Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Kv2.1 K+ Conductance by Cell Surface Channel Density

The Kv2.1 voltage-gated K+ channel is found both freely diffusing over the plasma membrane and concentrated in micron-sized clusters localized to the soma, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segment of hippocampal neurons. In transfected HEK cells, Kv2.1 channels within cluster microdomains are nonconducting. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, the number of GFP-tagged Kv2.1 channels on the HEK cell surface was compared with K+ channel conductance measured by whole-cell voltage clamp of the same cell. This approach indicated that, as channel density increases, nonclustered channels cease conducting. At the highest density observed, only 4% of all channels were conducting. Mutant Kv2.1 channels that fail to cluster also possessed the nonconducting state with 17% conducting K+ at higher surface densities. The nonconducting state was specific to Kv2.1 as Kv1.4 was always conducting regardless of the cell-surface expression level. Anti-Kv2.1 immunofluorescence intensity, standardized to Kv2.1 surface density in transfected HEK cells, was used to determine the expression levels of endogenous Kv2.1 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Endogenous Kv2.1 levels were compared with the number of conducting channels determined by whole-cell voltage clamp. Only 13 and 27% of the endogenous Kv2.1 was conducting in neurons cultured for 14 and 20 d, respectively. Together, these data indicate that the nonconducting state depends primarily on surface density as opposed to cluster location and that this nonconducting state also exists for native Kv2.1 found in cultured hippocampal neurons. This excess of Kv2.1 protein relative to K+ conductance further supports a nonconducting role for Kv2.1 in excitable tissues.
Interplay between Cell Migration and Neurite Outgrowth Determines SH2B1β-Enhanced Neurite Regeneration of Differentiated PC12 Cells

The regulation of neurite outgrowth is crucial in developing strategies to promote neurite regeneration after nerve injury and in degenerative diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of an adaptor/scaffolding protein SH2B1β promotes neurite re-growth of differentiated PC12 cells, an established neuronal model, using wound healing (scraping) assays. Cell migration and the subsequent remodeling are crucial determinants during neurite regeneration. We provide evidence suggesting that overexpressing SH2B1β enhances protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent cell migration and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-ERK-dependent neurite re-growth. Our results further reveal a cross-talk between pathways involving PKC and ERK1/2 in regulating neurite re-growth and cell migration. We conclude that temporal regulation of cell migration and neurite outgrowth by SH2B1β contributes to the enhanced regeneration of differentiated PC12 cells.
Complejidad y coherencia de los documentos curriculares colombianos

El Ministerio de Educacion Nacional de Colombia presento, a finales de 2016, versiones preliminares de dos documentos curriculares: la segunda version de Derechos Basicos de Aprendizaje y la primera version de las mallas curriculares. Se espera que estos documentos complementen el de los Estandares Basicos de Competencia que los profesores e instituciones educativas han venido implementando desde hace diez anos. En este articulo, presentamos un analisis curricular de estos documentos. Encontramos que presentan un nivel importante de complejidad y multiples incoherencias. Por esta razon, no es posible afirmar que todos los profesores e instituciones colombianos puedan comprender su contenido, interpretarlo adecuadamente y llevarlo a la practica con el proposito de contribuir al aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
A class act? Social background and body modifications in Australia

Are we witnessing the democratisation of body modification in Australia? The prevalence and social background of body modifications is examined using national and state-level survey data from Australia. We find body modifications to be more prevalent among younger, less educated, working-class, non-conservative Australians. Women are far more likely than men are to have body piercings, although in Queensland, young women are more likely than young men to be tattooed. Important life events such as pregnancy, separating from a long-term partner or experiencing violence are also associated with body modifications. While body modifications may be on the rise, social factors still influence the uptake of body modification practices in Australia, suggesting these are socially circumscribed taste-based practices, and should not yet be described as normative.
Early and delayed long-term transcriptional changes and short-term transient responses during cold acclimation in olive leaves

Low temperature severely affects plant growth and development. To overcome this constraint, several plant species from regions having a cool season have evolved an adaptive response, called cold acclimation. We have studied this response in olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cv. Picual. Biochemical stress markers and cold-stress symptoms were detected after the first 24 h as sagging leaves. After 5 days, the plants were found to have completely recovered. Control and cold-stressed plants were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 1000 paired-end technique. We also assembled a new olive transcriptome comprising 157,799 unigenes and found 6,309 unigenes differentially expressed in response to cold. Three types of response that led to cold acclimation were found: short-term transient response, early long-term response, and late long-term response. These subsets of unigenes were related to different biological processes. Early responses involved many cold-stress-responsive genes coding for, among many other things, C-repeat binding factor transcription factors, fatty acid desaturases, wax synthesis, and oligosaccharide metabolism. After long-term exposure to cold, a large proportion of gene down-regulation was found, including photosynthesis and plant growth genes. Up-regulated genes after long-term cold exposure were related to organelle fusion, nucleus organization, and DNA integration, including retrotransposons.
Adaptive shape evolution using blending

We propose a shape representation scheme which allows two shapes to be combined into a single model. The desired regions of the two shapes are selected, and then merged together forming a blended shape. For reconstruction, blending is incorporated into a deformable model framework. The model automatically adapts to the data, blending when necessary. Hierarchical blending allows multiple blends of a shape to occur forming an evolution from the initial shape of a sphere to the final shape. Blending also allows the insertion of a hole between arbitrary locations. The models used are globally defined, making the recovered shape a natural symbolic description. We present reconstruction experiments involving shapes of various topologies. <<ETX>>
INCEST SEBAGAI BENTUK MANIFESTASI KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN

Incest is another form of gender-based violence, more specifically a manifestation of violence against women. Categorized as crime under the existing law, there is a strong need not only to suppress this conduct but also to give justice to the victims. At this context, the legal policy to suppress incest can be divided into two main themes. Firstly, is to protect the citizens so that they will not be a victim of incest. Secondly, is to realize the right of victim of incest such as compensation, restitutions et cetera as have been regulated by the law. In addition, this paper recommends non-penal approach to reduce the number of incest. Kata kunci : gender-based violence, incest
Meanings and boundaries of scientific software sharing

In theory, software, like other digital artifacts, can be freely copied and distributed. In practice, however, its effective flow is conditioned on various technical and social factors. In this paper, drawing on ethnographic work primarily with a bio-informatics research team in China, we report on meanings of scientific software sharing as embedded in social practices of learning, apprenticeship, membership, publication, and reputation. We illustrate that while free flow is important, boundary management is equally important for the effective travel of software to its appropriate destinations. Our study highlights a number of issues that are important to consider for effectively supporting sharing and collaboration in science.
The Open University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Tracking trash

Using active self reporting tags we were able to follow the journey of 2,000 objects through the waste management system of Seattle. We used this data to define measures of efficiency for what could be called the ‘removal chain’. We found that over 95% of the traces reached a compliant end destination. However, there were concerns with special categories of waste (cellphones, e-waste, and household hazardous waste) and specific geographic locations (trash from Bellevue and Redmond in particular did not follow the recommended best practices). We believe that similar studies may increase knowledge and systemic performance of waste management systems and, at a personal level, reduce the ‘out of sight out of mind’ attitude to trash.
2A and the Auxin-Based Degron System Facilitate Control of Protein Levels in Plasmodium falciparum

Analysis of gene function in Plasmodium falciparum, the most important human malaria parasite, is restricted by the lack of robust and simple reverse genetic tools. Approaches to manipulate protein levels post-translationally are powerful tools to study protein-off effects especially in the haploid malaria parasite where genetic knockouts of essential genes are lethal. We investigated if the auxin-inducible degron system is functional in P. falciparum and found that degron-tagged yellow fluorescent protein levels were efficiently reduced upon addition of auxin which otherwise had no effect on parasite viability. The genetic components required in this conditional approach were co-expressed in P. falciparum by applying the small peptide 2A. 2A is a self-processing peptide from Foot-And-Mouth Disease virus that allows the whole conditional system to be accommodated on a single plasmid vector and ensures stoichiometric expression levels.
Active Learning with Oracle Epiphany

We present a theoretical analysis of active learning with more realistic interactions with human oracles. Previous empirical studies have shown oracles abstaining on difficult queries until accumulating enough information to make label decisions. We formalize this phenomenon with an “oracle epiphany model” and analyze active learning query complexity under such oracles for both the realizable and the agnos- tic cases. Our analysis shows that active learning is possible with oracle epiphany, but incurs an additional cost depending on when the epiphany happens. Our results suggest new, principled active learning approaches with realistic oracles.
Response Time Analysis with Limited Carry-In for Global Earliest Deadline First Scheduling

We address the problem of schedulability analysis for a set of sporadic real-time tasks scheduled by the Global Earliest Deadline First (G-EDF) policy on a multiprocessor platform. State-of-the-art tests for schedulability analysis of multiprocessor global scheduling are often incomparable. That is, a task set that is judged not schedulable by a test may be verified to be schedulable by another test, and vice versa. In this paper, we first develop a new schedulability test that integrates the limited carry-in technique and Response Time Analysis (RTA) procedure for Global EDF schedulability analysis. Then, we provide an over-approximate variant of this test with better run-time efficiency. Later, we extend these two tests to self-suspending tasks. All schedulability tests proposed in the paper have provable dominance over their state-of-the-art counterparts. Finally, we conduct extensive comparisons among different schedulability tests. Our new tests show significant improvements for schedulability analysis of Global EDF.
Any Inspection is Manipulable

CONSIDER A SEQUENTIAL FORECAST that may vary with time and history. A calibration test (see Dawid (1982), Foster and Vohra (1997), and Kalai, Lehrer, and Smorodinsky (1999)) compares the observed empirical frequency over a set of times with the average prediction, over the same set of times. Each test checks different events at different times. A forecasting scheme passes a calibration test at a sequence of state realizations if the gap between these two figures diminishes to zero. In other words, each test defines what is consistent with the observed facts differently. A forecast is consistent with the observed facts according to a given test if the empirical frequency of the events checked coincides asymptotically with the average prediction of these events. When the forecast and the true distribution (according to which the states are selected) are the same, the forecast passes any calibration test with probability one. A calibration test is, therefore, Type I-error free. The calibration tests treated in the literature are pure: After any history it is known what specific event (for instance, "rain," "foggy") is being considered. Here, we introduce mixed calibration tests, where, after each history, a randomly chosen event is checked. A mixed test checks whether the average prediction of these randomly chosen events is asymptotically equal to the frequency of their realizations. Like a deterministic test, a mixed calibration test is also Type I-error free. The main result of this paper shows that there is no mixed calibration test that rejects any inaccurate forecast. That is, for any test of this kind, there exists a forecasting scheme that is always consistent with the realized events. A constructive method to produce this scheme is provided as well. Another interpretation of the main result involves a forecaster and an inspector. The inspector randomly chooses a calibration test according to a known distribution. It is shown that a forecaster, without knowing anything regarding the way states are selected can pass almost every test chosen by the inspector, independently of the sequence of realizations. In other words, the forecaster has a forecasting method that is consistent with the observed facts in the meaning induced by almost all tests. Instead of randomly choosing one test, as discussed previously, the inspector can employ a set of tests simultaneously. The main result implies that if the inspector employs countably many calibration tests, for instance all those computable by a Turing machine, a forecaster can, likewise, pass them all2 simultaneously. It means that a consultant or a scientist (e.g., a weather forecaster) who knows the (countable) set of
INVESTIGATING THE WORKING MEMORY AND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION STRATEGIES AMONG MONOLINGUAL AND BILINGUAL CHILDREN IN A CLASSROOM’S SETTING

The present study aimed at comparing the working memory of Greek monolingual students to bilingual ones from migrant backgrounds who all attend primary school. Secondly, an effort was made to investigate the correlation of the working memory with the academic performance in both groups. Moreover, the correlation of the vocabulary strategies, employed by monolingual and bilingual students in an integrated memory-based text framework (Rachanioti, Griva & Alevriadou, 2017), with their working memory was explored. The sample consisted of 20 monolingual and 20 bilingual students of Albanian origin, who attended the 5 th and 6 th grade of three primary schools in Eastern Thessaloniki, Greece. The monolingual and bilingual students were matched according to their mark reports on academic performance. The Automated Working Memory Assessment (Alloway, 2007) was used to assess the students’ working memory. The data revealed that monolingual and bilingual students did not differ either in the verbal working memory or the visuospatial working memory performance. A statistically significant positive correlation between working memory and academic performance was found in both monolingual and bilingual students. The correlation of the Process strategies with the verbal working memory was statistically significant in monolingual students, as well as in the bilingual ones. The Memory strategies were positively correlated with the verbal and visuospatial working memory in both groups. The Confirmation / consolidation strategies were positively correlated with the verbal working memory only in the bilingual students. Results are discussed in terms of memory strategy instruction that may compensate for a poor working memory of both monolingual and bilingual students in a classroom’s setting, thus aiding to improve their academic performance. This study is the first trial of the AWMA in Greek students as well as bilingual immigrant ones. Article visualizations:
The Best Way to Measure Explicit Racial Attitudes Is to Ask About Them

Direct assessments of explicit racial attitudes, such as reporting an overt preference for White versus Black people, may raise social desirability concerns and reduce measurement quality. As a result, researchers have developed more indirect self-report measures of explicit racial attitudes. While such measures dampen social desirability concerns, they may weaken measurement quality by assessing construct-irrelevant attitudes, thereby lowering correspondence between measure and construct. To investigate whether direct or indirect self-report measures better assess explicit racial attitudes, participants (N > 800,000) completed an implicit racial attitude measure and a subset of over 400 items that varied in the degree to which they were indirect or direct assessments of self-reported racial attitudes. More direct assessments of racial preferences were better predictors of implicit racial attitudes and maximized differences between Black and White participants. These results suggest that the best method to measure individuals’ explicit racial attitudes is to ask about them directly.
Vibrotactile information for intuitive speed regulation

The present aim was to investigate if controlled vibrotactile stimulation can be used to inform users on how to regulate their behavior. 36 stimuli were varied by frequency modulation (i.e., ascending, constant, and descending), duration (i.e., 500, 1750, and 3000 ms), waveform (i.e., sine and sawtooth), and body location (i.e., wrist and chest), and presented to 12 participants. The participants were to evaluate without any training the meaning of each presented stimuli using three response options: 'accelerate your speed', 'keep your speed constant', and 'decelerate your speed'. Participants rated also how emotionally pleasant and arousing the different stimulations were. The results showed that the stimuli were predominantly perceived analogously with the vibration frequency modulation. The best stimuli represented 'accelerate your speed', 'keep your speed constant', and 'decelerate your speed' information in accuracies of 88, 100, and 79%, respectively. Stimulations were experienced as more pleasant in the wrist compared to the chest location. Both ascending and descending stimulations were rated as more arousing than stimuli with constant frequency. Our results suggest that tactile stimulation could be used in real life mobile applications, for example, in sports to inform the users on how they should regulate their performance.
Backhaul-constrained optimization for hybrid access small cells

In this paper, we investigate the limited-capacity backhaul's impact on small cell holders' (SHs') utilities and the mobile network operator's (MNO's) net revenue under a refunding framework. SHs are reluctant to share accesses with guest users due to selfish nature. To advocate better resource utilization, the MNO refunds SHs to motivate hybrid access as incentives. We model the interactions between the MNO and SHs as a Stackelberg game: in Stage I, the MNO refunds SHs and we propose a lookup table approach to decide individualized refunding and interference temperature constraints to different SHs; in Stage II, SHs admit guest users and we propose a near-optimal two-phase guest user admission algorithm where guest users are gradually admitted in terms of the minimum increment of sum-log power. Simulation results show that under the limited-capacity backhaul, a higher refunding can increase SHs' utilities while decrease the MNO's net revenue. Hence, the MNO implicitly controls the number of admitted guest users through individualized refunding to maximize its net revenue.
Multidimensional poverty measurement with individual preferences

We propose a new approach to multidimensional poverty measurement. To aggregate and weight the different dimensions of poverty, we rely on the preferences of the concerned individuals rather than on an arbitrary weighting scheme selected by the analyst. We provide an axiomatic characterization of an approach in which multidimensional poverty measures add up individual indices of poverty based on their multidimensional outcomes and their preferences. We discuss two families of these individual indices of poverty: quantity metrics and money metrics. Members of the first family evaluate individual poverty by the fraction of the poverty line vector to which the individual is indifferent. The second family considers the ratio between the income to which the individual is indifferent, for some fixed price vector, and the money value of the poverty line vector. We illustrate our approach with Russian survey data between 1995 and 2005. We find that, compared to standard poverty indices, our preference-sensitive indices lead to considerable differences in the identification of the poor.
Multiple-Symbol Differential Sphere Detection for the Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Uplink

It is widely recognized that the differential amplify-and-forward (DAF) transmission scheme is capable of providing a superior performance compared to classic direct transmissions employing differential detection in slow-fading channels and in fact it may even outperform coherent detection aided systems relying on realistic imperfect channel estimates. However, in reality the channels connecting the multiple nodes of a cooperative system typically become time-selective due to the relative mobility of the cooperating terminals. Hence, the performance gain achieved may erode as the environment becomes more time-selective. On the other hand, multiple-symbol based differential sphere detection (MSDSD) has been proposed to mitigate the channel-induced performance loss suffered by classic direct transmission schemes employing the conventional differential detection (CDD) scheme. Hence in this paper, we specifically design the MSDSD based on a multi-dimensional tree search, which is capable of achieving a significant performance gain in the context of a DAF-aided cooperative system for transmission over time-selective channels. For example, given a target BER of 10^{-3}, a performance gain of about 10 dB can be attained by the proposed MSDSD for a two-user cooperative system in a channel having a normalized Doppler frequency of 0.03.