequency-division duplex operation; full and quantized channel state information comprising a few bits communicated over a limited-rate feedback channel; different types of traffic (best effort, non-real-time, real-time); uniform and optimal power loading; off-line optimal scheduling schemes benchmarking fundamentally achievable rate limits; as well as on-line scheduling algorithms capable of dynamically learning the intended channel statistics and converging to the optimal benchmarks from any initial value. The take-home message offers an important cross-layer design guideline: judiciously developed, yet surprisingly simple, channel-adaptive, on-line schedulers can approach information-theoretic rate limits with QoS guarantees.
DOES LEADERSHIP IN NETWORKS MATTER? Examining the Effect of Leadership Behaviors on Managers’ Perceptions of Network Effectiveness

The empirical literature in public management only occasionally speaks to leadership in networks as a possible determinant of network effectiveness. This paper attempts to address this research gap by empirically examining leadership behaviors exhibited by public managers in their external network and the degree to which such behavior contributes to how well the network meets the needs of the manager’s jurisdiction. Using a sample of more than 500 network leaders, the findings demonstrate that different types of leadership do play an important role in network effectiveness within the context of a highly collaborative field, that of local emergency management.
Bid Anticipation, Information Revelation, and Merger Gains

Because firms’ takeover motives are unobservable to investors, mergers are only partially anticipated and often appear as mixed blessings for acquirers. I construct and estimate a model to study the causes and consequences of bid anticipation and information revelation in mergers. Controlling for the market’s reassessment of the acquirer’s stand-alone value, I estimate that acquirers gain 4% from a typical merger. The total value of an active merger market averages 13% for acquirers, part of which is capitalized in their pre-merger market values. My model also explains the correlation between announcement returns and firm characteristics, as well as the low predictability of mergers.
Rethinking User Interfaces for Feature Location

Locating features in large software systems is a fundamental maintenance task for developers when fixing bugs and extending software. We introduce In Situ Impact Insight (I3), a novel user interface to support feature location. In addition to a list of search results, I3 provides support for developers during browsing and inspecting the retrieved code entities. In situ visualizations augment results and source code with additional information relevant for further exploration. Developers are able to retrieve details on the textual similarity of a source code entity to the search query and to other entities, as well as the information on co-changed entities from a project's history. Execution traces recorded during program runs can be used as filters to further refine the search results. We implemented I3 as an Eclipse plug-in and tested it in a user study involving 18 students and professional developers that were asked to perform three feature location tasks chosen from the issue tracking system of jEdit. The results of our study suggest that I3's user interface is intuitive and unobtrusively supports developers with the required information when and where they need it.
Hidalgo Sets Sail: A School District Supports All Students in Earning College Credits.

When you fly over South Texas toward the Rio Grande Valley, the land stretches flat in a patchwork of rectangular shades of emerald. Here and there amid the fields you see the red or white rooftops of development, the zigzags of trailer parks, and the flat rooftops of apartment buildings, warehouses, and shopping outlets. On ribbons of asphalt flanked by palms, trucks and cars seem to make slow headway. Between the fields, another cargo drifts even more leisurely, as water from the Rio Grande flows along a vast array of canals to bring productivity to the soil. All the sugarcane and citrus produced in the state comes from South Texas, which is also a large exporter of sorghum grain, cotton, and onions. As you look across the groves and fields toward the horizon, you might glimpse—beyond the stark border wall still being erected—the slow, gracious curves of the wide river itself, its water reflecting the vivid contours of sunset. What you might miss in flying over so fast is a small city nestled in one of those broad curves of the Rio Grande. This border town, with its active international bridge, used to be the seat of government for Hidalgo County—and is still its namesake. Its quaint pumping-station museum and forested birding trails attract visitors, Hidalgo Sets Sail A School District Supports All Students in Earning College Credits
Outcomes of Early Administration of Cidofovir in Non-Immunocompromised Patients with Severe Adenovirus Pneumonia

The benefits of treatment with antiviral therapy for severe adenovirus (AdV) pneumonia are not well established. We described the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of early cidofovir treatment of severe AdV pneumonia in non-immunocompromised patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with severe AdV pneumonia between 2012 and 2014. A total of seven non-immunocompromised patients with severe AdV pneumonia were identified, and all isolates typed (n = 6) were human AdV-B55. All patients had progressive respiratory failure with lobar consolidation with or without patchy ground glass opacity. Three patients required vasopressors and mechanical ventilation. All patients had abnormal laboratory findings including: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or elevated liver enzymes. After admission, all patients received antiviral therapy with cidofovir, and the median time from admission to cidofovir administration was 48 h and median the time from onset of symptoms to cidofovir administration was 7.1 days. After cidofovir administration, complete symptomatic improvement occurred after a median of 12 days and radiographic resolution occurred after a median of 21 days. Consequently, all patients completely improved without complications. Our data suggest that early administration of cidofovir in the course of treatment for respiratory failure as a result of AdV pneumonia in non-immunocompromised patients could be a treatment strategy worth considering, especially in cases of HAdV-55 infection.
Generation of 3D functional microvascular networks with mural cell-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells in microfluidic vasculogenesis systems

The generation of functional microvascular networks is critical for the development of advanced in vitro models to replicate pathophysiological conditions. Mural cells provide structural support to blood vessels and secrete biomolecules contributing to vessel stability and functionality. We investigated the role played by two endothelium-related molecules, angiopoietin (Ang-1) and transforming growth factor (TGF- β 1), on bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cell (BM-hMSC) phenotypic transition toward a mural cell lineage, both in monoculture and in direct contact with human endothelial cells (ECs), within 3D fibrin gels in microfluidic devices. We demonstrated that the effect of these molecules is dependent on direct heterotypic cell-cell contact. Moreover, we found a significant increase in the amount of α -smooth muscle actin in microvascular networks with added VEGF and TGF- β 1 or VEGF and Ang-1 compared to networks with added VEGF alone. However, the addition of TGF- β 1 generated a non-interconnected applications in the development of advanced in vitro models to study complex biological phenomena involving functional and perfusable microvascular networks.
Combining probabilities of occurrence with spatial reserve design

Summary 1. There is a great concern about the loss of biodiversity that calls for more nature protection. Unfortunately, the funding available for conservation is limited, and often a compromise is needed between nature protection and economic interests. Reserve selection algorithms are optimization techniques that concentrate on identifying a set of reserves that represents biodiversity efficiently. Simple approaches to reserve selection use presence‐absence data assuming that if a species occurs in a selected reserve, it will persist there indefinitely. 2. A refinement of this technique is the selection of reserves according to the local probabilities of occurrence of the given species. These can be estimated from habitat models fitted by empirical modelling techniques. However, local probabilities of occurrence are not static, and are influenced by the changing threats to biodiversity in and around the reserves. 3. The effects of landscape change can be minimized when compact reserves are favoured. Compact reserves that represent all species with a given target probability of occurrence can be achieved by combining the probability approach with spatial reserve design. 4. In this study we brought together two reserve selection approaches that implicitly deal with biodiversity persistence, by combining habitat models and spatial reserve design in a single algorithm. We applied the combined algorithm to a data set of 26 species of butterflies from north Wales. 5. For the particular case study addressed in this paper, clustered reserve networks could be identified at no or a small increase in cost. 6. A new, backwards, heuristic algorithm performed better and more consistently than the regular forwards heuristic approach. 7. Synthesis and applications . The reserve selection approach presented considers habitat quality (via probabilities of occurrence) and the spatial configuration of the reserves during the selection process. Emphasis on reserve networks that include high-quality sites in an aggregated manner increases the potential for long-term persistence of species in the reserve network.
Neuroscience and education: developmental study of a hemispherectomy case / Neurociencia y educación: estudio evolutivo de un caso de hemisferectomía

Abstract Neuroscience, psychology, and education are disciplines with different philosophies and methods. Although an interdisciplinary approach is an opportunity to explore the educational implications of neuropsychological research, a good model for this dialogue does not exist yet. To promote the integration of these disciplines, which investigate human learning, the present work analyzes a hemispherectomy case study of a high-functioning young boy. Our goal is to present a neuropsychological vision about learning, the mind, and the influence of the context. This case is extremely rare, as not many individuals have been treated with this technique, and must be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, the presented case study, and other similar cases that we will mention, afford a unique angle from which we can explore neuroscientific principles such as: the brain is highly plastic, the brain is changed by experience and learning, and human brains are as unique as faces. The goal is to promote the integration of neuroscience, psychology and education with a note of attention to misconceptions and myths in a science not completely known yet.