Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Factors That Hinder Women Participation in Social, Political and Economic Activities in Tanzania

This paper addresses women’s participation in social, political and economic activities. In particular, factors that hinder women from participating in social, political and economic activities in mainland Tanzania are discussed. Analysis shows that factors such as level of education, type of place of residence, marital status, religion, region of residence and age groups, with different levels of magnitude contribute differently to their poor participation. Cross-tabulation is used to establish the relationship between “participation” as the dependent variable and the aforementioned factors. Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the relative importance of the factors. Results indicate that place of residence; age group and region of residence are significant while education and religion are insignificant.
Ageing and mental health in a developing country: who cares? Qualitative studies from Goa, India

Background. While there is a growing body of epidemiological evidence on the prevalence of mental illnesses in late-life in developing countries, there is limited data on cultural perceptions of mental illnesses and care arrangement for older people. Method. This qualitative study used focus group discussions with older people and key informants to investigate the status of older people and concepts of late-life mental health conditions, particularly dementia and depression, in Goa, India. Results. Vignettes of depression and dementia were widely recognized. However, neither condition was thought to constitute a health condition. Dementia was construed as a normal part of ageing and was not perceived as requiring medical care. Thus, primary health physicians rarely saw this condition in their clinical work, but community health workers frequently recognized individuals with dementia. Depression was a common presentation in primary care, but infrequently diagnosed. Both late-life mental disorders were attributed to abuse, neglect, or lack of love on the part of children towards a parent. There was evidence that the system of family care and support for older persons was less reliable than has been claimed. Care was often conditional upon the child's expectation of inheriting the parent's property. Care for those with dependency needs was almost entirely family-based with little or no formal services. Unsurprisingly, fear for the future, and in particular ‘dependency anxiety’ was commonplace among older Goans. Conclusions. There is a need to raise awareness about mental disorders in late-life in the community and among health professionals, and to improve access to appropriate health care for the elderly with mental illness. The study suggests directions for the future development of locally appropriate support services, such as involving the comprehensive network of community health workers.
European survey on the opinion and use of micronutrition in age-related macular degeneration: 10 years on from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study

Purpose To evaluate ophthalmologists’ opinion of, and use of, micronutritional dietary supplements 10 years after publication of the first Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) study. Methods Participation was solicited from 4,000 European ophthalmologists. Responding physicians were screened, and those treating at least 40 patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) per month and prescribing nutrition supplements at least 4 times per month were admitted and completed a 40-item questionnaire. Results The surveyed sample included 112 general ophthalmologists and 104 retinal specialists. Most nutritional supplements (46%) were initiated when early/intermediate AMD was confirmed, although 18% were initiated on confirmation of neovascular AMD. Clinical studies were well known: 90% were aware of AREDS, with 88% aware of AREDS1 and 36% aware of the, as-yet-unpublished, AREDS2 studies. Respondents considered lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, omega-3, and vitamins to be the most important components of nutritional supplements, with the results of AREDS2 already having been taken into consideration by many. Ophthalmologists anticipate more scientific studies as well as improved product quality but identify cost as a barrier to wider uptake. Conclusion Micronutrition is now part of the routine management of AMD for many ophthalmologists. Ophthalmologists choosing to use nutritional supplements are well-informed regarding current scientific studies.
Measurement‐Based Interactive Simulation of Viscoelastic Solids

Animation of viscoelastic solids in entertainment and medical applications as well as scientific simulation can be improved through observations of real world objects. This paper presents a method for simulating viscoelastic solids in real‐time for visual and haptic display along with a method for determining the parameters of the the underlying model from automated physical measurements of real world objects. The viscoelastic model is a novel extension of the discrete Green's function matrix for linear elasticity, which combines static behavior represented by Green's functions with dynamic behavior expressed by differential equations inspired by particle systems. We describe a novel estimation method of dynamic contact behavior for heterogeneous complex objects based on these measurements. For this estimation, our method relies only on measurement data previously used in the acquisition less realistic elastostatic models. In this way our method allows more physically accurate realism in animation of viscoelastic solids without large additional computational costs or any measurements besides those associated with related methods for elastostatic solids.
Perception Differences between the Depressed and Non-Depressed Users in Twitter

One's state of mind will influence her perception of the world and people within it. In this paper, we explore attitudes and behaviors toward online social media based on whether one is depressed or not. We conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 14 active Twitter users, half of whom were depressed and the other half non-depressed. Our results highlight key differences between the two groups in terms of perception towards online social media and behaviors within such systems. Non-depressed individuals perceived Twitter as an information consuming and sharing tool, while depressed individuals perceived it as a tool for social awareness and emotional interaction. We discuss several design implications for future social networks that could better accommodate users with depression and provide insights towards helping depressed users meet their needs through online social media.
Negation as a Crosslinguistic Structure in a German-English Bilingual Child

The present study looks at a particular type of cross-linguistic structures in bilingual children, namely those that conform to one language with regard to the application of grammar rules but contain lexical items mainly from the other language. In a broader context, these structures constitute a particular type of contact between the two languages of a bilingual, which has been described as language mixing (Lanza 1997).
Wishes and expectations of alcoholic patients concerning their therapy.

AIM To assess the wishes and expectations of alcoholic patients concerning their therapy. METHODS 227 alcohol-dependent patients from three sites in two cities in Germany completed a questionnaire about their aspirations for the outcome (20 items) and their expectations about the elements (23 items) of treatment. RESULTS Some components of treatment were equally important to men and women (a life without alcohol, individual sessions during therapy). Women attached more importance than men to 'strengthening of self-esteem' and 'an environment of tranquillity and security'. Most patients in this study were aware of their alcohol dependence, which limits the generalizability of these results to patients at earlier stages of recovery. CONCLUSION Patients request individual, patient-oriented treatment. Some differences in expectations between men and women suggest that a gendered approach in treatment could mean an increase in patients' satisfaction, and thus a decrease in drop-outs.
Specific Chaperones for the Type VII Protein Secretion Pathway*

Background: Pathogenic mycobacteria use the type VII secretion systems (T7SS) ESX-1 and ESX-5 to secrete virulence factors, but it is unknown how these systems recognize their cognate substrates. Results: Pulldowns identified specific interactions between cytosolic components of ESX-1 and ESX-5 and subsets of cognate substrates. Conclusion: T7SS substrates interact with associated cytosolic secretion system components. Significance: Cytosolic chaperones contribute to system specificity in T7SS. Mycobacteria use the dedicated type VII protein secretion systems ESX-1 and ESX-5 to secrete virulence factors across their highly hydrophobic cell envelope. The substrates of these systems include the large mycobacterial PE and PPE protein families, which are named after their characteristic Pro-Glu and Pro-Pro-Glu motifs. Pathogenic mycobacteria secrete large numbers of PE/PPE proteins via the major export pathway, ESX-5. In addition, a few PE/PPE proteins have been shown to be exported by ESX-1. It is not known how ESX-1 and ESX-5 recognize their cognate PE/PPE substrates. In this work, we investigated the function of the cytosolic protein EspG5, which is essential for ESX-5-mediated secretion in Mycobacterium marinum, but for which the role in secretion is not known. By performing protein co-purifications, we show that EspG5 interacts with several PPE proteins and a PE/PPE complex that is secreted by ESX-5, but not with the unrelated ESX-5 substrate EsxN or with PE/PPE proteins secreted by ESX-1. Conversely, the ESX-1 paralogue EspG1 interacted with a PE/PPE couple secreted by ESX-1, but not with PE/PPE substrates of ESX-5. Furthermore, structural analysis of the complex formed by EspG5 and PE/PPE indicates that these proteins interact in a 1:1:1 ratio. In conclusion, our study shows that EspG5 and EspG1 interact specifically with PE/PPE proteins that are secreted via their own ESX systems and suggests that EspG proteins are specific chaperones for the type VII pathway.
Opioids inhibit endothelin-mediated DNA synthesis, phosphoinositide turnover, and Ca2+ mobilization in rat C6 glioma cells

Opioid agonists inhibit DNA synthesis in C6 rat glioma cells that express opioid receptors, induced by desipramine (DMI). This inhibition was not observed in cells that were not treated with DMI, and thus did not express opioid-binding sites. Endothelin, a known mitogen, increased thymidine incorporation dose dependently (up to 1.7-fold) in DMI-treated C6 cells. This increase was reversed by an anti-idiotypic antibody to opioid receptors, Ab2AOR, which has opioid agonist properties. The opioid antagonist naltrexone blocked the inhibition caused by Ab2AOR. Endothelin also stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and this effect was inhibited by morphine (50%) or by Ab2AOR (72%) in DMI-treated but not in DMI-untreated C6 cells. These actions of morphine and Ab2AOR were reversed by naltrexone. The inhibition of PI turnover and of thymidine incorporation by Ab2AOR or morphine was insensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX). Since PI turnover is known to induce Ca2+ mobilization, it was of interest to examine the effects of the applied opioids on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Endothelin increased the concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+ in the cells while Ab2AOR, morphine, and beta-endorphin reversed the endothelin-induced Ca2+ mobilization in DMI-treated but not in DMI-untreated C6 cells. The effect of these agonists was also blocked by naltrexone. The results indicate that glial cells can be a target of an opioid receptor- mediated antimitogenic action and that an abatement in PI turnover and Ca2+ mobilization may be associated with this mechanism.
Cross-Border Earnings of Mexican Workers Across the US–Mexico Border

ABSTRACT This article studies the evolution of the earnings obtained by Mexican-born workers that live in Mexico but work in the US, with respect to the earnings obtained by Mexican-born workers that reside in Mexico in municipalities adjacent to the United States. Between 2000 and 2010 there was a significant decline in the quantity of cross-border workers, followed by a slight increase between 2010 and 2015. The study shows that cross-border workers earn nearly double what similarly skilled non-cross border workers earn, where these differentials are accentuated among women and the low-educated. Given that the two groups have similar human capital levels, the earnings gap is mainly a result of the different returns to their productivity related characteristics they receive in the US and Mexican labor markets, respectively. Besides their higher earnings, cross-border workers also have shorter workweeks and are more likely to be male, married and salaried employees.
Parallelizing generalized one-dimensional bin packing problem using MapReduce

Bin packing problem is one amongst the major problems which need attention in this era of distributed computing. In this optimization is attained by packing a set of items in as fewer bins as possible. Its application can vary from placing data on multiple disks to jobs scheduling, packing advertisements in fixed length radio/TV station breaks etc. The efforts have been put to parallelize the bin packing solution with the well-known programming model, MapReduce which is highly supportive for distributed computing over large cluster of computers. Here we have proposed two different algorithms using two different approaches, for parallelizing generalized bin packing problem. The results obtained were tested on the hadoop cluster organization and complexities were estimated thereafter. It is found that working on the problem set in parallel results in significant time efficient solutions for Bin Packing Problem.
Moral Reasoning in Children with Focal Brain Insults to Frontotemporal Regions

Neuroscientific evidence indicates that human social functioning is supported by a distributed network of frontal and temporal brain regions that undergoes significant development during childhood and adolescence. Clinical studies of individuals with early brain insults (EBI) to frontotemporal regions suggest that such lesions may interfere with the maturation of sociocognitive skills and lead to increased sociobehavioural problems. However, little attention has focussed on the direct assessment of sociocognitive skills, such as moral reasoning, following focal EBI. In the present study, the performance of 15 patients with focal EBI (8–16 years) was compared to that of 15 demographically matched controls on basic neuropsychological measures (IQ and executive functions), sociocognitive tasks (moral reasoning, moral decision-making and empathy) and parent reports of sociobehavioural problems and social adaptive skills. Patients with focal EBI had significantly lower levels of moral reasoning maturity, moral decision-making, and empathy than their matched controls, but did not differ on more general measures of cognition. Their parents also reported increased sociobehavioural problems. These findings suggest that focal EBI to frontotemporal regions can result in reduced sociocognitive capacities, more specifically moral reasoning, and increased vulnerability to sociobehavioural problems.
Bounds on dark matter from the “atmospheric neutrino anomaly”

Bounds are derived on the cross section, flux, and energy density of new particles that may be responsible for the atmospheric neutrino anomaly: ${4.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}45\mathrm{}}{\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{2}{l\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}l2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}34}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}. $ The decay of primordial homogeneous dark matter can be excluded.
PENGGUNAAN METODE SIMULASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN LITERASI INFORMASI IPS BAGI MAHASISWA PGSD

Abstrak . Mata pelajaran IPS di Sekolah Dasar dikembangkan sebagai mata pelajaran terintegrasi atau integrative social studies , bukan sebagai pendidikan disiplin ilmu. Tantangan yang dihadapi peserta didik saat ini adalah banyak dan beragamnya masalah-masalah sosial yang harus dihadapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, oleh sebab itu pembelajaran IPS bertujuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial. Namun, mengingat perkembangan siswa SD yang masih dalam tingkat berpikir kongkrit maka disarankan pembelajaran IPS SD menggunakan contoh-contoh masalah sosial yang kongkrit dan yang mungkin melibatkan pengalaman-pengalaman siswa SD secara langsung. Namun dalam kenyataannya berdasarkan wawancara pada guru-guru SD di kota Serang masih banyak ditemukan kesulitan dalam mengajarkan IPS. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa kemampuan guru-guru di SD belum sesuai dengan tuntutan tujuan pembelajaran IPS. Oleh sebab itu penting kiranya mahasiswa PGSD semester V sebagai calon tenaga pendidik dibekali pengalaman dengan metode simulasi guna mengembangkan literasi informasi pada pembelajaran IPS yang menunjang pada pengembangan karir profesionalnya nanti. Kata kunci: metode simulasi, literasi informasi IPS, dan mahasiswa A bstra ct . Social studies in elementary school subjects developed as an integrated or integrative social studies, not as educational disciplines. The challenges facing students today are many and varied social problems that must be faced in everyday life, so learning IPS aims to develop social skills. However, considering the development of elementary school students who are still in the level of concrete thinking it is advisable elementary social studies learning using examples of concrete social problems and that may involve experiences elementary students directly. But in reality based on the interviews of the teachers in the city of Serang there are still many difficulties in teaching social studies. This shows that the ability of teachers in primary schools do not correspond with the demands of learning objectives IPS. Therefore, it is important PGSD fifth semester students as prospective educators equipped experience with simulation methods in order to develop information literacy in social studies learning that support the development of professional career later Keywords: Simulation method, Sosial science information literacy, and Student
Predictors of Anxiety Persistence in Children and Adolescents Receiving Outpatient Mental Health Services

KARPENKO, VERONIKA V. , M.S., November 2006, Clinical Psychology PREDICTORS OF ANXIETY PERSISTENCE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS RECEIVING OUTPATIENT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES (119 pp.) Director of Thesis: Benjamin M. Ogles Clinical and demographic variables were used to predict anxiety persistence at a 1 year follow–up in children and adolescents receiving outpatient mental health services. Anxiety persistence was defined in two ways: presence of anxiety diagnoses and smaller internalizing change scores. Extensions upon previous studies included a dimensional measure of outcome, a large sample of African Americans, and two gender interactions. Analyses were conducted on three samples (parent, child, and agency worker) that overlapped only to some degree. The presence of primary anxiety diagnoses at a 1 year follow-up was predicted by older age (youth sample), Caucasian ethnicity (agency worker sample), and higher internalizing scores at intake (agency worker sample). The greatest predictor of smaller change scores was lower levels of internalizing symptoms at intake. Results of the current study can be generalized to outpatient mental health
Evaluating Semantic Browsers for Consuming Linked Data

The value of a single dataset is increased when it is linked to combinations of datasets to provide users with more information. Linked Data is a style of publishing data on the Web by using a structured machine-readable format, RDF, and semantically typed relations to connect related data. Its structured representation opens up new possibilities in the way these data can be accessed and queried, while posing new design challenges for human interactions such as overloading data, navigation style, or browsing mechanism. In this paper, we review 14 semantic browsers available for the consumption of structured Linked Data and evaluate them against our five criteria framework in order to establish how well these browsers bring the benefit of Linked Data to human users.
Diel phosphorus variation and the stoichiometry of ecosystem metabolism in a large spring-fed river

Elemental cycles are coupled directly and indirectly to ecosystem metabolism at multiple time scales. Understanding coupling in lotic ecosystems has recently advanced through simultaneous high-frequency measurements of multiple solutes. Using hourly in situ measurements of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), specific conductance (SpC), and dissolved oxygen (DO), we estimated phosphorus (P) retention pathways and dynamics in a large (discharge, Q ≈ 7.5 m3/s) spring-fed river (Ichetucknee River, Florida, USA). Across eight multi-day deployments, highly regular diel SRP variation of 3–9 μg P/L (mean ∼50 μg P/L) was strongly correlated with DO variation, suggesting photosynthetic control directly via assimilation, and/or indirectly via geochemical reactions. Consistent afternoon SRP maxima and midnight minima suggest peak removal lags gross primary production (GPP) by ∼8 hours. Two overlapping processes were evident, one dominant with maximum removal near midnight, the other smaller with maximum removal near m.
The Dominant Australian Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clone ST93-IV [2B] Is Highly Virulent and Genetically Distinct

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) USA300 has spread rapidly across North America, and CA-MRSA is also increasing in Australia. However, the dominant Australian CA-MRSA strain, ST93-IV [2B] appears distantly related to USA300 despite strikingly similar clinical and epidemiological profiles. Here, we compared the virulence of a recent Australian ST93 isolate (JKD6159) to other MRSA, including USA300, and found that JKD6159 was the most virulent in a mouse skin infection model. We fully sequenced the genome of JKD6159 and confirmed that JKD6159 is a distinct clone with 7616 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distinguishing this strain from all other S. aureus genomes. Despite its high virulence there were surprisingly few virulence determinants. However, genes encoding α-hemolysin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and α-type phenol soluble modulins were present. Genome comparisons revealed 32 additional CDS in JKD6159 but none appeared to encode new virulence factors, suggesting that this clone's enhanced pathogenicity could lie within subtler genome changes, such as SNPs within regulatory genes. To investigate the role of accessory genome elements in CA-MRSA epidemiology, we next sequenced three additional Australian non-ST93 CA-MRSA strains and compared them with JKD6159, 19 completed S. aureus genomes and 59 additional S. aureus genomes for which unassembled genome sequence data was publicly available (82 genomes in total). These comparisons showed that despite its distinctive genotype, JKD6159 and other CA-MRSA clones (including USA300) share a conserved repertoire of three notable accessory elements (SSCmecIV, PVL prophage, and pMW2). This study demonstrates that the genetically distinct ST93 CA-MRSA from Australia is highly virulent. Our comparisons of geographically and genetically diverse CA-MRSA genomes suggest that apparent convergent evolution in CA-MRSA may be better explained by the rapid dissemination of a highly conserved accessory genome from a common source.