Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland

The mammary gland is able to detect and react to bacterial intrusion through innate immunity mechanisms, but mammary inflammation can also result from antigen-specific adaptive immunity. We postulated that innate and adaptive immune responses could synergize to trigger inflammation in the mammary gland. To test this hypothesis, we immunized cows with the model antigen ovalbumin and challenged the sensitized animals with either Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as innate immunity agonist, ovalbumin as adaptive immunity agonist, or both agonists in three different udder quarters of lactating cows. There was a significant amplification of the initial milk leukocytosis in the quarters challenged with the two agonists compared to leukocytosis in quarters challenged with LPS or ovalbumin alone. This synergistic response occurred only with the cows that developed the ovalbumin-specific inflammatory response, and there were significant correlations between milk leukocytosis and production of IL-17A and IFN-γ in a whole-blood ovalbumin stimulation assay. The antigen-specific response induced substantial concentrations of IL-17A and IFN-γ in milk contrary to the response to LPS. Such a synergy at the onset of the reaction of the mammary gland suggests that induction of antigen-specific immune response with bacterial antigens could improve the initial immune response to infection, hence reducing the bacterial load and contributing to protection.
The 5q31 variants associated with psoriasis and Crohn's disease are distinct

Predisposition to psoriasis is known to be affected by genetic variation in HLA-C, IL12B and IL23R, but other genetic risk factors also exist. We recently reported three psoriasis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5q31 locus, a region of high linkage disequilibrium laden with inflammatory pathway genes. The aim of this study was to assess whether other variants in the 5q31 region are causal to these SNPs or make independent contributions to psoriasis risk by genotyping a comprehensive set of tagging SNPs in a 725 kb region bounded by IL3 and IL4 and testing for disease association. Ninety SNPs, capturing 86.4% of the genetic diversity, were tested in one case–control sample set (467 cases/460 controls) and significant markers (Pallelic < 0.05) (n = 9) were then tested in two other sample sets (981 cases/925 controls). All nine SNPs were significant in a meta-analysis of the combined sample sets. Pair-wise conditional association tests showed rs1800925, an intergenic SNP located just upstream of IL13 (Mantel–Haenszel Pcombined = 1.5 × 10−4, OR = 0.77 [0.67–0.88]), could account for observed significant association of all but one other SNP, rs11568506 in SLC22A4 [Mantel–Haenszel Pcombined = 0.043, OR = 0.68 (0.47–0.99)]. Haplotype analysis of these two SNPs showed increased significance for the two common haplotypes (rs11568506–rs1800925: GC, Pcombined = 5.67 × 10−6, OR = 1.37; GT, Pcombined = 6.01 × 10−5, OR = 0.75; global haplotype P = 8.93 × 10−5). Several 5q31-region SNPs strongly associated with Crohn's disease (CD) in the recent WTCCC study were not significant in the psoriasis sample sets tested here. These results identify the most significant 5q31 risk variants for psoriasis and suggest that distinct 5q31 variants contribute to CD and psoriasis risk.
Seizures and Civilian Head Injuries

Summary: Although several studies have reported on the risk of “early seizures” (seizures occurring within 7 days following a head injury), the reported proportions of patients experiencing these seizures vary from 1.4 to 15%. This wide divergence may be due to problems with methodology such as case selection and definitions of head injury and early seizures. In a series of 702 patients admitted with a head injury to Cook County Hospital (CCH), Chicago, Illinois, 29 (4.1%) had early seizures. This proportion is twice as high as one previously reported in a comparable series. This may reflect an actual difference between the two series or a case selection bias serving to elevate the proportion of patients with early seizures at CCH.
Giving credit where credit is due

Individuals who have made a direct intellectual contribution to the development of the new ideas and findings are distinguished by being listed as an author of the new work. [. ]ethical writing involves clear attributions to the authors of the previous work that was used in creating the new knowledge through citation and to individuals who contributed to the new work in significant ways through authorship. Flowchart: What to do if you suspect plagiarism: (a) Suspected plagiarism in a submitted manuscript.Telechargeau http://publicationethics.org/files/u7140/plagiarism%20A.pdf International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.
Permutation Polynomials modulo m

This paper mainly studies problems about so called "permutation polynomials modulo $m$", polynomials with integer coefficients that can induce bijections over Z_m={0,. ,m-1}. The necessary and sufficient conditions of permutation polynomials are given, and the number of all permutation polynomials of given degree and the number induced bijections are estimated. A method is proposed to determine all equivalent polynomials from the induced polynomial function, which can be used to determine all equivalent polynomials that induce a given bijection. A few problems have not been solved yet in this paper and left for open study. Note: After finishing the first draft, we noticed that some results obtained in this paper can be proved in other ways (see Remark 2). In this case, this work gives different and independent proofs of related results.
Skin Toxicity Due to Telaprevir: A New Drug We Should Be Familiar With (cid:2)

Ultrastructural studies and immunophenotyping have shown these cells to be fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The immunohistochemical profile is very variable, although vimentin is frequently expressed. CD34 expression has been reported in some cases; this can complicate the diagnosis as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans must then be considered in the differential diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry is useful to orient the pathologist, but the diagnosis is fundamentally morphological. Treatment is surgical, and recurrence is rare after excision with an adequate margin. Tardío et al. gathered a total of 34 cases in children and 56% of those tumors were found on the neck, as in the 2 patients we describe. A primary characteristic of pediatric dermatomyofibroma therefore appears to be its tendency to arise in the cervical region. In adults, on the other hand, the tumor arises most frequently on the shoulders or proximal region of the limbs and is less common on the neck. The second characteristic is that the tumor predominantly affects boys. In adults, 90% of cases are in women. It has been speculated that the tumor may spontaneously regress in male children at puberty and persist in girls, leading to a higher prevalence in adult women. The importance of this disease is its differentiation from other tumors formed of spindle cells, such as desmoid tumor and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. In addition, other mesenchymal lesions more typical of the pediatric age range, such as fibrous hamartoma of infancy, myofibromatosis, connective tissue nevus, and smooth muscle hamartoma, must be excluded. A guide to the differential diagnosis of these tumors is presented in Table 1.
Mode lifetimes of stellar oscillations - Implications for asteroseismology

Context. Successful inference from asteroseismology relies on at least two factors: that the oscillations in the stars have amplitudes large enough to be clearly observable, and that the oscillations themselves be stable enough to enable precise measurements of mode frequencies and other parameters. Solar-like p modes are damped by convection, and hence the stability of the modes depends on the lifetime. Aims. We seek a simple scaling relation between the mean lifetime of the most prominent solar-like p modes in stars, and the fundamental stellar parameters. Methods. We base our search for a relation on the use of stellar equilibrium and pulsation computations of a grid of stellar models, and the first asteroseismic results on lifetimes of main-sequence, sub-giant and red-giant stars. Results. We find that the mean lifetimes of all three classes of solar-like stars scale like T-eff(-4) (where T-eff is the effective temperature). When this relation is combined with the well-known scaling relation of Kjeldsen & Bedding for mode amplitudes observed in narrow-band intensity observations, we obtain the unexpected result that the height (the maximum power spectral density) of mode peaks in the frequency power spectrum scales as g(-2) (where g is the surface gravity). As it is the mode height (and not the amplitude) that fixes the S/N at which the modes can be measured, and as g changes only slowly along the main sequence, this suggests that stars cooler than the Sun might be as good targets for asteroseismology as their hotter counterparts. When observations are instead made in Doppler velocity, our results imply that mode height does increase with increasing effective temperature.
Firm Heterogeneity and Aggregate Welfare

We examine how firm heterogeneity influences aggregate welfare through endogenous firm selection. We consider a homogeneous firm model that is a special case of a heterogeneous firm model with a degenerate productivity distribution. Keeping all structural parameters besides the productivity distribution the same, we show that the two models have diff erent aggregate welfare implications, with larger welfare gains from reductions in trade costs in the heterogeneous firm model. Calibrating parameters to key U.S. aggregate and firm statistics, we find these differences in aggregate welfare to be quantitatively important (up to a few percentage points of GDP). Under the assumption of a Pareto productivity distribution, the two models can be calibrated to the same observed trade share, trade elasticity with respect to variable trade costs, and hence welfare gains from trade (as shown by Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare, 2012); but this requires assuming different elasticities of substitution between varieties and different fixed and variable trade costs across the two models.
A Regional Categorization for “New-Type Urbanization” in China

Regional differences in the character of urbanization in China are substantial. The promotion of what has been termed “new-type urbanization” cannot, as a result of these regional differences, be expected to follow a universal approach—rather, such a development must objectively adhere to locational and category-specific principles and adopt differentiated urbanization development models. Regional categorization is often used in geography, but is rarely deployed in research addressing human and social problems relating to urbanization. In March 2014, China published the National New-type Urbanization Plan (2014–2020), which calls for the scientific and reasonable planning of “new-type urbanization,” and appropriate regional categorizations are urgently needed in order to guide this reform. Responding to this challenge, this research engaged in the design of a “dominantly quantitative analysis, qualitatively supplemented” method in order to divide China into 5 main regions and 47 sub-regions in terms of new-type urbanization. The paper discusses the features and key problems of each region. This study introduces a new method for regional categorization, thereby remedying the lack of regional categorization in relation to “new-type urbanization” in China, and ultimately promoting the development of regional categorization in the humanities as a valuable reference for healthy and sustainable Chinese urbanization.
One is a Lonely Number: on the logic of communication

Logic is not just about single-agent notions like reasoning, or zero-agent notions like truth, but also about communication between two or more people. What we tell and ask each other can be just as 'logical' as what we infer in Olympic solitude. We show how such interactive phenomena can be studied systematically by merging epistemic and dynamic logic. 1 Logic in a social setting 1 . 1 Questions and answers Consider the simplest type of communication: a question–answer episode between two agents. Here is a typical example. Being a Batavian soldier – a German tribe in the Rhine delta of proverbial valour – I approach you in a busy Roman street, A.D. 160, intent on contacting my revered general Maximus, now a captive, and ask: Q Is this the road to the Colosseum? As a well-informed and helpful Roman citizen, you answer A Yes. This is the sort of thing that we all do competently millions of times in our lives. There is nothing to it. But what is going on? I learn the fact that this is the road to the Colosseum. But much more happens. By asking the question, I convey to you that I do not know the answer, and also, that I think it possible that you do know. This information flows before you have said anything at all. Then, by answering, you do not just convey the topographical fact to me. You also bring it about that you know that I know, I know that you know I know, etc. This knowledge up to every finite depth of mutual reflection is called common knowledge. It involves a mixture of factual information and iterated information about what others know. These epistemic overtones concerning our mutual information are not mere sideeffects. They may steer further concrete actions. Some bystanders' knowing that I know may lead them to rush off and warn the Emperor Commodus – my knowing that they know I know may lead me to prevent them from doing just that. So
Influence of hot rolling and heat treatment on structure and properties of HSLA steel explosively clad with austenitic stainless steel

Abstract The present work aims at studying structure–property correlations in an explosively clad HSLA steel with austenitic stainless steel of AISI 304L grade. The clad plate was subjected to hot rolling followed by a quenching and tempering treatment to achieve better mechanical properties in the base plate. Optical microscopy studies revealed that the interface between the two steels was wavy in the as clad plate and the waviness decreased substantially due to hot rolling. Subsequent heat treatment has not shown any significant effect either. The base plate had tempered martensite/bainite structure in as clad or heat treated conditions and ferrite-pearlite-bainite structure in hot rolled condition. The grains were finer and elongated near the interface. The stainless steel exhibited equiaxed grain structure in as clad, hot rolled or heat treated plates. Tensile properties and charpy impact energy of the base plate were lowered due to hot rolling and then increased substantially due to heat treatment. The microhardness was observed to be a maximum at the bond interface for all three conditions studied. The shear bond strength was the highest in the as clad condition and decreased for the rolled as well as heat treated conditions. Scanning electron microscopy fractography on shear bond specimens revealed the presence of predominantly equiaxed dimples with few regions of rubbed fracture. Quantitative electron probe microanalysis across the bond interface indicated linear change in concentrations of nickel, chromium and manganese between the levels appropriate to the clad layer and base metal.
University of Groningen An expanded set of photoreceptors in the Eastern Pale Clouded Yellow butterfly , Colias

We studied the spectral and polarisation sensitivities of photoreceptors of the butterXy Colias erate by using intracellular electrophysiological recordings and stimulation with light pulses. We developed a method of response waveform comparison (RWC) for evaluating the eVective intensity of the light pulses. We identiWed one UV, four violet-blue, two green and two red photoreceptor classes. We estimated the peak wavelengths of four rhodopsins to be at about 360, 420, 460 and 560 nm. The four violet-blue classes are presumably based on combinations of two rhodopsins and a violet-absorbing screening pigment. The green classes have reduced sensitivity in the ultraviolet range. The two red classes have primary peaks at about 650 and 665 nm, respectively, and secondary peaks at about 480 nm. The shift of the main peak, so far the largest amongst insects, is presumably achieved by tuning the eVective thickness of the red perirhabdomal screening pigment. Polarisation sensitivity of green and red photoreceptors is higher at the secondary than at the main peak. We found a 20-fold variation of sensitivity within the cells of one green class, implying possible photoreceptor subfunctionalisation. We propose an allocation scheme of the receptor classes into the three ventral ommatidial types.
A node scheduling scheme for energy conservation in large wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks that consist of a large number of low-power, short-lived, unreliable sensors, one of the main design challenges is to obtain long system lifetime without sacrificing system original performances (sensing coverage and sensing reliability). In this paper, we propose a node-scheduling scheme, which can reduce system overall energy consumption, therefore increasing system lifetime, by identifying redundant nodes in respect of sensing coverage and then assigning them an off-duty operation mode that has lower energy consumption than the normal on-duty one. Our scheme aims to completely preserve original sensing coverage theoretically. Practically, sensing coverage degradation caused by location error, packet loss and node failure is very limited, not more than 1% as shown by our experimental results. In addition, the experimental results illustrate that certain redundancy is still guaranteed after node-scheduling, which we believe can provide enough sensing reliability in many applications. We implement the proposed scheme in NS-2 as an extension of the LEACH protocol and compare its energy consumption with the original LEACH. Simulation results exhibit noticeably longer system lifetime after introducing our scheme than before. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of methods for the mechanical characterization of polymers for MEMS applications

This paper gives an overview of a series of experiments conducted in order to characterize the mechanical behavior of two photodefinable epoxies. In particular, it focuses on the stiffness of the materials. The (complex) modulus is measured using five different methods: conventional nanoindentation, continuous stiffness measurement nanoindentation, nanoindentation on MEM structures, dynamic tensile tests and static tensile tests. The measured moduli range from 0.9 to 7.4 GPa for SU-8 and from 1 to 4.1 GPa for Epoclad, depending on the type of experiment and the loading speeds used in the experiments. Results reveal that conventional nanoindentation is not well optimized for polymer characterization and that there is a need for stiffness measurements using more fundamental approaches like a (dynamic) tensile test.
Concurrent mood and anxiety disorders are associated with pharmacoresistant seizures in patients with MTLE

To investigate whether mood disorders (MD) and anxiety disorders (AD) are associated with seizure control in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). We compared patients without any current psychiatric disorder, patients with current MD and/or AD, patients with subsyndromic depression episodes (SSDE) and anxiety episodes (SSAE), and patients with family psychiatric history.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Surveillance studies on infectious diseases : Evidence for action van Rijckevorsel

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Object closure and manipulation by multiple cooperating mobile robots

We address the manipulation of planar objects by multiple cooperating mobile robots using the concept of object closure. In contrast to form or force closure, object closure is a condition under which the object is trapped so that there is no feasible path for the object from the given position to any position that is beyond a specified threshold distance. Once object closure is achieved, the robots can cooperatively drag or flow the trapped object to the desired goal. We define object closure and develop a set of decentralized algorithms that allow the robots to achieve and maintain object closure. We show how simple, first-order, potential field based controllers can be used to implement multirobot manipulation tasks.
A Cross-National Self-Report Measure of Depressive Symptomatology

The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was administered in Swedish to two representative samples, one aged 84 to 90 (mean = 87), the second aged 29 to 95 (mean = 61). There were both linear and quadratic differences with age: the oldest individuals were highest on depressive symptoms, but younger adults were higher than middle-aged. Dimensions or subscales identified by previous studies were generally replicated, including a sadness and depressed mood factor, a psychomotor retardation and loss of energy factor, and a well-being factor (on which items are reverse-scored to indicate depression). The findings support cross-national use of the CES-D to assess self-reported symptoms of depression in adults and older adults.
Vector unpacking as a potential barrier for receptor-mediated polyplex gene delivery.

Ligand-conjugated polymer (polyplex) gene delivery vectors have strong potential as targeted, in vivo gene transfer vehicles; however, they are currently limited by low delivery efficiency. A number of barriers to polyplex-mediated delivery have been previously identified, including receptor binding, internalization, endosomal escape, and nuclear localization. However, based on understanding of viral gene delivery systems, yet another potential barrier may exist; a limited ability to unpackage the plasmid DNA cargo following localization to the nucleus. We have developed a model system that employs a cationic polymer linked to epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a ligand to target delivery of plasmid DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein to mouse fibroblasts bearing the EGF receptor. Using fluorescence microscopy to simultaneously trace both the plasmid and polymer during gene delivery in combination with an in vitro transcription assay, we provide evidence that plasmid unpackaging can indeed be a limiting step for gene expression for sufficiently large polymer constructs. Short-term expression is significantly enhanced by using short polycations that dissociate from DNA more rapidly both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we describe a thermodynamic model that supports these data by showing that shorter polycations can have a higher probability of dissociating from DNA. This work demonstrates that vector unpackaging should be added to the list of barriers to receptor-mediated polyplex gene delivery, thus providing an additional design principle for targeted synthetic delivery vehicles.