Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
News media and the racialization of protest: an analysis of Black Lives Matter articles

The purpose of this paper is to examine coverage of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in seven US-based newspapers to determine whether the protest paradigm, “a pattern of news coverage that expresses disapproval toward protests and dissent,” and other marginalizing techniques are present, and racialized. ,Relevant articles published during a six-month period of 2014 near the death of Michael Brown were retrieved from the selected outlets, including the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and the St Louis Post-Dispatch. Textual and content analyses were performed. ,The articles heavily followed the paradigm. An additional characteristic, blame attribution, was also identified. Language of crime, lawlessness, violence, blame for nearby acts of violence, and inflammatory quotes from bystanders and official sources were often present. There was little discussion of key issues associated with the formation of BLM. ,Mainstream outlets rather than social media or alternative outlets were examined. Future research should study coverage of BLM in other outlets. ,Measures to avoid marginalizing protests and racialization of coverage, including increased diversity in the newsroom and monitoring for racialized language are suggested. ,Racialization of news and coverage of BLM has widespread negative consequences, such as association of Blacks with criminality that may affect their quality of life. The protest paradigm has the ability to squelch participation in social movements, which have the possibility to bring about needed social change. ,This interdisciplinary paper highlights the important role of mainstream media and news routines in affecting the BLM movement. It uses diversity research to make recommendations for media practitioners to avoid racialization of news.
Automatic generation of graph models for complex networks by genetic programming

Complex networks have attracted a large amount of research attention, especially over the past decade, due to their prevalence and importance in our daily lives. Numerous human-designed models have been proposed that aim to capture and model different network structures, for the purpose of improving our understanding the real-life phenomena and its dynamics in different situations. Groundbreaking work in genetics, medicine, epidemiology, neuroscience, telecommunications, social science and drug discovery, to name some examples, have directly resulted. Because the graph models are human made (a very time consuming process) using a small subset of example graphs, they often exhibit inaccuracies when used to model similar structures. This paper represents the first exploration into the use of genetic programming for automating the discovery and algorithm design of graph models, representing a totally new approach with great interdisciplinary application potential. We present exciting initial results that show the potential of GP to replicate existing complex network algorithms.
Primary cutaneous adenoid carcinoma of the scalp

Primary adenoid carcinoma are rare skin tumors. We present a 75-year-old female with this primary cutaneous tumor of the scalp with additional bone involvement. Wide scalp excision with bone enclosure, latissimus-dorsi-free-flap defect overage, and subsequent radiation slowed down the disease but could not prevent further skull infiltration.
Changing patterns of self-citation: cumulative inquiry or self-promotion?

Abstract Self-citations are a familiar, if sometimes controversial, element of academic knowledge construction and reputation-building, contributing to both the cumulative nature of academic research and helping writers to promote their scientific authority and enhance their careers. As scholarly publications become more specialized, more collaborative and more important for promotion and tenure, we might expect self-citation to play a more visible role in published research and this paper explores this possibility. Here we trace patterns of self-citation in papers from the same five journals in four disciplines at three time periods over the past 50 years, selected according to their impact ranking in 2015. We identify a large increase in self-citations although this is subject to disciplinary variation and tempered by a huge rise in citations overall, so that self-citation has fallen as a proportion of all citations. We attempt to account for these changes and give a rhetorical explanation for authorial practices.
Modified Atmosphere Systems and Shelf Life Extension of Fish and Fishery Products

This review aims at summarizing the findings of studies published over the past 15 years on the application of modified atmosphere (MA) systems for shelf life extension of fish and fishery products. This review highlights the importance of CO2 in the preservation of seafood products, and underscores the benefits of combining MA technology with product storage in the superchilled temperature range. It is generally accepted that MA technology cannot improve product quality and should not be utilized as a substitute for good sanitation and strict temperature control. Benefits derived from application of MA, however, can significantly impact preservation of product quality and it subsequent shelf-life. For this reason, this review is the first of its kind to propose detailed handling and quality guidelines for fresh fish to realize the maximum benefit of MA technology.
Emotional responsiveness in convicted fraudsters: a study on baseline activation of the anterior insula and its influence on moral decision-making

Abstract Low emotional responsiveness promotes utilitarian decision-making on moral dilemmas. Based on the assumption that fraudsters use their emotional competence to deceive their victims, their emotional responsiveness is not expected to be protective against utilitarian decision-making. The present study investigates the key role of emotional responsiveness in relation to moral decision-making in 11 imprisoned fraudsters, 10 imprisoned violent offenders, and 11 non-offenders. Participants’ neural baseline activation of bilateral anterior insula (AI) was used as an indicator for emotional responsiveness. Results indicate that fraudsters and non-offenders have a higher right AI baseline activation than violent offenders. Yet, fraudsters and violent offenders show a stronger tendency towards utilitarian decisions than non-offenders. The predictive power of AI baseline activation on moral decision-making reaches significance only for fraudsters. Results give evidence that fraudsters are highly sensitive to their emotional state of mind, which, contrary to our expectation, exerts a strong influence on their moral decisions.
Brain Characteristics of Individuals Resisting Age-Related Cognitive Decline over Two Decades

Some elderly appear to resist age-related decline in cognitive functions, but the neural correlates of successful cognitive aging are not well known. Here, older human participants from a longitudinal study were classified as successful or average relative to the mean attrition-corrected cognitive development across 15–20 years in a population-based sample (n = 1561). Fifty-one successful elderly and 51 age-matched average elderly (mean age: 68.8 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an episodic memory face–name paired-associates task. Successful older participants had higher BOLD signal during encoding than average participants, notably in the bilateral PFC and the left hippocampus (HC). The HC activation of the average, but not the successful, older group was lower than that of a young reference group (n = 45, mean age: 35.3 years). HC activation was correlated with task performance, thus likely contributing to the superior memory performance of successful older participants. The frontal BOLD response pattern might reflect individual differences present from young age. Additional analyses confirmed that both the initial cognitive level and the slope of cognitive change across the longitudinal measurement period contributed to the observed group differences in BOLD signal. Further, the differences between the older groups could not be accounted for by differences in brain structure. The current results suggest that one mechanism behind successful cognitive aging might be preservation of HC function combined with a high frontal responsivity. These findings highlight sources for heterogeneity in cognitive aging and may hold useful information for cognitive intervention studies.
Dynamic Cultural Influences on Neural Representations of the Self

People living in multicultural environments often encounter situations which require them to acquire different cultural schemas and to switch between these cultural schemas depending on their immediate sociocultural context. Prior behavioral studies show that priming cultural schemas reliably impacts mental processes and behavior underlying self-concept. However, less well understood is whether or not cultural priming affects neurobiological mechanisms underlying the self. Here we examined whether priming cultural values of individualism and collectivism in bicultural individuals affects neural activity in cortical midline structures underlying self-relevant processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biculturals primed with individualistic values showed increased activation within medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) during general relative to contextual self-judgments, whereas biculturals primed with collectivistic values showed increased response within MPFC and PCC during contextual relative to general self-judgments. Moreover, degree of cultural priming was positively correlated with degree of MPFC and PCC activity during culturally congruent self-judgments. These findings illustrate the dynamic influence of culture on neural representations underlying the self and, more broadly, suggest a neurobiological basis by which people acculturate to novel environments.
Idiosyncratic Gating of HERG-like K+ Channels in Microglia

A simple kinetic model is presented to explain the gating of a HERG-like voltage-gated K+ conductance described in the accompanying paper (Zhou, W., F.S. Cayabyab, P.S. Pennefather, L.C. Schlichter, and T.E. DeCoursey. 1998. J. Gen. Physiol. 111:781–794). The model proposes two kinetically distinct closing pathways, a rapid one favored by depolarization (deactivation) and a slow one favored by hyperpolarization (inactivation). The overlap of these two processes leads to a window current between −50 and +20 mV with a peak at −36 mV of ∼12% maximal conductance. The near absence of depolarization-activated outward current in microglia, compared with HERG channels expressed in oocytes or cardiac myocytes, can be explained if activation is shifted negatively in microglia. As seen with experimental data, availability predicted by the model was more steeply voltage dependent, and the midpoint more positive when determined by making the holding potential progressively more positive at intervals of 20 s (starting at −120 mV), rather than progressively more negative (starting at 40 mV). In the model, this hysteresis was generated by postulating slow and ultra-slow components of inactivation. The ultra-slow component takes minutes to equilibrate at −40 mV but is steeply voltage dependent, leading to protocol-dependent modulation of the HERG-like current. The data suggest that “deactivation” and “inactivation” are coupled through the open state. This is particularly evident in isotonic Cs+, where a delayed and transient outward current develops on depolarization with a decay time constant more voltage dependent and slower than the deactivation process observed at the same potential after a brief hyperpolarization.
Loss, Change, Adaptation: how people change when their lives do

Author(s): Hobbs, William | Advisor(s): Fowler, James H | Abstract: Many prominent theories in political science, and social science generally, argue that individuals are imprinted with behaviors and identities over the course of their lives. According to these theories, behaviors and identities persist due to internal, psychological consistency. Here, I argue that persistence in behavior, identity, and social interaction is often maintained by social networks, rather than individuals. Many day-to-day behaviors and identities would be constantly redefined and updated if there were reasons to do so. In other words, imprinting is often highly context specific, consistency in individuals is a property of stable social structures, and individuals can change very quickly when social networks around them allow or encourage it. The first paper in this dissertation ("Widowhood Effects in Voter Participation") studies why people are less likely to vote after their spouse dies. I show that a rapid, permanent drop in turnout is mostly not due to the trauma of the loss or a slowly declining interest in politics. Widows and widowers vote less because their spouse motivated them to vote. The second paper ("Partisan Attachment or Life Stability? ") argues that partisan affiliations are stable in the United States electorate because day-to-day lives do not change very much. When lives do change, people reconsider their partisanship and are more likely to change it. A central argument in this paper is that age is associated with increasing partisan stability only because life stability increases with age. The last paper ("Plasticity in Human Social Networks") characterizes social network adaptations after the death of a friend. I show that mutual friends become permanently closer to each other after the shared loss, recovering the same volume of interactions that was lost from the death. Younger people tend to contribute more to recovery than older, but older people contribute equally when a loss was sudden and unexpected. The observed recovery occurs in distinct, overlapping patterns and is mathematically similar to shock responses in small-scale biological networks.
Performance of SIFT based Video Retrieval

— Video has become an important element of multimedia computing and communication environments, with applications as varied as broadcasting, education, publishing and military intelligence. In Video Retrieval system, each video that is stored in the database has its features extracted and compared to the features of the query image. Proposed work is to retrieve video from the database by giving query as an object. Video is firstly converted into frames, these frames are then segmented and an object is separated from the image. Then features are extracted from object image by using SIFT features. Features of the video database obtained by the segmentation and feature extraction using SIFT feature are matched by Mahalanobis Distance. In this paper experiments are done on different samples of images. Result is also calculated after illumination changes in object.
Deep Variational Bayes Filters: Unsupervised Learning of State Space Models from Raw Data

We introduce Deep Variational Bayes Filters (DVBF), a new method for unsupervised learning and identification of latent Markovian state space models. Leveraging recent advances in Stochastic Gradient Variational Bayes, DVBF can overcome intractable inference distributions via variational inference. Thus, it can handle highly nonlinear input data with temporal and spatial dependencies such as image sequences without domain knowledge. Our experiments show that enabling backpropagation through transitions enforces state space assumptions and significantly improves information content of the latent embedding. This also enables realistic long-term prediction.
Convergence Dynamics of Stochastic Cohen–Grossberg Neural Networks With Unbounded Distributed Delays

This paper addresses the issue of the convergence dynamics of stochastic Cohen-Grossberg neural networks (SCGNNs) with white noise, whose state variables are described by stochastic nonlinear integro-differential equations. With the help of Lyapunov functional, semi-martingale theory, and inequality techniques, some novel sufficient conditions on pth moment exponential stability and almost sure exponential stability for SCGNN are given. Furthermore, as byproducts of our main results, some sufficient conditions for checking stability of deterministic CGNNs with unbounded distributed delays have been established. Especially, even when the spectral radius of the coefficient matrix is greater than 1, in some cases our theory is also effective.
The functional role of electrophysiological heterogeneity in the rabbit ventricle during rapid pacing and arrhythmias

Electrophysiological heterogeneity in action potential recordings from healthy intact hearts remains highly variable and, where present, is almost entirely abolished at fast pacing rates. Consequently, the functional importance of intrinsic action potential duration (APD) heterogeneity in healthy ventricles, and particularly its role during rapidly activating reentrant arrhythmias, remain poorly understood. By incorporating both transmural and apicobasal APD heterogeneity within a biventricular rabbit computational model and comparing with an equivalent homogeneous model, we directly investigated the functional importance of intrinsic APD heterogeneity under fast pacing and arrhythmogenic protocols. Although differences in APD were significantly modulated at the tissue level during pacing and further reduced as pacing frequency increased, small differences were still noticeable. Such differences were further marginally accentuated/attenuated via electrotonic effects relative to wavefront propagation directions. The remaining small levels of APD heterogeneity under the fastest pacing frequencies resulted in arrhythmia initiation via heterogeneous conduction block, in contrast to complete block in the homogeneous model. Such induction mechanisms were more evident during premature stimuli at slower paced rhythms where intrinsic heterogeneity remained to a greater degree. During sustained arrhythmias, however, intrinsic heterogeneity made little difference to overall reentrant behavior, either visually, or in terms of duration, metrics quantifying filament/phase singularity dynamics, and global electrocardiogram characteristics. These findings suggest that, despite being important during arrhythmia initiation, intrinsic electrophysiological heterogeneity plays little functional role during rapid pacing and sustained arrhythmia dynamics in the healthy ventricle and thus questions the need to incorporate such detail in computational models when simulating rapid arrhythmias.
A Hypervariable Region within the 3′ cis-Acting Element of the Murine Coronavirus Genome Is Nonessential for RNA Synthesis but Affects Pathogenesis

ABSTRACT The 3′ cis-acting element for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) RNA synthesis resides entirely within the 301-nucleotide 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the viral genome and consists of three regions. Encompassing the upstream end of the 3′ UTR are a bulged stem-loop and an overlapping RNA pseudoknot, both of which are essential to MHV and common to all group 2 coronaviruses. At the downstream end of the genome is the minimal signal for initiation of negative-strand RNA synthesis. Between these two ends is a hypervariable region (HVR) that is only poorly conserved between MHV and other group 2 coronaviruses. Paradoxically, buried within the HVR is an octanucleotide motif (oct), 5′-GGAAGAGC-3′, which is almost universally conserved in coronaviruses and is therefore assumed to have a critical biological function. We conducted an extensive mutational analysis of the HVR. Surprisingly, this region tolerated numerous deletions, rearrangements, and point mutations. Most striking, a mutant deleted of the entire HVR was only minimally impaired in tissue culture relative to the wild type. By contrast, the HVR deletion mutant was highly attenuated in mice, causing no signs of clinical disease and minimal weight loss compared to wild-type virus. Correspondingly, replication of the HVR deletion mutant in the brains of mice was greatly reduced compared to that of the wild type. Our results show that neither the HVR nor oct is essential for the basic mechanism of MHV RNA synthesis in tissue culture. However, the HVR appears to play a significant role in viral pathogenesis.
D-instantons and twistors: some exact results

We present some results on instanton corrections to the hypermultiplet moduli space in Calabi–Yau compactifications of type-II string theories. Previously, using twistor methods, only a class of D-instantons (D2-instantons wrapping A-cycles) was incorporated exactly and the rest was treated only linearly. We go beyond the linear approximation and give a set of holomorphic functions which, through a known procedure, capture the effect of D-instantons at all orders. Moreover, we show that for a sector where all instanton charges have vanishing symplectic invariant scalar product, the hypermultiplet metric can be computed explicitly.
Conflict between guideline methodologic quality and recommendation validity: a potential problem for practitioners.

BACKGROUND It is not clear if good methodologic quality in current practice guidelines necessarily leads to more valid recommendations, i.e., those that are supported with consistent research evidence or, when evidence is conflicting or lacking, with sufficient consensus among the guideline development team. To help clarify this issue, we assessed whether there is a link between methodologic quality and recommendation validity in practice guidelines for the use of laboratory tests in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We conducted a systematic review of data on laboratory tests in NSCLC published in English or in French within the last 10 years and retrieved 11 practice guidelines for the use of these tests. The guidelines were critically appraised and scored for methodologic quality and recommendation validity based on the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria and on the systematic review. RESULTS Overall, these 11 guidelines had considerable shortcomings in methodologic quality and, to a lesser extent, in recommendation validity. Practice guidelines with the best methodologic quality were not necessarily the most valid in their recommendations, and conversely. CONCLUSIONS Poor methodologic quality and lack of recommendation validity in laboratory medicine call for methodologic standards of guideline development and for international collaboration of guideline development agencies. We advise readers of guidelines to critically evaluate the methods used as well as the content of the recommendations before adopting them for use in practice.
Click chain model in web search

Given a terabyte click log, can we build an efficient and effective click model? It is commonly believed that web search click logs are a gold mine for search business, because they reflect users' preference over web documents presented by the search engine. Click models provide a principled approach to inferring user-perceived relevance of web documents, which can be leveraged in numerous applications in search businesses. Due to the huge volume of click data, scalability is a must. We present the click chain model (CCM), which is based on a solid, Bayesian framework. It is both scalable and incremental, perfectly meeting the computational challenges imposed by the voluminous click logs that constantly grow. We conduct an extensive experimental study on a data set containing 8.8 million query sessions obtained in July 2008 from a commercial search engine. CCM consistently outperforms two state-of-the-art competitors in a number of metrics, with over 9.7% better log-likelihood, over 6.2% better click perplexity and much more robust (up to 30%) prediction of the first and the last clicked position.