Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jose: Aspects for Design by Contract80-89

Design by contract is a practical methodology for evolving code together with its specification. The contract has important methodological implications on the design of the program. In addition, tools that instrument the code to check for contract violations help the development process by catching errors close to their sources. This is complicated by several factors, such as the need to collect preconditions from supertypes. There are two issues involved in the implementation of such a tool: the correct enforcement of the theoretical principles, and the instrumentation of the code. Most previous tools tackle both issues, but have subtle failures in one or the other. This paper describes Jose, a tool for design by contract in Java, which uses AspectJ, an aspect-oriented extension of Java, to instrument the program. This allows us to leverage the expertise of the AspectJ developers in instrumenting Java programs, and concentrate on the correct implementation of the design by-contract principles. This approach has the added benefit that it can be generalized to other object-oriented languages that have aspect-oriented extensions. We describe the design decisions made in the implementation of Jose, and the features of AspectJ that helped or hindered this implementation
Adhesiveness and stickiness: two independent properties of the cell surface.

For the purposes of this report, adhesiveness was defined as that force which resists the mechanical separation of attached pairs of cells, and stickiness as the tendency of cells to cling to a foreign substrate; in the present experiments the substrate employed was glass. The cells selected for study were from the normal rabbit epiderm and the V2 rabbit carcinoma. Adhesiveness was determined by measuring the bend produced in a calibrated microneedle when subjected to the strain of pulling apart an attached pair of cells. Stickiness was measured by calculating the percentage of cells clinging to a glass surface after being dipped 3 times in salt solution. It was found that the normal epidermal cells were strongly adhesive but not very sticky, whereas the cancer cells were extremely sticky but poorly adhesive. Thus, it was concluded that the two properties are different and independent. Possible explanations and implications of the results are discussed and further studies suggested.
Enhanced binding of sperm with superior volume regulation to oviductal epithelium.

The plasma membrane is a key organelle with respect to sperm fertilizing ability. A sensitive way of testing plasma membrane functionality is to examine the sperm ability to moderate its swelling in response to hypo-osmotic stress (volume regulatory ability) using an electronic cell counter to assess cell volume changes. In this study of frozen-thawed bull sperm, we examined the relationship among sperm-oviductal epithelium binding capacity, osmotically induced swelling response, volume regulatory ability, and standard spermatologic parameters. Sperm cell volume distributions were measured under iso-osmotic conditions and after hypo-osmotic stress. The relative volume shift was calculated by comparing modal values of the cell volume distributions during transition from iso-osmotic to hypo-osmotic conditions. Significant correlations were found between volumetric parameters and sperm-oviduct binding capacity. Both the relative volume shift and regulative volume decrease correlated positively and significantly with the sperm-oviduct binding capacity. No significant correlations were found between sperm volumetric parameters and any of the standard sperm parameters with the exception of forward motility of Percoll-washed sperm. However, the use of multiple regression models improved the prediction level for binding capacity when motility parameters were combined with membrane integrity and volumetric parameters (R2 = .84). Spermatozoa of bulls with high nonreturn rates responded to hypotonicity as "perfect osmometers. " Subfertile bulls had lower binding indices and deficiencies in volume recovery after hypotonic challenge, indicating that intact volume regulatory ability is a necessary prerequisite for binding to oviductal epithelium and is related to fertility. Volumetric parameters therefore could be used as tools in semen evaluation programs.
LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF THE TURBULENT FLOW IN HEATED CURVED DUCTS : INFLUENCE OF THE REYNOLDS NUMBER Cécile Münch

Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of the turbulent compressible flow within heated curved ducts of square cross section are presented. The aim here is to predict the three-dimensional structures which develop inside cooling channels of rocket engines and study their effect on heat transfer rates. In this work, we focus on the influence of the Reynolds number on these structures and thus on the heat transfer characteristics. We first consider non heated curved ducts for two Reynolds numbers : 6000 and 12000. We observe that the the Ekman vortices corresponding to the secondary flow created by the radial pressure gradient become larger in size at high Reynolds number. The Görtler vortices appearing on the concave wall, due to the centrifugal instability, are conversely smaller and more numerous. We then present simulations with heat: a constant heat flux is imposed on the convex wall of the curved duct. The Ekman vortices are found to be associated with an important transverse temperature gradient on the heated wall. This gradient intensifies when the Reynolds number is increased.
On the Speedup Required to Achieve 100 % Throughput for Multicast Traffic over Crossbar Switches Can

We show an isomorphism between packet scheduling in crossba r witches and circuit switching in three-stage Clos networks, using the concept of rate quanti zation. We use the analogy for a crossbar switch of sizen×n to construct a simple packet scheduler of complexity O (n log n) based on maximal matching. We show that, with this simple scheduler, a speedu p of O(log n/ log log n) is necessary to support 100% throughput for any admissible multicast traffi c. If fanout splitting of multicast packets is not allowed, we show that an extra speedup of 2 is necessary, e ven when the arrival rates are within the admissible region for mere unicast traffic. Also we revisit s ome problems in unicast switch scheduling. We illustrate that the analogy provides useful perspective s and we give a simple proof for a well known result.
Reflexive Language and Ethnic Minority Activism in Hong Kong: A Trajectory-Based Analysis.

This article engages with Archer’s call to further research on reflexivity and social change under conditions of late modernity ( 2007 , 2010 , 2012 ) from the perspective of existing work on reflexive discourse in the language disciplines ( Silverstein 1976 , Lucy 1993 ). Drawing from a linguistic ethnography of the networked trajectories of a group of working-class South Asian youth in Hong Kong ( Perez-Milans & Soto 2014 ), we analyze the trajectory of Sita, a Hong Kong-born young female with Nepali background. In her trajectory, performative acts of ethnic minority-based activism emerge as key in the enactment of a given set of values, stances, types of persona and situated forms of alignment/disalignment. That is to say, Sita’s enactment of activism is seen in this article as tied to a discourse register ( Agha 2007 : 147). As such, ‘talking/doing activism’ is inter-textually linked to a speech chain network of a group of secondary school students, teachers, researchers and community-based minority activists engaged with Sita in various interrelated projects for social empowerment. Analysis of interview transcripts, online chats and multimodal artifacts shows the extent to which the coordinated formation of this discourse register proved useful in providing Sita with relevant cultural capital ( Bourdieu 1986 ) with which she shaped her own academic trajectory, from a low-prestige government-subsidized secondary school to an elite international college. Data also point towards the need for further engagement with recent invitations to re-imagining identity and social action under current conditions of diversification ( Blommaert 2013 ).
Coverage probability analysis for wireless networks using repulsive point processes

The recent witnessed evolution of cellular networks from a carefully planned deployment to more irregular, heterogeneous deployments of Macro, Pico and Femto-BSs motivates new analysis and design approaches. In this paper, we analyze the coverage probability in cellular networks assuming repulsive point processes for the base station deployment. In particular, we characterize, analytically using stochastic geometry, the downlink probability of coverage under a Matern hardcore point process to ensure minimum distance between the randomly located base stations. Assuming a mobile user connects to the nearest base station and Rayleigh fading, we derive two lower bounds expressions on the downlink probability of coverage that is within 4% from the simulated scenario. To validate our model, we compare the probability of coverage of the Matern hardcore topology against an actual base station deployment obtained from a public database. The comparison shows that the actual base station deployment can be fitted by setting the appropriate Matern point process density.
Severe Hypoglycemia and Smoking in a Long-Term Type 1 Diabetic Population

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of severe hypoglycemia and smoking in a population-based cohort of individuals with long-term type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a cross-sectional analysis of the population-based cohort of the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. The analyses in this report were limited to 537 type 1 diabetic individuals with complete data who participated in the last examination phase (2000–2001). Severe hypoglycemia was defined as having one or more episodes of loss of consciousness or overnight hospitalization attributable to hypoglycemia in a 1-year period before the examination. RESULTS—The prevalence of severe hypoglycemia in this population was 14.3%. In univariate analysis, current smokers had a greater chance of having severe hypoglycemia compared with never smokers (odds ratio 2.40 [95% CI 1.30–4.40]). When we controlled for relevant confounders such as age, sex, A1C, waist-to-hip ratio, orthostatic hypotension, alcohol consumption, intensive insulin treatment, past history of severe hypoglycemia, and late complications of diabetes (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy), the association remained statistically significant, with current smoking presenting ∼2.6 times greater odds of developing severe hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS—Current smokers with type 1 diabetes have higher odds of severe hypoglycemia episodes.
Modelling failures in existing reinforced concrete columns

Experimental research and post-earthquake reconnaissance have demonstrated that reinforced concrete columns with light or widely spaced transverse reinforcement are vulnerable to shear failure, and in turn, axial failure during earthquakes. Based on experimental data, failure surfaces have been used to define the onset of shear and axial failure for such columns. After the response of the column intersects the failure surface, the shear or axial strength of the column begins to degrade. This paper introduces a uniaxial material model that incorporates the failure surfaces and the subsequent strength degradation. When used in series with a beam-column element, the uniaxial material model can adequately capture the response of reinforced concrete columns during shear and axial load failure. The performance of the analytical model is compared with results from shake table tests.Key words: shear failure, axial failure, beam-column elements, failure surface, earthquakes, reinforced concrete, columns, collapse,.
Melatonin and Female Hormone Secretion in Postmenopausal Overweight Women

Estrogen deficiency is considered to be the main cause of increased appetite and increased weight in postmenopausal women. In this period, reduced secretion of melatonin (MEL) was also observed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the secretion of melatonin, 17-β estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in relation to body mass index (BMI) in pre- and postmenopausal women. The study included 90 women divided into three equal groups: group I (control)—women without menstrual disorders, group II—postmenopausal women without change in appetite and body weight, group III—postmenopausal women experiencing increased appetite and weight gain. In each patient, serum melatonin, 17-β-estradiol, FSH and urine a 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) were determined. Compared to the control group, the level of melatonin and estradiol was statistically lower. The FSH level was higher than in the groups of postmenopausal women. No significant correlation was found in all groups between the level of melatonin and the levels of estradiol and FSH. A negative correlation was found between aMT6s excretion and BMI, and a positive correlation between the level of FSH and BMI, mainly in overweight women. The obtained results indicate a significant effect of melatonin deficiency on the process of weight gain in postmenopausal women and justify its use in treatment of these disorders.
Cytokine Profiles in Human Metapneumovirus Infected Children: Identification of Genes Involved in the Antiviral Response and Pathogenesis

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes severe airway infection in children that may be caused by an unfavorable immune response. The nature of the innate immune response to hMPV in naturally occurring infections in children is largely undescribed, and it is unknown if inflammasome activation is implicated in disease pathogenesis. We examined nasopharynx aspirates and blood samples from hMPV-infected children without detectable co-infections. The expression of inflammatory and antiviral genes were measured in nasal airway secretions by relative mRNA quantification while blood plasma proteins were determined by a multiplex immunoassay. Several genes were significantly up-regulated at mRNA and protein level in the hMPV infected children. Most apparent was the expression of the chemokine IP-10, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 in addition to the interferon inducible gene ISG54. Interestingly, children experiencing more severe disease, as indicated by a severity index, had significantly more often up-regulation of the inflammasome-associated genes IL-1β and NLRP3. Overall, our data point to cytokines, particularly inflammasome-associated, that might be important in hMPV mediated lung disease and the antiviral response in children with severe infection. Our study is the first to demonstrate that inflammasome components are associated with increased illness severity in hMPV-infected children.
A Study on the Wide-Sense Stationary and Mean Ergodicity of SOC Rayleigh Fading Channel Simulators

Stationarity and ergodicity are desirable properties of any stochastic simulation model for small-scale mobile radio channels. These properties enable the channel simulator to accurately emulate the channel's statistical properties in a single simulation run without requiring information on the time origin. In a pre- vious paper, we analyzed the ergodicity with respect to (w.r.t.) the autocorrelation function (ACF) of seven fundamental classes of stochastic sum-of-cisoids (SOC) simulation models for mobile Rayleigh fading channels. In this paper, we con- tinue our investigations on the subject by providing a comprehensive study on the wide-sense stationarity and the ergodicity w.r. t. the mean value of these classes of SOC channel simulators. The obtained results can be used in connection with those presented in our previous paper to design efficient channel simulators for the performance evaluation of modern mobile communication systems.
Current Trends of Infectious Complications following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Single Center

This study was to analyze the infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) according to the recent changes of HSCT. Medical records of 379 adult patients who underwent HSCT consecutively at Catholic HSCT Center from January 2001 to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Allogeneic HSCT accounted for 75.7% (287/379) and autologous HSCT for 24.3% (92/379). During pre-engraftment period, bacterial infection was predominant, and E. coli was still the most common organism. After engraftment, viral infection was predominant. The incidence of invasive fungal infection showed bimodal distribution with peak correlated with neutropenia and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The overall mortality and infection-related mortality rates according to 3 periods were as follows; during pre-engraftment, 3.16% (12/379) and 1.8% (7/379); during midrecovery period, 7.9% (29/367) and 4.1% (15/367); during late-recovery period, 26.9% (91/338), and 15.9% (54/338). Risk factors for infection-related mortality were as follows; during pre-engraftment period, fungal infection and septic shock; during the mid-recovery period, hemorrhagic cystitis and delayed engraftment; during the late-recovery period, fungal infection, chronic GVHD, and relapse. In conclusion, infection was still one of the main complications after HSCT and highly contributes to mortality. The early diagnosis and the effective vaccination strategy are needed for control of infections.
ENERGY EXPANSION AND VORTEX LOCATION FOR A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ROTATING BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

We continue the analysis started in [14] on a model describing a two-dimensional rotating Bose–Einstein condensate. This model consists in minimizing under the unit mass constraint, a Gross–Pitaevskii energy defined in R 2 . In this contribution, we estimate the critical rotational speeds Ωd for having exactly d vortices in the bulk of the condensate and we determine their topological charge and their precise location. Our approach relies on asymptotic energy expansion techniques developed by Serfaty [20–22] for the Ginzburg–Landau energy of superconductivity in the high κ limit.
Free Subgroups of Groups with Nontrivial Floyd Boundary

Abstract We prove that when a countable group admits a nontrivial Floyd-type boundary, then every nonelementary and metrically proper subgroup contains a noncommutative free subgroup. This generalizes the corresponding well-known results for hyperbolic groups and groups with infinitely many ends. It also shows that no finitely generated amenable group admits a nontrivial boundary of this type. This improves on a theorem by Floyd (Floyd, W. J. (1980). Group completions and limit sets of Kleinian groups. Invent. Math. 57: 205–218) as well as giving an elementary proof of a conjecture stated in that same paper. We also show that if the Floyd boundary of a finitely generated group is nontrivial, then it is a boundary in the sense of Furstenberg and the group acts on it as a convergence group.
Real Time Vision System for Collision Detection

Collision detection is an essential feature for any Real-Time Active Vision system to safeguard it against imminent collisions. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a real-time (25Hz) collision detection and avoidance system. The implementation is based on a theory originally proposed in 5, 4]. A relative motion between an observer and an object induces a corresponding image velocity, which is divergent in nature when the object moves towards the camera. In this system, we detect imminent collision from the divergent image ow. The implementation is based on a combination of spatial parallelism and pipelining. We have developed a general purpose library for implementing a pipeline application. This library can be ported on to any multiprocessing machine supporting inter-process communications. To achieve real-time performance, we have developed the collision detection system using the pipe library on a network of T805 transputers. A mobile robot with a camera mount has been interfaced with the transputer network and applications illustrating collision detection and obstacle avoidance have been developed.
Identification complexity and conflict: how multiple identifications affect conflict across functional boundaries

ABSTRACT We integrate insights from the social identity complexity and dual identification literature to explore the influence of workplace identification on cross-functional conflicts at work. We propose that patterns of identification across multiple identity targets will affect the development of cross-functional conflicts within an organization. We test our hypotheses in a two-wave study of 156 military personnel over a period of 4 months, finding support for our propositions. Specifically, we find that less complex patterns of identification (defined as dominant identification with a single workplace identity) are associated with higher increases in process, task and relationship conflict during cross-functional working, compared to complex patterns of identification (identification with two or three targets) and weak identification. These findings have important implications for cross-functional working, and also provide new insights into the role of identification complexity in shaping workplace outcomes.
Blame and coercion: together again for the first time

C#, Dart, Pyret, Racket, TypeScript, VB: many recent languages integrate dynamic and static types via gradual typing. We systematically develop three calculi for gradual typing and the relations between them, building on and strengthening previous work. The calculi are: λB, based on the blame calculus of Wadler and Findler (2009); λC, inspired by the coercion calculus of Henglein (1994); λS inspired by the space-efficient calculus of Herman, Tomb, and Flanagan (2006) and the threesome calculus of Siek and Wadler (2010). While λB is little changed from previous work, λC and λS are new. Together, λB, λC, and λS provide a coherent foundation for design, implementation, and optimisation of gradual types. We define translations from λB to λC and from λC to λS. Much previous work lacked proofs of correctness or had weak correctness criteria; here we demonstrate the strongest correctness criterion one could hope for, that each of the translations is fully abstract. Each of the calculi reinforces the design of the others: λC has a particularly simple definition, and the subtle definition of blame safety for λB is justified by the simple definition of blame safety for λC. Our calculus λS is implementation-ready: the first space-efficient calculus that is both straightforward to implement and easy to understand. We give two applications: first, using full abstraction from λC to λS to validate the challenging part of full abstraction between λB and λC; and, second, using full abstraction from λB to λS to easily establish the Fundamental Property of Casts, which required a custom bisimulation and six lemmas in earlier work.
Psychosocial Keys to African American Achievement? Examining the Relationship Between Achievement and Psychosocial Variables in High Achieving African Americans

Grit, growth mindset, ethnic identity, and other group orientation are four psychosocial variables that have been associated with academic achievement in adolescent populations. In a sample of 105 high achieving African American high school students (cumulative grade point average [GPA] > 3.0), we examined whether these four psychosocial variables contributed to the achievement of high achieving African Americans beyond the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) and other demographic variables. Results indicated that the psychosocial variables were not significant predictors of academic achievement for the high achieving African American students in this sample. However, SES was a significant predictor of the academic achievement with a medium effect size. These findings suggest that interventions focused on grit, growth mindset, ethnic identity, and other group orientation may not be as effective as hypothesized.