Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serial Renin‐Angiotensin Studies in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar‐Kyoto Normotensive Rats: Transition from Normalto High‐Renin Status During the Established Phase of Spontaneous Hypertension

SUMMARY To characterize the renln-angiotensin system in the Aokl-Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) more fully, serial measurements of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), renin reactivity (as relative index of circulating modifiers of the renin reaction) and renin substrate concentration were made in 6- to 64-week-old SHR and in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY). In the evolving phase of SHR hypertension (6 and 13 weeks of age), PRA was comparable to WKY control values, whereas mature SHR with established hypertension developed, between 13 and 35 weeks of age, a high-PRA state persisting through 64 weeks of age. In 64-week-old SHR, increased plasma volume (3.54 ± 0.91 in SHR vs. 3.18 ± 0.90 ml/100 g body weight in WKY. p < 0.025), together with increased PRA (24.9 ± 3.8 in SHR vs. 13.1 2.2 ng Al/ml plasma/hr in WKY. p < 0.025), suggest that volume decrease cannot explain increased PRA. In 42-week-old SHR, PRA was incompletely suppressed by deoxycorticosterone acetate plus 1% saline orally for 4 days: 4.9 ± 1.2 in SHR vs. 0.6 ± 0.8 ng angiotensin I/ml plasma/hr in WKY, p < 0.001. Modestly increased renin reactivity of plasma was observed in SHR at all ages studied, supporting the ubiquity of increased circulating accelerators (or decreased inhibitors) of the renin reaction in hypertensive states. However, elevated renin reactivity did not account for the transition from normal to high PRA observed in mature SHR, nor did renin substrate concentration, which was consistently lower in SHR than in age-matched WKY. Temporal patterns of, and strain differences in PRA were closely paralleled by variations in PRC but not by other reaction components. Significant elevation of serum creatinine in old SHR support the presence of renal injury. We conclude that PRA and PRC are normal in evolving SHR hypertension and progress to abnormally elevated levels after hypertension is established. We postulate that “higb-renin” hypertension may develop as a consequence of the hypertensive state perse, perhaps due to nepbrosclerotic vascular disease.
Sensory Transduction in Peripheral Nerve Axons Elicits Ectopic Action Potentials

Sensory properties of unmyelinated axons in the isolated rat sciatic nerve have been revealed previously by measuring stimulated neuropeptide release in response to noxious stimuli. In addition, axonal sensitization by inflammatory mediators has been demonstrated and shown to depend on the heat- and proton-activated ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1. It was unclear whether this responsiveness is accompanied by ectopic generation of action potentials, which may play a crucial role in painful neuropathies. We explored this hypothesis using the isolated mouse skin-nerve preparation. This method enabled us to directly compare the sensory properties of axons in the peripheral nerve with their characterized cutaneous terminals in the receptive field using propagated action potentials as an index of axonal activation. Single-fiber recordings from 51 mechanosensitive mouse C-fibers revealed that a majority of the polymodal nociceptors responded with an encoding discharge rate to graded heating of the cutaneous receptive field (n = 38) as well as of the saphenous nerve carrying the fiber under investigation (n = 25; 66%). Axonal heat responses paralleled those of the receptive fields with regard to thresholds and discharge rates (41.5 ± 4.3°C; 7.7 ± 9.6 spikes in a 20 s 32–48°C ranged stimulation). In contrast, axonal mechanosensitivity was poor and noxious cold sensitivity more rarely encountered. In conclusion, peripheral nerve axons exhibit sensory transduction capacities similar to their nociceptive terminals in the skin with respect to noxious heat, although not to mechanical and cold sensitivity. This may become a source of ectopic discharge and pain if axonal heat threshold drops to body temperature, as may be the case during inflammation-like processes in peripheral nerves.
Efficient Runahead Threads

Runahead Threads (RaT) is a promising solution that enables a thread to speculatively run ahead and prefetch data instead of stalling for a long-latency load in a simultaneous multithreading processor. With this capability, RaT can reduces resource monopolization due to memory-intensive threads and exploits memory-level parallelism, improving both system performance and single-thread performance. Unfortunately,the benefits of RaT come at the expense of increasing the number of executed instructions, which adversely affects its energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose Runahead Distance Prediction (RDP), a simple technique to improve the efficiency of Runahead Threads. The main idea of the RDP mechanism is to predict how far a thread should run ahead speculatively such that speculative execution is useful. By limiting the runahead distance of a thread, we generate efficient runahead threads that avoid unnecessary speculative execution and enhance RaT energy efficiency. By reducing runahead-based speculation when it is predicted to be not useful, RDP also allows shared resources to be efficiently used by non-speculative threads. Our results show that RDP significantly reduces power consumption while maintaining the performance of RaT, providing better performance and energy balance than previous proposals in the field.
Ambulatory measurement and analysis of the lower limb 3D posture using wearable sensor system

An original approach for ambulatory measurement and analysis of lower limb 3D gait posture was presented, and a wearable sensor system was developed according to the approach. To explicate the lower limb posture, thigh orientation angles were calculated based on a virtual sensor at the hip joint and double analog inertial sensors (MAG3) on the thigh; Knee joint angle in sagittal plane was calculated with combination of angular accelerations and angular velocities measured by two MAG3 on the thigh and shank on the basis of the virtual-sensor based algorithm. The developed wearable sensor system was evaluated on the lower limb. Without integration of angular acceleration or angular velocity for the thigh orientation angles and the knee joint angle, the calculated result was not distorted by offset and drift. Using virtual sensors at the hip joint and the knee joint were more simple, practical and effective than fixing physical sensors at these joints. Compared with the result from the reference system, the measured result with the developed wearable sensor system was feasible to do gait analysis for the patients in the daily life, and the method can also be used in other conditions such as measuring rigid segment posture with less sensors and high degree of accuracy.
Power matching approach for GPS coverage extension

The inherent problem of the Global Positioning System (GPS), which is signal obstruction, remains the major obstacle that inhibits it from functioning as a "reliable stand-alone" positioning system. Therefore, it is becoming a common practice to couple the GPS system with an external positioning system whenever the GPS receiver is expected to operate in regions of dense canopy, such as urban areas. Commercial automobile navigation systems currently employ a GPS receiver coupled with a dead reckoning (DR) system and a map-matching algorithm. Most DR systems, which compensate for GPS inaccuracies and frequent GPS signal obstructions, employ an odometer and a directional sensor. In this paper, a power matching approach is proposed for GPS coverage extension in urban area. The algorithm, based on a statistical measure, correlates the received power from different GPS satellite vehicles (SVs), which leads to a specific signature, i.e., to a topographical database with periodic time-varying estimates of the received powers of SVs. An experimental approach is presented to examine the feasibility of applying the proposed positioning system.
Formative research on development of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for selected multi ethnic foods in Jakarta

Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for many diseases. However, specific tools for assessing food in a routine consumption among multi-ethnic urban population is limited. Therefore, we conducted a formative research to develop ethnic-specific semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (ES-SFFQs) for several ethnicities living in Jakarta. We performed an online search, formative research, and questionnaires pretesting. The formative research used qualitative method including four focus group discussions (FGDs), eight indepth interviews (IDIs) for 2 people in each ethnicity, and market surveys. Before conducting FGDs and IDIs, a literature review was done to construct initial ethnic food list. Respondents were apparently healthy adults aged 19-55 years from Minangkabau, Sundanese, Chinese, and Betawi ethnicities whose parents originated from the same ethnicity. Pretesting was performed to 25 subjects (Minangkabau, n=6, Sundanese, n=6, Chinese, n=7, Betawi, n=6) to confirm the final ES-FFQs. Four ES-SFFQs were developed common and ethnic foods. Each food was classified into 10 food groups in the final ES-SFFQs. A total of 248 common foods, 35 Minangkabau foods, 36 Sundanese foods, 31 Chinese foods, and 38 Betawi foods are included in the four final ES-SFFQs that were derived from the data of commonly consumed food based on total contribution of energy intake per day. Four ES-SFFQs have been developed and pretested comprising 248 common foods, 35 Minangkabau, 36 Sundanese, 31 Chinese, and 38 Betawi foods. This developed ES-SFFQs can facilitate the standardization and comparable assessment of diets among ethnic groups in Jakarta and other areas. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(1): 254-262)
Does Political Reservation for Minorities Reduce Poverty? Evidence from India

Armative action policies have been proposed and used in both developed and developing countries to raise the well-being of disadvantaged minority groups. Among the most radical of these policies has been to mandate political representation for minorities. This paper examines the eect of political reservation for minorities on poverty in India. The Indian constitution stipulates that the share of reserved seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes‐two principal disadvantaged minorities in India‐be the same as their share in most recent decennial census of population. I take advantage of the state‐time variation in minority political representation generated by the aforementioned policy rule in the Indian Constitution and the timing of elections to provide exogenous variation in minority representation. Using state level panel data, I find that increasing scheduled tribe representation significantly reduced rural and urban poverty, while increasing scheduled caste representation reduces urban poverty but has no impact on rural poverty. Interestingly, it appears to be the people just below the poverty line, not those far below it, who are benefiting. These findings survive a variety of robustness checks.
Milk production under grazing of different pasture grasses in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central Mexico

The objective was to assess the productive performance of milking dairy cows grazing festulolium (Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis variety Spring Green) or two varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) variety Bargala and variety Payday in small-scale dairy systems in central Mexico. Six Holstein cows were used in a set of two 3 X 3 Latin Squares design. Treatments were continuous grazing for 10 h/d of Bargala, Payday or Spring Green festulolium pastures, supplemented with 5 kg of commercial compound concentrate cow/day. Animal variables were milk yield, live weight, body condition score, and fat and protein content in milk. In pastures variables were net herbage accumulation (NHA), sward height, and chemical composition of hand-plucked samples of herbage in terms of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and the enzymatic in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments for milk yield, milk composition or live-weight; nor there were differences (P>0.05) for pasture variables. Spring Green festulolium performed similarly in pasture and animal variables as Bargala or Payday perennial ryegrasses. It is concluded that the three grasses under grazing are adequate for small-scale dairy systems with no advantage in using festulolium.
Coded Two-Bucket Cameras for Computer Vision : Supplementary Materials

Twoand four-bucket pixel layouts from the literature. The design of our sensor’s pixels builds upon several earlier pixel designs that include more than one bucket. Fig. A.1 shows four such designs, including an earlier C2B design from our group [3]. These layouts are shown here to provide some basic intuition about the two key design choices we made in our prototype’s new sensor—and in C2B sensing more generally.
Effects of Storage Conditions , Storage Periods and Dormancy-Breaking Treatments on the Viability and Germination of Citrullus colocynthis ( L . ) Schrad Seeds

1. Genetic Resources Department, Department of Agricultural research, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, 200022, Doha, Qatar. 2. Ecology and Range Management Department, Ecology and Dry Lands Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Mataria St, 11753 Matariya, Cairo, Egypt. 3. Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Mataria St, 11753 Matariya, Cairo, Egypt.
Haploidization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by a Deficiency in Homologous Recombination

Diploid Saccharomyes cerevisae strains lacking the RAD52 gene required for homologous recombination have a very high rate of chromosome loss. Two of four isolates subcultured ∼20 times (∼500 cell divisions) became haploid. These strains were capable of mating with wild-type haploids to produce diploid progeny capable of undergoing meiosis to produce four viable spores.
Combined fluid-dynamic modelling of hybrid rocket internal ballistics and nozzle heat transfer

A computational thermo-fluid-dynamic model of the hybrid rocket internal ballistics has been developed in the present work. Numerical simulations of the flowfield in a laboratory 200 N-class hybrid rocket engine, operated with gaseous oxygen and high-density polyethylene or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene have been carried out. The objective is twofold: first the prediction of the solid fuel regression rate, which is calculated with an improved gas/surface interface treatment based on local mass, energy and mean mixture fraction balances as well as proper turbulence boundary conditions, along with chamber pressure and combustion efficiency. Second, the detailed study of the discharge nozzle flow and heat transfer. For the validation of the model, data retrieved from two firing tests are compared with the numerical results revealing good agreement of the average regression rates, fuel consumption axial profiles, and of the chamber pressure and combustion efficiency. The output of the motor ballistic simulations are then used for a detailed numerical study of the flow through the nozzle and of the unsteady thermal field inside the nozzle solid block showing different behaviours of graphite compared to ceramic material nozzle, highlighting the severe thermal gradient occurring in the ceramic material.
Serum cortisol level and adrenal reserve as a predictor of patients’ outcome after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Introduction: It is thought that pituitary-adrenal axis has a fundamental role in outcome of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). This study designed to evaluate the correlation between adrenal reserve and post-resuscitation outcome. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 52 consecutive patients with CPA were enrolled in two emergency departments (EDs) over a 3-month period. Plasma cortisol level was measured at the beginning of CPR. Intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was carried out after successful CPR, and blood samples were taken at 30 and 60 minutes, and 24 hours thereafter. Patients were divided into two groups: in-hospital death or hospital discharge. Results: In patients who died, baseline and post-ACTH serum cortisol after 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours were higher than patients who discharged from the hospital, but it was not statistically significant except to that of minute 60 (P=0.49). A model of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and need for vasopressor infusion correlated with mortality. Conclusion: Current study could not show the statistically significant difference in initial and post-ACTH serum cortisol levels between survivor and non-survivor patients with cardiac arrest who had initial successful CPR, except to that of minute 60.
Exploring Physicians' Dissatisfaction and Work-Related Stress: Development of the PhyDis Scale

Research, all over the world, is starting to recognize the potential impact of physicians' dissatisfaction and burnout on their productivity, that is, on their intent to leave the job, on their work ability, on the amount of sick leave days, on their intent to continue practicing, and last but not least, on the quality of the services provided, which is an essential part of the general medical care system. It was interest of the provincial medical board's ethical committee to acquire information about physician's work-related stress and dissatisfaction. The research group was committed to define the indicators of dissatisfaction and work-related stressors. Focus groups were carried out, 21 stressful experience's indicators were identified; we developed an online questionnaire to assess the amount of perceived stress relating to each indicator at work (3070 physicians were contacted by e-mail); quantitative and qualitative data analysis were carried out. The grounded theory perspective was applied in order to assure the most reliable procedure to investigate the concepts' structure of “work-related stress. ” We tested the five dimensions' model of the stressful experience with a confirmatory factor analysis: Personal Costs; Decline in Public Image and Role Uncertainty; Physician's Responsibility toward hopelessly ill Patients; Relationship with Staff and Colleagues; Bureaucracy. We split the sample according to attachment style (secure and insecure -anxious and avoidant-). Results show the complex representation of physicians' dissatisfaction at work also with references to the variable of individual difference of attachment security/insecurity. The discriminant validity of the scale was tested. The original contribution of this paper lies on the one hand in the qualitative in depth inductive analysis of physicians' dissatisfaction starting from physicians' perception, on the other hand, it represents the first attempt to analyze the physicians' dissatisfaction with reference to attachment styles, which is recognized as being a central variable of individual difference supporting caregiving practices. This study represents an original and innovative attempt to address physicians' dissatisfaction and job satisfaction. The PhyDis scale has been developed and, in line with international findings, our results indicate that role uncertainty and loss of social esteem are the most dissatisfying factors.
Lateral diffusion of membrane-spanning and glycosylphosphatidylinositol- linked proteins: toward establishing rules governing the lateral mobility of membrane proteins

In the plasma membrane of animal cells, many membrane-spanning proteins exhibit lower lateral mobilities than glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins. To determine if the GPI linkage was a major determinant of the high lateral mobility of these proteins, we measured the lateral diffusion of chimeric membrane proteins composed of normally transmembrane proteins that were converted to GPI-linked proteins, or GPI-linked proteins that were converted to membrane- spanning proteins. These studies indicate that GPI linkage contributes only marginally (approximately twofold) to the higher mobility of several GPI-linked proteins. The major determinant of the high mobility of these proteins resides instead in the extracellular domain. We propose that lack of interaction of the extracellular domain of this protein class with other cell surface components allows diffusion that is constrained only by the diffusion of the membrane anchor. In contrast, cell surface interactions of the ectodomain of membrane- spanning proteins exemplified by the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein reduces their lateral diffusion coefficients by nearly 10- fold with respect to many GPI-linked proteins.
VEGETATION CORRELATES OF GIBBON DENSITY IN THE SEBANGAU NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Understanding the links between animal populations and the characteristics of their habitat is essential for their conservation. Following recent re-assessments of the conservation status of the Bornean agile gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis), the need to conserve the peatswamp forests of Kalimantan, one of its main habitats, is more pressing than ever. Little information is available on gibbons in peat-swamp forest. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vegetation characteristics and gibbon density in a newly protected, secondary peat-swamp forest in the Sebangau National Park. The study was conducted from 1 st May to 28 th July 2008, using auditory sampling methods and speed plotting. Gibbon densities and vegetation characteristics were recorded at 13 sites within the Natural Laboratory for the Study of Peat-swamp Forest. Gibbon densities were calculated after the number of groups in each area was determined by plotting all recorded calls on a map. Gibbon densities ranged from 1.39 to 3.92 groups/km2, and were found to be correlated with canopy cover at 20m, median tree height, density and biomass of large trees and food availability. These results highlight the importance of large, tall trees and good canopy cover for the gibbon population in the Sebangau forest; they indicate that conservation efforts should be directed to the preservation of those large trees and the prevention of selective logging, which targets them. It is hoped that the results of this survey will contribute to the preservation of both Indonesia’s peat-swamp forests and the gibbons that inhabit them.
Online and Linear-Time Attention by Enforcing Monotonic Alignments

Recurrent neural network models with an attention mechanism have proven to be extremely effective on a wide variety of sequence-to-sequence problems. However, the fact that soft attention mechanisms perform a pass over the entire input sequence when producing each element in the output sequence precludes their use in online settings and results in a quadratic time complexity. Based on the insight that the alignment between input and output sequence elements is monotonic in many problems of interest, we propose an end-to-end differentiable method for learning monotonic alignments which, at test time, enables computing attention online and in linear time. We validate our approach on sentence summarization, machine translation, and online speech recognition problems and achieve results competitive with existing sequence-to-sequence models.