Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between genetic variants in the tumor necrosis factor / lymphotoxin alpha / lymphotoxin beta locus and primary Sjögren ` s syndrome in Scandinavian samples

Objectives Lymphotoxin beta (LTB) has been found upregulated in salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren ́s syndrome (pSS). Also, an animal model of pSS showed ablation of the lymphoid organization and a marked improvement in salivary gland function upon blocking the LTB-receptor pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the lymphotoxin alpha (LTA)/LTB/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene clusters are associated with pSS. Methods A total of 527 pSS patients and 532 controls participated in the study, all of Caucasian origin from Sweden and Norway. Fourteen SNP markers were genotyped and after quality control filtering, 12 SNPs were analysed for their association with pSS using single marker and haplotype tests, and corrected by permutation testing. Results Nine markers showed significant association with pSS at the p=0.05 level. Markers rs1800629 and rs909253 showed the strongest association (p-values=1.64E-11 and 4.42E-08, respectively, after correcting for sex and country of origin. When the analysis was conditioned for the effect of rs1800629, only the association to rs909253 remain nominally significant (p-value =0.027). In haplotype analyses the strongest effect was observed for the haplotype rs909253G_rs1800629A (p-value=9.14E-17). The associations were mainly due to anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibody positive pSS. Conclusions A strong association was found between several SNPs in the LTA/LTB/TNFα locus and pSS, some of which lead to amino acid changes. Our data suggest a role for this locus in the development of pSS. Further studies are needed to examine if the genetic effect described in this study is independent of the known genetic association between the HLA and pSS.
Adult Attachment Styles and Aggressive Behavior within Dating Relationships

Recent developments in the application of attachment theory to the study of adult relationships are used to explain the occurrence of aggression in dating relationships. We compared individuals who reported being engaged in reciprocally aggressive dating relationships with individuals who reported being in non-aggressive relationships on measures of attachment patterns and interpersonal problems. To examine the robustness of the attachment-aggression relationship, we also statistically controlled for the effects of interpersonal problems. Using a sample of 85 undergraduate students, we found that, after controlling for relationship satisfaction and length of relationship, those involved in reciprocally aggressive relationships scored higher on the preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment styles and reported experiencing more interpersonal problems than did individuals involved in non-aggressive dating relationships. When we controlled for interpersonal problems, however, only the relationship between preoccupied attachment and aggression was observed. Although sex differences were found for attachment style scores and interpersonal problems, no significant sex x type of relationship (non-aggressive vs reciprocally aggressive) effects were observed. The results are discussed in the context of recent findings on attachment, conflict and aggression and recommendations for future research are offered.
Infection control: Knowledge and compliance among Saudi undergraduate dental students

Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding infection control procedures among undergraduate dental students. Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions on students’ vaccination status as well as knowledge and attitudes regarding infection control was sent to 600 undergraduate dental students in the fourth, fifth, and sixth year of the Al-Farabi College for Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The response rate was 85% (512 out of 600). While the vast majority of students (90%) had been vaccinated against hepatitis, only 37.4% have been assessed for anti-HBs. A total of 98.8% and 90.8% reported always wearing gloves and masks, respectively, during dental procedures. The use of protective eyewear was reported by only 29.2%. A significantly higher proportion of sixth-year students showed a positive attitude toward the treatment of patients with infectious diseases than other students of lower academic years. Approximately one-third of students reported having one or more occupational injuries while treating their patients. Conclusion: Although the students had good knowledge and attitudes regarding infection control, the compliance and practice levels regarding the same were low. Such findings highlight the necessity of continued infection-control education of Saudi dental students.
Seeing Eye-to-Eye

In the study reported here, early childhood professionals and parents of children with and without disabilities were questioned both at the beginning and at the end of a full school year regarding their hopes and concerns about inclusion. Results suggest that at the broadest category levels, both groups show agreement about the benefits and concerns related to inclusion, and little shift was noted from the beginning to the end of the study Differences emerged at the subcategory levels, especially in regard to the future of inclusion. Both parents and teaching professionals/staff indicated some concern about general education preschool teachers' preparation to meet the needs of children with complex special needs. Implications for practice and needs for future research are explored.
Inhibition by Ginseng of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Induction of Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon

The modifying effects of dietary administration of ginseng on the induction and development of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were investigated in Fischer 344 (F-344) rats. In Experiment 1, starting at six weeks of age, 65 rats were injected with DMH or saline alone once a week for four weeks. Rats in Groups 1 and 2 were fed diets containing 1% ginseng for five weeks, starting one week before the first dose of DMH. Animals in Groups 3 and 4 received ginseng for eight weeks after DMH treatment; Group 5 served as a carcinogen control group. In Experiment 2, 60 rats were injected with DMH or saline alone four times at one-week intervals. They were also fed diets containing 1% ginseng or the control diet throughout the 30 days of the experiment. In Experiment 1, numbers of foci with at least four crypts were significantly reduced in Group 2 treated with red ginseng during the initiation phase (p < 0.005). In Experiment 2, treatment with red ginseng also resulted in a decrease in the total number of DMH-induced ACF accompanied by a reduction in 5-bromo-2'- deoxyuridine labeling indexes in colonic crypts comprising ACF (p < 0.005 and p < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that dietary administration of red ginseng in combination with DMH suppresses colon carcinogenesis of rats, and the inhibition may be associated, in part, with suppression of cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa.
The Bt‐DUX: Development of a subjective measure of health‐related quality of life in patients who underwent surgery for lower extremity malignant bone tumor

To examine the practical applicability, internal consistency, and validity of the Bt‐DUX, a disease‐specific Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) instrument. The Bt‐Dux was developed to examine patients' individual values of their life after a malignant bone tumor of the lower extremity at four domains (cosmetic, social, emotional, and functional).
Exploring risks faced by child workers in Britain

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of accidents amongst child workers and to test the hypothesis that the tendency to have an accident is related to low perception of risk.Design/methodology/approach – Over 700 Year 10 school students answered questionnaires concerning their experience of employment. The school students completed another questionnaire in year 11; from these 55 working children were selected to be interviewed and respond to a new tool, the Job Risk Card Sort.Findings – Whereas 45 per cent of the interviewees had reported having had an accident in the questionnaire, this rose to 80 per cent in the interview. Those who stated in the questionnaire that they had had an accident tended to have lower perception of risk on the card sort than those who did not, thus supporting the hypothesis.Research limitations/implications – Previous questionnaire‐based research on accidents amongst young workers may have underestimated their extent. Further investigation of risk percep.
A THEORY OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY: NECESSARY COMPONENTS AND DISORDERS RESULTING FROM THEIR LOSS

In this paper we argue that autobiographical memory can be conceptualized as a mental state resulting from the interplay of a set of psychological capacities—self-reflection, self-agency, self-ownership and personal temporality—that transform a memorial representation into an autobiographical personal experience. We first review evidence from a variety of clinical domains—for example, amnesia, autism, frontal lobe pathology, schizophrenia—showing that breakdowns in any of the proposed components can produce impairments in autobiographical recollection, and conclude that the self-reflection, agency, ownership, and personal temporality are individually necessary and jointly sufficient for autobiographical memorial experience. We then suggest a taxonomy of amnesic disorders derived from consideration of the consequences of breakdown in each of the individual component processes that contribute to the experience of autobiographical recollection.
Incremental changes in total and regional body composition of growing pigs measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

The pig was used as a model for the application of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measuring changes in total and regional body composition that accompany body growth. Ten pigs were scanned at the beginning of the study (26.3 +/- 8.2 kg) and at 14 day intervals until reaching a final weight of 88.6 +/- 2.3 kg. Final body composition was validated by chemical analysis of the carcass. DXA fat and lean tissue measurements were corrected by using values based on previous calibration studies. From individual growth curves, rates of fat (295 +/- 50 g/d), lean (531 +/- 50 g/d) and bone mineral (16.7 +/- 1.4 g/d) deposition rates were estimated. Furthermore, using regional analysis these tissue deposition rates partitioned into front legs, back legs and body trunk. The final DXA measurements of 87.5 kg for total tissue mass, 27.9% for percent body fat and 24.4 kg for total fat mass were not significantly different (P > .05) from direct or chemical measurements. The DXA measurement of bone mineral content 1912 g (2.18%) was similar to the estimate based on total body ash, 1980 g (2.23%). Also, from the final DXA values for lean tissue mass, it was predicted that the body contained 13.5 kg or 15.4% protein and 45.74 kg or 52.3% water. These results indicate that DXA could be an appropriate method for studies involving sequential measurements of body composition during growth.
LEARNED ATTENTION IN ADULT LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

This study investigates associative learning explanations of the limited attainment of adult compared to child language acquisition in terms of learned attention to cues. It replicates and extends Ellis and Sagarra (2010) in demonstrating short- and long-term learned attention in the acquisition of temporal reference in Latin. In Experiment 1, salient adverbs were better learned than less salient verb inflections, early experience of adverbial cues blocked the acquisition of verbal morphology, and, contrariwise—but to a lesser degree—early experience of tense reduced later learning of adverbs. Experiment 2 demonstrated long-term transfer: Native speakers of Chinese (no tense morphology) were less able than native speakers of Spanish or Russian (rich morphology) to acquire inflectional cues from the same language experience where adverbial and verbal cues were equally available. Learned attention to tense morphology in Latin was continuous rather than discrete, ordered with regard to first language: Chinese < English < Russian < Spanish. A meta-analysis of the combined results of Ellis and Sagarra and the current study separates out positive and negative learned attention effects: The average effect size for entrenchment was large (+1.23), whereas that for blocking was moderate (–0.52).
The Importance of Student and Teacher Interactions for Disaffected Middle School Students: A Grounded Theory Study of Community Day Schools

Students who are expelled from school often demonstrate the need for alternative learning environments that respond to their academic disengagement as well as their behavioral challenges. Teachers in such environments contend with a variety of student needs while attempting to engage students in the learning process. This grounded theory study examines student and teacher interactions in community day school (CDS) classrooms in one large, urban school district in the southwest. Through semistructured interviews and observations, the researcher develops an emerging theory that describes the interactions between teachers and students. Interactions vary in nature depending on student and teacher characteristics, their self-definitions and beliefs, and the influence of support staff. Various interactions precede specific student outcomes, which can be both intended and unintended. This article explains the interplay between the categories listed above and gives concrete examples from classrooms about how student and teacher interactions can lead to, or impede, growth for both students and teachers.
Localization of organic cation/carnitine transporter (OCTN2) in cells forming the blood–brain barrier

Carnitine β‐hydroxy‐γ‐(trimethylammonio)butyrate – a compound necessary in the peripheral tissues for a transfer of fatty acids for their oxidation within the cell, accumulates in the brain despite low β‐oxidation in this organ. In order to enter the brain, carnitine has to cross the blood–brain barrier formed by capillary endothelial cells which are in close interaction with astrocytes. Previous studies, demonstrating expression of mRNA coding two carnitine transporters – organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2) and B0,+ in endothelial cells, did not give any information on carnitine transporters polarity in endothelium. Therefore more detailed experiments were performed on expression and localization of a high affinity carnitine transporter OCTN2 in an in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier by real‐time PCR, western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. The amount of mRNA was comparable in endothelial cells and kidney, when referred to house‐keeping genes, it was, however, significantly lower in astrocytes. Polarity of OCTN2 localization was further studied in an in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier with use of anti‐OCTN2 antibodies. Z‐axis analysis of the confocal microscope pictures of endothelial cells, with anti‐P‐glycoprotein antibodies as the marker of apical membrane, showed OCTN2 localization at the basolateral membrane and in the cytoplasmic region in the vicinity of nuclei. Localization of OCTN2 suggest that carnitine can be also transported from the brain, playing an important role in removal of certain acyl esters.
Outside the Head and Outside Individualism-Collectivism

Cultural differences and similarities can be documented not only at the level of the psyche (people’s motivations, beliefs, emotions, or cognitions) but also via shared, tangible representations of culture (such as advertising, texts, architecture, and so on). In this report, the authors present the results of some exploratory meta-analyses of cultural products. Data were sufficient to analyze a variety of cultural traits: positivity, modernity, high (vs. low) context, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance, as well as other dimensions. Thus, this article documents cultural products that measured traits other than individualism-collectivism, the trait the authors analyzed in an earlier article. The data reinforce the value of studying cultural products and fit with recent calls to branch out from the familiar, individualism-collectivism construct into new axes of cultural difference.
Tmprss2 Is Essential for Influenza H1N1 Virus Pathogenesis in Mice

Annual influenza epidemics and occasional pandemics pose a severe threat to human health. Host cell factors required for viral spread but not for cellular survival are attractive targets for novel approaches to antiviral intervention. The cleavage activation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) by host cell proteases is essential for viral infectivity. However, it is unknown which proteases activate influenza viruses in mammals. Several candidates have been identified in cell culture studies, leading to the concept that influenza viruses can employ multiple enzymes to ensure their cleavage activation in the host. Here, we show that deletion of a single HA-activating protease gene, Tmprss2, in mice inhibits spread of mono-basic H1N1 influenza viruses, including the pandemic 2009 swine influenza virus. Lung pathology was strongly reduced and mutant mice were protected from weight loss, death and impairment of lung function. Also, after infection with mono-basic H3N2 influenza A virus body weight loss and survival was less severe in Tmprss2 mutant compared to wild type mice. As expected, Tmprss2-deficient mice were not protected from viral spread and pathology after infection with multi-basic H7N7 influenza A virus. In conclusion, these results identify TMPRSS2 as a host cell factor essential for viral spread and pathogenesis of mono-basic H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses.
P-body assembly requires DDX6 repression complexes rather than decay or Ataxin2/2L complexes

DDX6 is an abundant DEAD-box helicase associated with various complexes involved in mRNA decay and repression. Its interactome in human cells was analyzed to identify its most prominent partners. Among them, three proteins were essential for P-body assembly in all tested conditions: DDX6, 4E-T, and LSM14A.
Pregnancy and Exogenous Steroid Treatments Modulate the Expression of Relaxant EP2 and Contractile FP Receptors in the Rat Uterus1

Abstract Prostaglandins (PGs) interact with specific receptors on plasma membranes to regulate myometrial activity in many species. The present study examined whether the expression of relaxant prostaglandin E receptor subtype two (EP2) and contractile prostaglandin F receptor (FP) mRNA in the rat uterus is changed during various states of pregnancy and regulated by steroid hormones. Expression of mRNA for EP2 and FP receptors in the full-thickness uteri was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. Abundance of receptor mRNA was expressed relative to β-actin mRNA. Results showed that 1) mRNA for EP2 receptors in the rat uterus was substantially increased during pregnancy (320%) compared with the nonpregnant state (100%, P < 0.01), and declined during labor at term (36% vs. 100% in control, P < 0.01); 2) mRNA expression for FP receptors in rat uterus was increased during pregnancy (333% vs. 100% in nonpregnant rats, P < 0.01) and reached maximal levels during labor (515% vs. 100% in control, P < 0.01); 3) upon RU-486 treatment on Day 19 of pregnancy, uterine EP2 receptor mRNA levels were decreased (18% vs. 100% in control, P < 0.01), and FP mRNA levels were increased (357% vs. 100% in control, P < 0.01); 4) with ICI 164384 (an antiestrogen) treatment on Day 19 of gestation, uterine FP receptor mRNA levels were decreased without effects on EP2 receptors; 5) in ovariectomized (ovx) rats, progesterone increased EP2 (163% vs. 100% in control, P < 0.01) and had no effects on FP receptor mRNA expression in the rat uterus; 6) estradiol increased FP receptor mRNA levels (358% vs. 100% in control, P < 0.01) and had no effects on EP2 mRNA in the ovx rat uterus. Therefore, we conclude that steroid hormones modulate the mRNA for relaxant EP2 and contractile FP receptors for PGs in the uterus and thus regulate uterine activity during pregnancy and labor.
Theoretical Claims and Empirical Evidence in Maori Education Discourse

Post‐Marxist critical sociology of education has influenced the development of indigenous (‘kaupapa’) Maori educational theory and research. Its effects are examined in four claims made for Maori education by indigenous theorists. The claims are: indigenous kaupapa Maori education is a revolutionary initiative; it is a cultural solution to Maori educational under‐achievement; it has reversed the decline of the Maori language; it provides a valid educational alternative for an ethnically and culturally distinctive population. The analysis suggests that the indigenous theory approach is representative of the position‐taking strategy that characterises post‐Marxist critical sociology of education, concluding that claims made in kaupapa Maori voice discourse are not supported by the empirical evidence which indicates a more complex social reality.
Leader-Member Exchange and Job Performance: The Effects of Taking Charge and Organizational Tenure

Summary We theorized and tested the mechanisms by which leader–member exchange (LMX) quality is associated with job performance. The results obtained using 212 employee–supervisor pairs from eight Chinese companies indicated that LMX quality had an indirect and positive relationship with taking charge via psychological empowerment and had an indirect and positive relationship with job performance via taking charge. In addition, organizational tenure significantly moderated the relationship between taking charge and job performance, such that the positive effect of taking charge on job performance became weaker as organizational tenure increased. Furthermore, organizational tenure significantly moderated the indirect positive relationship between LMX quality and job performance via taking charge; the indirect effect became weaker as organizational tenure increased. These results suggest that organizations should encourage managers to develop highquality LMX with their subordinates, which may make them feel more empowered and engage in more taking charge, and result in better job performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Job, Life, and Relationship Satisfaction for Paid-Professional Firefighters

The primary objective of the present study was to compare job satisfaction for fire service members with job satisfaction for non-emergency workers. The secondary objective was to determine relationships between personality and job satisfaction for firefighters, as well as between job satisfaction and years of service. For both life and relationship satisfaction, no differences were found between paid-professional firefighters and community participants. In contrast, differences were evident with respect to job satisfaction in that paid-professional firefighters reported less satisfaction with supervisors and departmental relationships but greater overall job satisfaction. Personality was a significant predictor of job satisfaction such that individuals high in neuroticism reported lesser job satisfaction, whereas individuals high in conscientiousness were more likely to report greater job satisfaction.