Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verification of interacting sequential circuits

The problem of verifying the equivalence of interacting finite state machines (FSMs) described at the logic level is addressed. The problem is formulated as that of checking for the equivalence of the reset/starting states of the two FSMs. Separate sum-of-product representations of the on-sets and off-sets of each of the flip-flop inputs and primary outputs of the sequential circuit are extracted using the PODEM algorithm. A fast algorithm for state differentiation based on this representation is described. The input and the state space are implicitly enumerated through a process of repeated cube intersections to generate the state transition graph. Unlike previous approaches, this algorithm can be efficiently generalized for verifying distributed-style specifications of interacting sequential circuits, exploiting the nature of the interconnection topology. Pipeline latches in a distributed-style specification typically do not add complexity to the sequential behavior of a circuit, but greatly add to the complexity of traditional approaches to verifying sequential circuits. Pipeline latches are easily incorporated into this generalized, hierarchical verification strategy whereby the states of pipeline latches can be implicitly enumerated. <<ETX>>
Limits to sustained energy intake VI. Energetics of lactation in laboratory mice at thermoneutrality

SUMMARY The limits to sustained energy intake are important because of their implications for reproductive output, foraging behaviour and thermoregulatory capabilities. Recent attempts to elucidate the nature of the limits to sustained energy intake have focused on peak lactation, which is the most energetically demanding period for female mammals. The hypothesis that performance of lactating animals is limited peripherally by the capacity of mammary glands to produce milk has received the most attention. However, some empirical data cannot be explained by the peripheral limitation hypothesis. Here, we present a novel hypothesis that the limits to sustained energy intake at peak lactation are imposed by the capacity of the animal to dissipate body heat generated as a by-product of processing food and producing milk. To test the heat dissipation limit hypothesis we challenged reproducing MF1 laboratory mice (N=67) with a reduced potential heat flow between the animal and the environment by exposing them to 30°C (thermoneutral zone). We compared their food intake and reproductive output at peak lactation with animals studied previously at 21°C (N=71) and 8°C (N=15). Mice lactating at 30°C had a significantly lower mean asymptotic food intake (12.4 g day-1) than those at 21°C (23.5 g day-1) and 8°C (28.6 g day-1). On average, mice at 30°C raised significantly fewer (9.8) and smaller (6.1 g) pups than those at 21°C (11.3 pups; 7.0 g per pup) and smaller pups than those at 8°C (9.6 pups; 7.3 g per pup). Consequently, mean litter mass at 30°C (56.0 g) was significantly lower than at 21°C (77.1 g) and at 8°C (68.7 g). The mean rate of litter mass increase at 30°C (2.1 g day-1) was also lower than at 21°C (3.1 g day-1). The reduced food intake and low reproductive output in mice lactating at 30°C are consistent with the heat dissipation limit hypothesis.
H0LiCOW – I. H0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's wellspring: program overview

Strong gravitational lens systems with time delays between the multiple images allow measurements of time-delay distances, which are primarily sensitive to the Hubble constant that is key to probing dark energy, neutrino physics and the spatial curvature of the Universe, as well as discovering new physics. We present H0LiCOW (H-0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring), a program that aims to measure H-0 with <3.5 per cent uncertainty from five lens systems (B1608+ 656, RXJ1131-1231, HE 0435-1223, WFI2033-4723 and HE 1104-1805). We have been acquiring (1) time delays through COSMOGRAIL and Very Large Array monitoring, (2) high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging for the lens mass modelling, (3) wide-field imaging and spectroscopy to characterize the lens environment and (4) moderate-resolution spectroscopy to obtain the stellar velocity dispersion of the lenses for mass modelling. In cosmological models with one-parameter extension to flat Lambda cold dark matter, we expect to measure H-0 to <3.5 per cent in most models, spatial curvature Omega(k) to 0.004, w to 0.14 and the effective number of neutrino species to 0.2 (1s uncertainties) when combined with current cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. These are, respectively, a factor of similar to 15, similar to 2 and similar to 1.5 tighter than CMB alone. Our data set will further enable us to study the stellar initial mass function of the lens galaxies, and the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. This program will provide a foundation for extracting cosmological distances from the hundreds of time-delay lenses that are expected to be discovered in current and future surveys.
Spatio-temporal Modelling and Analysis of Epileptiform EEG

In this thesis we investigate the mechanisms underlying the generation of abnormal EEG rhythms in epilepsy, which is a crucial step towards better treatment of this disorder in the future. To this end, macroscopic scale mathematical models of the interactions between neuronal populations are examined. In particular, the role of interactions between neural masses that are spatially distributed in cortical networks are explored. In addition, two other important aspects of the modelling process are addressed, namely the conversion of macroscopic model variables into EEG output and the comparison of multivariate, spatio-temporal data. For the latter, we adopt a vectorisation of the correlation matrix of windowed data and subsequent comparison of data by vector distance measures.Our modelling studies indicate that excitatory connectivity between neural masses facilitates self-organised dynamics. In particular, we report for the first time the production of complex rhythmic transients and the generation of intermittent periods of ? abnormal? rhythmic activity in two different models of epileptogenic tissue. These models therefore provide novel accounts of the spontaneous, intermittent transition between normal and pathological rhythms in primarily generalised epilepsies and the evocation of complex, self-terminating, spatio-temporal dynamics by brief stimulation in focal epilepsies.Two key properties of these models are excitability at the macroscopic level and the presence of spatial heterogeneities. The identification of neural mass excitability as an important processes in spatially extended brain networks is a step towards uncovering the multi-scale nature of the pathological mechanisms of epilepsy. A direct consequence of this work is therefore that novel experimental investigations are proposed, which in itself is a validation of our modelling approach. In addition, new considerations regarding the nature of dynamical systems as applied to problems of transitions between rhythmic states are proposed and will prompt future investigations of complex transients in spatio-temporal excitable systems.
Gender, Adult Attachment Styles, and the Tendency to Commit Dating Infidelity: A Mixed Methods Study

This mixed methods study looked into whether gender and adult attachment style influence one’s tendency to commit dating infidelity. Infidelity has three types: physical infidelity, emotional infidelity, and combined infidelity. We constructed and administered the adult attachment style test, and the infidelity tendency and type scale to 262 participants who were not married but had at least been in a committed relationship. After conducting two-way ANOVA tests, it was found that males had the higher propensity to commit all three types of infidelity. Moreover, those with avoidant adult attachment styles were most likely to commit all types of infidelity compared with those with secure and anxious ambivalent attachment styles. We used thematic analysis for the qualitative part of the study to explore other social factors that contribute to one’s dating infidelity tendency. We interviewed six participants and found two major themes that may influence the person’s dating infidelity tendency: perception of infidelity and relationship with the dating partner.
Blind Audio-Visual Source Separation Using Sparse Redundant Representations

This report presents a new method to confront the Blind Audio Source Separation (BASS) problem, by means of audio and visual information. In a given mixture, we are able to locate the video sources first and, posteriorly, recover each source signal, only with one microphone and the associated video. The proposed model is based on the Matching Pursuit (MP) [18] decomposition of both audio and video signals into meaningful structures. Frequency components are extracted from the soundtrack, with the consequent information about energy content in the time-frequency plane of a sound. Moreover, the MP decomposition of the audio is robust in front of noise, because of its plain characteristic in this plane. Concerning the video, the temporal displacement of geometric features means movement in the image. If temporally close to an audio event, this feature points out the video structure which has generated this sound. The method we present links audio and visual structures (atoms) according to their temporal proximity, building audiovisual relationships. Video sources are identified and located in the image exploiting these connections, using a clustering algorithm that rewards video features most frequently related to audio in the whole sequence. The goal of BASS is also achieved considering the audiovisual relationships. First, the video structures close to a source are classified as belonging to it. Then, our method assigns the audio atoms according to the source of the video features related. At this point, the separation performed with the audio reconstruction is still limited, with problems when sources are active exactly at the same time. This procedure allows us to discover temporal periods of activity of each source. However, with a temporal analysis alone it is not possible to separate audio features of different sources precisely synchronous. The goal, now, is to learn the sources frequency behavior when only each one of them is active to predict those moments when they overlap. Applying a simple frequency association, results improve considerably with separated soundtracks of a better audible quality. In this report, we will analyze in depth all the steps of the proposed approach, remarking the motivation of each one of them.
Complex Spatial Responses to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection in Susceptible Cucurbita pepo Cotyledons

Cucumber mosaic virus infection of its susceptible host Cucurbita pepo results in a program of biochemical changes after virus infection. Applying a spatial analysis to expanding infected lesions, we investigated the relationship between the changes in enzyme activity and gene expression. Patterns of altered expression were seen that could not be detected by RNA gel blot analysis. For all the host genes studied, there was a downregulation (shutoff) of expression within the lesion. In addition, two distinct types of upregulation were observed. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and NADP+-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) showed induction in apparently uninfected cells ahead of the infection. This response was more localized than the upregulation exhibited by catalase expression, which occurred throughout the uninfected regions of the tissue. The experiments showed that virus infection induced immediate and subsequent changes in gene expression by the host and that the infection has the potential to give advance signaling of the imminent infection.
Alteraciones cognitivas en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Evaluación de la plasticidad cerebral con resonancia magnética funcional

El objetivo de este trabajo era comprobar la capacidad de rehabilitacion cognitiva de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Para ello, se selecciono un grupo de pacientes con EP y se les sometio a una resonancia magnetica mientras llevaban a cabo la tarea Stroop. Durante 6 meses la mitad de ellos realizaron un programa de entrenamiento cognitivo basado en la tarea SUDOKU. Tras este periodo, todos los pacientes y los controles fueron evaluados de nuevo. Los resultados indicaron que el entrenamiento tiene resultados beneficiosos para los pacientes con EP. ABSTRACT: Objectives: To check the cerebral effects of cognitive training in Parkinson�s disease (PD) patients. Materials and Methods: The pilot study was carried out with 16 non-demented PD patients and 16 healthy subjects. In the Test phase and Retest phase (6 months later) eight non demented PD patients and eight healthy controls were evaluated (Hoehn & Yahr, UPDRS, MMSE, MADRS scales and clinical history). All subjects underwent fMRI examination while doing the Stroop test in the modified version of Scholes (2006) with 160 stimuli (80 congruent and 80 incongruent). Then, half of PD patients completed a cognitive rehabilitation training programme lasting 6 months (PD training patients). Training consisted of completing an easy �sudoku� every day for 6 months; after which patients and controls were evaluated again with a Stroop while undergoing the fMRI test. Results: PD patients took significantly more time to complete the task than the control subjects but the difference between the scores was not statistically significant. In PD patients without training the same areas were activated as in the control subjects (this already seen activated in the Stroop task), but also some emotional areas and basal ganglia nuclei. PD patients with training showed additional temporal areas activated in respect to the controls but not in respect to untrained PD patients. Conclusions: To complete the task PD patients probably need to activate emotional areas and extra-activation of basal ganglia, which would imply an additional interactions of thalamus activation and inhibition and an impaired inhibition of the cortex. The consequence would be the activation of unnecessary areas and slower of the cognitive activity
A Qualitative Application of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Examine Determinants of Guideline Adherence Among Physical Therapists

Background: Evidence-based practice has become a major issue in physical therapy. Many evidence-based guidelines, however, are not used extensively after dissemination, and interventions aimed at increasing guideline adherence often have limited effects. Objective: As a prerequisite for changing this situation, the aims of this study were to gain an in-depth understanding of the determinants of guideline adherence among physical therapists in the Netherlands and to evaluate the opportunities of a theoretical framework in this respect. Design and Methods: This observational study consisted of 3 focus group interviews (n=12, 10, and 8) between November 2002 and January 2003. Physical therapists were asked to discuss their opinions about and experiences with the Dutch guidelines for low back pain. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a directed approach to content analysis. Both the interview route and the analysis of the interviews were informed by Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Results: Our study yielded in-depth insights into the various determinants of guideline adherence. Overall, the participants had rather unfavorable opinions about issues related to the dissemination of the guidelines (first phase of the diffusion process) and provided relatively little information on the subsequent adoption process (second phase of the diffusion process). The theoretical framework appeared to be a useful tool to properly structure the focus group interviews, to systematically analyze the data collected, and to determine that supplementary interviews would be necessary to cover the entire diffusion process. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the diffusion process of guidelines among physical therapists was not yet completed. The use of theory can provide added value to guideline implementation studies.
Hubungan Antara Konsep Diri dan Kematangan Emosi dengan Penyesuaian Diri Istri yang Tinggal Bersama Keluarga Suami

Adjustment to the wife in husband's family is one of the essential inmarital adjustment. The success of the wife in the process of adjustment to the husband's family will give a sense of satisfaction, happiness and stability in the lives of his wife and soul to create harmony, both the husband and the husband's family. Adjustment wife was itself influenced by the concept of self and emotional maturity. This study aims to determine empirically the relationship between self concept and emotional maturity with self-adjustment on wife who lives with husband's family.The population in this study is the wife in the RW. 03 GodongVillage, District Godong, District Grobogan with characteristics: living with husband's family, the marriage age is less than 5 years and the first marriage. The sampling method used is purposive sampling with sample size 60 people. Data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis and partial correlation analysis.The results of regression analysis correlation coefficient valuesobtained Rx12y = 0.603, F = 16.247 with p = 0.000 (p <0.01) and coefficient of determination = 0.363, that it can be concluded there is a relationship between self concept and emotional maturity to self-adjustment wife who lived with family husband, the effective contribution of the variable self concept and emotional maturity to self-adjustment wife who lives with husband's family at 36.3%. The results obtained partial correlation analysis (1) correlation coefficient rx1y-2 = 0.362 with p = 0.005 (p <0.01), so that there are positive and highly significant relationship between self-concept and self-adjustment wife who lives with husband's family by controlling the emotional maturity, (2) the correlation coefficientrx2y-2 = 0.336 with p = 0.009 (p <0.01), so that there are positive and highly significant relationship between emotional maturity with self-adjustment wife who lives with husband's family with the concept of self-control.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS) co‐administered with cyclosporine in the early‐phase post‐kidney transplantation

Stracke S, Shipkova M, Mayer J, Keller F, Zarghom A, Yang L, Henne‐Bruns D, Wieland E. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS) co‐administered with cyclosporine in the early‐phase post‐kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 57–66. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Maternal Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy: A 12 Year Follow-Up of a Randomised Controlled Trial

A number of trials have been undertaken to assess whether the intake of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) during pregnancy can influence the neurological development of the offspring, yet no consensus from these trials has been reached. We aimed to investigate the long-term effects (12 years) of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on neurodevelopment, including cognition, language and fine motor skills. In a follow up of a previously published randomised controlled trial of 98 pregnant women, their children were assessed at 12 years of age using a battery of neurodevelopmental assessments. Fifty participants were assessed at 12 years, with 25 participant’s mothers receiving fish oil supplementation, and 25 receiving control capsules. There were no significant differences for any of the assessment measures completed. Our data indicate that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy does not influence the cognition, language or fine motor skills of children in late primary school (12 years of age).
Can Exercise Capacity Assessed by the 6 Minute Walk Test Predict the Development of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with STEMI after Fibrinolysis?

Background To assess the added value of the 6 minute walk test distance (6MWTD) in the risk-stratification methods for patients with ST -segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with fibrinolysis. Methodology/Principal Findings This is a prospective cohort study of one hundred consecutive patients with STEMI, who had received fibrinolysis, at Assuit University Hospital. All patients underwent 6MWT pre- discharge and were followed up for 3 months to monitor the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of 6MWTD (level I>450 m, level II = 300–450 m and level III<300 m). Among the study population, the median 6MWT distance was 370 meters (interquartile range 162–462). The mean age was 60.9±10.7 years, 71.9% of them were males, 2/3 had anterior MI. only 10.5% had successful thrombolysis. Compared to patients in level I (>450 m), patients in level III (<300 m) were more likely to have clinical risk factors as hypertension, diabetes and impaired renal function. The patient's mean TIMI score was 3.4±2.2, the mean GRACE score was 150.5±27.7. There was a significant negative correlation between the 6 MWTD and GRACE risk score (r = −0.80, p<0.001). At 3 months of follow-up, 51% had MACE including 16% were dead. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the GRACE risk score and 6MWT distance levels were the best predictors of the MACE at 3 month of follow up. The incidence of MACE was 4 times higher in patients with high GRACE risk score who couldn't walk more than 300 meters (OR = 4.66, 95% CI = 1.1–14.5, p = 0.006). Conclusions/Significance In patients with STEMI treated with fibrinolysis, the addition of 6MWTD assessment pre-discharge to the traditional GRACE risk score improved the risk prediction of cardiovascular events at 3 month follow up.
Improved response time analysis of sporadic DAG tasks for global FP scheduling

One of the major sources of pessimism in the response time analysis of globally scheduled real-time tasks is the computation of the upper-bound on the inter-task interference. This problem is further exacerbated when intra-task parallelism is permitted, because of the complex internal structure of parallel tasks. This paper considers the global fixed-priority scheduling (G-FP) of sporadic real-time tasks, each one modeled by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of parallel subtasks. We present a response time analysis (RTA) technique based on the concept of problem window. We propose two novel techniques to derive less pessimistic upper-bounds on the workload produced by the carry-in and carry-out jobs of the interfering tasks, by taking into account the precedence constraints between their subtasks. We show that with these new upper-bounds, the proposed schedulability test does not only theoretically dominate state-of-the-art techniques but also offers significant improvements on the schedulability of DAG tasks for randomly generated task sets.
Rotavirus Surveillance in Urban and Rural Areas of Niger, April 2010–March 2012

Knowledge of rotavirus epidemiology is necessary to make informed decisions about vaccine introduction and to evaluate vaccine impact. During April 2010–March 2012, rotavirus surveillance was conducted among 9,745 children <5 years of age in 14 hospitals/health centers in Niger, where rotavirus vaccine has not been introduced. Study participants had acute watery diarrhea and moderate to severe dehydration, and 20% of the children were enrolled in a nutrition program. Of the 9,745 children, 30.6% were rotavirus positive. Genotyping of a subset of positive samples showed a variety of genotypes during the first year, although G2P[4] predominated. G12 genotypes, including G12P[8], which has emerged as a predominant strain in western Africa, represented >80% of isolates during the second year. Hospitalization and death rates and severe dehydration among rotavirus case-patients did not differ during the 2 years. The emergence of G12P[8] warrants close attention to the characteristics of associated epidemics and possible prevention measures.