Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How conservative are greenies? Environmental attitudes, conservatism, and traditional morality among University students

Abstract Although environmentalism is now a major social and political issue in most Western democracies, relatively little is known about the psychological and attitudinal correlates of environmental concern. In this study, the relationship between environmental attitudes, political and economic conservatism, and traditional morality were investigated in a large (N = 621) student sample. We expected and found that greater environmental concern was positively correlated with more radical political views, lack of religiosity, and more libertarian attitudes on various ethical and moral issues. Surprisingly, we also found a small but significant correlation between belief in extremist “doomsday” environmental scenarios and religiosity, suggesting a possible link between these absolutist, “closed” belief systems. Given the parallel rise of environmentalism and conservatism during the past decade, the results suggest that for some, environmentalism may serve as the acceptable focus of general anti-establishmen.
Optic disc haemorrhages preceding manifest glaucoma

Abstract. The Dalby population has been subjected to repeated glaucoma surveys in a deliberate effort to describe the early stages of glaucoma. A total of 28 haemorrhagic episodes were observed at 3819 examinations of persons not having manifest glaucoma. The prevalence of optic disc haemorrhages was dependent on age and residence. The mean IOP in eyes with optic disc haemorrhages was 17.0 mmHg. Only four out of 24 haemorrhages in eyes without pseudoexfoliations were associated with intraocular pressures over 20.5 mmHg. Of twelve cases followed more than six years two died and five developed manifest glaucoma. The period of latency between the detection of a haemorrhage and the development of a glaucomatous visual field defect was 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 years, respectively.
Plasma Concentration of Platelet-Derived Microparticles Is Related to Painful Vaso-Occlusive Phenotype Severity in Sickle Cell Anemia

High plasma level of microparticles (MPs) deriving mainly from erythrocytes and platelets has been detected in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. Flow cytometry was used to determine the concentration of MPs in two groups of SCA patients exhibiting marked differences in painful vaso-occlusive crisis rates [a non-severe group (n = 17) and a severe group (n = 12)], and in a control group composed of healthy subjects (n = 20). A 3- to 4-fold increase of total MP plasma concentration was detected in SCA patients. Higher platelet-derived MPs concentration was detected in the severe SCA group while erythrocyte-derived MPs concentration was increased in the non-severe SCA patient group only. Our results suggest that plasma concentration of MPs shed by platelets is a biomarker of the vaso-occlusive phenotype-related severity.
The Implications of Future Time Perspective and Planning Ability for Children's Emotion Regulation

Studying emotion regulation in childhood has particular importance for understanding the developmental trajectory of these abilities, as well as for informing preventative work that could offset later psychopathology. Gross (1998a) has distinguished between antecedent- and response focused emotion regulation strategies, and has shown that emotion regulation strategies that occur earlier in the emotion generative process have more favourable outcomes. The first step in antecedent emotion regulation is situation selection, which involves seeking out or avoiding certain situations or environments in order to regulate emotion. In fact, there is a growing psychological literature on children's environmental choices, or environmental niche picking, and how they may affect self-regulatory processes such as emotion regulation. To date, most research has focused on environmental choices for preferred (favourite) environments, and little attention has been focused on non-preferred environments, namely the school playground - the predominant social environment in which children spend their formative years. One's ability to plan, think about the future, and delay immediate gratification are also thought to be important factors in antecedent focused emotion regulation, as such skills allow an individual to move beyond immediate concerns. Few studies have investigated the relationship between emotion regulation and children's future time perspective and planning ability. The present study sought to add to existing research on emotion regulation by investigating the mechanisms by which children develop healthy emotion regulation skills. It was hypothesized that children who scored higher on future time perspective and planning ability would demonstrate better emotion regulation and be rated by peers as less aggressive. It was also hypothesized that any relationship between emotion regulation and aggression would be mediated by future time perspective and/or planning ability. Participants were 82 elementary school students in grades 3 (13 females, 15 males), 4 (17 females, 13 males), and 5 (17 females, 7 males). Parents and homeroom teachers of children also participated by completing the Lability/Negativity scale of the Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields and Cicchetti, 1997). Children completed peer nomination measures of social behaviour using the Revised Class Play (Masten, Morrison, and Pellegrini, 1985) and one measure of emotion regulation, the Environmental Choices task (Ledingham, Rafter, & Genot, 1995). Children also completed two measures of means-end thinking: the Children's Time Perspective Inventory (Myers, 2000), and the Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Cognitive Abilities - Planning subtest. Results indicated that children as young as the age of 7 could be classified as having a future time perspective, and that future time perspective significantly predicted peer nominations of children's aggression. In addition, children's planning ability, as measured by the Woodcock-Johnson, played a significant role not only in…
High-pressure phase transition of Bi2Fe4O9

The high-pressure behaviour of Bi2Fe4O9 was analysed by in situ powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Pressures up to 34.3(8) GPa were generated using the diamond anvil cell technique. A reversible phase transition is observed at approximately 6.89(6) GPa and the high-pressure structure is stable up to 26.3(1) GPa. At higher pressures the onset of amorphization is observed. The crystal structures were refined from single-crystal data at ambient pressure and pressures of 4.49(2), 6.46(2), 7.26(2) and 9.4(1) GPa. The high-pressure structure is isotypic to the high-pressure structure of Bi2Ga4O9. The lower phase transition pressure of Bi2Fe4O9 with respect to that of Bi2Ga4O9 (16 GPa) confirms the previously proposed strong influence of cation substitution on the high-pressure stability and the misfit of Ga3+ and Fe3+ in tetrahedral coordination at high pressure. A fit of a second-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state to the p–V data results in K0 = 74(3) GPa for the low-pressure phase and K0 = 79(2) GPa for the high-pressure phase. The mode Grüneisen parameters were obtained from Raman-spectroscopic measurements.
The human chromokinesin Kid is a plus end‐directed microtubule‐based motor

Kid is a kinesin‐like DNA‐binding protein known to be involved in chromosome movement during mitosis, although its actual motor function has not been demonstrated. Here, we describe the initial characterization of Kid as a microtubule‐based motor using optical trapping microscopy. A bacterially expressed fusion protein consisting of a truncated Kid fragment (amino acids 1–388 or 1–439) is indeed an active microtubule motor with an average speed of ∼160 nm/s, and the polarity of movement is plus end directed. We could not detect processive movement of either monomeric Kid or dimerizing chimeric Kid; however, low levels of processivity (a few steps) cannot be detected with our method. These results are consistent with Kid having a role in chromosome congression in vivo, where it would be responsible for the polar ejection forces acting on the chromosome arms.
Belonging, Believing, and Group Behavior

The authors examine the effect of religiosity on intended and recalled voter turnout in presidential elections. They argue that the trade-off between time spent in worship and time spent in political activities, specifically voter turnout, is strongest for mainline Protestants, weaker for Catholics, and nonexistent for evangelical Protestants. Evangelical Protestants increasingly recognize the connection between their religious beliefs and politics, with the result that they have formed a habit of voting. This argument has important implications for American voting behavior literature. Going beyond partisan voting patterns, the findings demonstrate that evangelical Protestants manifest unique patterns as they relate to turnout patterns.
A New Therapy for Prevention of Post-operative Recurrences in Genital and Breast Cancer

The concept arose step by step directly from our initial observations on the non-carcinogenic tumour-inhibiting substances in coal-tar. It was developed as a basis for planned experimental work and as such has proved most useful. I am much indebted to Burnet's stimulating idea of "selfmarkers," which, extended into the cancer field, provided at a later stage an essential link in the hypothesis.
Nanoelectronic impedance detection of target cells

Detection of cells is typically performed using optical fluorescence based techniques such as flow cytometry. Here we present the impedance detection of target cells using a nanoelectronic probe we have developed, which we refer to as the nanoneedle biosensor. The nanoneedle consists of a thin film conducting electrode layer at the bottom, an insulative oxide layer above, another conductive electrode layer above, and a protective oxide above. The electrical impedance is measured between the two electrode layers. Cells captured on the surface of the nanoneedle tip results in a decrease in the impedance across the sensing electrodes. The basic mechanisms behind the electrical response of cells in solution under an applied alternating electrical field stems from modulation of the relative permittivity at the interface. In this paper we discuss, the circuit model, the nanofabrication, and the testing and characterization of the sensor. We demonstrate proof of concept for detection of yeast cells with specificity. We envision the sensor presented in this paper to be combined with microfluidic pre‐concentration technologies to develop low cost point‐of‐care diagnostic assays for the clinical setting. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1161–1169. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Posttranslational Regulation of Pyruvate Formate-Lyase in Lactococcus lactis

ABSTRACT The enzyme pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) from Lactococcus lactis was produced in Escherichia coli and purified to obtain anti-PFL antibodies that were shown to be specific forL. lactis PFL. It was demonstrated that activated L. lactis PFL was sensitive to oxygen, as in E. coli, resulting in the cleavage of the PFL polypeptide. The PFL protein level and its in vivo activity and regulation were shown by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and metabolite measurement to be dependent on the growth conditions. The PFL level during anaerobic growth on the slowly fermentable sugar galactose was higher than that on glucose. This shows that variation in the PFL protein level may play an important role in the regulation of metabolic shift from homolactic to mixed-acid product formation, observed during growth on glucose and galactose, respectively. During anaerobic growth in defined medium, complete activation of PFL was observed. Strikingly, although no formate was produced during aerobic growth of L. lactis, PFL protein was indeed detected under these conditions, in which the enzyme is dispensable due to the irreversible inactivation of PFL by oxygen. In contrast, no oxygenolytic cleavage was detected during aerobic growth in complex medium. This observation may be the result of either an effective PFL deactivase activity or the lack of PFL activation. In E. coli, the PFL deactivase activity resides in the multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase ADHE. It was shown that inL. lactis, ADHE does not participate in the protection of PFL against oxygen under the conditions analyzed. Our results provide evidence for major differences in the mechanisms of posttranslational regulation of PFL activity in E. coli and L. lactis.
The Mantle Transition Zone beneath the Afar Depression and Adjacent Regions: Implications for Mantle Plumes and Hydration

SUMMARY The Afar Depression and its adjacent areas are underlain by an upper mantle marked by some of the world’s largest negative velocity anomalies, which are frequently attributed to the thermal inﬂuences of a lower-mantle plume. In spite of numerous studies, however, the existence of a plume beneath the area remains enigmatic, partially due to inadequate quantities of broad-band seismic data and the limited vertical resolution at the mantle transition zone (MTZ) depth of the techniques employed by previous investigations. In this study, we use an unprecedented quantity (over 14 500) of P -to- S receiver functions (RFs) recorded by 139 stations from 12 networks to image the 410 and 660 km discontinuities and map the spatial variation of the thickness of the MTZ. Non-linear stacking of the RFs under a 1-D velocity model shows robust P -to- S conversions from both discontinuities, and their apparent depths indicate the presence of an upper-mantle low-velocity zone beneath the entire study area. The Afar Depression and the northern Main Ethiopian Rift are characterized by an apparent 40– 60 km depression of both MTZ discontinuities and a normal MTZ thickness. The simplest and most probable interpretation of these observations is that the apparent depressions are solely caused by velocity perturbations in the upper mantle and not by deeper processes causing temperature or hydration anomalies within the MTZ. Thickening of the MTZ on the order of 15 km beneath the southern Arabian Plate, southern Red Sea and western Gulf of Aden, which comprise the southward extension of the Afro-Arabian Dome, could reﬂect long-term hydration of the MTZ. A 20 km thinning of the MTZ beneath the western Ethiopian Plateau is observed and interpreted as evidence for a possible mantle plume stem originating from the lower mantle.
Classrooms in Peace: Preliminary Results of a Multi-component Program

Classrooms in Peace is aimed at preventing aggressive behaviors and promoting peaceful coexistence through 1) a curriculum for the development of citizenship competencies in the classroom; 2) extracurricular reinforcement in groups of two initially aggressive and four prosocial children; 3) workshops for, visits and phone calls to family mothers/fathers. A first implementation of the complete program showed a drastic decrease in aggressive behaviors and indiscipline and a considerable increase in prosocial behaviors, adherence to rules, and friendship networks among classmates. The combination of universal components and targeted components for those most in need seems to be highly valuable, especially in violent contexts.
A hierarchical network of interreceptor interactions determines signal transduction by Neu differentiation factor/neuregulin and epidermal growth factor

The ErbB family includes four homologous transmembrane tyrosine kinases. Whereas ErbB-1 binds to the epidermal growth factor (EGF), both ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 bind to the Neu differentiation factors (NDFs, or neuregulins), and ErbB-2, the most oncogenic family member, is an orphan receptor whose function is still unknown. Because previous lines of evidence indicated the existence of interreceptor interactions, we used ectopic expression of individual ErbB proteins and their combinations to analyze the details of receptor cross talks. We show that 8 of 10 possible homo-and heterodimeric complexes of ErbB proteins can be hierarchically induced by ligand binding. Although ErbB-2 binds neither ligand, even in a heterodimeric receptor complex, it is the preferred heterodimer partner of the three other members, and it favors interaction with ErbB-3. Selective receptor overexpression in human tumor cells appears to bias the hierarchical relationships. The ordered network is reflected in receptor transphosphorylation, ErbB-2-mediated enhancement of ligand affinities, and remarkable potentiation of mitogenesis by a coexpressed ErbB-2. The observed superior ability of ErbB-2 to form heterodimers, in conjunction with its uniquely high basal tyrosine kinase activity, may explain why ErbB-2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis.
Interpretive investigation of the science‐related career decisions of three African‐American college students

Reports published since 1977 indicate that African Americans are underrepresented among Ph.D.-holding scientists. Although researchers have identified numerous factors that correlate with career choice, they have failed to address students' reasons for choosing or not choosing science and science-related careers. This study examines the career decisions of three African-American college students. All three students began college aspiring toward science-related careers. However, by the end of data collection only one student was working toward a science-related career. Data were collected by means of eight, open-ended, 1-hour interviews conducted over a period of 6 months. Findings indicate that students' interest in a science-related career is directly related to the degree to which they perceive that career as being supportive of deep-seated life goals; and that a deeper view of the nature of science better enables students to perceive a science-related career as supportive of life goals. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 599–621, 2001
The Effect of Psychological Distance on Children’s Reasoning about Future Preferences

Young preschool-aged children often have difficulty thinking about the future, but tend to reason better about another person’s future than their own. This benefit may reflect psychological distance from one’s own emotions, beliefs, and states that may bias thinking. In adults, reasoning for others who are more socially distant (i.e., dissimilar, unfamiliar other) is associated with wiser and more adaptive reasoning. The current studies examined whether this effect of social distance could be demonstrated in young children’s future thinking. In a future preferences task, 3- and 4-year-olds were shown 5 pairs of child and adult items and selected which ones they would prefer when grown-up. Children answered for themselves, a socially close peer, or a socially distant peer. Social distance was manipulated by varying similarity in Study 1 and familiarity in Study 2. In Study 1, reasoning for similar and dissimilar peers was significantly more accurate than reasoning for the self, but reasoning for similar and dissimilar peers did not differ. In Study 2, scores showed a step-wise increase from self, familiar peer, to unfamiliar peer, but only reasoning for an unfamiliar peer was significantly better more accurate than reasoning for the self. Reasoning for a familiar peer did not differ from reasoning for the self or for an unfamiliar peer. These results suggest that, like adults, children benefit from psychological distance when reasoning for others, but are less sensitive to degrees of social distance, showing no graded effects on performance in Study 1 and weak effects in Study 2. Stronger adult-like effects may only emerge with increasing age and development of other socio-cognitive skills.
Protecting and Enhancing Eyewitness Memory: The Impact of an Initial Recall Attempt on Performance in an Investigative Interview

Evidence-gathering begins at the scene of an incident. Available witnesses may be asked to provide an account of what happened, either in response to an open request for information or, in some regions, by completing a Self-Administered Interview (SAI©). In both cases, an investigative interview may be conducted at some later date. This study sought to determine the impact of an initial retrieval attempt on a subsequent interview. After exposure to a mock crime, participants completed an SAI© or a free recall (FR), or did not engage in an initial retrieval (Control). One week later, participants were interviewed with a Cognitive Interview. SAI© participants reported more correct information and maintained higher accuracy than FR and Control participants. Consistency analyses revealed that the SAI© was effective because it preserved more of the originally recalled items (Time 1) than did an initial FR, and not because it yielded new recollections at Time 2.
Nuclear targeting of plasmid DNA in human corneal cells.

PURPOSE To characterize the mechanisms of plasmid DNA nuclear localization in primary cultures of human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes. METHODS Purified, supercoiled plasmid DNA was microinjected into the cytoplasm of human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes that had been established from donor corneas two to three passages previously, and localized 8 hours later by in situ hybridization. To confirm the sequence-specificity of nuclear import observed in microinjected cells, liposome-mediated transient transfection experiments also were performed on human corneal epithelial cell and keratocyte cultures. RESULTS Primary cultures of human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes have the capacity to transport plasmid DNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the absence of cell division. This transport activity is sequence-dependent requiring portions of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter and enhancer. The majority of this nuclear transport activity resides within the enhancer domain of the SV40 DNA, a region rich in transcription factor binding sites. This DNA nuclear import sequence also manifested itself in liposome-mediated transfection experiments, causing a greater than 2-fold increase in reporter gene expression in human corneal cells in a beta-galactosidase-expressing vector and up to a 1000-fold increase in a luciferase-expressing vector when compared to similar expression plasmids lacking the sequence. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that primary, non-transformed human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes display sequence-specific nuclear import of plasmid DNA in the absence of mitosis. The small sequence that mediates nuclear localization of plasmids is active both in microinjected and cationic liposome transfected cells, and leads to increased gene expression. Thus, inclusion of this DNA sequence into non-viral vectors should improve the efficiency of ocular gene transfer in vivo.
Fostering autonomy through work-based experiences: challenges for university students and educators

Higher education is increasingly recognizing the importance of developing students’ skills for work during their university careers; however work-based placements within the social sciences, whilst growing in popularity, remain relatively rare and little is known about how students experience this type of learning. This article describes the introduction of work-based experience modules, aiming to develop autonomous students who are equipped for the workplace, within a Social Science degree. It reports on a small-scale qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with students who took these modules and analysis of their assessed reports. The article highlights the challenges for both staff and students in fostering autonomy and ensuring that the support offered reflects students’ needs. The article details the courses’ systems of support and guidance for students, which helped overcome their fears of this new style of learning. We conclude that in introducing autonomous learning, initial apprehensions and uncertainties are to be expected, and that part of the developmental process is overcoming them.