Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DoF Analysis of the K-user MISO Broadcast Channel with Alternating CSIT

We consider a $K$-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channel (BC) where the channel state information (CSI) of user $i(i=1,2,\ldots,K)$ may be either perfect (P), delayed (D) or not known (N) at the transmitter with probabilities $\lambda_P^i$, $\lambda_D^i$ and $\lambda_N^i$, respectively. In this channel, according to the three possible CSIT for each user, joint CSIT of the $K$ users could have at most $3^K$ realizations. Although the results by Tandon et al. show that the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) region for the two user MISO BC with symmetric marginal probabilities (i.e., $\lambda_Q^i=\lambda_Q \forall i\in \{1,2,\ldots,K\}, Q\in \{P,D,N\}$) depends only on the marginal probabilities, we show that this interesting result does not hold in general when the number of users is more than two. In other words, the DoF region is a function of the \textit{CSIT pattern}, or equivalently, all the joint probabilities. In this paper, given the marginal probabilities of CSIT, we derive an outer bound for the DoF region of the $K$-user MISO BC. Subsequently, the achievability of these outer bounds are considered in certain scenarios. Finally, we show the dependence of the DoF region on the joint probabilities.
Identification of Maximal Affine Term Structure Models

Building on Duffie and Kan (1996) , we propose a new representation of affine models in which the state vector comprises infinitesimal maturity yields and their quadratic covariations. Because these variables possess unambiguous economic interpretations, they generate a representation that is "globally identifiable". Further, this representation has more identifiable parameters than the "maximal" model of Dai and Singleton (2000) . We implement this new representation for select three-factor models and find that model-independent estimates for the state vector can be estimated directly from yield curve data, which present advantages for the estimation and interpretation of multifactor models. Copyright 2008 by The American Finance Association.
Unconventional nanotubes self-assembled in alumina channels: morphology and surface potential of isolated nanostructures at surfaces

Synthetic nanographenes have been self-assembled from solution on the surface of nanometric channels of an alumina membrane template. By controlling the interplay between intermolecular and interfacial interactions, the molecules have been adsorbed either ‘face-on’ or ‘edge-on’ on the pore's surfaces, leading to the formation of columnar stacks in the latter case. Upon thermal treatment at high temperature, the molecular cross-linking of the columns has been triggered, transforming the delicate supramolecular arrangement into robust carbon nanotubes, with the graphitic planes at predetermined orientations with respect to the tube axis. Scanning force microscopy characterization of single nanotubes deposited from suspensions on mica showed that the nanotubes can self-assemble on flat surfaces adopting preferential alignments which reflect the threefold symmetry of the mica substrate. Kelvin probe force microscopy studies revealed that the nanotubes possess a surface potential much smaller than the work function of both graphite and conventional vacuum-processed nanotubes, providing evidence for their more confined electronic structure.
The Effects of Collaborative vs. Individual Work on EFL Written Texts: Aspects of Quality and Engagement

This paper presents a study which analyses the effects of collaborative working in the quality of EFL students’ written text and in EFL students’ engagement when writing texts. This paper compares two sets of short stories written in English in class by fourth year secondary students (ages 15-17) at a public bilingual high school of Madrid, Spain. The present study included a total of 40 participants, 20 of whom worked individually and 20 of whom worked collaboratively in pairs. Participants were first taught some guidelines about how to write a short story. Then, each student/pair was asked to write one short story. A total of 30 short stories were collected (20 written individually and 10 written in pairs). The quality of EFL students’ written text was determined by a quantitative analysis that included organization, fluency, complexity and accuracy. Participants’ engagement when writing texts was determined by a small qualitative study based on observation during data collection. This paper concludes that that collaborative partner work has various positive implications for writing in the EFL classroom, especially in terms of organization, accuracy and EFL student’s engagement when written texts.
Effect of thromboxane and serotonin receptor antagonists on intracoronary platelet deposition in dogs with experimentally stenosed coronary arteries.

We have reported previously that thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) are important mediators of cyclic flow variations (CFVs) in a canine model of coronary artery stenosis and endothelial injury. The present study tested the hypothesis that a TXA2 receptor antagonist is more effective in reducing intracoronary platelet deposition at sites of endothelial injury and severe stenosis than a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. CFVs developed after placing a plastic constrictor around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 51 of 56 dogs. Autologous platelets labeled with 111In were injected in 48 animals. Ten control dogs (group 1A) were killed after CFVs were observed for 1 hour at the nadir of coronary blood flow. Five dogs (group 1B) did not develop CFVs after placement of the constrictor. CFVs were abolished with SQ 28668 (2.75 +/- 0.36 mg/kg, group 2) and SQ 29548 (0.45 +/- 0.1 mg/kg, group 3), two different TXA2 and PGH2 receptor antagonists, in eight of 10 and six of seven dogs, respectively. In eight of 10 dogs (group 4), CFVs were abolished with ketanserin (0.66 +/- 0.12 mg/kg), a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. In group 2, 3, and 4 dogs, the respective drugs were given so that the minimal dose required to abolished CFVs was administered. In six of six dogs (group 5), a higher dose of ketanserin (i.e., 1.5 mg/kg) was used to abolish CFVs. At death, intracoronary platelet deposition was evaluated by calculating the LAD platelet accumulation ratio (111In activity in the LAD/111In activity in the circumflex coronary artery) in 43 dogs and, in 22 dogs, by microscopic examination of the LAD. A marked LAD platelet accumulation ratio was found in group 1A dogs at the stenotic site and in segments immediately distal to it. The LAD platelet accumulation ratio was significantly reduced by both the low and the high doses of ketanserin compared with group 1A dogs (p less than 0.001). However, the two TXA2 receptor antagonists further reduced the LAD platelet accumulation ratio compared with ketanserin-treated animals (p less than 0.01). Microscopic examination confirmed these findings. We conclude that SQ 28668 and SQ 29548, two different TXA2 receptor antagonists, reduce residual intracoronary platelet deposition associated with CFVs in this canine model more effectively than ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.
Probable networks and plausible predictions - a review of practical Bayesian methods for supervised neural networks

Bayesian probability theory provides a unifying framework for data modelling. In this framework the overall aims are to find models that are well-matched to the data, and to use these models to make optimal predictions. Neural network learning is interpreted as an inference of the most probable parameters for the model, given the training data. The search in model space (i.e., the space of architectures, noise models, preprocessings, regularizers and weight decay constants) can then also be treated as an inference problem, in which we infer the relative probability of alternative models, given the data. This review describes practical techniques based on Gaussian approximations for implementation of these powerful methods for controlling, comparing and using adaptive networks.
Mindfulness and spirituality: therapeutic perspectives

ABSTRACT Social aspects that relate to beliefs and spirituality are subjects of the soul and mind, material to be studied out of the materialistic world. They transcend the body and nest in the experiences of the soul. Nonetheless, taught by mindfulness, a practice that stems from eastern spirituality the religious and/or the spiritual are experiences lived through the body. We conducted a pilot cross-sectional study to test the hypothesis that mindfulness correlates with spiritual beliefs. The results provide insight on the potential impact of mindfulness interventions in patients that value spirituality and metacognitive beliefs in the psychotherapeutic process. These preliminary findings provide a potential insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the application of mindfulness in psychotherapy.
EEDF-MAC: An energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Recent advances in wireless technology have brought us closer to the vision of pervasive wireless sensor networks. In sensor networks, the nodes have limited energy resources and the applications generally demand timely delivery of the packets. Therefore, high energy efficiency and reduced latency are of paramount importance. The medium access control layer plays a crucial role in managing the energy spent on communication and keeping the latency in check. In this paper, a real time wireless media access control protocol based on earliest deadline first scheduling scheme is proposed. Unlike its predecessors, this new protocol is applicable to both event-driven and clock-driven nodes with salient features being high energy efficiency and priority based latency. We establish the improved latency performance over carrier sense multiple access protocol, through simulation of wireless sensor network in network simulator-3. Then, we present a mathematical model to obtain the lower bound on the fraction of energy saved by the use of the proposed protocol as opposed to existing protocols. This improvement in latency performance facilitates an increase in cluster size and energy efficient communication ensures increased lifetime of the sensor network, which makes our protocol a promising choice for the future wireless sensor networks.
Motion along the mental number line reveals shared representations for numerosity and space

Perception of number and space are tightly intertwined. It has been proposed that this is due to ‘cortical recycling’, where numerosity processing takes over circuits originally processing space. Do such ‘recycled’ circuits retain their original functionality? Here, we investigate interactions between numerosity and motion direction, two functions that both localize to parietal cortex. We describe a new phenomenon in which visual motion direction adapts nonsymbolic numerosity perception, giving rise to a repulsive aftereffect: motion to the left adapts small numbers, leading to overestimation of numerosity, while motion to the right adapts large numbers, resulting in underestimation. The reference frame of this effect is spatiotopic. Together with the tuning properties of the effect this suggests that motion direction-numerosity cross-adaptation may occur in a homolog of area LIP. ‘Cortical recycling’ thus expands but does not obliterate the functions originally performed by the recycled circuit, allowing for shared computations across domains. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.10806. 001
FFT on XMT: Case Study of a Bandwidth-Intensive Regular Algorithm on a Highly-Parallel Many Core

FFT has been a classic computation engine for numerous applications. The bandwidth-intensive nature of FFT capped its performance on off-the-shelf parallel machines that are bandwidth-limited, and forced application researchers into seeking easier-to-speedup alternatives to FFT, even when inferior to FFT. But, what if effective support of FFT is feasible? Using FFT as an example, we examine the impact that adoption of some enabling technologies, including silicon photonics, would have on the performance of a many-core architecture. The results show that a single-chip many-core processor could potentially outperform a large high-performance computing cluster.
Measuring and Improving Memory ’ s Resistance to Operating System Crashes

Memory is commonly vie wed as an unreliable place to store permanent data because it is perceived to be vulnerable to system crashes. 1 Yet despite all the ne gative implications of memory’ s unreliability, no data e xists that quantifies ho w vulnerable memory actually is to system crashes. The goals of this paper are to quantify the vulnerability of memory to operating system crashes and to propose a method for protecting memory from these crashes. We use software fault injection to induce a wide v ariety of operating system crashes in DEC Alpha w orkstations running Digital Unix, ranging from bit errors in the k ernel stack to deleting branch instructions to C-level allocation management errors. W e show that memory is remarkably resistant to operating system crashes. Out of the 996 crashes we observ ed, only 17 corrupted file cache data. Excluding direct corruption from copy overruns, only 2 out of 820 corrupted file cache data. This data contradicts the common assumption that operating system crashes often corrupt files in memory . For users who need e v n greater protection against operating system crashes, we propose a simple, lo w-overhead software scheme that controls access to file cache b uffers using virtual memory protection and code patching.
Differential Intrahepatic Phospholipid Zonation in Simple Steatosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs frequently in a setting of obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, but the etiology of the disease, particularly the events favoring progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as opposed to simple steatosis (SS), are not fully understood. Based on known zonation patterns in protein, glucose and lipid metabolism, coupled with evidence that phosphatidylcholine may play a role in NASH pathogenesis, we hypothesized that phospholipid zonation exists in liver and that specific phospholipid abundance and distribution may be associated with histologic disease. A survey of normal hepatic protein expression profiles in the Human Protein Atlas revealed pronounced zonation of enzymes involved in lipid utilization and storage, particularly those facilitating phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism. Immunohistochemistry of obese normal, SS and NASH liver specimens with anti-phosphatidylethanomine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) antibodies showed a progressive decrease in the zonal distribution of this PC biosynthetic enzyme. Phospholipid quantitation by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in hepatic extracts of Class III obese patients with increasing NAFLD severity revealed that most PC species with 32, 34 and 36 carbons as well as total PC abundance was decreased with SS and NASH. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) imaging revealed strong zonal distributions for 32, 34 and 36 carbon PCs in controls (minimal histologic findings) and SS that was lost in NASH specimens. Specific lipid species such as PC 34∶1 and PC 36∶2 best illustrated this phenomenon. These findings suggest that phospholipid zonation may be associated with the presence of an intrahepatic proinflammatory phenotype and thus have broad implications in the etiopathogenesis of NASH.
Screen level temperature increase due to higher atmospheric carbon dioxide in calm and windy nights revisited

[1] Long-term surface observations over land have shown temperature increases during the last century, especially during nighttime. Observations analyzed by Parker (2004) show similar long-term trends for calm and windy conditions at night, and on basis of this it was suggested that the possible effect of urban heat effects on long-term temperature trends are small. On the other hand, a simplified analytic model study by Pielke and Matsui (2005) (hereinafter referred to as PM05) suggests that at night the resultant long-term temperature trends over land should depend on height and strongly on wind speed (mostly due to alterations in the rate of nocturnal cooling in the stable boundary layer (SBL)). In this paper we expand the PM05 study by using a validated atmospheric boundary layer model with elaborated atmospheric physics compared to PM05, in order to explore the response of the SBL over land to a change in radiative forcing. We find that the screen level temperature response is surprisingly constant for a rather broad range of both geostrophic wind speed (5–15 m s−1) and 10 m wind (2–4.0 m s−1). This is mostly due to land surface-vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks taken into account in the present study which were not considered by PM05.
Modified radix-2 Montgomery modular multiplication to make it faster and simpler

Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm is commonly used in implementations of the RSA cryptosystem or other cryptosystems based on modular arithmetic. There are several improvements for making it suitable for hardware implementation. Radix-2 version of this algorithm is simple and fast to implement in hardware design. In this paper a new algorithm based on this approach is presented that is more simple and faster than radix-2 algorithm. For implementing this new algorithm, carry save adder (CSA) architecture is used and synthesized in both ASIC and FPGA technology.
Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate markers

To the Editors: The letter by Rosias et al. 1 highlights that individual biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) require specific methods for optimal collection. Denominators need to be determined (such as time, total breath collection, protein, electrolytes, conductivity or other more stable markers) and, critically, researchers should consider collecting whole or global EBC, which may enhance reproducibility. To determine the reproducibility of simple ions and more complex molecules, such as proteins and eicosanoids in different disease categories, we used the EcoScreen® (Erich Jaeger GmbH, Hochberg, Germany) to study the within-day variability of EBC biomarkers from 11 subjects with asbestosis, 14 with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and 22 healthy normal subjects (tables 1⇓ and 2⇓). View this table: Table 1— Demographics of normal controls and patients with asbestosis and pulmonary fibrosis View this table: Table 2— Within-day variability of exhaled breath condensate Two EBC samples, obtained over exactly 10 min, were collected on the same …
Follicular growth in vitro: detection of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) during in vitro culture of ovine cortical slices

Primordial follicles from different mammal species can survive and enter the growth phase in vitro but do not develop beyond the primary stage. The hypothesis was that, in sheep, in vitro follicular growth is arrested because of a lack of secretion of GDF9 and/or BMP15. Cortical slices of 0.3–0.5 mm thickness issued from 5‐ to 6‐month‐old lambs were cultured for 15 days. The pieces were fixed on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 15 of culture. Follicle morphology, RT‐PCR exploration of GDF9 and BMP15 mRNA, immunohistochemical location of their proteins and their receptor BMPRIB and BMPRII were assessed at different time of culture. The mean percentage of primordial follicles decreased from 58.6% (day 0) to 13.4% (day 15) (P < 0.01), whereas that of primary follicles increased from 3.2% (day 0) to 31.5% on day 4 (P < 0.01), then remained stable until day 15 (35.6%). The percentage of atretic follicles increased from 14.7% (day 0) to 27.1% (day 15) (P < 0.05). A few secondary follicles were observed on days 4 and 10, representing 1.0%, and 2.1% of the total number of follicles. GDF9 and BMP15 mRNAs were detected from harvesting (day 0) up to day 15 following culture. At the same time, positive immunoreactions for GDF9, BMP15 and for BMPRIB and BMPRII were also found in oocyte cytoplasm. In conclusion, expression of GDF9, BMP15 and their receptors BMPRIB and BMPRII are detected during in vitro culture of ovine cortical slices. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 767–774, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Where does ESP needs analysis stand in relation to register and genre analyses

L'etude compare trois techniques utilisees dans la specification des besoins dans l'apprentissage de l'anglais de specialite. Ces trois techniques sont l'analyse des besoins, l'analyse de registre et l'analyse de genre. L'etude explicite clairement l'application de l'analyse des besoins dans le recueil des donnees et discute les caracteristiques des deux autres types d'analyse
Intellectual Disability and Suicide Risk: An Exploratory Discussion

Suicide risk, ideation, and behavior in adults with intellectual disability are explored from a suicide prevention perspective. Growing research literature on suicidality in adults with mild intellectual disability is reviewed. Chronic suicidality and contingent suicide threats are introduced to aid in understanding suicidal behavior within this population who may have no intent to die. Recommendations are provided for suicide prevention efforts specifically for those within this at-risk population. Areas for further research are identified. Keywords : Intellectual Disability, prevention, suicide, theories
The Levenberg-Marquardt Iteration for Numerical Inversion of the Power Density Operator

In this paper we develop a convergence analysis in an infinite dimensional setting of the Levenberg-Marquardt iteration for the solution of a hybrid conductivity imaging problem. The problem consists in determining the spatially varying conductivity $\sigma$ from a series of measurements of power densities for various voltage inductions. Although this problem has been very well studied in the literature, convergence and regularizing properties of iterative algorithms in an infinite dimensional setting are still rudimentary. We provide a partial result under the assumptions that the derivative of the operator, mapping conductivities to power densities, is injective and the data is noise-free. Moreover, we implemented the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and tested it on simulated data.