Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of socioeconomic status to the etiology and developmental sequelae of physical child abuse.

This article studies how socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to the etiology of physical child abuse and to the consequences of abuse for child development. It reports a collaboration of two independent child abuse research projects. The general perspective and design of these two projects overlapped, which made possible the assessment of the generalizability of findings across samples from two geographical locations that differ in ethnic and socioeconomic composition. The total sample consisted of 132 4- to 8-year-old physically abused and comparison children and their mothers. Measures of child-rearing context and child development common to both projects were examined.
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori among children in Sana’a, Yemen

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is primarily acquired in early childhood. Its transmission routes are debated. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Yemeni children under 10 years of age, the potential risk factors for contracting H. pylori infection and co-infection of H. pylori with intestinal parasites. METHODS Enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay was used to determine the H. pylori prevalence rate among 572 healthy volunteers aged less than 10 years. Formalin ether concentration methods were used to test the prevalence of intestinal parasites (intestinal roundworms and tapeworms). In addition, we interviewed participants regarding potential risk factors for contracting H. pylori infection. RESULTS The seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was 9%. The prevalence according to age varied from 0% in children under 2 years to 12.5% in age group 9–10 years. There was a correlation between the amounts of positive antibodies and increasing age. The prevalence rate of H. pylori antibodies was also significantly associated with the practice of drinking water from reused plastic jerry cans, with poor mouth hygiene and with co-infection by intestinal parasites. CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori antibodies in Yemen among children under 10 years of age is higher than that reported from other regions for the same age groups. Yemen shares some but not all potential risk factors for H. pylori infection with countries in which similar socioeconomic conditions are found. A possible way of eliminating H. pylori from the population would be via public health measures, i.e. preventing the reuse of plastic jerry cans, and improving sanitation and the standard of living.
Circuit board defect detection based on image processing

Because the conventional printed circuit board defect detection is slow, a method base on the edge of image is proposed, this method can quickly locate and detect the detects on the circuit board. The algorithm combines gradient direction characteristics of image edge gray, the different characteristics of different defects in standard image and defect image are used to classify the defects, and then identify the type of defects. Experiments show that this method can detect the short circuit, opening, burr, hole and other defects of the circuit board quickly.
Weakly nonlocal continuum physics - the Ginzburg-Landau equation

Some peculiarities of the exploitation of the entropy inequality in case of weakly nonlocal continuum theories are investigated and refined. As an example it is shown that the proper application of the Liu procedure leads to the Ginzburg-Landau equation in case of a weakly nonlocal extension of the constitutive space of the simplest internal variable theories.
Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora's Lesion) of the Sesamoid: a Case Report

We report the a case of Nora's lesion (Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation) of the sesamoid. A 32-year-old woman presented with a painless, enlarging mass of two years duration on the plantar aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the left foot. Radiographs, Computerized Tomographs and Magnetic Resonance images, initially suggested a parosteal osteosarcoma arising from the tibial sesamoid. The mass was excised, and a histological diagnosis of Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation of bone (Nora's lesion) was made. The aggressive growth of this lesion may suggest a neoplasm clinically. Histological features, however, are those of a reactive lesion.
Reducing Buyers' Uncertainty About Taste-Related Product Attributes

It is becoming increasingly important for firms to know when to take steps to reduce buyers' uncertainty about products and services. This paper focuses on investments that firms can make to reduce buyers' uncertainty about taste-related product attributes. Using an analytical model, we show that firms should disclose more taste-related information when the customer segment they directly target represents a larger share of the overall market. We further show that there are practical ways by which managers can decide if such disclosure investments are financially beneficial to their firms. Specifically, we show that the variance of consumer reviews can guide such decisions. The paper's main contribution to the extant literature is to show that firms must consider the variance, but not the mean, of buyer reviews, to determine the need to invest in reducing consumer uncertainty about taste-related attributes. The papers's findings are managerially important due to the ubiquity of consumer reviews. They are novel because most of the previous literature views the mean of the review as the key indicator. Finally, they are general in their applicability since they are independent of any assumptions about heuristics that buyers may use to ascertain product quality from the reviews of previous buyers.
Comparison of Students Nominated for Prereferral Interventions by Ethnicity and Gender

In the present investigation, 150 children in Grades 2 through 4 who had been recommended for prereferral interventions were compared on a number of cognitive/achievement and behavioral scales in order to test whether those children referred differed as a function of ethnicity and/or gender. Of interest was the hypothesis that the behaviors that prompt referral may differ by domain or by degree for children of different ethnicity or gender. Severe achievement deficiencies characterized children of all three ethnic groups. Differences that did emerge indicated that on average, referred White children evidenced significantly higher Verbal IQs and reading achievement scores. On measures of problem behaviors, our data suggest that referred Black children were more likely to have a higher incidence of behavior problems than were Hispanic children. Gender differences for this referred sample were most apparent in the problem behaviors more typically exhibited by males; however, differences did not emerge on cognitive and achievement measures. Nevertheless, teachers rated females higher on overall academic competence. Findings were interpreted as failing to support the notions that the systematic referral of children for academic and/or behavior problems was somehow discriminatory against male or ethnic minority children.
Empirical Evidence For a Core Borderline Syndrome

The borderline concept was originally broadly defined by theory and empirical findings. Worries about the expanding use of the concept convinced the Task Force of DSM-III to split the concept into borderline and schizotypal personality disorders. By examination of studies of symptom patterns, of conditioned probability of diagnostic criteria, and of validity studies, the splitting of the borderline concept is contraindicated. Alternatively the broad borderline concept is endorsed and defined by a combination of borderline and schizotypal criteria. This core borderline syndrome has criteria covering identity disturbance, affective disturbance, impulse-action pattern, interpersonal relations, social functioning, and cognitive/peceptual disturbance. This definition seems clinically the more useful one today.
Relation of shyness with aspects of online relationship involvement

Relationships that individuals develop using an online medium constitute a relatively new way of forming personal attachments with others. Researchers have only recently begun to explore online relationship involvement and the personality characteristics that may draw individuals to use this medium for relationship development. Although certain aspects have been proposed, including loneliness and social anxiety, to date only a few studies have explored these issues. The primary focus of this study involved examining the relation of participants’ shyness with identical aspects of online and face-to-face relational involvement. University students were surveyed, with 146 reporting involvement in at least one online relationship. Results indicated that correlations of shyness with aspects of involvement in online relationships were greater than those with involvement in face-to-face relationships. However, shyness was not significantly related to aspects of online relationship involvement. Other findings included the comparability of surveys measuring both face-to-face and online relational involvement and the relationship of participants’ sex with aspects of involvement in online relationships.
Universal properties of many-body quantum chaos at Gross-Neveu criticality

Quantum chaos in many-body systems may be characterized by the Lyapunov exponent defined as the exponential growth rate of out-of-time-order correlators (OTOC). So far Lyaponov exponents around various quantum critical points (QCP) remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the Lyapunov exponent around QCPs of the Gross-Neveu (GN) model with $N$ flavors of Dirac fermions in (2+1) dimensions. Around the GN quantum phase transition between a Dirac semimetal and a gapped insulator breaking $Z_2$ symmetry (e.g., inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice), we find that the Lyaponov exponent $\lambda_L \approx 3.5 T/N$ at temperature $T$ and to the leading order of $1/N$ in the large-$N$ expansion. We also obtain the quantum scattering rate of an excitation with energy $\epsilon$, which is proportional to $\sqrt{\epsilon T}/N$ at low energy. We further discuss possible experimental relevances of the GN model in many-body systems.
Carbohydrate Starvation Causes a Metabolically Active but Nonculturable State in Lactococcus lactis

ABSTRACT This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of multiple lactococcal strains under a number of environmental conditions along with whole-genome expression profiles. Three distinct phases were observed, logarithmic growth, sugar exhaustion, and nonculturability. Shortly after carbohydrate starvation, each lactococcal strain lost the ability to form colonies on solid media but maintained an intact cell membrane and metabolic activity for over 3.5 years. ML3, a strain that metabolized lactose rapidly, reached nonculturability within 1 week. Strains that metabolized lactose slowly (SK11) or not at all (IL1403) required 1 to 3 months to become nonculturable. In all cases, the cells contained at least 100 pM of intracellular ATP after 6 months of starvation and remained at that level for the remainder of the study. Aminopeptidase and lipase/esterase activities decreased below detection limits during the nonculturable phase. During sugar exhaustion and entry into nonculturability, serine and methionine were produced, while glutamine and arginine were depleted from the medium. The cells retained the ability to transport amino acids via proton motive force and peptides via ATP-driven translocation. The addition of branched-chain amino acids to the culture medium resulted in increased intracellular ATP levels and new metabolic products, indicating that branched-chain amino acid catabolism resulted in energy and metabolic products to support survival during starvation. Gene expression analysis showed that the genes responsible for sugar metabolism were repressed as the cells entered nonculturability. The genes responsible for cell division were repressed, while autolysis and cell wall metabolism genes were induced neither at starvation nor during nonculturability. Taken together, these observations verify that carbohydrate-starved lactococci attain a nonculturable state wherein sugar metabolism, cell division, and autolysis are repressed, allowing the cells to maintain transcription, metabolic activity, and energy production during a state that produces new metabolites not associated with logarithmic growth.
CLASS-BASED MASCULINITIES

This article presents a theoretical framework that views interpersonal power as interdependent with broader structures of gender and class inequalities. In contrast to oversimplified, gender-neutral or gender-static approaches, this approach illuminates the ways that structures of inequality are expressed in ideological hegemonies, which enhance, legitimate, and mystify the interpersonal power of privileged men relative to lower-status men and women in general. The discussion centers on how the relational construction of ascendant and subordinated masculinities provide men with different modes of interpersonal power that, when exercised, (re)construct and reaffirm interclass male dominance. Examples of how the construction of femininity can undermine women's interpersonal power and implications for other forms of masculinities and femininities are discussed. Examples are drawn from an analysis of conjugal power in the accounts of remarried individuals' first and second marriages to illustrate the main points of this perspective.
The Search for Style: It All Depends on Where You Look.

This paper traces the history of 11 prominent learning style theorists from the 1970s to the present. Several theorists focused on the student's cognitive processing style. Manuel Ramirez attributed Mexican-American students' tendency toward field sensitivity to their socialization. Charles Letteri classified learners as analytic, global, or combination processors. Anthony Gregorc identified four styles of cognitive processing which combined concrete and abstract spatial and sequential and random temporal components. Ronald R. Schmeck conceptualized cognitive style in a developmental fashion, proceeding from global to analytic. David Kolb identified four learning modes, concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation; and for learning styles, accommodation, assimilation, converging, and diverging. Joseph Hill defined learning style as the way an individual searches for meaning and considered cognitive processes, perceptual modalities, and sociological elements. Harry Reinert focused on students' reactions to an auditory stimulus to enhance learning. David Hunt examined sociological and emotional components of learning style, such as need for structure and peerversus adult-orientation. Kenneth Dunn and Rita Dunn developed a comprehensive model dealing with environmental, emotional, sociological, physical, and psychological learning style elements which provides information directly related to teaching strategies. Bernice McCarthy developed a lesson plan model which provides a sequence of instruction to move students from concrete experience to reflective observation to abstract conceptualization to active experimentation. The models complement and build on one another, but there is still considerable debate on the issue of matching the learner's style or altering it. (Contains 31 references.) (KDFB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Longitudinal studies of IQ stability in children with childhood autism - literature survey.

BACKGROUND In this paper we present a survey of the literature dealing with IQ stability in children with childhood autism (CA) over the last ten years. Nowadays there is no clear evidence on this topic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We used the online "PubMed" database. By inputting the following key words: (autism and IQ and child) and (stability or outcome or follow-up) we obtained a total of 78 references. Out of those 78 references, some papers were left out in line with the exclusion criteria, so this survey includes 23 papers altogether. RESULTS The average initial IQ point is in the range from borderline intelligence to mild mental retardation. Out of a total of 23 studies, the majority, 19 of them, generally state that there are no changes in IQ, 8 studies mention increased IQ, while 3 studies demonstrate a decrease in IQ. Some studies register different results in the same study. At an individual level, single studies show a similar trend to the general results. CONCLUSION The majority of studies state that the IQ points will remain the same. Today the generally accepted belief is that therapy should be started intensely and early. Some children with good progress may attend regular school.
Variation of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities at Different Growth Stages of Rice （Oryza sativa）

A pot experiment was conducted under submerged conditions with hybrid rice Zhenong 7 to study the variation in the soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (Nmic), soil respiration rate, soil microbial metabolic quotient, soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, proline content and peroxidase activity (POD) in rice leaf at different growth stages. The soil Cmic, Nmic and soil respiration rate significantly increased at the early stage and then declined during rice growth, but ascended slightly at maturity. However, soil metabolic quotient declined at all the stages. Soil urease activity increased at first and then decreased, while acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities descended before ascended and then descended again. Soil urease activity and acid phosphatase activity showed a peak value at the tillering stage about 30 days after rice transplanting, but the peak value of dehydrogenase activity emerged at about 50 days after rice transplanting and the three soil enzymatic activities were significantly different at the different developmental stages. As rice growing, chlorophyll content in rice leaf descended at the early stage then ascended and a peak value appeared at about the 70th after rice transplanting, after that declined drastically, while POD activity increased gradually, but proline content declined gradually. There was a slight relation between rice physiological indices and soil biochemical indices, which indicated that soil biochemical characteristics were affected significantly by rice growth in the interaction system of the rice, soil and microorganisms.
Overweight in Adolescence Can Be Predicted at Age 6 Years: A CART Analysis in German Cohorts

Objective To examine, whether overweight in adolescents can be predicted from the body mass index (BMI) category, at the age of 6, the mother's education level and mother's obesity and to quantify the proportion of overweight at the age of 14 that can be explained by these predictors. Method Pooled data from three German cohorts providing anthropometric and other relevant data to a total of 1 287 children. We used a classification and regression tree (CART) approach to identify the contribution of BMI category at the age of 6 (obese: BMI>97th percentile (P97); overweight: P90<BMI≤P97; high normal weight: P75<BMI≤P90; third quartile: P50<BMI≤P75; below the median: ≤P50), maternal education level and maternal obesity for prediction of overweight/obesity (BMI>P90) at the age of 14. Results While 4.8% [95%CI: 3.2;7.0] of 651 boys and 4.1% [95%CI: 2.6;6.2] of 636 girls with a BMI<P75 at age 6 were overweight/obese in adolescence, prevalence increased to 41.3% [95%CI: 31.9;51.1] and 42.5% [95%CI: 33.8;51.6], respectively, in those with BMI≥P75. The lowest prevalence was 1.9% [95%CI: 0.8;3.8] in boys with a BMI≤P50 and the highest prevalence 91.7% [95%CI: 61.5;99.8] with a BMI>P97 (similar results for girls). BMI≥P75 at the age of 6 explained 63.5% [95%CI: 51.1;74.5]) and 72.0% [95%CI: 60.4;81.8] of overweight/obesity at the age of 14 in boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions Overweight/obesity in adolescence can be predicted by BMI category at the age of 6 allowing for parent counselling or risk guided interventions in children with BMI≥P75, who accounted for >2/3 of overweight/obesity in adolescents.
Comparison of supplementary prescribers' and doctors' compliance with guidelines for drug dosing in haemofiltration on an intensive care unit

Results Before supplementary prescribing, 88 prescriptions (53.7%) were in accordance with the guidelines. After supplementary prescribing was introduced, the doctors’ levels of compliance with the guidelines did not significantly change but all of the 26 prescriptions (100%) issued by the pharmacist supplementary prescriber were appropriate, representing a statistically significant difference (P<0.001).
“Geography of Opportunity”: Poverty, Place, and Educational Outcomes

This article is an expanded version of the 2008 American Educational Research Association’s Presidential Address. The purpose of the article is to describe the geography of opportunity in two metropolitan regions of the United States that are engaged in significant efforts to transform their local political economies. Both metropolitan regions have invested substantive resources into the development of an area of industrial science—one in telecommunications, one in biotechnology. A central underlying question in this article is, How does geography influence opportunity? The article’s two case studies investigate this question, using different methodological approaches. The article concludes with two important lessons learned from the research.
The impact of link scheduling on long paths: Statistical analysis and optimal bounds

We study how the choice of packet scheduling algorithms influences end-to-end performance on long network paths. Taking a network calculus approach, we consider both deterministic and statistical performance metrics. A key enabling contribution for our analysis is a significantly sharpened method for computing a statistical bound for the service given to a flow by the network as a whole. For a suitably parsimonious traffic model we develop closed-form expressions for end-to-end delays, backlog, and output burstiness. The deterministic versions of our bounds yield optimal bounds on end-to-end backlog and output burstiness for some schedulers, and are highly accurate for end-to-end delay bounds.