Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social capital and leisure time physical activity: a population based multilevel analysis in Malmö, Sweden

Objective: To investigate the influence of social capital and individual factors on the level of leisure time physical inactivity in the neighbourhoods. Methods: The public health survey in Malmö 1994 is a cross sectional study. A total of 5600 people aged 20–80 years were invited to answer a postal questionnaire. The participation rate was 71%. A multilevel logistic regression model, with individuals at the first level and neighbourhoods at the second, was performed. The effect (intra-area correlation, cross level modification, and odds ratios) was analysed of individual and neighbourhood (the 1993 migration out of an area as a proxy for social capital) factors on leisure time physical inactivity after adjustment for individual factors. Results: Neighbourhood factors accounted for 5.0% of the crude total variance in physical inactivity. This effect was significantly reduced when the individual factors, especially country of origin, education, and social participation, were included in the model. In contrast, it was not reduced by the introduction of the contextual social capital variable. Conclusion: This study suggests that in the neighbourhoods of Malmö leisure time physical inactivity is mainly affected by individual factors.
A unified coding scheme for hybrid transmission of Gaussian source over Gaussian channel

We show that when transmitting a Gaussian source over an average-power-constrained Gaussian channel with mismatched bandwidth, there exists an uncountable set of hybrid digital analog schemes which are optimal under the minimum mean squared error criterion. This generalizes the recent result by Bross et al. that for the bandwidth matched case, there exists an uncountable set of optimal schemes, with the uncoded transmission and the separation approach being the two extremes. The proposed schemes for bandwidth expansion and compression both require proper combination of various components such as power splitting, bandwidth splitting, rate splitting, Wyner-Ziv coding and dirty-paper coding. This set of schemes includes all the existing known optimal schemes as special cases. We show that this set of schemes can be applied to the broadcast scenario with three receivers, when the receiver with median channel SNR achieves optimal distortion, and it offers distortion tradeoff between of the good receiver and bad receiver. Interestingly, though continuous, this tradeoff curve is in fact concave, implying that its performance is worse than a direct time-sharing approach in this three user scenario. We further show even in a more general broadcast setting with a continuum of receivers the time sharing scheme is better than any given scheme in this set; somewhat surprisingly, there exists a unique time-sharing ratio for this to hold.
First Survey of the Wheat Chromosome 5A Composition through a Next Generation Sequencing Approach

Wheat is one of the world's most important crops and is characterized by a large polyploid genome. One way to reduce genome complexity is to isolate single chromosomes using flow cytometry. Low coverage DNA sequencing can provide a snapshot of individual chromosomes, allowing a fast characterization of their main features and comparison with other genomes. We used massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing to obtain a 2x coverage of wheat chromosome 5A. The resulting sequence assembly was used to identify TEs, genes and miRNAs, as well as to infer a virtual gene order based on the synteny with other grass genomes. Repetitive elements account for more than 75% of the genome. Gene content was estimated considering non-redundant reads showing at least one match to ESTs or proteins. The results indicate that the coding fraction represents 1.08% and 1.3% of the short and long arm respectively, projecting the number of genes of the whole chromosome to approximately 5,000. 195 candidate miRNA precursors belonging to 16 miRNA families were identified. The 5A genes were used to search for syntenic relationships between grass genomes. The short arm is closely related to Brachypodium chromosome 4, sorghum chromosome 8 and rice chromosome 12; the long arm to regions of Brachypodium chromosomes 4 and 1, sorghum chromosomes 1 and 2 and rice chromosomes 9 and 3. From these similarities it was possible to infer the virtual gene order of 392 (5AS) and 1,480 (5AL) genes of chromosome 5A, which was compared to, and found to be largely congruent with the available physical map of this chromosome.
Early Neurological Outcome of Young Infants Exposed to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors during Pregnancy: Results from the Observational SMOK Study

Background Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) during pregnancy is common while the effect on the infant’s neurological outcome is unknown. Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal SSRI-exposure on the infants’ neurological functioning, adjusted for maternal mental health. Methods A prospective observational study from May 2007 to April 2010. The study groups comprised 63 SSRI-exposed infants (SSRI group) and 44 non-exposed infants (non-SSRI group). Maternal depression and anxiety were measured using questionnaires. The main outcome measures during the first week after birth and at three to four months were the quality of the infants’ general movements (GMs) according to Prechtl and a detailed motor optimality score. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for abnormal GM quality in the SSRI and non-SSRI groups, and adjusted for maternal depression, anxiety, and other confounders. The study was registered under 53506435 in the ISRCTN. Findings All infants were born around term. During the first week, abnormal GMs occurred more frequently in the SSRI group than in the non-SSRI group (59% versus 33%) and the median MOS was lower (13 versus 18). The OR for abnormal GMs in the SSRI versus the non-SSRI group was 3·0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 6.9) and increased after adjustment for confounders. At three to four months, more SSRI-exposed infants had monotonous movements (48% versus 20%) with lower median MOSs (26 versus 28). The OR for monotonous movements was 3·5 (95% CI, 1.5 to 8.6) and increased after adjusting for confounders. Interpretation Prenatal exposure to SSRI had an adverse effect on early neurological functioning as reflected by GM quality, irrespective of maternal depression and anxiety, and other confounders. Physicians should take this into account in consultation with parents.
Visualizing and discovering web navigational patterns

Web site structures are complex to analyze. Cross-referencing the web structure with navigational behaviour adds to the complexity of the analysis. However, this convoluted analysis is necessary to discover useful patterns and understand the navigational behaviour of web site visitors, whether to improve web site structures, provide intelligent on-line tools or offer support to human decision makers. Moreover, interactive investigation of web access logs is often desired since it allows ad hoc discovery and examination of patterns not a priori known. Various visualization tools have been provided for this task but they often lack the functionality to conveniently generate new patterns. In this paper we propose a visualization tool to visualize web graphs, representations of web structure overlaid with information and pattern tiers. We also propose a web graph algebra to manipulate and combine web graphs and their layers in order to discover new patterns in an ad hoc manner.
Study on structure variations of incommensurately modulated labradorite feldspars with different cooling histories

Abstract The incommensurately modulated structures of three intermediate plagioclase feldspars with compositions of ~An51 are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The samples selected cover a range of different cooling rate, from relatively fast to extremely slow. The structures show various ordering states that are directly correlated with the cooling histories of the samples. The slowest cooled sample shows an e1 structure with strong density modulation, along with nanoscale exsolution lamellae. The fastest cooled sample displays an e2 structure, without second-order satellite reflections (f-reflections) and density modulation. The sample with intermediate cooling rate shows a less ordered e1 structure with weak density modulation, but the modulation period and orientation are the same as in e2 structure. The comparison of the structures with the same composition reveals the ordering process and phase transitions during the cooling of plagioclase within the compositional range of Bøggild intergrowth. New parameters from modulation waves can be used for quantifying the ordering state of plagioclase feldspars. Proposed phase relationship and T-T-T diagram for ~An51 plagioclase feldspars are illustrated for explaining the relationship among C1, e1 and e2 structures, and relative cooling rates of their host rocks.
Investigating the Effect of Statins on the Human Non-Canonical Inflammasome

Inflammasomes are crucial components of the innate immune system, functioning as early detectors of various types of infections to produce an inflammatory response. The non-canonical inflammasome (NCI) is activated by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer cell membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. Cytosolic LPS is detected by guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP-1) which forms a complex with other GBPs to recruit and oligomerize caspase-4/-5, resulting in pyroptosis, a form of inflammatory cell death accompanied by the release of interleukins (IL) 1β and 18. This pathway is important for immune responses to many pathogens including Salmonella . Recent studies suggest that GBP prenylation plays an important role as a “lipid anchor”, stabilizing the GBP complex on the OM. This post-translational modification requires an isoprenoid group, a product of cholesterol metabolism via the mevalonate kinase pathway Statins are some of the most prescribed drugs, mainly used to treat hypercholesterolaemia through inhibition the mevalonate pathway. However, their effect on the NCI and GBP prenylation is unknown. Through this thesis, I tested the hypothesis that statins impacted NCI activation. My experiments with LPS transfections in IFNγ-primed HIEC-6 primary epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages showed significant reduction of pyroptosis after overnight treatment with Mevastatin, supporting this hypothesis. In addition, I showed that GBP-1 might be more important for NCI activation in THP-1 cells than previously thought. Infecting these cells with Salmonella Typhimurium resulted in marked decrease of IL-1β secretion after Mevastatin treatment but the cell death response was varied; death of HIEC cells significantly increased, whereas THP-1 cells only exhibited the same effect when GBPs 1/-2 were absent or after treatment with the caspase-1/-4 inhibitor VX-765. Our findings suggest that inflammasome inhibition during Salmonella infection may result in
A conceptual model of supply chain flexibility

This paper presents an integrated conceptual model of supply chain flexibility. It examines flexibility classification schemes and the commonalities of flexibility typologies published in the literature to create a theoretical foundation for analyzing the components of supply chain flexibility. Even though there has been a tremendous amount of research on the topic of flexibility, most of it has been confined to intra‐firm flexibility concerns. As supply chain management goes beyond a firm’s boundaries, the flexibility strategies must also extend beyond the firm. This paper identifies the cross‐enterprise nature of supply chain flexibility and the need to improve flexibility measures across firms. Opportunities are identified for future cross‐functional research that builds on this theoretical foundation and leads to more effective formulation of supply chain strategies.
Lossy Compression for Wireless Seismic Data Acquisition

In this paper, we rigorously compare compressive sampling (CS) to four state of the art, on-mote, lossy compression algorithms [K-run-length encoding (KRLE), lightweight temporal compression (LTC), wavelet quantization thresholding and run-length encoding (WQTR), and a low-pass filtered fast Fourier transform (FFT)]. Specifically, we first simulate lossy compression on two real-world seismic data sets, and we then evaluate algorithm performance using implementations on real hardware. In terms of compression ratios, recovered signal error, power consumption, on-mote execution runtime, and classification accuracy of a seismic event detection task (on decompressed signals), results show that CS performs comparable to (and in many cases better than) the other algorithms evaluated. A main benefit to users is that CS, a lightweight and nonadaptive compression technique, can guarantee a desired level of compression performance (and thus, radio usage and power consumption) without subjugating recovered signal quality. Our contribution is a novel and rigorous comparison of five state of the art, on-mote, lossy compression algorithms in simulation on real-world data sets and in implementations on hardware.
Salivary Functional Antibody Secretion Is Reduced in Older Adults: A Potential Mechanism of Increased Susceptibility to Bacterial Infection in the Elderly.

BACKGROUND Bacterial infections in the elderly are common and associated with high morbidity and mortality, with pneumonia the second commonest cause of death. Reductions in antibodies against specific bacterial antigens in saliva and serum could contribute to infection risk in older adults, although they have yet to be examined in relation to age. METHOD IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels in paired saliva and serum samples were measured against 12 pneumococcal, 4 meningococcal and haemophilus polysaccharide antigens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in healthy younger (n = 28, 21-34 years) and older (n = 44, 60-80 years) adults. RESULTS Older adults had lower antibody concentrations in saliva than young adults, with the most striking differences observed for salivary antibody secretion rates. In serum, older adults registered lower concentrations for only a minority of antibodies. Young adults who had previously received a polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination (PPV23) had higher levels of anti-pneumococcal antibodies in serum and in saliva. Only minor differences were observed in antibody levels between older adults who had/had not received PPV23, and there was no evidence of memory in saliva. CONCLUSIONS Age differences were much greater in salivary antibodies than in serum; older adults had reduced salivary secretion rates of antibodies across bacterial antigens. This decline in local immunity may contribute to increased infection risk in the elderly. The poor memory from pneumococcal vaccination in serum and saliva suggests that PPV23 may be ineffective in older adults for both systemic and local protection.
Antioxidant status, antihyperlipidemic activity, and serum Antioxidant status, antihyperlipidemic activity, and serum electrolyte levels in dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress in electrolyte levels in dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats treated with vitamin E Wistar rats treated

Objectives: Dexamethasone (Dex) is an anti-inflammatory drug with serious side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate, antioxidants status, antihyperlipidemic activity, and serum electrolyte levels of rats treated with Vitamin E in Dex-induced oxidative stress. Materials and Methods : Wistar rats of both sexes were assigned to four groups ( n = 6). The control group was fed with standard rat feed and water, while Dex group received 30 µ g/kg of Dex. Vitamin E group received 300 IU/kg of vitamin E, while Dex + Vitamin E group received 30 µ g/kg of Dex and 300 IU/kg of vitamin E. After 14 days of administration, blood samples were taken through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis and the liver for histological analysis. Results: Triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly ( P < 0.05) raised, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced in Dex only group when compared with control and vitamin E only groups. The treatment with vitamin E significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced these biochemical parameters and increased HDL-cholesterol and SOD level when compared with Dex group. Electrolyte levels in Dex only and vitamin E-treated groups were comparable with the control group. Conclusion: Vitamin E can ameliorate hyperlipidemia and antioxidant imbalance caused by Dex in rats.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology Effect of Foliar Spray of Ascorbic Acid, Zn, Seaweed Extracts (sea) Force and Biofertilizers (em-1) on Vegetative Growth and Root Growth of Olive (olea Europaea L.) Transplants Cv. Hojblanca

The study was conducted at the nursery of Malta station/ Duhok. Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the season 2011 to study the effect of Ascorbic acid(Vitamin C), Zn, sea weed extracts(Sea force) and Biofertilizers (EM-1) on vegetative growth and root growth of two year old of olive cultivar (HojBlanca), the transplant were sprayed with four levels of Ascorbic acid (0, 250,500 and 750mg.l-1) by using Vitamin C (20 %)as a source of Ascorbic acid and three levels of Zn(0, 15 and 30mg.l-1),three level of sea weed extracts(Sea force) (0,1 and 2 mg.l-1)and three level of biofertilizer (EM-1) (0, 0.5 and 1 mL.L-1) Foliar application of Sea force at 2ml.l-1 increased significantly plant height, leaf number and leaf dry weight. Increasing Zn level up 30mg.l-1 significantly increase stem diameter(mm). However 500mg.l-1 Ascorbic acid increase significantly leaf area and shoot number/plant also Ascorbic acid at 750mg.l-1significantly increase total chlorophyll content and root dry weight. Foliar application of (EM-1) at 0.5ml. l-1 increased significantly average shoot length also (EM-1) at 1ml.l-1 significantly increase shoot dry weight and root length.
Perspectives on Ease of Use and Value of a Self-Monitoring Application to Support Physical Activity Maintenance among Individuals Living with and beyond Cancer

Background: Physical activity (PA) can improve the physical and psychosocial health of individuals with cancer, yet PA levels remain low. Technology may address PA maintenance barriers in oncology, though the intervention effectiveness to date remains mixed. Qualitative research can reveal the nuances of using technology-based PA maintenance tools. The present study aimed to understand the perspectives of individuals with cancer on using an app to support PA maintenance. Methods: Individuals were interviewed after using a self-monitoring app for 24 weeks, asking about their app use, ease of use, and perceived value for supporting PA. Analyses were guided by an interpretive description. Results: Eighteen individuals were interviewed. The participants were 37–75 years old; lived in seven Canadian provinces/territories; identified as White, South Asian, or Indigenous; and had eight different cancers. Four themes were developed: some did not need the app to stay physically active, some valued the app for helping them maintain their PA, the user experience ranged from intuitive to confusing, and the time burden of app use ranged from acceptable to overwhelming. Conclusions: The participants provided insights on using a self-monitoring app to improve PA maintenance in oncology. Work is needed to capture additional perspectives and apply findings to the development of technology-based PA maintenance tools.
Emergency healthcare experiences of women living with intimate partner violence.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES To explore healthcare experiences of Australian women living with intimate partner violence (IPV) and consider how these influence their understanding of IPV and sense of self. BACKGROUND Despite international campaigns condemning violence against women, IPV remains a worldwide problem and recent Australian community attitudes demonstrate ongoing beliefs condemning women in abusive relationships. Women experiencing IPV are over-represented in healthcare-seeking populations; however, they are rarely identified as experiencing abuse and are often not provided care directed towards achieving ongoing safety. While women seek empathetic healthcare, disclosure of abuse often results in being judged negatively or blamed. DESIGN A grounded theory study drawing on Clarke's (Sage Publications, London, 2005) analytic approach of situational analysis. METHODS Semi-structured interviews conducted with seven women. Data was analysed using NVIVO 8 software within a Situational Analysis framework. RESULTS Four major categories were identified: Accessing healthcare: challenges and barriers; Care women need vs. care women receive; Discourses of IPV and constructions of self; and Acknowledging IPV: moving on and re-constructing self. Women faced significant challenges in accessing emergency healthcare and healthcare then often lacked empathy. Women created an understanding of self from a world dominated by an abusive partner and needed assistance re-labelling their experiences as IPV. Healthcare professionals who provided empathetic care were instrumental in assisting this process, enhancing women's abilities to explore options for limiting abuse and assisting them to enhance their self-efficacy and reconstruct a positive sense of self. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare is one of the few avenues women living with IPV have to receive emotional and physical support. Healthcare that ignores psychosocial issues further damages women's sense of self. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Women require timely information and empathetic support from healthcare professionals to assist them in understanding and labelling their experiences as IPV. This enhances women's ability to feel deserving of, and ideally achieve, a life without violence.
Antibody responses against B‐cell epitopes of the hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus in self‐limiting and chronic human hepatitis C followed‐up using consensus peptides

A rare collection of serum samples from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection followed up from the onset of clinical symptoms was acquired. RNA corresponding to the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of E2 protein of HCV isolated from nine patients was reverse‐transcribed, amplified, sequenced, and HVR1 amino acid sequences were deduced. These sequences and a selection of HVR1 amino acid sequences of matching HCV genotypes from protein and translated DNA sequence databanks were used to create the HVR1 amino acid consensus. The degenerated peptides mimicking N‐ and C‐termini of the consensus were synthesized. Most (76%) of 17 patients followed up for the period from 1 week to a minimum of 7 months from the onset of acute symptoms developed antibodies reacting with peptides representing N‐ and/or C‐ termini of HVR1. Antibody recognition of the consensus HVR1 peptides indicates that the variability of HVR1 sequence on the protein level is limited with certain conserved structure(s) being untouched. A tendency was observed for a slower development of anti‐HVR1 antibody response in patients developing chronic HCV, as compared to those with self‐limiting HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 66:204–217, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.