Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Subdural Monopolar Cortical Stimulation Paired With Rehabilitative Training on Behavioral and Neurophysiological Recovery After Cortical Ischemic Stroke in Adult Squirrel Monkeys

Background. Cortical stimulation (CS) combined with rehabilitative training (RT) has proven effective for enhancing poststroke functional recovery in rats, but human clinical trials have had mixed outcomes. Objective. To assess the efficacy of CS/RT versus RT in a nonhuman primate model of cortical ischemic stroke. Methods. Squirrel monkeys learned a pellet retrieval task, then received an infarct to the distal forelimb (DFL) representation of primary motor cortex. A subdural monopolar electrode was implanted over the spared DFL representation in dorsal premotor cortex (PMD). Seven weeks postinfarct, monkeys underwent 4 to 6 weeks of RT (n = 8) or CS/RT (n = 7; 100 Hz, cathodal current) therapy. Behavioral performance was assessed before and after infarct, prior to therapy, and 1 and 12 weeks posttherapy (follow-up). The primary outcome measure was motor performance at 1 week posttherapy. Secondary outcomes included follow-up performance at 12 weeks and treatment-related changes in neurophysiological maps of spared DFL representations. Results. While postinfarct performance deficits were found in all monkeys, both groups demonstrated similar recovery profiles, with no difference in motor recovery between the RT and CS/RT groups. Posttherapy, PMD DFL area was significantly expanded in the RT group but not the CS/RT group. A significant relationship was found between motor recovery and DFL expansion in premotor cortex. Conclusions. Results suggest that the specific parameters utilized here were not optimal for promoting behavioral recovery in nonhuman primates. Though CS/RT has consistently shown efficacy in rat stroke models, the present finding has cautionary implications for translation of CS/RT therapy to clinical populations.
Code Compaction Using Post-Increment / Decrement Addressing Modes

During computation, locality of reference is often observed, and can be exploited to achieve performance increases in several ways. This locality is an artifact of the computational abstractions and architectures that we use, such as iterating over an arrays or encapsulating tasks into distinct functions with local state. With this in mind, some architectures have been created with features designed specifically to exploit locality. In this paper, we extend the work of [1] to benefit as much as possible from one such particular feature: post-increment and post-decrement addressing modes. With careful placement of stack variables in memory, we can minimize the amount of necessary address arithmetic. This problem is NP-complete, and we present a 2-approximation algorithm for the case of a single address register, along with experimental results.
Developments in holonic production planning and control

The field of holonic manufacturing was initiated in the early 1990s to address the upcoming challenges for manufacturing operations in the 21st century. It is intended to support highly responsive organizations by providing a modular building block or 'plug and play' capability for developing and operating a manufacturing production system. The holonic approach can be viewed as an alternative to more hierarchical operations management methods such as those based on computer- integrated manufacturing (CIM). Since 1990, an increasing amount of research has been conducted in holonic manufacturing over a diverse range of industries and applications, with a strong emphasis on how holonic systems will perform the different planning and control functions required to manage a production operation. The planning and control work to date has, however, been focussed on specific problem formulations and solution strategies. The intention of this paper is to provide an overview of the use of holonic manufacturing concepts in production planning and control which is accessible to both practitioners and researchers in the area. The aims of the paper are as follows. To define clearly what is meant by a holonic manufacturing system and to demonstrate the relevance of its development to production planning and control. To motivate holonic manufacturing based on a business rationale, demonstrating specifically how it can support improved responsiveness and the management of production complexity. To review existing work in holonic manufacturing systems relevant to production planning and control, and provide an analysis of the scope and applicability of these results.
Electrical signaling along the phloem and its physiological responses in the maize leaf

To elucidate the role of electrical signaling in the phloem of maize the tips of attached leaves were stimulated by chilling and wounding. Two different signals were detected in the phloem at the middle of the leaf using the aphid stylet technique: (1) action potentials (AP) arose in the phloem after chilling; and (2) variation potentials (VPs) were evoked after wounding the leaf tip. Combined electric potential and gas exchange measurements showed that while the wound-induced VP moved rapidly towards the middle of the leaf to induce a reduction in both the net-CO2 uptake rate and the stomatal conductance, there was no response in the gas exchange to the cold-induced AP. To determine if electrical signaling had any impact on assimilate transport the middle of the leaf was exposed to 14CO2. Autoradiography of labeled assimilates provided evidence that phloem and intercellular transport of assimilates from mesophyll to bundle sheath cells was strongly reduced while the cold-induced AP moved through. In contrast, wound-induced VP did not inhibit assimilate translocation but did reduce the amount of the labeled assimilate in phloem and bundle sheath cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that callose content increased significantly in chilled leaves while starch increased in chilled but decreased in wounded leaves. The results led to the conclusion that different stimulation types incite characteristic phloem-transmitted electrical signals, each with a specific influence on gas exchange and assimilate transport.
Prediction of sugarcane quality from juice samples using portable spectroscopy

Rapid determination of sugarcane quality using low-cost and portable equipment is more practical for field use. Thus, this study explored the potential application of a portable visible and shortwave near infrared spectroradiometer (VNIRS) to predict pol and brix from sugarcane juice samples. A total of 100 sugarcane juice samples for each clear and raw juice samples were assessed. The spectral data were collected by scanning the juice samples in a cuvette with 10 mm path length using transmittance mode. Partial least squares (PLS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to interpret the spectra and develop both calibration and prediction models. The prediction performances for the clear juice samples were good with coefficient of determination (R2) values of pol and brix were 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. For the raw juice samples, the prediction performances were acceptable with R2 values for pol and brix were 0.73 and 0.74, respectively. Based on these results, it was concluded that the VNIRS combined with PLS models could be applied to predict sugarcane quality from both clear and raw sugarcane juices.
Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Practices By Banks In Zimbabwe.

The purpose of this paper is to examine factors (adequacy of risk governance structure, quality of organizational culture, intensity of regulatory environment and size of the bank) influencing the adoption and implementation of ERM by banks in Zimbabwe. The study focused on a sample of 18 commercial banks operating in Zimbabwe and primary data was collected using a 5-scale Likert based survey questionnaire. Multiple Regression analysis and One-Sample t-tests using SPSS v16 were undertaken while Chisquare statistic was used to test the research hypotheses. The findings reveal that three factors namely adequacy of risk governance structure, quality of organizational structure and size of the bank have positive relationship with the adoption of ERM while intensity of bank regulation have a negative relationship with ERM adoption. Further it was noted that two predictor variables namely adequacy of risk governance structure and quality of organizational culture have a large impact on the adoption of ERM. The findings are largely consistent with findings by other researchers in this field.
The Impact of a Mindful State on Ego-Salience and Self-Control

Convergent findings among several distinct lines of research have revealed that mindfulness, an open and receptive form of present-centered awareness, is positively associated with numerous indices of well-being. Much of this research has focused on dispositional mindfulness, the frequency with which one enters into mindful states over time. However, state mindfulness, the degree to which one is mindful at a specific point in time, has been left relatively unexplored. Current theories suggest that many beneficial effects attributable to mindfulness are due to changes in the way one relates to thoughts about the self. In this study we hypothesized that a heightened mindful state would reduce the salience of self-relevant concepts. Further, we hypothesized that this difference in cognitions would alter how people deal with self-threatening information and lead to advantages in one’s ability to exert volitional control over subsequent behaviors. To test these hypotheses, all participants were told that we were measuring their personality traits to make predictions about their “sociability. ” After completing an initial battery of self-report measures, half of the participants underwent a 15-minute state mindfulness induction, while the other half received instructions to let their mind wander. Immediately afterward, a lexical decision task was administered which was designed to assess the salience of previously rated self-descriptive words. Each participant was then given a report that contained negative feedback about the future of his or her social life. Finally, participants completed a dichotic listening task designed to assess self-regulatory ability and a self-report measure sensitive to state affect. Our analyses indicated that the
Partitioned Elias-Fano indexes

The Elias-Fano representation of monotone sequences has been recently applied to the compression of inverted indexes, showing excellent query performance thanks to its efficient random access and search operations. While its space occupancy is competitive with some state-of-the-art methods such as gamma-delta-Golomb codes and PForDelta, it fails to exploit the local clustering that inverted lists usually exhibit, namely the presence of long subsequences of close identifiers. In this paper we describe a new representation based on partitioning the list into chunks and encoding both the chunks and their endpoints with Elias-Fano, hence forming a two-level data structure. This partitioning enables the encoding to better adapt to the local statistics of the chunk, thus exploiting clustering and improving compression. We present two partition strategies, respectively with fixed and variable-length chunks. For the latter case we introduce a linear-time optimization algorithm which identifies the minimum-space partition up to an arbitrarily small approximation factor. We show that our partitioned Elias-Fano indexes offer significantly better compression than plain Elias-Fano, while preserving their query time efficiency. Furthermore, compared with other state-of-the-art compressed encodings, our indexes exhibit the best compression ratio/query time trade-off.
Myocardial Monovalent Cation Transport during the Quinidine‐Digoxin Interaction in Dogs

To study the relationship of the serum digoxin concentration to the digoxin effect on monovalent cation transport during the quinidine-digoxin interaction, we used radiolabeled rubidium to measure monovalent cation active transport in myocardial biopsy samples from dogs. In a preliminary study, we showed that quinidine did not affect rubidium uptake by myocardial samples from intact dogs. Then, we studied four groups, each consisting of 13 dogs, which received either saline, low dose digoxin, high dose digoxin, or low dose digoxin plus quinidine treatment. In these groups of dogs, the following steady state serum digoxin concentrations were achieved: saline-treated, 0 ng/ml; low dose digoxin, 1.2 ± 0.2 ng/ml (mean ± SD); high dose digoxin, 2.4 ± 0.4 ng/ml; and low-dose digoxin plus quinidine treated, 2.3 ± 1.1 ng/ml. Compared to control values, rubidium uptake was decreased by 17% in dogs treated with low dose digoxin (P < 0.05) and by 38% in dogs treated with high dose digoxin (P < 0.01 vs. saline-treated, P < 0.01 vs. low dose digoxin). Although low dose digoxin plus quinidine-rreated dogs had the same mean serum digoxin concentration as the high dose digoxin-treated dogs, rubidium uptake in low dose digoxin plus quinidine-rreated dogs was decreased by only 17% compared to control (P < 0.05 vs. saline-treated, (P < 0.01 vs. high dose digoxin). During the quinidine-digoxin interaction in the intact dog, the reduction in myocardial rubidium uptake is less than expected from the increase in serum digoxin concentration.
A Timed Concurrent Constraint Language

Abstract We study a timed concurrent constraint language, called tccp , which is obtained by a natural timed interpretation of the usual ccp constructs: action-prefixing is interpreted as the next-time operator and the parallel execution of agents follows the scheduling policy of maximal parallelism. Additionally, tccp includes a simple primitive which allows one to specify timing constraints. We define the operational semantics of tccp by means of a transition system and we define a denotational model which is fully abstract with respect to the usual notion of observables (that is, the results of terminating computations). Moreover, we study the semantics and expressive power of the notion of maximal parallelism underlying the computational model of tccp : We define a fully abstract semantics for a sublanguage of tccp , called ccpm , which essentially is concurrent constraint programming, provided that we interpret the parallel operator in terms of maximal parallelism rather than of interleaving. We show that tccp is strictly more expressive than ccpm which, in its turn, is strictly more expressive than ccp .
Abstract—organizational Culture Fosters Innovation, And

Organizational culture fosters innovation, and innovation is the main engine to be sustained within the uncertainty market. Like other countries, the construction industry significantly contributes to the economy, society and technology of Malaysia, yet, innovation is still considered slow compared to other industries such as manufacturing. Given the important role of an architect as the key player and the contributor of new ideas in the construction industry, there is a call to identify the issue and improve the current situation by focusing on the architectural firms. In addition, the existing studies tend to focus only on a few dimensions of organizational culture and very few studies consider whether innovation is being generated or adopted. Hence, the present research tends to fill in the gap by identifying the organizational cultures that foster or hinder innovation generation and/or innovation adoption, and propose a model of organizational culture and innovation generation and/or adoption. Keywords—Innovation adoption, innovation generation, architectural firm, organizational culture
On the separation of channel and network coding in aref networks

It is shown that one cannot always layer, or separate, channel and network coding for multicasting in deterministic relay networks with no interference. We call such networks Aref networks. The suboptimality of such layering in Aref networks is in contrast to the optimality of a similar layering in networks of discrete memoryless channels and certain networks of two-way channels
Multilingual Lexicalized Constituency Parsing with Word-Level Auxiliary Tasks

We introduce a constituency parser based on a bi-LSTM encoder adapted from recent work (Cross and Huang, 2016b; Kiperwasser and Goldberg, 2016), which can incorporate a lower level character biLSTM (Ballesteros et al., 2015; Plank et al., 2016). We model two important interfaces of constituency parsing with auxiliary tasks supervised at the word level: (i) part-of-speech (POS) and morphological tagging, (ii) functional label prediction. On the SPMRL dataset, our parser obtains above state-of-the-art results on constituency parsing without requiring either predicted POS or morphological tags, and outputs labelled dependency trees.
Coping and social support in asthma and allergy: the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study

Abstract Objectives: Asthma and allergy are stressful conditions that require coping strategies and social support to reduce stress and enhance health-promoting behavior. However, research is limited regarding coping and social support in asthma and allergy. The aim was to better understand the use of different coping strategies and perceived social support in low and high severity (exacerbation frequency) of asthma and allergy. Methods: Population-based data were used to provide ratings of coping strategies (Study I) and social support (Study II) from 124 and 94 participants, respectively, with asthma and/or allergy, categorized as low or high in severity. Problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies were assessed as well as emotional, instrumental and informative social support from seven sources. Results: Study I showed that avoiding certain environments (problem-based coping) and trying to accept one’s situation (emotion-based) were the most commonly used coping strategies. These behaviors did not differ due to severity. Study II showed that more emotional than instrumental and informative support was perceived. The highest rated support sources were the partner, family members and the healthcare system. More social support was reported in low asthma/allergy severity compared to high asthma/allergy severity. Conclusion: The most commonly used coping strategies in the population of persons with these four types of asthma and allergy are avoiding certain environments and trying to accept one’s situation. More emotional support than instrumental and informative is perceived to be received, and most of the support is received from one’s partner and other family members and least from authorities and patient associations/support groups.
Relationships among motivation, commitment, cognitive capacities, and achievement in secondary education

The aims of the present study were (1) to identify to what extent school motivation and school commitment contributed to the explanation of students’ academic achievement in addition to the effect of students’ cognitive capacities, (2) to find out whether school commitment mediated the relation between school motivation and academic achievement, and (3) to find out whether school motivation mediated the relation between school commitment and academic achievement. New in the field is that perspectives from two different research traditions were adopted, resulting in a selection of variables introduced by identity development theory and by motivational theories on achievement goals. The overall goal was to provide insight in the underlying structure of the relationships among these variables by providing new empirical evidence derived from a large student sample. A sample of more than 6,000 secondary school students from the Netherlands was therefore used in the study. Path models (structural equation models) were used to analyse the data. Fit indices of the final model were satisfactory. This model included students’ cognitive capacities, three motivation factors (performance, social, and extrinsic motivation; mastery was excluded) and one commitment component (in-depth exploration; the ‘commitment’ and ‘reconsideration of commitment’ components were excluded). The results showed small effects of performance (+), social (+), and extrinsic (-) motivation on academic achievement in addition to students’ cognitive capacities. A very small negative effect was found for in-depth exploration. In-depth exploration mediated the motivation – achievement relationships to a limited extent. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
The effect of prolonged exposure to visually presented patterns on learning to discriminate them.

Recent literature on the development of discrimination has shown an increasing trend toward acceptance of empiricistic explanations (2, 9). That ability to discriminate visually presented patterns develops with the experience and environmental reinforcement of the growing animal may be the case, but the evidence for this view is still inconclusive. Early studies by Lashlcy and Russell (11) and by Hebb (8) on the rat favored a nativistic interpretation of the differentiation of visual qualities, but later comparable studies with the chimpanzee and pigeon (13, 14) apparently favored an empiricistic explanation. Recent experiments by students of Hebb (5, 6, 10) have employed, an "enrichment" technique, with results which appear to favor a learning hypothesis. These studies attempted to provide a generally "rich" environment and used as criteria tests of a rather general type. If opportunity to view a varied and patterned environment is important in the differentiation of visual qualities, we do not know how general or how specific the relevant experience must be. The experiment to be reported proposed to investigate the dependence of visual form discrimination in adult rats on a specific variation in visual stimulation during growth. To this end, an experimental group of animals was raised from birth in cages which exhibited on the walls circles and triangles identical in form with ones later to be discriminated. The control group was raised under the same standard conditions but without opportunity to see these forms before the discrimination learning began. If the opportunity to view specific form,s favors development of the ability to differentiate them in a later discrimination learning problem, the experimental animals should learn faster and show a higher proportion of 5s reaching the criterion than the control group.