Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Teacher And Peer in Helping the Students Orally Participate in An EFL Classroom

The purpose of the study is to discover the role of teacher and peer in helping the students orally participate in an EFL classroom. I applied a three-month qualitative case study on 24 first-year university students. I employed observation, open-ended questionnaire, and in-depth interview to collect data. Further, I applied inductive analysis to decode the data. The results of the study revealed that first, the teacher played an important role to help the students orally participate in both class and group discussions through the inquiries provided during the class discussion, and feedbacks given after the group discussions. Second, results of the study indicated that peers also significantly contributed to motivating the lower-achieving students to improve their oral participation, particularly in group discussions. In this circumstance, the data revealed that the students showed learning enthusiasm which helped creating a positive learning athmosphere in which this positive learning athmosphere can be perceived when they motivated one another through feedbacks given to solve their difficulties finding appropriate English terms and pronounciation, arranging their sentence structure, and developing their ideas. In addition, the students motivated one another through fun activities such as talking about movie quotes, and words of encouragement. In short, both teacher and peer helped encouraging the students to orally participate in both class and group discussions.
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) of CaMV-35S Promoter and nos Terminator for Rapid Detection of Genetically Modified Crops

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel isothermal DNA amplification and detection technology that enables the amplification of DNA within 30 min at a constant temperature of 37–42 °C by simulating in vivo DNA recombination. In this study, based on the regulatory sequence of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV-35S) promoter and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase gene (nos) terminator, which are widely incorporated in genetically modified (GM) crops, we designed two sets of RPA primers and established a real-time RPA detection method for GM crop screening and detection. This method could reliably detect as few as 100 copies of the target molecule in a sample within 15–25 min. Furthermore, the real-time RPA detection method was successfully used to amplify and detect DNA from samples of four major GM crops (maize, rice, cotton, and soybean). With this novel amplification method, the test time was significantly shortened and the reaction process was simplified; thus, this method represents an effective approach to the rapid detection of GM crops.
Human simulated intelligence motion control for a three-link acrobot

A swing-up controller based on human simulated intelligence control theory is designed for three-link acrobot. According to the analysis of athletes' motion, swing-up process is divided by six sequence phases. We describe the six sequence phase by sensory-motor intelligence schema and design Bang-Bang and PD controller for every phase. With the controller, the acrobot can swing up quickly and smoothly. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Risk factors for intraoperative massive transfusion in pediatric liver transplantation: a multivariate analysis

Background: Pediatric liver transplantation (LT) is strongly associated with increased intraoperative blood transfusion requirement and postoperative morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we aimed to assess the risk factors associated with massive transfusion in pediatric LT, and examined the effect of massive transfusion on the postoperative outcomes. Methods: We enrolled pediatric patients who underwent LT between December 1994 and June 2015. Massive transfusion was defined as the administration of red blood cells ≥100% of the total blood volume during LT. The cases of pediatric LT were assigned to the massive transfusion or no-massive transfusion (administration of red blood cells <100% of the total blood volume during LT) group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with massive transfusion in pediatric LT. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, with the log rank test, was used to compare graft and patient survival within 6 months after pediatric LT between the 2 groups. Results: The total number of LT was 112 (45.0%) and 137 (55.0%) in the no-massive transfusion and massive transfusion groups, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high white blood cell (WBC) count, low platelet count, and cadaveric donors were significant predictive factors of massive transfusion during pediatric LT. The graft failure rate within 6 months in the massive transfusion group tended to be higher than that in the no-massive transfusion group (6.6% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.068). However, the patient mortality rate within 6 months did not differ significantly between the massive transfusion and no-massive transfusion groups (7.3% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.964). Conclusion: Massive transfusion during pediatric LT is significantly associated with a high WBC count, low platelet count, and cadaveric donor. This finding can provide a better understanding of perioperative blood transfusion management in pediatric LT recipients.
Non‐gravitational heating in the hierarchical formation of X‐ray clusters

The strong deviation in the properties of X-ray clusters from simple scaling laws highlights the importance of non-gravitational heating and cooling processes in the evolution of protocluster gas. We investigate this from two directions: by finding the amount of ‘excess energy’ required in intracluster gas in order to reproduce the observed X-ray cluster properties, and by studying the excess energies obtained from supernovae in a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. Using the insights obtained from the model, we then critically discuss possible ways of achieving the high excess specific energies required in clusters. These include heating by supernovae and active galactic nuclei, the role of entropy, and the effect of removing gas through radiative cooling. Our model self-consistently follows the production of excess energy and its effect on gas haloes. Excess energy is retained in the gas as gravitational, kinetic and/or thermal energy. The density profile of a gas halo is then selected according to the total energy of the gas. Our principal assumption is that in the absence of non-gravitational processes, the total energy of the gas scales as the gravitational energy of the virialized halo – a self-similar scaling law motivated by hydrodynamic simulations. This relation is normalized by matching the model to the largest observed clusters. We model the gas distributions in haloes by using a two-parameter family of gas profiles. In order to study the sensitivity of results to the model, we investigate four contrasting ways of modifying gas profiles in the presence of excess energy. In addition, we estimate the minimum excess energy required in a fiducial cluster of around 2 keV in temperature by considering all available gas profiles. We conclude that the excess energies required lie roughly in the range 1–3 keV particle−1. The observed metallicities of cluster gas suggest that it may be possible for supernovae to provide all of the required excess energy. However, we argue that this scenario is only marginally acceptable and would lead to highly contrived models of galaxy formation. On the other hand, more than enough energy may be available from active galactic nuclei.
Optimal calibration estimators in survey sampling

We show that the model-calibration estimator for the finite population mean, which was proposed by Wu & Sitter (2001) through an intuitive argument, is optimal among a class of calibration estimators. We also present optimal calibration estimators for the finite population distribution function, the population variance, the variance of a linear estimator and other quadratic finite population functions under a unified framework. The proposed calibration estimators are optimal under the true model but remain design consistent even if the working model is misspecified. A limited simulation study shows that the improvement of these optimal estimators over the conventional ones can be substantial. The question of when and how auxiliary information can be used for both the estimation of the population mean using a generalised regression estimator and the estimation of its variance through calibration is addressed clearly under the proposed general methodology. Some fundamental issues in using auxiliary information from survey data are also addressed in the context of optimal estimation. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2003, Oxford University Press.
Reconceptualizing Cultivation: Implications for Testing Relationships Between Fiction Exposure and Self-Reported Alcohol Use Evaluations

ABSTRACT This article responds to calls for conceptual clarification in the media effects domain by providing a definition for attitudinal cultivation effects. Our definition contains 5 core characteristics: the (a) linear effects of (b) repeated media exposure on (c) the evaluation as given by memory associations (d) strengthened by and (e) valenced in line with those media messages. We reason that, when accepting this definition, the cultivation hypothesis predicts effects of repeated media use on evaluations to primarily occur at the level of gut evaluations given by automatically activated memory associations. Corroborating this logic for the effects of alcohol use portrayals in television fiction, we find the relationship between fiction exposure and self-reported alcohol use evaluations to be (a) moderated by speed of expressing those evaluations and (b) mediated by responses to self-reports tapping into gut feelings. The implications of these findings for future media effects studies are discussed.
What’s in the Gift? Towards a Molecular Dissection of Nuptial Feeding in a Cricket

Nuptial gifts produced by males and transferred to females during copulation are common in insects. Yet, their precise composition and subsequent physiological effects on the female recipient remain unresolved. Male decorated crickets Gryllodes sigillatus transfer a spermatophore to the female during copulation that is composed of an edible gift, the spermatophylax, and the ampulla that contains the ejaculate. After transfer of the spermatophore, the female detaches the spermatophylax and starts to eat it while sperm from the ampulla are evacuated into the female reproductive tract. When the female has finished consuming the spermatophylax, she detaches the ampulla and terminates sperm transfer. Hence, one simple function of the spermatophylax is to ensure complete sperm transfer by distracting the female from prematurely removing the ampulla. However, the majority of orally active components of the spermatophylax itself and their subsequent effects on female behavior have not been identified. Here, we report the first analysis of the proteome of the G. sigillatus spermatophylax and the transcriptome of the male accessory glands that make these proteins. The accessory gland transcriptome was assembled into 17,691 transcripts whilst about 30 proteins were detected within the mature spermatophylax itself. Of these 30 proteins, 18 were encoded by accessory gland encoded messages. Most spermatophylax proteins show no similarity to proteins with known biological functions and are therefore largely novel. A spermatophylax protein shows similarity to protease inhibitors suggesting that it may protect the biologically active components from digestion within the gut of the female recipient. Another protein shares similarity with previously characterized insect polypeptide growth factors suggesting that it may play a role in altering female reproductive physiology concurrent with fertilization. Characterization of the spermatophylax proteome provides the first step in identifying the genes encoding these proteins in males and in understanding their biological functions in the female recipient.
Shape and Compliance of Endothelial Cells after Shear Stress In Vitro or from Different Aortic Regions: Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Study

Objective To measure the elongation and compliance of endothelial cells subjected to different patterns of shear stress in vitro, and to compare these parameters with the elongation and compliance of endothelial cells from different regions of the intact aorta. Materials and Methods Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured for 6 days under static conditions or on an orbital shaker. The shaker generated a wave of medium, inducing pulsatile shear stress with a preferred orientation at the edge of the well or steadier shear stress with changing orientation at its centre. The topography and compliance of these cells and cells from the inner and outer curvature of ex vivo porcine aortic arches were measured by scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). Results Cells cultured under oriented shear stress were more elongated and less compliant than cells grown under static conditions or under shear stress with no preferred orientation. Cells from the outer curvature of the aorta were more elongated and less compliant than cells from the inner curvature. Conclusion The elongation and compliance of cultured endothelial cells vary according to the pattern of applied shear stress, and are inversely correlated. A similar inverse correlation occurs in the aortic arch, with variation between regions thought to experience different haemodynamic stresses.
Understanding the changing Intangible Cultural Heritage in tourism commodification: the music players’ perspective from Lijiang, China

ABSTRACT While Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) emerges as a new topic in the fields of heritage studies and tourism studies, the changeability of ICH in tourism commodification is still under-researched. The tension between protection and commodification of ICH is intensified when ICH is regarded as a heritage to protect and a resource for commodification, such as in the case of China. With a musical ICH element in Lijiang, China as the case, this paper applies a Critical Heritage Studies approach to investigate the values and components of ICH from the perspective of the music players. From both the diachronic and synchronic dimensions, the research shows that the players construct the values of their ICH in a subject, diverse and dynamic process. The less- and the more-commodified forms of performance are not clearly differentiated; rather, they are regarded as equally important to realise players’ dynamic and subjective needs. Provided practitioners can engage with their ICH freely, commodification can be seen as an indispensable form of the ICH-making process. This paper aims to reveal the dynamism of ICH, to rethink the commodification of ICH, and to rethink the relationship between the commodification and the making of ICH from a critical approach.
Engagement-aware computing: modelling user engagement from mobile contexts

In this paper, we examine the potential of using mobile context to model user engagement. Taking an experimental approach, we systematically explore the dynamics of user engagement with a smartphone through three different studies. Specifically, to understand the feasibility of detecting user engagement from mobile context, we first assess an EEG artifact with 10 users and observe a strong correlation between automatically detected engagement scores and user's subjective perception of engagement. Grounded on this result, we model a set of application level features derived from smartphone usage of 10 users to detect engagement of a usage session using a Random Forest classifier. Finally, we apply this model to train a variety of contextual factors acquired from smartphone usage logs of 130 users to predict user engagement using an SVM classifier with a F1-Score of 0.82. Our experimental results highlight the potential of mobile contexts in designing engagement-aware applications and provide guidance to future explorations.
Laparoscopic and natural orifice transluminal restorative proctocolectomy: no abdominal incision for specimen extraction or ileostomy

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy (LRPC) without additional abdominal incisions. Two sisters with familial adenomatous polyposis were enrolled. The colon and rectum were mobilized entirely through the five abdominal trocars. The terminal ileum and distal rectum were transected with endoscopic staplers. The entire colorectal specimen was extracted transanally. A circular stapler anvil was introduced transanally. The J-pouch was created intracorporeally. The rectal stump was re-closed and a pouch-anal anastomosis was created using a circular stapler. We used a transanal tube for decompression of the pouch instead of a diverting ileostomy. The patients were discharged on the 10th and 12th days uneventfully. Both were doing well with their pouches after 18.5 and 12.1 months of follow-up. With the help of transanal specimen extraction and transanal tube decompression, additional abdominal incisions can be avoided following LRPC.
ON THE OPTIMAL CONTROL OF POLYNOMIAL DYNAMICAL

This paper describes how a polynomial equationnal approach of the theory of logic discrete event systems leads to eecient algorithms for the synthesis of supervisory controllers. Even if traditional control objectives can be considered in our framework (invariance, reachability or attractivity), we address here the synthesis of optimal controller with control objectives speciied as a minimization of a given cost function over the states through the trajectories of the system.
What Motivates Common Pool Resource Users? Experimental Evidence from the Field

This paper develops and tests several models of pure Nash strategies of individuals who extract from a common pool resource when they are motivated by a combination of self-interest and other motivations such as altruism, reciprocity, inequity aversion and conformism. We test whether an econometric summary of subjects’ strategies is consistent with one of these motivations using data from a series of common pool resource experiments conducted in three regions of Colombia. As expected, average extraction levels are less than that predicted by a model of pure self-interest, but are nevertheless sub-optimal. Moreover, we find that a model of conformism with monotonically increasing best response functions best describes average strategies. Our empirical results are inconsistent with models of altruism, reciprocity and inequity aversion.
Dynamic Coordination and Learning

This paper examines the interplay of informational and payoff externalities in a two-player strategic investment game. Each players learns about the quality of a new technology by observing a private signal and the action of his opponent, and has the option of irreversibly adopting it. I characterize the set of equilibrium payoffs in the timing game in which there is second-mover advantage and weak benefit from coordinating. All symmetric equilibria are in mixed-strategy and involve late adoption. In contrast with the case pure informational externalities, players may invest at the same time: in the best symmetric equilibrium they first attempt to coordinate by simultaneously adopting the new technology and then randomize over investment time. In the unique non-atomic equilibrium, the introduction of payoff externalities enriches the learning dynamics, compared to existing models. For a fixed learning rate, if the payoff from preempting are significantly lower than the outcome from coordinating or being the second to invest, learning is never complete. In the extreme case in which there are no payoff externalities, learning halts over the investment period, as shown by Murto and Välimäki (2011).
Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of cisplatin for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of cisplatin for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. METHODS We retrospectively examined the data of 84 consecutive patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of cisplatin. Cisplatin was administered at the dose of 65 mg/m(2) into the feeding artery of the hepatocellular carcinoma. The treatment was repeated every 4-6 weeks, until the appearance of evidence of tumor progression or of unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS Of the 84 patients, one patient (1.2%) showed complete response and two patients (2.4%) showed partial response, representing an overall response rate of 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.7-10.1). Of the remaining, 38 patients (45.2%) showed stable disease and 41 (48.8%) showed progressive disease. The median overall survival, 1-year survival rate and median progression-free survival in the entire subject population were 7.1 months, 27% and 1.7 months, respectively. Major Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included thrombocytopenia in 12 patients (14%) and elevation of the serum aspartate aminotransferase in 33 patients (39%). The gastrointestinal toxicities were mild and reversible. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of cisplatin appears to have only modest activity, although the toxicity was also only mild, in patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma.
Biological Criteria for Buffer Zones around Wetlands and Riparian Habitats for Amphibians and Reptiles

Abstract: Terrestrial habitats surrounding wetlands are critical to the management of natural resources. Although the protection of water resources from human activities such as agriculture, silviculture, and urban development is obvious, it is also apparent that terrestrial areas surrounding wetlands are core habitats for many semiaquatic species that depend on mesic ecotones to complete their life cycle. For purposes of conservation and management, it is important to define core habitats used by local breeding populations surrounding wetlands. Our objective was to provide an estimate of the biologically relevant size of core habitats surrounding wetlands for amphibians and reptiles. We summarize data from the literature on the use of terrestrial habitats by amphibians and reptiles associated with wetlands ( 19 frog and 13 salamander species representing 1363 individuals; 5 snake and 28 turtle species representing more than 2245 individuals ). Core terrestrial habitat ranged from 159 to 290 m for amphibians and from 127 to 289 m for reptiles from the edge of the aquatic site. Data from these studies also indicated the importance of terrestrial habitats for feeding, overwintering, and nesting, and, thus, the biological interdependence between aquatic and terrestrial habitats that is essential for the persistence of populations. The minimum and maximum values for core habitats, depending on the level of protection needed, can be used to set biologically meaningful buffers for wetland and riparian habitats. These results indicate that large areas of terrestrial habitat surrounding wetlands are critical for maintaining biodiversity.