Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Work-Efficient Parallel GPU Methods for Single-Source Shortest Paths

Finding the shortest paths from a single source to all other vertices is a fundamental method used in a variety of higher-level graph algorithms. We present three parallel friendly and work-efficient methods to solve this Single-Source Shortest Paths (SSSP) problem: Work front Sweep, Near-Far and Bucketing. These methods choose different approaches to balance the trade off between saving work and organizational overhead. In practice, all of these methods do much less work than traditional Bellman-Ford methods, while adding only a modest amount of extra work over serial methods. These methods are designed to have a sufficient parallel workload to fill modern massively-parallel machines, and select reorganizational schemes that map well to these architectures. We show that in general our Near-Far method has the highest performance on modern GPUs, outperforming other parallel methods. We also explore a variety of parallel load-balanced graph traversal strategies and apply them towards our SSSP solver. Our work-saving methods always outperform a traditional GPU Bellman-Ford implementation, achieving rates up to 14x higher on low-degree graphs and 340x higher on scale free graphs. We also see significant speedups (20-60x) when compared against a serial implementation on graphs with adequately high degree.
Volunteers Serving Victims of Sexual Assault

Rape crisis volunteers who provide direct-care services to victims of sexual assault are a much-understudied group. Volunteers provide a crucial role in support of nonprofit rape crisis centers, and factors influencing their continued service are an important consideration for decision makers. In the present study, the authors examined—among volunteers providing hospital and crisis-line advocacy to victims of sexual assault—the training, service self-efficacy, social support, and experiences with victim blaming as correlates with overall satisfaction, affective commitment, and the intent to remain. Overall satisfaction and affective commitment were positively related to the intent to stay. Additionally, the perceived value of training was positively related to overall satisfaction and the intent to remain.
Patterns of Neuropsychological Profile and Cortical Thinning in Parkinson’s Disease with Punding

Background Punding, one of dopamine replacement treatment related complications, refers to aimless and stereotyped behaviors. To identify possible neural correlates of punding behavior in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), we investigated the patterns of cognitive profiles and cortical thinning. Methods Of the 186 subjects with PD screened during the study period, we prospectively enrolled 10 PD patients with punding and 43 without punding on the basis of a structured interview. We performed comprehensive neuropsychological tests and voxel-based and regions-of-interest (ROIs)-based cortical thickness analysis between PD patients with and without punding. Results The prevalence of punding in patients with PD was 5.4%. Punding behaviors were closely related to previous occupations or hobbies and showed a temporal relationship to changes of levodopa-equivalent dose (LED). Significant predisposing factors were a long duration of PD and intake of medications of PD, high total daily LED, dyskinesia, and impulse control disorder. Punding severity was correlated with LED (p = 0.029). The neurocognitive assessment revealed that PD patients with punding showed more severe cognitive deficits in the color Stroop task than did those without punding (p = 0.022). Voxel-based analysis showed that PD-punders had significant cortical thinning in the dorsolateral prefrontal area relative to controls. Additionally, ROI-based analysis revealed that cortical thinning in PD-punders relative to PD-nonpunders was localized in the prefrontal cortices, extending into orbitofrontal area. Conclusions We demonstrated that PD patients with punding performed poorly on cognitive tasks in frontal executive functions and showed severe cortical thinning in the dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal areas. These findings suggest that prefrontal modulation may be an essential component in the development of punding behavior in patients with PD.
Repeat kidney biopsies fail to detect differences between azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis: data from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial.

BACKGROUND In the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial, azathioprine (AZA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were compared as maintenance immunosuppressive treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) after a short-course of intravenous cyclophosphamide. Here, we compare the pathological findings on repeat kidney biopsies between the two groups. METHODS Per protocol, repeat renal biopsies were obtained in 30 patients (16 AZA and 14 MMF) at 2 years (±6 months). Baseline and follow-up biopsies were graded according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathological Society (ISN/RPS) classification. The activity and chronicity indices (AI, CI) were calculated using two different semiquantitative scoring systems (Morel-Maroger and National Institutes of Health). Statistics were performed by non-parametric tests. RESULTS The clinical characteristics of the 30 re-biopsied patients only marginally differ from the entire MAINTAIN cohort (105 patients). Clinical baseline and follow-up characteristics of AZA- and MMF-treated re-biopsied patients did not differ. Time (SD) to repeat renal biopsy was 25.0 (2.0) and 26.5 (3.3) months in AZA and MMF patients, respectively. More patients had normal renal biopsies or Classes I/II/V LN at follow-up compared to baseline and conversely, less patients had Class IV LN at follow-up. In both groups, the AI statistically decreased at follow-up compared to baseline, while the CI slightly, but significantly, increased. No differences could be detected between the groups. CONCLUSION Centralized pathological analyses, including ISN/RPS classification and comparisons of AI/CI, failed to find differences between MMF and AZA at 2 years, a result well in line with the absence of difference in long-term clinical outcome reported elsewhere.
Anti-racism, deconstruction and ‘overdevelopment’

This paper explores the connections between colonialism and development in order to understand more clearly how discourses on North-South relations continue to be imbued with the imperial representations that preceded them. Beginning with a concern to examine how anti-racism can inform our understanding of the spaces of international development, the paper interrogates the colonial heritage of development studies and related disciplines and speculates on the possibility and necessity of disciplinary decolonization. Using the specific example of Portuguese imperial discourses of development in the 1950s and the 1960s, and the emergence of the heavily racialized ‘science’ of Lusotropicalism, the paper then examines the importance of deconstruction as a way of understanding the différance between colonialism and development in the Lusophone empire. The paper goes on to examine the particular example of postcolonial Mozambique, exploring the ways in which, between 1975 and 1988, Mozambicans struggled to acknowledge and deal with racism in postcolonial society, particularly in the context of Mozambique’s growing relationship with the World Bank in the mid-1980s. The paper concludes by suggesting that a more direct focus on ‘overdevelopment’ rather than just ‘underdevelopment’ may be one important (if neglected) way forward in ending the silences around ‘race’ and racism in development studies.
Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the Beijing Genotype Does Not Spread in Sweden

Background Drug resistant (DR) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is increasing worldwide. In some parts of the world 10% or more of new TB cases are MDR. The Beijing genotype is a distinct genetic lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is distributed worldwide, and has caused large outbreaks of MDR-TB. It has been proposed that certain lineages of M. tuberculosis, such as the Beijing lineage, may have specific adaptive advantages. We have investigated the presence and transmission of DR Beijing strains in the Swedish population. Methodology/Principal Findings All DR M. tuberculosis complex isolates between 1994 and 2008 were studied. Isolates that were of Beijing genotype were investigated for specific resistance mutations and phylogenetic markers. Seventy (13%) of 536 DR strains were of Beijing genotype. The majority of the patients with Beijing strains were foreign born, and their country of origin reflects the countries where the Beijing genotype is most prevalent. Multidrug-resistance was significantly more common in Beijing strains than in non-Beijing strains. There was a correlation between the Beijing genotype and specific resistance mutations in the katG gene, the mabA-inhA-promotor and the rpoB gene. By a combined use of RD deletions, spoligotyping, IS1547, mutT gene polymorphism and Rv3135 gene analysis the Beijing strains could be divided into 11 genomic sublineages. Of the patients with Beijing strains 28 (41%) were found in altogether 10 clusters (2–5 per cluster), as defined by RFLP IS6110, while 52% of the patients with non-Beijing strains were in clusters. By 24 loci MIRU-VNTR 31 (45%) of the patients with Beijing strains were found in altogether 7 clusters (2–11 per cluster). Contact tracing established possible epidemiological linkage between only two patients with Beijing strains. Conclusions/Significance Although extensive outbreaks with non-Beijing TB strains have occurred in Sweden, Beijing strains have not taken hold, in spite of the proximity to high prevalence countries such as Russia and the Baltic countries. The Beijing sublineages so far introduced in Sweden may not be adapted to spread in the Scandinavian population.
The Stanford GraphBase - a platform for combinatorial computing

Part 1: overview - Words, Roget, Books, Econ, Games, Miles, Plane, Lisa, Raman, Gates, Rand, Basic, Save technicalities - representation of Graphs, Words, Roget, Books, Econ, Games, Miles, Plane installation and use - how to obtain the files, installing CWEB, installing the graphbase, makefile details, troubleshooting, running the demos, storage considerations, running your own programs how to read CWEB programs - programs of the Stanford GraphBase, ASSIGN_LISA, BOOK_COMPONENTS, ECON_ORDER, FOOTBALL, GB_BASIC, GB_BOOKS, GB_DIJK, GB_ECON, GB_FLIP, GB_GAMES, GB_GATES, GB_GRAPH, GB_IO, GB_LISA, GB_MILES, GB_PLANE, GB_RAMAN, GB_RAND, GB_ROGET, GB_SAVE, GB_SORT, GB_WORDS, GIRTH, LADDERS, MILES_SPAN, MULTIPLY, QUEEN, ROGET_COMPONENTS, TAKE_RISC, TEST_SAMPLE, WORD_COMPONENTS, index to all the programs. Appendices: error codes summary of function calls - generators, nongenerators example graph parameters - undirected graphs, directed graphs 300 five-letter words.
Middle School Students’ Attitudes Toward a Peer With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience peer conflict and social challenges, which likely relate to compounded characteristics of both the child with ASD and his or her peers. However, few studies have experimentally investigated these associations to inform prevention and intervention efforts. The present study used social networking blogs to examine how middle school students’ attitudes toward a fictional peer with ASD, Charlie, vary according to whether Charlie was (a) physically included with typically developing peers and (b) socially accepted. Participants expressed less favorable attitudes when Charlie was socially excluded by his peers, regardless of whether his peers had disabilities. More favorable attitudes were associated with participant popularity, previous exposure to ASD, younger age, and being female. Charlie’s ASD status was associated with more negative anticipated peer attitudes. These results indicate that facilitating positive, public social experiences of students with ASD may promote positive attitudes and social acceptance by peers.
A Nonlocal Weighted Joint Sparse Representation Classification Method for Hyperspectral Imagery

As a powerful and promising statistical signal modeling technique, sparse representation has been widely used in various image processing and analysis fields. For hyperspectral image classification, previous studies have shown the effectiveness of the sparsity-based classification methods. In this paper, we propose a nonlocal weighted joint sparse representation classification (NLW-JSRC) method to improve the hyperspectral image classification result. In the joint sparsity model (JSM), different weights are utilized for different neighboring pixels around the central test pixel. The weight of one specific neighboring pixel is determined by the structural similarity between the neighboring pixel and the central test pixel, which is referred to as a nonlocal weighting scheme. In this paper, the simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit technique is used to solve the nonlocal weighted joint sparsity model (NLW-JSM). The proposed classification algorithm was tested on three hyperspectral images. The experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm performs better than the other sparsity-based algorithms and the classical support vector machine hyperspectral classifier.
Getting robust and valid data on decision policies: The factorial survey

The factorial survey is a research design using true-to-life vignettes for the study of decision policies and normative judgments, capitalising on the possibilities of advances in computing. The factorial survey combines the internal validity strengths of the classical random assignment experiment with the external validity strengths of the sample survey. Compared to the better known factorial experiment, the factorial survey uses more independent variables (IV) and more levels of IVs, and thus has greater fidelity to the complexity of real world decisions. The factorial survey handles the question of spuriousness through random assignment of IVs to vignettes and of vignettes to respondent. Respondents may be selected randomly from the population of interest. Practical issues in use of the method are explained, and an example is given of the use of a factorial survey to study professional judgment in health and social care. Criticisms of the factorial survey, such as whether sample sises are unduly inflat.
La voz del estudiante en la evaluación del aprendizaje: un camino por recorrer en la universidad

During 2009/2010, the current research was conducted with the aim of analysing student and teaching staff on regarding student participation in assessment. A content analysis of 76 subject outlines was carried out, and then 40 member of the teaching staff and 614 university students were surveyed. The results of the content analysis prove there is a shortage of information about and programming for student participation in assessment .
Language ID-based training of multilingual stacked bottleneck features

In this paper, we explore multilingual feature-level data sharing via Deep Neural Network (DNN) stacked bottleneck features. Given a set of available source languages, we apply language identification to pick the language most similar to the target language, for more efficient use of multilingual resources. Our experiments with IARPA-Babel languages show that bottleneck features trained on the most similar source language perform better than those trained on all available source languages. Further analysis suggests that only data similar to the target language is useful for multilingual training. Index Terms: Multilingual, Bottleneck features, DNN
Perceptions of Physical Activity Among Young Women aged 16 and 17 Years

The health implications of young women's inactive lifestyles continue to be viewed with concern. Although there is a considerable body of literature related to women and sport, very little is known about the views of young women in relation to the broader area of physical activity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of physical activity among young women aged 16 and 17 years. Fifty‐two young women took part in focus group discussions that addressed various issues concerned with physical activity. Most young women in the study acknowledged the value of a physically active lifestyle, but many expressed negative views about physical education experiences at school. There was a perception that, to achieve health benefits, strenuous effort, exertion and sweat was necessary. The main perceived barriers to participation in physical activity included lack of time, lack of self‐confidence and practical difficulties. It was concluded that the physical activity behaviour of many young women seems to be determined by a complex interplay of gender issues and environmental constraints.
Involving Older Adults as Co-researchers in Social Work Education

This article examines the contribution of older adults as co-researchers to the evaluation of a gerontological social work course. The evaluation was conducted at an Israeli college as part of a collaborative project with a United Kingdom university. Here, we follow the older adults who are service users through their transition to the role of co-researchers and reflect on their experiences in the process. Insights gained by the different stakeholders from the co-researching experience are discussed, and the growing interest in service-user contributions to social work education in various fields such as aging and disabilities is recognized.
Extraoral periapical radiography: an alternative approach to intraoral periapical radiography

It is difficult to take intraoral radiographs in some patients who are intolerable to place the film in their mouth. For these patients, Newman and Friedman recommended a new technique of extraoral film placement. Here we report various cases that diagnostic imaging was performed in patients using the extraoral periapical technique. This technique was used to obtain the radiographs for the patients with severe gag reflex, pediatric dental patients, and patients with restricted mouth opening. This technique can be recommended as an alternative to conventional intraoral periapical technique in cases where intraoral film placement is difficult to achieve.
Predictors of Radiation Field Failure After Definitive Chemoradiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

Purpose We identified the predictive factors for locoregional failure after definitive chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods Altogether, 397 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IB2–IVA) were treated with definitive chemoradiation between June 2001 and February 2010. Platinum-based concurrent chemotherapy was given to all patients with median radiation dose of external beam radiotherapy 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions and intracavitary radiotherapy 30 Gy in 6 fractions. Competing risk regression analysis was used to reveal the predictive factors for locoregional failure. Results During the median follow-up of 7.2 years, locoregional failure occurred in 51 (12.9%) patients. The estimated 3-year rate of locoregional control was 89%, whereas the overall survival rate was 82%. After univariate and multivariate analyses, large tumor size (>5 cm), young age (≤40 years), nonsquamous histology, positive lymph node on magnetic resonance imaging, and advanced stage (III–IV) were identified as risk factors for locoregional failure (P = 0.003, P = 0.075, P = 0.005, P = 0.055, and P < 0.001, respectively). After risk grouping according to the coefficients from the multivariate model, we identified a high-risk group for locoregional failure after treatment with definitive chemoradiation as follows: (1) tumor size larger than 5 cm, and at least 1 other risk factor or (2) tumor size 5 cm or less, and at least 3 other risk factors. The cumulated estimated 3-year rate of locoregional failure of the high-risk group was 26%, which was significantly higher than that of the low-risk group (7%, P < 0.001). The 3-year overall survival rates of the 2 groups were also significantly different (57% vs 86%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Large tumor size (>5 cm), young age (≤40 years), nonsquamous histology, positive lymph node on magnetic resonance imaging, and advanced stage are all risk factors for locoregional failure after definitive platinum-based chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. In the high-risk group, further clinical trials are warranted to improve the locoregional control rate.
The Imitation of Resistance to Deviation: Conclusive Evidence for an Elusive Effect.

Argues that previous studies on the imitation of resistance to deviation have confounded exposure to a model who resists temptation with other variables that might influence children's response inhibition. The present experiment sought to clarify the results of previous studies by independently manipulating and assessing the effects of 3 variables hypothesized to influence children's resistance to temptation: (a) modeling of resistance to deviation, (b) modeling of a task that was incompatible with deviation, and (c) availability of this task to the S during test. Ss were 72 4th-grade boys. All 3 variables were found to make independent contributions to boys' resistance to deviation. It is concluded that the suggestion in the literature that models are ineffective as agents of inhibition is incorrect. Finally, there was evidence for the idea that when children avoid a prohibited activity because of exposure to a conforming model, they alter their attitude toward the prohibited activity to reflect their avoidance of it (i.e., they devalue the activity). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
Synchronous polyandry and multiple paternity in the frogCrinia georgiana(Anura: Myobatrachidae)

Multiple paternity has rarely been reported in anuran amphibians, with only three previous documented examples. For the Australian frog Crinia georgiana, we observed synchronous polyandry in an average of 44% of matings observed at four field sites. This suggests matings involving more than one male are common in this species. One to eight males were observed in amplectant groups with second males amplexed ventrally. Genetic analyses, using allozyme electrophoresis, of offspring from two matings indicated that at least two of three possible males fathered offspring. Third males were unlikely to have shared paternity, explained by their inappropriate position during amplexus. Multiple paternity may be more common in frogs than has been reported. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
The Law of Cognitive Structure Activation

Recent psychological research has provided abundant evidence that when a stimulus is ambiguous enough to be encodable as an instance of multiple cognitive structures (e.g., constructs, scripts, events, or specific objects) the stimulus will be encoded as an instance of the structure that is the most highly active in memory and the most semantically similar to the stimulus. We suggest that this robust phenomenon be labeled the law of cognitive structure activation. In the first part of the article, parameters of the law are discussed. In the second part, possible applications of the law to judgmental, personality, and behavioral processes that span cognitive, clinical, developmental, and social psychology are explored. Psychology has often been criticized for its inability to produce general laws that can bridge different areas of research. As Koch (1981) pointed out, "When the details of psychology's 100-year history are consulted, the patent tendency is toward theoretical and substantive fractionation (and increasing insularity among the 'specialties'), not integration" (p. 268). Similar views are expressed by C. Taylor (1973): "Psychology is a vast and ramified discipline [containing] many mansions [and] intellectually divided