Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Interference Aligned User Selection in Multiuser MIMO Interference Channels

In this paper, we propose a practical interference alignment technique based on an opportunistic user selection in a three-user $2\times 2$ MIMO interference channel where no information is allowed to be shared among transmitters. In the proposed scheme, the user whose interference signals from other transmitters are most aligned with each other is selected at each transmitter. We also investigate optimal and suboptimal beamforming at the selected receiver using extra degrees of freedom by multiple receive antennas. The proposed opportunistic interference aligned user selection (OIAUS) schemes combined with various postprocessing vectors are shown to achieve notable capacity compared to conventional opportunistic user selection schemes while they significantly reduce not only the amount of feedback information but also computational complexity.
Treatment of fulminant acute Hepatitis B with nucles(t)id analogues is safe and does not lead to secondary chronification of Hepatitis B

Abstract Background: Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF), necessitating a high rate of emergency liver transplantation (LTx). Acute infection is followed by high viral replication rates leading to hepatocyte death and, ultimately, ALF. The objective of treating HBV-induced ALF thus is to eliminate, or significantly suppress, HBV replication and therefore reduce cell death and support regeneration. Objective: In this retrospective study, we want to evaluate the timing, the safety, and the long-term virological outcome of this approach. Methods/results: In this study, we included 32 patients (16 female and 16 males; median age 39.5 years) with ALF due to hepatitis B, who were transferred to the university hospital Essen, Germany between January 2009 and December 2013. Before treatment, transaminases were highly elevated, bilirubin was increased, and elevated international normalized ratio (INR) revealed impaired liver function. HBV-DNA and HBsAg were positive. All 32 patients received oral antiviral treatment (3 lamivudine, 21 entecavir, and 8 tenofovir) between 1 day and 4 months after diagnosis of acute hepatitis B. One patient died, 2 were transplanted, one died shortly after LTx the other patient survived after LTx. These 3 patients received treatment in a state of advanced liver failure, and 1 patient 4 months after initial diagnosis of hepatitis B. Twenty-nine patients survived without LTx. Five patients were discharged without further follow-up. All 24 remaining patients became HBV-DNA negative in median of 100 days. Twenty-two patients were followed further, and all patients lost their HBsAg in median of 108 days. Sixteen of the 22 patients experienced a seroconversion to anti-HBs in median of 137 days. Four patients who were followed for 1 more year after HBsAg did not develop anti-HBs. None of the patients developed chronic hepatitis B. Conclusion: Immediate treatment of HBV-induced ALF with nucleos(t)id-analogues (NUCs) appears save and prevents LTx and death, and there is no indication for increased chronicity.
Feature Level Fusion of Face and Signature Using a Modified Feature Selection Technique

The multimodal biometric which is a combination of two or more modalities of biometric is able to give more assurance for the securities of some systems. Feature level fusion has been shown to provide higher-performance accuracy and provide a more secure recognition system. In this paper, we propose a feature level fusion of face features which are the physical appearance of a person in image-based and the online handwritten signature features which are the behavioral characteristics of a person in dynamic-based. The problem of high dimensionality of the combined features is overcome by the used of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) in the feature extraction phase. One challenge in multi modal feature level fusion is to maintain the balance of the features selected between the two modalities, otherwise one modality may outweigh another. In order to address this issue, we propose to perform feature fusion in the feature selection phase. Feature selection using GA with modified fitness function is applied to the concatenated features in order to ensure that only significant and most balanced features are used for classification. Comparison of the performance of the proposed method with other approaches indicates the highest in the recognition accuracy of 97.50%.
Long‐term effects of microgravity on the swimming behaviour of young rats

The postnatal development of sensory systems has been shown in studies over the last four decades to be influenced by experience during critical periods of development. We report here that similar experience‐dependent development can be observed in the swimming behaviour of young rats reared from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P30 in the reduced gravitational field of low earth orbit. Animals flown in space when placed in the water on the day of landing maintained their head and forelimbs in a balanced posture. However, until the animals began to swim, their hindquarters showed little lateral postural control resulting in rotation about the longitudinal axis (60°± 4 deg). Such results suggest an ‘unlinking’ of postural control of the forequarters from the hindquarters in the early hours after landing. Similar instability seen in animals age‐matched to the day of launch (97 ± 7 deg) and in ground control animals (9 ± 3 deg) was corrected within one or two rotations, even in the absence of swimming. Animals flown in space began to swim sooner after being placed in the water, and the duration of swimming strokes was shorter than in control animals. Motion analysis revealed a difference in the swimming style on landing day. In flight animals, the knee joint was more flexed throughout the stroke, there was a narrower range of movement, and the linear velocity of the tip of the foot was faster throughout most of the stroke than in age‐matched control animals. Thus, posture in the water as well as swimming speed and style were altered in the animals flown in space. Some of these characteristics persisted for as long as the animals were followed (30 days). These included the short pre‐swimming interval and short stroke duration in flight animals. These findings clearly show that an altered gravitational field influences the postnatal development of motor function. The nature of the differences between animals reared in space for 16 days and those remaining on the ground reflects an adaptation of the flight animals to the microgravity environment. The data suggest that the most fundamental of these adaptations is a resetting of the basic motor rhythm to a higher frequency.
Recognition of polymorphic H-2 domains by T lymphocytes. I. Functional role of different H-2 domains for the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and determination of precursor frequencies

In the present communication, the repertoire of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) clones was quantitatively investigated by limiting dilution analysis and by target inhibition with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). These mAb have previously been shown to define two distinct alloantigenic domains, A and B, on the H-2Kk molecule. The Poisson distribution analysis of H-2Kk-specific CTL clones generated in a limiting dilution system revealed three CTL populations with different precursor frequencies. The high frequent population is suppressed by an unknown suppressive mechanism that allows less frequent CTL populations to become visible. Target inhibition studies with a panel of Kk-specific mAb showed that these CTL populations differ not only in their precursor frequency but also in their specificity for different H-2 epitopes on the Kk molecule. Thus clones of the high frequency population are almost exclusively specific for determinants within domain A. In contrast, the low frequency population displays predominant specificity for determinants of domain B, while the population with medium frequency is blocked equally well by mAb against either domains A or B. Each mAb blocked only a fraction of clones indicating that each CTL subpopulation may consist of a large number of clonotypes with specificity for different H-2 epitopes. The data suggest that CTL recognize basically the same polymorphic domains on the H-2Kk molecule defined by antibodies, and they show that regulatory mechanisms determine the expressed repertoire in CTL populations.
Is the spatial distribution of brain lesions associated with closed-head injury predictive of subsequent development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Analysis with brain-image database.

PURPOSE To determine whether there is an association between the spatial distribution of lesions detected at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain in children after closed-head injury and the development of secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data obtained from 76 children without prior history of ADHD were analyzed. MR images were obtained 3 months after closed-head injury. After manual delineation of lesions, images were registered to the Talairach coordinate system. For each subject, registered images and secondary ADHD status were integrated into a brain-image database, which contains depiction (visualization) and statistical analysis software. Using this database, we assessed visually the spatial distributions of lesions and performed statistical analysis of image and clinical variables. RESULTS Of the 76 children, 15 developed secondary ADHD. Depiction of the data suggested that children who developed secondary ADHD had more lesions in the right putamen than children who did not develop secondary ADHD; this impression was confirmed statistically. After Bonferroni correction, we could not demonstrate significant differences between secondary ADHD status and lesion burdens for the right caudate nucleus or the right globus pallidus. CONCLUSION Closed-head injury-induced lesions in the right putamen in children are associated with subsequent development of secondary ADHD. Depiction software is useful in guiding statistical analysis of image data.
Under Consideration for Publication in J. Functional Programming Mechanizing Metatheory in a Logical Framework

The LF logical framework codifies a methodology for representing deductive systems, such as programming languages and logics, within a dependently typed λ-calculus. In this methodology, the syntactic and deductive apparatus of a system is encoded as the canonical forms of associated LF types; an encoding is correct (adequate) if and only if it defines a compositional bijection between the apparatus of the deductive system and the associated canonical forms. Given an adequate encoding, one may establish metatheoretic properties of a deductive system by reasoning about the associated LF representation. The Twelf implementation of the LF logical framework is a convenient and powerful tool for putting this methodology into practice. Twelf supports both the representation of a deductive system and the mechanical verification of proofs of metatheorems about it. The purpose of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of the LF λ-calculus, the LF methodology for adequate representation, and the Twelf methodology for mechanizing metatheory. We begin by defining a variant of the original LF language, called Canonical LF, in which only canonical forms (long βη-normal forms) are permitted. This variant is parameterized by a subordination relation, which enables modular reasoning about LF representations. We then give an adequate representation of a simply typed λ-calculus in Canonical LF, both to illustrate adequacy and to serve as an object of analysis. Using this representation, we formalize and verify the proofs of some metatheoretic results, including preservation, determinacy, and strengthening. Each example illustrates a significant aspect of using LF and Twelf for formalized metatheory.
Pathologic Role and Temporal Appearance of Newly Emerging Autoepitopes in Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis1

Relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease model for multiple sclerosis. Myelin destruction during the initial relapsing phase of R-EAE in SJL mice initiated by immunization with the proteolipid protein (PLP) epitope PLP139–151 is associated with activation of T cells specific for the endogenous, non-cross-reactive PLP178–191 epitope (intramolecular epitope spreading), while relapses in R-EAE induced with the myelin basic protein (MBP) epitope MBP84–104 are associated with PLP139–151-specific responses (intermolecular epitope spreading). Here, we demonstrate that T cells specific for endogenous myelin epitopes play the major pathologic role in mediating clinical relapses. T cells specific for relapse-associated epitopes can serially transfer disease to naive recipients and are demonstrable in the CNS of mice with chronic R-EAE. More importantly, induction of myelin-specific tolerance to relapse-associated epitopes, by i.v. injection of ethylene carbodiimide-fixed peptide-pulsed APCs, either before disease initiation or during remission from acute disease effectively blocks the expression of the initial disease relapse. Further, blockade of B7-1-mediated costimulation with anti-B7-1 F(ab) during disease remission from acute PLP139–151-induced disease prevents clinical relapses by inhibiting activation of PLP178–191-specific T cells. The protective effects of anti-B7-1 F(ab) treatment are long-lasting and highly effective even when administered following the initial relapsing episode wherein spreading to a MBP epitope (MBP84–104) is inhibited. Collectively, these data indicate that epitope spreading is B7-1 dependent, plays a major pathologic role in disease progression, and follows a hierarchical order associated with the relative encephalitogenic dominance of the myelin epitopes (PLP139–151 > PLP178–191 > MBP84–104).
Explaining the Enigmatic Anchoring Effect: Mechanisms of Selective Accessibility

Results of 3 studies support the notion that anchoring is a special case of semantic priming; specifically, information that is activated to solve a comparative anchoring task will subsequently be more accessible when participants make absolute judgments. By using the logic of priming research, in Study 1 the authors showed that the strength of the anchor effect depends on the applicability of activated information. Study 2 revealed a contrast effect when the activated information was not representative for the absolute judgment and the targets of the 2 judgment tasks were sufficiently different. Study 3 demonstrated that generating absolute judgments requires more time when comparative judgments include an implausible anchor and can therefore be made without relevant target information that would otherwise be accessible.
Processing of Bistatic SAR Data From Quasi-Stationary Configurations

Standard synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing algorithms use analytically derived transfer functions in the 2D frequency and range/Doppler domains. These rely on the assumption of hyperbolic range histories of monostatic SARs with straight flight paths. For bistatic SARs, the range histories are no longer hyperbolic, and simple analytic transforms do not exist. This paper offers two solutions for bistatic SAR data processing under the restriction of quasi-stationarity, i.e., sufficiently equal velocity vectors of transmitter and receiver. 1) Moderately bistatic configurations can be handled satisfactorily by using hyperbolic range functions with a modified velocity parameter, which is a solution already well known for the accommodation of curved orbits in the monostatic case. This "equivalent velocity" approach is shown to be of surprising range of validity even for pronounced bistatic situations. It is not to be confused with the "equivalent monostatic flight path" approximation, which is shown to be inapplicable for any practical case. 2) With increasing separation of transmitter and receiver, the equivalent velocity approximation deteriorates. To cope with extreme bistatic configurations, a general approach named "NuSAR" is proposed, where the involved transfer functions are replaced by numerically computed ones. This paper describes how the transfer functions are computed from the given orbits and the shape of the Earth surface. In any of these two cases, the bistatic SAR data can be processed by standard SAR processors; only the conventional transfer functions need to be replaced. Neither are there time-domain prefocusing or post focusing steps required nor complicated mathematical expansions involved. The presented algorithms are also applicable to very high resolution wide-swath (or squinted) SARs on curved orbits.
XFC: A framework for eXploitable Fault Characterization in block ciphers

Fault attacks recover secret keys by exploiting faults injected during the execution of a block cipher. However, not all faults are exploitable and every exploitable fault is associated with an offline complexity to determine the key. The ideal fault attack would recover maximum key bits with minimum offine effort. Finding the ideal fault attack for a block cipher is a laborious manual task, which can take several months to years before such an attack is discovered. In this paper, we present a framework that would analyze block ciphers for their vulnerabilities to faults and automatically predict whether a differential fault attack would be successful. The framework, which we call XFC, uses colors to analyze the fault propagation and exploitability in the cipher. XFC would be able to (a) predict the key bits that can be derived by the fault attack and (b) estimate the offline complexity. It can thus be used to identify the ideal fault attack for a block cipher. As a proof of concept, we have applied XFC to the block ciphers AES, CLEFIA and SMS4 and were able to automatically derive fault attacks that correspond to the best known till date in the single fault model.
Can Neonatal Hepatitis Be More Fatal than Biliary Atresia?

Background/Aims: The basic problem in diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis (NC) is to differentiate biliary atresia (BA) from other non-obstructive disorders. Because if bile flow cannot be provided by surgery, BA leads to cirrhosis and death within the first year of life. The aim of the present study is to determine histopathological features that may help to differentiate BA from neonatal hepatitis (NH). Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 105 liver biopsy specimens of 74 infants with NC who were diagnosed between 2003 and 2012. Results: The mean age was 76.5 ± 40.64 days. The most valuable biopsy findings for the discrimination between NH and BA, in decreasing order of importance, were ductular proliferation (p < 0.001), cholestasis in neoductuli (p < 0.001), fibrosis (p = 0.002), and extramedullar hematopoiesis (p = 0.02). While Kasai operations were performed in 19 cases, liver transplantation was performed in 10 cases. Survival rate among the death cases with BA was longer than the survival time of the death cases with NH (p = 0.023). Currently more children live with a close to normal quality of life with portoenterostomy and/or liver transplantation. On the contrary, NH can be more fatal with associated disorders such as growth retardation, specific infections, respiratory distress, and metabolic or endocrine diseases.
Local Directional Pattern (LDP) – A Robust Image Descriptor for Object Recognition

This paper presents a novel local feature descriptor, theLocal Directional Pattern (LDP), for describing localimage feature. A LDP feature is obtained by computing theedge response values in all eight directions at each pixelposition and generating a code from the relative strengthmagnitude. Each bit of code sequence is determined byconsidering a local neighborhood hence becomes robust innoisy situation. A rotation invariant LDP code is alsointroduced which uses the direction of the most prominentedge response. Finally an image descriptor is formed todescribe the image (or image region) by accumulating theoccurrence of LDP feature over the whole input image (orimage region). Experimental results on the Brodatz texturedatabase show that LDP impressively outperforms theother commonly used dense descriptors (e.g.,Gabor-wavelet and LBP).
VMScatter: migrate virtual machines to many hosts

Live virtual machine migration is a technique often used to migrate an entire OS with running applications in a non-disruptive fashion. Prior works concerned with one-to-one live migration with many techniques have been proposed such as pre-copy, post-copy and log/replay. In contrast, we propose VMScatter, a one-to-many migration method to migrate virtual machines from one to many other hosts simultaneously. First, by merging the identical pages within or across virtual machines, VMScatter multicasts only a single copy of these pages to associated target hosts for avoiding redundant transmission. This is impactful practically when the same OS and similar applications running in the virtual machines where there are plenty of identical pages. Second, we introduce a novel grouping algorithm to decide the placement of virtual machines, distinguished from the previous schedule algorithms which focus on the workload for load balance or power saving, we also focus on network traffic, which is a critical metric in data-intensive data centers. Third, we schedule the multicast sequence of packets to reduce the network overhead introduced by joining or quitting the multicast groups of target hosts. Compared to traditional live migration technique in QEMU/KVM, VMScatter reduces 74.2% of the total transferred data, 69.1% of the total migration time and achieves the network traffic reduction from 50.1% to 70.3%.
Treatment of Acute Psychosis Without Neuroleptics: Two-Year Outcomes From the Soteria Project

The Soteria project (1971–1983) compared residential treatment in the community and minimal use of antipsychotic medication with “usual” hospital treatment for patients with early episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Newly diagnosed DSM-II schizophrenia subjects were assigned consecutively (1971 to 1976, N = 79) or randomly (1976 to 1979, N = 100) to the hospital or Soteria and followed for 2 years. Admission diagnoses were subsequently converted to DSM-IV schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. Multivariate analyses evaluated hypotheses of equal or better outcomes in Soteria on eight individual outcome measures and a composite outcome scale in three ways: for endpoint subjects (N = 160), for completing subjects (N = 129), and for completing subjects corrected for differential attrition (N = 129). Endpoint subjects exhibited small to medium effect size trends favoring experimental treatment. Completing subjects had significantly better composite outcomes of a medium effect size at Soteria (+.47 SD, p = .03). Completing subjects with schizophrenia exhibited a large effect size benefit with Soteria treatment (+.81 SD, p = .02), particularly in domains of psychopathology, work, and social functioning. Soteria treatment resulted in better 2-year outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia spectrum psychoses, particularly for completing subjects and for those with schizophrenia. In addition, only 58% of Soteria subjects received antipsychotic medications during the follow-up period, and only 19% were continuously maintained on antipsychotic medications.