Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'Social Democracy on the Back Foot': The ALP and the 'New' Australian Model

It is thirty years since critics  rst identi ed the end of the ‘Golden Age’ of social democracy. In the intervening period the parties to which this label is most appropriately attached have either shown a continuing capacity to win elections or, as most spectacularly in the British case, have remade themselves as powerful election-winning machines. What is much less clear is whether these parties in of ce have had either the will or, more importantly, the capacity to pursue what has up until now been thought of as a social democratic agenda. Certainly, there is widespread (though far from universal) agreement that the traditional postwar social democratic strategy, neatly if rather misleadingly referred to as ‘Keynesianism plus the welfare state’, has become increasingly dif cult to prosecute. Of course, ‘Keynesianism plus the welfare state’ was never the only possible way of doing social democratic politics (if, following Eric Hobsbawm, we attach this label to any political strategy which aims ‘to regulate and socialise the wealth-creating and directionless economic dynamism of capitalism, not replace it’). Indeed, in the late 1980s, a veritable cottage industry grew up around the process of generating ‘programmatic renewal’, as the leaders of social democratic parties and their policy advisers sought to ‘re-de ne’ their political programmes in ways that were, as they saw it, both more viable and (hence) electorally more attractive. Through time the character of this reorientation has changed. In the late 1970s and 1980s, mainstream explanations of the dif culties of social democratic parties tended to be resolutely domestic (focusing upon over-powerful trades unions, changes in class structure and the overloading of welfare states). Increasingly, in the late 1980s and 1990s, attention shifted towards the international or global impediments to social democratic regimes (the heightened international mobility of capital, the intensi cation of international trade, the requirements of ‘competitiveness ’). Now the context for renewal is seen to be set, above all, by the dynamics of international or globalised economic forces (though many remain sceptical about the real limits imposed by globalisation) .
Risk and efficiency in the Central and Eastern European banking industry under quantile analysis

This paper estimates cost efficiency in the banking industry of 11 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries over the period 1998–2005 using a quantile regression analysis. Our purpose is to investigate for the first time whether cost efficiency in CEE banks differs across quantiles of the conditional distribution. We employ stochastic frontier analysis across quantiles using the Distribution-Free Approach. The reported evidence demonstrates lower efficiency scores for higher conditional distributions. The paper goes further into a second-stage analysis to investigate how risk, measured by non-performing loans and loans loss provisions, affects bank efficiency across quantiles. This second-stage analysis finds that risk asserts a negative impact on cost efficiency, especially in high-order quantiles. Finally, the paper investigates the relationship between bank-specific ‘z’ variables, such as structural reforms, bank concentration and profitability, and cost efficiency across quantiles.
Varieties of Populism in a Changing Global Context: The Divergent Paths of Erdogan and Kirchnerismo

While the literature on populism is rich on specifying the characteristics of populist movements that distinguishes them from non-populists, much less attention has been paid on distinguishing between different types of populist movements. In this article we highlight and account for divergent trajectories of populist practice in two major emerging economies – Argentina and Turkey. We stress that both the Kirchner governments of Argentina and the Erdogan governments of Turkey closely fit to the populist pattern of rule, yet a close analysis of their policies suggests a left-wing type of populism in Argentina and a right-wing type in Turkey. Beyond identifying divergent strands of populism in two national contexts, we also explain the mix of domestic and external factors that accounts for this contrasting pattern.
Resource mobilization through business owners' networks: is gender an issue?

Purpose – In this paper, a social capital perspective is presented to illustrate the interaction between gender and resource mobilization through business owners' networks.Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores the resources provided by key supporters of small and young Spanish business owners within the professional service sector.Findings – The findings suggest that a small group of key individuals provides a diverse range of mainly intangible support to the entrepreneur. Overall, the paper finds only limited support for the idea that male and female networks differ in resource mobilization except for the source of contacts‐referrals and emotional capital. The importance of including emotional capital is evident in the fact that men and women seek it in large numbers, although few studies consider it within the resources provided by the entrepreneurial networks, since it is normally attributed to women and the private sphere.Research limitations/implications – It seems that women business own.
Interest Rate Risk of European Financial Corporations

We investigate the interest rate exposure of large European financial corporations' equity returns. For the period from January 1982 to March 1995 we estimate multifactor index models to examine the sensitivity of equity returns to market index returns and domestic as well as global interest rate movements. In addition, we specify an APT-model to test whether an exposure to interest rate movements is rewarded in the cross-section of expected returns. In the four European markets both domestic and global interest rate shifts constitute driving forces of stock returns beyond the influence of the domestic market indices. However, the exposure to interest rate movements does not seem to be rewarded in the same fashion among the markets.
Optimal and Long-Term Dynamic Transport Policy Design: Seeking Maximum Social Welfare through a Pricing Scheme

ABSTRACT This article presents an alternative approach to the decision-making process in transport strategy design. The study explores the possibility of integrating forecasting, assessment and optimization procedures in support of a decision-making process designed to reach the best achievable scenario through mobility policies. Long-term evaluation, as required by a dynamic system such as a city, is provided by a strategic Land-Use and Transport Interaction (LUTI) model. The social welfare achieved by implementing mobility LUTI model policies is measured through a cost-benefit analysis and maximized through an optimization process throughout the evaluation period. The method is tested by optimizing a pricing policy scheme in Madrid on a cordon toll in a context requiring system efficiency, social equity and environmental quality. The optimized scheme yields an appreciable increase in social surplus through a relatively low rate compared to other similar pricing toll schemes. The results highlight the different considerations regarding mobility impacts on the case study area, as well as the major contributors to social welfare surplus. This leads the authors to reconsider the cost-analysis approach, as defined in the study, as the best option for formulating sustainability measures.
Immune response following oral administration of cholera toxin B subunit to HIV‐1-infected UK and Kenyan subjects

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of HIV-1 infection on immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibody response and circulating antibody forming cell response to oral immunization with the B subunit of cholera toxin. DesignHealthy UK volunteers, and HIV-1-positive UK and Kenyan volunteers at different clinical stages of HIV-1 infection received two oral immunizations. CD4+ T cells, serum β2-microglobulin and neopterin were measured as surrogate markers of disease stage, and correlated with immunization response. MethodsSerum antitoxin IgG and IgA measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and antitoxin IgG, IgA and IgM antibody-forming cells detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay at different times after two oral immunizations. ResultsUK HIV-positive volunteers (mean CD4+ T cell count, 52 × 106/l) responded poorly to primary and booster immunization. HIV-infected Kenyans (752 × 106/l CD4+ T cells) had a significant primary and booster antibody response, whereas those with a mean CD4+ T cell count 186 × 106/l had an insignificant primary, but significant booster response. Two oral immunizations induced antibody responses in HIV-positive Kenyan groups (who may have prior immunity from exposure to environmental bacterial toxins) of similar or greater magnitude to healthy UK volunteers. ConclusionsMucosal immunization may recall immune memory and be of benefit in early and moderately advanced clinical HIV disease. The findings have important clinical implications in that mucosally targeted vaccines are potentially useful in this group of patients.
Supporting Simple Activity Engagement in Persons With Moderate to Severe Alzheimer’s Disease Through a Technology-Aided Program

Objectives: These 2 studies assessed a technology-aided program to support mild physical exercise or simple occupational activity in participants with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Study 1 included 11 participants who were to perform a leg-raising response. Study 2 included 10 participants who were to sort objects into different containers. The program ensured that they received positive stimulation contingent on the responses and reminders/prompts after periods of nonresponding. Each study was carried out according to a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. Results: The program was successful in supporting mild physical exercise and activity with objects in the 2 groups of participants, respectively. The participants also showed signs of positive involvement (eg, smiles and verbalizations) during the sessions. Moreover, staff personnel rated the program and its impact positively. Conclusion: The program may be considered a practical resource for supporting positive engagement in persons with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease.
Long‐Term Survival of Intestinal Allografts Induced by Costimulation Blockade, Busulfan and Donor Bone Marrow Infusion

Tolerance‐inducing strategies that infuse donor bone marrow cells in conjunction with costimulation blockade have not been applied to intestinal transplantation. Intestines from BALB/c mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 recipients treated with anti‐CD40L mAb, CTLA4‐Ig, donor bone marrow, and busulfan. The majority of mice transplanted after completion of this regimen developed hematopoietic macrochimerism, although the degree of chimerism varied widely between recipients, and experienced long‐term allograft survival. T cells from these mice demonstrated donor‐specific hyporesponsiveness in vitro. However, T cells from chimeric mice proliferated to donor alloantigen in vivo. Furthermore, chimeric mice bearing intestinal allografts were capable of rejecting subsequently placed donor‐strain skin grafts. These data suggest that although long‐term allograft survival occurs in the absence of acute or chronic rejection, recipient mice are not completely unresponsive to donor alloantigens. When intestinal transplantation was performed at the time of initial bone marrow infusion (initiation of the chimerism protocol), most recipients failed to develop chimerism and promptly rejected the intestinal allograft. Although this is the most effective protocol that we have tested using this stringent model of transplantation, our observations suggest that modifications will be necessary before it can be reliably applied to the transplantation of highly immunogeneic organs like the intestine.
Endothelial-dependent vasodilation is impaired in children with sickle cell disease

Impairment of endothelial-dependent vasodilation has been demonstrated in adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA). We enrolled 21 SCA children, mean age 10.4±3.3 yrs, and 23 Afro-Caribbean controls. We examined flow-mediated (FMD) and nitroglycerine-mediated (GTNMD) dilation of the brachial artery, using echotracking techniques, and measured intima-media thickness (IMT) and mechanical properties of the common carotid artery. FMD was significantly decreased in SCA children vs controls (5.6±0.2 vs 8.0±0.2%, p=0.008), while IMT, stiffness of the common carotid artery, and GTNMD were comparable. In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction is present as early as childhood in SCA patients.
Preclinical medical student observations associated with later professionalism concerns

Abstract Purpose: Professionalism is a core physician competency and identifying students at risk for poor professional development early in their careers may allow for mentoring. This study identified indicators in the preclinical years associated with later professionalism concerns. Methods: A retrospective analysis of observable indicators in the preclinical and clinical years was conducted using two classes of students (n = 226). Relationships between five potential indicators of poor professionalism in the preclinical years and observations related to professional concerns in the clinical years were analyzed. Results: Fifty-three medical students were identified with at least one preclinical indicator and one professionalism concern during the clinical years. Two observable preclinical indicators were significantly correlated with unprofessional conduct during the clinical years: Three or more absences from attendance-required sessions (odds ratio 4.47; p=.006) and negative peer assessment (odds ratio 3.35; p=.049). Conclusions: We identified two significant observable preclinical indicators associated with later professionalism concerns: excessive absences and negative peer assessments. Early recognition of students at risk for future professionalism struggles would provide an opportunity for proactive professional development prior to the clinical years, when students’ permanent records may be affected. Peer assessment, coupled with attention to frequent absences, may be a method to provide early recognition.
High‐dose therapy improves the bone remodelling compartment canopy coverage and bone formation in multiple myeloma

Bone loss in multiple myeloma (MM) is caused by an uncoupling of bone formation to resorption trigged by malignant plasma cells. Increasing evidence indicates that the bone remodelling compartment (BRC) canopy, which normally covers the remodelling sites, is important for coupled bone remodelling. Loss of this canopy has been associated with bone loss. This study addresses whether the bone remodelling in MM is improved by high‐dose therapy. Bone marrow biopsies obtained from 20 MM patients, before and after first‐line treatment with high‐dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplantation, and from 20 control patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance were histomorphometrically investigated. This investigation confirmed that MM patients exhibited uncoupled bone formation to resorption and reduced canopy coverage. More importantly, this study revealed that a good response to anti‐myeloma treatment increased the extent of formative bone surfaces with canopy, and reduced the extent of eroded surfaces without canopy, reverting the uncoupled bone remodelling, while improving canopy coverage. The association between improved coupling and the canopy coverage supports the notion that canopies are critical for the coupling of bone formation to resorption. Furthermore, this study supports the observation that systemic bone disease in MM can be reversed in MM patients responding to anti‐myeloma treatment.
OCCURRENCE OF UNUSUAL SALMONELLAE IN LABORATORY MICE

NH40H (1:1, v/v) and estimated after steam distillation in a Markham apparatus; pyruvate was estimated as the 2 ,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (Grossman and Postgate, J. Gen. Microbiol. 12:429, 1955). Table 2 records that five strains converted pyruvate stoichiometrically to acetate. Strain Teddington Garden was grown 40 hr in vacuo and, after acidification to 0.2 N with H2SO4, the gas was collected under water; gasphase chromatography by N. Ryckman showed that it was H2 plus C02. Ratios of H2 to C02 formed are given in Table 2 and were determined in the following manner. On their sixth passage in sulfate-free pyruvate medium, the substrate
Linear Information Dynamics, Dividend Irrelevance, Corporate Valuation and the Clean Surplus Relationship

This paper adopts the linear information dynamics framework pioneered in Ohlson (1979) and Garman and Ohlson (1980) (and subsequently used in, in particular, Ohlson, 1989, 1995 and Feltham and Ohlson, 1995) for thinking about desirable properties of earnings numbers in the context of the market valuation of firms, where such valuations are fundamentally based on expected future dividends. The first purpose of this paper is to consider the valuation-relevance of clean surplus earnings when there are two distinct components of clean surplus earnings whose evolutions are governed, along with book value and dividends, by a system of linear information dynamics, and dividend irrelevancy holds. The system of linear information dynamics assumed ensures that corporate value is a linear combination of the two components of clean surplus earnings, book value and dividends. One question becomes—under what circumstances are clean surplus earnings (combined with book value and dividends) sufficient for corporate valuation without a knowledge of the breakdown of clean surplus earnings into its separate components? This paper develops the conditions defining these circumstances. At the other extreme, another question can be asked—under what circumstances is one component of clean surplus earnings irrelevant to corporate valuation? This paper identifies some conditions that identify these latter circumstances. The second purpose of the paper is to identify implications of these results for both the traditional arguments about the desirability of measuring earnings on a clean surplus basis and also the more contemporary issues surrounding FRS3. A third purpose is to discuss the implications of the overall analysis for the empirical testing of the relationship between market prices and earnings numbers, and for empirically-justified definitions of maintainable earnings.
Connecting Instruction and Management in a Student-Centered Classroom

Ms. Thompson's seventh grade stu dents have been studying the solar system and are busily working in cooperative learning groups. Each group has been assigned one planet and their objective is to create a description of a being that could live on "their" planet. Because Ms. Thompson has done a good job of orches trating positive interdependence, students are relying on their groups to achieve their objective while the teacher serves as a facilitator (Johnson, Johnson, Holubec, & Roy, 1988). The noise level here is slightly higher than in the typical classroom as students interact with each other and fulfill their assigned roles. The teacher explained the rules for behavior to the students prior to beginning the project: "Keep hands, feet, and objects to yourself," "Let others have a chance to speak," and "Contribute to your group. " She has predetermined consequences for both appropriate and inappropriate behavior and shared those with the class. Ray and Bill have been having trouble getting along together and today does not seem to be an exception as they continue to "pick on" each other. Even though a warning has been issued to both students, there is yet another altercation between them. Ms. Thompson explains, "Boys, this means detention for both of you. " Ray turns pale and looks upset. Bill continues poking Ray with his pencil and says, "Detention's no big deal. I don't care. " Ms. Thompson explains to Bill that a call to his par ents will be made. The classroom environment promoted by this teacher is typical of many middle school teachers. The instruction was creative and student centered, but the classroom management techniques were expedient and teacher centered. There can be little doubt that an inter
Folate status in women of childbearing age with obesity: a review

Abstract Several studies have described a positive association between elevated BMI and birth defects risk. Data on plasma concentration of folate in pregnant women with obesity have shown values far below those recommended, regardless of diet, while folate levels should increase before pregnancy to reduce neural tube defects. We report a descriptive review of the most recent studies (from 2005 to 2015) to evaluate folate status through a population of women of childbearing age affected by obesity. The literature contains few studies, which present conflicting results regarding folate status in non-pregnant women of childbearing age affected by obesity, and it appears that there is a modification in folate metabolism, with a reduction in plasma folate levels and an increase in erythrocyte folate uptake. In conclusion, the folate status in women of childbearing age should be assessed by both plasma and erythrocyte levels to start a personalised and more adequate supplementation before conception. Further studies need to be conducted in a larger population, which take into account variables that can affect folate metabolism, such as dietary intake, lifestyle and genetic factors, oral contraceptives or other drug use, previous weight-loss programmes, or a history of bariatric surgery.
Regulation of Serum Response Factor-Dependent Gene Expression by Proteasome Inhibitors

Serum response factor (SRF) is activated by contractile and hypertrophic agonists, such as endothelin-1 (ET1) to stimulate expression of cytoskeletal proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While studying the regulation of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) expression at the level of protein stability, we discovered that inhibition of proteasome-dependent protein degradation by N-benzoyloxycarbonyl (Z)-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132) or lactacystin (LC) did not enhance the levels of SMA, but, unexpectedly, attenuated SMA expression in response to ET1, without affecting the viability of VSMCs. Down-regulation of SMA protein by MG132 or LC occurred at the level of SMA transcription and via the inhibition of SRF activity. By contrast, MG132 and LC potentiated the activity of activator protein-1 transcription factor. Regulation of SRF by MG132 was not related to inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, an established target of proteasome inhibitors, and was not mediated by protein kinase A, a powerful regulator of SRF activity. Signaling studies indicate that inhibition of ET1-induced SRF activity by MG132 occurs at the level downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins Gq/11 and G13, of small GTPase RhoA, and of actin dynamics but at the level of SRF-DNA binding. MG132 treatment did not result in ubiquitination or accumulation of SRF. By contrast, the levels of c-Jun were rapidly increased upon incubation of cells with MG132, and ectopic overexpression of c-Jun mimicked the effect of MG132 on SRF activity. Together, these data suggest that inhibition of proteasome results in down-regulation of SMA expression via up-regulation of c-Jun and repression of SRF activity at the level of DNA binding.
Assessing Macroprudential Policies: Case of South Korea

In this paper, we develop methods for assessing the sensitivity of capital flows to global financial conditions. We use these methods to assess the impact of macroprudential policies introduced by South Korea in 2010. Relative to a comparison group of countries, we find that the sensitivity of capital flows into South Korea to global conditions decreased in the period following the introduction of macroprudential policies.