Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance and calibration of the NIKA camera at the IRAM 30 m telescope

The New IRAM KID Array (NIKA) instrument is a dual-band imaging camera operating with Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID) cooled at 100 mK. NIKA is designed to observe the sky at wavelengths of 1.25 and 2.14 mm from the IRAM 30m telescope at Pico Veleta with an estimated resolution of 13 arcsec and 18 arcsec respectively. This work presents the performance of the NIKA camera prior to its opening to the astrophysical community as an IRAM common user facility in early 2014. NIKA is a test-bench for the final NIKA2 instrument to be installed at the end of 2015. The last NIKA observation campaigns on November 2012 and June 2013 have been used to evaluate this performance and to improve the control of systematic effects. We discuss here the dynamical tuning of the readout electronics to optimize the KID working point with respect to background changes and the new technique of atmospheric absorption correction. These modifications improve significantly the overall linearity, sensitivity and absolute calibration performance of NIKA. This is proved on observations of point-like sources for which we obtain a best sensitivity (averaged over all valid detectors) of 40 and 14 mJy.s^1/2 for optimal weather conditions for the 1.25 and 2.14 mm arrays, respectively. NIKA observations of well known extended sources (DR21 complex and the Horsehead nebula) are presented. This performance makes the NIKA camera a competitive astrophysical instrument.
Thermo-electro-mechanical response of 1-3-2 type piezoelectric composites

A micromechanics-based analytical model is developed to evaluate the performance of 1-3-2 piezoelectric composite where both matrix and fiber materials are piezoelectrically active. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the ceramic base and the fiber volume fraction on the modified 1-3 composite. The performance of the 1-3-2 composite as a transducer for underwater acoustics and biomedical imaging applications has been analyzed. The proposed model is capable of predicting the effective properties of the composite subjected to thermoelectromechanical loading conditions. Simulated results of 1-3 type piezocomposite compare well with experimentally measured data reported in the literature (Taunaumang et al 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 484–9). The present study demonstrates that the low end ceramic base volume fraction of 1-3-2 composite yields comparative performance with 1-3 type composite. It is observed that the influence of thermal effects on the effective properties of the composite also induces the polarization in the composite.
Identification and analysis of low-molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon in subglacial basal ice ecosystems by ion chromatography

Abstract. Determining the concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in glacial ecosystems is important for assessments of in situ microbial activity and contributions to wider biogeochemical cycles. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge of the abundance and character of DOC in basal ice and the subglacial environment and a lack of quantitative data on low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOC components, which are believed to be highly bioavailable to microorganisms. We investigated the abundance and composition of DOC in basal ice via a molecular-level DOC analysis. Spectrofluorometry and a novel ion chromatographic method, which has been little utilized in glacial science for LMW-DOC determinations, were employed to identify and quantify the major LMW fractions (free amino acids, carbohydrates, and carboxylic acids) in basal ice from four glaciers, each with a different type of overridden material (i.e. the pre-entrainment sedimentary type such as lacustrine material or palaeosols). Basal ice from Joyce Glacier (Antarctica) was unique in that 98 % of the LMW-DOC was derived from the extremely diverse free amino acid (FAA) pool, comprising 14 FAAs. LMW-DOC concentrations in basal ice were dependent on the bioavailability of the overridden organic carbon (OC), which in turn was influenced by the type of overridden material. Mean LMW-DOC concentrations in basal ice from Russell Glacier (Greenland), Finsterwalderbreen (Svalbard), and Engabreen (Norway) were low (0–417 nM C), attributed to the relatively refractory nature of the OC in the overridden palaeosols and bedrock. In contrast, mean LMW-DOC concentrations were an order of magnitude higher (4430 nM C) in basal ice from Joyce Glacier, a reflection of the high bioavailability of the overridden lacustrine material (> 17 % of the sediment OC comprised extractable carbohydrates, a proxy for bioavailable OC). We find that the overridden material may act as a direct (via abiotic leaching) and indirect (via microbial cycling) source of DOC to the subglacial environment and provides a range of LMW-DOC compounds that may stimulate microbial activity in wet subglacial sediments.
Silver and new technology: dressings and devices.

BACKGROUND Silver has long been known for its antimicrobial properties, and has been used with success for more than a century in informal medical applications. Recently, silver has been incorporated into medical devices and dressings. METHODS Review of pertinent medical literature. RESULTS Little or no evidence supports the use of silver on or in implanted devices, long-term transcutaneous devices, or topical dressings. Short-term transcutaneous devices (e.g., implantation for 2-10 days) may be afforded protection from infection. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence of efficacy of silver in preventing infection of short-term implantable medical devices.
INNER MODEL THEORETIC GEOLOGY

Abstract One of the basic concepts of set theoretic geology is the mantle of a model of set theory V: it is the intersection of all grounds of V, that is, of all inner models M of V such that V is a set-forcing extension of M. The main theme of the present paper is to identify situations in which the mantle turns out to be a fine structural extender model. The first main result is that this is the case when the universe is constructible from a set and there is an inner model with a Woodin cardinal. The second situation like that arises if L[E] is an extender model that is iterable in V but not internally iterable, as guided by P-constructions, L[E] has no strong cardinal, and the extender sequence E is ordinal definable in L[E] and its forcing extensions by collapsing a cutpoint to ω (in an appropriate sense). The third main result concerns the Solid Core of a model of set theory. This is the union of all sets that are constructible from a set of ordinals that cannot be added by set-forcing to an inner model. The main result here is that if there is an inner model with a Woodin cardinal, then the solid core is a fine-structural extender model.
VARIASI PENAMBAHAN Fe3O4 PADA PADUAN PANi/Fe3O4 SEBAGAI BAHAN PENYERAP GELOMBANG MIKRO

AbstrakMaterial RAM telah banyak diteliti sebelumnya, terutama mengarah ke material paduan berbahan dasar polimer. Dalam hal ini polimer yang digunakan adalah PANi yang dipadukan dengan material lain, dimana material tersebut mempunyai sifat magnetik, karena pada dasarnya material yang bisa digunakan sebagai material penyerap gelombang mikro (RAM) adalah material yang mempunyai sifat listrik dan magnetik. PANi disintesis dengan menggunakan metode polimerisasi oksidasi, sedangkan Fe3O4 disintesis dengan menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dan paduan PANi/Fe3O4 disintesis dengan cara menambahkan Fe3O4 dengan variasi massa 0.10 gram; 0.15 gram; dan 0.20 gram dengan pembebanan sebesar 45 kN. Hasil karakterisasi PANi dengan FTIR, menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang dibuat sesuai dengan gugus fungsi PANi. Begitu pula untuk karakterisasi XRD pada Fe3O4, menunjukkan bahwa hasil puncak-puncak kristal tersebut sesuai dengan bidang kristal Fe3O4 dan diperoleh ukuran partikel sebesar 24,50 ± 0.79 nm. Sedangkan, komposit PANi/Fe3O4 dilakukan beberapa karakterisasi diantaranya SEM EDS, LCR Meter dan VNA. Dari hasil karakterisasi SEM EDS diperoleh PANi dan Fe3O4 tersebut tersebar merata setelah dilakukan pencampuran dengan sistem mekanik. Nilai konduktivitas listrik yang didapat dari karakterisasi LCR Meter sebesar 2.5 x 10-3 S/cm pada frekuensi 1 kHz. Hasil karakterisasi VNA menunjukkan nilai reflection loss maksimum terjadi pada sampel dengan penambahan Fe3O4 0.20 gram sebesar -12.6 dB pada frekuensi 15.7 GHz dengan nilai koefisien absorbsi sebesar 99.21%. Kata kunci: PANi, Fe3O4, reflection loss, koefisien absorbs. AbstractRAM material has been investigated before, especially for polymer based alloy material. In this case, alloy of PANi and other material that has magnetic properties was used as polymer, since fundamentally, only material that has electric and magnetic properties can be used as microwave absorbing material. PANi was synthesized by using oxidation polymerization method, meanwhile, Fe3O4 was synthesized by using coprecipitation method and PANi/Fe3O4 was synthesized by inserting Fe3O4 with mass variation, they were 0.10 gram; 0.15 gram; and 0.2 gram at 45 kN loading. Characterization result of PANi showed that sample was appropriate with PANi’s cluster function. The XRD characterization of Fe3O4 showed that peaks of crystal was appropriate with crystal area of Fe3O4 and particle size obtained was 24.5 ± 0.79 nm. Some characterization of PANi/Fe3O4 alloy was done, they were SEM EDS, LCR Meter and VNA. SEM EDS characterization showed that PANi and Fe3O4 was distributed well after mechanical system was done. Conductivity mixing process by value was 2.5 x 10-3 S/cm at 1 kHz. VNA characterization showed that maximum reflection loss value was -12.6 dB occurred at sample with addition of 0.20 gram Fe3O4 at 15.7 GHz with absorbtion coefficient 99.21%. Keywords : PANi, Fe3O4, reflection loss, absorbtion coefficient.
Low trabecular bone density in recent sedentary modern humans.

OBJECTIVES Research on a limited number of samples suggests that trabecular bone density (i.e., bone volume fraction, BVF) within specific articulations is lower among more sedentary Holocene agricultural populations compared with Holocene foragers, implying that activity levels have a significant effect on trabecular BVF. However, it is unclear to what extent BVF differs among groups with varying activity levels and how general this phenomenon is across multiple limb articulations. Here, we test two hypotheses that: (i) sedentary populations have lower BVF compared with active populations across limb articulations; and (ii) these declines are more uniform in the lower limb (because of its more direct relationship to mobility), and more variable in the upper limb. MATERIALS AND METHODS We estimated BVF in seven lower and upper limb articulations of five Holocene population samples with subsistence strategies spanning from foraging through horticultural to industrial using pQCT (peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography). RESULTS Both hypotheses are largely supported. First, the most active groups have significantly greater BVF in most limb elements compared with more sedentary groups. Second, all sedentary groups have relatively similar (and lower) BVF in the lower limb but show more variation in upper limb articulations. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a decline in activity levels associated with the adoption of agriculture and industrialization significantly contributed to the reduction in BVF in recent modern humans, but specific behavioral changes, particularly in the upper limb, also affected these patterns.
Vitamin A dietary supplementation reduces the mortality of velogenic Newcastle disease significantly in cockerels

This project was undertaken to find ways of reducing mortalities and economic losses due to velogenic Newcastle disease (VND) in areas where the disease is enzootic. Four groups of cockerels of 44 birds each were used for this experiment. The birds in groups 1 and 2 received no dietary vitamin A supplementation, whereas groups 3 and 4 received 300 iu and 600 iu of vitamin A per kilogram of commercial feed, respectively, from 1 week of age till the end of the experiment. At 6 weeks of age, the birds in groups 2, 3 and 4 were inoculated intraocularly with a VND virus (duck/Nigeria/Plateau/Kuru/113/1991). The birds in Group 1 were given phosphate‐buffered saline intraocularly. Clinical signs appeared in Group 2 birds on day 3 PI and in groups 3 and 4 on day 5 PI. The clinical signs included a drop in feed and water consumption, depression, diarrhoea, torticollis and paralysis in all the infected groups. The average body weights of all groups were significantly different from one another on day 14 PI with Group 2 birds having the lowest body weight. Mortalities were highest in Group 2 birds (0%, 93.18%, 72.73% and 56.82% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively). The antibody response in all the groups was significantly different from one another on days 14 and 21 PI. Group 2 birds had the lowest titres on those 2 days and showed more severe atrophy of the bursa, spleen, thymus and fibrin deposition in the spleen and thymus than the birds in groups 3 and 4. The above observations show that vitamin A dietary supplementation delayed the onset of clinical signs and significantly reduced body weight loss, atrophy of the bursa, spleen and thymus, and mortalities by 36%. It also significantly potentiated haemagglutination inhibition antibody response.
Variety Identification of Single Rice Seed Using Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Convolutional Neural Network

The feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging with convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify rice seed varieties was studied. Hyperspectral images of 4 rice seed varieties at two different spectral ranges (380–1030 nm and 874–1734 nm) were acquired. The spectral data at the ranges of 441–948 nm (Spectral range 1) and 975–1646 nm (Spectral range 2) were extracted. K nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) and CNN models were built using different number of training samples (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000). KNN, SVM and CNN models in the Spectral range 2 performed slightly better than those in the Spectral range 1. The model performances improved with the increase in the number of training samples. The improvements were not significant when the number of training samples was large. CNN model performed better than the corresponding KNN and SVM models in most cases, which indicated the effectiveness of using CNN to analyze spectral data. The results of this study showed that CNN could be adopted in spectral data analysis with promising results. More varieties of rice need to be studied in future research to extend the use of CNNs in spectral data analysis.
Incremental Role of Mammography in the Evaluation of Gynecomastia in Men Who Have Undergone Chest CT.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional breast imaging is clinically valuable in the evaluation of patients with gynecomastia incidentally observed on CT of the chest. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective analysis, 62 men were identified who had a mammographic diagnosis of gynecomastia and had also undergone CT within 8 months (median, 2 months). We compared the imaging findings of both modalities and correlated them with the clinical outcome. RESULTS Gynecomastia was statistically significantly larger on mammograms than on CT images; however, there was a high level of concordance in morphologic features and distribution of gynecomastia between mammography and CT. In only one case was gynecomastia evident on mammographic but not CT images, owing to cachexia. Two of the 62 men had ductal carcinoma, which was obscured by gynecomastia. Both of these patients had symptoms suggesting malignancy. CONCLUSION The appearance of gynecomastia on CT scans and mammograms was highly correlated. Mammography performed within 8 months of CT is unlikely to reveal cancer unless there is a suspicious clinical finding or a breast mass eccentric to the nipple. Men with clinical symptoms of gynecomastia do not need additional imaging with mammography to confirm the diagnosis if they have undergone recent cross-sectional imaging.
Take John, for instance'. Effects of exemplars in public information documents on HIV/AIDS in South Africa

This study examined the effects of exemplars (anecdotal narratives of individuals) in public information brochures about people who live with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) in South Africa. Three groups of readers who varied in ethnicity and gender participated (N=212). Participants read brochures in which the main character could either be blamed or not blamed for contracting AIDS. The exemplar that was presented did not have a statistically significant effect on the readers' belief about the responsibility of PLHAs for their disease. However, a statistically significant effect was found of the exemplar on willingness to support PLHAs: participants who read the story in which it was suggested that the main character could be blamed were less inclined to support PLHAs than were participants who read the story in which no such suggestion was made. White participants proved to have a stronger conviction that PLHAs in general are responsible for their own infection than were coloured and black participants. Where having contact with PLHAs is concerned, white and coloured participants were found to have a less positive attitude than did black participants. Significant negative correlations were found between readers' belief about the responsibility of PLHAs in general, and their attitudes towards having contact with PLHAs and towards supporting them: an indication that the so-called desert heuristic was applied. This heuristic says that 'if people are to blame themselves, they don't deserve support'. Finally, significant effects on all dependent variables were found of the readers' perceptions of perceived realism, suggesting that when exemplars are included in public health documents, they should be designed as realistically as possible.
High frequency and proliferation of CD4+FOXP3+ Treg in HIV‐1‐infected patients with low CD4 counts

The frequency of Treg is reported to be higher in patients with chronic HIV type 1 (HIV‐1) infection and CD45RA+ Treg exist in normal adults. In this study, we found a lower absolute number (15 cells/μL) but a higher proportion (16.2%) of FOXP3+ cells (Treg) in the CD4+ population in treatment‐naïve HIV‐1 patients with low CD4 (<200 cells/μL) counts than in those with high CD4 counts (34 cells/μL and 9.3%) or healthy adults (48 cells/μL and 7.5%). In HIV‐1 patients, CD45RA+CCR7+, CD45RA−CCR7+, and CD45RA−CCR7− subsets were identified in the Treg population, and the proportion of CD45RA−CCR7− Treg was higher (57.9%) in patients with low CD4 than high CD4 counts (38.3%). Treg were in a high proliferation state especially in patients with low CD4 counts. HIV viral load correlated positively with the Treg proliferation rate and the proportion of CD45RA−CCR7− Treg. Furthermore, the proliferation of Treg correlated positively with the CD45RA−CCR7− Treg proportion but negatively with Treg numbers. Successful antiretroviral therapy resulted in a limited increase in Treg numbers, but their frequency was reduced in 1–2 months due to a rapid rebound of FOXP3− CD4+cells. Our results suggest that HIV‐activating Treg may be a reason for the high frequencies of Treg and CD45RA−CCR7− Treg in the peripheral blood of late‐stage HIV‐1‐infected patients.
The enhanced mechanical properties of a covalently bound chitosan‐multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite

In the present work, chitosan (CS)-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites were prepared via covalently bonded CS onto MWCNTs that had weight fractions of MWCNTs ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 wt % by a simple method of solution casting. The structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, contact angle, and tensile testing. The results indicated that the CS chains were attached onto the MWCNTs successfully via covalent linkages. More interestingly, the MWCNTs provided a matrix that facilitated the crystallization of CS. Compared with the pure CS, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the nanocomposites were enhanced significantly from 39.6 to 105.6 MPa and from 2.01 to 4.22 GPa with an increase in the MWCNT loading level from 0 to 3.0 wt %, respectively. The improvement in the tensile strength and modulus were ascribed to the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs covalently linked to the CS matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
CFD Simulation of Gas Fluid Flow in a Rotating Zigzag Bed

A novel kind of high gravity device-rotating zigzag bed (RZB) was developed. The RZB is a kind of high efficiency gas-liquid contactor and a promising alternative in chemical process industries. However, because of the complexity of fluid flow inside the RZB, the flow experiments do not easily lead to the deeper understanding on the fluid dynamics in an RZB. This paper works with the CFD simulation of the process of RZB. Different gas flow velocities, rotating speed are comprehensively and systematically observed. The preliminary simulation results show that the models used to describe the RZB can give rise to better understanding of the flow in an RZB.
Do student service members/veterans experience worse mental health stigma than their peers? A comparative study in a national sample

ABSTRACT Objectives: Examine differences in mental health treatment-related stigma in student service members and veterans (SSM/Vs) and peers from 57 post-secondary institutions across the United States. Methods: In total, 909 SSM/Vs and 1818 demographically- and institutionally-matched non-SSM/Vs completed assessments of stigma-related barriers to mental health service utilization as part of the Healthy Minds Study between 2011 and 2015. Results: When compared to non-SSM/V peers, SSM/Vs reported more mental health treatment-related stigma toward help-seekers and less confidence in the helpfulness of therapy/counseling and psychotropic medications. However, effect sizes were small in magnitude (ds = .10 to .16), and depressed students in both groups reported greater stigma. Conclusions: SSM/Vs experience greater treatment-related stigma than non-SSM/V peers, which may deter service use in many cases. However, differences in stigma were small and other under-studied barriers to help-seeking may apply to the substantive subset of SSM/Vs and non-SSM/Vs who may benefit from utilizing available services.
Impaired competence in flagellar mutants of Bacillus subtilis is connected to the regulatory network governed by DegU

The competent state is a developmentally distinct phase, in which bacteria are able to take up and integrate exogenous DNA into their genome. Bacillus subtilis is one of the naturally competent bacterial species and the domesticated laboratory strain 168 is easily transformable. In this study, we report a reduced transformation frequency of B. subtilis mutants lacking functional and structural flagellar components. This includes hag, the gene encoding the flagellin protein forming the filament of the flagellum. We confirm that the observed decrease of the transformation frequency is due to reduced expression of competence genes, particularly of the main competence regulator comK. The impaired competence is due to an increase in the phosphorylated form of the response regulator DegU, which is involved in regulation of both flagellar motility and competence. Altogether, our study identified a close link between motility and natural competence in B. subtilis suggesting that hindrance in motility has great impact on differentiation of this bacterium not restricted only to the transition towards sessile growth stage. Originality-Significance statement Understanding how versatile bacterial phenotypes influence each other is important for our basic understanding of microbial ecology. Our research highlights the novel intertwinement of bacterial differentiation and reveal how lack of single cell motility adjusts DNA exchange among bacterial strains.