Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Impact of psychosocial factors on suicide attempts in high school and college students, data from eight cities of China].

OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to report the rate of suicide attempts among adolescent and young students of eight cities in China, and to examine the impact of related psychosocial factors on suicide attempts. METHODS The investigation was obtained in senior and junior high school and college students in eight cities of China. All of the 17 622 participants were recruited to complete anonymous questionnaires regarding their experiences of suicide attempts and related psychosocial factors. RESULTS Overall, 2.2 percent of the respondents reported that they had experienced attempted suicide during the previous year. Scores on high anxiety (OR = 2.61, 95%CI: 1.64 - 4.16), high depression (OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.35 - 3.10), suicide idea (OR = 14.21, 95%CI: 9.88 - 20.43), suicide plan (OR = 3.50, 95%CI: 2.59 - 4.73) were revealed as common risk factors while the whole time span being accompanied by mothers during juvenile years (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.20 - 0.74) seemed to be protective factor for suicide attempts through multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION Our results showed that emotional symptom, idea and plans for suicide were statistically associated with suicide attempted in high school and college students.
RRA: Recurrent Residual Attention for Sequence Learning

In this paper, we propose a recurrent neural network (RNN) with residual attention (RRA) to learn long-range dependencies from sequential data. We propose to add residual connections across timesteps to RNN, which explicitly enhances the interaction between current state and hidden states that are several timesteps apart. This also allows training errors to be directly back-propagated through residual connections and effectively alleviates gradient vanishing problem. We further reformulate an attention mechanism over residual connections. An attention gate is defined to summarize the individual contribution from multiple previous hidden states in computing the current state. We evaluate RRA on three tasks: the adding problem, pixel-by-pixel MNIST classification and sentiment analysis on the IMDB dataset. Our experiments demonstrate that RRA yields better performance, faster convergence and more stable training compared to a standard LSTM network. Furthermore, RRA shows highly competitive performance to the state-of-the-art methods.
Whole brain diffusion tensor imaging in HIV-associated cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quantitative MR imaging strategies may have considerable potential for in vivo assessment of neuropathologic changes associated with HIV. This investigation evaluated the prognostic significance of whole brain histogram-derived diffusion tensor imaging indices with respect to severity of cognitive impairment and measures of clinical status in cases of HIV. METHODS Quantitative indices derived with diffusion tensor imaging, including whole brain fractional anisotropy and the apparent diffusion coefficient, were compared for six patients with HIV and eight control volunteers. Relationships between whole brain indices and specific measures of dementia severity and clinical status were examined. RESULTS Whole brain fractional anisotropy was reduced in patients with HIV and was significantly associated with severity of dementia, as indicated by several widely used clinical and functional status measures. Summary fractional anisotropy measures were more prognostic of dementia status than were apparent diffusion coefficient measures. CONCLUSION Findings from this investigation support the use of diffusion tensor imaging for noninvasive MR imaging measurement of neuropathologic changes in studies of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.
The Macropolitics of Organizational Change: A Comparative Analysis of the Spread of Small-Group Activities.

The data for the Japan portion of this paper were collected during my tenure as Fulbright Research Scholar 1977-78. I am indebted to the Fulbright Commission for their support and to the Japan Institute of Labour for providing research facilities. I also express my appreciation to the German Marshall Fund, which provided a research grant for collection of the Swedish data. Research facilities in Sweden were provided by the Department of Applied Psychology at Gothenberg University. Data collection for the U.S. portion was made possible by a grant from the Henry Luce Foundation, Inc. I am especially indebted to the countless number of business organizations and associations in all three countries that gave freely of their time in an attempt to educate me in the intricacies of organizational change. While I am grateful to the institutional benefactors, they are not responsible for my findings.
Stimulation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by G Protein-coupled α2-Adrenergic Receptors Does Not Require Agonist-elicited Endocytosis*

Agonist-elicited receptor sequestration is strikingly different for the α2A-versus α2B-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) subtypes; the α2B-AR undergoes rapid and extensive disappearance from the HEK 293 cell surface, whereas the α2A-AR does not (Daunt, D. A., Hurt, C., Hein, L., Kallio, J., Feng, F., and Kobilka, B. K. (1997)Mol. Pharmacol. 51, 711–720; Eason, M. G. , and Liggett, S. B. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25473–25479). Since recent reports suggest that endocytosis is required for some G protein-coupled receptors to stimulate the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade (Daaka, Y., Luttrell, L. M., Ahn, S., Della Rocca, G. J., Ferguson, S. S., Caron, M. G., and Lefkowitz, R. J. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 685–688; Luttrell, L. M. , Daaka, Y. , Della Rocca, G. J., and Lefkowitz, R. J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 31648–31656; Ignatova, E. G. , Belcheva, M. M. , Bohn, L. M. , Neuman, M. C. , and Coscia, C. J. (1999)J. Neurosci. 19, 56–63), we evaluated the differential ability of these two subtypes to activate MAP kinase. We observed no correlation between subtype-dependent agonist-elicited receptor redistribution and receptor activation of the MAP kinase cascade. Furthermore, incubation of cells with K+-depleted medium eliminated α2B-AR internalization but did not eliminate MAP kinase activation, suggesting that receptor internalization is not a general prerequisite for activation of the MAP kinase cascade via Gi-coupled receptors. We also noted that neither dominant negative dynamin (K44A) nor concanavalin A treatment dramatically altered MAP kinase activation or receptor redistribution, indicating that these experimental tools do not universally block G protein-coupled receptor internalization.
Letter to the Editor Reply: Microcysts in the Inner Nuclear Layer from Optic Atrophy Are Caused by Retrograde Trans-synaptic Degeneration Combined with Vitreous Traction on the Retinal Surface

Sir, We appreciate the thoughtful commentary from Drs Lujan and Horton (2013) based on their patient with Kjer's dominant optic atrophy with retinal inner nuclear layer microcysts. Their case highlights an emerging understanding that inner nuclear micro-cysts are not specific to multiple sclerosis. We—and others— have now identified them in neuromyelitis optica (Gelfand et al., 2013; Sotirchos et al., 2013) and they have been reported to occur in neurofibromatosis 1-associated optic nerve glioma (Abegg et al., 2012), dominant optic atrophy and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (Barboni et al., 2013). Anecdotally, we have also heard of individual cases in patients with nerve atrophy following papilledema and traumatic optic neuropathy. However— other than for neuromyelitis optica—the frequency with which the microcysts occur in non-multiple sclerosis optic neuropathy remains unclear, and we are not aware of any cases of retinal inner nuclear layer microcysts that have been described in the most common optic neuropathy, glaucoma. Lujan and Horton (2013) assert that these inner nuclear layer microcystic changes are related to trans-synaptic cell loss based on pathological reports that highlight inner nuclear layer cell loss in multiple sclerosis (Gills and Wadsworth, 1967; Green et al., 2010) and after other forms of optic nerve injury (Van Buren, 1963). We strongly agree that the emerging evidence combined with the pathology data suggest that trans-synaptic cell loss is likely to be a significant contributory mechanism to the formation of these microcysts. However, we disagree with Barboni et al. (2013) that 'inner nuclear layer microcysts are simply a consequence of longstanding optic neuropathy'. Sigler et al. (2013) observed microcysts developing 2–4 months after internal limiting membrane peel. We have since observed a case of inner nuclear layer microcysts in a 17-year-old female that developed 10 weeks after acute optic neuritis. These cases indicate that the injury does not necessarily have to be longstanding and the highly variable time interval observed for onset of microcysts suggests that there may be other important patient-specific factors driving the presence and pace of microcyst development. Furthermore, the short latency from onset of optic neuropathy to the development of microcysts observed on occasion suggests that direct injury may be contributory in some individuals rather than being solely dependent on a trans-synaptic process. We have seen mild capillary leakage on two of five fluorescein angiograms in patients with microcysts (10 eyes) although the areas of leakage could not be directly correlated to the location …
The Occipital Place Area Is Causally and Selectively Involved in Scene Perception

Functional magnetic resonance imaging has revealed a set of regions selectively engaged in visual scene processing: the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and a region around the transverse occipital sulcus (previously known as “TOS”), here renamed the “occipital place area” (OPA). Are these regions not only preferentially activated by, but also causally involved in scene perception? Although past neuropsychological data imply a causal role in scene processing for PPA and RSC, no such evidence exists for OPA. Thus, to test the causal role of OPA in human adults, we delivered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the right OPA (rOPA) or the nearby face-selective right occipital face area (rOFA) while participants performed fine-grained perceptual discrimination tasks on scenes or faces. TMS over rOPA impaired discrimination of scenes but not faces, while TMS over rOFA impaired discrimination of faces but not scenes. In a second experiment, we delivered TMS to rOPA, or the object-selective right lateral occipital complex (rLOC), while participants performed categorization tasks involving scenes and objects. TMS over rOPA impaired categorization accuracy of scenes but not objects, while TMS over rLOC impaired categorization accuracy of objects but not scenes. These findings provide the first evidence that OPA is causally involved in scene processing, and further show that this causal role is selective for scene perception. Our findings illuminate the functional architecture of the scene perception system, and also argue against the “distributed coding” view in which each category-selective region participates in the representation of all objects.
Predicting Violent Behavior: An Assessment of Clinical Techniques

'. essential reading for those confronted with the ethical and professional dilemmas involved in predicting violent behavior. Lawyers are destined to become familiar with Monahan's book, and mental health professionals will surely want to keep a step ahead. ' -- Contemporary Psychology, Vol 27 No 2 '. In summary, Monahan's book is a very readable and succinct one. Often the reader finds himself saying ". well of course, what could be more obvious? " only to reflect for a minute and realize that many clinicians do not give many obvious relevant factors adequate weight in their assessments of dangerousness. Monahan's text is a very positive one which as he puts it, outlines for the clinician: "How to do it (predict violent behavior) and when to do it". Violent behavior must be viewed as the product of a dynamic interaction between an individual and situational/environmental variables. ' -- Canadian Journal of Criminology, Vol 24 No 3, July 1982 'Monahan's is an important and well-documented book that deserves to be read by all concerned with the practice and politics of predicting violent behavior. ' -- Contemporary Sociology, Vol 12 No 2, March 1983 'Monahan has taken a positive approach to a difficult area. He has delineated what can be done, and how, rather than wringing his hands about the problem. ' -- Journal of Security Administration, Vol.9,No. 2, December 1986@Q
Workplace bullying risk assessment in 12 Italian organizations

Purpose – This paper aims to propose an organizing framework of a possible relationship between working environment and bullying at work.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 926 Italian employees completed the Majer D'Amato Organizational Questionnaire 10 (MDOQ10) and the Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised (NAQ‐R) in order to test the relationship between climate and bullying.Findings – The study finds that organizational climate is a critical antecedent of bullying at work. Organizational climate dimensions at a singular level, and interaction among them, impact on bullying at work.Originality/value – The impact of working environment on bullying at work is supported.
Analysis of Massive MIMO and Base Station Cooperation in an Indoor Scenario

The performance of centralized and distributed massive MIMO deployments are analyzed for indoor office scenarios. The distributed deployments use one of the following precoding methods: (1) local precoding with local channel state information (CSI) to the user equipments (UEs) that it serves; (2) large-scale MIMO with local CSI to all UEs in the network; (3) network MIMO with global CSI. For the distributed deployments (2) and (3), it is shown that using twice as many base station antennas as data streams provides many of the massive MIMO benefits in terms of spectral efficiency and fairness. This is in contrast to the centralized deployment and the distributed deployment (1) where more antennas are needed. Two of the main conclusions are that distributing base stations helps to overcome wall penetration loss; however, a backhaul is required to mitigate inter-cell interference. The effect of estimation errors on the performance is also quantified.
The "lurnaround" Process

This article presents the findings of a research project designed to identify factors that contribute to the ability of at-risk high school students to make the transition from behavior pattems associated with academic failure to academic success. Based on open-ended interviews with 66 students, it describes, in their words, their experiences as elementary, junior high, and high school students; their reasons forfailing; and their motivations and supports for changing.
Is Private Schooling Becoming the Preferred Model of School Choice in Australia?

It is possible that private schools in Australia may soon become the major providers of education at the senior secondary level. In this paper I describe the context for public and private schooling and report trends that point to the likelihood of such an outcome. The complex arrangements for public and private funding make Australia a rare example of a “quasi-voucher” scheme in operation. I refer to the tight framework of accountability that may constrain the independence of the private sector in the future.
Child sexual abuse as a risk factor for sexual risk behaviours among socially disadvantaged adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria

This study documents the prevalence and association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and risky sexual behaviours among in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study with 1,079 boys and 1,211 girls was conducted in 22 socially disadvantaged public secondary schools in a suburb of Ibadan, Nigeria. A 70-item sexual risk behaviour questionnaire was used to collect information on lifetime and current sexual experiences. Fifty-five per cent of students reported to have ever experienced at least one form of CSA. Thirty-six per cent reported a history of intra-family CSA, whereas 46% had experienced inter-family CSA. Five hundred and sixty-four (24.6%) of these adolescents were sexually active at the time of the study. There was a strong relationship between having ever experienced CSA and sexual risk behaviours: adolescent boys and girls with CSA were three-fold as likely not to use condom at last vaginal intercourse; thrice as likely to engage in casual sex with a partner known for a day; twice as likely to drink alcohol heavily before sex; thrice for tobacco smoking and three- fold for STD. Logistic regression shows that the relationship between CSA and non-use of condom at last vaginal intercourse remained after controlling for age, family type, parents staying together and hawking after school. We found that experiences of CSA may precipitate risky sexual behaviours in this population. A structural and educational approach towards educating both adolescents and parents of the possible effect of CSA to sexual risk behaviours is presented in this article.
Spatial Patterns in Household Demand

This paper discusses economic processes that may give rise to spatial patterns in data and explores the relative merits of alternative modeling approaches when data are spatially correlated. An estimation scheme is presented that allows for spatial random effects and attention is focused on cases in which such a framework may be preferred to the more general fixed effects framework that nests it. The models presented are used together with information on the location of households in an Indonesian socioeconomic survey to test spatial relationships in Indonesian demand for rice. Copyright 1991 by The Econometric Society.
BMP Signaling Mediates Effects of Exercise on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition in Mice

Exposure to exercise or to environmental enrichment increases the generation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus and promotes certain kinds of learning and memory. While the precise role of neurogenesis in cognition has been debated intensely, comparatively few studies have addressed the mechanisms linking environmental exposures to cellular and behavioral outcomes. Here we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling mediates the effects of exercise on neurogenesis and cognition in the adult hippocampus. Elective exercise reduces levels of hippocampal BMP signaling before and during its promotion of neurogenesis and learning. Transgenic mice with decreased BMP signaling or wild type mice infused with a BMP inhibitor both exhibit remarkable gains in hippocampal cognitive performance and neurogenesis, mirroring the effects of exercise. Conversely, transgenic mice with increased BMP signaling have diminished hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired cognition. Exercise exposure does not rescue these deficits, suggesting that reduced BMP signaling is required for environmental effects on neurogenesis and learning. Together, these observations show that BMP signaling is a fundamental mechanism linking environmental exposure with changes in cognitive function and cellular properties in the hippocampus.
Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: two forms of violence against women

This article tackles two distinct types of couple violence occurring within families in the US and other Western countries. A review of data from a large sample survey and of qualitative and quantitative data collected from womens shelters indicates that some families suffer from occasional display of violence from either husbands or wives (common couple violence) while other families are terrorized by systematic male violence (patriarchal terrorism). Findings of national survey also reveal the incidences of spouse abuse perpetrated by either the husband or the wife in contrast to the reports received in shelter homes with high incidence of women abuse. The differences in the gender pattern of violence between the national surveys and the statistics collected by public agencies are due to their nonoverlapping of variables. Further discussed are per couple frequency patterns of behavior in terms of escalation and reciprocity and initiation of violence. Arguments are presented regarding the validity of two radically different descriptions of the nature of couple violence in the US. Finally the study emphasized that the difference between common couple violence and patriarchal terrorism is important due to its implications for the establishment of public policy the development of educational programs and intervention strategies and the development of theories of interpersonal violence.
An evaluation of potential mechanism-based inactivation of human drug metabolizing cytochromes P450 by monoamine oxidase inhibitors, including isoniazid.

AIMS To characterize potential mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of major human drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450 (CYP) by monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, including the antitubercular drug isoniazid. METHODS Human liver microsomal CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities were investigated following co- and preincubation with MAO inhibitors. Inactivation kinetic constants (KI and kinact) were determined where a significant preincubation effect was observed. Spectral studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation. RESULTS Hydrazine MAO inhibitors generally exhibited greater inhibition of CYP following preincubation, whereas this was less frequent for the propargylamines, and tranylcypromine and moclobemide. Phenelzine and isoniazid inactivated all CYP but were most potent toward CYP3A and CYP2C19. Respective inactivation kinetic constants (KI and kinact) for isoniazid were 48.6 microm and 0.042 min-1 and 79.3 microm and 0.039 min-1. Clorgyline was a selective inactivator of CYP1A2 (6.8 microm and 0.15 min-1). Inactivation of CYP was irreversible, consistent with metabolite-intermediate complexation for isoniazid and clorgyline, and haeme destruction for phenelzine. With the exception of phenelzine-mediated CYP3A inactivation, glutathione and superoxide dismutase failed to protect CYP from inactivation by isoniazid and phenelzine. Glutathione partially slowed (17%) the inactivation of CYP1A2 by clorgyline. Alternate substrates or inhibitors generally protected against CYP inactivation. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with mechanism-based inactivation of human drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes and suggest that impaired metabolic clearance may contribute to clinical drug-drug interactions with some MAO inhibitors.