Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power and Discourse in Policy Diffusion: Anti-Money Laundering in Developing States

Twenty years ago not a single country had a policy against money laundering; currently, over 170 have very similar anti-money laundering (AML) policies in place. Why have so many countries with so little in common adopted the same policy so rapidly? This extensive diffusion is particularly puzzling given the lack of evidence that AML policies actually work. In explaining the international spread of AML policies, this article draws on recent literature from International Relations, sociology, comparative politics, and public policy dealing with policy diffusion and policy transfer, but also differs from most of this work in two key aspects: First, it is argued that the process of diffusion in the developing world has been much more power-based than voluntary. Second, the mechanisms driving policy diffusion (direct coercion, mimicry, and competition) are all shown to be discursively mediated exercises of power, rather than reflecting rational learning or brute material forces. Evidence is drawn from surveys, interviews, and participant-observation in developing countries from three regions.
The Theory of Imitation in Social Psychology

MOST prominent among the results of the attempt to apply psychology in the interpretation of social phenomena is the theory of imitation, formulated first by M. Gabriel Tarde2 in France and later, but independently, by Professor J. Mark Baldwin3 in this country. Among all the theories of the nature and process of human society this " imitation theory" is today most widely accepted and most in the public eye. It enjoys such enviable popularity, indeed, that it is expounded, not only by professors of sociology and psychology in our colleges and universities, but by many of the teachers of psychology and pedagogy in our secondary schools. Such a theory, which has gained so wide an acceptance in a brief time, deserves the careful examination and candid criticism of every social thinker; and such this paper will endeavor to give it. Professor Baldwin's statement of the theory diverges slightly, though immaterially, from M. Tarde's statement. For this reason, as well as on account of its priority in time, M. Tarde's formulation of the theory may be advantageously given first.
The effect of texturing the intraocular lens edge on postoperative glare symptoms: a randomized, prospective, double-masked study.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether texturing the optic edge of the intraocular lens reduces photic symptoms in patients with square-edged acrylic intraocular lense implants. METHODS Sixty patients underwent routine phacoemulsification performed by a single surgeon and were prospectively randomized to receive either the standard AcrySof MA30 intraocular lens (Alcon Laboratories, Ft Worth, Tex) (group 1) or an MA30 intraocular lens with a textured optic edge (group 2). Patients were seen at 1 month by an independent observer who was masked to treatment groups. A questionnaire on photic symptoms was completed, and attempts were made to elicit symptoms under mesopic and photopic conditions. RESULTS At 1 month postoperatively, 20 (67%) of 30 patients in group 1 noticed symptoms compared with 4 (13%) of 30 patients in group 2 (P<.001). The mean duration of symptoms was 3.5 weeks in group 1 and 1 week in group 2 (P =.01). By provocative testing under photopic conditions, symptoms could be elicited in 26 patients (87%) in group 1 and 6 (20%) in group 2. No patients in either group were symptomatic at 3 months postoperatively. Under mesopic conditions, symptoms could be elicited in 27 patients (90%) in group 1 and 11 (37%) in group 2. There was no relationship between the incidence of symptoms and the degree of intraocular lens-rhexis contact. CONCLUSION Photic phenomena can be significantly reduced by texturing the edge of a square-edged profile AcrySof intraocular lens.
Accentuation of Production of Human Interferon by Metabolic Inhibitors 1

Vilcek (1, 2) has shown that the production of interferon by rabbit kidney cells stimulated with poly (I):poly (C) can be enhanced by certain inhibitors of protein synthesis. Accentuated interferon production in the presence of protein inhibitors such as cycloheximide can occur in several different tissues (4) and paradoxically requires concomitant protein synthesis (5). Maximal enhancement is achieved if inhibitors are used sequentially to block the synthesis of a postulated regulatory protein (3). This procedure involves treatment of cells with a reversible inhibitor of protein synthesis during the synthesis of interferon mRNA. Prior to reversal of protein blockade, actinomycin D treatment is initiated to inhibit transcription of the regulatory protein. In this paper we show that human interferon production can also be enhanced by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Materials and Methods. Cell cultures. Human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF) were obtained from tissues of an approximately 4-week embryo (about 3 cm long) by treatment with 0.25% trypsin. Cultures were grown in medium consisting of Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) supplemented with 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolyzate, 2 mM L-glutamine, Eagle's vitamin mixture, antibiotics, and 5% inactivated (56° for 30 min) newborn calf serum. Subcultures were prepared as needed by treatment of monolayers with 0.25% trypsin and 0.2% EDTA in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The cells were centrifuged, resuspended at 2 × 105 cells/ml, and dispensed into suitable culture vessels. Stock cultures were carried in glass prescription bottles but experimental work was performed with cultures in 5-cm plastic dishes or 6-mm micro wells (Falcon Microtest II plates) incubated under 5% CO2. Stock cultures could be stored at room temperature for several weeks. Interferon inducers. Polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid (Mann or P-L) were dissolved in PBS (pH 7.2) at 1 mg/ml and complexed by mixing at 37° immediately prior to use (4).
Translocation of TRPV2 channel induced by focal administration of mechanical stress

The effect of focal mechanical stress on the localization of TRPV2 was investigated in HT1080 cells, where only mRNA for TRPV2 was detected among members of the TRPV channel family. Mechanical stress was applied by adding negative pressure using a glass pipette. When focal mechanical stress was applied, subplasma membrane Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]s) was increased beneath the pipette, which propagated throughout the cell. The increase in [Ca2+]s was blocked by ruthenium red or by knocking down TRPV2. Elevation of [Ca2+]s was not observed by removal of extracellular Ca2+, by an addition of a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor LY29034, and by transfection of dominant‐negative Rac. In cells expressing GFP‐TRPV2 and RFP‐Akt, administration of focal mechanical stress induced accumulation of GFP‐TRPV2 beneath the pipette. RFP‐Akt was also accumulated to the same site. Gadolinium blocked the elevation of [Ca2+]s induced by focal mechanical stress and also attenuated accumulation of TRPV2. When GFP‐TRPV1, GFP‐TRPV3, GFP‐TRPV4, GFP‐TRPV5, or GFP‐TRPV6 was transfected ectopically in HT1080 cells, only GFP‐TRPV4 was accumulated beneath the pipette in response to the focal mechanical stress. These results indicate that TRPV2 translocates to the site receiving a focal mechanical stress and increases [Ca2+]s.
Children’s Social and Personal Development Through Sport: A Case Study of an Australian Swimming Club

Despite the prominence of swimming in Australia and the large numbers of children participating in it, no previous research has been conducted on what the implications of this might be for their social development. Indeed, there is a lack of empirical research conducted on the personal, moral, and social learning that arises from children’s participation in sport. Building on research conducted on learning and the formation of identity in an Australian surf club (Light, 2006), this article contributes toward redressing this oversight by drawing on a 3-month ethnographic study conducted on a swimming club in Sydney, Australia. Focused on children aged 9 to 12 years of age, it explores the range of social, personal, and cultural development that occurs through their participation in the practices of the club. Drawing on Lave and Wenger’s (1991) analytic concepts of situated learning and communities of practice, it suggests that a range of important social learning, enculturation, and the development of identity arises from participation in the practices of the swimming club.
Relative Automaticity without Mastery

When writers make frequent grammatical errors, they often spend a substantial part of composing time making decisions about grammar. Studies of unskilled writers with normal hearing indicate this hyperconcern for correctness. There have been reasons to believe, however, that the attention of deaf writers who make errors is less consumed by grammatical decision making. The present study was undertaken to determine whether representative deaf writers devote as much attention to grammatical decisions as unskilled hearing subjects. Ten deaf subjects and five hearing subjects wrote and edited accounts of two short stories that were signed and spoken on videotape. Under all composing conditions, the deaf subjects' rates of pausing were substantially lower than those of the hearing writers. Combined with subjects' patterns of error correction, these findings suggest that the deaf subjects devoted substantially less attention to grammatical decision making during composition.
The use of mindfulness in psychodynamic and body oriented psychotherapy

This article summarizes some of the ways that ‘mindfulness’ starts to appear in Western psychotherapy and medicine, showing that it has become a legitimate area of scientific inquiry and that it shares common objectives with Western treatment approaches. It then explores its origin in Buddhism as well as the meaning of the concept and aspects of its practice. Claiming that the use of mindfulness can move psychodynamic therapy from a ‘thinking’ to an ‘observing’ mode, the role and power of the Buddhist concept of an ‘internal observer’ is explained and discussed. Then the author outlines the reasons why body psychotherapy is particularly predisposed to embrace mindfulness as a core concept and shows how, using the example of the Hakomi® Method, it would have a deep impact on the way psychodynamic therapy is conducted. He argues that the therapeutic relationship would have to be shaped according to a radical understanding of ‘acceptance’ and an ‘experimental’ attitude.
Abnormal mammogram follow-up: a pilot study women with low income.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test an intervention (the Screening Adherence Follow-up Program [SAFe]) that was designed to reduce the number of known barriers to diagnostic follow-up adherence and initiation of treatment among women with low incomes who had abnormal mammogram findings. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM The investigators developed and implemented a highly structured, theory- and evidence-based intervention that combined health education, counseling, and systems navigation, which was delivered by a team consisting of a peer counselor and a social worker who held a masters degree. A scripted baseline telephone interview identified potential barriers to follow-up adherence and provided counseling interventions for each patient. Patients were assigned to different service intensities based on the level of risk for nonadherence. Patients with significant mental health symptoms, psychosocial stressors, or who had received a diagnosis of cancer were referred to the team social worker for further assessment and intervention. Patients also received reinforcing telephone follow-up calls at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS An observational pilot study of SAFe (N = 605) in two large urban diagnostic centers showed that 71% of women receiving SAFe were Hispanic, 18% were Black, and 11% were from other ethnic backgrounds. Adherence rates through diagnostic resolution and the initiation of treatment for women who had received a diagnosis of cancer were 93% and 90%, respectively, at the two study sites. Rates of adherence among women who could not be located or who refused study consent were significantly lower (72% and 69%, respectively). The rate of timely adherence was also higher among the women served. Patient satisfaction with SAFe was generally high. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Study results support the combining of interventions and the practical utility of a clinical decision-making algorithm to determine individualized nonadherence risk and to assign service intensity based on individual need. Problems in locating women for enrollment were experienced.
Statistical modeling challenges in model-based reconstruction for x-ray CT

Model- based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) is increasingly widely applied as an improvement over conventional, deterministic methods of image reconstruction in X-ray CT. A primary advantage of MBIR is potentially dras tically reduced dosage without diagnostic quality loss. Early success of the method has naturally led to growing numbers of scans at very low dose, presenting data which does not match well the simple statistical models heretofore considered adequate. This paper addresses several issues arising in limiting cases which call for refine ment of standard data models. The emergence of electronic noise as a significant contributor to uncertainty, and bias of sinogram values in photon-starved measurements are demonstrated to be important modeling problems in this new environment. We present also possible ameliorations to several of these low-dosage estimation issues.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring

The authors retrospectively analyzed 103 patients to investigate the value of examination of Waldeyer's ring with biopsies as a staging procedure in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Twenty‐three patients had clinical involvement of Waldeyer's ring. In 55 of 80 remaining patients, this staging procedure was performed but positive biopsy specimens were found only in patients with advanced disease. No correlation was found between positive biopsy specimens and the histologic subtype. No positive biopsy specimens of Waldeyer's ring were obtained in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy without clinical involvement of the nasopharynx and in patients with localized lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Blind biopsies of Waldeyer's ring as a staging procedure proved to be of no value in the patients. The results of therapy in 23 patients with involvement of Waldeyer's ring were good. Unfavorable histologic subtypes (intermediate or high‐grade malignancy) were predominant (91%). Eighteen of 22 patients (82%) achieved complete remission, with a relapse‐free survival rate at 60 months of 95%. For the whole group of patients, the actuarial survival rate at 72 months was 71%.
Bleeding Efficiency, Microbiological Quality and Oxidative Stability of Meat from Goats Subjected to Slaughter without Stunning in Comparison with Different Methods of Pre-Slaughter Electrical Stunning

The influence of pre-slaughter electrical stunning techniques and slaughter without stunning on bleeding efficiency and shelf life of chevon during a 14 d postmortem aging were assessed. Thirty two Boer crossbred bucks were randomly assigned to four slaughtering techniques viz slaughter without stunning (SWS), low frequency head-only electrical stunning (LFHO; 1 A for 3 s at a frequency of 50 Hz), low frequency head-to-back electrical stunning (LFHB; 1 A for 3 s at a frequency of 50 Hz) and high frequency head-to-back electrical stunning (HFHB; 1 A for 3 s at a frequency of 850 Hz). The SWS, LFHO and HFHB goats had higher (p<0.05) blood loss and lower residual hemoglobin in muscle compared to LFHB. The LFHB meat had higher (p<0.05) TBARS value than other treatments on d 7 and 14 d postmortem. Slaughtering methods had no effect on protein oxidation. Higher bacterial counts were observed in LFHB meat compared to those from SWS, LFHO and HFHB after 3 d postmortem. Results indicate that the low bleed-out in LFHB lowered the lipid oxidative stability and microbiological quality of chevon during aging.
Acetic acid Effect on Seedling Growth of Some Anoxia-tolerant Land Race Rice ( Oryza sativa L) Genotypes

An in vitro study was conducted to observe the effect of acetic acid in the process of seedling growth of five anoxia-tolerant land race rice genotypes (Tepi boro, Chaita boro, Bashful, Jahmir and Banajira) under hypoxic condition at two pH levels: pH 5 and pH 7. The acetic acid concentrations were 0, 4, 8 and 12 mM. Seedlings were grown in the test tubes containing 18 ml acetic acid-water solution (equivalent to 50 mm water column above the seed) under the two pH conditions at 30 °C for 7 days in dark. The nature and extent of the genotype responses varied with the concentrations of acetic acid and pH levels. Increased acetic acid concentration affected coleoptile length, mesocotyl length, 1st leaf length and root length significantly. The genotype Bashful was able to produce the longest 1st leaf length at pH 5. The 1st leaf growth of genotype Jahmir varied a little with the pH levels used in this study. Higher pH (pH 7) appeared to minimize acetic acid shock of the seedlings in the process of development.
Quantitative Content Analysis as a Method for Business Ethics Research

The aim of this article is to discuss quantitative content analysis as established in communication sciences as a method for research in business ethics. We argue that communication sciences and business ethics are neighboring disciplines, which allow the transfer of quantitative content analysis from communication sciences to business ethics. Technically, quantitative content analysis can be applied through human as well as software coding. Examples for both applications are provided and discussed. We make reference to the software solutions ‘Leximancer’, ‘Crawdad’, and ‘Wordle’, and examine their suitability and limitations with regard to ethical questions for researching business ethics. We recommend a mixed-method approach, combining human and software coding. Furthermore, we propose a three-step process that discusses quantitative content analysis as a method for business ethics, including an ethical research objective, and most importantly, concluding with ethical reasoning and interpretation of the quantitative results.
Competitiveness, Creativity, and Place-Based Development

This paper seeks to make a link between the concepts of competitiveness and the ‘creative class’ at a place-based level. The paper explores the relationship between creativity and competitiveness at the local level across the UK using a rural–urban framework. A growing competitiveness divide between rural and urban areas is found. Also, the creative class is found to be more evenly distributed than might be anticipated a priori. In conclusion, we argue that city-region approaches to economic development are having a detrimental impact on the competitiveness of rural regions.
DSA: Distributed Semi-Asynchronous Sleep Scheduling Protocol for Mobile Wireless Networks

A synchronization error is unavoidable in mobile wireless multihop networks, especially in sparse networks, due to the lack of effective synchronization algorithms. Fortunately, some level of clock synchronization is possible among nodes. In this paper, we propose a distributed semi-asynchronous sleep scheduling protocol (DSA) considering loosely synchronized clocks in sparse mobile wireless networks. The sleep schedules are constructed to guarantee contacts among distributed nodes having synchronization errors. Also, the protocol can be optimized using the distribution of the synchronization error to maximize the energy efficiency. With simulation results, we demonstrate that the DSA can achieve higher energy efficiency than existing asynchronous sleep scheduling protocols, especially for large synchronization errors.
Oxidative Stress and Treg and Th17 Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. The pathogenic mechanisms that cause SLE remain unclear; however, it is well recognized that the immune balance is disturbed and that this imbalance contributes to the autoimmune symptoms of SLE. Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the production and manifestation of reactive oxygen species and the ability of the biological system to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. In humans, oxidative stress is involved in many diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and autoimmune diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This review mainly focuses on the recent research advances with respect to oxidative stress and regulatory T (Treg)/helper T 17 (Th17) cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Psychometric Characteristics of the Korean Mental Health Continuum–Short Form in an Adolescent Sample

There have been few research studies to examine the positive mental health of Asian adolescents. The aim here is to examine the factorial structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity of a Korean version of the Mental Health Continuum–short form (K-MHC-SF), a newly developed self-report scale for positive mental health assessment, in a sample of South Korean adolescents. The Korean sample comprised 547 high school students (57% were female), ranging in age from 14 to 17 years (mean age = 16.08 years, SD = 0.34). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the K-MHC-SF replicated the three-factor structure of emotional, psychological, and social well-being found in earlier studies. Another confirmatory factor analysis supported the correlated two-factor model of mental health and mental disorder. The internal consistency of the overall K-MHC-SF was . 91. The total score on the K-MHC-SF significantly correlated with a measure of life satisfaction (ρ = .58) and a measure of self-esteem (ρ = .57). In addition, the attempt at categorical classification revealed that 11.7% were in the category of positive mental health, characterized as flourishing, and 13.0% were in the category of absence of positive mental health, described as languishing. The results of the present study suggest that the K-MHC-SF is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring the three lower-order dimensions of subjective well-being.
Language and Reading Deficits Associated With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Evidence for a Not-So-Nonverbal Learning Disability

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder for which nonverbal learning disability (NLD) is frequently reported. In this study, verbal and nonverbal skills among NF1 school‐age children and their unaffected siblings were assessed. Results of matched‐paired comparisons were consistent with previous reports of visuospatial deficits in NF1. The results also indicate verbal weaknesses in NF1, including deficits in vocabulary and phonological awareness, and a positive correlation—among the NF1 group only—between performance on the Judgment of Line Orientation test (Benton, 1983) and several verbal tasks. The verbal deficits indicate that NLD may not be an accurate construct with which to describe the NF1 phenotype. Children with NF1 manifested skills deficits in mathematics and reading even though the incidence of discrepancy‐based reading disability (RD) or mathematics disability (MD) did not differ across groups. The NF1 profile illustrates the conceptual difficulty underlying discrepancy‐ba.