Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late-Stage Immature Neocortical Neurons Reconstruct Interhemispheric Connections and Form Synaptic Contacts with Increased Efficiency in Adult Mouse Cortex Undergoing Targeted Neurodegeneration

In the neocortex, the effectiveness of potential cellular repopulation therapies for diseases involving neuronal loss may depend critically on whether newly incorporated cells can differentiate appropriately into precisely the right kind of neuron, re-establish precise long-distance connections, and reconstruct complex functional circuitry. Here, we test the hypothesis that increased efficiency of connectivity could be achieved if precursors could be more fully differentiated toward desired phenotypes. We compared embryonic neuroblasts and immature murine neurons subregionally dissected from either embryonic day 17 (E17) (Shin et al., 2000) or E19 primary somatosensory (S1) cortex and postnatal day 3 (P3) purified callosal projection neurons (CPNs) with regard to neurotransmitter and receptor phenotype and afferent synapse formation after transplantation into adult mouse S1 cortex undergoing targeted apoptotic degeneration of layer II/III and V CPNs. Two weeks after transplantation, neurons from all developmental stages were found dispersed within layers II/III and V, many with morphological features typical of large pyramidal neurons. Retrograde labeling with FluoroGold revealed that 42 ± 2% of transplanted E19 immature S1 neurons formed connections with the contralateral S1 cortex by 12 weeks after transplantation, compared with 23 ± 7% of E17 neurons. A greater percentage of E19-derived neurons received synapses (77 ± 1%) compared with E17-derived neurons (67 ± 2%). Similar percentages of both E17 and E19 donor-derived neurons expressed neurotransmitters and receptors [glutamate, aspartate, GABA, GABA receptor (GABA-R), NMDA-R, AMPA-R, and kainate-R] appropriate for endogenous adult CPNs progressively over a period of 2–12 weeks after transplantation. Although P3 fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified neurons also expressed these mature phenotypic markers after transplantation, their survival in vivo was poor. We conclude that later-stage and region-specific immature neurons develop a mature CPN phenotype and make appropriate connections with recipient circuitry with increased efficiency. However, at postnatal stages of development, limitations in survival outweigh this increased efficiency. These results suggest that efforts to direct the differentiation of earlier precursors precisely along specific desired neuronal lineages could potentially make possible the highly efficient reconstruction of complex neocortical and other CNS circuitry.
MiR-378 and MiR-1827 Regulate Tumor Invasion, Migration and Angiogenesis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma by Targeting RBX1 and CRKL, Respectively

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied over the decades and have been proposed as potential molecular targets for cancer treatment. Studies have shown that miR-378 participates in numerous biological processes in various cancers; whereas miR-1827 has only been reported in pediatric glioma. The mechanism of how miRNAs modulate lung cancer metastasis remains unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-378 is up-regulated while miR-1827 is down-regulated in high invasive lung cancer sub-cell lines, and their biological functions have been described. Here, we report that miR-378 and miR-1827 modulate lung cancer cell invasion and migration via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also demonstrated that cells treated with miR-378 inhibitors or miR-1827 mimics had reduced number of metastases and ectopic vessels in the zebrafish embryo model. We then showed that miR-378 promoted invasion and miR-1827 suppressed migration by targeting RBX1 and CRKL, respectively. Restored protein expression in miRNA-overexpressed/ miRNA-suppressed cells attenuated the inhibitory/ inducing effect of the miRNA on lung cancer cells. Collectively, our findings highlight that miR-378 and miR-1827 could serve as novel therapeutic targets in lung cancer.
Mother knows best: Psychological control, child disclosure, and maternal knowledge in emerging adulthood

Abstract Although perceived parental knowledge of children’s behaviors, whereabouts, and companions in emerging adulthood has been linked with less engagement in risk behaviors [Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37 (2008) 847–859], much remains unknown about how parents gain this knowledge during this time period. Because parents tend to have less direct control over their children’s comings and goings in emerging adulthood, child disclosure may play a particularly important role in the knowledge parents have of their children’s lives. The purpose of this study was to examine: (1) whether aspects of the mother–child relationship were related to child disclosure, (2) whether child disclosure was related to maternal knowledge, and (3) whether child disclosure and maternal knowledge were related to a child’s involvement in risk behaviors during emerging adulthood. Data collected from 252 emerging adults attending college in the United States (77 males, 175 females), and their mothers, were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that: (a) satisfaction with the current relationship between emerging adults and their mothers was positively related to child disclosure, (b) maternal psychological control was negatively related to child disclosure, (c) child disclosure was positively related to maternal knowledge, and (d) child disclosure was indirectly and maternal knowledge was directly related to lower levels of risk behaviors.
The effects of intergroup context of evaluation on ambivalence toward the ingroup and the outgroup

A study is reported which examines the relations between ambivalence toward the ingroup and the outgroup. The basic assumption was that ambivalent attitudes in intergroup contexts contribute to satisfying two competing motivations of group members, i.e. establishment of positive distinctiveness for the ingroup and conformity to the fairness norm. Participants were asked to evaluate the ingroup and one other group by using unipolar (positively and negatively valenced) affect- and cognition-based items. We predicted an interaction effect of target group (ingroup versus outgroup) and attitude domain (affect-based versus cognition-based) on ambivalence. Additional hypotheses were formulated taking separately into account the positive and the negative unipolar items. We expected that on positively valenced items the ingroup would be favoured over the outgroup on both affect- and cognition-based evaluations. Besides, we predicted that on negatively valenced items, the ingroup would be favoured over the outgroup on affect-based evaluation but not on cognition-based evaluation. Results indicated support for the predictions and shed light on the moderating role played by attitude domains on both ambivalence and ingroup favouritism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic formulations in psychotherapy

Conversation analysts have noted that, in psychotherapy, formulations of the client's talk can be a vehicle for offering a psychological interpretation of the client's circumstances. But we notice that not all formulations in psychotherapy offer interpretations. We offer an analysis of formulations (both of the gist of the client's words and of their implications) that are diagnostic: that is, used by the professional to sharpen, clarify or refine the client's account and make it better able to provide what the professional needs to know about the client's history and symptoms. In doing so, these formulations also have the effect of shepherding the client's account towards subsequent therapeutic interpretation. In a coda, we notice that sometimes the formulations are designed discreetly. We examine one such discreet formulation in detail, and show how its very ambiguity can lead to its failure as a diagnostic probe.
Stable limits of martingale transforms with application to the estimation of garch parameters

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of the Gaussian quasi maximum likelihood estimator of a stationary GARCH process with heavy-tailed innovations. This means that the innovations are regularly varying with index � 2 (2,4). Then, in particular, the marginal distribution of the GARCH process has infinite fourth moment and standard asymptotic theory with normal limits and p n-rates breaks down. This was recently observed by Hall and Yao [Econometrica 71 (2003) 285–317]. It is the aim of this paper to indicate that the limit theory for the parameter estimators in the heavy-tailed case nevertheless very much parallels the normal asymptotic theory. In the light-tailed case, the limit theory is based on the CLT for stationary ergodic finite variance martingale difference sequences. In the heavy-tailed case such a general result does not exist, but an analogous result with infinite variance stable limits can be shown to hold under certain mixing conditions which are satisfied for GARCH processes. It is the aim of the paper to give a general structural result for infinite variance limits which can also be applied in situations more general than GARCH.
Meanings as data and human technology.

— The conception of data as a solid rock bottom of a psychological science is questioned. Several ambiguities of the concept of psychological data are pointed out, particularly in the use of “meanings as data”. Hermeneutical and phenomenological approaches to understanding the meaning of behavior are presented, and a temporal and social structure of understanding is outlined. This structure is shown to give an adequate description of some central methods of observing behavior. A meaning basis of psychological data, thus documented, is then argued to be the Achilles' heel of the positivist conception of psychology as a strictly natural science. Finally, by regarding psychological data within the context of technology, the transformation of the meaning of behavior into data is considered the raison d‘etre for psychology as a human technology.
Speckle ensemble statistics of logarithmically scaled data [radar]

It is shown that statistics of logarithmically scaled (averaged) radar data can be described by simple analytical expressions using Riemann's zeta function and Eule's psi function. This achievement makes possible the proper qualification of the impact of such transformation on the physical interpretation of remote sensing data and derived data (i.e. field-averaged mean and standard deviation). The standard deviation for Rayleigh-fading objects is a constant at a logarithmic scale and depends on the number k only. Averaging at a logarithmic scale of radar data, which themselves result from the linear averaging over k independent samples or looks, introduces an offset dependent on the number k only. This offset does not depend on the mean level of the signal and therefore is the same for all Rayleigh-fading objects in the scene. >
Logic-Geometric Programming: An Optimization-Based Approach to Combined Task and Motion Planning

We consider problems of sequential robot manipulation (aka. combined task and motion planning) where the objective is primarily given in terms of a cost function over the final geometric state, rather than a symbolic goal description. In this case we should leverage optimization methods to inform search over potential action sequences. We propose to formulate the problem holistically as a 1st- order logic extension of a mathematical program: a non-linear constrained program over the full world trajectory where the symbolic state-action sequence defines the (in-)equality constraints. We tackle the challenge of solving such programs by proposing three levels of approximation: The coarsest level introduces the concept of the effective end state kinematics, parametrically describing all possible end state configurations conditional to a given symbolic action sequence. Optimization on this level is fast and can inform symbolic search. The other two levels optimize over interaction keyframes and eventually over the full world trajectory across interactions. We demonstrate the approach on a problem of maximizing the height of a physically stable construction from an assortment of boards, cylinders and blocks.
Emotional Intelligence in Higher Education: Strategic Implications forAcademic Leaders

The topic of emotional intelligence and academic leadership has strategic implications. The purpose of this paper was to highlight the importance of emotional intelligence in the area of higher education. The literature revealed that academic leaders have a strategic role within the administrative function and can benefit from the development of emotional intelligence competencies. Future research on this subject could include a conceptual model linking emotional intelligence and academic leadership outcomes. Moreover, hypotheses could be developed and tested to see if a relationship exists between the variables.
Microscopic mechanism of DNA damage searching by hOGG1

The DNA backbone is often considered a track that allows long-range sliding of DNA repair enzymes in their search for rare damage sites in DNA. A proposed exemplar of DNA sliding is human 8-oxoguanine (oG) DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1), which repairs mutagenic oG lesions in DNA. Here we use our high-resolution molecular clock method to show that macroscopic 1D DNA sliding of hOGG1 occurs by microscopic 2D and 3D steps that masquerade as sliding in resolution-limited single-molecule images. Strand sliding was limited to distances shorter than seven phosphate linkages because attaching a covalent chemical road block to a single DNA phosphate located between two closely spaced damage sites had little effect on transfers. The microscopic parameters describing the DNA search of hOGG1 were derived from numerical simulations constrained by the experimental data. These findings support a general mechanism where DNA glycosylases use highly dynamic multidimensional diffusion paths to scan DNA.
Mexican Americans Acquiring Bachelor's Degrees: Whose Opportunity?

This study offers a small, highly contextualized counter-example to several recent large-scale analyses depicting Latino underachievement in higher education (R. Fry, 2002; J. Immerwahr, 2003; S. Miller & E. García, 2004; W. Swail, A. Cabrera, & C. Lee, 2004; W. S. Swail, K. E. Redd, & L. W. Perna, 2003). The purpose is to analyze results from a federal funding program in which qualified and committed Latino students completed university degrees in high proportions.
Affective design of E-commerce user interfaces: how to maximise perceived trustworthiness

Successful e-commerce user experience design depends on a large number of factors. This paper focuses on consumers’ acceptance of and trust in an e-commerce system, based on the transaction’s value and perceived risk. The model of trust for e-commerce (MoTEC) by Egger (2000) provides a framework making explicit factors likely to affect customer trust. For each model component, design principles are provided, along with more concrete guidelines. It will be shown that the user interface is only one element of the customer experience. Designing for trust therefore requires user experience strategists to look beyond the mere design of the web site and pay attention to more general management and marketing issues.
Brief daily suckling shifts locomotor behavior and induces PER1 protein in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, but not in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, of rabbit does

Nursing in the rabbit is a circadian event during which mother and pups interact for a period of < 5 min every day. Here we explored behavioral and neuronal changes in the mother by analyzing the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and oxytocinergic (OT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON). We maintained lactating does in a light–dark cycle (lights on at 07 : 00 hours; ZT0); they were scheduled to nurse during either the day (ZT03) or the night (ZT19). Groups of intact and nursing females was perfused, one at each 4‐h point through a 24‐h cycle. We explored, by immunohistochemistry, the PER1 expression and double‐labeling, with OT antibody, of neurons in the PVN and SON at lactation on day 7. In the SCN, intact and lactating groups had peak PER1 expression at ZT11; however, there was a reduction in PER1 at peak time in the nursing groups. There was a locomotor activity rhythm with increased activity around the time of lights‐on in intact subjects and around the time of suckling in lactating does. There was an induction of PER1 in OT cells in the PVN and SON that shifted in phase with timing of nursing. We further explored the maintenance of the PER1 expression in OT cells in nursing‐deprived does and found a significant decrease at 24 and 48 h after the last nursing. We conclude that suckling induced PER1 in the PVN and SON, but not in the SCN, in nursing does, and also shifted their locomotor behavior.
An Efficient Multimode Multiplier Supporting AES and Fundamental Operations of Public-Key Cryptosystems

This paper presents a highly efficient multimode multiplier supporting prime field, namely, polynomial field, and matrix-vector multiplications based on an asymmetric word-based Montgomery multiplication (MM) algorithm. The proposed multimode 128 × 32 b multiplier provides throughput rates of 441 and 511 Mb/s for 256-b operands over GF(P) and GF(2n) at a clock rate of 100 MHz, respectively. With 21 930 additional gates for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the multiplier is extended to provide 1.28-, 1.06-, and 0.91-Gb/s throughput rates for 128-, 192-, and 256-b keys, respectively. The comparison result shows that the proposed integration architecture outperforms others in terms of performance and efficiency for both AES and MM that is essential in most public-key cryptosystems.
Online Walking Control System for Humanoids with Short Cycle Pattern Generation

The present paper presents an online walking control system that frequently generates and updates dynamically stable motion patterns with a cycle time of 20 ms. We show that frequently updating the motion pattern contributes to maintaining long-term balance while performing online walking control. In addition, the system enables a robot to respond quickly to changes in the commanded walking direction. Using preview control theory, we generate dynamically stable walking patterns. We propose a method to adjust the future desired zero moment point (ZMP) by modifying the foot landing position in order to maintain the dynamic balance of the generated motion pattern. This technique can be used to filter input commands that would result in sudden changes to the foot landing position, which would result in dynamic instability. The method is also used to compensate for errors between the actual and desired ZMP due to disturbances encountered while walking. We also present an extension of the short cycle pattern generation method that can accommodate external forces measured online. Experimental results for activities such as pushing a table are demonstrated on the full-size humanoid HRP-2 to evaluate the performance of the proposed walking control system.
Cocaine-predictive stimulus induces drug-seeking behavior and neural activation in limbic brain regions after multiple months of abstinence: reversal by D(1) antagonists.

The conditioning of cocaine's subjective actions with environmental stimuli may be a critical factor in long-lasting relapse risk associated with cocaine addiction. To study the significance of learning factors in persistent addictive behavior as well as the neurobiological basis of this phenomenon, rats were trained to associate discriminative stimuli (S(D)) with the availability of i.v. cocaine vs. nonrewarding saline solution, and then placed on extinction conditions during which the i.v. solutions and S(D)s were withheld. The effects of reexposure to the S(D) on the recovery of responding at the previously cocaine-paired lever and on Fos protein expression then were determined in two groups. One group was tested immediately after extinction, whereas rats in the second group were confined to their home cages for an additional 4 months before testing. In both groups, the cocaine S(D), but not the non-reward S(D), elicited strong recovery of responding and increased Fos immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (areas Cg1/Cg3). The response reinstatement and Fos expression induced by the cocaine S(D) were both reversed by selective dopamine D(1) receptor antagonists. The undiminished efficacy of the cocaine S(D) to elicit drug-seeking behavior after 4 months of abstinence parallels the long-lasting nature of conditioned cue reactivity and cue-induced cocaine craving in humans, and confirms a significant role of learning factors in the long-lasting addictive potential of cocaine. Moreover, the results implicate D(1)-dependent neural mechanisms within the medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala as substrates for cocaine-seeking behavior elicited by cocaine-predictive environmental stimuli.
Domain Theory: An Introduction to Oganizational Behavior in Human Service Organizations

The dominant paradigm of organizations, on which organization development (OD) is based, is industry-specific in theory and practice. The traditional manner by which OD technology has been transferred to the human services field presumes that the same theories and practices prevail here as well. The authors challenge this presumption. They suggest that the behavior of human services organizations (HSOs) is based on a fundamentally different paradigm, which necessitates both a new organizational theory and a different OD practice. The authors introduce and discuss a theory of organizational behavior in HSOs, integrating their own experiences with the works of Bell, Jaques, Weick, Weisbord, and others. They suggest that HSOs are comprised of three distinct domains-the Policy Domain, the Management Domain, and the Service Domain. They maintain that each domain operates by different and contrasting principles, success measures, structural arrangements, and work modes, and that the interactions between these create natural conditions of disjunction and discordance. This paradigm of conflicting domains can serve as a new conceptual guide to OD in HSOs, as well as aid to the development and refinement of new OD methods and tools specific to these organizations.
Discourse in the Marketplace: The Making of Meaning in Annual Reports

This paper reviews linguistic structures in a series of management messages in the annual reports of Cross & Trecker, a machine tool manufacturer. The docu ments cover the years 1984-1988, which began with prosperity and ended with severe losses. An analysis of how the company communicated this information to its shareholders offers some insights into the motivation and priorities of the Cross & Trecker management. This analysis suggests that a company's public communications are more complex than has been thought. Specific methodology used is based on systemic theory, developed by Halli day (1976, 1978, 1985a, 1985b) and others and employs the systems of transitivity (verb structures), thematic structure (subjects), context and cohesion, and condensations. Verb structures show a predictable increase in passive constructions as the years pass and profits decrease. Regarding other verb structures, however, the results were more complex, including an increase in the use of verbs of "being. " Combined with the analysis of thematic structures, which show an increase in nonhuman agents, and contextual features shown by cohesion and condensa tions, the conclusion is that, as the news becomes more negative, linguistic structures suggest a factual, "objective" situation caused by circumstances not attributable to any persons who might otherwise be thought responsible.