Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of mock jurors' beliefs about eyewitness performance on trial judgments

Abstract Two experiments examined how mock jurors' beliefs about three factors known to influence eyewitness memory accuracy relate to decision making (age of eyewitness and presence of weapon in Study 1, length of eyewitness identification decision time in Study 2). Psychology undergraduates rendered verdicts and evaluated trial participants after reading a robbery–murder trial summary that varied eyewitness age (6, 11, 42, or 74 years) and weapon presence (visible or not) in Study 1 and eyewitness decision length (2–3 or 30 s) in Study 2 (n = 200 each). The interactions between participant belief about these variables and the manipulated variables themselves were the heart of this study. Participants' beliefs about eyewitness age and weapon presence interacted with these manipulations, but only for some judgments – verdict for eyewitness age and eyewitness credibility for weapon focus. The exploratory meditational analyses found only one relation: juror belief about eyewitness age mediated the relation between eyewitness age and credibility ratings. These results highlight a need for juror education and specialized voir dire in cases where legitimate concerns exist regarding the reliability of eyewitness memory (e.g. child eyewitness, weapon presence during event, long eyewitness identification time). If erroneous juror beliefs can be corrected their impact may be reduced.
Got GAS? Ease the Bloat with Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing

Financial support: Support for this study was received from the German Research Foundation (grant no.WO 1746/1-2 toM.W. and grant no. KA 4199/ 1-1 to T.H.). Additional funding was received from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (grant no. 115737-2 to K.K., Combatting bacterial resistance in Europe—molecules against gram-negative infections [COMBACTE-MAGNET]). The funders had no role in the preparation of this manuscript. Potential conflicts of interest: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
Discrimination, Harassment, and Gendered Health Inequalities: Do Perceptions of Workplace Mistreatment Contribute to the Gender Gap in Self-reported Health?

This study examines the extent to which discrimination and harassment contribute to gendered health disparities. Analyzing data from the 2006, 2010, and 2014 General Social Surveys (N = 3,724), we ask the following: (1) To what extent are perceptions of workplace gender discrimination and sexual harassment associated with self-reported mental and physical health? (2) How do multiple forms of workplace mistreatment (e.g., racism, ageism, and sexism) combine to structure workers’ self-assessed health? and (3) To what extent do perceptions of mistreatment contribute to the gender gap in self-assessed health? Multivariate analyses show that among women, but not men, perceptions of workplace gender discrimination are negatively associated with poor mental health, and perceptions of sexual harassment are associated with poor physical health. Among men and women, perceptions of multiple forms of mistreatment are associated with worse mental health. Gender discrimination partially explains the gender gap in self-reported mental health.
Respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular disease: current perspectives

Neuromuscular ventilatory weakness can be difficult to recognize because the symptoms can be nocturnal, nonspecific, or attributed to other conditions. The presence of respiratory muscle weakness suggests a number of possible heterogeneous conditions, including neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and genetic neuromuscular diseases. In some conditions, disease-modifying management exists, but in the absence of such intervention, supportive respiratory therapy can improve quality of life and survival. In this review, we discuss the differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach to chronic neuromuscular respiratory weakness. We also review the clinical assessment and management of respiratory failure in these conditions.
Mulberry leaf extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its anti-bacterial activity against human pathogens

Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were synthesized at room temperature using Morus alba (mulberry) leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The development of plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is gaining importance due to its simplicity, low cost, non-toxicity, eco-friendliness, long term stability and reproducible aqueous synthesis method to obtain a self-assembly of nearly monodispersed Au-NPs. The formation and morphology of biosynthesized nanoparticles are investigated with the help of UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. Au-NPs formation was screened by UV-Vis spectroscopy through color conversion due to surface plasmon resonance band at 538 nm for Au-NPs. DLS studies revealed that the average size of Au-NPs was 50 nm. TEM studies showed the particles to be nearly spherical with few irregular shapes and particle size ranges 15−53 nm. The AFM image clearly shows the surface morphology of the well-dispersed Au-NPs with less than 50 nm. The high crystallinity of nanoparticles is evident from bright circular spots in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. X-ray diffraction pattern showed high purity and face-centered cubic structure of Au-NPs. The FT-IR results indicate the presence of different functional groups present in the biomolecule capping the nanoparticles. Further, biosynthesized Au-NPs show strong zone of inhibition against Vibrio cholera (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) whereas, chemically synthesized Au-NPs and mulberry leaf extract exhibit a fair zone of inhibition.
Enhanced Single-Stage Folded Cascode OTA Suitable for Large Capacitive Loads

An enhanced single-stage folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier able to drive large capacitive loads is presented. Circuits that adaptively bias the input differential pair and the current folding stage are employed, which provide class AB operation with dynamic current boosting and increased gain-bandwidth (GBW) product. Measurement results of a test chip prototype fabricated in a 0.5-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS process show an increase in slew rate and GBW by a factor of 30 and 15, respectively, versus the class A version using the same supply voltage and bias currents. Overhead in other performance metrics is small.
A Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Practices Differentially Affect Symptoms, Aspects of Well-Being, and Potential Mechanisms of Action

This qualitative study explored and compared the subjective experiences of 102 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 arms: (a) body scan, (b) mindful breathing, (c) slow breathing, or (d) sitting quietly. Qualitative data were obtained via semistructured interviews following the intervention and analyzed using conventional content analysis. The percentage of participants within each intervention who endorsed a specific theme was calculated. Two-proportion z tests were then calculated to determine if the differences among themes endorsed in specific groups were statistically significant. Six core themes emerged from analysis of participant responses across the 4 groups: (a) enhanced present moment awareness, (b) increased nonreactivity, (c) increased nonjudgmental acceptance, (d) decreased physiological arousal and stress reactivity, (e) increased active coping skills, and (f) greater relaxation. More participants in the mindfulness intervention groups reported improvement in PTSD symptoms when compared to participants in non-mindfulness groups. Different types of intervention targeted different symptoms and aspects of well-being. Furthermore, type of intervention may have also differentially targeted potential mechanisms of action. This article highlights the importance of employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods when investigating the dynamic process of mindfulness and may inform how practices can be tailored to the needs of the veteran with PTSD.
Internet Gaming Disorder: An Emergent Health Issue for Men

Internet gaming is a legitimate leisure activity worldwide; however, there are emerging concerns that vast numbers of gamers are becoming addicted. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) classified Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as a condition warranting more clinical research ahead of formalizing it as a mental disorder. Proposed as a behavioral addiction, IGD shares many similarities in both physical and psychosocial manifestations with substance use disorder, including cerebral changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Among the gaming population, compared to females, adolescent and adult males demonstrate far more addictive internet gaming use in terms of screen hours, craving, and negative impacts on health, which have, in isolated incidents, also caused death. The current article draws findings from a scoping review of literature related to IGD as a means to raising awareness about an emergent men’s health issue. Included are three themes: (a) unveiling the nature, impacts and symptoms of IGD; (b) conceptualizing IGD through neuroscience; and (c) treatment approaches to IGD. Afforded by these themes is an overview and synthesis of the existing literature regarding IGD as a means of providing direction for much needed research on gaming addiction and orientating primary care providers (PCPs) to the specificities of IGD in men’s health. The findings are applied to a discussion of the connections between IGD and masculinity and the importance of recognizing how behaviors such as social isolation and game immersion can be maladaptive coping strategies for males.
Antiplane coherent scattering from a slab containing a random distribution of cavities

The scattering of antiplane waves from a slab region containing a random distribution of cylindrical cavities is investigated. The cavities have a uniform probability density in the slab region and the solid is homogeneous and isotropic on either side of the slab. A general equation for the coherent motion in the solid is derived in terms of the average exciting displacement near a fixed cavity. As in Foldy's approach, it is assumed here that the average exciting displacement near a fixed cavity is equal to the average total displacement. With this assumption, the equation for the coherent motion reduces to an integrodifferential equation, which is solved in closed form by using a Fourier transform technique. The closed‐form solution greatly reduces the computational costs, and allows more direct investigation of the multiple scattering than is done elsewhere. Results for the amplitudes and phases of the reflected and transmitted waves outside the slab are plotted versus the frequency for several values of the cavity density and slab thickness. These results are expected to be valid for low cavity density.
Objective Reduction in Many-Objective Optimization: Evolutionary Multiobjective Approaches and Comprehensive Analysis

Many-objective optimization problems bring great difficulties to the existing multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, in terms of selection operators, computational cost, visualization of the high-dimensional tradeoff front, and so on. Objective reduction can alleviate such difficulties by removing the redundant objectives in the original objective set, which has become one of the most important techniques in many-objective optimization. In this paper, we suggest to view objective reduction as a multiobjective search problem and introduce three multiobjective formulations of the problem, where the first two formulations are both based on preservation of the dominance structure and the third one utilizes the correlation between objectives. For each multiobjective formulation, a multiobjective objective reduction algorithm is proposed by employing the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II to generate a Pareto front of nondominated objective subsets that can offer decision support to the user. Moreover, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of two major categories of objective reduction approaches based on several theorems, with the aim of revealing their strengths and limitations. Lastly, the performance of the proposed multiobjective algorithms is studied extensively on various benchmark problems and two real-world problems. Numerical results and comparisons are then shown to highlight the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed multiobjective algorithms over existing state-of-the-art approaches in the related field.
Four millennia of Iberian biomolecular prehistory illustrate the impact of prehistoric migrations at the far end of Eurasia

Significance The gene pool of modern Europeans was shaped through prehistoric migrations that reached the Western Mediterranean last. Obtaining biomolecular data has been challenging due to poor preservation related to adverse climatic conditions in this region. Here, we study the impact of prehistoric (Neolithic–Bronze Age) migrations in Iberia by analyzing genomic and dietary data, demonstrating that farming practices were introduced by a population genetically distinct from the first farmers in central and northern Europe. After recovering from a founder bottleneck, these first farmers mixed with local hunter-gatherers. Finally, post-Neolithic migrations had a much smaller impact on the Iberian gene pool than they had in other parts of Europe. Stable isotope analysis reveals a homogenous terrestrial diet throughout this period. Population genomic studies of ancient human remains have shown how modern-day European population structure has been shaped by a number of prehistoric migrations. The Neolithization of Europe has been associated with large-scale migrations from Anatolia, which was followed by migrations of herders from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Southwestern Europe was one of the last parts of the continent reached by these migrations, and modern-day populations from this region show intriguing similarities to the initial Neolithic migrants. Partly due to climatic conditions that are unfavorable for DNA preservation, regional studies on the Mediterranean remain challenging. Here, we present genome-wide sequence data from 13 individuals combined with stable isotope analysis from the north and south of Iberia covering a four-millennial temporal transect (7,500–3,500 BP). Early Iberian farmers and Early Central European farmers exhibit significant genetic differences, suggesting two independent fronts of the Neolithic expansion. The first Neolithic migrants that arrived in Iberia had low levels of genetic diversity, potentially reflecting a small number of individuals; this diversity gradually increased over time from mixing with local hunter-gatherers and potential population expansion. The impact of post-Neolithic migrations on Iberia was much smaller than for the rest of the continent, showing little external influence from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Paleodietary reconstruction shows that these populations have a remarkable degree of dietary homogeneity across space and time, suggesting a strong reliance on terrestrial food resources despite changing culture and genetic make-up.
Depth-Resolved Distribution of Particle-Attached and Free-Living Bacterial Communities in the Water Column of the New Britain Trench

Particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) microorganisms play significant but different roles in mineralization of organic matter (OM) in the ocean. Currently, little is known about PA and FL microbial communities in bathyal and abyssal pelagic waters, and understanding of their diversity and distribution in the water column and their interactions with environmental factors in the trench area is limited. We investigated for the first time the variations of abundance and diversities of the PA and FL bacterial communities in the epi-, bathy-, and abyssopelagic zones of the New Britain Trench (NBT). The PA communities showed decreasing species richness but increasing relative abundance with depth, suggesting the increasing ecological significance of the PA bacteria in the deep ocean. The abundance and diversity of PA and FL bacterial communities in the NBT water column appeared to be shaped by different sets of environment factors, which might be related to different micro-niches of the two communities. Analysis on species distribution suggested that the differences between PA and FL bacteria communities mainly resulted from the different relative abundance of the “shared taxa” in the two types of communities. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the relative ecological roles of the PA and FL bacterial communities and their interactions with environmental factors in different pelagic zones along the vertical profile of the NBT water column.
Robust Stochastic Control for High-Speed Trains With Nonlinearity, Parametric Uncertainty, and Multiple Time-Varying Delays

In this paper, a novel delay-dependent robust <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_\infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula> control criterion for the velocity tracking control of high-speed trains is developed based on a multi-particle model and Lyapunov stability theory. The dynamic model of high-speed trains is proposed with consideration of the nonlinearity of aerodynamic drag, stochastic property of the measuring signals, uncertainties of train mass, resistance and stiffness of the couplers, multiple time-varying state delays, and input delays caused by the transmission process. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controllers, while the weights of delays are varying, and explore the influences of actuation power distribution on the velocity tracking performance and driving smoothness. Moreover, some useful results are obtained from the comparison between the proposed robust <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> controller and an existing robust adaptive controller, which can also deal with parameter uncertainties and nonlinearity.
Alveolar bone thickness and lower incisor position in skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography

Objective To evaluate lower incisor position and bony support between patients with Class II average- and high-angle malocclusions and compare with the patients presenting Class I malocclusions. Methods CBCT records of 79 patients were divided into 2 groups according to sagittal jaw relationships: Class I and II. Each group was further divided into average- and high-angle subgroups. Six angular and 6 linear measurements were performed. Independent samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn post-hoc tests were performed for statistical comparisons. Results Labial alveolar bone thickness was significantly higher in Class I group compared to Class II group (p = 0.003). Lingual alveolar bone angle (p = 0.004), lower incisor protrusion (p = 0.007) and proclination (p = 0.046) were greatest in Class II average-angle patients. Spongious bone was thinner (p = 0.016) and root apex was closer to the labial cortex in high-angle subgroups when compared to the Class II average-angle subgroup (p = 0.004). Conclusions Mandibular anterior bony support and lower incisor position were different between average- and high-angle Class II patients. Clinicians should be aware that the range of lower incisor movement in high-angle Class II patients is limited compared to average- angle Class II patients.
Criminal Careers Among Female Perpetrators of Family and Nonfamily Homicide in Australia

Knowledge of women’s pathways to serious offending, including homicide, is limited. This study contributes to a small but growing body of literature examining the criminal careers of serious female offenders by using interview data with females convicted of murder or manslaughter in Australia to examine various dimensions of their criminal careers, specifically, prevalence, frequency, age of onset, duration, and offending variety. In particular, in this study we compared criminal career dimensions across women who had killed a family member (e.g., intimate partner, children) and those whose victims were not part of the family unit (i.e., acquaintances or strangers). Our findings reveal differences between female homicide offenders who kill within and outside of the family unit. Although both groups had comparable overall lifetime prevalence of self-reported participation in criminal offending, findings indicate that participation among the family group was typically at low levels of frequency, of limited duration, and with relatively little variety in categories of offending. The family group also reported lower contact with the criminal justice system compared with the nonfamily group, and were less likely to have experienced some form of criminal/legal sanction in the 12 months prior to the homicide incident. This suggests that women who kill family members are more “conventional” than their nonfamily counterparts, in terms of having low and time-limited (i.e., short duration) lifetime participation in criminal offending.
Hyphae Detection in Fungal Keratitis Images With Adaptive Robust Binary Pattern

Fungal keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea that results from infection by fungal organisms. It has a high rate of blindness, which makes the accurate diagnosis of fungal keratitis important. Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique that assists doctors in diagnosing fungal keratitis, and cornea images obtained by confocal microscopy can be used to detect hyphae. The current challenges are how to classify normal cornea images with nerves and abnormal cornea images with hyphae and how to detect the hyphae in a complicated background. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel automatic hyphae detection method that assists doctors in making diagnoses. It includes two primary steps: texture classification of images and hyphae detection. In texture classification step, first, after image enhancement using a subregional contrast stretching algorithm, an adaptive robust binary pattern (ARBP), which is an improvement on the adaptive median binary pattern (AMBP), is proposed and adopted to extract texture features; and a support vector machine model is used to classify the normal and abnormal images. In the hyphae detection step, binarization and a connected domain process are used to further enhance the targets, and a line segment detector algorithm is adopted to detect the hyphae; then, the hyphal density is defined to quantitatively evaluate the infection severity. The contributions of this study include the improvement of the AMBP and the design of a novel framework. ARBP can extract effective texture features of images with relatively bright and small targets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.