Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal Expertise Affirmation and Shared Expertise Perceptions in Work Teams : Their Implications for Coordinated Action and Team Performance

In this paper we argue that reciprocal expertise affirmationi.e. the mutual recognition by team members that they respect, value, and affirm each other's expertiseis positively related to team performance, but only in teams with high levels of shared expertise perceptions. Moreover, we propose that the joint effects of teams' reciprocal expertise affirmation and sharedness of expertise perceptions on team performance will be mediated by coordinated action. Data from 226 members of 39 student teams, working on a realistic four-week business simulation, supported our hypotheses. Our findings highlight the importance of reciprocal expertise affirmation for the effective functioning of work teams.
Causes, magnitude and management of burns in under-fives in district hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

OBJECTIVES To determine the causes, magnitude and management of burns in children under five years of age who were admitted in the district hospitals of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. METHODS In this study, a total of 204 under fives were enrolled. Questionnaires were used to elicit if the parent/caretaker had the knowledge of the cause of the burns, what was done immediately after burn injury, first aid given immediately after burn, source of the knowledge of first aid and when the child was taken to the hospital. Also the questionnaire was cited with data on the management of burns in the hospitals through observation and checking the treatment files. RESULTS Forty nine percent were males while 50.5% were females. Most of the children (54.9%) were aged between 1-2 years. 78.4% had scalds while 21.6% had flame burns. No children were found to have burns caused by chemicals or electricity. Most of the burns (97.5%) occurred accidentally, although some (2.5%) were intentional. 68.6% of these burn injuries occurred in the kitchen. Immediately after burn 87.3% of the children had first aid applied on their wounds while 12.7% didn't apply anything. Of the agents used, honey was the most used (32.8%) followed by cold water (16.7%). The source of knowledge on these agents was from relatives and friends (72.5%), schools (7%), media (6%) and medical personnel (14%). The study further revealed that analgesics, intravenous fluids, antiseptics and antibiotics were the drugs used for treatment of burns in the hospital and that there was no specialized unit for burns in the hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Causes of childhood burns are largely preventable requiring active social/medical education and public enlighten campaigns on the various methods of prevention. The government to see to it that hospitals have specialized units for managing burn cases and also the socio-economic status of its people be improved.
Stereopsis Outweighs Gravity in the Control of the Eyes

The eyes are controlled by multiple brain circuits, some phylogenetically old and some new, whose aims may conflict. Old otolith reflexes counterroll the eyes when the head tilts relative to gravity. Newer vergence mechanisms coordinate the eyes to aid stereoptic vision. We show that counterroll hinders stereopsis, weakly when you look into the distance but strongly when you look near. The resolution of this conflict is that counterroll virtually vanishes when monkeys look close, i.e., stereopsis overrides gravity-driven reflexes but only on near gaze. This balance between gyroscopic and stereoptic mechanisms explains many other puzzling features of primate gaze control, such as the weakness of our otolith-ocular reflexes even during far viewing and the strange geometry of the primate counterpitch reflex, which rolls the eyes clockwise when monkeys look leftward while their heads are tipped nose up, but rolls them counterclockwise when the monkeys look rightward, and reverses this pattern when the head is tipped nose down.
Multirate Coupled Hidden Markov Models and Their Application to Machining Tool-Wear Classification

This paper introduces multirate coupled hidden Markov models (multirate HMMs, in short) for multiscale modeling of nonstationary processes, extending traditional HMMs from single to multiple time scales with hierarchical representations of the process state and observations. Scales in the multirate HMMs are organized in a coarse-to-fine manner with Markov conditional independence assumptions within and across scales, allowing for a parsimonious representation of both short- and long-term context and temporal dynamics. Efficient inference and parameter estimation algorithms for the multirate HMMs are given, which are similar to the analogous algorithms for HMMs. The model is applied to the classification of tool wear in titanium milling, for which acoustic emissions exhibit multiscale dynamics and long-range dependence. Experimental results show that the multirate extension outperforms HMMs in terms of both wear prediction accuracy and confidence estimation
Benefiting from deep-level diversity: How congruence between knowledge and decision rules improves team decision making and team perceptions

In two experiments we show how teams can benefit from the presence of multiple sources of deep-level task-related diversity. We manipulated differences (vs. similarities) in task information and personal decision rules in dyads (Study 1) and three-person teams (Study 2). The results indicate that when both sources of diversity are present, partners and team members integrate their unique knowledge and decision rules into the collaboration and report perceptions of common interests, commitment and outcome satisfaction afterwards. This is not the case when there is just one source of diversity, causing the partners and team members to possess different information, but endorse similar decision rules or vice versa. The results are discussed in light of research on congruency and identity processes.
Ocular Fibropapillomas of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Histologic evaluation of four eyes from three stranded juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Florida, USA revealed ocular fibropapillomas composed of an overlying hyperplastic epithelium, various amounts of a thickened, well vascularized, collagenous stroma, and a moderate-to-dense population of reactive fibroblasts. The histologic morphology of the ocular fibropapillomas varied depending on whether the eyelid, conjunctiva, limbus, or cornea was the primary site of tumor origin. Fibropapillomas arising from the limbus, conjunctiva, or eyelid tended to be polyploid or pedunculated with a high degree of arborization. They often filled the conjunctival fornices and extended externally to be ulcerated on the distal aspects. Corneal fibropapillomas were more sessile and multinodular with less arborization. Some corneal tumors consisted primarily of a broad fibrovascular stroma and mild epithelial hyperplasia, whereas others had a markedly hyperplastic epithelium supported by stalks of fibrovascular stromal tissue. In green turtles ocular fibropapillomas may be locally invasive and associated with severe blindness and systemic debilitation.
PUNISHMENT AND RESPONSIBILITY: ESSAYS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

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Towards Service Level Agreement Based Scheduling on the Grid

The orchestration of complex workflows on the Grid is emerging as a key goal for the Grid community. It is necessary for these workflows to be executed reliably, respecting any dependences; it is also desirable for the user to know (albeit approximately) when the workflow will complete. The authors argue that meeting these goals will necessitate a major shift in the underlying scheduling technology, which is ultimately used to execute any computational tasks contained
Trends in Employee Assistance Program Implementation, Structure, and Utilization, 2009 to 2010

This data was derived from a Request-For-Information (RFI) submitted to a sample of 26 large and medium-size external Employee Assistance Program (EAP) vendors across the United States. EAPs reported an increase in covered employees over the 2009 to 2010 period. EAP organizations associated with health plans and organizations that offer EAP and carve-out mental health programs saw the greatest growth. Purchasers were choosing a short-term counseling model of four to six visits. EAPs are relying on brief intake assessments for initial phone triage. Few programs were accredited and only a small number of intake or affiliate counselors held the Certified Employee Assistance Professional credential. Vendors reported that average EAP utilization was less than 6% with great variation between contracts.
Appearance of Hormone-sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in the Developing Human Heart

Extract: Highly significant (P < 0.0025) increases in adenylate cyclase activity were seen at all fetal age periods (5–17 weeks) whenever sodium fluoride (5–10 mM) was added to the enzyme prepared from human myocardium. Norepinephrine (NE) at 10−4 M significantly elevated adenylate cyclase activity commencing at 6–7 weeks (P < 0.01). Beginning at 8–9 fetal weeks, glucagon (6 × 10−6 M) effectively activated adenylate cyclase. Other hormonal agents, namely, histamine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol at 10−4 M, demonstrated an ability to activate the enzyme (P < 0.025) by as early as 6–7 weeks and continued to act in this manner throughout the remainder of the developmental periods investigated. The α blocker, phentolamine, appeared to have little effect on the enzyme in the presence of NE. The β blocking agent, propranolol, significantly inhibited (P < 0.025) the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by NE throughout the 8–15 fetal week periods.Speculation: The catalytic (fluoride-sensitive) moiety of adenylate cyclase appears to be present in human fetal myocardium throughout all stages of development. However, the hormonally sensitive receptor components of the enzyme, namely, the catecholamine- and glucagon-sensitive receptors, appear by the 6th-7th and 8th-9th fetal weeks, respectively. Moreover, the catecholamine receptor is most likely of the β type. Likewise, histamine is capable of activating myocardial adenylate cyclase at an early age. Therefore, it appears that at an early period the human fetal heart may have the capability to respond metabolically to sympathetic influences.
An economic evaluation of voriconazole versus amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in Canada.

BACKGROUND Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a serious fungal infection that affects immunocompromised patients. The Global Comparative Aspergillosis study demonstrated that voriconazole, a new broad-spectrum triazole, had better responses and improved survival compared with conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate (CAB) and other licensed antifungal therapy (OLAT) for the treatment of definite or probable aspergillosis. OBJECTIVES To compare costs and outcomes of voriconazole and CAB for the treatment of definite or probable aspergillosis in Canada. METHODS A cost-consequence decision tree model was designed to reflect the treatment pathways used in clinical practice when using voriconazole or CAB as primary therapy for IA. Therapy included initial treatment with either voriconazole or CAB and then switched to an OLAT in the event of an inadequate response, severe toxicity or intolerance. The principal data source used was the Global Comparative Aspergillosis study. RESULTS The total cost of voriconazole when compared with CAB as initial therapy for IA was $38,319 versus $42,495 per patient, respectively, representing a 9.8% cost reduction for each patient treated with voriconazole. The higher mean cost in the CAB arm was primarily due to the high proportion of patients (73.7%) who were switched to an OLAT due to severe side effects or an inadequate response. Treating with voriconazole was a dominant strategy. The number of patients that had to be treated with voriconazole instead of CAB to save one additional life was eight. CONCLUSIONS Voriconazole as primary treatment for IA increased the chances of successful treatment, improved survival and may represent a potential cost saving strategy in Canada.
Dichelobacter nodosus and Footrot in Swedish Sheep Increased Knowledge and Improved Laboratory Diagnostics

Ovine footrot is a contagious bacterial disease primarily caused by Dichelobacter nodosus. Footrot affects the feet of sheep and is characterised by two major clinical presentations. The milder form consists of inflammation confined to the interdigital space (interdigital dermatitis or benign footrot) and the more severe form includes underrunning of the hoof horn (underrunning or virulent footrot). Disease severity is dependent on several factors including the virulence of the D. nodosus strain, environmental conditions, farming practices, host susceptibility, and co-infecting bacteria. In Sweden, ovine footrot was first diagnosed in 2004, but fast and sensitive diagnostics for D. nodosus were not available. Likewise, knowledge was missing about the D. nodosus strains and co-infection with other lameness-associated bacteria. Hence the overall aim of this thesis project was to increase the knowledge about ovine footrot in Swedish sheep and to improve laboratory diagnostics for it. In this thesis project, sensitive and specific real-time PCR methods to detect and discriminate between virulent and benign strains of D. nodosus were developed and used to characterise D. nodosus from Swedish sheep. The results showed that most of the Swedish D. nodosus are benign and that the virulent type is uncommon. D. nodosus isolates from seven other countries included in the study showed that the D. nodosus genome is highly conserved and that it exists as a globally distributed bimodal population. Furthermore, D. nodosus is mainly associated with the early stages of footrot whereas Fusobacterium necrophorum is associated with the later ones. This confirms the suggested role of F. necrophorum as an opportunistic pathogen rather than the primary pathogen. Although previously proposed, there was no evidence of Treponema spp. in disease development. Finally, a sample pooling method was developed to meet the demands for cost-efficiency in control programs. The method allows samples to be analysed in groups of five with no loss of sensitivity compared to individual samples. It has been implemented in the Swedish Footrot Control Program as a result of this thesis project.
Rate and Power Adaptation for Analog Network Coding

Network coding is an emerging technique of packet forwarding that encodes the packets at the relay node to increase the throughput of a relaying network. Analog network coding (ANC) encodes the packets by superposing the signals at the physical layer, which can further bring throughput improvements. In this paper, we first analyze the coding procedure of ANC and elaborate the fact that the maximum possible number of coding nodes in ANC is two for common wireless transceivers. Then, we propose a rate adaptation scheme for ANC. We show that the transmission powers of nodes affect the data rate and that transmitting at the maximum power is not always optimal. Based on this observation, we propose a method of finding the optimal transmission power that maximizes the data rate. We also discuss some issues that need to be considered when implementing the proposed scheme in practical wireless systems. Then, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through extensive simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed joint rate and power adaptation scheme outperforms ANC without power adaptation and that it is beneficial over other relaying schemes in a broad range of scenarios of mobile and vehicular applications.
Conversations with siblings and with friends : Links between relationship quality and social understanding

This study investigates features of interaction between children that are linked to the development of understanding of mind, and asks whether these associations are evident across different relationships. Comparisons are made of the naturally occurring conversations in a sample of 43 4-year-old children, each observed with a sibling and with a friend. Links between features of these conversational interactions and the children's social cognitive development (theory of mind, emotion understanding), language ability and relationship quality are examined. Social cognitive skills were related to successful communication with siblings and with friends, and (marginally) to joint pretend play in both relationships; the relative significance of language for the development of social understanding differed in the two relationships. Language skills and socio-economic background were important only for conversations and pretend play with friends, not siblings.
Risk-Variant Policy Switching to Exceed Reward Thresholds

This paper presents a decision-theoretic planning approach for probabilistic environments where the agent's goal is to win, which we model as maximizing the probability of being above a given reward threshold. In competitive domains, second is as good as last, and it is often desirable to take risks if one is in danger of losing, even if the risk does not pay off very often. Our algorithm maximizes the probability of being above a particular reward threshold by dynamically switching between a suite of policies, each of which encodes a different level of risk. This method does not explicitly encode time or reward into the state space, and decides when to switch between policies during each execution step. We compare a risk-neutral policy to switching among different risk-sensitive policies, and show that our approach improves the agent's probability of winning.
The mnemonic effect of speech gestures: Pantomimic and non-pantomimic gestures compared

Abstract A video-taped model presented subjects with sets of sentences to be free-recalled. under three presentation conditions: (1) accompanied by pantomimic gestures; (2) accompanied by non-pantomimic gestures; and (3) no gestures present. When the sentences formed a narrative, the gestures did not affect recall. When the sentences were unconnected, recall was higher for the gestured than for tbe non-gestured sentences. The pantomimic and non-pantomimic gestures showed about the same mnemonic effect. The subjects were given a second test, either recall-cued by the gestures, or else free recall of the gestured Sentences only. The pantomimic conditions were superior to the non-pantomimic conditions in both these tests. Possible explanations for the mnemonic effects of the gestures are discussed.
Severe Hypercholesterolemia Associated with Decreased Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase Activity and Pseudohyponatremia in Patients after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

A 55-year-old woman with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in primary induction failure received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from her HLA-compatible sister. Pseudohyponatremia developed due to extreme hypercholesterolemia of 4091 mg/dL accompanied by lipoprotein X and lipoprotein Y. The hypercholesterolemia was caused by cholestasis due to chronic GVHD and ischemic cholangiopathy. In addition, we found that hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) activity was severely decreased, which could be another novel factor causing extreme hypercholesterolemia after allogeneic transplantation. The total cholesterol has been gradually decreasing followed by the improvement of cholestasis with bezafibrate, ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisone treatments, and by a slight increase in HTGL-protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the association of decreased HTGL with extreme hypercholesterolemia after allogeneic transplantation.
Architecture of odor information processing in the olfactory system

Since the discovery of the superfamily of approximately 1000 odorant receptor genes in rodents, the structural simplicity as well as the complexity of the olfactory system have been revealed. The simple aspects include the one neuron-one receptor rule and the exclusive convergence of projections from receptor neurons expressing the same receptors to one or two glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Odor decoding in the olfactory cortex or higher cortical areas is likely to be a complicated process that depends on the sequence of signal activation and the relative signal intensities of receptors overlapping for similar but different odors. The aim of the present study was to investigate odor information processing both in receptors and in the olfactory cortex. At the receptor level, the similarity and difference in receptor codes between a pair of chiral odorants were examined using the tissue-printing method for sampling all the epithelial zones. In order to dissect odor-driven signal processing in the olfactory cortex by reducing cross-talk with the non-olfactory activities, such as cyclic respiration or other sensory inputs, an in vitro preparation of isolated whole brain with an attached nose was developed, and the methodologies and resulting hypothesis of receptor-sensitivity-dependent hierarchical odor information coding were reviewed.
Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research

Over the past decade, analysts have proposed several frameworks to explain the process of radicalization into violent extremism (RVE). These frameworks are based primarily on rational, conceptual models which are neither guided by theory nor derived from systematic research. This article reviews recent (post-9/11) conceptual models of the radicalization process and recent (post-9/11) empirical studies of RVE. It emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between ideological radicalization and terrorism involvement, though both issues deserve further empirical inquiry.Finally, it summarizes some recent RVE-related research efforts, identifies seven things that social science researchers and operational personnel still need to know about violent radicalization, and offers a set of starting assumptions to move forward with a research agenda that might help to thwart tomorrow's terrorists. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol4/iss4/3 Journal of Strategic Security Volume 4 Issue 4 2011, pp. 37-62 DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.4. 4.2 Journal of Strategic Security (c) 2011 ISSN: 1944-0464 eISSN: 1944-0472 37 Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research Randy Borum University of South Florida wborum@usf.edu