Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Notion of V-r-Invexity in Differentiable Multiobjective Programming

Abstract In this paper, a generalization of convexity, namely V-r-invexity, is considered in the case of nonlinear multiobjective programming problems where the functions involved are differentiable. The assumptions on Pareto solutions are relaxed by means of V-r-invex functions. Also some duality results are obtained for such optimization problems.
The Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety Levels of Iranian Women on the First Postpartum Day

Background Anxiety disorder is common during the postpartum period. Back massage relaxation techniques are one of the most important nonpharmacological interventions to prevent and control postpartum-related anxiety. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of slow-stroke back massage on the anxiety levels of primiparous mothers in the first days after delivery. Materials and Methods This single-blind controlled clinical trial consisted of 100 primiparous mothers with normal deliveries. The mothers were randomly allocated to interventional (n = 50) or control (n = 50) groups using binary blocks. Both groups were followed up just before, immediately after, and the morning after the intervention. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Spielberger’s state anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire. Results The mean age of the mothers was 22 years. There were no significant between-group differences in age (P = 0.333), education (P = 0.427), and medication during labor and the postpartum period (P = 0.412). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean anxiety scores of the experimental (6.66 ± 35.48) and control groups (9.05 ± 37.42) before the intervention (P = 0.268). Immediately after the massage and the next morning, there was a significant between-group difference in the anxiety scores (P < 0.001). Conclusions The findings demonstrate that slow-stroke back massage is a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and effective method to reduce the anxiety levels of primiparous women during the first postpartum day.
Family Religiosity, Parental Monitoring, and Emerging Adults’ Sexual Behavior

The processes through which families play a role in the religious and sexual socialization of children are varied and complex. Few studies have considered the impact of parental or family religiosity on young people’s sexual behaviors, either directly or through influence on adolescents’ own religiosity. This study of college students at a large, public university in the mid-Atlantic uses multidimensional measures to examine the relationships among family religiosity, parental monitoring during adolescence, students’ religiosity, and students’ specific sexual behaviors. Results suggest that greater family religiosity is associated with a decreased likelihood of engaging in certain sex acts, but for students who do engage, family religiosity is not associated with any differences in the timing of sexual onset or in the numbers of partners with whom students engaged. Results also suggest that parental monitoring may mediate the relationship between family religiosity and some sexual risk behavior. Greater individual religiosity is associated with a lower likelihood of having engaged in any sexual activity, and a higher likelihood of condom use for students who have had vaginal sex. This study offers valuable insights into the role that religiosity, at both the family and the individual level, plays in college students’ sexual behavior.
A nonimmunosuppressive helper virus allows high efficiency induction of B cell lymphomas by reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T

We have documented the effect of two nondefective helper viruses, reticuloendotheliosis virus A (REV-A) and chick syncytial virus (CSV) infection on bursal tissue. REV-A infection results in bursal atrophy, destroying both its structural and functional integrity. In contrast, the bursae in CSV-infected chicks, while reduced slightly in size, appear both structurally and functionally normal. REV-A-induced bursal atrophy is not a result of viral replication in the B-lymphocyte as (a) both viruses are capable of inducing, with equal efficiency, the formation of preneoplastic lesions containing proliferating B lymphocytes and (b) it appears that equivalent amounts of viral antigen are expressed in the bursae of chicks infected with either virus. We have examined the phenotype of tumors induced by the replication- defective virus REV-T when replicated by the two different helper viruses, REV-A and CSV. In REV-T(REV-A)-infected chicks, the majority of tumors that develop are negative for IgM expression. In contrast, the majority of tumors induced by REV-T(CSV) infection are IgM+. This finding is confirmed by recovery of IgM- cell lines from REV-T(REV-A)- infected chicks and IgM+ cell lines from REV-T(CSV)-infected chicks. In addition, repopulation studies show that bursal-derived cells that are IgM+ serve as target cells for REV-T(CSV)-induced lymphomas. This study demonstrates, therefore, that REV-T can induce IgM+, B cell lymphomas with high efficiency. We conclude that infections by the helper viruses, REV-A and CSV, differ dramatically in their effects on the composition of the population of cells that serve as targets for REV-T- induced neoplasia.
First Trimester Phthalate Exposure and Infant Birth Weight in the Infant Development and Environment Study

Phthalate exposure is widespread among pregnant women but whether it is related to fetal growth and birth weight remains to be determined. We examined whether first trimester prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with birth weight in a pregnancy cohort study. We recruited first trimester pregnant women from 2010–2012 from four centers and analyzed mother/infant dyads who had complete urinary phthalate and birth record data (N = 753). We conducted multiple linear regression to examine if prenatal log specific gravity adjusted urinary phthalate exposure was related to birthweight in term and preterm (≤37 weeks) infants, stratified by sex. We observed a significant association between mono carboxy-isononyl phthalate (MCOP) exposure and increased birthweight in term males, 0.13 kg (95% CI 0.03, 0.23). In preterm infants, we observed a 0.49 kg (95% CI 0.09, 0.89) increase in birthweight in relation to a one log unit change in the sum of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolite concentrations in females (N = 33). In summary, we observed few associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and birthweight. Positive associations may be attributable to unresolved confounding in term infants and limited sample size in preterm infants.
Modeling non-normality using multivariate t: implications for asset pricing

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to show that multivariate Design/methodology/approach - The EM algorithm is applied to solve the statistical estimation problem almost analytically, and the asymptotic theory is provided for inference. Findings - The authors find that the multivariate normality assumption is almost always rejected by real stock return data, while the multivariate Practical implications - The results provide improved estimates of cost of capital and asset moment parameters that are useful for corporate project evaluation and portfolio management. Originality/value - The authors proposed new procedures that makes it easy to use a multivariate
The histone H3K36 demethylase Rph1/KDM4 regulates the expression of the photoreactivation gene PHR1

The dynamics of histone methylation have emerged as an important issue since the identification of histone demethylases. We studied the regulatory function of Rph1/KDM4 (lysine demethylase), a histone H3K36 demethylase, on transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of Rph1 reduced the expression of PHR1 and increased UV sensitivity. The catalytically deficient mutant (H235A) of Rph1 diminished the repressive transcriptional effect on PHR1 expression, which indicates that histone demethylase activity contributes to transcriptional repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that Rph1 was associated at the upstream repression sequence of PHR1 through zinc-finger domains and was dissociated after UV irradiation. Notably, overexpression of Rph1 and H3K36A mutant reduced histone acetylation at the URS, which implies a crosstalk between histone demethylation and acetylation at the PHR1 promoter. In addition, the crucial checkpoint protein Rad53 acted as an upstream regulator of Rph1 and dominated the phosphorylation of Rph1 that was required for efficient PHR1 expression and the dissociation of Rph1. The release of Rph1 from chromatin also required the phosphorylation at S652. Our study demonstrates that the histone demethylase Rph1 is associated with a specific chromatin locus and modulates histone modifications to repress a DNA damage responsive gene under control of damage checkpoint signaling.
Smoothing Arc Splines Using Cubic Bézier Spiral Transitions

Arc splines are planar, tangent continuous, piecewise curves made of circular arcs and straight line segments. They are important in manufacturing industries because of their use in the cutting paths for numerically controlled cutting machinery, highway route and robot paths. This paper considers how to smooth three kinds of G biarc models: the C-, S-, and J-shaped, by replacing their parts by a single G cubic Bézier function. All kinds of transition curves have just one inflection point in their curvature. Use of a single curve rather than two functions has the benefit because designers and implementers have fewer entities to be concerned.
Amyloid suppresses induction of genes critical for memory consolidation in APP + PS1 transgenic mice

Mice transgenic for mutated forms of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) plus presenilin‐1 (PS1) genes (APP + PS1 mice) gradually develop memory deficits which correlate with the extent of amyloid deposition. The expression of several immediate‐early genes (IEGs: Arc, Nur77 and Zif268) and several other plasticity‐related genes (GluR1, CaMKIIα and Na‐K‐ ATPase αIII) critical for learning and memory was normal in young APP + PS1 mice preceding amyloid deposition, but declined as mice grew older and amyloid deposits accumulated. Gene repression was less in APP + PS1 mouse brain regions that contain less Aβ and in APP mice compared with APP + PS1 mice, further linking the extent of amyloid deposition and the extent of gene repression. Critically, we demonstrated that amyloid deposition led specifically to impaired induction of the IEGs with no effects on basal expression using exposure to a novel environment 30 min prior to being killed to induce IEGs. These data imply that Aβ deposition can selectively reduce expression of multiple genes linked to synaptic plasticity, and provide a molecular basis for memory deficiencies found in transgenic APP mice and, most likely, in early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presumably, pharmacological agents blocking the Aβ‐related inhibition of gene expression will have benefit in AD.
Cultural protection against traumatic stress: traditional support of children exposed to the ritual of female genital cutting

This study explores the factors addressed in folk psychology in The Gambia for protecting the girl-child from the potential traumatic stress of female genital cutting (FGC). The type and quality of the psychological care was analyzed and compared with research on traumatic stress and principles for crisis and trauma intervention. Thirty-three qualitative indepth interviews were conducted with mothers who had supervised their daughters’ FGC, women who had been circumcised, and professional circumcisers. The findings indicate that the girls have largely managed to handle the potentially traumatic event of FGC. The event is placed in a meaningful system of understanding, and the stress is dealt with in a traditional way that to a great extent follows empirically-based and evidence-based principles of crisis intervention. However, the approach tends to be culturally encoded, based on the local cultural belief system. This puts circumcised individuals in a potentially vulnerable position if they are living outside the homeland’s supportive cultural context, with consequences for psychological and culturally competent FGC health care in exile.
Exercise, food intake and body weight in normal rats and genetically obese adult mice.

I T IS GENERALLY assumed that the relationship of food intake to exercise is one of direct proportionality above the basal level corresponding to inactivity. It is the purpose of the first part of this article to show that such a concept is an oversimplification at variance with the facts. Similarly, it is usually assumed that following exercise an obese animal or person will increase food intake in direct proportion, whatever the intake prior to exercise or the energy expended in exercise. It has been shown (I) that in the hereditary obese hyperglycemic syndrome (2, 3), a decrease in voluntary activity (to less than 2 % of the normal in adult animals) is an essential aspect of the etiology of the obesity; this lack of activity was shown to precede the development of the obesity and is not simply a result of the overweight (I). When obese mice also carry the waltzing gene and are in nearly constant rotary movement in their cages, their weight rarely exceeds 40 gm instead of twice that value. In another report (4) it has been demonstrated that mice made obese by goldthioglucose injection (2) will lose weight if given the opportunity to practice unrestricted exercise. It is the purpose of the second part of this paper to show that the development of hereditary obesity in mice can be considerably slowed down by forcing these animals to exercise.
The Prediction of Criminal Recidivism Using Routinely Available File Information

Objective. The aim of the present study was to cross-validate the investigation of Buchanan and Leese (2006) into the prediction of criminal recidivism. Method. The sample comprised offenders in the criminal justice system of the Canton of Zurich – Switzerland, who were discharged to the community. Participants were followed, and evidence of subsequent charges and convictions for both general and serious recidivism was investigated at fixed periods of 2.5, 6.5, and 10.5 years. The predictive validity of socio-demographic, criminal history, and legal class information was assessed using logistic regression as well as log-likelihood, receiver operating characteristic curve, and contingency analyses. Results. A multivariable model including age and criminal history information was found to produce the highest rates of predictive validity for general and serious recidivism. Conclusion. Information regularly accessible in forensic practice may be able to guide clinicians as to the recidivism risk level of their patients.
Comparison of Academic Misconduct across Disciplines – Faculty and Student Perspectives

Academic misconduct by students in higher education is a fact and is a challenge to the integrity of higher education and its reputation. Furthermore such misconduct is counterproductive to the ethics component of higher education. The purpose of this research is to explore, investigate and compile the anecdotal accounts of academic misconduct conducted by students in classes in higher education across disciplines. This research is a result of the combined efforts of faculty members representing the disciplines of humanities, arts, social sciences, business, languages, music, and various engineering fields. The goal is to bring to light the various methods and strategies that students use to cheat during exams, quizzes, term papers, etc. As a collaborative effort, the authors also investigate techniques faculty can use to prevent academic misconduct in both face-to-face and virtual classrooms. Student viewpoints are also presented as part of this study and are collected through an anonymous survey. Students get a chance to reveal what motivates them to cheat in exams, quizzes and other assessments. They also indicate some of the techniques their peers use in supervised (e.g. tests, quizzes, exams etc.) and un-supervised (e.g. homework, projects, lab reports, online environment etc.) assessments. The survey also reveals whether students are more likely to cheat in the major required courses or non-major elective courses etc. Some of the techniques that deter students from cheating are also discussed.
The Relationship Between Learner Autonomy and English Proficiency of Yemeni Postgraduate English Students: A Correlational Study in Hodeidah University

Knowing the level of students' learner autonomy and its impact on their language proficiency makes teachers aware of the significance of this term for better EFL learning. Also, this helps in fostering learner autonomy especially that one of advanced students. This study investigates postgraduate students’ level of learner autonomy and its relationship with their English proficiency in a sample of 35 second-year postgraduate students undergoing two-year Master degree course in English, in the Department of English at the Faculty of Education affiliated to the University of Hodeidah, Yemen. The needed data are collected by a means of a learner autonomy questionnaire and a standard proficiency test. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and Pearson Correlation are used. The findings reveal that the learner autonomy and English proficiency of postgraduate English students, in Hodeidah University, are not ‎significantly correlated and this implies that the high or low level of English proficiency of the ‎students doesn’t imply that their learner autonomy will be high or low correspondingly. ‎ Keywords: Learner autonomy, language proficiency, postgraduate (PG) ,‎ correlation and relationship.
Long-Run Nexus between Tax Revenue on Economic Performance: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

Taxation is main source of government income and has direct linkages with economic performance for most of countries. This study attempts to investigate the long-run nexus between economic performance and tax revenue for Malaysia as a developing nation with dynamic economic progress for the last 2 decades. To determine the long-run nexus, we used the structural breaks effects with the conjunction of ARDL cointegration analysis along with causality analysis. The empirical finding successfully captures the long-run nexus between economic performance and tax revenue. Meanwhile, in the causality analysis section, we found that there is bidirectional causality running between economic performance and tax revenue for Malaysia, which indicates that both variables are cause each another to achieve long-run sustainability stage. The study opens up new directions for policy makers to improve performance of tax sector for sustainable economic growth.
Program development models and reform in Turkish Primary School Mathematics curriculum

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current reform in the Turkish MathematicsEducation at the elementary level by summarizing the types of program development models andchanges involved in the current reform. There are three models of program development; subjectcentred, learner centred, and problem centred. In terms of content, the Turkish elementarymathematics curricula seem to adopt more of a subject centred curricula although the claim was alearner centred one. In terms of methods, however, learning is more emphasized than teaching.Conceptual understanding is given more importance rather than rote memorization of facts and rules.Besides knowledge, skills and attitudes are also embedded in the content. In sum, more constructivistpedagogies are adopted.
Microbial water stress.

A fellow of my acquaintance, on seeing a colleague drink undiluted water (55.5 molal), has been known to comment in disapproval that water at such a concentration should not be used for that purpose and that its main function is for putting around the outside of boats. He conceded that dilution with a little salt is acceptable for boats but for no other purpose. The proponent of this philosophy is not a biologist and it is unlikely that many biologists would accept his generalization without some qualification. Nevertheless, it is a point of view. Another point of view with which all biologists might not agree, at least initially, is one which I wish to advance in this review. It is that, notwithstanding the indispensability of water in living systems and the unique properties of solvent water, quantitative variations in the amount of water available are of less direct microbiological significance than is generally conceded.
Sport, Policy and Politics: A Comparative Analysis

1. Comparing policy for sport and recreation, 2. Government, sport and policy-making, 3. Patterns of government involvement in sport, 4. Sub-national government, 5. National sports organisations, 6. Doping and sport, 7. Sport and physical education in schools, 8. Conclusion
Aging Influence on Gray Matter Structural Associations within the Default Mode Network Utilizing Bayesian Network Modeling

Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed normal aging-related alterations in functional and structural brain networks such as the default mode network (DMN). However, less is understood about specific brain structural dependencies or interactions between brain regions within the DMN in the normal aging process. In this study, using Bayesian network (BN) modeling, we analyzed gray matter volume data from 109 young and 82 old subjects to characterize the influence of aging on associations between core brain regions within the DMN. Furthermore, we investigated the discriminability of the aging-associated BN models for the young and old groups. Compared to their young counterparts, the old subjects showed significant reductions in connections from right inferior temporal cortex (ITC) to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), right hippocampus (HP) to right ITC, and mPFC to posterior cingulate cortex and increases in connections from left HP to mPFC and right inferior parietal cortex to right ITC. Moreover, the classification results showed that the aging-related BN models could predict group membership with 88.48% accuracy, 88.07% sensitivity, and 89.02% specificity. Our findings suggest that structural associations within the DMN may be affected by normal aging and provide crucial information about aging effects on brain structural networks.