Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context Recollection and False Memory of Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott Paradigm: The Role of Encoding- and Retrieval-Based Mechanisms

We examined the role of context memory for false recognition of critical lures and for illusory recollection of context in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. In order to manipulate context (colour) memory, we asked the participants to read vs. generate items during the study and we presented items from one list using blocked- or mixed-colour formats. Both manipulations confirmed its influence on colour identification. Using signal detection analyses, we estimated memory sensitivity and response bias parameters, assuming that the former reflects encodingmechanism influences, whereas the latter reflects retrieval-based mechanism effects. Our results showed no evidence for diagnostic monitoring, that is, the participants did not use failure of colour recollection as a retrieval strategy for lures rejection. However, we also showed that in the blockedcolour condition, the better memory for targets colours was related to a better gist memory and a stronger proneness to attribute the list-colour to corresponding critical lures. We interpret these results as indicating that participants "misbind" contextual details to activated critical lures at encoding and/or "borrow" these details at retrieval to corroborate the strong familiarity of critical lures.
Emotionally loaded identity and agency in Finnish academic work

ABSTRACT This narrative study investigated identity, agency and emotions, amongst an under-researched academic group – those without PhDs with primary responsibility for teaching, who are also expected to do research. In this interview-based paper, we examine the experience of such Finnish academics in a research-intensive university. Thematic and then narrative approaches were employed. The findings demonstrated five narratives which indicated both balanced and tensioned relations as regards academic identity, with variable perceptions of agency and emotions embedded. The study contributes in two ways: first, it adds to the little that is known of the experiences of the aforementioned under-researched academic group. Second and more broadly, it provides insight into the emotionally loaded nature of academic work, and highlights the need for future research to explore academic identity and agency as emotionally imbued phenomena.
Medium is the message: moderate parental control of feeding correlates with improved weight outcome in a pediatric obesity intervention.

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested complex associations among variables related to parental control of feeding and child/adolescent obesity. The current study examined associations between parental food control variables and weight outcomes in the context of a behaviorally based family treatment program. METHODS Parents of youths (n = 93) enrolled in a clinical trial comparing 2 weight management interventions completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire pre- and post-treatment, and at a 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Latent growth curve modeling indicated that mean levels of restriction decreased over the course of treatment in the Positively Fit (PF) condition. Youths in the PF treatment condition whose parents increased their restriction of food experienced greater decreases in zBMI over treatment. CONCLUSIONS Results echo previous reports that high and low parental control over food intake are associated with higher zBMI. Moderate parental control can be associated with beneficial outcomes in youths enrolled in behavioral treatment programs for obesity.
An Overview of Deep-Structured Learning for Information Processing

In this paper, I will introduce to the APSIPA audience an emerging area of machine learning, deep-structured learning. It refers to a class of machine learning techniques, developed mostly since 2006, where many layers of information processing stages in hierarchical architectures are exploited for pattern classification and for unsupervised feature learning. First, the brief history of deep learning is discussed. Then, I develop a classificatory scheme to analyze and summarize major work reported in the deep learning literature. Using this scheme, I provide a taxonomy-oriented survey on the existing deep architectures, and categorize them into three types: generative, discriminative, and hybrid. Two prime deep architectures, one hybrid and one discriminative, are presented in detail. Finally, selected applications of deep learning are reviewed in broad areas of information processing including audio/speech, image/video, multimodality, language modeling, natural language processing, and information retrieval.
The Evaluation of Instructors' Views on the Use of Semiotics in English Classrooms.

Abstract Semiotics is the scientific field dealing with the meaning making process via signs and symbols. This study primarily aims at investigating the opinions and preferences of English instructors about the usage of semiotic elements such as mimics, gestures, body movements, posture, eye contact, and clothing in language teaching classrooms. Instructors’ awareness of the unspoken interaction in the class, to what extent they are using the semiotic elements in their teaching style, whether they find these elements useful or not are among the aims of this study. Further aims include determining whether or not language instructors need training about the effective use of non-verbal communication and which semiotic elements they may need special training in. In the data collection process, a questionnaire involving 20 items in a Likert scale format is completed by 40 English instructors, who are currently working in a university preparatory school. The results of the study reveal English instructors’ positive beliefs about the effective use of semiotic elements in their teaching and the powerful effect of successful non-verbal communication to boost student achievement and motivation. Additionally, having previous training on non-verbal communication use is found to be influential on instructors’ belief, which is interpreted as a need for training about the conscious use of semiotic elements in language teaching. Based on these findings, some pedagogical recommendations are proposed for further research. Keywords: Semiotics; non-verbal communication; English instructors
Informal identification of outliers in medical data

Informal box plot identification of outliers in realworld medical data was studied. Box plots were used to detect univariate outliers directly whereas the box plotted Mahalanobis distances identified multivariate outliers. Vertigo and female urinary incontinence data were used in the tests. The removal of outliers increased the descriptive classification accuracy of discriminant analysis functions and nearest neighbour method, while the predictive ability of these methods reduced somewhat. Outliers were also evaluated subjectively by expert physicians, who found most of the multivariate outliers to truly be outliers in their area. The experts sometimes disagreed with the method on univariate outliers. This happened, for example, in heterogeneous diagnostic groups where also extreme values are natural. The informal method may be used for straightforward identification of suspicious data or as a tool to collect abnormal cases for an in-depth analysis.
The impact of smoke-free legislation on fetal, infant and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Introduction Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is estimated to kill 600 000 people worldwide annually. The WHO recommends that smoke-free indoor public environments are enforced through national legislation. Such regulations have been shown to reduce SHS exposure and, consequently, respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity. Evidence of particular health benefit in children is now emerging, including reductions in low birthweight deliveries, preterm birth and asthma exacerbations. We aim to comprehensively assess the impact of smoke-free legislation on fetal, infant and childhood outcomes. This can inform further development and implementation of global policy and strategies to reduce early life SHS exposure. Methods Two authors will search online databases (1975–present; no language restrictions) of published and unpublished/in-progress studies, and references and citations to articles of interest. We will consult experts in the field to identify additional studies. Studies should describe associations between comprehensive or partial smoking bans in public places and health outcomes among children (0–12 years): stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, perinatal mortality, congenital anomalies, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, upper and lower respiratory infections and wheezing disorders including asthma. The Cochrane Effectiveness Practice and Organisational Care (EPOC)-defined study designs are eligible. Study quality will be assessed using the Cochrane 7-domain-based evaluation for randomised and clinical trials, and EPOC criteria for quasiexperimental studies. Data will be extracted by two reviewers and presented in tabular and narrative form. Meta-analysis will be undertaken using random-effects models, and generic inverse variance analysis for adjusted effect estimates. We will report sensitivity analyses according to study quality and design characteristics, and subgroup analyses according to coverage of ban, age group and parental/maternal smoking status. Publication bias will be assessed. Ethics and dissemination Ethics assessment is not required. Results Will be presented in one manuscript. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42013003522.
The Effect of Gender on Negative Emotional Experiences Accompanying Muslims’ and Jews’ Use of Verbal Aggression in Heterosexual Intimate-Partner Relationships

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between gender, religion, and the negative emotional experiences that accompany the use of unidirectional and mutual verbal aggression in conflicts between spouses. The study was based on a community sample of 163 couples (326 participants). The findings show that the negative emotional experience in mutually aggressive interactions is more intense than that observed in unidirectional aggressive interactions. The negative emotional experience that accompanies the use of verbal aggression is more intense among women than among men. The findings also show that the more one partner uses verbal aggression, the more the other partner will do so as well. In the general Israeli population, the use of verbal aggression between partners is more prevalent among Jewish couples than among Muslim couples; this difference points to an effect of the sociocultural context. Theoretical and empirical implications of the theoretical framework and the findings are discussed, including the role of verbal aggression in the escalation of partner conflicts.
CD40: Novel Association with Crohn's Disease and Replication in Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility

Background A functional polymorphism located at −1 from the start codon of the CD40 gene, rs1883832, was previously reported to disrupt a Kozak sequence essential for translation. It has been consistently associated with Graves' disease risk in populations of different ethnicity and genetic proxies of this variant evaluated in genome-wide association studies have shown evidence of an effect in rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. However, the protective allele associated with Graves' disease or rheumatoid arthritis has shown a risk role in MS, an effect that we aimed to replicate in the present work. We hypothesized that this functional polymorphism might also show an association with other complex autoimmune condition such as inflammatory bowel disease, given the CD40 overexpression previously observed in Crohn's disease (CD) lesions. Methodology Genotyping of rs1883832C>T was performed in 1564 MS, 1102 CD and 969 ulcerative colitis (UC) Spanish patients and in 2948 ethnically matched controls by TaqMan chemistry. Principal Findings The observed effect of the minor allele rs1883832T was replicated in our independent Spanish MS cohort [p = 0.025; OR (95% CI) = 1.12 (1.01–1.23)]. The frequency of the minor allele was also significantly higher in CD patients than in controls [p = 0.002; OR (95% CI) = 1.19 (1.06–1.33)]. This increased predisposition was not detected in UC patients [p = 0.5; OR (95% CI) = 1.04 (0.93–1.17)]. Conclusion The impact of CD40 rs1883832 on MS and CD risk points to a common signaling shared by these autoimmune conditions.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Facebook's Daily Sentiment and International Stock Markets

Keywords: Behavioral finance Sentiment Facebook's gross national happiness index a b s t r a c t We examine the relation between daily sentiment and trading behavior within 20 international markets by exploiting Facebook's Gross National Happiness Index. We find that sentiment has a positive contemporaneous relation to stock returns. Moreover, sentiment on Sunday affects stock returns on Monday, suggesting causality from sentiment to stock markets. We observe that the relation between sentiment and returns reverses the following weeks. We further show that negative sentiments are related to increases in trading volume and return volatility. These results highlight the importance of behavioral factors in stock investing.
Energy metabolism in human retinal Müller cells.

PURPOSE To measure selected parameters of energy metabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in passaged monolayer cultures of human retinal glial (Müller) cells to assess the effects of varying substrate and oxygen availability on the biochemistry and histologic integrity of these cells. METHODS Confluent Müller cell cultures were incubated for up to 4 hours at 37 degrees C in a modified minimal essential medium (no serum) under aerobic or mitochondrial-inhibited conditions in the presence and absence of 5 mM glucose or in the presence of lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, or glutamine. Cellular ATP levels, lactic acid production, and (14)CO(2) production from labeled glucose or glutamate were measured along with an examination of cellular morphology. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to glial cell-specific proteins was also performed. Cells were positive for vimentin, but negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase. RESULTS Human Müller cells maintained ATP content aerobically at the same level for 4 hours in the presence and absence of glucose. ATP content was also maintained anaerobically at a value equal to that found aerobically, but only in the presence of glucose. ATP content in human Müller cells declined to a very low level when glycolysis was blocked by iodoacetate, and inclusion of lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, or glutamine did not restore the level of ATP. Aerobically, lactic acid production accounted for 99% of the total glucose used, whereas the oxidation of glucose by the mitochondria accounted for only 1%. When mitochondria were inhibited with antimycin A, there was only a modest (1.3-fold) increase in the rate of lactic acid production. No significant differences were found in the histologic appearance of the cells after mitochondrial blockade, but there was massive death of cells after inhibition of glycolysis with iodoacetate. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in the presence of glucose and oxygen, cultured Müller cells obtain their ATP principally from glycolysis and have a low rate of oxygen consumption. This metabolic pattern may spare oxygen for retinal neurons, particularly in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers under normal physiological conditions. Furthermore, retinal Müller cells in culture are resistant to anoxia or absence of glucose, which provides a basis for understanding why Müller cells are less susceptible than neurons to ischemia or hypoglycemia.
Mechanisms of plasma disruption and runaway electron losses in tokamaks

Based on the analysis of data from the numerous dedicated experiments on plasma disruptions in the TEXTOR tokamak the mechanisms of the formation of runaway electron beams and their losses are proposed. The plasma disruption is caused by strong stochastic magnetic field formed due to nonlinearly excited low-mode number magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes. It is hypothesized that the runaway electron beam is formed in the central plasma region confined by an intact magnetic surface due to the acceleration of electrons by the inductive toroidal electric field. In the case of plasmas with the safety factor $q(0) 1$ ($q=5/4$, $q=4/3$, .). The thermal quench time the current quench time are estimated. The runaway electron beam current is modeled as a sum of toroidally symmetric part and a small amplitude helical current with a predominant $m/n=1/1$ component. The runaway electrons are lost due to two effects: ($i$) by outward drift of electrons in a toroidal electric field until they touch wall and ($ii$) by the formation of stochastic layer of runaway electrons at the beam edge. Such a stochastic layer for high--energy runaway electrons is formed in the presence of the $m/n=1/1$ MHD mode. It has a mixed topological structure with a stochastic region open to wall. The effect of external resonant magnetic perturbations on runaway electron loss is discussed. A possible cause of the sudden MHD signals accompanied by runaway electron bursts is explained by the redistribution of runaway current during the resonant interaction of high--energetic electron orbits with the $m/n=1/1$ MHD mode.
Fiscal Position and Size of Automatic Stabilizers in the CESEE EU Member States – Implications for Discretionary Measures

In the EU Member States in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE-10), budgetary positions have been observed to react less strongly to GDP changes than in the euro area. In the observation period, automatic stabilizers mostly operated on the revenue side, while the response of government expenditure to GDP changes was quite inelastic. In most CESEE-10 countries, the government expenditure-to-GDP ratio is smaller than the euro area average. Thus, the automatic response of the budget balance to the present downturn is expected to be rather moderate. Moreover, the room for discretionary fiscal measures is limited as there are no sufficient buffers owing to the predominantly procyclical fiscal stance during past “boom times” in several countries and, currently, government debt markets in many countries are rather illiquid.
Effects of pioglitazone versus diet and exercise on metabolic health and fat distribution in upper body obesity.

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is associated with visceral adiposity, and interventions that reduce this depot, e.g., diet and exercise, improve insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) also improve insulin action but paradoxically increase total fat mass, perhaps through remodeling (recruitment of smaller fat cells) and redistribution of adipose tissue. We assessed the effects of pioglitazone versus diet and exercise on fat distribution and the relationship between fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in upper body obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-nine upper body obese, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic men and premenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive either 30 mg/day pioglitazone or a diet and exercise program for 20 weeks. Before and after the intervention, insulin sensitivity, body composition, body fat distribution (waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], computed tomography abdomen, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and abdominal and femoral fat cell size were assessed. RESULTS Diet and exercise resulted in an 11.8 +/- 1.1 kg weight loss. Both diet and exercise and pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity, but only the former was associated with loss of intra-abdominal fat. Pioglitazone increased total body fat, which preferentially accumulated in the lower body depot in both men and women. WHRs decreased in both groups. Abdominal fat cell size decreased (P = 0.06) after diet and exercise. No statistically significant changes in fat cell size were observed in pioglitazone-treated volunteers. CONCLUSIONS In nondiabetic upper body obese subjects, increasing insulin sensitivity via diet and exercise accompanies reductions in visceral fat. Pioglitazone treatment also improves insulin sensitivity and lowers WHR, but this is due to a selective increase in lower body fat. This confirms a site-specific responsiveness of adipose tissue to TZD and suggests that improvements in insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone are achieved independent of changes in intra-abdominal fat.
Mechanisms of in vivo muscle fatigue in humans: investigating age‐related fatigue resistance with a computational model

Muscle fatigue can be defined as the transient decrease in maximal force that occurs in response to muscle use. Fatigue develops because of a complex set of changes within the neuromuscular system that are difficult to evaluate simultaneously in humans. The skeletal muscle of older adults fatigues less than that of young adults during static contractions. The potential sources of this difference are multiple and intertwined. To evaluate the individual mechanisms of fatigue, we developed an integrative computational model based on neural, biochemical, morphological and physiological properties of human skeletal muscle. Our results indicate first that the model provides accurate predictions of fatigue and second that the age‐related resistance to fatigue is due largely to a lower reliance on glycolytic metabolism during contraction. This model should prove useful for generating hypotheses for future experimental studies into the mechanisms of muscle fatigue.
On the Visibility of Point Clouds

Is it possible to determine the visible subset of points directly from a given point cloud? Interestingly, it was shown that this is indeed the case - despite the fact that points cannot occlude each other, this task can be performed without surface reconstruction or normal estimation. The operator is very simple - it first transforms the points to a new domain and then constructs the convex hull in that domain. Points that lie on the convex hull of the transformed set of points are the images of the visible points. This operator found numerous applications in computer vision, including face reconstruction, keypoint detection, finding the best viewpoints, reduction of points, and many more. The current paper addresses a fundamental question: What properties should a transformation function satisfy, in order to be utilized in this operator? We show that three such properties are sufficient: the sign of the function, monotonicity, and a condition regarding the function's parameter. The correctness of an algorithm that satisfies these three properties is proved. Finally, we show an interesting application of the operator - assignment of visibility-confidence score. This feature is missing from previous approaches, where a binary yes/no visibility is determined. This score can be utilized in various applications, we illustrate its use in view-dependent curvature estimation.