Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Style and Its Implications for Navigation Strategies

In this paper, we investigate the effect of cognitive styles (field dependence) for navigation strategies. The application teaches the use of the database features in Microsoft EXCELä. Two versions of the interface were developed offering free vs constrained hypermedia access to the information. A statistical analysis of the trace revealed important differences of exploration behaviors based on user characteristics. The paper provides extensive studies review and empirical validation for the need to consider cognitive styles to design more adapted user interface. It also highlights the importance of combining a log of user's actions and satisfaction measures, to better understand the user reaction to hypermedia. KeywordsÊ: Field dependence, cognitive styles, navigation strategies, information processing, computer-based
Risk of ischaemic stroke in people with migraine: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract Objective To explore the association between migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Observational studies published between 1966 and June 2004 (identified through Medline and Embase) that examined the association between migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke. Results 14 studies (11 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies) were identified. These studies suggest that the risk of stroke is increased in people with migraine (relative risk 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.89 to 2.48). This increase in risk was consistent in people who had migraine with aura (relative risk 2.27, 1.61 to 3.19) and migraine without aura (relative risk 1.83, 1.06 to 3.15), as well as in those taking oral contraceptives (relative risk 8.72, 5.05 to 15.05). Conclusions Data from observational studies suggest that migraine may be a risk factor in developing stroke. More studies are needed to explore the mechanism of this potential association. In addition, the risk of migraine among users of oral contraceptives must be further investigated.
Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving in Ethiopia: A Time Series Analysis (1971-2009)

The study conduct a time series analysis of the determinants of gross domestic saving in Ethiopia using co-integration and error correction econometric modeling, and employ data for the 1971-2009 periods collected from National bank of Ethiopia (NBE), MOFED, CSA and world bank(WB) on annual base. The study revealed that growth of per capital income have significant positive influence on domestic saving while the current per capital income level is significant and negatively related with domestic saving in the long run, but turn to insignificant in the short run model. The financial variables represented by real deposit rate and development of broad money supply do not show any impact in improving the domestic saving. Instead they showed insignificant negative coefficient which suggests the existence of under developed financial market in Ethiopia. Inflation rate exerted negative effect on saving in Ethiopia through portfolio adjustment from real money balance toward real asset. The study also showed that dependence ratio was a significant negative determinant of saving in the long run through reducing of labor supply and increase consumption of goods by unproductive group. Tax growth rate showed positive significant effect on domestic saving through its effect on government and private saving slackened. The gross domestic saving growth negatively correlated with lagged domestic saving which indicated that there was no persistence in the behavior of domestic saving in Ethiopia over time. Finally the study suggests that it is important for domestic saving to maintain sustainability of current economic growth and stabilize the economy as well as it needs due attention to improve the under developed financial markets. Further, cost effect family planning also needed in order to ameliorate the effect of demographic structure on domestic saving in Ethiopia.
Applied Critical Leadership in Education: Choosing Change

List of Figures and Tables Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Part I: Early Childhood Education and Elementary School Settings 2. Leadership Responsive to Early Childhood Education: Not the Least of These 3. Principal Leadership in an Underperforming Elementary School: The Titanic Syndrome 4. Applied Critical Leadership for Native Education in Mainstream Schools and Districts: Leading by Example Part II: Middle and Secondary School Settings 5. Middle and High School Applications of Critical Leadership: Voices from the Fringe 6. Applied Critical Leadership in Secondary Education: Teacher Leadership for Change 7. Secondary School Leadership for Social Justice and Equity: The Way Eyes See It Part III: Higher Education Settings 8. Applied Critical Leadership in Higher Education: From the Director's Chair of Student Affairs 9. Academic Affairs and Higher Education: Applied Critical Leadership in the Ivory Tower Part IV: Conclusion 10. The Case for Applied Critical Leadership in Pre-Kindergarten through Higher Education Appendix
Use of intensive case management to reduce time in hospital in people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-regression

Objectives To explain why clinical trials of intensive case management for people with severe mental illness show such inconsistent effects on the use of hospital care. Design Systematic review with meta-regression techniques applied to data from randomised controlled trials. Data Sources Cochrane central register of controlled trials, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and PsychINFO databases from inception to January 2007. Additional anonymised data on patients were obtained for multicentre trials. Review methods Included trials examined intensive case management compared with standard care or low intensity case management for people with severe mental illness living in the community. We used a fidelity scale to rate adherence to the model of assertive community treatment. Multicentre trials were disaggregated into individual centres with fidelity data specific for each centre. A multivariate meta-regression used mean days per month in hospital as the dependent variable. Results We identified 1335 abstracts with a total of 5961 participants. Of these, 49 were eligible and 29 provided appropriate data. Trials with high hospital use at baseline (before the trial) or in the control group were more likely to find that intensive case management reduced the use of hospital care (coefficient −0.23, 95% confidence interval −0.36 to −0.09, for hospital use at baseline; −0.44, −0.57 to −0.31, for hospital use in control groups). Case management teams organised according to the model of assertive community treatment were more likely to reduce the use of hospital care (coefficient −0.31, −0.59 to −0.03), but this finding was less robust in sensitivity analyses and was not found for staffing levels recommended for assertive community treatment. Conclusions Intensive case management works best when participants tend to use a lot of hospital care and less well when they do not. When hospital use is high, intensive case management can reduce it, but it is less successful when hospital use is already low. The benefits of intensive case management might be marginal in settings that have already achieved low rates of bed use, and team organisation is more important than the details of staffing. It might not be necessary to apply the full model of assertive community treatment to achieve reductions in inpatient care.
Optimization of electroporation waveforms for cell sterilization

Pores occur naturally in cell membranes. Application of an electric field generates a force which tends to open the pore, a mechanism known as electroporation. The force generated depends on the electric field in the pore and the difference in dielectric constant between the fluid in the pore and the membrane. In this paper, we use transient finite-element analysis to investigate the field as a function of time in a system which consists of an electrolyte, an ellipsoidal bacterial cell membrane, and cytoplasm within the cell membrane. For this shape of cell, the field in the cell membrane is caused largely by the relaxation of the field in the cytoplasm. In addition, we compute the force on the pore wall, both in an analytic approximation and numerically as a function of time during a variety of applied voltage waveforms, using transient finite-element analysis. The numerical data are in good agreement with the analytic approximation and provide a basis for judging the efficacy of waveforms for sterilization based on a "figure of merit" which is suggested in the paper.
Significance of HPV infection and genic mutation of APC and K-ras in patients with rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Significance of HPV infection and genic mutation of APC and K-ras in rectal cancer has been investigated but not clarified. The objective of our study was to investigate these parameters in patients with rectal cancer to analyze correlations with biological behaviour, to determine relationships among the three, and also to demonstrate survival prognosis effects. METHODS From December 2007 to September 2008, 75 rectal cancer cases confirmed by histopathology in the Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled. The control group consisted of normal rectal mucous membrane taken simultaneously, a least 10 cm distant from the carcinoma fringe. HPV DNA, the MCR of APC and exon-1 of K-ras were detected by PCR and PCR-SSCP. All results were analyzed in relation to clinical pathological material, using chi-square and correlation analysis via SPSS.13 and Fisher's Exact Probability via STATA. 9.0. All 75 patients were followed up for survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests. RESULTS 55 out of 75 cases demonstrated gene HPV L1 while it was not detected in normal rectal mucosa tissue. HPV infection was correlated with age and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05) but not other characteristics, such as ethnicity, tumor size, histological type, tumor type, Duke's stage and infiltration depth. Some 43 cases exhibited APC genic mutation (57.3%) and 34 K-ras genic mutation (45.3%). APC genic mutation was correlated with gender( P<0.05), but not age, histological type, infiltration depth, lymphatic metastasis and Duke's stage. In 55 cases of rectal cancer with HPV infection, there were 31 cases with genic mutation of APC (56.4%) and 24 with genic mutation of K-ras (43.6%). For the 20 cases of rectal cancer with non-HPV infection, the figures were 12 cases (60%) and 10 (50.0%), respectively, with no significant relation. Survival analysis showed no statistical significance for K-ras genic mutation, APC genic mutation or HPV infection (P>0.05). However, the survival time of the patients with HPV infection was a little shorter than in cases without HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HPV infection might be an important factor to bring about malignant phenotype of rectal cancer and influence prognosis. Genic mutation of APC and K-ras might be common early molecular events of rectal cancer, but without prognostic effects on medium-term or early stage patients with rectal cancer.
The Supernova Channel of Super-AGB Stars

We study the late evolution of solar metallicity stars in the transition region between white dwarf formation and core collapse. This includes the super-asymptotic giant branch (super-AGB, SAGB) stars, which ignite carbon burning and form an oxygen-neon (ONe) core. SAGB star cores may grow to the Chandrasekhar mass because of continued H- and He-shell burning, ending as core-collapse supernovae. From stellar evolution models we find that the initial mass range for SAGB evolution is 7.5–9.25 M☉. We perform calculations with three different stellar evolution codes to judge the robustness of our results. The mass range significantly depends on the treatment of semiconvective mixing and convective overshooting. To consider the effect of a large number of thermal pulses, as expected in SAGB stars, we construct synthetic SAGB models that are calibrated through stellar evolution simulations. The synthetic model enables us to compute the evolution of the main properties of SAGB stars from the onset of thermal pulses until the core reaches the Chandrasekhar mass or is uncovered by the stellar wind. Thereby, we differentiate the stellar initial mass ranges that produce ONe WDs from that leading to electron-capture SNe. The latter is found to be 9.0–9.25 M☉ for our fiducial model, implying that electron-capture SNe would constitute about 4% of all SNe in the local universe. The error in this determination due to uncertainties in the third dredge-up efficiency and AGB mass-loss rate could lead to about a doubling of the number of electron-capture SNe, which provides a firm upper limit to their contribution to all supernovae of ~20%.
Evaluation of a Web Portal for Improving Public Access to Evidence-Based Health Information and Health Literacy Skills: A Pragmatic Trial

Background Using the conceptual framework of shared decision-making and evidence-based practice, a web portal was developed to serve as a generic (non disease-specific) tailored intervention to improve the lay public's health literacy skills. Objective To evaluate the effects of the web portal compared to no intervention in a real-life setting. Methods A pragmatic randomised controlled parallel trial using simple randomisation of 96 parents who had children aged <4 years. Parents were allocated to receive either access to the portal or no intervention, and assigned three tasks to perform over a three-week period. These included a searching task, a critical appraisal task, and reporting on perceptions about participation. Data were collected from March through June 2011. Results Use of the web portal was found to improve attitudes towards searching for health information. This variable was identified as the most important predictor of intention to search in both samples. Participants considered the web portal to have good usability, usefulness, and credibility. The intervention group showed slight increases in the use of evidence-based information, critical appraisal skills, and participation compared to the group receiving no intervention, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Despite the fact that the study was underpowered, we found that the web portal may have a positive effect on attitudes towards searching for health information. Furthermore, participants considered the web portal to be a relevant tool. It is important to continue experimenting with web-based resources in order to increase user participation in health care decision-making. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01266798
Chronologically sampled flight feathers permits recognition of individual molt-migrants due to varying protein sources

This is a proof of concept paper based on chronological samples of growing feathers from geese thought to be molt-migrants. When molt-migrant birds initiate molt shortly after migrating to a new isoscape, isotope values measured along the length of their feathers should change continuously. To assess long-term changes and daily cycling in δ15N and δ13C values, we serially sampled a growing primary from three presumed molt-migrant geese. Two showed changing δ15N signatures along the length of their growing primary, indicating they were molt-migrants, while the third, presumably a resident, showed no change. We then resampled these feathers at closer intervals for evidence of the predicted diel cycle in the use of exogenous and endogenous protein for feather growth, generated by the diel feeding cycle of these geese. As predicted, a periodicity of ca. 24 h in δ15N values was found along the primary of the two equilibrating geese, but not in the other goose that was probably a resident. Our results demonstrate that chronological sampling along the length of individual primaries holds great potential for identifying individuals that are molt-migrants.
The very soft X-ray emission of X-ray-faint early-type galaxies

A recent reanaylsis of Einstein data, and new ROSAT observations, have revealed the presence of at least two components in the X-ray spectra of X-ray faint early-type galaxies: a relatively hard component (kT greater than 1.5 keV), and a very soft component (kT approximately 0.2-0.3 keV). In this paper we address the problem of the nature of the very soft component and whether it can be due to a hot interstellar medium (ISM), or is most likely originated by the collective emission of very soft stellar sources. To this purpose, hydrodynamical evolutionary sequences for the secular behavior of gas flows in ellipticals have been performed, varying the Type Ia supernovae rate of explosion, and the dark matter amount and distribution. The results are compared with the observational X-ray data: the average Einstein spectrum for six X-ray faint early-type galaxies (among which are NGC 4365 and NGC 4697), and the spectrum obtained by the ROSAT pointed observation of NGC 4365. The very soft component could be entirely explained with a hot ISM only in galaxies such as NGC 4697, i.e., when the depth of the potential well-on which the average ISM temperature strongly depends-is quite shallow; in NGC 4365 a diffuse hot ISM would have a temperature larger than that of the very soft component, because of the deeper potential well. So, in NGC 4365 the softest contribution to the X-ray emission comes certainly from stellar sources. As stellar soft X-ray emitters, we consider late-type stellar coronae, supersoft sources such as those discovered by ROSAT in the Magellanic Clouds and M31, and RS CVn systems. All these candidates can be substantial contributors to the very soft emission, though none of them, taken separately, plausibly accounts entirely for its properties. We finally present a model for the X-ray emission of NGC 4365, to reproduce in detail the results of the ROSAT pointed observation, including the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) spectrum and radial surface brightness distribution. The present data may suggest that the X-ray surface brightness is more extended than the optical profile. In this case, a straightforward explanation in terms of stellar sources could not be satisfactory. The available data can be better explained with three different contributions: a very soft component of stellar origin, a hard component from X-ray binaries, and an approximately 0.6 keV hot ISM. The latter can explain the extended X-ray surface brightness profile, if the galaxy has a dark-to-luminous mass ratio of 9, with the dark matter very broadly distributed, and a SN Ia explosive rate of approximately 0.6 the Tammann rate.
Real-time C-band radar observations of 1992 eruption clouds from Crater Peak, Mount Spurr Volcano, Alaska

Repeated aircraft hazards in Alaska related to volcanic clouds have resulted in the use of a mobile C-band radar devoted to volcanic-cloud monitoring. The radar is located at Kenai, in range of several volcanoes in the Cook Inlet area. Three significant eruptions from the Crater Peak vent of Mount Spurr volcano (about 80 km from Kenai) in 1992 provided the first tests of the radar. The system constructs maps of the eruption columns and the drifting ash clouds for short periods (as long as 30 minutes) after eruption. The radar gives direct information about active eruptions in any weather conditions and allows estimates of the altitude of the column, which are useful for three-dimensional trajectory models of ash-cloud transport. It also allows an estimate of the eruption rate based on the ash-column height. However, such estimates may be lower than the true values because the very top of the eruption column, which may not contain coarse ash, may not be detected by the radar. We conclude that the radar detects mainly ash particles, sized from about 1 millimeter to a few centimeters on the basis of three sources-the brief duration of the reflected radar signal, data from independent ground observations on the mass and size of particles which fell out of the reflected cloud, and the intensity of the reflected signal. The most intense reflections come from ash clouds with particles that range from 2 to 20 mm in diameter and with a total particle mass concentration of less than . O1 to 1 g/m3. The data are useful for constructing models of ash columns and deposition of coarse tephra. Radars are not . useful for long-term volcanic cloud tracking because the large ash particles, that provide for strong radar signals fall out soon after an eruption. The radar does not detect smaller (
Candidate codes in the gustatory system of caterpillars

Larvae of tobacco hornworms offer unique opportunities to relate the electrophysiological output of identified chemosensory neurons to specific behavioral responses. Larvae can discriminate among three preferred plants with only eight functioning gustatory receptors. They can be induced to prefer any one of the plants, and these preferences can be reversed. All eight neurons respond to each plant sap. Two fire too infrequently to permit detailed analysis. Analyses of the remaining six show that all electrophysiological responses consist of phasic and tonic components. Only the "salt best" cell fires during the phasic period. Temporal analysis of the spike train during this period shows that tomato and tobacco could be distinguished from Jerusalem cherry but not from each other by a rate code. Measurements of behavioral response times together with the nonspecificity of this with respect of food plants, unacceptable plants, and sodium chloride eliminate a phasic period rate code as a probable mechanism for complex discrimination. Events occurring in the tonic period, when all cells are firing, suggest a major role for this period. Analyses of variance in the interval frequencies of the large and medium spikes suggest that a variance code could allow discrimination among the three plants as long as both cells were firing at the same time. Evidence has been found for temporal patterning in the tonic response of the "salt best" cell to Jerusalem cherry but is absent elsewhere. The most likely basis for coding the difference between each of the three plants is across- fiber patterning in which the relative rates of firing and the variances of all the sensory neurons in the tonic phase are critical.
Phase II study on breast conservative surgery plus chemo- and radiotherapy in treating Chinese patients with early staged breast cancer.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of conservative surgery plus chemo-, radio-therapy in treating patients with early stage breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were treated by postoperative chemotherapy as well as whole-breast irradiation with tumor bed boost. Postoperative radiotherapy consisted of 6 MV whole breast linear accelerator irradiation with two tangential half fields to a total dose of 45~50 Gy, followed by 10~15 MeVβ boost irradiation to tumor bed for 10~20 Gy, total dose 56~66 Gy. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were enrolled. Overall 1-, 2- and 3 year survival rates were 98.1%, 92.3%, and 90.4%, respectively, with a local recurrence rate of 5.77%. Cosmetic results were evaluated as good by doctors in 90.4% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Breast conservative surgery combined with chemo- radio-therapy could be a treatment option for Chinese patients with early stage breast cancer.