Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional calpain and caspase‐3 proteolysis of α‐spectrin after traumatic brain injury

ACTIVITY of calpains and caspase-3 inferred from proteolysis of the cytoskeletal protein α-spectrin into signature spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) was used to provide the first systematic and simultaneous comparison of changes in activity of these two families of cysteine proteases after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Distinct regional and temporal patterns of calpain/caspase-3 processing of α-spectrin were observed in brain regions ipsilateral to the site of injury after TBI, including large increases of 145 kDa calpain-mediated SBDP in cortex (up to 30-fold), and enduring increases (up to 2 weeks) of 145 kDa SBDP in hippocampus and thalamus. By contrast, 120 kDa caspase-3-mediated SBDP was absent in cortex and showed up to a 2-fold increase in hippocampus and striatum at early (hours) after TBI. Future studies will clarify the pathological significance of large regional differences in activation of calpain and caspase-3 proteases after TBI.
Return visits and belonging to countries of origin among young people from refugee backgrounds

In this article, we explore the return visits of resettled young people from refugee backgrounds to their personal and/or ancestral countries of origin. We draw on qualitative data from a longitudinal study of people who fled their country of origin at an early age, many of whom were born or lived for protracted periods in countries of asylum, and resettled in Australia. We demonstrate that return visits are not simply a homecoming; the young people's narratives reflect ambivalent relationships to the homeland experienced across multiple domains of belonging. Accounts of return visits refer to three core domains of belonging – practical national belonging, family connection, and attachment to material places. We argue that a return visit gives these youths a valued opportunity to negotiate and develop their homeland connections, though not necessarily an unambiguous opportunity to belong.
Impacts of Organizational Culture on Leadershipâ€™s Decision- Making

Variances in cultural performances cause disagreement between team members. The aim of this paper is to explore the influences of organisational multi-culture on leadership decision-making process. Hypotheses were proposed to develop an appropriate conceptual research model. The data collection was accomplished using an online structured questionnaire survey with global respondents. 50 questionnaires were distributed and only 39 valid responds were returned. Correlation and regression statistical analysis was applied to measure the relationships between independent variables: cultural diversity, communication, teamwork, learning and development, trust, obligation and cohesion, productive team work with dependent variable: leadershipâ€™s decision-making. The findings show that leadershipâ€™s decision-making process was significantly influenced by organisational cultural diversity.
Comparing subspace clusterings

We present the first framework for comparing subspace clusterings. We propose several distance measures for subspace clusterings, including generalizations of well-known distance measures for ordinary clusterings. We describe a set of important properties for any measure for comparing subspace clusterings and give a systematic comparison of our proposed measures in terms of these properties. We validate the usefulness of our subspace clustering distance measures by comparing clusterings produced by the algorithms FastDOC, HARP, PROCLUS, ORCLUS, and SSPC. We show that our distance measures can be also used to compare partial clusterings, overlapping clusterings, and patterns in binary data matrices.
Differential clinical characteristics and prognosis of intraventricular conduction defects in patients with chronic heart failure

Intraventricular conduction defects (IVCDs) can impair prognosis of heart failure (HF), but their specific impact is not well established. This study aimed to analyse the clinical profile and outcomes of HF patients with LBBB, right bundle branch block (RBBB), left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and no IVCDs.
A story of culture and teaching: the complexity of teacher identity formation

ABSTRACT Research in teacher education repeatedly suggests that the background and underlying beliefs held by pre-service teachers about teaching and assessment act to shape their interpretations of ideas, powerfully influencing their praxis and their developing teacher identity. This paper explores how a young New Zealand secondary science teacher, raised and educated in Māori-medium and then English-medium New Zealand schools, develops his identity as a teacher as he navigates a range of educational contexts and experiences. His views on assessment provide a focus. The paper presents a case study drawn from a two-year longitudinal study, comprising a series of interviews with the teacher, as he transitioned from a university graduate to a qualified science teacher working in his first school. The complexity of teacher identity development is highlighted, particularly for teachers for whom cultural identity and indigenous world view is important. It suggests that beginning teachers need more time in their pre-service teacher education to reflect on the influence their formative educational experiences have on who they are becoming as a teacher.
A remark on accelerated block coordinate descent for computing the proximity operators of a sum of convex functions

We analyze alternating descent algorithms for minimizing the sum of a quadratic function and block separable non-smooth functions. In case the quadratic interactions between the blocks are pairwise, we show that the schemes can be accelerated, leading to improved convergence rates with respect to related accelerated parallel proximal descent. As an application we obtain very fast algorithms for computing the proximity operator of the 2D and 3D total variation.
Space-Time Polar Coded Modulation

The polar codes are proven to be capacity-achieving and are shown to have equivalent or even better finite-length performance than the turbo/LDPC codes under some improved decoding algorithms over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Polar coding is based on the so-called channel polarization phenomenon induced by a transform over the underlying binary-input channel. The channel polarization is found to be universal in many signal processing problems and has been applied to the coded modulation schemes. In this paper, the channel polarization is further extended to the multiple antenna transmission following a multilevel coding principle. The multiple-input multile-output (MIMO) channel under quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) are transformed into a series of synthesized binary-input channels under a three-stage channel transform. Based on this generalized channel polarization, the proposed space-time polar coded modulation (STPCM) scheme allows a joint optimization of the binary polar coding, modulation and MIMO transmission. In addition, a practical solution of polar code construction over the fading channels is also provided, where the fading channels are approximated by an AWGN channel which shares the same capacity with the original. The simulations over the MIMO channel with uncorrelated Rayleigh fast fading show that the proposed STPCM scheme can outperform the bit-interleaved turbo coded scheme in all the simulated cases, where the latter is adopted in many existing communication systems.
Endoscopic Ultrasound for Preoperative Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Meta-Analysis

Background Treatment options and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) depend on the primary tumor depth (T-staging) and regional lymph node status (N-staging). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has emerged as a useful staging tool, but studies regarding its benefits have been variable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EUS for detecting preoperative ESCC. Methods We included in our meta-analysis studies involving EUS-based staging of preoperative ESCC compared with pathological staging. Using a random-effects model, we performed a meta-analysis of the accuracy of EUS by calculating pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratio. In addition, we created a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Results Forty-four studies (n = 2880) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of T1 were 77% (95%CI: 73 to 80) and 95% (95%CI: 94 to 96). Among the T1 patients, EUS had a pooled sensitivity in differentiating T1a and T1b of 84% (95%CI: 80 to 88) and 83% (95%CI: 80 to 86), and a specificity of 91% (95%CI: 88 to 94) and 89% (95%CI: 86 to 92). To stage T4, EUS had a pooled sensitivity of 84% (95%CI: 79 to 89) and a specificity of 96% (95%CI: 95 to 97). The overall accuracy of EUS for T-staging was 79% (95%CI: 77 to 80), and for N-staging, 71% (95%CI: 69 to 73). Conclusions EUS has good diagnostic accuracy for staging ESCC, which has better performance in T1 sub-staging (T1a and T1b) and advanced disease (T4).
A non-Archimedean wave equation

Let K be a non-Archimedean local field with the normalized absolute value | � | . It is shown that a “plane wave” f(t + ! 1x1 + � � � + ! nxn), where f is a Bruhat-Schwartz complex-valued test function on K, (t, x1, . . . , xn) ∈ K n+1 , max 1≤j≤n |! j| = 1, satisfies, for any f, a certain homogeneous pseudo-differential equation, an analog of the classical wave equation. A theory of the Cauchy problem for this equation is developed.
Subclasses Defined by a Differential Operatorand Its Applications

In this paper we have introduced two new Subclasses? _? mp (? ,? ,? ) and of ? _? mp^+? (? ,? ,? )? , meromorphically univalent functions that are given by making use of differential operator. Using Differential Subordination principle we introduced and studied various properties and inclusion relationships of above defined subclasses, the outcomes which are concerned with Subordination properties. Some well-known properties of these subclasses have been studied. We extended the familiar concept of (n,? )-neighborhood functions to the above defined subclasses of univalent functions
Study the efficacy of Galactin Vet Bolus on milk yield in dairy cows

Galactogogues (or lactogogues) are medications or other substances believed to assist in the initiation, maintenance, or augmentation of maternal milk production. Milk production is a complex physiological process involving physical and emotional factors and the interaction of multiple hormones, the most important of which is believed to be prolactin. During stress milk production reduces. Milk production it self is stress for lactating cows. With parturition and expulsion of the placenta, progesterone falls and a full milk supply (Lactogenesis) is initiated (Neville et al., 1977). Through interaction with the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, dopamine agonists inhibit, and dopamine antagonists increase prolactin secretion and thereby milk production (endocrine control). Thereafter, prolactin levels gradually decrease but milk supply is maintained or increased by local feedback mechanisms (autocrine control) (Lawrence et al., 1999). Therefore, an increase in prolactin levels is needed to increase, but not maintain, milk supply. The medications used often exert their effects through antagonism of dopamine receptors, resulting in increased prolactin (Gabay, 2004). The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of polynutrient formulation, GALACTIN VET bolus of The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore contains powders of Leptadenia reticulata, Asparagus racemosus, Withania somnifera, Arundo donax, Cissampelos pareira, Foeniculum vulgare, and extracts of Eclipta alba and Solanum nigrum on quality and quantity of milk in dairy cows. Study the efficacy of Galactin Vet Bolus on milk yield in dairy cows
WHO BELIEVES IN RELIGIOUS EVIL? AN INVESTIGATION OF SOCIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF BELIEF IN SATAN, HELL, AND DEMONS

Very little research has been conducted on sociological patterns of belief in the existence of religious evil such as Satan, hell, or demons. This study uses data from the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey to assess whether sociodemographic factors are associated with belief in religious evil. Results indicate that as income and education levels increase belief in religious evil decreases. However, the effects of social class are conditioned by attendance at religious services, such that frequent attendance at religious services attenuates the influence of social class. In addition to the influence of class, results suggest that women and African Americans hold firmer beliefs in concepts of religious evil. For African Americans these beliefs are influenced by both current social location and religious traditions that incorporate a strong presence of the supernatural. Theoretically this connection is linked to increased suffering and hardship encountered due to holding a social position with less access to power and resources in a social system, with those in positions of disadvantage often looking for explanations in the form of religious evil. For women firmer belief in religious evil reflects higher religiosity for females generally.
Damage localization in structures. A pattern recognition perspective

The problem for damage detection and localization in structures is studied using an artificial intelligence approach. The structure is divided into sub-structures. The use of pattern recognition techniques is suggested to find the damaged substructure. The frequency response functions for a certain number of degrees of freedom for a number of frequencies are used to form the features. A mapping between the space, defined by the dynamic response of the structure in the frequency domain, and the space spanned by the features is used to develop a pattern recognition procedure. The pattern vectors and the standard samples defining the different classes are obtained using this mapping. Eventually a computer code (classifier) is built that can answer the question for the damage localization. * On leave from Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl.4 Acad. G. Bontchev str. ,1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Stem cell factor induction is associated with mast cell accumulation after canine myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction is associated with an intense inflammatory reaction leading to healing and scar formation. Because mast cells are a significant source of fibrogenic factors, we investigated mast cell accumulation and regulation of stem cell factor (SCF), a potent growth and tactic factor for mast cells, in the healing myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a canine model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we demonstrated a striking increase of mast cell numbers during the healing phase of a myocardial infarction. Mast cell numbers started increasing after 72 hours of reperfusion, showing maximum accumulation in areas of collagen deposition (12.0+/-2.6-fold increase; P<0.01) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The majority of proliferating cells were identified as alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts or factor VIII-positive endothelial cells. Mast cells did not appear to proliferate. Using a nuclease protection assay, we demonstrated induction of SCF mRNA within 72 hours of reperfusion. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that a subset of macrophages was the source of SCF immunoreactivity in the infarcted myocardium. SCF protein was not found in endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Intravascular tryptase-positive, FITC-avidin-positive, CD11b-negative mast cell precursors were noted in the area of healing and in the cardiac lymph after 48 to 72 hours of reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Mast cells increase in number in areas of collagen deposition and PCNA expression after myocardial ischemia. The data provide evidence of mast cell precursor infiltration into the areas of cellular injury. SCF is induced in a subset of macrophages infiltrating the healing myocardium. We suggest an important role for SCF in promoting chemotaxis and growth of mast cell precursors in the healing heart.
Discrimination of exudative pleural effusions based on multiple biological parameters

Pleural effusion is a common complication of various diseases. Conventional methods are not always capable of establishing the cause of pleural effusion, so alternative tests are needed. The aim of this study was to explore means of discriminating between different pleural effusion groups, malignant, parapneumonic and tuberculous, based on the combined function of seven biological markers. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), interferon-γ, C-reactive protein (CRP), carcinoembryonic antigen, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor concentration levels were measured in pleural fluid from 45 patients with malignant, 15 with parapneumonic and 12 with tuberculous pleural effusion. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, multinomial logit modelling and canonical variate analysis were applied to discriminate the pleural effusion groups. The three groups could be discriminated successfully using the measured markers. The most important parameters for discrimination were ADA and CRP concentration levels. An individual with an ADA concentration level of >45 U·L−1 and a CRP concentration of <4 mg·dL−1 was more likely to belong to the tuberculous pleural effusion group, whereas one with an ADA concentration level of <40 U·L−1 and a CRP concentration of >6 mg·dL−1 was more likely to belong to the parapneumonic pleural effusion group, and one with a CRP concentration of <4 mg·dL−1 to the malignant pleural effusion group. The combination of adenosine deaminase and C-reactive protein levels might be sufficient for discriminating between the three different groups of exudative pleural effusion: malignant, tuberculous and parapneumonic.
Public Perceptions of Self-Harm—A Test of an Attribution Model of Public Discrimination

This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study applied Corrigan, Markowitz, Watson, Rowan, and Kubiak’s (2003) attribution model of public discrimination toward individuals with mental ill-health to explore public perceptions of self-harm—an underresearched topic, given the size and scale of the problem of self-harm. Participants (community-based adult sample, N = 355, aged 18–67 years) were presented with 1 of 10, first-person, vignettes describing an episode of adolescent self-harm and completed self-report measures assessing dispositional empathy, familiarity with self-harm (professional; personal), perceived dangerousness, personal responsibility beliefs, emotional responses toward the person depicted in the vignette and helping/rejecting intentions. Vignettes were manipulated across conditions for the controllability of the stated cause (controllable; uncontrollable; unknown), stated motivation for self-harm (intrapersonal; interpersonal; unknown) and presentation format (video; text). Across the sample, attitudes were largely tolerant, with significantly higher levels of sympathetic than fearful or angry responding and significantly higher endorsement of helping responses than avoidance, segregative or coercive approaches. The manipulation of controllability of cause (controllable; uncontrollable), but not stated motivation (intrapersonal; interpersonal), was related to differences in cognitive, emotional or behavioral responding. Taken together, results were largely consistent with the attribution model, suggesting this may be a useful framework for understanding public perceptions of self-harm.
Downsizing by shutdown in red galaxies

We address the origin of the 'downsizing' of elliptical galaxies, according to which the stars in more massive galaxies formed earlier and over a shorter period than those in less massive galaxies. We show that this could be the natural result of a shutdown of star formation in dark matter haloes above a critical mass of ∼10 12 M ⊙ . This is demonstrated using a semi-analytic simulation of galaxy formation within the standard hierarchical scenario of structure formation. The assumed threshold mass is motivated by the prediction of stable shock heating above this mass and the finding that such a shutdown reproduces the observed distribution of galaxies in luminosity and colour. The shutdown at a critical halo mass introduces a characteristic stellar mass for the transition of galaxies into the 'red sequence' of the galaxy colour-magnitude diagram. Central galaxies of haloes that are more massive today have reached this mass earlier and can therefore grow further along the red sequence by dry mergers, ending up more massive and containing older stars. Small galaxies formed in haloes below the critical mass can shutdown late, when they fall into haloes above the critical mass and become satellites. While our semi-analytic simulation that incorporates an explicit shutdown reproduces downsizing as inferred from the stellar ages of ellipticals, we explain why it is much harder to detect downsizing using the mass functions of different galaxy types.
USING PI LAMBDA AND THE BONFERRONI INEQUALITY TO EXTEND TIME SERIES TESTS TO PANEL DATA

In the financial field much of the data available is in panel form. Nevertheless, some researchers convert these data into indices in order to facilitate its use. Today, because of the availability of software programs, it is easier than in the past to handle panel data in those instances where its use is preferable to the use of indices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the long run equilibrium relationship between prices and fundamentals while proposing a very simple method of extending time series models to panel data. Although this method has multiple applications, here we are solely concerned with investigating the cointegrating relationship between prices and fundamentals with data expressed in panel form. This method has several characteristics that make it appealing. First, it is simple to implement (efficient). Second, it is general in scope (can be applied to many tests). Third, it takes into account arbitrary correlations (for example, among firms). Fourth, it does not require making unrealistic assumptions (such as the assumption of independence among firms within the same market). Our results are supportive of Han’s (1996) in that we do not find cointegration between fundamentals and prices.
Complex Production Processes and Wage Inequality

This paper studies how changes in the complexity of the firms' production technologies affect wage differences between and within tasks. In a production process where tasks are complementary, the employer may have an incentive to pay higher wages when using more complex technologies because the output of such processes is more effort-sensitive. We use linked employer-employee data from the Finnish metal industry. These data provide quantified information on the complexity of the tasks of individual workers. The average complexity of the tasks in the firm is used as a proxy for the complexity of the production process. We estimate the effect of the complexity of the production process on hourly wages at different levels of complexity of the worker's own tasks and at different parts of the conditional wage distribution within tasks. We find that the complexity of the firm's production process increases wages in all the tasks but that there are no significant differences in this effect across tasks. Finally, the effect of the complexity of the production process tends to be stronger at the high end of the conditional wage distribution within tasks.