Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognition-inspired Descriptors for Scalable Cover Song Retrieval

Inspired by representations used in music cognition studies and computational musicology, we propose three simple and interpretable descriptors for use in mid- to high-level computational analysis of musical audio and applications in content-based retrieval. We also argue that the task of scalable cover song retrieval is very suitable for the de- velopment of descriptors that effectively capture musical structures at the song level. The performance of the proposed descriptions in a cover song problem is presented. We further demonstrate that, due to the musically-informed nature of the descriptors, an independently established model of stability and variation in covers songs can be integrated to improve performance.
CHANDRA AND SPITZER IMAGING OF THE INFRARED CLUSTER IN NGC 2071

We present results of a sensitive Chandra X-ray observation and Spitzer mid-infrared (mid-IR) observations of the IR cluster lying north of the NGC 2071 reflection nebula in the Orion B molecular cloud. We focus on the dense cluster core known as NGC 2071-IR, which contains at least nine IR sources within a 40″ × 40″ region. This region shows clear signs of active star formation including powerful molecular outflows, Herbig-Haro objects, and both OH and H2O masers. We use Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images to aid in X-ray source identification and to determine young stellar object (YSO) classes using mid-IR colors. Spitzer IRAC colors show that the luminous source IRS 1 is a class I protostar. IRS 1 is believed to be driving a powerful bipolar molecular outflow and may be an embedded B-type star or its progenitor. Its X-ray spectrum reveals a fluorescent Fe emission line at 6.4 keV, arising in cold material near the protostar. The line is present even in the absence of large flares, raising questions about the nature of the ionizing mechanism responsible for producing the 6.4 keV fluorescent line. Chandra also detects X-ray sources at or near the positions of IRS 2, IRS 3, IRS 4, and IRS 6 and a variable X-ray source coincident with the radio source VLA 1, located just 2″ north of IRS 1. No IR data are yet available to determine a YSO classification for VLA 1, but its high X-ray absorption shows that it is even more deeply embedded than IRS 1, suggesting that it could be an even younger, less-evolved protostar.
Fussy Feeders: Phyllosoma Larvae of the Western Rocklobster (Panulirus cygnus) Demonstrate Prey Preference

The Western Rocklobster (Panulirus cygnus) is the most valuable single species fishery in Australia and the largest single country spiny lobster fishery in the world. In recent years a well-known relationship between oceanographic conditions and lobster recruitment has become uncoupled, with significantly lower recruitment than expected, generating interest in the factors influencing survival and development of the planktonic larval stages. The nutritional requirements and wild prey of the planktotrophic larval stage (phyllosoma) of P. cygnus were previously unknown, hampering both management and aquaculture efforts for this species. Ship-board feeding trials of wild-caught mid-late stage P. cygnus phyllosoma in the eastern Indian Ocean, off the coast of Western Australia, were conducted in July 2010 and August-September 2011. In a series of experiments, phyllosoma were fed single and mixed species diets of relatively abundant potential prey items (chaetognaths, salps, and krill). Chaetognaths were consumed in 2–8 times higher numbers than the other prey, and the rate of consumption of chaetognaths increased with increasing concentration of prey. The highly variable lipid content of the phyllosoma, and the fatty acid profiles of the phyllosoma and chaetognaths, indicated they were from an oligotrophic oceanic food chain where food resources for macrozooplankton were likely to be constrained. Phyllosoma fed chaetognaths over 6 days showed significant changes in some fatty acids and tended to accumulate lipid, indicating an improvement in overall nutritional condition. The discovery of a preferred prey for P. cygnus will provide a basis for future oceanographic, management and aquaculture research for this economically and ecologically valuable species.
An interferer-tolerant receiver with active feedback for cognitive radio applications

A receiver architecture covering 54-864 MHz and suitable for tolerating large interferers is presented in 0.18 μm CMOS. It alleviates the problem of LO harmonics mixing with the aid of a heterodyne conversion, and by employing an active feedback, provides an IIP3 of better than +13.4 dBm, comparable with state-of-the-art. Noise canceling techniques are used to improve the NF of the receiver so that the receiver achieves NF of 8.6 and 18 dB in the absence, and presence of an interferer, as strong as 0 dBm, respectively.
Changes in apparent systemic clearance of propofol during transplantation of living related donor liver.

BACKGROUND Propofol is used during living-related donor liver transplantation because its metabolism is not greatly affected by liver failure. However, the pharmacokinetics of propofol during liver transplantation have not been fully defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent systemic clearance of propofol during the dissection, anhepatic and reperfusion phases of living-related donor liver transplantation, and to estimate the role of the small intestine and lung as extrahepatic sites for propofol disposition. METHODS Ten patients scheduled for living-related donor liver transplantation were enrolled in the study. Anaesthesia was induced with vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) and propofol 2 mg kg(-1), and then maintained by 60% air, 0.5-1.5% isoflurane in oxygen and a constant infusion of propofol at 2 mg kg(-1) h(-1). Apparent systemic clearance during the dissection, anhepatic and reperfusion phases was calculated from the pseudo-steady-state concentration for each phase. Disposition in the small intestine was determined by measuring arteriovenous blood concentration in 10 liver transplantation donors. Pulmonary disposition was determined by measuring the arteriovenous blood concentration in 10 recipients during the anhepatic phase. The data are expressed as mean (sd). RESULTS Apparent systemic clearances in the dissection, anhepatic and reperfusion phases were 1.89 (sd 0.48) litre min(-1), 1.08 (0.25) litre min(-1) and 1.53 (0.51) litre min(-1), respectively. The concentration of propofol in the portal vein was lower than in the radial artery. The intestinal extraction ratio calculated from the concentration in the radial artery and portal vein was 0.24 (0.12). There were no significant differences in propofol concentrations between the radial and pulmonary arteries. CONCLUSION Apparent systemic clearance was decreased by approximately 42 (10)% during the anhepatic phase compared with the dissection phase. After reperfusion, liver allografts rapidly began to metabolize propofol. The small intestine also participates in the metabolism of propofol.
History and philosophy of geography I

This report takes as its prompt John K. Wright’s 1925 ‘plea for the history of geography’ – an early call for an inclusive account of geographical thought and practice, embracing both professional and amateur ways of knowing. In reflecting on the extent to which contemporary histories of geography realize the scope of Wright’s ambition, the paper considers how external pressures, such as neoliberalism and academia’s audit culture, function to shape and constrain the writing of those histories. The paper argues for the value of ‘slow’ scholarship as an act of political resistance and as a sine qua non of nuanced and comprehensive historiography. The report concludes by examining how biographical and genealogical approaches to narrating geography’s histories have important implications for the decisions made about inclusion and exclusion, about what and who counts in geography.
Utility max-min: an application-oriented bandwidth allocation scheme

We consider the use of an application-layer performance measure-the utility-in the context of bandwidth allocation for an available bit rate service. This bandwidth allocation scheme can be viewed as a generalization of traditional available bit rate service; the scheme is equivalent to bandwidth max-min allocation when the utility of all applications are equal. The goal of the allocation scheme is to provide a good application-layer service to a wide diversity of applications sharing available bandwidth. We achieve this goal while also supporting changes in utility over time, tolerating some inaccuracy in utility function specification, and addressing the issue of circumvention through pricing.
A note on multi-criteria inventory classification using weighted linear optimization

Abstract : Recently, Ramanathan (R., Ramanathan, ABC inventory classification with multiple-criteria using weighted linear optimization, Computer and Operations Research, 33(3) (2006) 695-700) introduced a simple DEA-like model to classify inventory items on the basis of multiple criteria. However, the classification results produced by Ramanathan are not consistent with the domination concept encouraged some researchers to extend his model. In this paper, we produce the correct results and compare them to the original results and those of the extended models. We also improve this model to rank items with an optimal score of 1 using a cross-efficiency technique. The classification results are considerably different from the original results. Despite the fact that the correct results are obtained in this paper, there is no significant difference between the original model and its extensions, while the original model is more simple and suitable for the situations in which decision-maker cannot assign specific weights to individual criteria. Keywords : Inventory classification, weighted linear optimization, multi-criteria decision-making.
Thymic Nurse Cells Participate in Heterotypic Internalization and Repertoire Selection of Immature Thymocytes; Their Removal from the Thymus of Autoimmune Animals May be Important to Disease Etiology

Thymic nurse cells (TNCs) are specialized epithelial cells that reside in the thymic cortex. The initial report of their discovery in 1980 showed TNCs to contain up to 200 thymocytes within specialized vacuoles in their cytoplasm. Much has been reported since that time to determine the function of this heterotypic internalization event that exists between TNCs and developing thymocytes. In this review, we discuss the literature reported that describes the internalization event and the role TNCs play during T cell development in the thymus as well as why these multicellular complexes may be important in inhibiting the development of autoimmune diseases.
An examination of the utility of heterophil-lymphocyte ratios in assessing stress of caged hens

To measure stress in caged hens, differential counts of their wing vein blood were used to determine heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios and total white blood cell counts (TWBC). The H/L values of 18-wk samples from conventionally caged hens (CC) were not statistically different from hens raised in aviaries (AV) when calculated by either of 2 methods (H/L 1 and H/L 2). However, there was a high degree of variation among samples within each cage type. The TWBC data and hematology indicated leukocytosis, leukemoid reactions, and a high frequency of atypia. Reactive lymphocytes, large plasmacytoid lymphocytes, cyanophils, coccinocytes, and atypical heterophils were common. Analysis of 77-wk data indicated significant differences among 3 cage types. The H/L 1 of enriched caged (EN) hens was twice (0.91) that of either AV (0.33) or CC (0.44) hens (P < 0.01); the H/L 2 values were also highest for EN (0.46) versus AV (0.29) and CC (0.34; P <0.01). As was the case with 18-wk samples, TWBC distributions and hematological data indicated leukocytosis, leukemoid reactions, and a high frequency of atypia. Among the likely reasons for the hematological observations was the occurrence of polymicrobial bacteremia and fungemia, both of which could account for high TWBC and atypical cells. Collectively, these observations challenge the general application of the H/L ratio method when applied alone as an indicator of stress and welfare of hens caged in modern systems.
Transformational Leadership and Collective Efficacy: The Moderating Roles of Collaborative Culture and Teachers' Self-Efficacy

Problem Statement: Transformational leadership plays an important role in promoting and managing school development by influencing subordinates both directly and indirectly. Previous research has found that transformational leadership contributes to teacher outcomes, including teacher beliefs about their individual and collective capacity and collaborative culture. No previous study has examined the mechanisms through which this influence occurs. This research was designed to specify the direct and indirect relationship of transformational leadership practices with collective teacher efficacy. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct relationship of transformational leadership practices with collective teacher efficacy and the indirect relationship of transformational leadership with collective teacher efficacy via the self-efficacy of teachers and collaborative school culture. Methods: Data were collected from 66 elementary schools in the province of Edirne, Turkey. A total of 218 teachers (97 men and 121 women) participated in the study. The mean experience of the participants was 10.55 years. Four constructs (transformational leadership, collective efficacy, self-efficacy, and collaborati on climate) were measured in this study using multiple-item perceptual scales for each. All items were measured using a five-point Likert scale. The model was tested using LISREL 8.3 with maximum likelihood estimation. The model's overall fit with the data was evaluated using common model goodness-of-fit measures.
Are we ON the same page? Monolingual and bilingual acquisition of familiar and novel relational language

Verbs and prepositions pose significant challenges in second language learning, as languages differ in how they map these relational terms onto events. Second language learners must put aside their language-specific lens to uncover how a new language operates, perhaps having to rediscover semantic distinctions typically ignored in the first language. The current study examines how the acquisition of these novel mappings are affected by characteristics of the learner and of the language to be learned. English monolinguals and Dutch- English bilinguals learned novel terms that corresponded to containment and support relations of either English, Dutch, or Japanese. Results show that English distinctions are learned best across groups, potentially reflecting predispositions in human cognition. No differences were found between monolinguals and bilinguals in any language condition. The characteristics of the language to be learned appear to play a prominent role in the acquisition of novel semantic categories.
The Dissection of Meiotic Chromosome Movement in Mice Using an In Vivo Electroporation Technique

During meiosis, the rapid movement of telomeres along the nuclear envelope (NE) facilitates pairing/synapsis of homologous chromosomes. In mammals, the mechanical properties of chromosome movement and the cytoskeletal structures responsible for it remain poorly understood. Here, applying an in vivo electroporation (EP) technique in live mouse testis, we achieved the quick visualization of telomere, chromosome axis and microtubule organizing center (MTOC) movements. For the first time, we defined prophase sub-stages of live spermatocytes morphologically according to GFP-TRF1 and GFP-SCP3 signals. We show that rapid telomere movement and subsequent nuclear rotation persist from leptotene/zygotene to pachytene, and then decline in diplotene stage concomitant with the liberation of SUN1 from telomeres. Further, during bouquet stage, telomeres are constrained near the MTOC, resulting in the transient suppression of telomere mobility and nuclear rotation. MTs are responsible for these movements by forming cable-like structures on the NE, and, probably, by facilitating the rail-tacking movements of telomeres on the MT cables. In contrast, actin regulates the oscillatory changes in nuclear shape. Our data provide the mechanical scheme for meiotic chromosome movement throughout prophase I in mammals.
How Much Noise Is Too Much: A Study in Automatic Text Classification

Noise is a stark reality in real life data. Especially in the domain of text analytics, it has a significant impact as data cleaning forms a very large part of the data processing cycle. Noisy unstructured text is common in informal settings such as on-line chat, SMS, email, newsgroups and blogs, automatically transcribed text from speech, and automatically recognized text from printed or handwritten material. Gigabytes of such data is being generated everyday on the Internet, in contact centers, and on mobile phones. Researchers have looked at various text mining issues such as pre-processing and cleaning noisy text, information extraction, rule learning, and classification for noisy text. This paper focuses on the issues faced by automatic text classifiers in analyzing noisy documents coming from various sources. The goal of this paper is to bring out and study the effect of different kinds of noise on automatic text classification. Does the nature of such text warrant moving beyond traditional text classification techniques? We present detailed experimental results with simulated noise on the Reuters- 21578 and 20-newsgroups benchmark datasets. We present interesting results on real-life noisy datasets from various CRM domains.
Data Injection Attacks on Smart Grids With Multiple Adversaries: A Game-Theoretic Perspective

Data injection attacks have emerged as a significant threat on the smart power grid. By launching data injection attacks, an adversary can manipulate the real-time locational marginal prices to obtain economic benefits. Despite the surge of existing literature on data injection, most such works assume the presence of a single attacker and assume no cost for attack or defense. In contrast, in this paper, a model for data injection attacks with multiple adversaries and a single smart grid defender is introduced. To study the interactions between the defender and the attackers, two game models are considered. In the first, a Stackelberg game is proposed in which the defender acts as a leader that can anticipate the actions of the adversaries, that act as followers, before deciding on which measurements to protect. The existence and properties of the Stackelberg equilibrium of this game are studied. To find the equilibrium, a distributed learning algorithm that operates under limited system information is proposed and shown to converge to the game solution. In the second proposed game model, it is considered that the defender cannot anticipate the actions of the adversaries. To this end, a hybrid satisfaction equilibrium-Nash equilibrium game is proposed. To find the equilibrium of this hybrid game, a search-based algorithm is introduced. Numerical results using the IEEE 30-bus system are used to illustrate and analyze the strategic interactions between the attackers and defender. The results show that by defending a very small set of measurements, the grid operator can achieve an equilibrium through which the optimal attacks have no effect on the system. Moreover, the results also show how, at equilibrium, multiple attackers can play a destructive role toward each other by choosing to carry out attacks that cancel each other out, leaving the system unaffected. In addition, the obtained equilibrium strategies under the Stackelberg and the hybrid models are compared while characterizing the amount of loss that the defender endures due to its inability to anticipate the attackers' actions.
GPR reflection profiles of Clark and Commonwealth Glaciers, Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Abstract Englacial horizons deeper than 100m are absent within 100MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surface profiles we recorded on Clark and Commonwealth Glaciers in the Antarctic Dry Valleys region. Both glaciers show continuous bottom horizons to 280 m, with bottom signal-to-noise ratios near 30 dB. Density horizons should fade below 50 m depth because impermeable ice occurred by 36 m. Folding within Commonwealth Glacier could preclude radar strata beneath about 80 m depth, but there is no significant folding within Clark Glacier. Strong sulfate concentrations and contrasts exist in our shallow ice core. However, it appears that high background concentration levels, and possible decreased concentration contrasts with depth placed their corresponding reflection coefficients at the limit of, or below, our system sensitivity by about 77m depth. Further verification of this conclusion awaits processing of our deep-core chemistry profiles.
A Biclustering Framework for Consensus Problems

We consider grouping as a general characterization for problems such as clustering, community detection in networks, and multiple parametric model estimation. We are interested in merging solutions from different grouping algorithms, distilling all their good qualities into a consensus solution. In this paper, we propose a biclustering framework and perspective for reaching consensus in such grouping problems. In particular, this is the first time that the task of finding/fitting multiple parametric models to a dataset is formally posed as a consensus problem. We highlight the equivalence of these tasks and establish the connection with the computational Gestalt program, which seeks to provide a psychologically inspired detection theory for visual events. We also present a simple but powerful biclustering algorithm, specially tuned to the nature of the problem we address, though general enough to handle many different instances inscribed within our characterization. The presentation is accompanied with di.
Aspectual (re-)interpretation: Structural representation and processing

In this paper I will address some questions arising from current investigations on the aspectual interpretation of utterances and, in particular, the aspectual reinterpretation involved in it. In order to illustrate the issue let me consider some assumptions and observations made in this field of semantic analysis. A general assumption that seems to be accepted by most researchers is Thesis 1.