Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying and Evaluating the Potential of Reusing Network Information from Different Flows

In an internet end system, many applications with various requirements on their data stream transmission run simultaneously. The management of these data streams in a sending end system, and particularly the flow and congestion control for the data streams (if they exist at all), is for each data stream separate and independent from all other data streams. An interesting alternative to such a separate data stream management in a sending end system might be a common data stream management for all data streams in a sending end system. This common data stream management consists of two different aspects improving the overall performance, i.e., the throughput and the fairness, of the data streams of an end system. First, reuse of information about the current network conditions for an accurate adjustment of connection parameters of other data streams in an end system. This information can be implicitly obtained by some other data streams of the end system and/or explicitly obtained by a network performance probing approach from the end system. And second, a common congestion control between all data streams of an end system including TCP and UDP traffic. In this work some existing approaches for network information reuse, network performance probing, and a common congestion control are regarded and the main ideas of these approaches are extracted to obtain the underlying principles of these approaches. Based on this groundwork one of these approaches or a combination of some ideas of these approaches possibly combined with new ideas is selected as a case study to show the potential of a common data stream management compared to the standard data stream management of TCP and UDP data streams in an end system. This comparative investigation will be performed by simulations of an appropriate simulation model which must be developed and implemented by using a well-known simulation tool called network simulator version 2 (ns-2).
THE NUCLEAR OUTFLOWS AND FEEDBACK IN THE SEYFERT 2 GALAXY MARKARIAN 573

We present a study of outflow and feedback in the well known Seyfert 2 galaxy Markarian 573 using high-angular resolution long-slit spectrophotometry obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). Through analysis of the kinematics and ionization state of a biconical outflow region emanating from the nucleus, we find that the outflow does not significantly accelerate the surrounding host-galaxy interstellar gas and is too weak to be a strong ionization mechanism in the extended emission regions. Instead, the excitation of the extended regions is consistent with photoionization by the active nucleus. From energetics arguments, we show that the nuclear outflow is slow and heavy and has a mechanical luminosity that is only ∼1% of the estimated bolometric luminosity of the system. The energy in the outflow is able to mildly shape the gas in the extended regions but appears to be insufficient to unbind it, or even to plausibly disrupt star formation. These results are at odds with the picture of strong active galactic nuclei feedback that has been invoked to explain certain aspects of galaxy evolution.
Benchmark Models for the Analysis and Control of Small-Signal Oscillatory Dynamics in Power Systems

This paper summarizes a set of six benchmark systems for the analysis and control of electromechanical oscillations in power systems, recommended by the IEEE Task Force on Benchmark Systems for Stability Controls of the Power System Dynamic Performance Committee. The benchmark systems were chosen for their tutorial value and particular characteristics leading to control the system design problems relevant to the research community. For each benchmark, the modeling guidelines are provided, along with eigenvalues and time-domain results produced with at least two simulation softwares, and one possible control approach is provided for each system as well. Researchers and practicing engineers are encouraged to use these benchmark systems when assessing new oscillation damping control strategies.
Psychological distress and cardiovascular disease: results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey.

AIMS The objective of this study was to examine the burden of psychological distress among individuals with different forms of heart disease in a large representative sample of adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were obtained from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, which is a large annual survey of the US non-institutionalized civilian population. Psychological distress was assessed with a standardized questionnaire (K6) and heart disease diagnoses were based on self-report. Among non-diseased individuals, the estimated prevalence of psychological distress was 2.8%, whereas the estimates were 10, 6.4, and 4.1% among those with congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial infarction (MI), and coronary heart disease (CHD), respectively. Over 1 million individuals with one or more of these conditions are estimated to experience psychological distress. However, only 31-35% of the participants with heart disease and psychological distress have visited a mental health professional. The logistic regression model results indicate that MI (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-3.0) and CHF (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.8-5.1) are significantly associated with psychological distress. CONCLUSION These findings imply that psychological distress is a significant comorbidity of cardiovascular disease. Other investigations have demonstrated a link between psychological distress and morbidity and mortality. Taken together, these findings provide the impetus for future investigations that assess the role that a medical and mental health care professional intervention may have in altering these outcomes when targeted at this distress.
Correlation of pregnancy outcome with quadruple screening test at second trimester

Background: Abnormal levels of the markers AFP, hCG, and uE3 could be useful in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study was designed to determine the correlation between second trimester maternal serum markers and adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). Methods: In this historical cohort study, we randomly followed 231 obstetric patients with quadruple screening test in 14-18 weeks of gestation from March 2012 to March 2013 in a medical laboratory in Babol, Iran. We measured maternal serum levels of alphafetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin-A. The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) were then compared between patients with negative and positive test results. We used Chi-square and Fisher-exact tests for qualitative variables and t-test for quantitative variables. Demographic differences between the two groups were minimized by applying logistic regression. Results: The risk of having an APO such as pre-eclampsia (p=0.008), fetal growth restriction (p=0.028) and premature rupture of membrane (p=0.040) increased significantly in patients with abnormal markers. Conclusion: Abnormal results of quadruple screening test could be associated with APO in women with normal appearing fetus.
Optimal contracts, adverse selection and social preferences: An experiment

It has long been standard in agency theory to search for incentive-compatible mechanisms on the assumption that people care only about their own material wealth. However, this assumption is clearly refuted by numerous experiments, and we feel that it may be useful to consider nonpecuniary utility in mechanism design and contract theory. Accordingly, we devise an experiment to explore optimal contracts in an adverse-selection context. A principal proposes one of three contract menus, each of which offers a choice of two incentive-compatible contracts, to two agents whose types are unknown to the principal. The agents know the set of possible menus, and choose to either accept one of the two contracts offered in the proposed menu or to reject the menu altogether; a rejection by either agent leads to lower (and equal) reservation payoffs for all parties. While all three possible menus favor the principal, they do so to varying degrees. We observe numerous rejections of the more lopsided menus, and approach an equilibrium where one of the more equitable contract menus (which one depends on the reservation payoffs) is proposed and agents accept a contract, selecting actions according to their types. Behavior is largely consistent with all recent models of social preferences, strongly suggesting there is value in considering nonpecuniary utility in agency theory.
Senaya (Neo-Aramaic): StructuralPerson Case Constraint Effects in Progressives

We present novel data from Senaya (fieldwork by Laura McPherson and Kevin Ryan), a NeoAramaic language originally spoken in Iran, that reveal an intriguing pattern of person-restrictions in progressive transitives. In particular, object agreement in progressives is limited to third person when this agreement appears on the progressive auxiliary, as seen in (1)–(2), with object agreement bolded. 1
Joint cosmic shear measurements with the Keck and William Herschel Telescopes

The recent measurements of weak lensing by large-scale structure present significant new opportunities for studies of the matter distribution in the Universe. Here, we present a new cosmic shear survey carried out with the Echelle Spectrograph and Imager on the Keck II telescope. This covers a total of 0.6 square degrees in 173 fields probing independent lines of sight, hence minimizing the impact of sample variance. We also extend our measurements of cosmic shear with the William Herschel Telescope (Bacon, Refregier & Ellis 2000) to a survey area of I square degree. The joint measurements with two independent telescopes allow us to assess the impact of instrument-specific systematics, one of the major difficulties in cosmic shear measurements. For both surveys, we account for effects such as smearing by the point spread function and shearing due to telescope optics carefully. We find negligible residuals in both cases and recover mutually consistent cosmic shear signals, significant at the 5. 1σ level. We present a simple method to compute the statistical error in the shear correlation function, including non-Gaussian sample variance and the covariance between different angular bins. We measure shear correlation functions for all fields and use these to ascertain the amplitude of the matter power spectrum, finding σ 8 (Ω m /0.3) 0 . 6 8 = 0.97 ′ 0.13 with 0.14 < Ω m < 0.65 in a A cold dark matter (ACDM) model with r = 0.21. These 68 per cent confidence level uncertainties include sample variance, statistical noise, redshift uncertainty and the error in the shear measurement method. The results from our two independent surveys are both consistent with measurements of cosmic shear from other groups. We discuss how our results compare with current normalization from cluster abundance.
Scale-Free Networks in International Trade

The paper analyzes the network structure of international trade. Adapting a network approach developed in the physical sciences, we propose that international trade functions like a scale-free network. For each commodity group we calculate a characteristic parameter which reflects the structure of its trading network. We then insert this variable into an expanded gravity model to explore the effect of the network structure on the value of bilateral trade. The estimation suggests that, inter alia, globalization has reduced the value of trade per product group.
Temporal Answer Set Programming

Answer Set Programming (ASP) has become a popular way for representing different kinds of scenarios from knowledge representation in Artificial Intelligence. Frequently, these scenarios involve a temporal component which must be considered. In ASP, time is usually represented as a variable whose values are defined by an extensional predicate with a finite domain. Dealing with a finite temporal interval has some disadvantages. First, checking the existence of a plan is not possible and second, it also makes difficult to decide whether two programs are strongly equivalent. If we extend the syntax of Answer Set Programming by using temporal operators from temporal modal logics, then infinite time can be considered, so the aforementioned disadvantages can be overcome. This extension constitutes, in fact, a formalism called Temporal Equilibrium Logic, which is based on Equilibrium Logic (a logical characterisation of ASP). Although recent contributions have shown promising results, Temporal Equilibrium Logic is still a novel paradigm and there are many gaps to fill. Our goal is to keep developing this paradigm, filling those gaps and turning it into a suitable framework for temporal reasoning.
w # 95-3 Department of Economics and Center for Research on Economic and Social Theory Working Paper Series Implementation in Generalized Implementation in Generalized Matching Problems

We search for (Nash) implementable solutions on a class of one-to-one matching problems which includes both the housing market (Shapley and Scarf 1974) and marriage problems (Gale and Shapley 1962). We show that the core correspondence is implementable. We furthermore show that any solution that is Pareto efficient, individually rational, and implementable is a supersolution of the core correspondence. That is, the core correspondence is the minimal solution that is Pareto efficient, individually rational, and implementable. A corollary of independent interest in the context of the housing market is that the core correspondence is the only single-valued solution that is Pareto-efficient, individually rational, and implementable. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C71, C78, D71, D78.
Global existence, singular solutions, and ill‐posedness for the Muskat problem

The Muskat, or Muskat‐Leibenzon, problem describes the evolution of the interface between two immiscible fluids in a porous medium or Hele‐Shaw cell under applied pressure gradients or fluid injection/extraction. In contrast to the Hele‐Shaw problem (the one‐phase version of the Muskat problem), there are few nontrivial exact solutions or analytic results for the Muskat problem. For the stable, forward Muskat problem, in which the higher‐viscosity fluid expands into the lower‐viscosity fluid, we show global‐in‐time existence for initial data that is a small perturbation of a flat interface. The initial data in this result may contain weak (e.g., curvature) singularities. For the unstable, backward problem, in which the higher‐viscosity fluid contracts, we construct singular solutions that start off with smooth initial data but develop a point of infinite curvature at finite time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

The distribution of 20 variable regions resulting from insertion-deletion events in the genomes of the tubercle bacilli has been evaluated in a total of 100 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium canettii, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium bovis. This approach showed that the majority of these polymorphisms did not occur independently in the different strains of the M. tuberculosis complex but, rather, resulted from ancient, irreversible genetic events in common progenitor strains. Based on the presence or absence of an M. tuberculosis specific deletion (TbD1), M. tuberculosis strains can be divided into ancestral and “modern” strains, the latter comprising representatives of major epidemics like the Beijing, Haarlem, and African M. tuberculosis clusters. Furthermore, successive loss of DNA, reflected by region of difference 9 and other subsequent deletions, was identified for an evolutionary lineage represented by M. africanum, M. microti, and M. bovis that diverged from the progenitor of the present M. tuberculosis strains before TbD1 occurred. These findings contradict the often-presented hypothesis that M. tuberculosis, the etiological agent of human tuberculosis evolved from M. bovis, the agent of bovine disease. M. canettii and ancestral M. tuberculosis strains lack none of these deleted regions, and, therefore, seem to be direct descendants of tubercle bacilli that existed before the M. africanum→M. bovis lineage separated from the M. tuberculosis lineage. This observation suggests that the common ancestor of the tubercle bacilli resembled M. tuberculosis or M. canettii and could well have been a human pathogen already.
Flemish Normative Data for the Buschke Selective Reminding Test

The purpose of this study was to provide normative data for a Flemish version of the Buschke Selective Reminding Test (SRT). The SRT allows for the simultaneous analysis of several components of verbal memory, such as short and long term retrieval. The Flemish SRT was administered to 3257 neurologically healthy adults (1627 men and 1630 women, age range = 18–94 years). Effects of age, sex and education on SRT performance were assessed. Results indicate that SRT performance decreased with age and that this decline accelerated in men compared to women. Furthermore, an effect of education was found favoring participants who completed a higher education. Normative data quantified through percentile ranks and stratified by age, sex and education level are provided.
Executive functions and emotion regulation in obesity and eating disorders

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (Grant PSI2009/10957); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (PSI2014-51920-R).
Multiple trace theory of human memory: Computational, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological results

Hippocampal‐neocortical interactions in memory have typically been characterized within the “standard model” of memory consolidation. In this view, memory storage initially requires hippocampal linking of dispersed neocortical storage sites, but over time this need dissipates, and the hippocampal component is rendered unnecessary. This change in function over time is held to account for the retorgrade amnesia (RA) gradients often seen in patients with hippocampal damage. Recent evidence, however, calls this standard model into question, and we have recently proposed a new approach, the “multiple memory trace” (MMT) theory. In this view, hippocampal ensembles are always involved in storage and retrieval of episodic information, but semantic (gist) information can be established in neocortex, and will survive damage to the hippocampal system if enough time has elapsed. This approach accounts more readily for the very long RA gradients often observed in amnesia. We report the results of analytic and connectionist simulations that demonstrate the feasibility of MMT. We also report a neuroimaging study showing that retrieval of very remote (25‐year‐old) memories elicits as much activation in hippocampus as retrieval of quite recent memories. Finally, we report new data from the study of patients with temporal lobe damage, using more sensitive measures than previously the case, showing that deficits in both episodic and spatial detail can bed observed even for very remote memories. Overall, these findings indicate that the standard model of memory consolidation, which views the hippocampus as having only a temporary role in memory, is wrong. Instead, the data support the view that for episodic and spatial detail the hippocampal system is always necessary. Hippocampus 10:352–368, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Infusing Social Presence in the Web Interface : An Investigation Across Different Products ”

Reference: Hassanein, K. , Head, M. (2005/6). “The Impact of Infusing Social Presence in the Web Interface: An Investigation Across Different Products”. International Journal of Electronic Commerce (IJEC), 10(2), Winter, 31-55. ABSTRACT: Many online stores tend to exhibit little emotional or social appeal, and may be viewed as lacking human-warmth. A recent study conducted by the authors showed that in an online apparel domain, increased levels of social presence through socially-rich descriptions and pictures positively impacts attitudinal antecedents. However, the appropriateness and need for human warmth and sociability may differ across the types of products or services being sought. In this paper, an empirical investigation was undertaken to compare our earlier findings in the apparel domain (a product for which consumers seek fun and entertaining shopping experiences) to a different type of product (headphones: a product for which consumers primarily seek detailed product information). It was found that Websites selling headphones do not exhibit a similar positive effect on attitudinal antecedents from higher levels of social presence. Implications of these finding and future research are outlined.
Streamlined mean field variational Bayes for longitudinal and multilevel data analysis

Streamlined mean field variational Bayes algorithms for efficient fitting and inference in large models for longitudinal and multilevel data analysis are obtained. The number of operations is linear in the number of groups at each level, which represents a two orders of magnitude improvement over the naïve approach. Storage requirements are also lessened considerably. We treat models for the Gaussian and binary response situations. Our algorithms allow the fastest ever approximate Bayesian analyses of arbitrarily large longitudinal and multilevel datasets, with little degradation in accuracy compared with Markov chain Monte Carlo. The modularity of mean field variational Bayes allows relatively simple extension to more complicated scenarios.
Board of Directors Leadership and Structure: Control and Performance Implications

Research examining the association of corporate governance structures and firm performance has relied almost exclusively on the large-scale firm. This may, however, be a limited forum for questions of this sort. Officers and boards of directors for the large-scale firm may lack the discretion—or the wherewithal—to effect changes In policy or outcomes. It Is In the smaller firm that such performance/governance linkages may be more easily observed. This study, then, focuses on a number of corporate governance structures and their relationships to firm performance for the smaller corporation. Ironically, the very organizations that the literature suggests might benefit most from independent governance structures are those that rely on them least.