Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preferring the Mighty to the Meek: Toddlers Prefer Novel Dominant Agents

Every human society includes social hierarchies-- relationships between individuals and groups of unequal rank or status. Recent research has shown that even preverbal infants represent hierarchical relationships, expecting larger agents and agents from larger groups to win dominance contests. However, to successfully navigate social hierarchies, infants must also integrate information about social rank into their own behavior, such as when deciding which individuals to approach and which to avoid. Here we demonstrate that two-year-old children (ages 21-31 months) preferred novel dominant agents to subordinates. That is, by the age of 21 months, toddlers not only use phylogenetically stable cues to predict the winner of dominance contests, they also like the dominant agents better. This finding suggests that young children use their ability to infer relative rank to selectively approach dominant individuals.
Spatially Resolved Low-Frequency Very Large Array Observations of the Supernova Remnant 3C 391

We present VLA images of the supernova remnant (SNR) 3C 391 at 74, 330, and 1465 MHz. This remnant has been known for some time to exhibit a turnover in its integrated radio continuum spectrum at frequencies <100 MHz, indicative of free-free absorption from thermal ionized gas along the line of sight. For the first time, our data reveal the spatially resolved morphology of the low-frequency free-free absorption with a resolution of ∼70″. Contrary to the expectation that such absorption arises from unrelated low-density H II regions (or their envelopes) along the line of sight, these data suggest that in this case the absorbing medium is directly linked to the SNR itself. 3C 391 has been shown in a number of recent papers to be interacting with a molecular cloud. Indeed, it exhibits a number of signposts of SNR/molecular cloud shocks, including OH (1720 MHz) masers and broad molecular emission lines. Comparison of the regions of strongest 74 MHz absorption with existing X-ray, IR, and molecular data suggests that the free-free absorption originates from the SNR/molecular cloud shock boundaries due to ionized gas created from the passage of a J-type shock with a speed of ∼100 km s-1. This makes it only the second SNR for which such (extrinsic) spatially resolved absorption has been measured and the only one for which the absorption is thought to arise from a SNR/molecular cloud interface region.
Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems in the Construction Industry

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is now being hailed as a foundation for the integration of organization-wide information systems. ERP systems link together an entire organization's operations such as accounting, finance, human resources, manufacturing and distribution, etc. Moreover, they also connect the organization to its customers and suppliers through the different stages of the product or process life cycle. There are very few studies conducted about the implementation of ERP systems in the construction industry, particularly for the construction contractors. The focus so far has been on client organizations, engineering and design firms. The objective of this paper is to investigate the suitability and the implementation status of ERP systems in contractor firms. The methodology employed is a mix of literature review, case studies and detailed questionnaire survey. It was found that the majority of contractor firms have awareness about ERP but very few organizations have so far implemented an internal system. The major reason is that the implementation of an ERP system requires a large investment in time, money and resources. However, when implemented to solve the right problems, these ERP systems can be a powerful tool for business improvement. This study sheds light on the barriers to the implementation of ERP systems in the construction industry and also highlights valuable lessons learned and benefits gained by companies that have such systems in place.
Identification of gustatory-olfactory flavor mixtures: effects of linguistic labeling.

Two experiments, using different ranges and numbers of stimuli, examined how linguistic labels affect the identification of flavor mixtures containing different proportions of sucrose (gustatory flavorant) and citral (olfactory flavorant). Both experiments asked subjects to identify each stimulus as having either "mostly sugar" or "mostly citrus. " In one condition, no labels preceded the flavor stimuli. In another condition, each flavor stimulus followed a label, either SUGAR or CITRUS, which, the subjects were informed, usually though not always named the stronger flavor component; that is, the labels were probabilistically valid. The results of both experiments showed that the labels systematically modified the identification responses: Subjects responded "sugar" or "citrus" more often when the flavor stimulus followed the corresponding label, SUGAR or CITRUS. But the labels hardly affected overall accuracy of identification. Accuracy was possibly limited, however, by both the confusability of the flavor stimuli per se and the way that confusability could limit the opportunity to discern the probabilistic associations between labels and individual flavor stimuli. We describe the results in terms of a decision-theoretic model, in which labels induce shifts in response criteria governing the identification responses, or possibly effect changes in the sensory representations of the flavorants themselves.
SemEval-2007 Task 14: Affective Text

The "Affective Text" task focuses on the classification of emotions and valence (positive/negative polarity) in news headlines, and is meant as an exploration of the connection between emotions and lexical semantics. In this paper, we describe the data set used in the evaluation and the results obtained by the participating systems.
Transformer Inrush Currents

This article presents the harmonic analysis of transformer inrush currents in offshore power systems. Offshore production facilities interconnected by subsea cables are becoming increasingly common, either as new projects or as extensions to existing facilities. Interconnection via a subsea cable introduces a significant shunt capacitance to the source power system, giving rise to low natural or resonant frequency. One source of harmonic currents is the system transformer. When initially energized, the transformer may draw a transient inrush current that contains all harmonic components. If one of the harmonic components in the inrush current is close to the resonant frequency of the power system depending upon the damping levels, a sustained overvoltage may be produced. This has recently caused operational problems on a number of newly interconnected offshore systems. Analysis tools and methodologies are presented in this article that can be used during detailed engineering design to assess the likelihood of such dangerous events and to identify whether mitigation is required, long before the problems are encountered during system commissioning.
Serum uric acid as a predictor of mortality and future exacerbations of COPD

Serum uric acid is increased in respiratory disease, especially in the presence of hypoxia and systemic inflammation. We evaluated serum uric acid as a biomarker for prediction of mortality and future acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Serum uric acid was measured in 314 eligible consecutive patients on admission for AECOPD. Patients were evaluated monthly for 1 year. Uric acid levels were higher in patients with more severe airflow limitation and in those experiencing frequent exacerbations. High uric acid levels (≥6.9 mg·dL−1) were an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR 1.317, 95% CI 1.011–1.736; p=0.044), but not of 1-year mortality. Patients with high serum uric acid required more prolonged hospitalisation, and more often needed noninvasive ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit within 30 days. In addition, high uric acid levels were associated with increased risk and hospitalisation for AECOPD in 1 year in multivariate Poisson regression analysis (incidence rate ratio 1.184 (95% CI 1.125–1.246) and 1.190 (95% CI 1.105–1.282), respectively; both p<0.001). Serum uric acid is associated with increased 30-day mortality and risk for AECOPD and hospitalisations in 1-year follow-up. This low-cost biomarker may be useful in the identification of high-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that could benefit from intensive management. Serum uric acid was linked with airflow limitation in COPD and predicted mortality and future exacerbations http://ow.ly/qflaZ
Application of the wave based prediction technique for the analysis of the coupled vibro-acoustic behaviour of a 3D cavity

In the automotive industry, vehicle interior acoustics has become an important design criterion. Both legal restrictions and the growing demand for comfort, force the car manufacturers to optimize the vibro-acoustic behaviour of their products. The tendency to minimise the number of physical prototypes and to reduce the overall development cost and time, as well as the high performance of modern computer resources, clear the path for numerical prediction techniques to drive the noise, vibration and harshness optimization. The most commonly used numerical prediction techniques for vibro-acoustics are the element based methods, such as the finite element method and the boundary element method, and the statistical energy analysis method. However, the element based methods are only applicable in the lower frequency range and the statistical energy analysis method in the higher frequency range, leaving a frequency band, which is called the mid-frequency gap, for which no effective prediction technique is available at this moment. The wave based prediction technique has the potential to narrow this frequency gap. Like the element based methods, the wave based prediction technique is a deterministic technique, which is however computationally more efficient and thus suited for the mid-frequency range. This paper discusses the application of the wave based prediction technique for the vibro-acoustic analysis of a three-dimensional car-like cavity. Both uncoupled acoustic and coupled vibro-acoustic analyses are performed. A comparison with the finite element method is made with respect to convergence rate and computational efforts to show the efficiency of the new technique.
High Interannual Variability in Connectivity and Genetic Pool of a Temperate Clingfish Matches Oceanographic Transport Predictions

Adults of most marine benthic and demersal fish are site-attached, with the dispersal of their larval stages ensuring connectivity among populations. In this study we aimed to infer spatial and temporal variation in population connectivity and dispersal of a marine fish species, using genetic tools and comparing these with oceanographic transport. We focused on an intertidal rocky reef fish species, the shore clingfish Lepadogaster lepadogaster, along the southwest Iberian Peninsula, in 2011 and 2012. We predicted high levels of self-recruitment and distinct populations, due to short pelagic larval duration and because all its developmental stages have previously been found near adult habitats. Genetic analyses based on microsatellites countered our prediction and a biophysical dispersal model showed that oceanographic transport was a good explanation for the patterns observed. Adult sub-populations separated by up to 300 km of coastline displayed no genetic differentiation, revealing a single connected population with larvae potentially dispersing long distances over hundreds of km. Despite this, parentage analysis performed on recruits from one focal site within the Marine Park of Arrábida (Portugal), revealed self-recruitment levels of 2.5% and 7.7% in 2011 and 2012, respectively, suggesting that both long- and short-distance dispersal play an important role in the replenishment of these populations. Population differentiation and patterns of dispersal, which were highly variable between years, could be linked to the variability inherent in local oceanographic processes. Overall, our measures of connectivity based on genetic and oceanographic data highlight the relevance of long-distance dispersal in determining the degree of connectivity, even in species with short pelagic larval durations.
Feature Mouth Shapes Extraction Based on Contour of Internal Lips

Feature mouth shapes extraction decide the recognition effects in speaker identification. For the problems of huge information and low recognition rate,a mixed method of feature extraction based on contour of internal lips was proposed. Firstly,feature points in contour of internal lips were selected to build basic mouth shapes.Secondly,general models of the training set were constructed by calculating mean values of coordinates. Then,Gabor wavelet transform was applied to extract feature information from basic mouth shapes and general models. Finally,according to similarity comparison between the general models and basic mouth shapes, the feature mouth shapes could be selected to identify the speakers.The experiments indicated that internal lips was more sensitive to deformation than outer lips and could have more feature information and higher recognition rate.
Pediatric advance care planning from the perspective of health care professionals: A qualitative interview study

Background: Pediatric advance care planning differs from the adult setting in several aspects, including patients’ diagnoses, minor age, and questionable capacity to consent. So far, research has largely neglected the professionals’ perspective. Aim: We aimed to investigate the attitudes and needs of health care professionals with regard to pediatric advance care planning. Design: This is a qualitative interview study with experts in pediatric end-of-life care. A qualitative content analysis was performed. Setting/participants: We conducted 17 semi-structured interviews with health care professionals caring for severely ill children/adolescents, from different professions, care settings, and institutions. Results: Perceived problems with pediatric advance care planning relate to professionals’ discomfort and uncertainty regarding end-of-life decisions and advance directives. Conflicts may arise between physicians and non-medical care providers because both avoid taking responsibility for treatment limitations according to a minor’s advance directive. Nevertheless, pediatric advance care planning is perceived as helpful by providing an action plan for everyone and ensuring that patient/parent wishes are respected. Important requirements for pediatric advance care planning were identified as follows: repeated discussions and shared decision-making with the family, a qualified facilitator who ensures continuity throughout the whole process, multi-professional conferences, as well as professional education on advance care planning. Conclusion: Despite a perceived need for pediatric advance care planning, several barriers to its implementation were identified. The results remain to be verified in a larger cohort of health care professionals. Future research should focus on developing and testing strategies for overcoming the existing barriers.
Examining Student Opinions on Computer Use Based on the Learning Styles in Mathematics Education.

The purpose of this study is to identify the opinions of high school students, who have different learning styles, related to computer use in mathematics education. High school students’ opinions on computer use in mathematics education were collected with both qualitative and quantitative approaches in the study conducted with a survey model. For this purpose, 388 high school students were included in the study. A learning style inventory, questionnaire form and interview questions were used as the data collection instruments. Frequency, percentages and chi-square analysis were used in the analysis of quantitative data and content analysis was used in analyzing the qualitative data. The results of the study showed that students with a diverger and accommodator learning styles have more positive opinions regarding computer use in the mathematics education compared to the students with assimilator and converger learning style.
Presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Salmonella spp. in lakes and fountains of Porto, Portugal.

Urban lakes and fountains provide recreational activities that could facilitate the contact between humans, animals and biological agents. The objective of this work was to assess the water quality and safety of 17 lakes and 13 fountains in the city of Porto (Portugal), by detecting the presence of Escherichia coli, enterococci and Salmonella spp. , and analyzing their antimicrobial resistance. (For more information,please refer to the pdf.)
The spectra ko and ku are not Thom spectra: an approach using THH

The construction of various bordism theories as Thom spectra served as a motivating example for the development of highly structured ring spectra. Various other examples of Thom spectra followed; for instance, various Eilenberg–MacLane spectra are known to be constructed in this way (see Mahowald [5]). However, Mahowald [6] proved that the connective K–theory spectra ko and ku are not the 2–local Thom spectra of any vector bundles, and that the spectrum ko is not the Thom spectrum of a spherical fibration classified by a map of H-spaces. Rudyak [7] later proved that ko and ku are not Thom spectra p–locally at odd primes p .
Prediction of biologically significant components from microarray data: Independently Consistent Expression Discriminator (ICED)

MOTIVATION Class distinction is a supervised learning approach that has been successfully employed in the analysis of high-throughput gene expression data. Identification of a set of genes that predicts differential biological states allows for the development of basic and clinical scientific approaches to the diagnosis of disease. The Independent Consistent Expression Discriminator (ICED) was designed to provide a more biologically relevant search criterion during predictor selection by embracing the inherent variability of gene expression in any biological state. The four components of ICED include (i) normalization of raw data; (ii) assignment of weights to genes from both classes; (iii) counting of votes to determine optimal number of predictor genes for class distinction; (iv) calculation of prediction strengths for classification results. The search criteria employed by ICED is designed to identify not only genes that are consistently expressed at one level in one class and at a consistently different level in another class but identify genes that are variable in one class and consistent in another. The result is a novel approach to accurately select biologically relevant predictors of differential disease states from a small number of microarray samples. RESULTS The data described herein utilized ICED to analyze the large AML/ALL training and test data set (Golub et al., 1999, Science, 286, 531-537) in addition to a smaller data set consisting of an animal model of the childhood neurodegenerative disorder, Batten disease, generated for this study. Both of the analyses presented herein have correctly predicted biologically relevant perturbations that can be used for disease classification, irrespective of sample size. Furthermore, the results have provided candidate proteins for future study in understanding the disease process and the identification of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Adherence to practice guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Shiraz, Iran

BACKGROUND There is an increasing tendency to use evidence-based medicine (EBM) and guidelines among physicians. This is also true for concordance of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and guidelines; therefore, we aimed to address the adherence to 2011 American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA) guideline for CABG. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 246 patients who underwent CABG in Shiraz, Iran, during 2011-2012, using a data collecting form provided through studying ACCF/AHA guideline 2011. The patients were categorized into clinical subgroups and then grouped into appropriate, in-appropriate and uncertain classes. Chi-square was used to compare categorical variables and t-test was used for continuous variables. RESULTS Of the 246 patients, 70.3% were grouped into “class I,” 12.6% into “class IIa,” 6.9% into “class IIb” and 10.2% into “class III. ” Therefore, 82.9% of the patients were grouped into “appropriate,” 6.9% into “uncertain,” and 10.2% into group “inappropriate. ” CONCLUSION We suggest that more attention is needed to be paid to these guidelines. Using these guidelines may help surgeons to have a uniform approach for patients.
Efficacy and safety of coadministration of once-daily indacaterol and glycopyrronium versus indacaterol alone in COPD patients: the GLOW6 study

Background Addition of a second bronchodilator from a different pharmacological class may benefit patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) whose symptoms are insufficiently controlled by bronchodilator monotherapy. GLOW6 evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily coadministration of the long-acting β2-agonist indacaterol (IND) and the long-acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium (GLY) versus IND alone in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Materials and methods In this randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, 12-week study, patients were randomized 1:1 to IND 150 μg and GLY 50 μg daily (IND + GLY) or IND 150 μg daily and placebo (IND + PBO) (all delivered via separate Breezhaler® devices). The primary objective was to demonstrate the superiority of IND + GLY versus IND + PBO for trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at week 12. Other end points included trough FEV1 at day 1, FEV1 area under the curve from 30 minutes to 4 hours (AUC30min–4h), peak FEV1, inspiratory capacity and trough forced vital capacity (FVC) at day 1 and week 12, and transition dyspnea index (TDI) focal score, COPD symptoms, and rescue medication use over 12 weeks. Results A total of 449 patients were randomized (IND + GLY, 226; IND + PBO, 223); 94% completed the study. On day 1 and at week 12, IND + GLY significantly improved trough FEV1 versus IND + PBO, with treatment differences of 74 mL (95% CI 46–101 mL) and 64 mL (95% CI 28–99 mL), respectively (both P<0.001). IND + GLY significantly improved postdose peak FEV1, FEV1 AUC30min–4h, and trough FVC at day 1 and week 12 versus IND + PBO (all P<0.01). TDI focal score and COPD symptoms (percentage of days able to perform usual daily activities and change from baseline in mean daytime respiratory score) were significantly improved with IND + GLY versus IND + PBO (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar for the two treatment groups. Conclusion In patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, once-daily coadministration of IND and GLY provides significant and sustained improvement in bronchodilation versus IND alone from day 1, with significant improvements in patient-centered outcomes.