Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 90-nm CMOS 5-Mbps Crystal-Less RF-Powered Transceiver for Wireless Sensor Network Nodes

This paper presents a 90-nm CMOS batteryless transceiver for RF-powered wireless sensor networks. The circuit is made up of a RF energy harvesting module that is implemented through a multi-stage rectifier, a power management unit, and a PLL-based RF front-end that enables TX carrier synthesis by exploiting the RF input signal as a reference frequency. This avoids the use of a local crystal oscillator, thus implementing a highly integrated low-cost wireless transceiver. An active narrowband transmission scheme is adopted with the aim of overcoming the reader self-jamming that limits the operating range of backscattering-based RF-powered devices. The circuit supports a 915-MHz FSK downlink and a 2.45-GHz OOK uplink, while achieving a data rate up to 5 Mbps. It operates with an RF input power as low as -17.1 dBm.
Reducing Gene Expression in the Brain via Antisense Methods

This unit presents protocols that employ antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to reduce expression of target proteins in the brain. These oligonucleotides are generally designed to inhibit synthesis of a specific protein by hybridization to its mRNA. Because oligonucleotides show very poor penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic administration, they are either injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or infused directly into the brain parenchyma. In this unit, the procedure most commonly used for delivering oligonucleotides continuously into CSF is outlined. In addition, a procedure is described for continuous infusion of oligonucleotides into a specific brain region, using the substantia nigra as an example.
Efficiency of Systematic Thrombophilia Screening in Idiopathic Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Study in Internal Medicine

In case of unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), the screening of thrombophilia is recommended whatever the age of the patient and the type of risk factors (RF). This prospective study was conducted in patients with unprovoked VTE to detect some predictive factors to have a higher risk of thrombophilia, focusing on age, history of venous thromboembolism, and the existence of a triggering event. From July 2000 to July 2002, in an Internal Medicine Department, unrelated patients with unprovoked VTE were included. Those unprovoked thromboembolic events were defined by the absence of association between permanent and transient RF. The primary outcome measure was the positivity of the thrombophilia screening for any type of abnormality detected (deficit of protein C, S, antithrombin, presence of a lupus anticoagulant, research of V and II mutations). Seventy-four patients were included. Eight died during the follow-up. A higher risk of thrombophilia was found in patients younger than 40 (p=0.03), or with a family but not personal history of VTE (p=0.01) or with transient RF (p=0.02). The most frequent abnormality of coagulation found in patients younger than 40 was the presence of a lupus anticoagulant. As a new strategy for the screening of thrombophilia, one could propose the following attitude: only patients with transient RF or family history of VTE could undergo a complete screening; for all the remaining patients who are younger than 40, a research of a lupus anticoagulant would be only performed. This strategy should now be balanced against the currently recommended systematic attitude in further studies.
Thyroid Nodules Evaluation with Sonography

Goiter is a common thyroid disorder in Sudan. Most of thyroid nodules are benign, but a small percentage can be cancerous among the other pathology. The aims of this study were to assess the value of scintigraphy, ultrasound (US) and biopsy in the detection of nodules and to determine the prevalence of thyroid nodule among patients with thyroid goiter in Sudan. A total of 100 patients were investigated. 58 patients were investigated with biobsy in addition to the aforementioned techniques. Scintigraphic examination involved the intravenous injection of 2-5 mCi of Tc99m followed in 15 minutes by 300 kC at the neck, US was performed using an instruments with a 7.5 MHz and biopsy was carried either by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB )or open operation. The majority of the patients were females (81%). Scintigraphy revealed that 58% of the patients had nodular goiter while the rest had diffuse goiter. The highest incidence of nodules was shown in the age group between 40-60 (23%). US revealed that 48 % of the nodules were solitary. Furthermore, 78% the nodules none vascularized, 29% were calcified and 28% were hypoechoic. The biopsy results showed that 14% of nodular patients were malignant, 88% follicular adenocarcinoma. 36% had nodular goiter with cystic or degenerative changes. The highest percentage of malignancy could be attributed to the fact that patients referred to the hospital in a late stage of the disease. All patients with giotre should undergo US and NM investigation in order to detect the morphology and function of the thyroid. SMM 2011; 6 (3): 221 - 227
Buryat-Mongol and Alash Autonomous Movements before the Soviets, 1905-1917

Despite the Stalinist myth, it was not the Bolsheviks but Indigenous intellectuals who introduced autonomy as a form of post-colonial settlement during the crisis and collapse of the Russian Empire to Siberia and Central Asia. Employing a comparative perspective, this article traces the development and implementation of two autonomous projects in Asian Russia. The Buryat-Mongol and Kazakh (Alash) Indigenous intellectuals synthesized local ideas and the globally circulating notions of national self-determination, enlightenment and democracy when articulating political unity of Indigenous peoples in national terms. By advocating their broader representation in existing and envisioned power structures they fought against discrimination and protected native languages and other forms of cultural expression from assimilation. This article shows that these Indigenous intellectuals were not silent recipients of the policies coming from the imperial and post-imperial centers but actively engaged in designing and ensuring the future of their communities.
The Effect of Energy Intake and Expenditure on the Recovery of 13CO2 in the Parenterally Fed Neonate during a 4-Hour Primed Constant Infusion of NAH13CO3

ABSTRACT: The use of 13CO2 excretion to measure the oxidation of 13CO2 labeled substrates is increasing as it is both noninvasive and lacks the radiation exposure associated with the use of 14C. No standards are available for 13CO2 recovery in breath from the bicarbonate pool in the neonate. A primed constant infusion of NaH13CO3 over 4 h was used with open circuit indirect calorimetry in 15 appropriate for gestational age newborn infants (gestational age 28-39 wk; postnatal age 2-52 days), on varying amounts of intravenous feeding (37-114 kcal · kg-1 · day-1). Following a bolus of 6.9 μmol · kg-1 of NaH13CO3, a maintenance infusion of 4.6 μmol · kg-1 · h-1 was started. The I3C enrichment in breath rose rapidly to reach a plateau by 90 min with <5% variation of the plateau. Recovery of the tracer in breath ranged from 69.6-83.5% and was significantly correlated with 1) energy intake (37-114 kcal · kg-1 ·day-1); 2) metabolic rate (34.6-56.1 kcal · kg-1 · day-1); 3) VCO2 (4.86-7.43 ml · kg-1 · min-1). There was no correlation with the level of protein or fat intake. We provide an equation that can be used to calculate the correction factor when doing constant infusion substrate oxidation studies with a 13C label in neonates.
P6981, An Arylstibonic Acid, Is a Novel Low Nanomolar Inhibitor of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Binding to DNA

Several basic leucine zipper (B-ZIP) transcription factors have been implicated in cancer, substance abuse, and other pathological conditions. We previously identified arylstibonic acids that bind to B-ZIP proteins and inhibit their interaction with DNA. In this study, we used electrophoretic mobility shift assay to analyze 46 arylstibonic acids for their activity to disrupt the DNA binding of three B-ZIP [CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and vitellogenin gene-binding protein (VBP)] and two basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (B-HLH-ZIP) [USF (upstream stimulating factor) and Mitf] proteins. Twenty-five arylstibonic acids showed activity at micromolar concentrations. The most active compound, P6981 [2-(3-stibonophenyl)malonic acid], had half-maximal inhibition at ∼5 nM for CREB. Circular dichroism thermal denaturation studies indicated that P6981 binds both the B-ZIP domain and the leucine zipper. The crystal structure of an arylstibonic acid, NSC13778, bound to the VBP leucine zipper identified electrostatic interactions between both the stibonic and carboxylic acid groups of NSC13778 [(E)-3-(3-stibonophenyl)acrylic acid] and arginine side chains of VBP, which is also involved in interhelical salt bridges in the leucine zipper. P6981 induced GFP-B-ZIP chimeric proteins to partially localize to the cytoplasm, demonstrating that it is active in cells. P6981 inhibited the growth of a patient-derived clear cell sarcoma cell line whose oncogenic potential is driven by a chimeric protein EWS-ATF1 (Ewing's sarcoma protein-activating transcription factor 1), which contains the DNA binding domain of ATF1, a B-ZIP protein. NSC13778 inhibited the growth of xenografted clear cell sarcoma, and no toxicity was observed. These experiments suggest that antimony containing arylstibonic acids are promising leads for suppression of DNA binding activities of B-ZIP and B-HLH-ZIP transcription factors.
FP Prostanoid Receptor-Mediated Induction of the Expression of Early Growth Response Factor-1 by Activation of a Ras/Raf/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade

FP prostanoid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors whose physiological activator is prostaglandin-F2α (PGF2α). PGF2α has been implicated in wound healing and cardiac hypertrophy, which are both known to involve the induction of the immediate-early response gene, early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1). We hypothesized that activation of the human FP receptor by PGF2α could induce the expression of EGR-1 and found that 1 μM PGF2α produced a time-dependent induction of both mRNA and protein expression for EGR-1. This FP receptor-mediated induction of EGR-1 expression involved activation of the small GTPase Ras followed by activation of C-Raf and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2). Thus, induction of EGR-1 expression by PGF2α was blocked using dominant-negative constructs of Ras and C-Raf and the Raf kinase inhibitor 4-(4-(3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureido)phenoxy)-pyridine-2-carboxyllic acid methyamide-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (BAY43-9006). Likewise, the MEK1/2 inhibitor 2′-amino-3′-methoxyflavone (PD98059) blocked the induction of EGR-1 expression by PGF2α. FP receptor stimulation by PGF2α induced the phosphorylation of C-Raf, MEK1/2, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, consistent with the activation of a MAP kinase signaling cascade. PGF2α was also found to induce the expression of EGR-1 in rat cardiomyocytes through the activation of endogenous FP receptors. This induction of EGR-1 expression in cardiomyocytes also involved the activation of Raf and MAP kinase signaling and was dependent on the activation of protein kinase C. This is the first report to show the regulation of EGR-1 expression after PGF2α activation of FP receptors and suggests that this could be an early event involved in wound healing and cardiac hypertrophy.
Anterior Crossbite Correction in Early Mixed Dentition Period Using Catlan's Appliance: A Case Report

Single tooth anterior dental crossbite is the commonly encountered malocclusion during the development of occlusion in children. Various treatment options such as removable and fixed appliances have been suggested by different authors in the past literature. This paper presents two cases of anterior crossbite corrected using the standard Catlan's appliance (Lower Inclined Bite Plane) in a short period of three weeks without any damage to the tooth or the periodontium. This fixed appliance is a simple and traditional method which does not depend on patient cooperation to reverse the bite.
Manufacturing Earnings and Cycles: New Evidence

In the time domain, the observed cyclical behavior of the real wage hides a range of economic in uences that give rise to cycles of di ering lengths and strengths. This may serve to produce a distorted picture of wage cyclicality. Here, we employ and develop frequency domain meth- ods that allow us to assess the relative contribution of cyclical frequency bands on real wage earnings. Earnings are decomposed into standard and overtime components. We also distinguish between consumption and production wages. Frequency domain analysis is carried out in re- lation to wages alone (the univariate case) and to wages in relation to a selected range of cyclical economic indicators (multivariate). We es- tablish that all key components of real wages are strongly pro-cyclical but display signicant co-variations with more than one frequency band. Moreover, components are by no means uniformly associated with each of the chosen proxies for the cycle.
Is Age over 70 Years a Risk Factor for Pneumonectomy?

The lengthening of life expectancy has led to more surgical procedures in elderly patients. The aim of this work was to determine whether age >70 years is a risk factor for pneumonectomy. All cases of pneumonectomy from January 1999 to December 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. The 40 patients aged > 70 years were compared with a group of 70 patients aged 40-68 years matched for sex, physical status, respiratory function, side of pneumonectomy, and pathologic stage. Postoperatively, significantly more older patients had atrial fibrillation (24% vs. 5.6%). There was a low incidence of respiratory complications in both groups, and reduced respiratory function did not increase respiratory morbidity. Thirty-day mortality was not significantly different (2.5% in older vs. 1.4% in younger patients), but long-term mortality rates evaluated at December 31, 2007 were 50% for those aged <70 years (35 patients) and 72.5% for the older group. Although age is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in pneumonectomy, the risk is acceptable.
A LATTICE-THEORETICAL FIXPOINT THEOREM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

1. A lattice-theoretical fixpoint theorem. In this section we formulate and prove an elementary fixpoint theorem which holds in arbitrary complete lattices. In the following sections we give various applications (and extensions) of this result in the theories of simply ordered sets, real functions, Boolean algebras, as well as in general set theory and topology. * By a lattice we understand as usual a system 21 = (A 9 <) formed by a non-empty set A and a binary relation <; it is assumed that < establishes a partial order in A and that for any two elements a f b E A there is a least upper bound (join) a u b and a greatest lower bound (meet) an b. The relations >L, <, and > are defined in the usual way in terms of <. The lattice 21 = (A, <) is called complete if every subset B of A has a least upper bound ΌB and a greatest lower bound Πβ. Such a lattice has in particular two elements 0 and 1 defined by the formulas 0 = ΓU and 1 = 11,4. Given any two elements a 9 b E A with a < b, we denote by [a 9 b] the interval with the endpoints a and b, that is, the set of all elements x E A for which a < x < b; in symbols, [ a,b] = E x [x E A and a . < x . < b ]. The system \[α,6], <) is clearly a lattice; it is a complete if 21 is complete. We shall consider functions on A to A and, more generally, on a subset B of A to another subset C of A. Such a function / is called increasing if, for any 1 For notions and facts concerning lattices, simply ordered systems, and Boolean algebras consult [l].
Social mobility over three generations in Finland : a critique.

Erola and Moisio (2007) argue that in Finland the class positions of grandparents and grandchildren are almost independent of each other, once parents' social class has been taken into account. We show that this conclusion of 'almost conditional independence' is not supported by the results reported in their article. We further show that the strong evidence against conditional independence is not due to the large N of the Finnish mobility table alone, as the same critique applies to much smaller subsamples drawn randomly from the data. We then demonstrate with some illustrative outflow mobility rates that the grandparents effect in social mobility in Finland is not only statistically significant, but is also of substantive importance. Finally, we discuss the two 'lagged' effects reported in Erola and Moisio (2007), and show that they fail to capture much of the net GC association.
Lack of rapid development of opioid tolerance during alfentanil and remifentanil infusions for postoperative pain.

UNLABELLED Studies in animals and volunteers have suggested the development of acute tolerance to opioid analgesics. In this article, we present data from patients who regulated their own target-controlled infusions of alfentanil and remifentanil to provide analgesia in the immediate postoperative period. Fifty-one patients received alfentanil for 24 h after cardiac surgery, and 30 patients received remifentanil for 6 h after orthopedic surgery. Satisfactory analgesia, defined as a rating of < or =3 on an 11-point visual analog scale, was obtained by patients after each type of surgery. The target concentrations of the opioids required to produce postoperative analgesia and the cumulative opioid doses administered over the course of the clinical observation suggest there was no tolerance to the analgesic effects of the opioids. The requirements for both analgesic drugs in individual patients had a large variation (>200%). We conclude that our results may indicate an absence of tolerance to opioids in postoperative analgesia. Nonetheless, our data show that the postoperative requirement for these rapidly acting drugs is qualitatively similar to that for other opioids in that dosage escalation does not occur. IMPLICATIONS The development of acute tolerance to opioid analgesics has been suggested based on experimental studies in animals and volunteers. Our report from patients who self-controlled their analgesic requirements by using target-controlled infusions of alfentanil and remifentanil for postoperative analgesia provides no evidence of tolerance to opioids.
Bounds on a probability for the heavy tailed distribution and the probability of deficient decoding in sequential decoding

Although sequential decoding of convolutional codes gives a very small decoding error probability, the overall reliability is limited by the probability PG of deficient decoding, the term introduced by Jelinek to refer to decoding failures caused mainly by buffer overflow. The number of computational efforts in sequential decoding has the Pareto distribution and it is this "heavy tailed" distribution that characterizes PG. The heavy tailed distribution appears in many fields and buffer overflow is a typical example of the behaviors in which the heavy tailed distribution plays an important role. In this paper, we give a new bound on a probability in the tail of the heavy tailed distribution and, using the bound, prove the long-standing conjecture on PG, that is, PG ap constanttimes1/(sigmarhoNrho-1) for a large speed factor sigma of the decoder and for a large receive buffer size N whenever the coding rate R and rho satisfy E(rho)=rhoR for 0 les rho les 1
Mortality from invasive pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of antibiotic resistance, 1995-1997.

OBJECTIVES This study examined epidemiologic factors affecting mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia in 1995 through 1997. METHODS Persons residing in a surveillance area who had community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from a sterile site were included in the analysis. Factors affecting mortality were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. The number of deaths from pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalization in the United States in 1996 was estimated. RESULTS Of 5837 cases, 12% were fatal. Increased mortality was associated with older age, underlying disease. Asian race, and residence in Toronto/Peel, Ontario. When these factors were controlled for, increased mortality was not associated with resistance to penicillin or cefotaxime. However, when deaths during the first 4 hospital days were excluded, mortality was significantly associated with penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4.0 or higher and cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2.0 or higher. In 1996, about 7000 to 12,500 deaths occurred in the United States from pneumococcal pneumonia requiring hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Older age and underlying disease remain the most important factors influencing death from pneumococcal pneumonia. Mortality was not elevated in most infections with beta-lactam-resistant pneumococci.
Cognitive planning deficit in patients with cerebellar atrophy

We compared the performance of 12 patients with cerebellar atrophy (CA) and 12 normal controls matched for age and education on the Tower of Hanoi, a nine-problem task that requires cognitive planning. CA patients performed significantly worse than controls on this task despite no difference in planning and between-move pause times. A reanalysis of the data using just the subgroup of patients with pure cerebellar cortical atrophy (CCA) (N = 9) replicated the above results and also showed that CCA patients had significantly increased planning times compared with controls. Neither age, sex, education level, severity of dementia, word fluency, response time, memory, nor visuomotor procedural learning predicted CA or CCA performance. This deficit in cognitive planning suggests a functional link between the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and the frontal lobe concerning specific cognitive processes. However, the exact role of the cerebellum in cognitive planning remains undetermined.
Presence of Meaning, Sources of Meaning, and Subjective Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

In this study, we aimed to examine whether and how presence of meaning and sources of meaning interact and contribute to the subjective well-being of emerging adults. Results from a cross-sectional survey of 251 Chinese community college students in Hong Kong revealed that presence of meaning was positively associated with life satisfaction and positive affect. The findings also showed that ascriptions to self-preoccupating and individualistic sources of meaning were associated with positive affect, while ascriptions to individualistic and self-transcendent sources of meaning were associated with life satisfaction. Furthermore, ascription to the individualistic source of meaning amplified the strength of a positive relationship between presence of meaning and life satisfaction. These findings can provide a knowledge base for initiating further research on how different components of meaning in life cooperate to affect emerging adults’ subjective well-being.