Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and validation of the Social and Emotional Health Survey–Secondary into Turkish culture

This study investigated the psychometric properties of a Turkish-language adaptation of the Social and Emotional Health Survey–Secondary (SEHS-S), a measure of core psychological assets hypothesized to be associated with adolescents' flourishing mental health. Convenience samples of students (Grades 9–12) from six Turkish high schools were used; one sample had 402 students (45% male and 55% female) and the second sample had 452 students (44% male and 56% female). Using Sample 1, confirmatory factor analysis replicated the previously identified SEHS-S higher-order factor structure, consisting of 12 subscales that formed four first-order latent traits (belief-in-self, belief-in-others, emotional competence, and engaged living) and a second-order trait (covitality). Using Sample 2, additional validity analyses showed that covitality was positively correlated with psychological resilience and prosocial behaviors. There was a negative correlation with externalized and internalized psychological distress. Acceptable alpha reliability coefficients were found for the four SEHS-S domains (males = .74–.89; females = .75–.81) and the covitality total score (.89 for males and females). The findings supported the use of the SEHS-S as a valid and reliable measurement instrument for use in positive mental health research with Turkish adolescents and generalized the SEHS-S covitality measurement model to another cultural context.
Unsupervised disaggregation of appliances using aggregated consumption data

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is a technique that determines the electrical load composition of a household through a single point of measurement at the main power feed. In contrast with the majority of the existing approaches to solve this problem which require training, here we explore an unsupervised approach to determine the number of appliances in the household, their power consumption and state, at any given moment. We attempt to achieve this without using any a priori information on the number and type of appliances. Our approach is to first create clusters of steady-state changes and then employ a matching pursuit algorithm to reconstruct the original power signals using the clusters that were found as the sources in a linear blind source separation strategy. Changes in steady-state, sometimes referred to as events, are characterized by their change in real and reactive power (P and Q). Ultimately, the results may be applied to other features in an attempt to improve the separation between clusters. The preliminary results point toward a mixed scenario: large appliances (roughly above 400W) were easily identified, but the small appliances typically clustered together and were difficult to separate. We conclude that the errors occur during clustering which indicates that, in order to increase the purity of the clusters, perhaps other features could be used.
Clinical efficacy of Rifampicin and Streptomycin in combination against Mycobacterium ulcerans infection: a systematic review

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a cutaneous neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Synthesizing the evidence on their efficacy of antibiotic in the management of BU can help to better define their roles, identify weaknesses and inform clinicians on relevant measures than can be used to control BU. Our objectives is to assess the clinical efficacy of Rifampicin-Streptomycin given for 8 weeks of treatment of early M. ulcerans infection. We searched the following electronic databases from January 2005 to July 2012: Medline, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database), The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), WHOLIS (World Health Organization Library Database), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences) and contacted experts in the field. There were no restrictions to language or publication status. All study designs that could provide the information we sought for were eligible provided the studies were conducted in the third world. Critical appraisal of all identified citations was done independently by three authors to establish the possible relevance of the articles for inclusion in the review. Of the 115 studies, 09 papers met the inclusion criteria. The duration of treatment ranged from 8 to 48 weeks depending on the severity. Oral chemotherapy alone obtained a curative rate of 50%. The “dual” mode of treatment (surgery + chemotherapy) reduced hospital admission period from 90 to 39.8 days, that's to 44.2%. This treatment for early stages could therefore replace surgery and in severe cases, is an indispensable aid before surgery. These results confirmed that the daily administration of Rifampicin and Streptomycin is an effective treatment for M. ulcerans infection in an early stage. Subsequent systematic reviews should be conducted to determine if antibiotics could heal injuries without resorting to surgery and to compare different treatment durations.
Semiclassical asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials, Riemann-Hilbert problem, and universality in the matrix model

We derive semiclassical asymptotics for the orthogonal polynomials Pn(z) on the line with respect to the exponential weight exp(iNV(z)), where V (z) is a double-well quartic polynomial, in the limit when n;N! 1. We assume that "• (n=N)• ‚cri" for some "> 0, where ‚cr is the critical value which separates orthogonal polynomials with two cuts from the ones with one cut. Simultaneously we derive semiclassical asymptotics for the recursive coe‐cients of the orthogonal polynomials, and we show that these coe‐cients form a cycle of period two which drifts slowly with the change of the ratio n=N. The proof of the semiclassical asymptotics is based on the methods of the theory of integrable systems and on the analysis of the appropriate matrix RiemannHilbert problem. As an application of the semiclassical asymptotics of the orthogonal polynomials, we prove the universality of the local distribution of eigenvalues in the matrix model with the double-well quartic interaction in the presence of two cuts. Contents
Compliance with Positive Airway Pressure Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objectives Positive airway pressure (PAP) is considered a standard treatment for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. However, compliance with PAP treatment is suboptimal because of several types of discomfort experienced by patients. This study investigated compliance with PAP therapy, and affecting factors for such compliance, in OSA patients. Methods We performed a survey on 69 patients who engaged in PAP therapy between December 2006 and November 2007. After diagnostic polysomnography and manual titration, patients trialed PAP using the ResMed instrument and explored autoadjusting PAP (APAP), continuous PAP (CPAP), and flexible PAP (using expiratory pressure relief [EPR]) at least once every week for 1 month. Compliance measures were mean daily use (hr), percentage of days on which PAP was used, and percentage of days on which PAP was used for >4 hr. Data were obtained at night using the software Autoscan version 5.7® of the ResMed Inc. We obtained data on anthropometric (age, BMI, neck circumflex, Epworth sleepiness scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, hypertension, alcohol intake), polysomnographic data (severity of apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], proportion of nonsupine sleep time, position dependence of sleep), PAP mode and AHI during PAP use for affecting factors. Results After 1 month, 41 of the 69 patients (59.4%) were pleased with PAP therapy and purchased instruments. Twenty-four patients (34.7%) used PAP for more than 3 months. The percentage of days on which PAP was used was statistically higher in patients with hypertension than in normotensive patients (P=0.003). There were negative correlations 1) between nonsupine position sleep time and percentage of days on which PAP was used (r=-0.424, P=0.039), and 2) between the AHI during PAP use and the percentage of days on which PAP was used for >4 hr (r=-0.443, P=0.030). There were no statistical differences between AHI, BMI, PAP pressure, or other measured parameters, on the one hand, and compliance, on the other. Conclusion The affecting factors for PAP use were hypertension history, sleep posture (shorter nonsupine sleep time), and lower AHI during PAP use.
Targeting Investments for Neighborhood Revitalization

Abstract How should we allocate public resources for revitalizing low-income urban neighborhoods? Once public investments in an area reach some minimum threshold, do they leverage substantial private resources? To address these questions, we examine a coordinated, sustained, and targeted revitalization strategy begun in 1998 in Richmond, VA. The strategy was developed through a data-driven, participatory planning process that garnered widespread support. Our analyses reveal that the program produced substantially greater appreciation in the market values of single-family homes in the targeted areas than in comparable homes in similarly distressed neighborhoods. The greatest impacts occurred when public investments over 5 years exceeded $21,000 per block, on average. This appears to make the strategy potentially self-financing over a 20-year horizon, with public contributions offset by future increments in property tax revenues from target areas.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Cutaneous Metastasis: A Case Report

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common kidney tumor in adults. Cutaneous metastasis is a rare first symptom of the disease. This paper describes the diagnosis of a renal cell carcinoma that was indicated by cutaneous metastasis in the head and neck region, and considers the etiopathogenesis of such cases. A careful skin examination is important to detect cutaneous metastasis associated with renal cell carcinomas. Metastatic skin lesions in the head and neck region must be taken into consideration during a differential diagnosis.
The Fornax Cluster Spectroscopic Survey: a sample of confirmed cluster dwarfs

The Fornax Cluster Spectroscopic Survey (FCSS) project utilizes the Two-degree Field (2dF) multi-object spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). Its aim is to obtain spectra for a complete sample of all 14 000 objects with 16 5 less than or equal to b(j) less than or equal to 19 7 irrespective of their morphology in a 12 deg(2) area centred on the Fornax cluster. A sample of 24 Fornax cluster members has been identified from the first 2dF field (3.1 deg(2) in area) to be completed. This is the first complete sample of cluster objects of known distance with well-defined selection limits. Nineteen of the galaxies (with -15.8 < M-B < 12.7) appear to be conventional dwarf elliptical (dE) or dwarf S0 (dS0) galaxies. The other five objects (with -13.6 < M-B < 11.3) are those galaxies which were described recently by Drinkwater et al. and labelled 'ultracompact dwarfs' (UCDs). A major result is that the conventional dwarfs all have scale sizes alpha greater than or similar to 3 arcsec (similar or equal to300 pc). This apparent minimum scale size implies an equivalent minimum luminosity for a dwarf of a given surface brightness. This produces a limit on their distribution in the magnitude-surface brightness plane, such that we do not observe dEs with high surface brightnesses but faint absolute magnitudes. Above this observed minimum scale size of 3 arcsec, the dEs and dS0s fill the whole area of the magnitude-surface brightness plane sampled by our selection limits. The observed correlation between magnitude and surface brightness noted by several recent studies of brighter galaxies is not seen with our fainter cluster sample. A comparison of our results with the Fornax Cluster Catalog (FCC) of Ferguson illustrates that attempts to determine cluster membership solely on the basis of observed morphology can produce significant errors. The FCC identified 17 of the 24 FCSS sample (i.e. 71 per cent) as being 'cluster' members, in particular missing all five of the UCDs. The FCC also suffers from significant contamination: within the FCSS's field and selection limits, 23 per cent of those objects described as cluster members by the FCC are shown by the FCSS to be background objects.
Antecedents and patterns of suicide behavior in first-admission psychosis.

BACKGROUND Persons with psychotic illnesses have an increased risk for suicide, especially early in the illness. Sufficient knowledge allowing for early recognition is lacking. OBJECTIVES To describe suicide behaviors before and during the 4 years following first psychiatric hospitalization, examine associations of demographic and psychiatric risk factors, and develop a suicide risk index. METHOD Data came from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project, a first-admission cohort (n = 529). Cox regression was used to study associations of risk factors to suicide behaviors; a summary suicide behavior risk index was also tested. RESULTS Prior to first admission, 28.0% (n = 148) of the cohort had attempted suicide. During the 4-year follow-up, 13.6% (n = 72) of the cohort attempted suicide (29.7% of those with previous attempts and 7.3% making their first attempt) and 3 respondents died of suicide. The significant predictors at index admission of subsequent attempts were prior attempts or ideation, severity of depressive symptoms and thought disorder, lifetime substance abuse, and younger age. Suicide ideation was predicted by the same variables with the addition of insight into illness and with the exception of age at admission. A 3-category risk index was created; 61.1% of those who made a suicide attempt were in the highest risk group (n = 44/72). CONCLUSION The current study confirms and extends previous research showing that risk factors early in the course of illness are predictive of subsequent ideation and attempts. The risk index may be a useful adjunct in identifying individuals likely to benefit from preventive interventions.
Open problems in the theory of non-uniform hyperbolicity

This is a survey-type article whose goal is to review some recent developments in studying the genericity problem for non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems with discrete time on compact smooth manifolds. We discuss both cases of systems which are conservative (preserve the Riemannian volume) and dissipative (possess hyperbolic attractors). We also consider the problem of coexistence of hyperbolic and regular behaviour.
STAT1 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide- and TNF-α-Dependent Expression of Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing 1 and Low Molecular Mass Polypeptide 2 Genes in Macrophages by Distinct Mechanisms1

Transporter associated with Ag processing 1 and low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2) are essential for class I MHC function and share a common bidirectional promoter. In murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, LPS and TNF-α induced Tap1 and up-regulated Lmp2, which is constitutively expressed at low levels. These two genes are induced by LPS and TNF-α with distinct kinetics, at 6 and 12–24 h, respectively. Using macrophages derived from the TNF-α receptors of knockout mice, we found that induction by LPS is not due to the autocrine production of TNF-α. In macrophages from STAT-1 knockout mice, neither LPS nor TNF-α induced the expression of Tap1 or Lmp2. The shared promoter contains several areas that can be controlled by STAT-1, such as the proximal and distal IFN-γ activation site (GAS) boxes in the direction of the Tap1 gene. By making deletions of the promoter, we determined that only the proximal GAS box is required for LPS induction of Tap1 and Lmp2. In contrast, TNF-α induction of these two genes is dependent on the IFN regulatory factor-1 and NF-κB boxes, and not on the GAS box. Our experiments using gel shift analysis and Abs indicated that STAT1 binds to the GAS box in nuclear extracts from LPS-treated macrophages. The nuclear extracts obtained from macrophages treated with TNF-α bound to the IFN regulatory factor-1 and NF-κB boxes. These results show that LPS and TNF-α regulate the induction of Tap1 and Lmp2 through STAT1, but use distinct areas of the promoter.
Sex Differences in the Brain: The Not So Inconvenient Truth

### Introduction In 2001 the Institute of Medicine, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences in the U.S.A. , concluded that many aspects of both normal and pathological brain functioning exhibit important yet poorly understood sex differences ([Wizemann and Pardu, 2001][1]). Ten years later, the
Determinants of Financial Performance of Commercial Dairy Farms

Data from the 1993 Farm Costs and Returns Survey were used in a multi-variate analysis framework to determine factors associated with the financial performance of commercial dairy farm operations. Statistical equivalency tests revealed regional differences in the way extensive indebtedness, size of operation, and labor cost affect net farm incomes. Regional differences were also found in terms of how milk production per cow, per-unit cost of purchased feed, and level of adoption of capital intensive technologies affect per-unit returns. Examination of the variation in the net farm income of commercial dairy farms using the method of coefficients of separate determination identified the size of the operation, regardless of the location of the farm business, as the factor contributing the most to the variability in net farm income. On a per-unit-of-returns basis, factors found most important in explaining the variation in net returns per hundredweight of milk sold were cow's productivity, and per-cow forage production and purchased feed costs.
Development and analysis of a simple model to represent the zero rainfall in a universal multifractal framework

Abstract. High-resolution rainfall fields contain numerous zeros (i.e. pixels or time steps with no rain) which are either real or artificial – that is to say associated with the limit of detection of the rainfall measurement device. In this paper we revisit the enduring discussion on the source of this intermittency, e.g. whether it requires specific modelling. We first review the framework of universal multifractals (UM), which are commonly used to analyse and simulate geophysical fields exhibiting extreme variability over a wide range of scales with the help of a reduced number of parameters. However, this framework does not enable properly taking into account these numerous zeros. For example, it has been shown that performing a standard UM analysis directly on the field can lead to low observed quality of scaling and severe bias in the estimates of UM parameters. In this paper we propose a new simple model to deal with this issue. It is a UM discrete cascade process, where at each step if the simulated intensity is below a given level (defined in a scale invariant manner), it only has a predetermined probability to survive and is otherwise set to zero. A threshold can then be implemented at the maximum resolution to mimic the limit of detection of the rainfall measurement device. While also imperfect, this simple model enables explanation of most of the observed behaviour, e.g. the presence of scaling breaks, or the difference between statistics computed for single events or longer periods.
Radiation-Induced Glycogen Accumulation Detected by Single Cell Raman Spectroscopy Is Associated with Radioresistance that Can Be Reversed by Metformin

Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumor cells and contributes to a host of properties associated with resistance to radiotherapy. Detection of radiation-induced biochemical changes can reveal unique metabolic pathways affecting radiosensitivity that may serve as attractive therapeutic targets. Using clinically relevant doses of radiation, we performed label-free single cell Raman spectroscopy on a series of human cancer cell lines and detected radiation-induced accumulation of intracellular glycogen. The increase in glycogen post-irradiation was highest in lung (H460) and breast (MCF7) tumor cells compared to prostate (LNCaP) tumor cells. In response to radiation, the appearance of this glycogen signature correlated with radiation resistance. Moreover, the buildup of glycogen was linked to the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, a canonical modulator of cell survival following radiation exposure and a key regulator of glycogen metabolism. When MCF7 cells were irradiated in the presence of the anti-diabetic drug metformin, there was a significant decrease in the amount of radiation-induced glycogen. The suppression of glycogen by metformin following radiation was associated with increased radiosensitivity. In contrast to MCF7 cells, metformin had minimal effects on both the level of glycogen in H460 cells following radiation and radiosensitivity. Our data demonstrate a novel approach of spectral monitoring by Raman spectroscopy to assess changes in the levels of intracellular glycogen as a potential marker and resistance mechanism to radiation therapy.
Goal-Directed, Spontaneous, and Stimulus-Independent Thoughts and Mindwandering in a Competitive Context

The aim of this study was to analyze the functions of goal-directed thoughts and the content of spontaneous and stimulus-independent thoughts and mindwandering in a competitive setting and to explore links between different types of thoughts. Therefore, 17 young sport science students competed in a card-sorting task, while their recorded thoughts were collected between trials. Afterwards, the participants classified their own transcripts into different types of thoughts. The results indicated that goal-directed thinking serves a variety of functions, that spontaneous thought content might reflect a series of psychological states and processes relevant for performance, and that the content of mindwandering was idiosyncratic. Moreover, goal-directed thinking increased during competition, whereas mindwandering diminished. Lastly, mindwandering was rarely connected to other types of thinking, whereas the most recurrent connection between thoughts was found between goal-directed and spontaneous thinking.
Federal Reserve Information and the Behavior of Interest Rates

This paper tests for the existence of asymmetric information between the Federal Reserve and the public by examining Federal Reserve and commercial inflation forecasts. It demonstrates that the Federal Reserve has considerable information about inflation beyond what is known to commercial forecasters. It also shows that monetary-policy actions provide signals of the Federal Reserve's information and that commercial forecasters modify their forecasts in response to those signals. These findings may explain why long-term interest rates typically rise in response to shifts to tighter monetary policy.