Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identity Congruency Effects on Donations

This article describes several field and laboratory experiments that investigate an identity congruency effect on donations. Experiment 1 is a field experiment showing that consumers give more money to a public radio station if they are told that a previous donor who shares their identity also made a large contribution. This effect is more likely to occur when consumers have high collective-identity esteem (measured in Experiment 2a) and when attention is focused on others (manipulated in Experiment 2b). The authors measure these two moderators simultaneously and observe and replicate a three-way interaction. Again, the identity congruency effect is the strongest when consumers have high collective-identity esteem and when attention is focused on others (Experiment 3a and Experiment 3b). These results provide a novel understanding of the causes of the identity congruency effect on donations. The authors conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and substantive implications of these findings.
Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Aortas of Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by NOX1/2 Is Reversed by NADPH Oxidase Inhibition

Arterial hypertension is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, which may scavenge endothelium-derived NO and thereby diminish its vasorelaxant effects. However, the quantitatively relevant source of reactive oxygen species is unclear. Thus, this potential pathomechanism is not yet pharmacologically targetable. Several enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species have been suggested: uncoupled endothelial NO synthase, xanthine oxidase, and NADPH oxidases. Here we show that increased reactive oxygen species formation in aortas of 12- to 14-month–old spontaneously hypertensive rats versus age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats is inhibited by the specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 but neither by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol nor the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. NADPH oxidase activity, as well as protein expression of its catalytic subunits, NOX1 and NOX2, was increased in the aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats, whereas the expression of NOX4 protein, the most abundant NOX isoform, was not significantly changed. Impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation of spontaneously hypertensive rat aortas was significantly improved by VAS2870. In conclusion, NOX1 and NOX2 but not NOX4 proteins are increased in aged spontaneously hypertensive rat aortas. Importantly, these NOX isoforms, in particular, ectopic expression of NOX1 in endothelial cells, appear to affect vascular function in an NADPH oxidase inhibitor-reversible manner. NADPH oxidases may, thus, be a novel target for the treatment of systemic hypertension.
Lightning: an unusual cause of cerebellar infarction

The neurological complications of lightning injury are not infrequent. However, scarce data are available on cerebellar infarction attributable to lightning injury. A 45 year old man was admitted to the emergency department because of lightning injury. The patient had a Glasgow coma scale score of 13/15 on arrival at hospital with accompanying dysarthria and hypotonia. Computed tomography of the head showed only a mild cerebral oedema. Ataxia was recorded on the fourth day. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed ischaemia predominantly in the cerebellar hemispheres bilaterally and in the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes on the right. Anti-oedema treatment was started. The patient was discharged after seven days. After one month the patient was re-examined and found to have minimal ataxia and dysarthria. Lightning injury should not be overlooked in the aetiology and differential diagnosis of acute cerebellar ischaemic insult and relevant clinical findings in adults.
Breaking the Barriers of Essentialism in Leadership Research: Positionality as a Promising Approach

This article reviews the promise of using positionality theory for expanding our knowledge of leadership. Based on a critique of leadership studies that have traditionally maintained a simplistic view of social identities (particularly race and gender), the authors suggest that our understanding of leadership remains partial. Using empirical research results by Adrianna Kezar that examined leadership in a higher education context using a positionality theory framework, the authors describe the benefits of using this framework and the challenges faced by the researchers. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of reconceptualizing leadership research from a positionality perspective.
Coupled Generative Adversarial Networks

We propose coupled generative adversarial network (CoGAN) for learning a joint distribution of multi-domain images. In contrast to the existing approaches, which require tuples of corresponding images in different domains in the training set, CoGAN can learn a joint distribution without any tuple of corresponding images. It can learn a joint distribution with just samples drawn from the marginal distributions. This is achieved by enforcing a weight-sharing constraint that limits the network capacity and favors a joint distribution solution over a product of marginal distributions one. We apply CoGAN to several joint distribution learning tasks, including learning a joint distribution of color and depth images, and learning a joint distribution of face images with different attributes. For each task it successfully learns the joint distribution without any tuple of corresponding images. We also demonstrate its applications to domain adaptation and image transformation.
Early Responses of Natural Killer Cells in Pigs Experimentally Infected with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus

Natural killer (NK) cells are important players in the innate immune response against influenza A virus and the activating receptor NKp46, which binds hemagglutinin on the surface of infected cells, has been assigned a role in this context. As pigs are natural hosts for influenza A viruses and pigs possess both NKp46− and NKp46+ NK cells, they represent a good animal model for studying the role of the NKp46 receptor during influenza. We explored the role of NK cells in piglets experimentally infected with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus by flow cytometric analyses of cells isolated from blood and lung tissue and by immunostaining of lung tissue sections. The number of NKp46+ NK cells was reduced while NKp46− NK cells remained unaltered in the blood 1–3 days after infection. In the lungs, the intensity of NKp46 expression on NK cells was increased during the first 3 days, and areas where influenza virus nucleoprotein was detected were associated with increased numbers of NKp46+ NK cells when compared to uninfected areas. NKp46+ NK cells in the lung were neither found to be infected with influenza virus nor to be undergoing apoptosis. The binding of porcine NKp46 to influenza virus infected cells was verified in an in vitro assay. These data support the involvement of porcine NKp46+ NK cells in the local immune response against influenza virus.
Effects of language learning game on Korean elementary school students

This paper introduces a preliminary study on affective effects of Spoken Dialog-Based Language Learning Game (DB-LLG) currently under the development in our research group. DBLLG is an educational game designed for language learners to convey interactive conversations with in-game characters in interactive immersive environments, such as post office, library, shops, on the street, etc. Students have meaningful interactions with Non Player Characters to complete tasks in each game mission. We used the Wizard-of-Oz method as a preliminary technique to explore various affective effects resulting from students‟ dialog behaviors during the game. A total of 10 elementary school students, ranging in age from 12 to 13, participated in the experiment. The pre/post survey questionnaires were conducted to investigate the effect of DBLLG approach on the affective factors of learning English. The results showed that DB-LLG significantly encourages students‟ satisfaction, interest, and learnability, while slightly decreasing students‟ pre-existing confidence.
hysiology itogen-activated protein kinase 6 controls root growth in rabidopsis by modulating Ca 2 +-based Na + flux in root cell nder salt stress

Little is known about the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) in Na+ toxicity and inhibition of root growth in Arabidopsis under NaCl stress. In this study, we found that root elongation in seedlings of the loss-of-function mutants mpk6-2 and mpk6-3 was less sensitive to NaCl or Na-glutamate, but not to KCl or mannitol, as compared with that of wild-type (WT) seedlings. The less sensitive characteristic was eliminated by adding the Ca2+ chelator EGTA or the Ca2+ channel inhibitor LaCl3, but not the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. This suggested that the tolerance of mpk6 to Na+ toxicity was Ca2+-dependent. We measured plasma membrane (PM) Na+-conducted currents (NCCs) in root cells. Increased concentrations of NaCl increased the inward NCCs while decreased the outward NCCs in WT root cells, attended by a positive shift in membrane potential. In mpk6 root cells, NaCl significantly increased outward but not inward NCCs, accompanied by a negative shift in membrane potential. That is, mpk6 decreased NaCl-induced + + the Na accumulation by modifying PM Na flux in root cells. Observations of aequorin luminescence revealed a NaCl-induced increase of cytosolic Ca2+ in mpk6 root cells, resulting from PM Ca2+ influx. An increase of cytosolic Ca2+ was required to alleviate the NaCl-increased Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in mpk6 roots. Together, these results show that mpk6 accumulated less Na+ in response to NaCl because of the increased cytosolic Ca2+ level in root cells; thus, its root elongation was less inhibited than that of WT by NaCl.
Sexual Harassment: The Relationship of Personal Vulnerability, Work Context, Perpetrator Status, and Type of Harassment to Outcomes.

Abstract This research examined the relationships between the antecedents and outcomes of sexual harassment as well as the influence of different types of perpetrators and different types of harassment via a survey of 214 women university employees. Gender harassment was the most frequent type of harassment reported. A canonical analysis indicated that it was not related to age in a linear fashion—both the youngest women and those who were middle aged were particularly vulnerable. Male-dominated environments were associated with gender harassment by higher, equal-, and lower level men. In the case of gender harassment perpetrated by lower and equal-level men, opportunity to interact with them was an important contributor, whereas it was negative perceptions of the organization's sanctions against harassment that were important in the case of gender harassment perpetrated by higher level men. In general, the more formal power that the harassers held over their targets, the more likely the targets were to report experiencing negative outcomes. For example, there were no significant negative outcomes reported in the case of gender harassment by lower level men. Gender harassment and unwanted sexual attention by peers was associated with higher perceived stress and turnover intentions. By contrast, gender harassment of professional women by higher level men was associated with a wide variety of negative outcomes including increased stress, turnover intentions, and negative mood and decreased satisfaction with their supervisor. The exception to this pattern was that gender harassment of clerical staff by higher level men was associated only with decreased work satisfaction.
Personality as a Dynamical System: Emergence of Stability and Distinctiveness from Intra and Interpersonal Interactions

The implications of conceptualizing personality as a cognitive-affective processing system that functions as a parallel constraint satisfaction network are explored. Computer simulations show that from dynamic interactions among the units in such a network, a set of stable attractor states and functionally equivalent groups of situations emerge, such that IF exposed to situation group X, THEN the system settles in attractor Y. This conceptualization explicitly models the effect of situations on a given individual, and therefore can also be used to model the function of interpersonal systems. We demonstrate this possibility by modeling dyadic systems in which one partner's behavior becomes the situational input into the other partner's personality system, and vice versa. The results indicate that each member of the dyad will, in general, exhibit new attractor states. This suggests that the thoughts, affects, and behaviors that an individual typically experiences are a function not of that individual's personality system alone, but rather a function of the interpersonal system of which the individual is a part. Just as individuals have distinctive and stable IF-THEN signatures, so do interpersonal relationships. Understanding the structure of the cognitive-affective processing system of each relationship partner also should enable predictions of their distincitve relational signatures as emergent properties of the interpersonal system that develops.
Identification of Genetic Variation between Obligate Plant Pathogens Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli Using RNA Sequencing and Genotyping-By-Sequencing

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) were used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification from two economically important obligate plant pathogens, Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli. Twenty isolates of P. cubensis and 19 isolates of P. humuli were genotyped using RNA-seq and GBS. Principle components analysis (PCA) of each data set showed genetic separation between the two species. Additionally, results supported previous findings that P. cubensis isolates from squash are genetically distinct from cucumber and cantaloupe isolates. A PCA-based procedure was used to identify SNPs correlated with the separation of the two species, with 994 and 4,231 PCA-correlated SNPs found within the RNA-seq and GBS data, respectively. The corresponding unigenes (n = 800) containing these potential species-specific SNPs were then annotated and 135 putative pathogenicity genes, including 3 effectors, were identified. The characterization of genes containing SNPs differentiating these two closely related downy mildew species may contribute to the development of improved detection and diagnosis strategies and improve our understanding of host specificity pathways.
Cognitive Outcomes in Public and Private Schools.

Three types of analysis are carried out in this paper and provide strong evidence that there is, in vocabulary and mathematics, higher achievement for comparable students in Catholic and other-private schools than in public; the results are less consistent in reading. The last portion of the analysis shows the elements of school policy that can account for these differences-account for them by showing that achievement is just as high in the public sector when the policies and the resulting student behavior are like those in the Catholic or other-private schools.
What is Wilderness Therapy?

Despite a growing number of programs operating in the United States under the guise of “wilderness therapy,” a consistent and accepted definition is lacking. Rehabilitative, outdoor-based approaches, such as “challenge courses,” “adventure-based therapy,” or “wilderness experience programs,” are often used interchangeably to describe “wilderness therapy. ” This paper attempts to shed light on this issue by presenting an integrated and consistent definition of wilderness therapy to guide program design and future research efforts. Three trends in the industry are also explored which support the notion that wilderness therapy programs are searching for recognition by state agencies, national accreditation agencies, insurance companies and mental health professionals. These trends support the idea that consistent wilderness therapy practices may be emerging which support the use of a consistent definition.
Stance and affect in conversation: On the interplay of sequential and phonetic resources

Abstract Linguists, and other analysts of discourse, regularly make appeal to affectual states in determining the meaning of utterances. We examine two kinds of sequence that occur in everyday conversation. The first involves one participant making an explicit lexical formulation of a co-participant's affectual state (e.g., ‘you sound happy’, ‘don't sound so depressed’). The second involves responses to ‘positive informings’ and ‘negative informings’. Through consideration of sequential organization, participant orientation, and phonetic detail, we suggest that the attribution of analytic categories of affect is problematic. We argue that phonetic characteristics which might be thought to be associated with affect may better be accounted for with reference to the management of particular sequential-interactional tasks. The finding that stance does not inhere in any single turn at talk or any single linguistic aspect leads us to suggest that future investigations into stance and affect will need to pay attention simultaneously to matters of both linguistic-phonetic and sequential organization.
The work and its meaning among Jews and Muslims according to religiosity degree

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the meaning of work (MOW) according to religiosity among Jews and Muslims in Israel. The paper attempts to explain the similarities and the differences between the two ethno-religious groups. Design/methodology/approach - In 2006 the MOW questionnaire was conducted on 1,464 working respondents and the final sample included 898 Jews and 215 Muslims, representing the labor force. The MOW dimensions were: work centrality, intrinsic orientation, economic orientation and interpersonal relations. Findings - While among Jews, religiosity degree affected all four dimensions of the MOW, there were no differences among Muslims with a different religiosity degree concerning all MOW dimensions, except for the economic orientation. Furthermore, among Muslims when religiosity is controlled, the other demographic variables do not influence the MOW domination. Practical implications - This additional knowledge of the relationship between religion, religiosity and the MOW, can help to better understand the employee's needs and how to fulfil them (e.g. implementing “Diversity Management” programs). This suitability will eventually lead to more desirable work outcomes. Social implications - Governmental policy can lead to higher participation of orthodox Jews in the labor market. Moreover, the extra-high work centrality among Arab Muslims reflects a high non-actualized potential for organizations and for the Israeli economy in general. Originality/value - There are no studies that compared work values of Jews and Muslims according to religiosity, in and out of Israel, and this paper explores the MOW of the ethno-religious groups in Israel and the causes for the different patterns.
Simultaneous partial and backward decoding approach for two-level relay networks

In this paper, we propose a new achievable rate for two-level relay networks by introducing a new strategy named simultaneous partial and backward decoding. In the proposed method, benefitting from regular encoding/backward decoding strategy, different message parts transmitted in the network are simultaneously decoded at the relays and the receiver. The proposed strategy is shown to achieve better rates than the previously proposed methods based on decode-and-forward and partial decode-and-forward.
The Changing Face of Racial Discrimination: Hispanics as the Dominant Minority in the USA - a New Application of Power-Threat Theory

According to Hubert Blalock’s 1967 power-threat theory, the larger the minority group’s size the greater the threat to the majority group. Most of Blalock’s examples, and much of the subsequent empirical investigation into the power-threat thesis, focus on Anglo and African American relations. Changing demographics will likely alter existing majority-minority relations as Hispanics displace African Americans as the largest minority. This will change the face of racial discrimination in the country. Indeed, this paper suggests that the animosity toward Latinos by both the majority white and minority black populations may be more intense than those shaping contemporary white-black relations. Two key lifestyle features that have not contaminated black-white relations may exacerbate hostility toward Hispanics: their perceived illegal status in the country, and the perception that Hispanics resist learning English. The role of the media in perpetuating these stereotypes and inflaming hostility toward Latinos is also discussed.
The Development and Validation of the Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia

Objectives To develop and validate Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia. Methods The OPAAT was modified from the Malaysian Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool and developed from an exploratory study on patients. Face and content validity was established by an expert panel. The OPAAT consists of 30 items, categorized into three domains. A higher score indicates higher knowledge level. English speaking non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women ≥50 years of age and pharmacists were included in the study. Results A total of 203 patients and 31 pharmacists were recruited. Factor analysis extracted three domains. Flesch reading ease was 59.2. The mean±SD accuracy rate was 0.60±0.22 (range: 0.26-0.94). The Cronbach’s α for each domain ranged from 0.286-0.748. All items were highly correlated (Spearman’s rho: 0.761-0.990, p<0.05), with no significant change in the overall test-retest scores, indicating that OPAAT has achieved stable reliability. Pharmacists had higher knowledge score than patients (80.9±8.7vs63.6±17.4, p<0.001), indicating that the OPAAT was able to discriminate between the knowledge levels of pharmacists and patients. Conclusion The OPAAT was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patient’s knowledge about osteoporosis and its prevention in Malaysia. The OPAAT can be used to identify individuals in need of osteoporosis educational intervention.
Erim Report Series Research in Management Broker Positions in Task-specific Knowledge Networks: Effects on Perceived Performance and Role Stressors in an Account Management System Bibliographic Data and Classifications

In this paper we empirically investigate various benefits and costs associated with broker characteristics of individuals who operate in the account management system of financial service providers. We narrow our focus to broker positions in two specific task-specific knowledge networks that facilitate account management. We study the effect of broker positions on the contribution of individuals to organizational performance. We measure such a contribution by measuring the perceptions of others concerning a particular individual. We also explore how certain personal costs are associated with these task-specific broker positions. More specifically, we explore how these positions affect role ambiguity and role conflict, as self-perceived by that particular individual. To test the hypothesized effects we collect data for a network consisting of 55 individuals. We conclude with stating that service specification broker positions benefit organizations, but service delivery broker positions are detrimental to an organization and that they also invoke personal costs.