Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Critical Thinking Attitude and Cognitive Learning Styles in Predicting Academic Achievement of Medical University’s Students

Introduction: Improving students' critical thinking skills is clearly important in the context of growing human knowledge. The main goal of this research was to measure the contribution of critical thinking attitudes and learning cognitive styles in predicting the students’ academic achievement variance in Isfahan medical university. Methods: In this descriptive correlation study, population consisted of university students in the 2010-2011 academic years. A randomly stratified (according to sex and school) sample of 180 students was selected. Data collected using California questionnaire on Critical Thinking attitudes and Kolb’s Learning Styles inventory. Also students’ Grand Point Averages (GPA) were reported. Results: Critical thinking scores (beta coefficient=.132) and the reflective observation (beta coefficient=.136) could predict 5% of the variance of academic achievement (GPA). There was also a positive correlation between academic achievement and active experimentation. The mean scores of academic achievement as well as mean scores of critical thinking attitudes were significantly different according to the learning styles; convergers had the highest GPA and the highest critical thinking attitudes. Critical thinking attitude and reflective observation had a negative correlation (P<.01), while abstract conceptualization showed a positive correlation with critical thinking attitudes (P<.01). Conclusion: The role of critical thinking attitudes and cognitive learning styles in the academic achievement is inevitable. Faculty members are recommended to apply new approaches and procedures to respect different ways of learning and cognitive needs of the students and cultivate their critical thinking skills.
Unintentional Injuries and Violence among Adults in Northern Jordan: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Injuries (unintentional and intentional) are the main cause of death and disability worldwide, including Jordan. The main purpose of this hospital-based retrospective study was to identify characteristics, causes, and risk factors of unintentional injuries and violence among all adult patients who approached the Accidents and Emergency department because of injury in Northern Jordan. Data were collected retrospectively from four major hospitals from January 2008 to January 2013. A total of 2425 Jordanian individuals who accessed and were treated by the four hospitals were included in this study. The findings show that the majority of patients who approached the Accidents and Emergency departments in the four hospitals were males (n = 2044, 87.16%) versus females (n = 301, 12.8%). Violence was the most common reason of injury (70.66%), followed by road traffic crashes (23.21%). The most common anatomical locations of reported injuries were the head (38.74%), followed by abdomen/pelvis and lower back, among males and females (9.93%). Violence had a high significant effect on the site of injuries. Patients who had been injured to the head because of a stab wound or fighting were substantially over-involved in head injuries, with injury rates 3.88 and 7.51 times higher than those who had been injured to the head due to gunshot, respectively. Even patients who had been injured to the head because of assault show much higher involvement in injury risk than non-assault patients (Odds Ratio = 8.46). These findings highlight the need for a large national study to confirm the findings. It also draws attention to the importance of public awareness and to special injury prevention programs that not only focus on saving lives and lessening the number of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities, but also to limit the social and economic burden of injury among adults in Northern Jordan.
Ethnic Identity Search and Commitment in Black and White Eighth Graders

In order to investigate the beginnings of ethnic identity formation, openended interviews on ethnic issues were carried out with 48 Black and White middle-class eighth graders from an integrated junior high school. Interviews focused on questions assumed from the literature to be indicative of ethnic identity search and commitment. Over a third of the subjects had engaged in ethnic identity search, as indicated by their having thought about and discussed the implications of their ethnic groups membership. Black females were particularly high in ethnic identity search. In discussing the issues of ethnicity, Black subjects generally focused on their own group, while Whites were more likely to address relations with other groups. Both groups recognized the existence of prejudice as a potential problem for Blacks. The findings are discussed in terms of minority versus majority status in the culture.
A New Magnetic-Planetary-Geared Permanent Magnet Brushless Machine for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

This paper proposes a new magnetic-planetary-geared permanent magnet brushless (MPG-PMBL) machine for hybrid electric vehicles . The key is to integrate a magnetic planetary gear into permanent magnet brushless machine. Thus, the resulting machine can achieve both power split and mixing flexibly, and therefore, can obtain ultralow emission and high fuel efficiency at different operational modes. Moreover, by incorporating the concept of non-contact transmission mechanisms of magnetic gear, the proposed machine possesses the merits of small size, light weight, reliability, reduced maintenance and inherent overload protection. The machine topology and operation principle are presented. By using the finite element method, the electromagnetic performances are analyzed. Finally, multi-operational modes, efficiency and loss of the machine are simulated to evaluate the proposed system.
Whole-Brain Mapping of the Inputs and Outputs of the Medial Part of the Olfactory Tubercle

The medial part of the olfactory tubercle (OT) is a brain structure located at the interface of the reward and olfactory system. It is closely related to pheromone-rewards, natural reinforcement, addiction and many other behaviors. However, the structure of the anatomic circuitry of the medial part of the OT is still unclear. In the present study, the medial part of the OT was found to be highly connected with a wide range of brain areas with the help of the pseudorabies virus tracing tool. In order to further investigate the detailed connections for specific neurons, another tracing tool – rabies virus was utilized for D1R-cre and D2R-cre mice. The D1R and D2R neurons in the medial part of the OT were both preferentially innervated by the olfactory areas, especially the piriform cortex, and both had similar direct input patterns. With the help of the adeno-associated virus labeling, it was found that the two subpopulations of neurons primarily innervate with the reward related brain regions, with slightly less axons projecting to the olfactory areas. Thus, the whole-brain input and output circuitry structures for specific types of neurons in the medial part of the OT were systematically investigated, and the results revealed many unique connecting features. This work could provide new insights for further study into the physiological functions of the medial part of the OT.
Immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of regulated pathway for calcitonin and constitutive pathway for carcinoembryonic antigen in the same cells of human medullary carcinomas of thyroid glands.

The human medullary carcinomas are well known to secrete calcitonin (CT) as a neuroendocrine peptide and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a serum protein that is integrated into the cell membrane. This ultrastructural study is designed to elucidate whether CT and CEA are secreted via two different intracellular secretory pathways, a regulated pathway and a constitutive pathway. The immunoelectron microscopic postembedding method, performed on four cases of the human medullary carcinomas of the thyroid using plastic embedding material, disclosed two distinct different localization patterns for CT and CEA. CT was localized exclusively in dense cored secretory granules. CEA was present in the cell membrane and in the secretory vesicles. The secretory granules were completely negative for CEA. The trans-Golgi networks were also positive for CT and CEA. Electron microscopic double staining confirmed these localization in the same carcinoma cells. These observations suggest the presence of two distinct pathways in the endocrine cancer cells, i.e., the regulated pathway for CT and the constitutive pathway for CEA.
Neuronal Hypoxia Induces Hsp40-Mediated Nuclear Import of Type 3 Deiodinase As an Adaptive Mechanism to Reduce Cellular Metabolism

In neurons, the type 3 deiodinase (D3) inactivates thyroid hormone and reduces oxygen consumption, thus creating a state of cell-specific hypothyroidism. Here we show that hypoxia leads to nuclear import of D3 in neurons, without which thyroid hormone signaling and metabolism cannot be reduced. After unilateral hypoxia in the rat brain, D3 protein level is increased predominantly in the nucleus of the neurons in the pyramidal and granular ipsilateral layers, as well as in the hilus of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. In hippocampal neurons in culture as well as in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-AS), a 24 h hypoxia period redirects active D3 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus via the cochaperone Hsp40 pathway. Preventing nuclear D3 import by Hsp40 knockdown resulted an almost doubling in the thyroid hormone-dependent glycolytic rate and quadrupling the transcription of thyroid hormone target gene ENPP2. In contrast, Hsp40 overexpression increased nuclear import of D3 and minimized thyroid hormone effects in cell metabolism. In conclusion, ischemia/hypoxia induces an Hsp40-mediated translocation of D3 to the nucleus, facilitating thyroid hormone inactivation proximal to the thyroid hormone receptors. This adaptation decreases thyroid hormone signaling and may function to reduce ischemia-induced hypoxic brain damage.
For Better, for Worse: Life Satisfaction Consequences of Migration 1

This study explores the extension of microeconomic and migrant network theoretical frameworks for explaining perceived post-migration life satisfaction of repeat (temporary) and more permanent labor force internal migrants in Thailand. Data from the 1992 National Migration Survey were used in logistic regression models to predict increased versus decreased post-move satisfaction with employment situation, living environment, and community facilities. Contrary to the neoclassical migration theory assumption, results showed that migration was associated with decreased post-move satisfaction. Microeconomic theory indicators were related to increased employment satisfaction but decreased post-move satisfaction with living environment. For network theory indicators, the results showed the opposite pattern - related to improved living environment satisfaction but decreased employment post-move satisfaction. Repeat (temporary) migrants were disadvantaged in post-move employment satisfaction compared to more permanent single move labor force migrants.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Full Garbage Collection in Memory-hungry Environments

Garbage collection (GC), especially full GC, would non- trivially impact overall application performance, especially for those memory-hungry ones handling large data sets. This paper presents an in-depth performance analysis on the full GC performance of Parallel Scavenge (PS), a state-of-the-art and the default garbage collector in the HotSpot JVM, using traditional and big-data applications running atop JVM on CPU (e.g., Intel Xeon) and many-integrated cores (e.g., Intel Xeon i). The analysis uncovers that unnecessary memory accesses and calculations during reference updating in the compaction ase are the main causes of lengthy full GC. To this end, this paper describes an incremental query model for reference calculation, which is further embodied with three schemes (namely optimistic, sort-based and region-based) for different query patterns. Performance evaluation shows that the incremental query model leads to averagely 1.9X (up to 2.9X) in full GC and 19.3% (up to 57.2%) improvement in application throughput, as well as 31.2% reduction in pause time over the vanilla PS collector on CPU, and the numbers are 2.1X (up to 3.4X), 11.1% (up to 41.2%) and 34.9% for Xeon i accordingly.
Orexin, orexin receptor antagonists and central cardiovascular control

Orexin makes an important contribution to the regulation of cardiovascular function. When injected centrally under anesthesia, orexin increases blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity. This is consistent with the location of orexin neurons in the hypothalamus and the distribution of orexin terminals in the central autonomic network. Thus, the two orexin receptors, Ox1R and Ox2R, which have partly overlapping distributions in the brain, are expressed in the sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) of the thoracic cord as well as in regions such as the pressor area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Both Ox1R and Ox2R appear to contribute to the cardiovascular effects of orexin, although Ox1R is probably more important. Blockade of orexin receptors reduces the cardiovascular response to certain stressors, especially psychogenic stressors such as novelty, aggressive conspecifics and induced panic. Blockade of orexin receptors also reduces basal blood pressure and heart rate in spontaneous hypertensive rats, a model of essential hypertension. Thus, there is a link between psychogenic stress, orexin and elevated blood pressure. The use of dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) and selective orexin receptor antagonists (SORAs) may be beneficial in the treatment of certain forms of hypertension.
Predicting the Intention to Re-Use on Accounting Application Software (The Case of Accurate™ Application Software Users in Indonesia)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of perceived of enjoyment, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and computer anxiety toward intention to reuse Accurate™ accounting software. The design of this research is causal explanatory research. Data was collected using a questionnaire given directly to respondents. The population of this research are all of people that has used Accurate™ accounting software. We used targeted purposive sampling to collect 100 samples. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS software. The results showed that the variables that directly effect the intention to re-use of Accurate™ software is perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. In addition, perceived of enjoyment and computer anxiety have been proved to have no significant effect toward the intention to reuse Accurate™ accounting software.
A Social Neuroscientific Model of Vocational Behavior

In this article, the separate literatures of a neurobiologically based approach system and vocational interests are reviewed and integrated into a social neuroscientific model of the processes underlying interests, based upon the idea of selective approach motivation. The authors propose that vocational interests describe the types of stimuli that activate the approach system for a particular individual and provide empirical evidence for this model by relating measures associated with approach motivation with measures of vocational interests. The results support the hypothesis that vocational interests are shaped by distinct facets of the approach system.
OPTIMAL TIMING FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COLORECTAL LIVER METASTASES

Metachronous CRCLM should be evaluated by multidisciplinary oncologic consilium. Diagnostic evaluation must be completed by dinamic CT or MR of the liver. In the case of a small number of metastases, operation could be performed immediately. In such cases, neoadjuvant therapy could be recomended because of decreasing recurrence rates, slight increase of the overall survival rate and to evaluate malignant potential. Neoadjuvant therapy is mandatory in cases with >4 metastases and potentialy resectable metastases, due to possibility to convert 25% of them to secondary resectable category. In the case of incidentaly discovered metastases (during the primary colorectal operation), the removal of primary tumor should not be abandoned. Biopsy of metastatic lesion is not recomended. Complications of CRC should be treated by palliative procedures /stoma, palliative resection, interventional endoscopy or radiology) followed by consiliary multidisciplinary teratment and liver surgery in the second operative act. Asymptomatic T 1,2, N 0,1 primary tumors of the right colon could be treated by simultaneous major liver resection. Left colonic and rectal resection could be safe combined with minor liver resection (up to 2 liver segments). In the cases of T 3,4, N 1,2 CRC with synchronous liver metastases neoadjuvant therapy is mandatory, as in the cases of multiple (>4) metastases. Reverse strategy could be effective in these cases. Acta Medica Medianae 2015;54(1): 87-96.
The Socially Constructed Body Insights From Feminist Theory 1

Judith Lorber is Professor Emerita of Sociology and Women’s Studies at Brooklyn College and the Graduate School, City University of New York. She is the author of Breaking the Bowls: Degendering and Feminist Change (2005), Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics (3rd edition, 2005), Paradoxes of Gender (1994), and Women Physicians: Careers, Status and Power (1984). With Lisa Jean Moore, she is the coauthor of Gendered Bodies: Feminist Perspectives (2007) and Gender and the Social Construction of Illness (2nd edition, 2002). She is coeditor of Handbook of Gender and Women’s Studies (2006, with Kathy Davis and Mary Evans), Revisioning Gender (1999, with Myra Marx Ferree and Beth B. Hess) and The Social Construction of Gender (1991, with Susan A. Farrell). She is the Founding Editor of Gender & Society, the official publication of Sociologists for Women in Society.
Spanish Consensus Guidelines on prophylaxis with bypassing agents in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors

Summary Prophylaxis with the blood clotting factor, factor VIII (FVIII) is ineffective for individuals with haemophilia A and high-titre inhibitors to FVIII. Prophylaxis with the FVIII bypassing agents activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC; FEIBA® Baxalta) or recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa; Novo-Seven®, Novo Nordisk) may be an effective alternative. It was our aim to develop evidence -and expert opinion- based guidelines for prophylactic therapy for patients with high-titre inhibitors to FVIII. A panel of nine Spanish haematologists undertook a systematic review of the literature to develop consensusbased guidance. Particular consideration was given to prophylaxis in patients prior to undergoing immune tolerance induction (ITI) (a process of continued exposure to FVIII that can restore sensitivity for some patients), during the ITI period and for those not undergoing ITI or for whom ITI had failed. These guidelines offer guidance for clinicians in deciding which patients might benefit from prophylaxis with FVIII bypassing agents, the most appropriate agents in various clinical settings related to ITI, doses and dosing regimens and how best to monitor the efficacy of prophylaxis. The paper includes recommendations on when to interrupt or stop prophylaxis and special safety concerns during prophylaxis. These consensus guidelines offer the most comprehensive evaluation of the clinical evidence base to date and should be of considerable benefit to clinicians facing the challenge of managing patients with severe haemophilia A with high-titre FVIII inhibitors.
A Comparative Study on Staining Techniques for Vaginal Exfoliative Cytology of Rat

Female rodents are polyestrous, spontaneous ovulators with regular and successive estrous cycles that may vary with age and species. The estrous cycles are also influenced by light, seasons of the year and other environmental factors. Similar to other regularly cycling animals, the changes in ovaries, uterus and the vagina during different phases of estrus cycle [1] occur in rats too within the short cycle length of 4-5 days. The short length of the estrous cycle of rats makes them ideal for investigation of changes occurring during the reproductive cycle [2]. The orchestra of various hormones such as estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone which is a reflection of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis functional status influence the cyclicity of the estrous cycle. Any changes in these hormones normal wave pattern will reflect on the vaginal cell pattern which can be easily identified by observing the daily vaginal exfoliative cytology. Among the various methods by which reproductive status of female rats can be assessed, vaginal cytology is known to be a non-invasive, simple and inexpensive technique utilized for the determination of estrus cycle stages. Evaluation of vaginal cytology under microscope has long been used to record the stages of estrous cycle in the laboratory animals.
Traditional Attitude of Parents and its Impact on Female Educational Attainment in Rural Hafizabad, Pakistan

3 Abstract: Female education plays an important role in the societal progress and improvement. The literacy rate among rural females is 29% in Pakistan. In the developing countries like Pakistan, the traditional attitude towards women education is painstaking a keyobstacle in girls' schooling. In this study an effort had been made to explore the effect of traditional attitude on the educational attainment of rural females in Pakistan. The present study was conducted in the rural areas of the district Hafizabad. A sample of size 700 female children was selected using multistage random sampling technique. The final completed school grade was considered as the response variable. The analysis revealed that the girls, who belonged to households where the minds of the heads of the households were entrenched in the local cultural values, had lower levels of educational attainment as compared to the girls of households where the heads of the households were liberal. The study realizes the need to encourage the male heads of the households for schooling of their daughters as a short-run policy. Efforts to neutralize an innovative attitude towards females in the third world nations are the need of the hour. International Organizations and States of the Developing World should manage to promulgate the importance of female education.
When the Levee Breaks: Black Migration and Economic Development in the American South

In the American South, post-bellum economic stagnation has been partially attributed to white landowners' access to low-wage black labor; indeed, Southern economic convergence from 1940 to 1970 was associated with substantial black out-migration. This paper examines the impact of the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 on agricultural development. Flooded counties experienced an immediate and persistent out-migration of black population. Over time, landowners in flooded counties dramatically mechanized and modernized agricultural production relative to landowners in nearby similar non-flooded counties. Landowners resisted black out-migration, however, benefiting from the status quo system of labor-intensive agricultural production.