Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of Health-Risk Behaviors and Health Cognition With Sexual Orientation Among Adolescents in School

AbstractHomosexual adolescents may face significant health disparities. We examined health-risk behaviors and health cognition related to homosexual behavior in a representative sample of adolescents.Data were obtained from 129,900 adolescents between 2008 and 2012 over 5 cycles of the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a national survey of students in grades 7 to 12. Various health-risk behaviors and aspects of health cognition were compared between homosexual and heterosexual adolescents and analyzed with multiple logistic regression models.Compared with heterosexual adolescents (n = 127,594), homosexual adolescents (n = 2306) were more likely to engage in various health-risk behaviors and to have poor health cognition. In multiple logistic regression analysis, not living with parents, alcohol experience (adjusted odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–1.78 for males and 1.66; 1.33–2.07 for females), smoking experience (1.80; 1.54–2.10 for males and 3.15; 2.61–3.79 for females), and drug experience (3.65; 2.81–4.80 for males and 3.23; 2.35–4.46 for females) were associated with homosexual behavior. Homosexual adolescents were more likely to use adult internet content (2.82; 2.27–3.50 for males and 7.42; 4.19–13.15 for females), and to be depressed (1.21; 1.03–1.43 for males and 1.32; 1.06–1.64 for females). In addition, suicide ideation (1.51; 1.26–1.81 for males and 1.47; 1.16–1.86 for females) and attempts (1.67; 1.37–2.05 for males and 1.65; 1.34–2.03 for females) were significantly more prevalent among homosexual adolescents.Homosexual adolescents report disparities in various aspects of health-risk behavior and health cognition, including use of multiple substances, adult internet content and inappropriate weight loss methods, suicide ideation and attempts, and depressive mood. These factors should be addressed relevantly to develop specific interventions regarding sexual minorities.
A Fully Mass and Volume Conserving Implementation of a Characteristic Method for Transport Problems

The characteristics-mixed method considers the transport not of a single point or fluid particle, but rather the mass in an entire region of fluid. This mass is transported along the characteristic curves of the hyperbolic part of the transport equation, and the scheme thereby produces very little numerical dispersion, conserves mass locally, and can use long time steps. However, since the shape of a characteristic trace-back region must be approximated in numerical implementation, its volume may be incorrect, resulting in inaccurate concentration densities and, further, inaccurate reaction dynamics. We present a simple modification to the characteristics-mixed method that conserves both mass and volume of the transported fluid regions. Our algorithm also handles boundary conditions through a space-time change of variables in the trace-back routines, which allows the boundary to be treated as if it were interior to the domain. Nearly point sources, such as wells, present special difficulties, since characteristic trace-back curves converge in their vicinity. We also present techniques that allow one to conservatively implement wells. The techniques are illustrated in five numerical examples.
Ju n 20 08 Modeling and estimation of conditional excesses

We investigate conditions for the existence of the limiting distribution of a bivariate random vector when one component becomes large. We revisit the existing literature on the topic, and present some new sufficient conditions. We focus on conditions which can be expressed in terms of geometric properties of the level curves of the density of the random vector. When the limiting conditional distribution exists, we propose consistent nonparametric estimators of this distribution and of the related normalizing sequences. We also provide a semi-parametric extrapolation procedure that allows the estimation of conditional probabilities when the conditioning event is extreme. A small simulation study illustrates our results.
Design of novel artemisinin-like derivatives with cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic properties

Artemisinins are plant products with a wide range of medicinal applications. Most prominently, artesunate is a well tolerated and effective drug for treating malaria, but is also active against several protozoal and schistosomal infections, and additionally exhibits anti‐angiogenic, anti‐tumorigenic and anti‐viral properties. The array of activities of the artemisinins, and the recent emergence of malaria resistance to artesunate, prompted us to synthesize and evaluate several novel artemisinin‐like derivatives. Sixteen distinct derivatives were therefore synthesized and the in vitro cytotoxic effects of each were tested with different cell lines. The in vivo anti‐angiogenic properties were evaluated using a zebrafish embryo model. We herein report the identification of several novel artemisinin‐like compounds that are easily synthesized, stable at room temperature, may overcome drug‐resistance pathways and are more active in vitro and in vivo than the commonly used artesunate. These promising findings raise the hopes of identifying safer and more effective strategies to treat a range of infections and cancer.
Corporate social responsibility and its prospect for community development in Ethiopia

This study uncovers the experiences of LG’s community development project in Ethiopia. A total of 24 community members participated in the study. Qualitative interviews were conducted to collect data on the experiences, satisfaction and complaints of community members on the community development project of LG. Findings indicate LG’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) project is tuned to the needs of the communities, reflecting a deviation from the mainstream CSR agenda. The study shows CSR becomes an important interface between government and local communities. The study concludes that the project can be exemplary in that it demonstrates business corporations have the capacity to address the pressing needs of communities.
Is Face Processing Species-Specific During the First Year of Life?

Between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the same ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds decreases. Our study aimed to determine whether this perceptual narrowing is unique to language or might also apply to face processing. We tested discrimination of human and monkey faces by 6-month-olds, 9-month-olds, and adults, using the visual paired-comparison procedure. Only the youngest group showed discrimination between individuals of both species; older infants and adults only showed evidence of discrimination of their own species. These results suggest that the “perceptual narrowing” phenomenon may represent a more general change in neural networks involved in early cognition.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Tenaga Kependidikan

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of transformational leadership on the work spirit of educational staf, the effect of work environment on the works spirit of educational staf, the effect of transformational leadership and work environment on the work spirit of educational staf of Riau Kepulauan University, with population of 76 educational staf. This research method using questionnaire, Mutile Linear Regression with SPSS statistic tool. The sampling technique used the census, the entire population was studied. The result of this research are: Transformational Leadership has no significant effect on work spirit with the value of Sig. 0,217. Work environment has significant effect on Â work spirit with the value of Sig. 0,004, Transformational Leadership and Work Environment have no significant effect on work spirit with the value of Sig. 0,429. Â Keywords: Leadership; Work Condition; Work Spirit . Â Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap semangat kerja tenaga kependidikan, pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap semangat kerja tenaga kependidikan dan pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan lingkungan kerja terhadap semangat kerja tenaga kependidikan. Objek penelitian ini adalah tenaga kependidikan Universitas Riau Kepulauan dengan populasi 76 tenaga kependidikan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner dengan menggunakan Resgresi Linier Berganda dengan alat uji statistic SPSS. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan sensus, seluruh populasi diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Kepemimpinan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap Semangat Kerja dengan nilai Sig 0,217 , Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Semangat Kerja dengan nilai Sig -0,004 , Kepemimpinan dan Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap semangat kerja dengan nili Sig 0,429 . Â Katakunci: Kepemimpinan; Lingkungan Kerja; Semangat Kerj a.
GFR prediction using the MDRD and Cockcroft and Gault equations in patients with end-stage renal disease.

BACKGROUND Although prediction equations are recommended to determine GFR and creatinine clearance (CrCl), neither the MDRD equations nor the Cockcroft and Gault formula have been validated for the low levels of GFR present in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The accuracy of the MDRD equations and the Cockcroft and Gault formula in predicting GFR and CrCl, respectively, was examined in patients with ESRD and its relationship to the basal GFR and two markers of malnutrition, urinary creatinine and body fat determined. METHODS Inulin clearance (C(in)) was measured in 26 non-diabetic patients with ESRD and the 24 h CrCl determined. GFR was predicted using three equations derived from the MDRD study population containing four to six variables. Both CrCl and GFR were predicted from the Cockcroft and Gault formula. Estimates of bias and precision were obtained and Bland and Altman analysis performed. Body fat was measured by DEXA scan. RESULTS The predicted GFR (MDRD) was 10% lower than C(in) (8.83+/-0.71 ml/min/1.73 m2) with all three MDRD equations, showing a similar degree of precision and bias. C(in) gave a negative correlation with the difference between the predicted GFR (MDRD) and the measured GFR. The predicted GFR (MDRD) underestimated GFR when C(in) >8 ml/min/1.73 m2 but overestimated GFR when C(in) <8 ml/min/1.73 m2. The Cockcroft and Gault formula overestimated CrCl by 14% and overestimated C(in) by 35%. C(in) gave a negative correlation with the difference between the predicted GFR (Cockcroft and Gault) and measured GFR, overestimating GFR when C(in) <13 ml/min/1.73 m2. The overestimation of GFR by the MDRD equation was not associated with urinary creatinine excretion. However, both Cockcroft and Gault and the MDRD predictions showed a positive, but weak, correlation with body fat. CONCLUSION The MDRD equations were more accurate in predicting the group mean GFR in patients with ESRD than the Cockcroft and Gault formula. However, the predicted GFR using either formula was related to the basal GFR and percentage body fat.
The spasticity paradox: movement disorder or disorder of resting limbs?

Background: Spasticity is defined/assessed in resting limbs, where increased stretch reflex activity and mechanical joint resistance are evident. Treatment with antispastic agents assumes that these features contribute to the movement disorder, although it is unclear whether they persist during voluntary contraction. Objectives: To compare reflex amplitude and joint resistance in spastic and normal limbs over an equivalent range of background contraction. Methods: Thirteen normal and eight hemiparetic subjects with mild/moderate spasticity and without significant contracture were studied. Reflex and passive joint resistance were compared at rest and during six small increments of biceps voluntary contraction, up to 15% of normal maximum. A novel approach was used to match contraction levels between groups. Results: Reflex amplitude and joint mechanical resistance were linearly related to contraction in both groups. The slopes of these relations were not above normal in the spastic subjects on linear regression. Thus, reflex amplitude and joint resistance were not different between groups over a comparable range of contraction levels. Spastic subjects exhibited a smaller range of reflex modulation than normals because of decreased maximal contraction levels (weakness) and significant increases of resting contraction levels. Conclusions: Spasticity was most evident at rest because subjects could not reduce background contraction to normal. When background contractions were matched to normal levels, no evidence of exaggerated reflex activity or mechanical resistance was found. Instead, reduced capacity to modulate reflex activity dynamically over the normal range may contribute to the movement disorder. This finding does not support the routine use of antispastic agents to treat the movement disorder.
Why Do Adolescents Use Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies? The Role of Perceived Effectiveness, Distress Tolerance, and Impulsivity

Why Do Adolescents Use Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies? The Role of Perceived Effectiveness, Distress Tolerance, and Impulsivity Karena M. Moran Much is known about outcomes associated with adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. However, less research has explored predictors of strategy use. The present study examined perceived effectiveness of strategies (i.e., how effective individuals believe a strategy is at decreasing negative affect or increasing positive affect) as a predictor of strategy use. The sample of 139 adolescents (Mage =15.50, 60.4% male) reported their use of regulatory strategies for positive and negative emotions and how effective they believed each strategy was at changing their emotional state in the desired direction (i.e., more positive, less negative). Strategies were aggregated into adaptive and maladaptive scales for each affective type. Covarying age and gender, four hierarchical linear regression models revealed that perceived effectiveness was significantly associated with strategy use. These findings indicate that adolescents’ perceived effectiveness of strategies is a strong predictor of strategy use, which may have important educational and clinical implications.
A mixed equation-based and simulation-based design methodology for continuous-time sigma-delta modulators

This paper presents a design automation tool for continuous-time sigma-delta modulators from high level specifications down to layout. System level synthesis, circuit synthesis as well as layout synthesis are performed in the CAIRO+ design environment. Strong interaction between the system level and the circuit level is used to optimize the final design. The design of a complete third order current-mode continuous-time sigma-delta modulator is taken as an example to show the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology.
A common variant within the HNF1B gene is associated with overall survival of multiple myeloma patients: Results from the IMMEnSE consortium and meta-analysis

Diabetogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have recently been associated with multiple myeloma (MM) risk but their impact on overall survival (OS) of MM patients has not been analysed yet. In order to investigate the impact of 58 GWAS-identified variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) on OS of patients with MM, we analysed genotyping data of 936 MM patients collected by the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMENSE) consortium and an independent set of 700 MM patients recruited by the University Clinic of Heidelberg. A meta-analysis of the cox regression results of the two sets showed that rs7501939 located in the HNF1B gene negatively impacted OS (HRRec= 1.44, 95% CI = 1.18–1.76, P = 0.0001). The meta-analysis also showed a noteworthy gender-specific association of the SLC30A8rs13266634 SNP with OS. The presence of each additional copy of the minor allele at rs13266634 was associated with poor OS in men whereas no association was seen in women (HRMen-Add = 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.54, P = 0.0003). In conclusion, these data suggest that the HNF1Brs7501939 SNP confers poor OS in patients with MM and that a SNP in SLC30A8 affect OS in men.
Agency Costs and Corporate Valuation : Evidence from Initial Public Offerings

This study examines whether agency costs influence corporate valuation at the time of the Initial Public Offering (IPO). Using a sample of 111 IPOs on Euronext Amsterdam during the period 1984-1999 we find support for this conjecture. Management stock ownership, the proportion of independent supervisory directors and monitoring by large nonmanagement shareholders are positively related to IPO firm value. This suggests that these mechanisms are successful in reducing agency costs and are factored into the price that investors are willing to pay for IPO shares. We also find that supermajority management stock ownership and takeover defenses lower IPO firm value. We infer that supermajority ownership and takeover defenses increase agency costs resulting in a lower price that investors are willing to pay for IPO shares.
Active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and bone health in middle-aged and elderly men: the European Male Aging Study (EMAS).

CONTEXT There is little information on the potential impact of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] on bone health including turnover. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the influence of 1,25(OH)2D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] on bone health in middle-aged and older European men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Men aged 40-79 years were recruited from population registers in 8 European centers. Subjects completed questionnaires that included questions concerning lifestyle and were invited to attend for quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the heel, assessment of height and weight, and a fasting blood sample from which 1,25(OH)2D, 25(OH)D, and PTH were measured. 1,25(OH)2D was measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Bone markers serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and crosslinks (β-cTX) were also measured. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine was performed in 2 centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) QUS of the heel, bone markers P1NP and β-cTX, and DXA of the hip and lumbar spine were measured. RESULTS A total of 2783 men, mean age 60.0 years (SD 11.0) were included in the analysis. After adjustment for age and center, 1,25(OH)2D was positively associated with 25(OH)D but not with PTH. 25(OH)D was negatively associated with PTH. After adjustment for age, center, height, weight, lifestyle factors, and season, 1,25(OH)2D was associated negatively with QUS and DXA parameters and associated positively with β-cTX. 1,25(OH)2D was not correlated with P1NP. 25(OH)D was positively associated with the QUS and DXA parameters but not related to either bone turnover marker. Subjects with both high 1,25(OH)2D (upper tertile) and low 25(OH)D (lower tertile) had the lowest QUS and DXA parameters and the highest β-cTX levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum 1,25(OH)2D is associated with higher bone turnover and poorer bone health despite being positively related to 25(OH)D. A combination of high 1,25(OH)2D and low 25(OH)D is associated with the poorest bone health.
Theory of Mind and Its Brain Distribution in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to infer another’s mental state. With appropriate ToM, one can behave well in social interactions. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may damage ToM by affecting on regions of the underlying neural network of ToM. However, the question of whether there is cerebral laterality for ToM functions remains open. This study aimed to examine whether there is cerebral lateralization for ToM abilities in TLE patients. Sixty-seven adult TLE patients and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Patients were classified into right (RTLE), left (LTLE), and bilateral (BTLE) TLE groups on the basis of a consensus panel review of their seizure semiology, EEG findings, and brain imaging results. All participants completed an intellectual test and four tasks measuring basic and advanced ToM. The results showed that, on all ToM tasks, (1) each patient group performed worse than HC; (2) there were no significant differences between LTLE and RTLE groups; and (3) the BTLE group performed the worst. It appears that the neural network responsible for ToM is distributed evenly between the cerebral hemispheres. Keywords—Cerebral lateralization, social cognition, temporal lobe epilepsy, theory of mind.
Semantic Ambiguity Effects in Word Identification

The influence of semantic ambiguity on word identification processes was explored in a series of word naming and lexical-decision experiments. There was no reliable ambiguity effect in 2 naming experiments, although an ambiguity advantage in lexical decision was obtained when orthographically legal nonwords were used. No ambiguity effect was found in iexical decision when orthographically illegal nonwords were used, implying a semantic locus for the ambiguity advantage. These results were simulated by using a distributed memory model that also produces the ambiguity disadvantage in gaze duration that has been obtained with a reading comprehension task. Ambiguity effects in the model arise from the model's attempt to activate multiple meanings of an ambiguous word in response to presentation of that word's orthographic pattern. Reasons for discrepancies in empirical results and implications for distributed memory models are considered.
Stride Length: A reactive response to prolonged exertion potentially effecting ball velocity among baseball pitchers

This study assessed pitching performance by examining variability in ball velocities among skilled pitchers over two simulated games, where stride lengths were altered while monitoring the effect of fatigue on performance. Nineteen competitive pitchers were randomly assigned to pitch two simulated, 80-pitch games, at ±25% of their desired stride lengths while throwing a ratio of 3 fastballs for every change-up, or off-speed pitch. Conventional motion capture tracked 3D throwing biomechanics while the velocity of every pitch was simultaneously monitored using a professional radar gun. Seventy-two hours rest was allocated between games. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA tested the effect of stride length and the number of innings pitched on ball velocity, while pairwise t-tests were used to compare between conditions variables. Ball velocities for the fastball (mean and peak) and change-up (mean and min) were significantly different (p<0.001). Despite over/under-stride lengths were statistically different from the desired stride, within and between subjects ball velocity variability (BVV) and ball velocity differentials (BVD) were no different within the same pitch type. Compensatory throwing mechanics owing to altered stride lengths had no influence on ball velocity, meaning fastball and change-up velocities could be maintained while fatigued.
The MathSAT 4 SMT Solver ( Tool Paper )

We present MathSAT 4, a state-of-the-art SMT solver. MathSAT 4 handles several useful theories: (combinations of) equality and uninterpreted functions, difference logic, linear arithmetic, and the theory of bit-vectors. It was explicitly designed for being used in formal verification, and thus provides functionalities which extend the applicability of SMT in this setting. In particular: model generation (for counterexample reconstruction), model enumeration (for predicate abstraction), an incremental interface (for BMC), and computation of unsatisfiable cores and Craig interpolants (for abstraction refinement).