Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Streaming motions of galaxy clusters within 12 000 km s−1– V. The peculiar velocity field

We analyse in detail the peculiar velocity field traced by 56 clusters within 120 h −1 Mpc in the ‘Streaming Motions of Abell Clusters’ (SMAC) sample. The bulk flow of the SMAC sample is 687 ± 203 km s −1 , toward l = 260 ◦ ± 13 ◦ , b = 0 ◦ ± 11 ◦ . We discuss possible systematic errors and show that no systematic effect is larger than half of the random error. The flow does not drop off significantly with depth, which suggests that it is generated by structures on large scales. In particular, a Great Attractor as originally proposed by Lynden-Bell et al. cannot be responsible for the SMAC bulk flow. The SMAC data suggest infall into an attractor at the location of the Shapley Concentration, but the detection is marginal (at the 90 per cent confidence level). We find that distant attractors in addition to the Shapley Concentration are required to explain the SMAC bulk flow. A comparison with peculiar velocities predicted from the IRAS Point Source Catalogue redshift (PSCz) survey shows good agreement with a best-fitting value of β I = � 0.6 m /bI = 0.39 ± 0.17. However, the PSCz density field is not sufficient to account for all of the SMAC bulk motion. We also detect, at the 98 per cent confidence level, a residual bulk flow of 372 ± 127 km s −1 toward l = 273 ◦ , b = 6 ◦ which must be generated by sources not included in the PSCz catalogue, that is, either beyond 200 h −1 Mpc, in the zone of avoidance or in superclusters undersampled by IRAS. Finally, we compare the SMAC bulk flow with other recent measurements. We argue that, at depths ranging from 60 to 120 h −1 Mpc, flows of order 600 km s −1 are excluded by multiple data sets. However, convergence to the cosmic microwave background frame by a depth of 60 h −1 Mpc is also excluded by multiple data sets. We suggest that a bulk flow of 225 km s −1 toward l = 300 ◦ , b = 10 ◦ at depths greater than 60 h −1 Mpc is consistent with all peculiar velocity surveys, when allowance is made for sparse
Mechanisms of modafinil: A review of current research

The novel wake-promoting agent modafinil has been in use for the treatment of several sleep disorders for a few years and is now undergoing clinical trials for its use in the treatment of stimulant addiction, but its primary mechanism of action remains elusive. Previous laboratory studies have shown that modafinil has antioxidative and neuroprotective effects, which have not previously been suggested to be related to its wake-promoting effects. However, recent research indicates that free radicals may be related to sleep induction as well as cellular damage, suggesting that a common target of action may mediate modafinil’s ability to oppose both of these effects. In this review we summarize and discuss previously published research on modafinil’s neural, cytoprotective, and cognitive effects, and we propose possible primary biochemical targets that could underlie the effects of modafinil observed in these studies. We also suggest neurocognitive mechanisms responsible for modafinil’s cognitive enhancing effects and its therapeutic potential in the treatment of stimulant addiction.
MOLECULAR GAS AND STAR FORMATION IN NEARBY DISK GALAXIES

We compare molecular gas traced by 12CO (2–1) maps from the HERACLES survey, with tracers of the recent star formation rate (SFR) across 30 nearby disk galaxies. We demonstrate a first-order linear correspondence between Σmol and ΣSFR but also find important second-order systematic variations in the apparent molecular gas depletion time, . At the 1 kpc common resolution of HERACLES, CO emission correlates closely with many tracers of the recent SFR. Weighting each line of sight equally, using a fixed αCO equivalent to the Milky Way value, our data yield a molecular gas depletion time, Gyr with 0.3 dex 1σ scatter, in very good agreement with recent literature data. We apply a forward-modeling approach to constrain the power-law index, N, that relates the SFR surface density and the molecular gas surface density, . We find N = 1 ± 0.15 for our full data set with some scatter from galaxy to galaxy. This also agrees with recent work, but we caution that a power-law treatment oversimplifies the topic given that we observe correlations between and other local and global quantities. The strongest of these are a decreased in low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies and a correlation of the kpc-scale with dust-to-gas ratio, D/G. These correlations can be explained by a CO-to-H2 conversion factor (αCO) that depends on dust shielding, and thus D/G, in the theoretically expected way. This is not a unique interpretation, but external evidence of conversion factor variations makes this the most conservative explanation of the strongest observed trends. After applying a D/G-dependent αCO, some weak correlations between and local conditions persist. In particular, we observe lower and enhanced CO excitation associated with nuclear gas concentrations in a subset of our targets. These appear to reflect real enhancements in the rate of star formation per unit gas, and although the distribution of τdep does not appear bimodal in galaxy centers, τdep does appear multivalued at fixed ΣH2, supporting the idea of “disk” and “starburst” modes driven by other environmental parameters.
India: A New Player in Asian Production Networks?

While the International Production Network (IPN) phenomenon has accelerated trade and investment linkages between countries in East and South-East Asia, the remainder of the region has not matched those countries in this process. The objective of this study is to explore the reasons for this by using India’s performance in the Asian IPNs as a case study for other countries that are trailing behind in this area. The study seeks to identify the reasons why India has performed below its potential in this new form of international division of labour, even though that country possess several supportive factors including: (a) the sheer size of the economy and population; (b) a large pool of engineers; (c) relatively sound intellectual property protection; and (d) an increasingly open trade and investment climate resulting from progressive economic reforms.
Modeling early retinal development with human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells

Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to provide comprehensive model systems for the earliest stages of human ontogenesis. To serve in this capacity, these cells must undergo a targeted, stepwise differentiation process that follows a normal developmental timeline. Here we demonstrate the ability of both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to meet these requirements for human retinogenesis. Upon differentiation, hESCs initially yielded a highly enriched population of early eye field cells. Thereafter, a subset of cells acquired features of advancing retinal differentiation in a sequence and time course that mimicked in vivo human retinal development. Application of this culture method to a human iPS cell line also generated retina-specific cell types at comparable times in vitro. Lastly, altering endogenous signaling during differentiation affected lineage-specific gene expression in a manner consistent with established mechanisms of early neural and retinal cell fate determination. These findings should aid in the investigation of the molecular events governing retinal specification from human pluripotent stem cells.
Intense-personal celebrity worship and body image: evidence of a link among female adolescents.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between celebrity worship and body image within the theoretical perspective of intense para-social relationships with celebrities. DESIGN Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between celebrity worship and body image. METHOD Three samples, 229 (102 males and 127 females) adolescents, 183 (88 males and 95 females) full-time university undergraduate students, and 289 (126 males and 163 females) adults were administered an amended version of the Celebrity Attitude Scale, the Attention to Body Shape Scale, and the Body Shape Questionnaire-Revised. RESULTS Significant relationships were found between attitudes toward celebrities and body image only among female adolescents. Multiple regression analyses suggested that Intense-personal celebrity worship accounted for unique variance in scores in body image. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that in female adolescents, there is an interaction between Intense-personal celebrity worship and body image between the ages of 14 and 16 years, and some tentative evidence has been found to suggest that this relationship disappears at the onset of adulthood, 17 to 20 years. Results are consistent with those authors who stress the importance of the formation of para-social relationships with media figures, and suggest that para-social relationships with celebrities perceived as having a good body shape may lead to a poor body image in female adolescents.
Do Bivariate SVAR Models with Long-Run Identifying Restrictions Yield Reliable Results? The Case of Germany

Bivariate SVAR models employing long-run identifying restrictions are often used to investigate the source of business cycle fluctuations. Their advantage is the simplicity in use and interpretation. However, their low dimension may also lead to a failure of the identification procedure, with the result that the identified shocks are a mixture of the ? true? shocks. To investigate this issue, we evaluate for German data the consistency of results from different bivariate SVAR models employing the same long-run identifying restrictions. We find that these models do not offer reliable evidence on the sources of output fluctuations.
Running in ostriches (Struthio camelus): three-dimensional joint axes alignment and joint kinematics

SUMMARY Although locomotor kinematics in walking and running birds have been examined in studies exploring many biological aspects of bipedalism, these studies have been largely limited to two-dimensional analyses. Incorporating a five-segment, 17 degree-of-freedom (d.f.) kinematic model of the ostrich hind limb developed from anatomical specimens, we quantified the three-dimensional (3-D) joint axis alignment and joint kinematics during running (at ∼3.3 m s–1) in the largest avian biped, the ostrich. Our analysis revealed that the majority of the segment motion during running in the ostrich occurs in flexion/extension. Importantly, however, the alignment of the average flexion/extension helical axes of the knee and ankle are rotated externally to the direction of travel (37° and 21°, respectively) so that pure flexion and extension at the knee will act to adduct and adbuct the tibiotarsus relative to the plane of movement, and pure flexion and extension at the ankle will act to abduct and adduct the tarsometatarsus relative to the plane of movement. This feature of the limb anatomy appears to provide the major lateral (non-sagittal) displacement of the lower limb necessary for steering the swinging limb clear of the stance limb and replaces what would otherwise require greater adduction/abduction and/or internal/external rotation, allowing for less complex joints, musculoskeletal geometry and neuromuscular control. Significant rotation about the joints' non-flexion/extension axes nevertheless occurs over the running stride. In particular, hip abduction and knee internal/external and varus/valgus motion may further facilitate limb clearance during the swing phase, and substantial non-flexion/extension movement at the knee is also observed during stance. Measurement of 3-D segment and joint motion in birds will be aided by the use of functionally determined axes of rotation rather than assumed axes, proving important when interpreting the biomechanics and motor control of avian bipedalism.
How To Think Like Benjamin Graham and Invest Like Warren Buffett

This text provides advice on how to value a business and how to think about markets and market prices. It aims to help develop a mind-set that will be the foundation to successful investing, and looks at how the reader can analyze businesses and make wise investment choices. The author reveals three things an investor needs to get from financial statements, illustrating how managers play games with numbers, oftern to the detriment of the investor. Lawrence Cunningham argues that an essential element of intelligent investing is a common-sense ability to assess the trustworthiness of corporate managers, and gives readers the tools to find business managers who are trustworthy. The book also provides valuation examples from some top companies: GE, Amazon, Microsoft and Disney.
Are Computers Gender-Neutral? Gender Stereotypic Responses to Computers

This study tested whether computers embedded with the most minimal gender cues will evoke sex-based stereotypic responses. Using an experimental paradigm (N=40) that involved computers with voice output, the study tested three sex-based stereotypes under conditions in which all suggestions of gender were removed, with the sole exception of vocal cues. In all three cases, gender stereotypic responses were obtained. Because the experimental manipulation involved no deception regarding the source of the voices, this study presents evidence that the tendency to gender stereotype is extremely powerful, extending even to inanimate machines. Are computers gender-neutral?
The Model of Factors Influencing Successful Change Implementation in Slovene Hospitals

We researched a hypothetical model of factors influencing successful change implementation in fourteen Slovene hospitals for the following independent variables: organizational culture, teamwork, leadership models, informational support for work processes, and hospital organization. The research included dependent variable: current situation of successful change implementation approaches. The results are based on a 9% sample of employees (759 respondents) from three personnel categories (medicine, nursing, non-health care professionals). The results have revealed that teamwork is the independent variable which explained successful change implementation in hospitals most highly. The research has shown that a reform of the management sector in Slovene hospitals is needed in terms of gaining new knowledge and participating in management training programs which also include change implementation.
The Application of Strategic Human Resource Management in Improving Attraction and Retention of Teachers

Many industries have successfully linked human resource functions and strategic management processes to provide competitive advantage, improved performance and quality of work life (Lansbury 2003; Cascio 2006). This thesis investigates the uptake of Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) and whether SHRM practices can improve the attraction and retention of teachers within the school sector in Western Australia (WA). The State, like other areas worldwide, has an ageing teacher workforce and faces the threat of longer-term teacher shortages (Department of Education, Science and Training 2003) and implementing SHRM might be one way of addressing these shortages. Aligning a strategic planning process, a clear mission, strategic objectives and a dedicated Human Resources (HR) department to vertically and horizontally integrate HR functions (Tompkins, 2002) as suggested by the SHRM model, should improve teacher attraction and retention outcomes. This multi-method qualitative research used an exploratory Delphi study and two case studies. The Delphi study drew on eight participants from school agencies and academia. One case study involved principals or HR staff from the private and public school sectors; the other case study included serving and retired teachers. Currently SHRM uptake is variable, with the strongest evidence from the larger private schools and the public sector centrally, though this was poorly devolved at the school level. The smaller private schools had the weakest evidence of SHRM uptake. Respondents agreed that SHRM could improve teacher attraction / retention by enhancing working conditions, such as appraisal and performance management, professional development, recruitment and selection, and reward. SHRM could also foster important influences on teacher attraction and retention, such as personal characteristics and a supportive culture and in addition, respondents recommended implementation of further specific SHRM strategies. The study generalisability may be limited by the unique characteristics of WA or there could be some respondent bias. Nonetheless, this study is one of the first to investigate the level of implementation and role of SHRM in improving attraction and retention of teachers. A model of SHRM in education would not only benefit WA schools, but also could broadly apply to or add insights for other education systems.
FRAME: Fast and Realistic Attacker Modeling and Evaluation for Temporal Logical Correlation in Static Noise

We propose a method called Fast and Realistic Attacker Modeling and Evaluation (FRAME) that can reduce pessimism in static noise analysis by exploiting temporal logical correlation of attackers and using novel techniques termed envelopes and $\sigma$ functions. Unlike conventional pruning-based approaches, FRAME efficiently considers all relevant attackers, thereby producing more realistic results. FRAME was tested with complex industrial design and successfully reduced the pessimism of conventional techniques by 30.4% on average, with little computational overhead.
Vowel Recognition using Neural Networks

Summary Speech recognition techniques have been developed dramatically in recent years. Nevertheless, errors caused by environmental noise are still a serious problem in recognition. Employing algorithms to detect and follow the motion of lips have been widely used to improve the performance of speech recognition algorithms. This paper presents a novel technique to recognize vowels. Lip features extracted by using a combined method are used as input parameters to a neural network system for recognition. Accuracy of the proposed method is verified by using it to recognize 6 main Farsi vowels.
Expectations, effectiveness and discrepancies: exploring multiple HR roles in the Chinese business context

One of the strategic issues in human resource management (HRM) research is the recognition of HR professionals' roles, yet how effective HR professionals are performing these roles has seldom been studied. This article conducts a two-phase study to explore the role expectations, role effectiveness and discrepancies of HR professionals in the Chinese business context. In the first phase, six roles in three domains were determined using a qualitative method. In the second phase, hypotheses were proposed and tested empirically. The results highlight that the value of role effectiveness is significantly lower than that of role expectation. In terms of perceptive discrepancies between HR and non-HR individuals, significant differences exist on the expectations of the roles in the strategic domain (i.e. facilitator and supporter), and also on the effectiveness of the roles in all three domains, except for that of facilitator in the strategic domain. The results also indicate that the effectiveness of each different role has a distinctive weighting in explaining the overall effectiveness of HRM, and that different groups hold diverse views on the relationship between role effectiveness and overall effectiveness.
PRESENCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUSES IN EQUINES IN BRAZIL

Equines are susceptible to respiratory viruses such as influenza and parainfluenza. Respiratory diseases have adversely impacted economies all over the world. This study was intended to determine the presence of influenza and parainfluenza viruses in unvaccinated horses from some regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Blood serum collected from 72 equines of different towns in this state was tested by hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies for both viruses using the corresponding antigens. About 98.6% (71) and 97.2% (70) of the equines responded with antibody protective titers (≥ 80 HIU/25µL) H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A viruses, respectively. All horses (72) also responded with protective titers (≥ 80) HIU/25µL against the parainfluenza virus. The difference between mean antibody titers to H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A viruses was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean titers for influenza and parainfluenza viruses, on the other hand, showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). These results indicate a better antibody response from equines to parainfluenza 3 virus than to the equine influenza viruses. No statistically significant differences in the responses against H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A and parainfluenza 3 viruses were observed according to the gender (female, male) or the age (≤ 2 to 20 years-old) groups. This study provides evidence of the concomitant presence of two subtypes of the equine influenza A (H7N7 and H3N8) viruses and the parainfluenza 3 virus in equines in Brazil. Thus, it is advisable to vaccinate equines against these respiratory viruses.
Initial Presentations Predict Mortality in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients - A Prospective Observational Study

Background Despite effective anti-TB treatments, tuberculosis remains a serious threat to public health and is associated with high mortality. Old age and multiple co-morbidities are known risk factors for death. The association of clinical presentations with mortality in pulmonary tuberculosis patients remains an issue of controversy. Methods This prospective observational study enrolled newly diagnosed, culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis patients from five medical centers and one regional hospital, which were referral hospitals of TB patients. Radiographic findings and clinical symptoms were determined at the time of diagnosis. Patients who died for any reason during the course of anti-TB treatment were defined as mortality cases and death that occurred within 30 days of initiating treatment was defined as early mortality. Clinical factors associated with overall mortality and early mortality were investigated. Results A total of 992 patients were enrolled and 195 (19.7%) died. Nearly one-third (62/195, 31.8%) of the deaths occurred before or within 30 days of treatment initiation. Older age (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.03–1.05), malignancy (RR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.77–3.31), renal insufficiency (RR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.12–2.80), presence of chronic cough (RR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.47–0.84), fever (RR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.09–1.94), and anorexia (RR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.07–2.06) were independently associated with overall mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher mortality in patients present with fever (p<0.001), anorexia (p = 0.005), and without chronic cough (p<0.001). Among patients of mortality, those with respiratory symptoms of chronic cough (RR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.33–0.98) and dyspnea (HR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.27–0.98) were less likely to experience early mortality. The radiological features were comparable between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusions In addition to demographic characteristics, clinical presentations including the presence of fever, anorexia, and the absence of chronic cough, were also independent predictors for on-treatment mortality in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.