Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Change of Cyclosporine Absorption over the Time after Kidney Transplantation

Background Although the immunosuppressant cyclosporine (CsA) is widely used after kidney transplantation over the long term, there is still no firm consensus on the best way to monitor of CsA blood levels. Objectives Cyclosporine (CsA) assay is critical for the management of renal transplant recipients due to inter– and intra–patient variation in CsA absorption and metabolism. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective cross sectional study, blood levels of CsA (through and 2 hours post dose) measured at least 5 times during 3 years post transplantation, in 7702 kidney transplant recipients from different transplant center of Tehran, IR Iran between 2008 and 2012. Cyclosporine absorption (CA) calculated C2/C0 ratio. Results CA had a significant correlation with allograft function (P = 0.000, r =.0.285), this correlation was stronger than its relationship with C0 and C2 blood levels (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000 as well as r = 0.033 and r = 0.090, respectively). In univariate analysis during different times after transplantation, C0 and C2 blood levels significantly decreased over three years follow up (P = 0.000), (P = 0.000); While, CA reversely increases over the time (P = 0.000). In linear regression model overall CA levels had correlation with lower age of recipient (P = 0.02), hypokalemia (P = 0.001), higher level of creatinine (P = 0.02) and triglyceride (P = 0.001). Conclusions The present study shows that CsA absorption changes trough the post-transplant time and appears to increases over time in long–term period after kidney transplantation.
Effects of social development intervention in childhood 15 years later.

OBJECTIVE To examine the long-term effects of a universal intervention in elementary schools in promoting positive functioning in school, work, and community, and preventing mental health problems, risky sexual behavior, substance misuse, and crime at ages 24 and 27 years. DESIGN Nonrandomized controlled trial. SETTING Fifteen public elementary schools serving diverse neighborhoods including high-crime neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington. PARTICIPANTS Sex-balanced and multiracial/multiethnic sample of 598 participants at ages 24 and 27 years (93% of the original sample in these conditions). INTERVENTIONS Teacher training in classroom instruction and management, child social and emotional skill development, and parent workshops. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reports of functioning in school, work, and community and of mental health, sexual behavior, substance use, and crime, and court records. RESULTS A significant multivariate intervention effect across all 16 primary outcome indices was found. Specific effects included significantly better educational and economic attainment, mental health, and sexual health by age 27 years (all P < .05). Hypothesized effects on substance use and crime were not found at ages 24 or 27 years. CONCLUSIONS A universal intervention for urban elementary schoolchildren, which focused on classroom management and instruction, children's social competence, and parenting practices, positively affected mental health, sexual health, and educational and economic achievement 15 years after the intervention ended.
A necessity illusion for modal inferences from conditionals

ABSTRACT Three experiments examined how people reason about what is possible or necessary when a conditional is true. Participants were asked to indicate whether it was necessary, possible or impossible for a specific instance to conform to one of the truth-table cases (pq, p¬q, ¬pq and ¬p¬q) (¬ = not), given the truth of the conditional. It was found that most participants, inconsistently, judged the pq case as necessary but the ¬pq or ¬p¬q cases as possible. Logically, these two kinds of judgments are contradictory. Moreover, a true conditional doesn’t imply that a specific instance under the conditional must be pq . Therefore, people demonstrate a necessity illusion for pq cases which contradicts their commitment to the possibility of ¬pq or ¬p¬q cases. Existing accounts of conditionals are unable to explain the contradiction and the necessity illusion. We propose an inference dissociation account and explore the theoretical implications of this necessity illusion.
The long way towards abandoning ECEC dichotomy in Greece

ABSTRACT Although Greece has a dichotomous system both in terms of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services and in terms of ECEC workers’ preparation programmes, in 2016 Greek government’s Organization for ECEC organized an open colloquy about the adoption of a ‘Unified National Framework for Early Childhood Education and Care’, causing a heated political debate. The present study, founded on policy reform intentions and reactions to them, attempts to explore ECEC professionals’ attitudes towards integration. Participants were prompted to describe the qualifications essential to work in integrated systems, the domains in which re-training is needed as well as the reforms that have to take place in order for integration to be achieved. Results suggest that long-held traditions about the separate culture and tradition of the childcare and early education sectors as well as political and corporatist reasons may inhibit every effort to integration and highlight the need for a strong and principled rational for change.
Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM

Summary: BWA-MEM is a new alignment algorithm for aligning sequence reads or long query sequences against a large reference genome such as human. It automatically chooses between local and end-to-end alignments, supports paired-end reads and performs chimeric alignment. The algorithm is robust to sequencing errors and applicable to a wide range of sequence lengths from 70bp to a few megabases. For mapping 100bp sequences, BWA-MEM shows better performance than several state-of-art read aligners to date. Availability and implementation: BWA-MEM is implemented as a component of BWA, which is available at this http URL. Contact: hengli@broadinstitute.org
Multi-faceted discipline strategies of Chinese parenting

Parental disciplining of their misbehaving children continues to draw much research attention. Baumrind’s typology of parenting styles has been frequently used to classify Chinese parenting as more authoritarian. Although influential, research tends predominantly to focus on abstract characterization. Yet, parenting is a practice informed by specific cultural ethnotheories and enacted in response to their children’s behavior in specific contexts. Our study attempted to explore this type of disciplining in situ. We interviewed 89 mothers from Taiwan (45) and Hong Kong (44) with children from near the end of infancy to beginning-school age. Mothers were asked to share their disciplinary strategies for handling four hypothetical yet common situations in which children misbehaved. These situations varied in setting, social distance among participants, possible consequences, nature of rules involved, and degree of conflict. We found five strategy types. Moreover, mothers prioritized them differently for different situations. Finally, we identified four ways of using strategies: single, contingent, simultaneous, or ratcheting-up. Depending on their strategies in a given situation, these uses also varied. We were compelled to conclude that Chinese parenting is more multi-faceted than has been typically portrayed in research. Implications for future research on parenting across cultures are discussed.
Arcing Classifiers

Recent work has shown that combining multiple versions of unstable classifiers such as trees or neural nets results in reduced test set error. One of the more effective is bagging (Breiman [1996a]) Here, modified training sets are formed by resampling from the original training set, classifiers constructed using these training sets and then combined by voting. Freund and Schapire [1995,1996] propose an algorithm the basis of which is to adaptively resample and combine (hence the acronym-arcing) so that the weights in the resampling are increased for those cases most often misclassified and the combining is done by weighted voting. Arcing is more successful than bagging in test set error reduction. We explore two arcing algorithms, compare them to each other and to bagging, and try to understand how arcing works. We introduce the definitions of bias and variance for a classifier as components of the test set error. Unstable classifiers can have low bias on a large range of data sets. Their problem is high variance. Combining multiple versions either through bagging or arcing reduces variance significantly
Nuffield Centre for Experimental Social Sciences Discussion Paper Series Cognitive Racial Discrimination -a Benchmark Experimental Study

This study investigates the following questions: Is it harder to distinguish and remember people if they are of another race? And do memory limitations have discriminatory implications? To answer these questions, I conduct an experiment in a laboratory environment. Participants are presented with a set of potential candidates of different races-East Asian and Caucasian White-and each candidate is associated with a monetary value. Incentives are provided to recall candidates with higher values. I find that people are much better able to recall candidates with higher values if they are of the same race. Candidates of the other race are more likely to be confused with each other. This leads to positive and negative discrimination at the same time: those at bottom of the value distribution benefit while those at the top lose out. These results suggest that cognitive biases could play a role in the nature of cross-racial relations, in particular for phenomena relying on repeated interactions and individual recognition, such as the formation and maintenance of social ties or the establishment of trust relationships. and audiences at various seminars for useful comments. The author is also extremely grateful for the programming support offered by Jacques Belot.
pcApriori: scalable apriori for multiprocessor systems

Frequent-itemset mining is an important part of data mining. It is a computational and memory intensive task and has a large number of scientific and statistical application areas. In many of them, the datasets can easily grow up to tens or even several hundred gigabytes of data. Hence, efficient algorithms are required to process such amounts of data. In the recent years, there have been proposed many efficient sequential mining algorithms, which however cannot exploit current and future systems providing large degrees of parallelism. Contrary, the number of parallel frequent-itemset mining algorithms is rather small and most of them do not scale well as the number of threads is largely increased. In this paper, we present a highly-scalable mining algorithm that is based on the well-known Apriori algorithm; it is optimized for processing very large datasets on multiprocessor systems. The key idea of pcApriori is to employ a modified producer--consumer processing scheme, which partitions the data during processing and distributes it to the available threads. We conduct many experiments on large datasets. pcApriori scales almost linear on our test system comprising 32 cores.
A deep, narrow J-band search for protogalactic Lyα emission at redshifts z~ 9

We present a deep, narrow J-band search for protogalactic Lya emission at redshifts z ∼ 9. We combine an exceptionally deep image of the Hubble Deep Field South, obtained using a narrow-band filter centred on the wavelength 1.187 μm using the VLT/ISAAC facility, with existing deep, broad-band images covering optical to near-infrared wavelengths. We search for z ∼ 9 Lya-emitting galaxies displaying a significant narrow-band excess relative to the J s band that are undetected at optical wavelengths. We detect no sources consistent with this criterion to the 90 per cent point-source flux limit of the narrow-band image, F NB = 3.28 x 10 -18 erg s -1 cm -2 . The survey selection function indicates that we have sampled a volume of approximately 340 h -3 Mpc 3 to a Lyα emission luminosity of 10 43 h -2 erg s -1 . We conclude by considering the potential implications for the physics of the high-redshift Universe.
Towards Reconciling Transaction Cost Economics and the Knowledge-based View of the Firm: The Context of Interfirm Collaborations

This paper presents a set of relationships that have the potential to reconcile the dispute between the knowledge-based view of the firm (KBV) and transaction cost economics (TCE). Several KBV scholars have argued that governance choice need rely only on bounded rationality and not on opportunism where TCE scholars maintain that both behavioural assumptions are needed to explain governance choice.We help to resolve part of the debate by developing an extension ofTCE to encompass certain knowledge-based attributes of transactions.We argue that high-levels of two knowledge transfer attributes - knowledge tacitness or problem solving complexity - lead to the adoption of the knowledge management practices - high-bandwidth channels or idiosyncratic communication codes - to economize on the cognitive limitations of man. It is these knowledge management practices that generate contracting hazards for whichTCE, and its attendant concern about opportunism, predicts equity-based collaborations are superior to non-equity-based collaborations.The linkages between knowledge transfer attributes, knowledge management practices, and governance choice add value via implications for managers which are not readily apparent from either theory alone.
Security Ontology for Adaptive Mapping of Security Standards

Adoption of security standards has the capability of improving the secu- rity level in an organization as well as to provide additional benefits and possibilities to the organization. However mapping of used standards has to be done when more than one security standard is employed in order to prevent redundant activities, not optimal resource management and unnecessary outlays. Employment of security on- tology to map different standards can reduce the mapping complexity however the choice of security ontology is of high importance and there are no analyses on security ontology suitability for adaptive standards mapping. In this paper we analyze existing security ontologies by comparing their general prop- erties, OntoMetric factors and ability to cover different security standards. As none of the analysed security ontologies were able to cover more than 1/3 of security stan- dards, we proposed a new security ontology, which increased coverage of security standards compared to the existing ontologies and has a better branching and depth properties for ontology visualization purposes. During this research we mapped 4 security standards (ISO 27001, PCI DSS, ISSA 5173 and NISTIR 7621) to the new security ontology, therefore this ontology and mapping data can be used for adaptive mapping of any set of these security standards to optimize usage of multiple security standards in an organization.
New Language Pairs in TectoMT

The TectoMT tree-to-tree machine translation system has been updated this year to support easier retraining for more translation directions. We use multilingual standards for morphology and syntax annotation and language-independent base rules. We include a simple, non-parametric way of combining TectoMT’s transfer model outputs. We submitted translations by the Englishto-Czech and Czech-to-English TectoMT pipelines to the WMT shared task. While the former offers a stable performance, the latter is completely new and will require more tuning and debugging.
Flexible Syntactic Matching of Curves and Its Application to Automatic Hierarchical Classification of Silhouettes

Curve matching is one instance of the fundamental correspondence problem. Our flexible algorithm is designed to match curves under substantial deformations and arbitrary large scaling and rigid transformations. A syntactic representation is constructed for both curves and an edit transformation which maps one curve to the other is found using dynamic programming. We present extensive experiments where we apply the algorithm to silhouette matching. In these experiments, we examine partial occlusion, viewpoint variation, articulation, and class matching (where silhouettes of similar objects are matched). Based on the qualitative syntactic matching, we define a dissimilarity measure and we compute it for every pair of images in a database of 121 images. We use this experiment to objectively evaluate our algorithm. First, we compare our results to those reported by others. Second, we use the dissimilarity values in order to organize the image database into shape categories. The veridical hierarchical organization stands as evidence to the quality of our matching and similarity estimation.
Methanolic Extract of Ceplukan Leaf (Physalis minima L.) Attenuates Ventricular Fibrosis through Inhibition of TNF-α in Ovariectomized Rats

The increase of heart failure prevalence on menopausal women was correlated with the decrease of estrogen level. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf (Physalis minima L.), which contains phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides, on ventricular TNF-α level and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (control (—); OVX 5: 5-week ovariectomy (OVX); OVX 9: 9-week ovariectomy; treatments I, II, and III: 9-weeks OVX + 4-week ceplukan leaf's methanolic extract doses 500, 1500, and 2500 mg/kgBW, resp. ). TNF-α levels were measured with ELISA. Fibrosis was counted as blue colored tissues percentage using Masson's Trichrome staining. This study showed that prolonged hypoestrogen increases ventricular fibrosis (p < 0.05). Ceplukan leaf treatment also resulted in a decrease of ventricular fibrosis and TNF-α level in dose dependent manner compared to without treatment group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TNF-α level was normalized in 2500 mg/kgBW Physalis minima L. (p < 0.05) treatment. The reduction of fibrosis positively correlated with TNF-α level (p < 0.05, r = 0.873). Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf decreases ventricular fibrosis through the inhibition of ventricular TNF-α level in ovariectomized rats.
Process of s-maintenance: decision support system for maintenance intervention

The European project Proteus aimed at developing a generic software architecture for Web-based e-maintenance. The goal was to propose a good technical and management support to optimize the maintenance strategy, to improve maintenance performance and reliability and finally to reduce maintenance costs. We introduce a notion of semantic e-maintenance platform based on the common semantic and ontology. We propose the decision support system for maintenance intervention based on this architecture and on the case based reasoning as the problem solving method. The ontology is used in the CBR cycle to improve the principles of its retrieve and reuse phases
Strong Local Nondeterminism and Sample Path Properties of Gaussian Random Fields

Sufficient conditions for a real-valued Gaussian random field X = {X(t), t ∈ RN} with stationary increments to be strongly locally nondeterministic are proven. As applications, small ball probability estimates, Hausdorff measure of the sample paths, sharp Hölder conditions and tail probability estimates for the local times of Gaussian random fields are established. Running head: Strong Local Nondeterminism of Gaussian Random Fields 2000 AMS Classification Numbers: Primary 60G15, 60G17.
Decisive Data Sets in Phylogenomics: Lessons from Studies on the Phylogenetic Relationships of Primarily Wingless Insects

Phylogenetic relationships of the primarily wingless insects are still considered unresolved. Even the most comprehensive phylogenomic studies that addressed this question did not yield congruent results. To get a grip on these problems, we here analyzed the sources of incongruence in these phylogenomic studies by using an extended transcriptome data set. Our analyses showed that unevenly distributed missing data can be severely misleading by inflating node support despite the absence of phylogenetic signal. In consequence, only decisive data sets should be used which exclusively comprise data blocks containing all taxa whose relationships are addressed. Additionally, we used Four-cluster Likelihood Mapping (FcLM) to measure the degree of congruence among genes of a data set, as a measure of support alternative to bootstrap. FcLM showed incongruent signal among genes, which in our case is correlated neither with functional class assignment of these genes nor with model misspecification due to unpartitioned analyses. The herein analyzed data set is the currently largest data set covering primarily wingless insects, but failed to elucidate their interordinal phylogenetic relationships. Although this is unsatisfying from a phylogenetic perspective, we try to show that the analyses of structure and signal within phylogenomic data can protect us from biased phylogenetic inferences due to analytical artifacts.
RESOLVING THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN LENSING AND X-RAY MASS ESTIMATES OF THE COMPLEX GALAXY CLUSTER ABELL 1689

There is a long-standing discrepancy between galaxy cluster masses determined from X-ray and gravitational lensing observations of which Abell 1689 is a well studied example. In this work, we take advantage of 180 ks of Chandra X-ray observations and a new weak gravitational study based on a Hubble Space Telescope mosaic covering the central 1.8 Mpc × 1.4 Mpc to eliminate the mass discrepancy. In contrast to earlier X-ray analyses where the very circular surface brightness has been inferred as Abell 1689 being spherically symmetric and in hydrostatic equilibrium, a hardness ratio map analysis reveals a regular and symmetric appearing main clump with a cool core plus some substructure in the northeastern part of the cluster. The gravitational lensing mass model supports the interpretation of Abell 1689 being composed of a main clump, which is possibly a virialized cluster, plus some substructure. In order to avoid complications and misinterpretations due to X-ray emission from the substructure, we exclude it from the mass reconstruction. Comparing X-ray and lensing mass profiles of the regular main part only, shows no significant discrepancy between the two methods and the obtained mass profiles are consistent over the full range where the mass can be reconstructed from X-rays (out to ≈1Mpc). The obtained cluster mass within ≈875 kpc derived from X-rays alone is (6.4 ± 2.1) × 1014 M☉ compared to a weak lensing mass of (8.6 ± 3.0) × 1014 M☉ within the same radius.