Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 61-Year-Old Woman With Progressive Weakness and Rash

A 61-year-old female with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and arthritis requiring several orthopedic procedures presented to her primary care physician complaining of a rash on her neck. A complete metabolic panel showed that her liver function tests were elevated, and her simvastatin was discontinued. She was referred to a dermatologist and was treated with oral antibiotics and topical cream. Eventually, she presented to the emergency department (ED) following a fall resulting in a fracture of the fifth metatarsal of her left foot. In the ED, she stated that the rash had spread to her face, upper torso, arms, and legs over the course of 3 weeks. She also complained of increasing weakness and multiple falls accompanied by myalgias and cramping in her thighs. She had difficulty arising from a chair, lifting her arms over her head, and lifting her head off the bed. She denied difficulty manipulating objects with her hands but did endorse worsening dysphagia and odynophagia. She denied any alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use aside from her prescribed omeprazole, aspirin, and lisinopril. She denied any exotic travel or flu-like symptoms. Family history was remarkable for rheumatoid arthritis in her mother and sister. On general examination, she was an obese caucasian female in no acute distress. Blood pressure was 128/68 mm Hg, heart rate was 96 beats/min, temperature was 36.7°C, and oxygen saturation was 97% on room air. A red maculopapular rash was noted over her knuckles, neck, chest, forearms, and thighs. Her eyelids were a purple hue and a malar rash was present. She had anicteric sclerae, pharyngeal erythema, regular cardiac rhythm, clear lungs, normal bowel sounds without distention, and a cast on her left foot placed by the ED physician. On neurologic examination, she was alert and fully oriented with a normal cognitive mental status examination. Her cranial nerves were intact, with full strength in her occuli, orbicularis oris, masseter, and temporalis muscles; she had no dysarthria. She had 4/5 strength in her neck flexors and extensors and 3/5 strength in her deltoids, biceps, and triceps bilaterally; wrist and hand power was 4/5. Hip flexor and quadriceps strength were symmetric at 2/5 and 4/5, respectively. Reflexes were normal and symmetric throughout. Sensory examination was normal aside from the painful rash. Serum laboratory analysis revealed increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and muscle related enzymes (Table 1), as well as elevated inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate 77; C-reactive protein 3.35). Electrocardiograph (ECG) showed normal sinus rhythm. Chest X-ray was clear without consolidation or hypoventilation. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of head and spine were normal. Modified barium swallow confirmed dysphagia with overt aspiration. The patient was admitted and subsequently transferred to Emory University Hospital for further management. Table 1. Muscle-Related Enzyme Elevations
Manifold Adaptation for Constant False Alarm Rate Ship Detection in South African Oceans

The detection of ships at sea is a difficult task made more so by uncooperative ships, especially when using transponder-based ship detection systems. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery provides a means of observation independent of the ships cooperation, and over the years, a vast amount of research has gone into the detection of ships using this imagery. One of the most common methods used for ship detection in SAR imagery is the cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) prescreening method. It uses a scalar threshold value to determine how bright a pixel needs to be in order to be classified as a ship, and thus inversely how many false alarms are permitted. This paper presents by a method of converting the scalar threshold into a threshold manifold. The manifold is adjusted using a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to optimally fit to information provided by the ship distribution map, which is generated from transponder data. By carefully selecting the input solution and threshold boundaries, much of the computational inefficiencies usually associated with SA can be avoided. The proposed method was tested on six ASAR images against five other methods and had a reported detection accuracy (DA) of 85.2% with a corresponding FAR of 1.01 × 10-7.
A Novel Interaction between CCaMK and a Protein Containing the Scythe_N Ubiquitin-Like Domain in Lotus japonicus1[C][W][OA]

In the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is a key regulator for both rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. Deregulation of CCaMK by either a point mutation in the autophosphorylation site or the deletion of the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain results in spontaneous nodule formation without rhizobia. However, the underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using the kinase domain of CCaMK as a bait in yeast two-hybrid screening, we identify a novel protein, CIP73 (for CCaMK-interacting protein of approximately 73 kD), that interacts with CCaMK. CIP73 contains a Scythe_N ubiquitin-like domain and belongs to the large ubiquitin superfamily. Deletion and mutagenesis analysis demonstrate that CIP73 could only interact with CCaMK when the calmodulin-binding domain and three EF-hand motifs are removed from the kinase domain. The amino-terminal 80 amino acid residues (80–160) of CCaMK are required for interacting with CIP73 in yeast cells. On the other hand, protein pull-down assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay in Nicotiana benthamiana show that the full-length CCaMK could interact with CIP73 in vitro and in planta. Importantly, CCaMK phosphorylates the amino terminus of CIP73 in a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent manner in vitro. CIP73 transcripts are preferentially expressed in roots, and very low expression is detected in leaves, stems, and nodules. The expression in roots is significantly decreased after inoculation of Mesorhizobium loti. RNA interference knockdown of CIP73 expression by hairy root transformation in Lotus japonicus led to decreased nodule formation, suggesting that CIP73 performed an essential role in nodulation.
The Public Face of Zoos: Images of Entertainment, Education and Conservation

ABSTRACT The contemporary justification for zoos is based on their ability to act as sites of wildlife conservation. Alongside this is the reality that zoos have historically been defined as sites for the entertainment of the general public and continue to be dependent on the revenue raised through visitor receipts. Consequently, zoos are, today, identified as sites of conservation, research, education, and entertainment. In recognition of this, the aim of our research was to assess the image that zoos are currently portraying to the general public, to see how the different roles are advertised and how they sit alongside one another. The data were gathered via a content and semiotic analysis of the websites of 54 zoos spread throughout the world. The results indicate that the image zoos present to the public whilst incorporating a strong conservation message lacks depth. In addition, the image zoos present via their websites has a strong emphasis on entertainment. Based on the results of this paper, it is suggested that zoos need to present their conservation credentials in more detail and ensure the entertainment message does not adversely affect transmission of the conservation or education one whilst at the same time continuing to attract sufficient visitors to ensure the economic viability of zoos. In addition, it is recognized that changing public perceptions of zoos requires these institutions to act together rather than independently when determining the overarching theme of the “zoo. ”
Irradiation Promotes an M2 Macrophage Phenotype in Tumor Hypoxia

Macrophages display different phenotypes with distinct functions and can rapidly respond to environmental changes. Previous studies on TRAMP-C1 tumor model have shown that irradiation has a strong impact on tumor microenvironments. The major changes include the decrease of microvascular density, the increase of avascular hypoxia, and the aggregation of tumor-associated macrophages in avascular hypoxic regions. Similar changes were observed no matter the irradiation was given to tissue bed before tumor implantation (pre-IR tumors), or to established tumors (IR tumors). Recent results on three murine tumors, TRAMP-C1 prostate adenocarcinoma, ALTS1C1 astrocytoma, and GL261 glioma, further demonstrate that different phenotypes of inflammatory cells are spatially distributed into different microenvironments in both IR and pre-IR tumors. Regions with avascular hypoxia and central necrosis have CD11bhigh/Gr-1+ neutrophils in the center of the necrotic area. Next to them are CD11blow/F4/80+ macrophages that sit at the junctions between central necrotic and surrounding hypoxic regions. The majority of cells in the hypoxic regions are CD11blow/CD68+ macrophages. These inflammatory cell populations express different levels of Arg I. This distribution pattern, except for neutrophils, is not observed in tumors receiving chemotherapy or an anti-angiogenesis agent which also lead to avascular hypoxia. This unique distribution pattern of inflammatory cells in IR tumor sites is interfered with by targeting the expression of a chemokine protein, SDF-1α, by tumor cells, and this also increases radiation-induced tumor growth delay. This indicates that irradiated-hypoxia tissues have distinct tumor microenvironments that favor the development of M2 macrophages and that is affected by the levels of tumor-secreted SDF-1α.
Spatial clustering of childhood cancers in Great Britain.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Firstly, to identify spatially close pairs and triplets of childhood leukaemias and cancers in Britain. Secondly, to compare pair frequencies with random expectations, identify excesses, and measure the diameters of any clusters. Thirdly, to infer possible causes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Stratified Poisson analyses of two comprehensive sets of childhood leukaemia and cancer data in Great Britain: seeking home address pairs within particular census enumeration districts (EDs) or postcodes (PCs). Numbers of pairs/triplets of leukaemia registrations sharing single or adjacent EDs were compared with Poisson, expectations in national ED strata with different numbers of households (HHs). Pairs/triplets of leukaemia/cancer deaths (and births) sharing a single PC were compared with Poisson expectations in national PC strata with different numbers of postal delivery points (DPs). Same and adjacent house pairs were identified individually among the same PC death pairs. Areal case densities were estimated around a sample of index cases, using their own PC grid coordinates, and those recorded in the central PC directory. PARTICIPANTS: These comprised, firstly, all cases of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma registered between 1966 and 1983 in England and Wales (ED analysis) and, secondly, all childhood leukaemia and cancer deaths between 1953 and 1980, in England, Wales, and Scotland (PC analyses at birth and at death). MAIN RESULTS: Short range spatial clustering was demonstrated (a) for leukaemia at place of registration, and (b) for leukaemia and cancer (separately and jointly) at both birth and death addresses. There was evidence of additional case pairing in adjacent PCs. Both data sets showed a relative local pair excess of about 1.5, within diameters of 300 metres. Secondary case densities, measured within 600 metres of a sample of unpaired index cases, were raised by the same ratio. The raised risk then tapered with increasing distance to about 3 km. Forty-four non-twin pairs had died at exactly the same address, far in excess of random expectation. This same house excess was due entirely to 31 sibling pairs. They also showed a relative excess of central nervous system and other solid tumours; but without the exact tumour type sibling concordances sometimes seen in MZ twins. The sibling pairs were only a small part of the overall excess of same PC pairs. CONCLUSIONS: Short range geographical clustering probably reflects two separate causes of childhood cancer, namely (a) an uncommon familial susceptibility to solid cancers, probably inherited, and (b) a group of long standing focal environmental hazards, most effective within a few hundred metres of the source, but detectable as far as 3 km.
Power from random strings

We show that sets consisting of strings of high Kolmogorov complexity provide examples of sets that are complete for several complexity classes under probabilistic and non-uniform reductions. These sets are provably not complete under the usual many-one reductions. Let R/sub K/, R/sub Kt/, R/sub KS/, R/sub KT/ be the sets of strings x having complexity at least |x|/2, according to the usual Kolmogorov complexity measure K, Levin's time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity Kt [27], a space-bounded Kolmogorov measure KS, and the time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity measure KT that was introduced in [4], respectively. Our main results are: 1. R/sub KS/ and R/sub Kt/ are complete for PSPACE and EXP, respectively, under P/poly-truth-table reductions. 2. EXP = NP/sup R(Kt)/. 3. PSPACE = ZPP/sup R(KS)/ /spl sube/ P/sup R(K)/. 4. The Discrete Log, Factoring, and several lattice problems are solvable in BPP/sup R(KT)/.
PRACTICAL GENETICS In association with CHARGE syndrome : an update

CHARGE syndrome is a rare, usually sporadic autosomal dominant disorder due in 2/3 of cases to mutations within the CHD7 gene. The clinical definition has evolved with time. The 3C triad (ColobomaChoanal atresia-abnormal semicircular Canals), arhinencephaly and rhombencephalic dysfunctions are now considered the most important and constant clues to the diagnosis. We will discuss here recent aspects of the phenotypic delineation of CHARGE syndrome and highlight the role of CHD7 in its pathogeny. We review available data on its molecular pathology as well as cytogenetic and molecular evidences for genetic heterogeneity within CHARGE syndrome.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of medicinal plants for the treatment of acne

Extracts of Camellia sinensis Linn. leaves, Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. roots and rhizome and Calendula officinalis Linn. flowers were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity using agar disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of different parts of these plants were studied against acne causing bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 2639) and Propionibacterium acnes (MTCC *1951). Methanolic extract of C. sinensis leaves possessed highest antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. Lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.625 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (2.5 mg/mL) against S. epidermidis were also observed for methanolic extract of C. sinensis leaves. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and terpenoids which indicates that these phytoconstituents may be responsible for their anti-acne activity.
Integrated care in patients with schizophrenia: results of trials published between 2011 and 2013 focusing on effectiveness and efficiency

Purpose of review Overview on integrated care trials focusing on effectiveness and efficiency published from 2011 to 2013. Recent findings Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 21 non-RCT studies were published from 2011 to 2013. Studies differed in several methodological aspects such as study population, psychotherapeutic approaches used, outcome parameters, follow-up times, fidelities, and implementation of the integrated care model and the nation-specific healthcare context with different control conditions. This makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Most studies demonstrated relevant improvements regarding symptoms (P = 0.001) and functioning (P = 0.01), quality of life (P = 0.01), adherence (P <0.05) and patient's satisfaction (P = 0.01), and reduction of caregiver's stress (P < 0.05). Mean total costs were favoring or at least equalizing costs but with positive effects found on subjective health favoring integrated care models. Summary There is an increasing interest in the effectiveness and efficiency of integrated care models in patients with mental disorders, specifically in those with severe and persistent mental illness. To increase generalizability, future trials should exactly describe rationales and content of integrated care model and control conditions.
Batch mode active sampling based on marginal probability distribution matching

Active Learning is a machine learning and data mining technique that selects the most informative samples for labeling and uses them as training data; it is especially useful when there are large amount of unlabeled data and labeling them is expensive. Recently, batch-mode active learning, where a set of samples are selected concurrently for labeling, based on their collective merit, has attracted a lot of attention. The objective of batch-mode active learning is to select a set of informative samples so that a classifier learned on these samples has good generalization performance on the unlabeled data. Most of the existing batch-mode active learning methodologies try to achieve this by selecting samples based on varied criteria. In this paper we propose a novel criterion which achieves good generalization performance of a classifier by specifically selecting a set of query samples that minimizes the difference in distribution between the labeled and the unlabeled data, after annotation. We explicitly measure this difference based on all candidate subsets of the unlabeled data and select the best subset. The proposed objective is an NP-hard integer programming optimization problem. We provide two optimization techniques to solve this problem. In the first one, the problem is transformed into a convex quadratic programming problem and in the second method the problem is transformed into a linear programming problem. Our empirical studies using publicly available UCI datasets and a biomedical image dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison with the state-of-the-art batch-mode active learning methods. We also present two extensions of the proposed approach, which incorporate uncertainty of the predicted labels of the unlabeled data and transfer learning in the proposed formulation. Our empirical studies on UCI datasets show that incorporation of uncertainty information improves performance at later iterations while our studies on 20 Newsgroups dataset show that transfer learning improves the performance of the classifier during initial iterations.
Constitutive Expression of the Steroid Sulfatase Gene Supports the Growth of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells in Vitroand in Vivo.

Many human breast tumors are driven by high intratumor concentrations of 17β-estradiol that appear to be locally synthesized. The role of aromatase is well established, but the possible contribution of the steroid sulfatase (STS), which liberates estrogens from their biologically inactive sulfates, has been inadequately assessed and remains unclear. To evaluate the role of STS further, we transduced estrogen-dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with a retroviral vector directing the constitutive expression of the human STS gene. Gene integration was confirmed by Southern hybridization, production of the appropriately sized messenger RNA by Northern hybridization, and expression of functional protein by metabolism of[ 3H]estrone sulfate to [3H]estrone. Maximum velocity estimates of estrone formation are 64.2 pmol estrone/mg protein·h in STS-transduced cells (STS Clone 20), levels comparable to those seen in some human breast tumors. Lower levels of endogenous activity are seen in MCF-7 cells (13.0 pmo.
Citizens and Personal Health Records - the Case of Nelson Mandela Bay

This paper explores citizen attitudes towards personal health records. The study was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A cross-sectional design was used and structured questionnaires administered by data collectors. Most respondents (90%) believed it to be important to extremely important for their healthcare provider to have their complete medical records. Less than half of them (42%), however, believed that the healthcare provider did have their complete medical record available to them. Nevertheless, 69% do not keep a medical record as a way to address this concern. Most of them (84%) were not aware of the existence of electronic tools to capture a personal health record prior to participating in the survey. Concerns relating to the use of online PHRs were identified as privacy (58%), lack of time (27%) and a disinterest in computers (22%). It was found that the existence of a medical chronic condition is a strong predictor of keeping a medical record (albeit mostly in paper-based format).
Transfer of Training between Music and Speech: Common Processing, Attention, and Memory

After a brief historical perspective of the relationship between language and music, we review our work on transfer of training from music to speech that aimed at testing the general hypothesis that musicians should be more sensitive than non-musicians to speech sounds. In light of recent results in the literature, we argue that when long-term experience in one domain influences acoustic processing in the other domain, results can be interpreted as common acoustic processing. But when long-term experience in one domain influences the building-up of abstract and specific percepts in another domain, results are taken as evidence for transfer of training effects. Moreover, we also discuss the influence of attention and working memory on transfer effects and we highlight the usefulness of the event-related potentials method to disentangle the different processes that unfold in the course of music and speech perception. Finally, we give an overview of an on-going longitudinal project with children aimed at testing transfer effects from music to different levels and aspects of speech processing.
Systematic survey of deubiquitinase localization identifies USP21 as a regulator of centrosome- and microtubule-associated functions

A localization atlas is provided for 66 of 90 mammalian GFP-tagged deubiquitinases (DUBs). USP21 is the only DUB in the panel that localizes to both microtubules and the centrosome. Functional data suggest a key role for USP21 in the choreography of microtubule reorganization.
Dynamic byzantine quorum systems

Byzantine quorum systems enhance the availability and efficiency of fault-tolerant replicated services when servers may suffer Byzantine failures. An important limitation of Byzantine quorum systems is their dependence on a static threshold limit on the number of server faults. The correctness of the system is only guaranteed if the actual number of faults is lower than the the threshold at all times. However, a threshold chosen for the worst case wastes expensive replication in the common situation where the number of faults averages well below the worst case. In this paper, we present protocols for dynamically raising and lowering the resilience threshold of a quorum-based Byzantine fault-tolerant data service in response to current information on the number of server failures. Using such protocols, a system can operate in an efficient low-threshold mode with relatively small quorums in the absence of faults, increasing and decreasing the quorum size (and thus the tolerance) as faults appear and are dealt with, respectively.