Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fine-Grained Analysis of Financial Tweets

This paper decribes our experimental methods and results in FiQA 2018 Task 1. There are two subtasks : (1) to predict continuous sentiment score between -1 to 1, and (2) to determine which aspect(s) are related to the content of financial tweets. First, we propose a preprocessing procedure for decomposing financial tweets. Second, we collect over 334K labeled financial tweets to enlarge the scale of the experiments. Third, the sentiment prediction task is separated into two steps in this paper, i.e., (1) bullish/bearish and (2) sentiment degree. We compare the results of the CNN, CRNN and Bi-LSTM models. Besides, we further combine the results of the best models in both steps as the model of subtask 1. Finally, we make an investigation of aspects in depth, and propose some clues for dealing with the 14 aspects.
The proapoptotic dp5 gene is a direct target of the MLK-JNK-c-Jun pathway in sympathetic neurons

The death of sympathetic neurons after nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal requires de novo gene expression. Dp5 was one of the first NGF withdrawal-induced genes to be identified and it encodes a proapoptotic BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family. To study how dp5 transcription is regulated by NGF withdrawal we cloned the regulatory regions of the rat dp5 gene and constructed a series of dp5-luciferase reporter plasmids. In microinjection experiments with sympathetic neurons we found that three regions of dp5 contribute to its induction after NGF withdrawal: the promoter, a conserved region in the single intron, and sequences in the 3′ untranslated region of the dp5 mRNA. A construct containing all three regions is efficiently activated by NGF withdrawal and, like the endogenous dp5, its induction requires mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. JNKs phosphorylate the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun, and thereby increase its activity. We identified a conserved ATF site in the dp5 promoter that binds c-Jun and ATF2, which is critical for dp5 promoter induction after NGF withdrawal. These results suggest that part of the mechanism by which the MLK-JNK-c-Jun pathway promotes neuronal apoptosis is by activating the transcription of the dp5 gene.
Den use and heterothermy during winter in free-living, suburban striped skunks

Many mammals use heterothermy to meet challenges of reduced food availability and low temperatures, but little is known about the prevalence of heterothermy in wild mesocarnivores. We monitored body temperature (Tb) in free-living striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) through winter 2015–2016 in suburban Flagstaff, Arizona, a high-elevation site that experiences temperate winters. Subcutaneous Tb and heterothermy index (HI) were significantly affected by ambient temperature, and varied significantly across 7 skunks in midwinter. Twenty-one of 36 (58%) unique diurnal dens used by skunks were associated with human structures, and although females were found in dens under houses more than expected compared to males, we found little evidence that skunks selected dens where they could access anthropogenic heat sources. This is the 1st study to document Tb variation over winter in free-living striped skunks. Our results are consistent with 2 previous studies of captive skunks in documenting considerable variation among individuals in the extent of heterothermy. If reduced Tb during heterothermy alters rate of viral replication, variation among individual skunks could have implications for the maintenance and spread of diseases like rabies.
Neutral Theory, Microbial Practice: Challenges in Bacterial Population Genetics

Abstract I detail four major open problems in microbial population genetics with direct implications to the study of molecular evolution: the lack of neutral polymorphism, the modeling of promiscuous genetic exchanges, the genetics of ill‐defined populations, and the difficulty of untangling selection and demography in the light of these issues. Together with the historical focus on the study of single nucleotide polymorphism and widespread non‐random sampling, these problems limit our understanding of the genetic variation in bacterial populations and their adaptive effects. I argue that we need novel theoretical approaches accounting for pervasive selection and strong genetic linkage to better understand microbial evolution.
Population Abundance Estimation Using Repeated Presence-Absence Observations : With or Without the Robust Design

When animal monitoring efforts are concerned with estimating the total abundance of a species that is imperfectly detected, they typically collect at minimum point counts of the number of individuals observed in defined sites within the study area. Then, by repeating this process for multiple seasons, the repeated point counts provide enough information to enable estimation of both detection probability and seasonal abundance, along with parameters controlling emigration and immigration. However, it is much easier to record only the detected occupancy status of each site, since surveying in each site can conclude after the first individual is observed and it alleviates concern over double-counting individuals. Royle and Nichols (2003, Ecology, 84, 777–790) propose a method that utilizes the fact that the probability of detecting a site as occupied increases with site abundance to obtain an estimate of total abundance using presence-absence observations, as long as all observations are obtained within a single season, so that site abundances can be assumed constant. Here, we propose two models that accommodate multiple seasons of presence-absence observations: one for the case of J > 1 sampling occasion per season, and another for the case of J = 1. A simulation study demonstrates that each model outperforms the other in its respective setting. The proposed models are then applied to six seasons of presence-absence observations (with J = 1) for five avian species detected in a Breeding Bird Survey route in western Oregon. Supplemental materials, including R code and a tutorial for implementing the proposed models, are available online.
New Insights from Studies of Clonal Hematopoiesis

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) describes an asymptomatic expansion of blood cells descended from a single hematopoietic stem cell. Recent studies have shown that CH increases in frequency with aging and is often driven by somatic mutations in genes that are recurrently mutated in hematologic malignancies. When CH is associated with a mutation in a leukemia-associated gene at a variant allele frequency of 0.02 or greater, it is termed “clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential” (CHIP). CHIP has a 0.5% to 1% risk per year of progression to hematologic neoplasia, and increases both all-cause mortality and the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke due to a proinflammatory interaction between clonally derived leukocytes and vascular endothelium. CH frequently emerges in the context of immune-mediated marrow failure syndromes such as aplastic anemia, whereas CH emerging after cytotoxic cancer therapy is strongly associated with subsequent development of a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, especially if a TP53 mutation is present. However, risk factors for developing CH other than aging, marrow failure, and cytotoxic radiotherapy or chemotherapy are poorly defined. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical consequences of this common and clinically important biological state. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4633–42. ©2018 AACR.
Update on the Global Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in 1990-2013: The GBD 2013 Study

Background: Global stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Although age-standardized rates of stroke mortality have decreased worldwide in the past 2 decades, the absolute numbers of people who have a stroke every year, and live with the consequences of stroke or die from their stroke, are increasing. Regular updates on the current level of stroke burden are important for advancing our knowledge on stroke epidemiology and facilitate organization and planning of evidence-based stroke care. Objectives: This study aims to estimate incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) and their trends for ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) for 188 countries from 1990 to 2013. Methodology: Stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, DALYs and YLDs were estimated using all available data on mortality and stroke incidence, prevalence and excess mortality. Statistical models and country-level covariate data were employed, and all rates were age-standardized to a global population. All estimates were produced with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: In 2013, there were globally almost 25.7 million stroke survivors (71% with IS), 6.5 million deaths from stroke (51% died from IS), 113 million DALYs due to stroke (58% due to IS) and 10.3 million new strokes (67% IS). Over the 1990-2013 period, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of DALYs due to IS, and of deaths from IS and HS, survivors and incident events for both IS and HS. The preponderance of the burden of stroke continued to reside in developing countries, comprising 75.2% of deaths from stroke and 81.0% of stroke-related DALYs. Globally, the proportional contribution of stroke-related DALYs and deaths due to stroke compared to all diseases increased from 1990 (3.54% (95% UI 3.11-4.00) and 9.66% (95% UI 8.47-10.70), respectively) to 2013 (4.62% (95% UI 4.01-5.30) and 11.75% (95% UI 10.45-13.31), respectively), but there was a diverging trend in developed and developing countries with a significant increase in DALYs and deaths in developing countries, and no measurable change in the proportional contribution of DALYs and deaths from stroke in developed countries. Conclusion: Global stroke burden continues to increase globally. More efficient stroke prevention and management strategies are urgently needed to halt and eventually reverse the stroke pandemic, while universal access to organized stroke services should be a priority.
Insight into the growth pattern and bone fusion of basal birds from an Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird

Significance We report an Early Cretaceous bird from 120 My ago that has a completely fused carpometacarpus and pelvis, pushing back the date for these avian traits by over 40 My. We suggest that this taxon grew more rapidly than other basal birds, but the degree of bone fusion is not causally linked with growth pattern in primitive birds. We hypothesize that the surprisingly high degree of bone fusion in basal birds may have been environmentally induced pertinent to flight or alternatively resultant from genetic modifications. Future developmental studies focusing on the development of bone fusion are needed to test these hypotheses and illustrate how the skeletal system of living birds achieves its modern shape. Bird skeletons exhibit remarkable modifications that allow for flight. The most distinguishable features are the fusion of the bones in the hand, feet, and pelvis into composite rigid and bony structures. However, the historical origins of these avian bone fusions remain elusive because of the rarity of transitional fossils and developmental studies on modern birds. Here, we describe an Early Cretaceous bird (120 Mya) that has fully fused alular-major metacarpals and pelvis. We discuss the manus and pelvis fusions across Paravian phylogeny and demonstrate that these features evolved independently across nonavian theropods, Enantiornithes, and Ornithuromorpha. The fusions of these bones are rare in known nonavian theropods and Early Cretaceous birds but are well established among Late Cretaceous and modern birds, revealing a complicated evolution pattern unrecognized previously. We posit that the developments of bone fusion were polymorphic close to the origin of birds, resulting in the varying degrees of fusion in Paraves. However, that development polymorphism appears to be fundamentally restricted along the line to modern birds by the Late Cretaceous, where all birds have a completely fused manus and pelvis. Such changes likely correspond to a refinement of flight capability. Alternatively, the degree of bone fusion in this primitive bird may have been related to modifications in genes or developmental paths. Future studies and fossil discoveries are required to clarify these hypotheses and pinpoint the developmental pathways involving the bone fusions in early avian evolution through to their modern pattern.
Variability in Raman Spectra of Single Human Tumor Cells Cultured in vitro: Correlation with Cell Cycle and Culture Confluency

In this work we investigate the capability of Raman microscopy (RM) to detect inherent sources of biochemically based spectral variability between single cells of a human tumor cell line (DU145) cultured in vitro. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to identify differences in single-cell Raman spectra. These spectral differences correlate with (1) cell cycle progression and (2) changing confluency of a cell culture during the first 3 to 4 days after sub-culturing. Cell cycle regulatory drugs are used to synchronize the cell cycle progression of cell cultures, and flow cytometry is used to determine the cell cycle distribution of cell cultures at the time of Raman analysis. Spectral variability arising from cell cycle progression is (1) expressed as varying intensities of protein and nucleic acid features relative to lipid features, (2) well correlated with known biochemical changes in cells as they progress through the cell cycle, and (3) shown to be the most significant source of inherent spectral variability between cells. Furthermore, the specific biomolecules responsible for the observed spectral variability due to both cell cycle progression and changes in cell culture confluency can be identified in the first and second components of principal component analysis (PCA). Our characterization of the inherent sources of variability in Raman spectra of single human cells will be useful for understanding subtle spectral differences in RM studies of single cells.
Intercorrelation between MRI disease activity scores of the sacroiliac joints and the spine, and clinical disease activity indices in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Reports in Medical Imaging 2017:10 45–51 Reports in Medical Imaging Dovepress
Representation of the Elderly in Counselor Education Textbooks

A total o f406 heterogeneously grouped students in Grades 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 in three K through 8 Chicago public schools were assigned randomly in two conditions. (RM-p. 23) Abstract: A study examined how the classroom literacy behaviors of middle school students relate to their academic success and reinforce students’ evolving sense of self. (RM-p. 52) The student population of the youth center was composed from a diverse socioeconomic background, including Asian, Hispanic, and White children. Seven boys, who ages ranged from 6 years through 9 years (mean age = 7.42), routinely engaged in R&T. (RM-p. 218) Do Graphic Displays Aid Understanding in Expository Text? Twenty-seven students in a fifth-grade classroom will participate in this study. (RM-p. 274) Effects of Word Processing on Sixth Graders’ Holistic Writing and Revisions ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of word processing on overall writing quality and revision patterns of sixth graders. (RM-p. 393) Effect of Interactive Multimedia on the Achievement of 10-Grade Biology Students. The sample for this study was selected from the total population of 213 lOth-grade students at an upper middle class all-girls Catholic high school in Miami, Florida. The population was 90% Hispanic, mainly of CubanAmerican descent, 9% Caucasian non-Hispanic and 1% African American. (RM-p. 406) Ittustrctiions and examples. The following illustrations and examples of diverse groups and age groups other than the elderly are provided for understanding research methods. Twenty-eight illustrations and examples are presented in the text about children at the preschool, elementary, middle-school, and high-school levels. Young adults at the college level are also represented in a few illustrations in the text. Two examples are given about middle-aged individuals. Diversity among school-aged Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Myocardial fat overgrowth in Proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare, mosaic disorder with asymmetric and distorting overgrowth of the skeletal system, skin, and adipose tissues. Cardiac abnormalities are rare in this syndrome and only two prior cases have been reported. Many patients with PS followed at our institution underwent transthoracic echocardiograms for preoperative evaluation or as work‐up for associated pulmonary disease. Some were noted to have prominent, focal echodense areas in the myocardium. We further investigated cardiac findings in a cohort of children and adult patients with PS. Patients with abnormal echocardiograms were referred for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, Holter monitoring, and exercise treadmill testing. Twenty children and adults with PS, age 24 months to 50 years old, underwent transthoracic echocardiograms. Seven patients (35%) had focal bright echodense areas within the myocardium suggesting fatty infiltration. The majority of patients had significant involvement of the interventricular septum. The cardiac characteristics of all patients with fatty infiltration on transthoracic echocardiograms were compared to Proteus patients without these findings. There were no significant differences in chamber sizes, mass, systolic or diastolic function. No increased risk of conduction defects or arrhythmias was found. This study shows that abnormal fat overgrowth is a common finding in the myocardium in patients with Proteus syndrome; however, it is not associated with functional derangements or arrhythmias. Further evaluation of a larger number of Proteus patients is needed in order to determine the frequency and prognosis of cardiac involvement. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Divided Selves: Professional Role Distancing Among Law Students and New Lawyers in a Period of Market Crisis

In the terms of Erving Goffman's classic role-distancing analysis, newly admitted law students often aspire to an “embraced” lawyer role that directly expresses their personal and political values. Empirical research has suggested that during law school these students are instructed in an amoral and apolitical vision of professionalism. The literature has paid less attention to how students internally experience these norms within their continual processes of self-construction. This article takes an exploratory micro-dynamic look at professional identity formation drawing on longitudinal interviews and identity mapping with three student cohorts. Over the course of their legal education, students bound for large corporate law firms tended to report increasing professional role distancing. In contrast, students who pursued jobs in the public-interest sector tended to sustain a more proximate conception of professional identity, overlapping with racial, gender, political, and other centrally constitutive roles. The article concludes with normative and theoretical implications.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF IMMOBILIZED TANNASE PRODUCED FROM Aspergillus aculeatus COMPARED WITH THE FREE ENZYME

Aspergillus aculeatus tannase was immobilized on several carriers by entrapment and covalent binding with cross-linking. Tannase immobilized on gelatin with cross-linking agent showed the highest activity and immobilization yield. The optimum pH of the immobilized enzyme was shifted to a more acidic range compared with the free enzyme (from pH 5.5 to pH 5.0). The optimum temperature of the reaction was determined to be 50°C for the free enzyme and 60°C for the immobilized form. The thermal stability, as well as stability over a wide range of pH, was significantly improved by the immobilization process. The calculated Km of the immobilized tannase (11.8 mg ml) is higher than that of the free tannase (6.5 mg ml), while Vmax of the immobilized enzyme (0.32 U (μg protein)) is lower than that of the free tannase (2.7 U (μg protein)). The immobilized enzyme was able to retain 84 % of the initial catalytic activity after 5.0 cycles.
Life stress, 5-HTTLPR and mental disorder: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study

Background Recent meta-analyses have raised concerns about the replicability of gene × environment interactions involving the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) in moderating the associations between adverse life events and mental disorders. Aims To use data gathered over the course of a 30-year longitudinal study of a New Zealand birth cohort to test the hypothesis that the presence of short (‘s’) alleles of 5-HTTLPR are associated with an increased response to life stress. Method Participants were 893 individuals from the Christchurch Health and Development Study who had complete data on: the 5-HTTLPR genotype; psychiatric disorders up to the age of 30; and exposure to childhood and adult adverse life events. Results A series of 104 regression models were fitted to four mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms, major depression, anxiety disorder and suicidal ideation) observed at ages 18, 21, 25 and 30 using 13 measures of life-course stress that spanned childhood and adult stressors. Both multiplicative and additive models were fitted to the data. No evidence was found that would support the hypothesis that ‘s' alleles of 5-HTTLPR are associated with increased responsivity to life stressors. Conclusions The present findings add to the evidence suggesting that it is unlikely that there is a stable gene × environment interaction involving 5-HTTLPR, life stress and mental disorders.