Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E1 Detection as Prognosticator in Human Papillomavirus-Positive Head and Neck Cancers

Purpose HPV-related locally advanced head and neck cancers (LA-HNCs) show a good prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the HPV prevalence in LA-HNCs and compare the prognostic value of E1, E6 and L1 genomic viral fragments and p16, individually and in combination, in order to find the best prognosticator in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients and Methods HPV16 was searched in 255 LA-HNC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues, 89 oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs), and 166 non-OPCs by DNA-PCR with 3 primer pairs. p16 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 235 patients. Results The prevalence of positive samples decreased constantly from E6 to L1 and E1 in both OPCs and non-OPCs. Each LA-HNC patient highlighted variable positivity for each fragment. OPCs showed a higher prevalence of positive samples compared to non-OPCs. Positive coexistence of all the fragments was more common in OPCs (31.5%) than non-OPCs (4.2%), and E1 detection was always associated with E6 and L1. E1-positive OPCs showed improved OS (p = 0.012) and PFS (p = 0.036), while L1- or E6-positive ones did not. p16-positive patients were more prevalent in the OPC (29.8%) than the non-OPC group (7.3%) (p<0.0001) and its prognostic value was not superior to that of E1. However, the multivariate Cox analysis which included E1, L1, E6 status and p16 expression did not show a significant p value. Conclusions Though HPV16 positivity measured by DNA-PCR was higher for L1 and E6, they performed weakly as prognosticators; E1 might become a strong prognostic marker for OS and PFS in OPCs.
Regression for sets of polynomial equations

We propose a method called ideal regression for approximating an arbitrary system of polynomial equations by a system of a particular type. Using techniques from approximate computational algebraic geometry, we show how we can solve ideal regression directly without resorting to numerical optimization. Ideal regression is useful whenever the solution to a learning problem can be described by a system of polynomial equations. As an example, we demonstrate how to formulate Stationary Subspace Analysis (SSA), a source separation problem, in terms of ideal regression, which also yields a consistent estimator for SSA. We then compare this estimator in simulations with previous optimization-based approaches for SSA.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF EYE, OPTIC NERVE AND BRAIN IN A CASE OF DOMINANT OPTIC ATROPHY

Histopathology of eye, optic nerve and brain was performed in a patient with typical signs and symptoms of dominant optic atrophy. He belonged to a previously‐reported family of 152 members in which optic atrophy was demonstrable in 14 persons, and probably present in a further 8 cases. In the eyes, fibrosis of the retinal ganglion cell layer and disc was found. Ultra‐structural examination showed a few remaining cells in this layer, heavy fibrosis and in particular a highly condensed inner limiting membrane. The optic nerves, the optic chiasm and optic tracts showed an increased content of collagen tissue and a decreased number of neurofibrils and myelin sheaths. In the lateral geniculate body there was massive loss of ganglion cells, fibrillary gliosis and a great quantity of fine granular lipid in the cytoplasm of the ganglion cells. No changes in the calcarine cortex were observed. Examination of the intracranial part of both vestibulocochlear nerves showed a decreased number of neurofibrils and myelin sheaths.
Oil Price Elasticities and Oil Price Fluctuations

We study the identification of oil shocks in a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model of the oil market. First, we show that the cross-equation restrictions of a SVAR impose a nonlinear relation between the short-run price elasticities of oil supply and oil demand. This relation implies that seemingly plausible restrictions on oil supply elasticity may map into implausible values of the oil demand elasticity, and vice versa. Second, we propose an identification scheme that restricts these elasticities by minimizing the distance between the elasticities allowed by the SVAR and target values that we construct from a survey of relevant studies. Third, we use the identified SVAR to analyze sources and consequences of movements in oil prices. We find that (1) oil supply shocks and global demand shocks explain 50 and 35 percent of oil price fluctuations, respectively; (2) a drop in oil prices driven by supply shocks boosts economic activity in advanced economies, whereas it depresses economic activity in emerging economies; and (3) the selection of oil market elasticities is essential for understanding the source of oil price movements and to measuring the multipliers of oil prices on economic activity.
El Espanol. .. a distancia! : Developing a Technology-Based Distance Education Course for Intermediate Spanish

Many educators consider exposure to a foreign language as an inte gral part of undergraduate general education, not just within the liberal arts curriculum, but throughout a wide variety of disciplines. Methodologies for language instruction have changed radically over the past 30 years, evolving from the traditional, or "grammar trans lation," approach, through the audio-lingual method with its repeti tive practice drills, to contemporary communicative and proficiency based instruction. At the same time, there has been a boom in sec ond-language acquisition research, much of it focusing on class room acquisition (see Lee & VanPatten, 1995; Lightbown & Spada, 1993; Omaggio-Hadley, 1993; Savignon, 1983). These new approaches to and perspectives on foreign language teaching parallel continuing reassessments of the role of general education in the university curriculum. Language departments typically participate in general education programs, not only by providing students with linguistic training, but also by offering courses on culture and civilization, film, and literature in transla tion. In this way, the foreign language component of the general education curriculum helps university students to become more aware of the positive aspects of cultural diversity.
The politics of narrating social entrepreneurship

Purpose - Responding to recent pleas both to critically analyze and to conceptually advance social entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the political “unconscious” operates in the narration of social entrepreneurship and how it poses a limit to alternative forms of thinking and talking. Design/methodology/approach - To move the field beyond a predominantly monological way of narrating, various genres of narrating social entrepreneurship are identified, critically discussed and illustrated against the backdrop of development aid. Findings - The paper identifies and distinguishes between a grand narrative that incorporates a messianistic script of harmonious social change, counter-narratives that render visible the intertextual relations that interpellate the grand narration of social entrepreneurship and little narratives that probe novel territories by investigating the paradoxes and ambivalences of the social. Practical implications - The paper suggests a minor understanding and non-heroic practice of social entrepreneurship guided by the idea of “messianism without a messiah. ” Originality/value - The paper suggests critical reflexivity as a way to analyze and multiply the circulating narrations of social entrepreneurship.
Axonal Damage But No Increased Glial Cell Activity in the Normal-Appearing White Matter of Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndromes Suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis Using High-Field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MR spectroscopy) is a well-established method for the in vivo investigation of the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Metabolic changes in NAWM are of special interest in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of MS regarding further prognostic classifications. The purpose of this study was to investigate metabolic alterations in NAWM in patients with CIS with use of high-field 1H-MR spectroscopy and to compare the results to those in patients with an early course of MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With use of a 3T whole-body MR imaging system, single-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy (PRESS; TR: 2000 ms; TE: 38 ms and 140 ms) of the parietal NAWM was performed in 20 control subjects, 36 patients with CIS, and 12 patients with MS. Metabolite ratios and concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), myo-inositol (mIns), choline, and total creatine (tCr) were determined. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, mean NAWM mIns concentrations were significantly elevated in the MS group (4.56 mmol/L versus 3.75 mmol/L, P = .02) but not in the CIS group (4.04 mmol/L, P = .44). The higher concentration of mIns in the MS group was also reflected in the increased Ins/tCr ratio (P = .02). The mean NAWM tNAA was significantly decreased in both patient groups compared with the control group (CIS, 13.42 mmol/L, P = .02; MS, 12.77 mmol/L versus 14.51 mmol/L, P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase of the activity of the glial cells can only be observed in patients with an established diagnosis of MS but not in patients with CIS. Axonal damage occurs already during the first demyelinating episode in patients with CIS as well as in patients with definite MS.
Are implicit memory deficits in the elderly due to differences in explicit memory processes

Abstract We report an experiment that examined the cause of the memory deficit observed in elderly subjects on implicit tests of memory. Young and elderly subjects studied visually and auditorily presented words under semantic and nonsemantic encoding conditions. Following the study phase, memory was tested with auditory and visual word fragment completion tasks. Elderly subjects' priming scores were significantly lower than young subjects' scores. More importantly, it was observed that whereas young subjects showed an advantage of semantic encoding over nonsemantic encoding, elderly subjects did not. Furthermore, the benefit of a study-test match in sensory modality was reduced in elderly subjects. These results indicate that the implicit memory deficit in elderly subjects is attributable to deficiencies in both implicit and explicit memory processes.
Ethics and the obstruction of social justice for Maori and Pasifika (Pacific Islands) students in tertiary institutions in Aotearoa (New Zealand)

The student diversity in universities in Aotearoa 1 (New Zealand) challenges these institutions to attain more equitable outcomes particularly for indigenous groups and ethnic minorities. In New Zealand, current Government policies favour strategies aimed at increasing the academic achievement of Maori 2 and Pasifika 3 communities and offer financial support to institutions to do so. This paper examines the opposition by academic staff within a university to the implementation of an intervention within one such strategy, on the basis that the intervention, an extra tutorial specifically for Maori and Pasifika students, was unethical. The paper argues that withholding opportunities to improve the academic progress of traditionally marginalized groups maintain existing inequalities and is an obstruction of social justice.
Ebulin from Dwarf Elder (Sambucus ebulus L.): A Mini-Review

Sambucus ebulus L. (dwarf elder) is a medicinal plant, the usefulness of which also as food is restricted due to its toxicity. In the last few years, both the chemistry and pharmacology of Sambucus ebulus L. have been investigated. Among the structural and functional proteins present in the plant, sugar-binding proteins (lectins) with or without anti-ribosomal activity and single chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) have been isolated. RIPs are enzymes (E.C. 3.2.2.22) that display N-glycosidase activity on the 28S rRNA subunit, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis by arresting the step of polypeptide chain elongation. The biological role of all these proteins is as yet unknown. The evidence suggests that they could be involved in the defense of the plant against predators and viruses or/and a nitrogen store, with an impact on the nutritional characteristics and food safety. In this mini-review we describe all the isoforms of ebulin that have to date been isolated from dwarf elder, as well as their functional characteristics and potential uses, whilst highlighting concern regarding ebulin toxicity.
A Study of the Sexual Life in Psychoses Associated with Childbirth

1. Fifty cases of psychosis, occurring in association with childbirth, were studied with special reference to the sexual life, and compared with 50 cases of psychosis in married women of approximately the same age-period where the puerperium was not the precipitating factor. 2. No material differences were revealed in the pre-psychotic sexual life of the two groups. 3. Persistent frigidity cannot be reckoned a distinctive or even constant feature of the sexual constitution of the cases in the puerperal group. 4. As a corollary of the above, no clue as to prognosis or likelihood of development of a puerperal psychosis can be obtained from a study of the sexual life alone, and frigidity in particular forms no guide. 5. Masturbation and eroticism were only slightly commoner in the puerperal group, and cannot be regarded as characteristic or even particularly common features of the group. In the whole series of 100 cases masturbation only occurred in eight. 6. Masturbation itself as a symptom, even in a setting of clear consciousness, cannot be regarded as necessarily of evil prognostic import. 7. The attitude to both husband and child in puerperal psychoses is inconstant, and aversion to either or both is by no means constantly or even very frequently found. The figures relating to previous attacks, taken in conjunction with those on the pre-psychotic sexual life, fail to support the view that the onset of a psychosis associated with childbirth is a product of a morbid sexual constitution, with the puerperium, acting as a specific precipitating factor. The latter must be regarded in the same way as any other precipitating factor whatever.
Predicting Psychotherapy Utilization for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

The purpose of this study was to create hypotheses that would serve as predicting variables in the planning of psychotherapeutic treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Twenty psychiatric inpatients were treated with psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy for 6 weeks with the aim of clarifying, planning, and preparing them for outpatient psychotherapy. The authors investigated anxiety, aggression, interpersonal problems, and self-concept before and after inpatient treatment. Nine patients engaged in further outpatient psychotherapy. Significant predictors for engaging in further treatment were female gender, strong subjective perception of interpersonal problems, and generalized negative self-concept of own capacities. High reactive readiness for aggression and thorough conviction of self-efficacy had predictive value for nonengagement in further psychotherapy. Correlations between aggression and increased capability of one's self and severe interpersonal problems were found only in psychotherapy nonusers. Results emphasize the importance of acknowledging mechanisms of destruction, attachment, and mentalization in initial psychotherapy planning.
Seasonal immunohistochemical reactivity of S‐100 and α‐smooth muscle actin proteins in the epididymis of dromedary camel, Camelus dromedarius

The S‐100 and alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) proteins have been localised in epididymal tissue of several mammalian species, but there have been no data for a seasonal work in camel. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoreactivities of S‐100 and α‐SMA proteins in the epididymis of dromedary camel during breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The immunopositive signals for both proteins were observed in different regions of camel epididymis. S‐100‐immunopositive signals were noted in both the epididymal epithelium and the intertubular connective tissue, while α‐SMA signals were confined to the intertubular connective tissue, especially in the peritubular smooth muscle coat and the blood vessels. This study showed an increase in the intensity of S‐100 and α‐SMA immunoreactions during the breeding season in different regions of camel epididymis than that seen in the nonbreeding season. In conclusion, epididymis might be considered as a source of S‐100 and α‐SMA proteins in the camel and the secretion of these proteins showed distinct seasonal variations. Further, S‐100 and α‐SMA may affect the structural and physiological states of the epididymal duct.
Major Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Overweight and Obesity Among Iranian Children

Background: Increasing prevalence of obesity is a major health concern. Lifestyle behaviors and diet play an important role in developing childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between major dietary patterns and overweight/obesity in a group of Iranian school-aged children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran with 637 elementary school-aged children. A semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Data on socio-demographic, physical activity and other lifestyle habits were collected using standard questionnaires. Obesity was determined based on national cut-offs. Factor analysis was used for identifying major dietary patterns. Results: Three major dietary patterns were extracted; “Healthy,” “Western,” and “Sweet-Dairy. ” After adjusting for confounders, girls in the second quartile of healthy pattern, were more likely to be overweight (odds ratio [OR] =2.23, Confidence intervals [CI] =1.003, 4.96) compared to those in the highest quartile. Likelihood of being overweight was lower for girls in the second quartile of western dietary pattern versus the fourth quartile (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.21, 1.01). Accordingly, lower adherence to sweet and dairy pattern was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) among girls (OR = 0.42, CI = 0.21, 0.85). There was no significant relationship between western and sweet-dairy pattern with BMI among boys, however, significant association was observed between lowest and highest quartiles of healthy pattern (OR = 0.36, CI = 0.15, 0.84). Conclusions: We found significant associations between the three dietary patterns and obesity among girls. Only healthy pattern was related to weight status of schoolboys. Longitudinal studies will be needed to confirm these associations.
Re-inventing adherence: toward a patient-centered model of care for drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV.

BACKGROUND Despite renewed focus on molecular tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and new antimycobacterial agents, treatment outcomes for patients co-infected with drug-resistant TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain dismal, in part due to lack of focus on medication adherence as part of a patient-centered continuum of care. OBJECTIVE To review current barriers to drug-resistant TB-HIV treatment and propose an alternative model to conventional approaches to treatment support. DISCUSSION Current national TB control programs rely heavily on directly observed therapy (DOT) as the centerpiece of treatment delivery and adherence support. Medication adherence and care for drug-resistant TB-HIV could be improved by fully implementing team-based patient-centered care, empowering patients through counseling and support, maintaining a rights-based approach while acknowledging the responsibility of health care systems in providing comprehensive care, and prioritizing critical research gaps. CONCLUSION It is time to re-invent our understanding of adherence in drug-resistant TB and HIV by focusing attention on the complex clinical, behavioral, social, and structural needs of affected patients and communities.
‘Super-mothers’: the meaning of mothering after assisted reproductive technology

Objective: The objective was to explore mothers’ experiences after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Background: The experience of mothering in women after assisstive reproductions has not been fully understood. Study design: An interpretive phenomenology approach was used to conduct the study. Participants: A purposive sample of nine mothers who had babies through ART participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Findings: ‘Super-mothering’ was the main theme emerging from the data, describing mothers who wanted to be exceptional by performing all of their mothering responsibilities without fatigue or exhaustion and who were ready to do everything in their power to support the child. This theme incorporates four sub-themes: (1) over-care; (2) over-protection; (3) over-emotional investment; and (4) over-expectation of themselves and others. Conclusion: The challenge to be a mother through ART is a stressful phenomenon, particularly so for the majority who are also first-time mothers. Healthcare professionals need to consider the concept of super-mothering in trying to understand and care effectively for this group.
An Examination of the Structure and Stability of Early Maladaptive Schemas by Means of the Young Schema Questionnaire-3

The Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) assesses early maladaptive schemas (EMS) that underlie a variety of psychological disorders. Since its creation by Young, several versions of this questionnaire have been developed. The Young Schema Questionnaire-3 (YSQ-3; Young, 2006) adds three new schemas (approval-seeking, punitiveness, and pessimism/negativity) in addition to the previous versions. This study examines the structure, consistency, stability, and concurrent validity of the YSQ-3 in a sample of Spanish students (n = 971, 54% females). The participants completed the YSQ-3 together with measures of depression, social anxiety, and hostility. A subsample of 351 was followed up 6 months later. The results support the structure of 18 EMS for the YSQ-3. However, the results for the second-order structure are mixed. Whereas the disconnection and rejection and the impaired autonomy domains are well supported, evidence for the other domains is limited, and results suggest that these domains may be integrated in.
Influences on the Architecture of Human Resource Management in Nonprofit Organizations

Human resource management (HRM) plays an important role in providing better management for nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Yet little is known about what influences their human resource practices. After discussing how the strategic and human-resource-based theoretical approaches are appropriate for analyzing HRM in NPOs, the authors explore the current nonprofit literature to identify the specific characteristics of strategic orientations and human resources in NPOs. As a result, the authors propose an analytical framework that is differentiated into four HRM types. This framework enables a better understanding of the relationship between the specific characteristics of NPOs and the architecture of HRM.