Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear Valuation Models in Continuous Time with Accounting Information

Two decades of empirical research in capital markets have produced considerable evidence of the information content of accounting numbers for security pricing. The theory of financial economics has also progressed enormously during this period. It is, therefore, surprising to note the paucity of theoretical models, in finance and accounting, that explicitly incorporate the empirical and structural characteristics of accounting variables in security valuation. In the absence of such theory, empiricists and practitioners have often relied on experience, intuition, and some good fortune in assessing the role of accounting information in pricing securities. I attempt, in this paper, to provide an economic framework for analyzing the role of accounting information in security valuation. ’ I begin by deriving a general, continuous-time, equilibrium-based security pricing model that is linear in accounting variables. This model identifies and defines theoretically consistent features of an economy that support the linear relationship. There are primarily three reasons for pursuing linearity. First, it is amenable to testing procedures using well-established linear regression techniques. Second, the linear structure allows me to make theoretical observations on commonly used ratios. Finally, it provides a link between my model and earlier models in the literature. The continuous-time setting for the model provides a realistic platform for financial accounting and reporting. It recognizes and captures the notion of continuous economic events. It also emphasizes the continuity of a firm’s activities and existence. Within this economic framework, I derive sufficient conditions to re-
Effects of sprint and plyometric training on morphological characteristics in physically active men

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sprint and plyometric training on morphological characteristics of physically active men. One hundred and fifty one physical education students (18-24 years of age) were allocated into one of three groups: the plyometric group (PG ; n = 50), the sprint group (SG ; n = 50), and the control group (CG ; n = 51). Both experimental groups participated in a training programme 3 times a week for 10 weeks. SG performed maximal sprints for distances between 10 and 50 meters, while the training programme in PG consisted of hurdle jumps and drop jumps. Anthropometric measurement was performed in the week before and the week after the experiment. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in magnitude of changes in any of the analysed anthropometric variables between the groups. However, a significant decrease (P < 0.0167) in the percentage of body fat (6.1%) was found in SG. We also found a significant decrease (P < 0.0167) in body mass (1%), fat-free mass (0.4%) and body mass index (0.9%) for the SG, but the magnitude of these changes was rather low. We conclude that the short-term explosive-type training programmes in which muscles operate in the fast stretch-shortening cycle conditions (i.e., sprinting, jumping) have a limited potential to induce morphological changes in physically active men.
Sulfite Reductase Defines a Newly Discovered Bottleneck for Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction and Is Essential for Growth and Development in Arabidopsis thaliana[C][W]

This work examines role of sulfite reductase (SiR) in assimilatory reduction of inorganic sulfate to sulfide. Reduced sulfite reductase activity results in growth retardation and severe perturbations of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon metabolism, demonstrating that, surprisingly, SiR plays a role in controlling flux in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. The role of sulfite reductase (SiR) in assimilatory reduction of inorganic sulfate to sulfide has long been regarded as insignificant for control of flux in this pathway. Two independent Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion lines (sir1-1 and sir1-2), each with an insertion in the promoter region of SiR, were isolated. sir1-2 seedlings had 14% SiR transcript levels compared with the wild type and were early seedling lethal. sir1-1 seedlings had 44% SiR transcript levels and were viable but strongly retarded in growth. In mature leaves of sir1-1 plants, the levels of SiR transcript, protein, and enzymatic activity ranged between 17 and 28% compared with the wild type. The 28-fold decrease of incorporation of 35S label into Cys, glutathione, and protein in sir1-1 showed that the decreased activity of SiR generated a severe bottleneck in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. Root sulfate uptake was strongly enhanced, and steady state levels of most of the sulfur-related metabolites, as well as the expression of many primary metabolism genes, were changed in leaves of sir1-1. Hexose and starch contents were decreased, while free amino acids increased. Inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur composition was also severely altered, demonstrating strong perturbations in metabolism that differed markedly from known sulfate deficiency responses. The results support that SiR is the only gene with this function in the Arabidopsis genome, that optimal activity of SiR is essential for normal growth, and that its downregulation causes severe adaptive reactions of primary and secondary metabolism.
(Re)defining Journalistic Expertise in the Digital Transformation: A Content Analysis of Job Announcements

ABSTRACT In the last decade or so, the attempt to rethink journalism expertise has been made in the context of a radically changing media environment. While many new journalism skills and knowledge areas have been identified, the existing literature lacks a clear conceptual framework that can comprehensively and systematically examine the many dimensions of journalistic expertise. Drawing on the expertise theory, this study explicates the concept of journalistic expertise and reviews the literature on the disruption, transformation, and reinvention of the journalism industry that forces a rethinking of journalistic expertise. Previous studies based on journalist job announcements are also reviewed and gaps identified. We then present an empirical content analysis of 669 journalist job announcements posted on Indeed.com from 1 July to 31 December 2017. Four types of journalistic expertise are proposed, identified and measured. The journalistic expertise preferences across different journalism platforms and for different journalistic positions are also analyzed. The conceptual implications of this study are addressed and the practical implications for journalists and journalism education are discussed.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Contributes to an Alternative Macrophage Activation Profile Induced by Apoptotic Cell

Apoptotic cells (AC) are rapidly engulfed by professional phagocytes such as macrophages to avoid secondary necrosis and thus inflammation. Recognition of AC polarizes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, which shows homology to an alternatively activated M2 macrophage. However, mechanistic details provoking these phenotype alterations are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate a biphasic up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a protein that bears an antiapoptotic as well as an anti-inflammatory potential, in primary human macrophages, which were exposed to the supernatant of AC. Although the first phase of HO-1 induction at 6 h was accomplished by AC-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acting via S1P receptor 1, the second wave of HO-1 induction at 24 h was attributed to autocrine signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), whose expression and release were facilitated by S1P. Whereas VEGFA release from macrophages was signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1-dependent, vascular endothelial growth factor itself triggered STAT1/STAT3 heterodimer formation, which bound to and activated the HO-1 promoter. Knockdown of HO-1 proved its relevance in facilitating enhanced expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, as well as the anti-inflammatory adenosine receptor A2A. These findings suggest that HO-1, which is induced by AC-derived S1P, is critically involved in macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype.
Predictive Efficacy of Interim Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) for the Treatment of Aggressive Lymphoma

The prognostic value of whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) shortly after the onset of induction chemotherapy or mid treatment could help to predict long-term clinical outcomes in patients with Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, FDG is not a tumor-specific substance, and it may accumulate to the point of being detected in a variety of benign conditions or at physiologic anatomical sites, which may give rise to false-positive interpretation. In an attempt to standardize the reporting criteria for interim PET/CT, the First International Workshop on Interim PET in Lymphoma suggested visual response criteria with the Deauville five-point scale, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) has been investigated in comparison with this visual system. A quantitative approach using the measurement of maximal SUV (SUVmax) or the reduction rate of SUVmax (ΔSUVmax) might be more appropriate in early-response PET/CT for reducing false-positive rates or for decreasing interobserver variability in interpretation. In this review, the predictive efficacy of PET/CT is discussed for the treatment of aggressive lymphoma, especially in terms of an interim PET/CT-based prognostic model.
Neuronal connectome of a sensory-motor circuit for visual navigation

Animals use spatial differences in environmental light levels for visual navigation; however, how light inputs are translated into coordinated motor outputs remains poorly understood. Here we reconstruct the neuronal connectome of a four-eye visual circuit in the larva of the annelid Platynereis using serial-section transmission electron microscopy. In this 71-neuron circuit, photoreceptors connect via three layers of interneurons to motorneurons, which innervate trunk muscles. By combining eye ablations with behavioral experiments, we show that the circuit compares light on either side of the body and stimulates body bending upon left-right light imbalance during visual phototaxis. We also identified an interneuron motif that enhances sensitivity to different light intensity contrasts. The Platynereis eye circuit has the hallmarks of a visual system, including spatial light detection and contrast modulation, illustrating how image-forming eyes may have evolved via intermediate stages contrasting only a light and a dark field during a simple visual task. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02730. 001
Queueing Analysis of a Jockeying Model

In this paper, we solve a type of shortest queue problem, which is related to multibeam satellite systems. We assume that the packet interarrival times are independently distributed according to an arbitrary distribution function, that the service times are Markovian with possibly different service rates, that each server has its own buffer for packet waiting, and that jockeying among buffers is permitted. Packets always join the shortest buffers. Jockeying takes place as soon as the difference between the longest and shortest buffers exceeds a preset number not necessarily 1. In this case, the last packet in a longest buffer jockeys instantaneously to the shortest buffers. We prove that the equilibrium distribution of packets in the system is modified vector geometric. Expressions of main performance measures, including the average number of packets in the system, the average packet waiting time in the system, and the average number of jockeying, are given. Based on these solutions, numerical results are computed. By comparing the results for jockeying and nonjockeying models, we show that a significant improvement of the system performance is achieved for the jockeying model.
Visualizing Uncertainty of Edge Attributes in Node-Link Diagrams

In this paper, we discuss and evaluate the handling of uncertainty in visual network analysis, i.e. the uncertainty of edge attributes. This can be useful to answer a question like ”How reliable is a flow rate value on a specific edge/pipeline? ”. For investigating the most suitable and most intuitive representation of uncertain edge attributes in visual network analysis, we extend the state of the art in uncertain edge visualization. We present and compare four different approaches in a large user study to gain insight into effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction. In our user study, we show that dashed lines are the most promising method in general. But, depending on the task, wavy lines as well as blurred lines can be a better choice in terms of efficiency.
Robust method of digital image watermarking using SVD transform on DWT coefficients with optimal block

Over the last few years, development of internet and technology of media, the protection of copyright have become very important. To protect multimedia data against illegal copying and transferring, the insertion of a signal (digital signature, watermark) has become a duty without modifying quality of the original image, the goal of this operation is to identify the owner and protect his intellectual property. Digital watermarking has been proposed as a solution to solving the copyright problem by introducing invisible data (watermark) into original image. In this paper, we propose a study of digital images watermarking. This study is achieved by inserting watermark in different coefficients of DWT (LH, HL, HH) using SVD transform by searching the optimal block that have the maximum entropy which can be used to insert the watermark in original image. The experimental results show the different results of PSNR for each coefficient of DWT and the robustness against most attacks.
Long term effects of hysterectomy on mortality: nested cohort study

Abstract Objectives To investigate the long term risk (mean > 20 years) of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in women who had or had not had a hysterectomy. Design Nested cohort study. Setting Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study. Participants 7410 women (3705 flagged at the NHS central registries for cancer and death who had a hysterectomy during the oral contraception study and 3705 who were flagged but did not have the operation). Main outcome measures Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Results 623 (8.4%) women had died by the end of follow-up (308 in the hysterectomy group and 315 in the non-hysterectomy group). Older women who had had a hysterectomy had a 6% reduced risk of death compared with women of a similar age who did not have the operation (adjusted hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.18). Compared with young women who did not have a hysterectomy those who were younger at hysterectomy had an adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality of 0.82 (0.65 to 1.03). Hysterectomy was not associated with a significantly altered risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease or cancer regardless of age. Conclusion Hysterectomy did not increase the risk of death in the medium to long term.
The optimal second position in Pashto

Introduction In a detailed study of Pashto clitics, Tegey (1977) argues that some interesting interactions between clitic placement and phonology in the language cannot be accommodated in a derivational model of grammar like (1), in which there is a strict separation between the syntactic and phonological components. (1) D-structure S-structure PF LF Rather, Tegey suggests that phonological rules must be interleaved among syntactic ones. Kaisse (1981; 1985: 132-143), on the other hand, observes that the Pashto data may be accounted for simply by regarding a small set of verb stems as polymorphemic, rather than as monomorphemic. The present paper brings additional evidence to support Kaisse's conclusion that Pashto may be accommodated by a grammar like (1), though from a different body of facts. After outlining the facts of Pashto second position clitic placement in sectionn 1, sectionn 2 will challenge the assumption of both Tegey and Kaisse that second position clitic placement in Pashto is a syntactic process. It will be shown that Pashto clitic placement in fact is best explained by a purely phonological account, a point suggested recently also by van der Leeuw (1995) and Hock (1996). The extent to which syntactic structure contributes to clitic placement is narrowly constrained by principles proposed by Selkirk (1984; 1986) for the mapping of syntactic structure to prosodic structure. Pursuing recent ideas of Anderson (1996) regarding second 2 position phenomena, it will be claimed that, once the prosodic structure of a sentence has been derived, principles of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993; McCarthy and Prince 1993b) select the output form. This analysis will be proposed in sectionn 3. Pashto clitics are particularly well suited to an analysis within Optimality Theory, since highly ranked prosodic constraints may compel clitics to move away from second position in either direction. Pashto has often been cited as a language that is recalcitrant to traditional models of grammatical analysis. However, the conclusion here—that clitic placement in Pashto is not syntactic—reveals that Pashto clitics do not pose a serious challenge to traditional ideas about grammar and clitics. The Pashto data remain as interesting as ever, though not necessarily for the reasons originally brought forth by Tegey (1977); rather, Pashto clitic placement is fascinating now because its general "second position" requirement is violated by other constraints in the language, suggesting that Anderson's (1996) application of Optimality Theory to second position clitics may yield considerable force in an …
Development of ball grid array packages with improved thermal performance

To provide electronics packages with sufficient cooling during applications to secure improved reliability and performance of the packages has been one of the challenging tasks for their manufacturers and end users. Since the introduction of the standard ball grid array (BGA) package, continued efforts by package developers have successively resulted in a family of thermally enhanced BGA packages. The extra performance BGA (XP-BGA) package is one of its latest members developed as a cost competitive package for thermal margin. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the XP concept introduced by UTAC, this paper assessed the thermal performance for the two typical BGA families, i.e. FBGA 15times15mm and PBGA 35times35mm, by applying different thermal enhancement methods. Simulation shows that thermal resistance can be reduced by 17% and 25% for XP-FBGA 15times15mm and XP-PBGA 35times35mm respectively at still air comparing with their standard BGA versions. Package thermal performance was observed to improve even more at moving air. Three-dimensional finite volume simulations were further utilized to analyze the impact of several XP related variables on the package thermal performance. XP-FBGA 15times15mm and XP-PBGA 40times40mm multi-chip package (MCP) were selected as test vehicles to study their thermal performance sensitivity to the change of design, materials, process and application environment. The development of XP-BGA achieving thermal performance comparable to that of an EBGA is realized with much lower cost and higher throughput. Package structures, CFD models, and simulation data are presented and discussed
Lack of association of tumor-associated macrophages with clinical outcome in patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma.

BACKGROUND A recent study demonstrated that an increased number of CD68+ macrophages were correlated with primary treatment failure, shortened progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS The aim of the present study was to verify the relationship between the number of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages with clinical outcomes in a cohort of 265 well-characterized patients with cHL treated uniformly with the standard doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine chemotherapy regimen. Two pairs of hematopathologists carried out independent pathological evaluations of tissue microarray slides. RESULTS There were no associations between clinical characteristics and the expression of CD68 or CD163. However, higher levels of CD68 and CD163 expression were correlated with the presence of Epstein-Barr virus-positive Hodgkin tumor cells (P = 0.01 and 0.037, respectively). The expression of CD68 or CD163 was not associated with either the PFS or the DSS. CONCLUSION CD68 and CD163 expression require further evaluation before their use can be recommended for prognostic stratification of patients with cHL.
A Three-Step Approach For Low Power Scheduling Of Real-Time Embedded Systems

As batteries power an increasing number of electronic systems, power efficient design of real-time embedded systems becomes more important. In this paper we present a three-step low power static scheduling method for jointly scheduling periodic and aperiodic task graphs on variable voltage processors. The proposed method determines the lowest possible processor speed for each task while guaranteeing the deadlines. During the idle intervals, the scheduling method determines the feasible power mode and puts the processor in it. Our scheduling method provides a general framework and leads to significant power savings compared with the other known approaches.
Impact of Major Depressive Disorder on Prediabetes by Impairing Insulin Sensitivity

Reports regarding the associations between major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes remain heterogeneous. Our aim was to investigate whether glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were impaired in the MDD patients and its mechanisms. A total of 30 patients with MDD and 30 matched controls were recruited. The oral glucose tolerance test and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan were performed in each participant. Insulin signaling in postmortem brain tissues from other depressive patients and controls (obtained from Alabama brain bank) was examined. Insulin sensitivity was reduced substantially in the MDD patients, however, the fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations remained within the normal range through compensatory insulin secretion. Despite increased insulin secretion, 1-h glucose concentrations in the MDD patients were significantly elevated compared with the controls. MDD patients had greater visceral fat mass but lower adiponectin levels compared with the controls. Furthermore, phosphorylated-AKT levels in insulin signaling were decreased in postmortem brain tissues in patients with MDD. These results suggest that MDD patients are at a greater risk for diabetes due to decreased insulin sensitivity, reduced disposition index, and impaired glucose tolerance as manifested by elevated 1-h glucose concentrations following an oral glucose challenge. Mechanistic studies reveal that decreased insulin sensitivity is associated with increased visceral fat mass, lower adiponectin levels and impaired insulin action in postmortem brain tissues in the MDD patients. Our findings emphasize the importance of screening depressive patients to identify susceptible individuals for developing future diabetes with the hope of improving their health outcomes.