Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comorbid Externalising Behaviour in AD/HD: Evidence for a Distinct Pathological Entity in Adolescence

While the profiling of subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) have been the subject of considerable scrutiny, both psychometrically and psychophysiologically, little attention has been paid to the effect of diagnoses comorbid with AD/HD on such profiles. This is despite the greater than 80% prevalence of comorbidity under the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic definitions. Here we investigate the event related potential (ERP) and psychometric profiles of Controls, AD/HD, and comorbid AD/HD (particularly AD/HD+ODD/CD) groups on six neurocognitive tasks thought to probe the constructs of selective and sustained attention, response inhibition and executive function. Data from 29 parameters extracted from a child group (age range 6 to 12; 52 Controls and 64 AD/HD) and from an adolescent group (age range 13 to 17; 79 Controls and 88 AD/HD) were reduced via a Principal Components Analysis, the 6 significant eigenvectors then used as determinants of cluster membership via a Two-Step Cluster Analysis. Two clusters were found in the analysis of the adolescent age group - a cluster dominated by Control and AD/HD participants without comorbidity, while the second cluster was dominated by AD/HD participants with externalising comorbidity (largely oppositional defiant/conduct disorder ODD/CD). A similar segregation within the child age group was not found. Further analysis of these objectively determined clusters in terms of their clinical diagnoses indicates a significant effect of ODD/CD comorbidity on a concurrent AD/HD diagnosis. We conclude that comorbid externalising behaviour in AD/HD constitutes a distinct pathological entity in adolescence.
Potent inhibition of store‐operated Ca2+ influx and superoxide production in HL60 cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils by the pyrazole derivative BTP2

Store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a key regulator in the activation of leukocytes. 3,5‐Bistrifluoromethyl pyrazole (BTP) derivatives have been identified recently as inhibitors of T lymphocyte activation. The inhibitory effect of one of these compounds, N‐(4‐[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]phenyl)‐4‐methyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole‐5‐carboxamide (BTP2), appears to be a result of inhibition of SOC influx. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils provide effective protection against bacterial infection, but they are also involved in tissue damage during chronic inflammation. As for T lymphocytes, their activation relies on SOCE. We therefore investigated the effect of BTP2 on calcium homeostasis and functional responses of human neutrophils. BTP2 significantly inhibited the calcium influx after stimulation with thapsigargin or fMLF. This inhibition was seen after 5 min of incubation with 10 μM BTP2 and after 24 h with lower concentrations. With 24 h incubation, the effect appeared irreversible, as the removal of BTP2 3 h before the experiment did not reduce this inhibition in granulocyte‐differentiated HL60 cells. In human neutrophils, BTP2 reduced superoxide anion production by 82% after 24 h of incubation. On the contrary, phagocytosis, intraphagosomal radical production, and bacterial killing by neutrophils were not reduced significantly, even after 24 h treatment with 10 μM BTP2. This work suggests that BTP2 could become an important tool to characterize calcium signaling in neutrophils. Furthermore, BTP2 or related compounds could constitute a new approach to the down‐regulation of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory disease without compromising antibacterial host defense.
Novel peptides that inhibit heparanase activation of the coagulation system

Summary Heparanase is implicated in cell invasion, tumour metastasis and angiogenesis. It forms a complex and enhances the activity of the blood coagulation initiator – tissue factor (TF). We describe new peptides derived from the solvent accessible surface of TF pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) that inhibit the heparanase procoagulant activity. Peptides were evaluated in vitro by measuring activated coagulation factor X levels and co-immunoprecipitation. Heparanase protein and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were injected intra-peritoneally and inhibitory peptides were injected subcutaneously in mouse models. Plasma was analysed by ELISA for thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer as markers of coagulation activation, and interleukin 6 as marker of sepsis severity. Peptides 5, 6, 7, 21 and 22, at the length of 11–14 amino acids, inhibited heparanase procoagulant activity but did not affect TF activity. Injection of newly identified peptides 5, 6 and 7 significantly decreased or abolished TAT plasma levels when heparanase or LPS were pre-injected, and inhibited clot formation in an inferior vena cava thrombosis model. To conclude, the solvent accessible surface of TFPI-2 first Kunitz domain is involved in TF/heparanase complex inhibition. The newly identified peptides potentially attenuate activation of the coagulation system induced by heparanase or LPS without predisposing to significant bleeding tendency.
Understanding the persistence of sea surface temperature anomalies in midlatitudes

An extension of the simple stochastic climate model of Frankignoul and Hasselman that includes the effects of seasonal variations in upper-ocean mixed layer depth upon the persistence of winter sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is proposed. Seasonal variations in mixed layer depth allow for the ‘‘reemergence mechanism,’’ whereby thermal anomalies stored in the deep winter mixed layer persist at depth through summer and become partially reentrained into the mixed layer during the following winter. In this way, SST anomalies can recur from winter to winter without persisting through the intervening summer. Reformulating the simple stochastic climate model in terms of an effective ocean thermal capacity given by the depth of the winter mixed layer, thereby implicitly taking into account reemergence, is shown to provide a favorable fit to the observed winterto-winter SST autocorrelations in the North Atlantic and Pacific, and represents a considerable improvement over the original model. The extended model also compares favorably with results from an entraining bulk ocean mixed layer model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. The authors propose that the extended model be adopted as the new ‘‘null hypothesis’’ for interannual SST variability in middle and high latitudes.
Observations of XCO 2 and XCH 4 with ground-based high-resolution FTS at Saga, Japan, and comparisons with GOSAT products

Abstract. Solar absorption spectra in the near-infrared region have been continuously acquired with a ground-based (g-b) high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at Saga, Japan, since July 2011. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases were retrieved from the measured spectra for the period from July 2011 to December 2014. Aircraft measurements of CO2 and CH4 for calibrating the g-b FTS data were performed in January 2012 and 2013, and it is found that the g-b FTS and aircraft data agree to within ± 0.2 %. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4) show increasing trends, with average growth rates of 2.3 and 9.5 ppb yr−1, respectively, during the ∼ 3.5 yr of observation. We compared the g-b FTS XCO2 and XCH4 data with those derived from backscattered solar spectra in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) region measured with Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT): NIES SWIR Level 2 products (versions 02.xx). Average differences between TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS data (TANSO-FTS minus g-b FTS) are 0.40 ± 2.51 and −7.6 ± 13.7 ppb for XCO2 and XCH4, respectively. Using aerosol information measured with a sky radiometer at Saga, we found that the differences between the TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS XCO2 data are moderately negatively correlated with aerosol optical thickness and do not depend explicitly on aerosol size. In addition, from several aerosol profiles measured with lidar located right by the g-b FTS, we were able to show that the presence of cirrus clouds tends to cause an overestimation in the TANSO-FTS XCO2 retrieval, while high aerosol loading in the lower troposphere tends to cause an underestimation.
Blast wave induced flows in semicircular canals

Dynamics of endolymph and cupula in a semicircular canal subject to high frequency oscillations imposed on the endolymph at the open section of the canal is investigated. Deformation of cupula inside the endolymph fluid is simulated numerically.A high frequency and high amplitude periodic oscillations may result in the formation of vortical motions inside the semicircular canals. The number of vortices increases with the oscillation frequency. As a result of asymmetry of the canal geometry, there is an asymmetry in the pressure variation across the cupula resulting in a net motion of cupula in a specific direction during each cycle. The motion of the cupula depends on the vibration amplitude and frequency.
Time course of biochemical, physiological, and molecular responses to field-mimicked conditions of drought, salinity, and recovery in two maize lines

Drought and salinity stresses will have a high impact on future crop productivity, due to climate change and the increased competition for land, water, and energy. The response to drought (WS), salinity (SS), and the combined stresses (WS+SS) was monitored in two maize lines: the inbred B73 and an F1 commercial stress-tolerant hybrid. A protocol mimicking field progressive stress conditions was developed and its effect on plant growth analyzed at different time points. The results indicated that the stresses limited growth in the hybrid and arrested it in the inbred line. In SS, the two genotypes had different ion accumulation and translocation capacity, particularly for Na+ and Cl−. Moreover, the hybrid perceived the stress, reduced all the analyzed physiological parameters, and kept them reduced until the recovery. B73 decreased all physiological parameters more gradually, being affected mainly by SS. Both lines recovered better from WS than the other stresses. Molecular analysis revealed a diverse modulation of some stress markers in the two genotypes, reflecting their different response to stresses. Combining biochemical and physiological data with expression analyses yielded insight into the mechanisms regulating the different stress tolerance of the two lines.
No improvement in median survival for patients with metastatic gastric cancer despite increased use of chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer often presents in a metastasized stage. We conducted a population-based study to evaluate trends in systemic treatment and survival of metastatic noncardia gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients with noncardia adenocarcinoma of the stomach, diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry area in the Netherlands were included (N = 4797). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate trends in administration of palliative chemotherapy and multivariable proportional hazards regression analyses to evaluate trends in crude overall survival. RESULTS The proportion of patients presenting with metastatic gastric cancer increased from 24% in 1990 to 44% in 2011 (P < 0.0001). The use of palliative chemotherapy increased, from 5% in 1990 to 36% in 2011, with a strong increase in particular after 2006 (P < 0.0001). Younger patients [<50 years: adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 3.9, P < 0.001; 50-59 years: ORadj 1.7, P = 0.01] and patients with a high socioeconomic status (ORadj 1.7, P = 0.01) more often received chemotherapy. In contrast, older patients (70-79 years: ORadj 0.3, P < 0.001; 80+ years: ORadj 0.02, P < 0.001), patients with comorbidity (ORadj 0.6, P = 0.03), linitis plastica (ORadj 0.5, P = 0.03) and multiple distant metastases (ORadj 0.5, P = 0.01) were less often treated with chemotherapy. A large hospital variation was observed in the administration of palliative chemotherapy (9%-27%). Median overall survival remained constant between 15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.9-17.7] and 17 (95% CI 15.0-20.0) weeks (P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS The increased administration of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic gastric cancer did not lead to an increase in population-based overall survival. Identification of the subgroup of patients which benefits from palliative chemotherapy is of utmost importance to avoid unnecessary treatment.
Spreadsheet guardian: An approach to protecting semantic correctness throughout the evolution of spreadsheets

Spreadsheets are powerful tools that play a business‐critical role in many organizations. However, many bad decisions taken due to faulty spreadsheets show that these tools need serious quality assurance. Furthermore, while collaboration on spreadsheets for maintenance tasks is common, there has been almost no support for ensuring that the spreadsheets remain correct during this process.
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Sun Protective and Moisturizing Effects of Nanoliposomes Containing Safranal

Objective(s) The objective of this study was to prepare, characterize and evaluate the nanoliposomes containing safranal as a natural sunscreen and moisturizer factor. Materials and Methods The experimental formulations included homosalate reference, nanoliposomes containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% safranal and empty liposomes. The liposomes were prepared using fusion method and homogenization. Homosalate reference was prepared according to FDA standard. Sun protection factors (SPF) of the formulations were determined by two in vitro methods; diluted solution transmittance method and transpore tape method. Studies of in vitro penetration of the formulations across mouse skin were carried out with diffusion cells. The percentage of safranal penetrated and retained in the skin was determined for the formulations up to 24 hr. The amount of the moisture contents of the skin before application and after 30-minute, 1, 3 and 5 hr post-application of the formulations were measured in human volunteers using Corneometer. Results The results indicated that, the SPF of liposomes containing 8% safranal (Lip-Safranal 8%) was significantly higher than 8% homosalate reference. The proportion of Lip-Safranal 1% that penetrated the skin was low. There was no significant difference between the skin moisture contents after application of Lip-Safranal 1 and 4% and empty liposomes during the 7 hr post-application period. Conclusion These results showed that in equal concentrations, Lip-Safranal could act as a better antisolar agent compared to homosalate and have no moisturizing effect in 1 and 4% concentrations.
Survey of Solenopsis Fire Ants and Their Parasitoid Flies (Diptera: Phoridae: Pseudacteon) in Central Chile and Central Western Argentina

Abstract Twenty-two species of Pseudacteon flies (Diptera: Phoridae) are known to attack fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, but none are known in Chile. Surveys were conducted in central Chile and at similar latitudes in western Argentina to detect the presence of fire ants and parasitoid flies and to determine their relationship. Flies and fire ants were much more common and abundant in Argentina. In total, 100 colonies of four fire ant species were found at 63.6% of the sites surveyed. In contrast, only six colonies of one species, Solenopsis gayi (Spinola), were found at 4.7% of the sites surveyed in Chile. Our survey includes the first record of five parasitic fly species in central western Argentina and a new host, Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel. The large form of Pseudacteon obtusus Borgmeier was found attacking S. gayi in Chile, which is the first record in that country, and the first record on this host species. The southern-most and western-most records were established for fire ant-decapitating flies. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicates that S. gayi is genetically closer to the Argentine fire ants (saevissima-group) than the North American S. geminata-group. However, S. gayi venom alkaloid composition is similar to S. geminata-group, whereas cuticular hydrocarbon composition has characteristics of both groups. Analysis of mtDNA from the collected flies supports the monophyly of P. obtusus and suggests that the Chilean population is similar to populations in eastern Argentina. The presence of P. obtusus in Chile could be explained by immigrant parasitized fire ant species from Argentina or by an accidental introduction.
Introduction to Liquid Crystals

1 What is a liquid crystal 2 1.1 Nematics . 3 1.2 Cholesterics . 4 1.3 Smectics . 5 1.4 Columnar phases . 6 1.5 Lyotropic liquid crystals . 7
Molecular Genetics of Non-Syndromic Cleft Palate and Van Der Woude Syndrome

(2001) Genetic heterogeneity and exclusion of a modifying locus at 17p11.2-p11.1 in Finnish families with van der Woude syndrome. (2001) Mapping of the second locus for the Van der Woude syndrome to chromosome 1p34. (2003) Collagen XI sequence variations in nonsyndromic cleft palate, Robin sequence and micrognathia. (2003) Linkage and linkage disequilibrium searched between non-syndromic cleft palate and four candidate loci. A genomewide scan of non-syndromic cleft palate only in Finnish multiplex families. Submitted. 5 ABBREVIATIONS bp base pair CATCH cardiac-abnormal facies-thymic hypoplasia-cleft palate-hypocalcemia cM centiMorgan CL cleft lip CP cleft palate CPH cleft of the hard palate CPS cleft of the soft palate CPO cleft palate only CPSM submucous cleft palate CL/P cleft lip with or without cleft palate del deletion dup duplication DNA deoxyribonucleic acid IBD identical by descent IBS identical by state IRF6 interferon regulatory factor 6 LD linkage disequilibrium LOD logarithm of odds Mb megabase MZ monozygous NPL non-parametric linkage analysis PCR polymerase chain reaction RS Robin sequence SNP single nucleotide polymorphism TDT transmission disequilibrium test TGFβ3 transforming growth factor beta3 VWS Van der Woude syndrome 6 ABSTRACT Background Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital malformations. The incidence of non-syndromic cleft palate only is ~1/1000 live births in Finland. The etiopathogenesis of clefts has been widely studied but is still poorly understood. It has been estimated that about half of the cases are nonsyndromic. Nonsyndromic cleft palate is considered to be a genetically complex, multifactorial disease. The aim of our research was to study genetic component influencing on non-syndromic CPO and Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), which is one of the most common cleft syndromes. We also wanted to study the role of collagens in Robin sequence (RS), which is a triad of cleft palate, micrognathia and glossoptosis.
Aerodynamic efficiency of a bioinspired flapping wing rotor at low Reynolds number

This study investigates the aerodynamic efficiency of a bioinspired flapping wing rotor kinematics which combines an active vertical flapping motion and a passive horizontal rotation induced by aerodynamic thrust. The aerodynamic efficiencies for producing both vertical lift and horizontal thrust of the wing are obtained using a quasi-steady aerodynamic model and two-dimensional (2D) CFD analysis at Reynolds number of 2500. The calculated efficiency data show that both efficiencies (propulsive efficiency-ηp, and efficiency for producing lift-Pf) of the wing are optimized at Strouhal number (St) between 0.1 and 0.5 for a range of wing pitch angles (upstroke angle of attack αu less than 45°); the St for high Pf (St = 0.1 ∼ 0.3) is generally lower than for high ηp (St = 0.2 ∼ 0.5), while the St for equilibrium rotation states lies between the two. Further systematic calculations show that the natural equilibrium of the passive rotating wing automatically converges to high-efficiency states: above 85% of maximum Pf can be obtained for a wide range of prescribed wing kinematics. This study provides insight into the aerodynamic efficiency of biological flyers in cruising flight, as well as practical applications for micro air vehicle design.
Iridescent hindwing patches in the Pipevine Swallowtail: differences in dorsal and ventral surfaces relate to signal function and context

Summary 1. Iridescent colour signals are directional but, like diffusely reflected colours, vary within and among species in ways that may be adaptations to specific types of receivers in specific light environments. 2. The hindwings of pipevine swallowtail butterflies exhibit brilliant blue and iridescent colour patches on the ventral surface in both sexes and on the dorsal wing surface in males. Evidence suggests that the ventral iridescent blue is a component of the warning coloration of this distasteful species, while the dorsal blue iridescent wing area is a sexual signal. Given differences in the function and ecological context of signal production, we analysed reflectance spectra from the iridescent blue areas of both field-caught and laboratory-reared animals to test several predictions about the iridescent colour patches on these wing surfaces. 3. The ventral blue patches in the warning coloration of males and females should be most visible early and late in the day, due to wing orientation relative to sun angle. We therefore predicted that these iridescent colour patches would be brighter and of longer wavelengths than the male dorsal blue patch displayed during midday courtships. The prediction about reflectance intensity was supported but the prediction about hue was not. 4. We predicted that the sexually selected dorsal hindwing iridescence of males would be more variable among individuals and condition dependent than the naturally selected ventral iridescent colour patches. To assess variation and condition dependence, laboratory-reared and field-captured individuals were compared. The prediction about variation was not supported, but only the dorsal wing surfaces showed evidence of being condition dependent. 5. We investigated whether development of dorsal and ventral blue iridescence was coupled by determining correlations in colour properties between the wing surfaces. Our finding of positive correlations indicated a potential developmental constraint in the evolution of colour differences between the two wing surfaces. 6. Results of this study suggest that some properties of iridescent coloration on the hindwing of the pipevine swallowtail (especially intensity) may have been fine-tuned by evolution in response to prevailing ambient light conditions and viewing perspectives that differ among types of signal receivers.
The Reemergence of SST Anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean

Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) data and two different upper-ocean temperature analyses are used to study the winter-to-winter recurrence of SST anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean. The SSTs recur when temperature anomalies that form in the deep ocean mixed layer in late winter/early spring are isolated from the atmosphere in the summer seasonal thermocline and then reemerge at the surface when the mixed layer deepens during the following fall/winter. This “reemergence mechanism” is evaluated over the basin by correlating the time series of the leading pattern of ocean temperature anomalies in the summer seasonal thermocline (∼60–85 m in August–September) with SST anomalies over the course of the year. The results indicate that the dominant large-scale SST anomaly pattern that forms in the North Pacific during late winter, with anomalies of one sign in the central Pacific and the opposite sign along the coast of North America, is sequestered in the seasonal thermocline in summer and returns to the.