Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation into workplace stress and the role of coaching

The aim with the current study was to investigate whether coaching could help to reduce perceived stress in the workplace. Part I of the study measured stress before and after coaching comparing a coaching (N=16) and a control group (N=15) in a sample of employees from a UK fmancial organisation. The results showed that the coaching did not significantly reduce stress. Part II of the study investigated the relationship between coaching and stress. Employees from the UK fmance organisation and from a Scandinavian telecommunications organisation participated (N=103). Stress levels were measured after coaching in a coaching and control group. Multiple regression analyses showed that participation in coaching did not have a relationship with lower stress levels. Nevertheless, high levels of coaching effectiveness were reported by the participants in both Part I and II of the study. Thus, the coaching appeared to be effective at tackling the specific issues targeted in coaching while failing to significantly reduce levels of stress. Part III of the study used a qualitative methodology. Employees from the participating organisations were interviewed about their experiences of coaching (N=9). The interviews were analysed by using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and four main themes emerged: management of stress - coaching helped to reduce stress indirectly; the coaching relationship - this relationship was found to be very important; confidence - coaching helped to increase confidence; and coaching = investment in staff - the provision of coaching was viewed as a sign that the employer cared for and valued their employees. The purpose of the case study was to outline the therapeutic intervention with a client suffering from workplace stress in a primary care setting. A cognitive behavioural approach (Beck, 1976; Beck, 1995) was used, and, accordingly, the therapeutic interventions focused on the client's cognitions, moods, behaviour and physiology. In addition, the client's work situation was explored and organisational stressors were identified. The critical literature review investigated literature relating to the impact of gender on the level of workplace stress. Many of the studies indicate that women report higher levels of stress, however, several studies report no difference between the genders. Furthermore, research and theory concerning working women and the stressors 'multiple roles', 'lack of career progress', and 'discrimination and stereotyping' were also reviewed. The evidence for the adverse effects of these stressors is inconsistent. Gaps and limitations of the research are discussed.
Low back disability among self-employed dentists, veterinarians, physicians and physical therapists in The Netherlands. A retrospective study over a 13-year period (N = 1,119) and an early intervention program with 1-year follow-up (N = 134).

This study was carried out among self-employed dentists, veterinarians, physicians and physical therapists insured against the financial consequences of disability by the insurance company Movir in Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. Disability for an individual was defined as a condition in which someone, due to illness or accident, regardless of the cause, is unable to pursue his/her profession, according to medical assessment. It concerned both short-term and long-term periods of sickness absence. The study consists of two parts: a) A retrospective investigation into the magnitude of the problem of low back disability from 1977 through 1989. b) A test of an early intervention program, introduced in 1990, involving a control group of low back disability claimants of 1987 and 1988 combined. Low back pain was the main cause of disability in 1,119 claims, submitted by 839 claimants. In 795 cases, this involved the first low back disability claim during the whole insurance period. The incidence of low back disability increased by 211 percent, from 3.48 per 1,000 persons at risk in 1977 to 7.35 in 1989. The costs of compensation for low back disability increased from 5.7 percent of the total compensation paid in 1977 to 13 percent in 1989. Nearly a quarter of the claims, all of which lasted longer than six months, accounted for 90 percent of the compensation costs of low back disability. The present study showed that in the case of veterinarians over 34 years of age and dentists over 44 years of age, specific low back pain, nonspecific low back pain in combination with a deferred period of 14 days or more, low back problems before acceptance, and the presence of psychosocial problems at the start of the disability were significantly associated with the duration of low back disability. This means that these "factors" predicted a longer duration. Based on the retrospective data, a predictive model of long-term low back disability was developed, which could be used for secondary prevention among the population studied. At termination of a first claim of low back disability, a deferred period of 30 days or more, and low back surgery at the first claim or before acceptance predicted a longer working period until a recurrence, while low back problems before acceptance had an inverse effect. The retrospective study demonstrated the effect of insurance factors on the incidence and the duration of low back disability, and on the recurrence rate. The higher the insured daily compensation, the higher the risk of claiming low back disability. A deferred period of 14 days or more decreased the risk of claiming low back disability. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
FPGA Implementation of AODV Routing Protocol in MANET

The ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol is a highly efficient routing protocol intended for use by mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. An mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is actually a collection of mobile nodes which can communicate with each other without any fixed infrastructure like the base station. AODV routing protocol adapts quickly to dynamic link conditions, it has low processing and memory overhead, low network utilization, and determines unicast routes to destinations. The main highlight of this protocol is the usage of destination sequence number which omits problems like counting to infinity problem or the formation of loops which are associated with other classical distance vector protocols. In this paper, the AODV protocol is implemented using hardware and the simulation and synthesis report of ad hoc routing protocol is presented. Implementing this in hardware will reduce the power consumption and delay time so that the mobile device's battery life time is extended in an unpredictable temporary communication network in case of an emergency like floods, earthquakes and on mountains where there is no scope for construction of required infrastructure and also helps in military applications
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Sequelae of Angiographic Peri-Stent Contrast Staining After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation

Background— We have noted abnormal angiographic findings—at the sites of drug-eluting stent implantation, suggesting contrast staining outside the stent struts—that do not fulfill the classic definition of coronary artery aneurysm. We propose a new term, peri-stent contrast staining (PSS), for these abnormal angiographic findings and assess their incidence, risk factors, and clinical sequelae. Methods and Results— Peri-stent contrast staining was defined as contrast staining outside the stent contour extending to ≥20% of the stent diameter. The study population consisted of 3081 lesions (1998 patients) that were treated exclusively with sirolimus-eluting stents and were evaluated by follow-up angiography within 12 months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in a single center. Late acquired PSS was observed in 58 lesions (1.9%) in 49 patients (2.5%). Independent risk factors of PSS included chronic total occlusion, whereas negative risk factors for PSS were left circumflex coronary artery lesion and in-stent restenosis lesion. Stent fracture was more frequently observed in lesions with PSS than in lesions without PSS (43.1% versus 5.4%, P<0.0001). Excluding 269 lesions with target-lesion revascularization within 12 months, the study population for long-term follow-up consisted of 51 lesions (42 patients) with PSS and 2761 lesions (1751 patients) without PSS. Cumulative incidence of target-lesion revascularization and definite very late stent thrombosis at 3 years in the PSS group was higher than that in the non-PSS group (15.0% versus 6.5%, and 8.2% versus 0.2%, respectively). Conclusions— Peri-stent contrast staining found within 12 months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation appeared to be associated with subsequent target-lesion revascularization and very late stent thrombosis.
Candidate Character Traits in Presidential Elections

1. Candidate Character Traits in Presidential Elections 2. Conceptualizing and Measuring Candidate Character Traits 3. Voter Perceptions of Candidate Character Traits 4. The Impact of Candidate Character Trait Perceptions on the Vote 5. The Formation of Candidate Character Trait Perceptions 6. Candidate Character Traits in the 2012 Presidential Election 7. Media Consumption, Character Trait Perceptions, and Voting 8. May the Best Person Win
Effects of FDA advisories on the pharmacologic treatment of ADHD, 2004-2008.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effect of public health advisories issued between 2005 and 2007 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on treatments of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and physician prescribing practices. METHODS Data obtained from the IMS Health National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative audit of ambulatory physicians, were used to examine trends in office visits by children and adolescents (under age 18) during which ADHD was treated with Adderall, other psychostimulants, or atomoxetine. Segmented time series regressions were conducted to determine changes in use associated with three advisories issued between 2005 and 2007. RESULTS In 2004, before the first FDA advisory, Adderall accounted for 36% of ADHD pharmacotherapy treatment visits. Other stimulants accounted for 46%, and atomoxetine accounted for 19%. Overall pharmacotherapy treatment rates were stable over the study period, but by 2008 the treatment visits accounted for by Adderall (that is, market share) declined to 24%, and the market share for atomoxetine declined to 8%. The market share for substitute therapies-clonidine, guanfacine, and bupropion-was stable over this period, ranging from 5% to 7%. Despite the declines in the use of Adderall and atomoxetine over the study period, results from the regression models suggest that the advisories did not have a statistically significant effect on ADHD medication prescribing. CONCLUSIONS FDA advisories regarding potential cardiovascular and other risks of ADHD medications had little discernible incremental effect on the use of these medicines in this nationally representative ambulatory audit.
Talking About Sex in Malawi: Toward a Better Understanding of Interpersonal Communication for HIV Prevention

The generalised AIDS epidemic in Malawi presents many challenges. As communication and advice from parents, peers, and partners are important factors in influencing sexual behaviour, understanding communication may provide insights into behaviour change programming. This mixed-method study used a household survey (n=1812) and 15 focus group discussions from the southern districts of Malawi to explore communication about sex and sexuality. Quantitative study findings point to the idea that self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and injunctive norms about talking about condom use are important factors influencing intentions to discuss condom use with partners. Qualitative study findings found that communication regarding sex between parents and children, partners, and peers was not common, and when there was communication, messages about sex focused on negative consequences of sexual activity. In Malawi, there is a need to increase efficacy in talking about sex and protective sexual behaviours, including condom use. Interventions should include components to increase communication skills, shift norms about sexual communication, and provide alternative mechanisms for individuals to gather pertinent information regarding their sexual behaviour.
In Vitro Studies of Calcium Phosphate Glass Ceramics with Different Solubility with the Use of Human Bone Marrow Cells

Two glass ceramics in the CaO-P 2 O 5-MgO system with the incorporation of K 2 O or TiO 2 oxides were prepared with the goal of using them as potential bone graft substitutes. The incorporation of TiO 2 and K 2 O led to the preparation of specific crystalline phases in the structure of the glass ceramics, which show different degrees of biodeg-radation. In fact, the 45CaO-45P 2 O 5-5MgO-5K 2 O has been previously demonstrated to be much more soluble in aque-ous solutions than the 45CaO-37P 2 O 5-5MgO-13TiO 2 glass ceramic. The in vitro biological activity of the two calcium phosphate glass ceramics was studied with the use of human bone marrow osteoblast cell cultures maintained for 28 days, and seeded materials were assessed for cell proliferation and function. The Ti-containing glass ceramic showed a stable surface throughout the culture time, on macroscopic and SEM observation. Osteoblast cells proliferated gradually , especially during the third week, with a high alkaline phosphatase activity and formation of a mineralized matrix. On SEM observation, attached cells appeared with a spread-polygonal morphology typical of the osteoblast cells, with extensive cell-to-cell contact. Cell behavior on the seeded material was similar to that found on cultures performed on tissue-culture-grade polystyrene; except for the presence of lower cell numbers during the first 2 weeks. By contrast, the K-containing glass ceramic showed a highly instable surface with dissolution/precipitation processes occurring throughout the culture time. Few cells adhered to the material surface, and subsequent proliferation was also hindered, especially from the first week onwards. Cell numbers were significantly lower than those observed in the Ti-containing glass ceramic during most of the incubation time. Results suggest that the different in vitro biological behavior of these two glass ceramics is mainly due to the significant differences in the surface degradation rate, which is directly correlated to the chemical composition of the mother glass.
Tri-bimaximal lepton mixing from symmetry only

We construct a model for tri-bimaximal lepton mixing which employs only family symmetries and their soft breaking; neither vacuum alignment nor supersymmetry, extra dimensions, or non-renormalizable terms are used in our model. It is an extension of the Standard Model making use of the seesaw mechanism with five right-handed neutrino singlets. The scalar sector comprises four Higgs doublets and one complex gauge singlet. The horizontal symmetry of our model is based on the permutation group S3 of the lepton families together with the three family lepton numbers—united this constitutes a symmetry group Δ(6∞2). The model makes no predictions for the neutrino masses.
Neutrophils and Neutrophil Products Do Not Mediate Pulmonary Hemodynamic Effects of Endotoxin on Oleic Acid-Induced Lung Injury

Small-dose endotoxin (Etx) prevents pulmonary perfusion redistribution away from edematous dorsal lung regions after oleic acid (OA)-induced injury in dogs, causing a significant deterioration in oxygenation. We hypothesized that small-dose Etx might mediate this effect via polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming with release of inflammatory mediators such as platelet activating factor (PAF) or secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). To test this hypothesis, we administered specific inhibitors directed against each mediator and used two strategies to generate neutropenia. PAF and sPLA2 inhibitors were administered before OA injury, followed 2 h later by small-dose Etx (n = 4 each group). PMN depletion was achieved by hydroxyurea administration for 5 days before the study to achieve absolute neutrophil counts <1000/mm3 (n = 4). Inhibition of PMN adherence to lung endothelium was achieved by the administration of an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody immediately before lung injury (n = 5). Positron emission tomography was used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion distribution and lung water content. We observed no effect of these interventions on the perfusion pattern after Etx + OA. Thus, neither neutrophils nor PAF or sPLA2 mediate the effects of Etx on the pattern of perfusion in this model of lung injury.
Longitudinal qualitative study describing family physicians’ experiences with attempting to integrate physical activity prescriptions in their practice: ‘It’s not easy to change habits’

Objective Physical activity (PA) prescriptions provided by family physicians can promote PA participation among patients, but few physicians regularly write PA prescriptions. The objective of this study was to describe family physicians’ experiences of trying to implement written PA prescriptions into their practice. Design Longitudinal qualitative study where participants were interviewed four times during a 12-month period. After the first interview, they were provided with PA prescription pads. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Setting Family medicine clinics in New Brunswick, Canada. Participants Family physicians (n=11) with no prior experience writing PA prescriptions, but who expressed interest in changing their practice to implement written PA prescriptions. Results Initially, participants exhibited confidence in their ability to write PA prescriptions in the future and intended to write prescriptions. However, data from the follow-up interviews indicated that the rate of implementation was lower than anticipated by participants and prescriptions were not part of their regular practice. Two themes emerged as factors explaining the gap between their intentions and behaviours: (1) uncertainty about the effectiveness of written PA prescription, and (2) practical concerns (eg, changing well-established habits, time constraints, systemic institutional barriers). Conclusion It may be effective to increase awareness among family physicians about the effectiveness of writing PA prescriptions and address barriers related to how their practice is organised in order to promote written PA prescription rates.
Human Exercise-Induced Circulating Progenitor Cell Mobilization Is Nitric Oxide-Dependent and Is Blunted in South Asian Men

Objective—Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) have emerged as potential mediators of vascular repair. In experimental models, CPC mobilization is critically dependent on nitric oxide (NO). South Asian ethnicity is associated with reduced CPC. We assessed CPC mobilization in response to exercise in Asian men and examined the role of NO in CPC mobilization per se. Methods and Results—In 15 healthy, white European men and 15 matched South Asian men, CPC mobilization was assessed during moderate-intensity exercise. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation was used to assess NO bioavailability. To determine the role of NO in CPC mobilization, identical exercise studies were performed during intravenous separate infusions of saline, the NO synthase inhibitor l-NMMA, and norepinephrine. Flow-mediated vasodilatation (5.8%±0.4% vs 7.9%±0.5%; P=0.002) and CPC mobilization (CD34+/KDR+ 53.2% vs 85.4%; P=0.001; CD133+/CD34+/KDR+ 48.4% vs 73.9%; P=0.05; and CD34+/CD45− 49.3% vs 78.4; P=0.006) was blunted in the South Asian group. CPC mobilization correlated with flow-mediated vasodilatation and l-NMMA significantly reduced exercise-induced CPC mobilization (CD34+/KDR+ −3.3% vs 68.4%; CD133+/CD34+/KDR+ 0.7% vs 71.4%; and CD34+/CD45− −30.5% vs 77.8%; all P<0.001). Conclusion—In humans, NO is critical for CPC mobilization in response to exercise. Reduced NO bioavailability may contribute to imbalance between vascular damage and repair mechanisms in South Asian men.
A Hospital Epidemic of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Risk Factors and Control

Abstbact Objective: To determine risk factors for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization during a hospital outbreak and to evaluate Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended control measures. Design: Epidemiological study involving prospective identification of colonization and a case-control study. Setting: A university hospital. Participants: Patients on eight wards involved in outbreak from late 1994 through early 1995. Methods: Cases were matched by ward and culture date with up to two controls. Risk factors were evaluated with four multivariate models using conditional logistic regression. The first evaluated proximity to other VRE patients and isolation status. The second evaluated proximity to unisolated VRE cases and three variables independently predictive after adjustment for proximity. The third evaluated seven significant univariate predictors in addition to proximity to unisolated VRE in backward, stepwise logistic regression. The fourth assessed proximity to VRE with all other variables collected, clustered in a principal components analysis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to assess clonality of two outbreak strains. Results: The incidence of transmission declined significantly after CDC guidelines were implemented. Proximity to unisolated VRE cases during the prior week was a significant predictor of acquisition in each of four multivariate models. Other significant risk factors in multivariate models included a history of major trauma and treatment with metronidazole. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the clonality of two outbreak strains. Conclusions: VRE was transmitted between patients during a hospital epidemic, with proximity to previously unisolated VRE patients being an important risk factor. Weekly surveillance cultures and contact isolation of colonized patients significantly reduced spread.
Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate Plays Critical Roles in the Neuronal Migration in the Cerebral Cortex*

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans bind with various proteins through CS chains in a CS structure-dependent manner, in which oversulfated structures, such as iB (IdoA(2-O-sulfate)α1–3GalNAc(4-O-sulfate)), D (GlcA(2-O-sulfate)β1–3GalNAc(6-O-sulfate)), and E (GlcAβ1–3GalNAc(4,6-O-disulfate)) units constitute the critical functional module. In this study, we examined the expression and function of three CS sulfotransferases in the developing neocortex: uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (UST), N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (4,6-ST) and dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (D4-ST), which are responsible for the synthesis of oversulfated structures. The CS chains of the neocortex of mouse embryos contained significant amounts of D and E units that are generated by UST and 4,6-ST, respectively. UST and 4,6-ST mRNAs were expressed in the ventricular and subventricular zones, and their expression increased during late embryonic development. In utero electroporation experiments indicated that knockdown of UST and 4,6-ST resulted in the disturbed migration of cortical neurons. The neurons electroporated with the short hairpin RNA constructs of UST and 4,6-ST accumulated in the lower intermediate zone and in the subventricular zone, showing a multipolar morphology. The cDNA constructs of UST and 4,6-ST rescued the defects caused by the RNA interference, and the neurons were able to migrate radially. On the other hand, knockdown of D4-ST, which is involved in the biosynthesis of the iB unit, caused no migratory defects. These results revealed that specific oversulfated structures in CS chains play critical roles in the migration of neuronal precursors during cortical development.