Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brachial Plexus Block with the Nerve Stimulator:: Motor Response Characteristics at Three Sites

Background and Objectives. Differences in motor response patterns, minimum electrical currents, and success rates using a nerve stimulator for brachial plexus block were determined for the interscalene, supraclavicular, and axillary approaches. Methods. Supervised, resident physicians performed 106 brachial plexus blocks. For each block, the minimum stimulating current, the strongest joint motion at the minimum current immediately before local anesthetic injection, presence or absence of other joint motion, and anesthetic success or failure were recorded. Results. In the interscalene group ( n = 43), strongest joint motions clustered at the shoulder (40%) and elbow (54%). In the supraclavicular group ( n = 29), strongest joint motions distributed bimodally at the elbow (62%) and fingers (31%). In the axillary group ( n = 34), strongest joint motions clustered at the wrist (35%) and fingers (61%). Overall, concurrent, weaker joint motion was observed in 26% ( p not significant). Overall, the minimum current producing visually observable or palpable upper extremity motor responses was 0.69 ± 0.02 mA (mean ± SEM, range 0.2-1.5). No significant differences were found for minimum currents by site of approach, presence or absence of weaker joint motion, or success or failure of anesthesia. The overall success rate was 89%, with the rate being 91% for interscalene, 97% for supraclavicular, and 79% for axillary approaches ( p not significant). Within the axillary group, elbow flexion as the strongest joint motion was a significant predictors of failure compared with other responses ( p < 0.05). Conclusions. Localization of the brachial plexus with the nerve stimulator is equally effective at the interscalene, supraclavicular, and axillary sites. Current values in the range reported have no predictive value for success. Advantages of the nerve stimulator for brachial plexus block include an objective endpoint and continuous feedback.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES

drug, all patients who developed rheumatic fever after forty-five days from the onset of the observed illness were excluded for the purposes of discussion in this study. On this basis there were only two definite cases of rheumatic fever among patients treated with penicillin and 28 cases among those in the control group. This difference in incidence is claimed to be, and certainly appears to be, highly significant. Penicillin therapy was also found to eradicate the streptococcus from the oropharynx of the majority of infected persons and to inhibit the formation of antistreptolysin. The greatest inhibition of antibody resulted from three injections of penicillin given over a period of ninety-six hours and totalling 1,200,000 units; the effect was greater than that from either a single injection of 600,000 units or two injections of 300,000 units each, given seventy-two hours apart. Wannamaker and his colleagues quote evidence which suggests but does not establish that eradication of the streptococcus itself from the throat is not necessarily related to the prevention of rheumatic fever. It would appear, on the other hand, that the ideal form of preventive therapy would be that which inhibited antibody production to the maximum degree. Sulphonamldes only slightly inhibit antibody production. Aureomycin has a considerable inhibitory effect, and also decreases the number of organisms, and its use may result in a diminished incidence of rheumatic fever. Penicillin administration results in the eradication of the streptococcus, a reduction in antibody production and a decrease in the incidence of rheumatic fever.
Grid-synchronization modeling and its stability analysis for multi-paralleled three-phase inverter systems

Synchronization instability issue and the corresponding low-frequency power oscillation phenomenon between synchronous generators were already found in electric power systems and addressed by various solutions. However, the grid-synchronization behaviors and the potential instabilities between multi-paralleled power electronic inverters have not been well-understood due to the different synchronization mechanisms. This paper presents a set of small-signal modeling methodologies to predict the low-frequency behaviors of the grid-synchronization loops in multi-paralleled inverter systems. The proposed model can predict the low-frequency unstable oscillation in large-penetrated renewable-energy systems as well as assess the effectiveness of frequency-based islanding-detection under multi-paralleled inverter conditions.
The importance of emotional display rules for employee well-being: A multi-group comparison

‘Serving with a smile’ has generally been associated with negative effects for employee well-being. The present study investigated whether emotional display rules also relate to positive outcomes by distinguishing demands to suppress negative emotional response (negative display rules) from demands to express positive emotions (positive display rules). In line with the job demands-resources model, outcomes involved emotional exhaustion and work engagement. Participants were employees in three occupational groups in the human service profession: sales (N = 480), healthcare (N = 399), and education (N = 220). The outcomes of a multi-group analysis in LISREL revealed for all three occupational groups that negative display rules were related to emotional exhaustion while positive display rules were associated with work engagement. Together, these findings suggest that ‘serving with a smile’ can enhance employee well-being, when the emphasis is on showing positive affects instead of suppressing negative affects.
Emotional Modulation of Pain: Is It the Sensation or What We Recall?

Emotions modulate pain perception, although the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. In this study, we show that intensity reports significantly increased when painful stimuli were concomitant to images showing human pain, whereas pictures with identical emotional values but without somatic content failed to modulate pain. Early somatosensory responses (<200 ms) remained unmodified by emotions. Conversely, late responses showed a significant enhancement associated with increased pain ratings, localized to the right prefrontal, right temporo-occipital junction, and right temporal pole. In contrast to selective attention, which enhances pain ratings by increasing sensory gain, emotions triggered by seeing other people's pain did not alter processing in SI–SII (primary and second somatosensory areas), but may have biased the transfer to, and the representation of pain in short-term memory buffers (prefrontal), as well as the affective assignment to this representation (temporal pole). Memory encoding and recall, rather than sensory processing, appear to be modulated by empathy with others' physical suffering.
Mean flow of turbulent–laminar patterns in plane Couette flow

A turbulent–laminar banded pattern in plane Couette flow is studied numerically. This pattern is statistically steady, is oriented obliquely to the streamwise direction, and has a very large wavelength relative to the gap. The mean flow, averaged in time and in the homogeneous direction, is analysed. The flow in the quasi-laminar region is not the linear Couette profile, but results from a non-trivial balance between advection and diffusion. This force balance yields a first approximation to the relationship between the Reynolds number, angle, and wavelength of the pattern. Remarkably, the variation of the mean flow along the pattern wavevector is found to be almost exactly harmonic: the flow can be represented via only three cross-channel profiles as U(x, y, z) ≈ U0(y) + Uc(y) cos(kz) + Us(y) sin(kz). A model is formulated which relates the cross-channel profiles of the mean flow and of the Reynolds stress. Regimes computed for a full range of angle and Reynolds number in a tilted rectangular periodic computational domain are presented. Observations of regular turbulent–laminar patterns in other shear flows – Taylor–Couette, rotor–stator, and plane Poiseuille – are compared.
The Impact of Indian Dramas on Language and Dressing of Females

This study investigates the “Impact of Indian dramas on language and dressing of females of village Sehowal district Sialkot” through survey using a questionnaire as a tool of data collection. It targeted 100 women aged 16- 30 years and viewing cable television for a minimum two years. The study recorded the respondent’s consumption patterns, level of viewing, preferred channels, favorite watching time, and control over remote. It checked the above factors with the age group and marital status with demographic characteristics of the respondents. Results show that Indian media trying to cultivate their culture in our society, females even in the village area like Indian dresses and use Hindi words Intentionally or unintentionally but there is the slight changes occur in Interaction pattern.
The Relation of Child Age, Gender, and Number of Children to the Marital Adjustment of Wives.

This study compared the marital adjustment and emotional quality of the home environments of 210 employed wives in four family categories: mothers with infants, mothers with preschool-aged children, mothers with both infants and preschool children, and wives with no children. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Family Relations Index were administered to evaluate the effects of child age, gender, and number on the quality of wives' marriages. As in previous research, childless wives reported higher levels of marital adjustment and emotional quality of the home environment than the combined category of mothers when the responses of the mothers were pooled across all child groups. However, further analyses, using planned directional contrasts, revealed that the differences were primarily due to mothers with two children and mothers with male children. Mothers with female children reported no significant differences in marital adjustment and emotional quality of the home environment when compared with the childless wives. Results of this study suggest that decreased levels of marital quality may be specific to mothers with certain types of children.
Improving Science Vocabulary of High School English Language Learners With Reading Disabilities

This study investigated the effects of a combined contextual and morphemic analysis strategy to increase prediction and analysis of science vocabulary words by three high school (9th–10th grade) English language learners with reading disabilities. A multiple baseline across participants design was used. Students analyzed science words using the Clue Word Strategy (CWS). Dependent measures examined strategy use, morpheme and knowledge, and reading comprehension. In addition, student acceptability of the strategy was assessed. Results indicated that the CWS both increased and maintained students’ proficiency in analyzing science vocabulary. In addition, students enjoyed using the CWS strategy and recommended it to peers. Implications and limitations of the findings are delineated.
Teams : From 'Ideology' to Analysis

This paper challenges the thesis of Sinclair (1992) that current managerial experimentation with teams can be understood using the concept of a 'team ideology'. The latter notion is shown to be reductionist, preventing a proper historical and sociological analysis of the phenomenon. The theoretical value of long-standing contingency approaches for such an analysis is reaffirmed, but their limits are also outlined in order to clarify the directions organizational theory must take to fully understand the delicate 'embedding' of teams in organizations.
Public opinions on biological diversity in Norway: Politics, science, or culture?

Loss of biological diversity is among the most pressing environmental problems facing modern societies. Whereas today much is known about peoples' opinions on climate change, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding how people asses the issue of biological diversity. The article represents a step towards a better understanding of public opinions on the issue of biodiversity, and hence also of the prerequisites and possibilities for a more or less vigorous or legitimate policy on this issue. The analyses show that social background matters for concern about biodiversity, but only to a certain extent: women are less negative towards biodiversity protection than men, the older segments of the population, at least in Norway, are less concerned with biodiversity, and education has only a marginal effect. Hence, to a large extent, political attitudes matter and indicate that concern for biodiversity seems to work by various types of available heuristics whereby a given case is linked to political understandings of other and similar and/or familiar issues. The inclusion of other political variables (local decision-making) and what the authors label ‘cultural variables’ (e.g. view of nature and trust in science) seem also to matter decisively for attitudes towards biodiversity.
Bipolar I Disorder and Schizophrenia : A 440 – Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Screen of 64 Candidate Genes among Ashkenazi Jewish

Bipolar, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorders are common, highly heritable psychiatric disorders, for which familial coaggregation, as well as epidemiological and genetic evidence, suggests overlapping etiologies. No definitive susceptibility genes have yet been identified for any of these disorders. Genetic heterogeneity, combined with phenotypic imprecision and poor marker coverage, has contributed to the difficulty in defining risk variants. We focused on families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, to reduce genetic heterogeneity, and, as a precursor to genomewide association studies, we undertook a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping screen of 64 candidate genes (440 SNPs) chosen on the basis of previous linkage or of association and/or biological relevance. We genotyped an average of 6.9 SNPs per gene, with an average density of 1 SNP per 11.9 kb in 323 bipolar I disorder and 274 schizophrenia or schizoaffective Ashkenazi case-parent trios. Using single-SNP and haplotype-based transmission/ disequilibrium tests, we ranked genes on the basis of strength of association ( ). Six genes (DAO, GRM3, P ! .01 GRM4, GRIN2B, IL2RB, and TUBA8) met this criterion for bipolar I disorder; only DAO has been previously associated with bipolar disorder. Six genes (RGS4, SCA1, GRM4, DPYSL2, NOS1, and GRID1) met this criterion for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder; five replicate previous associations, and one, GRID1, shows a novel association with schizophrenia. In addition, six genes (DPYSL2, DTNBP1, G30/G72, GRID1, GRM4, and NOS1) showed overlapping suggestive evidence of association in both disorders. These results may help to prioritize candidate genes for future study from among the many suspected/proposed for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. They provide further support for shared genetic susceptibility between these two disorders that involve glutamatesignaling pathways.
Reimagining the Role of School Libraries in STEM Education: Creating Hybrid Spaces for Exploration

In recent years, many technological interventions have surfaced, such as virtual worlds, games, and digital labs, that aspire to link young people’s interest in media technology and social networks to learning about science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) areas. Despite the tremendous interest surrounding young people and STEM education, the role of school libraries in these initiatives is rarely examined. In this article, we outline a sociocultural approach to explore how school library programs can play a critical role in STEM education and articulate the need for research that examines the contributions of school libraries as potential hybrid spaces for STEM learning. We propose that school library programs become active participants in STEM learning through the specific roles that school librarians currently play in schools, such as information specialist, instructional partner, and technology ally. We also highlight how these roles can be tailored toward helping young people develop STEM identities.
The Interactive Effects of Sales Presentation, Suspicion, and Positive Mood on Salesperson Evaluations and Purchase Intentions

Although investigations into the independent effects of sales presentation, suspicion, and mood on persuasion are plentiful, research examining how positive mood can impact the interplay between consumer suspicion and sales presentation strength is nonexistent. To address this void in the literature, we develop a theoretical model that considers how presentation strength, suspicion, and consumer mood may combine to influence evaluations of salesperson skill as well as intentions to purchase the recommended offering. Two studies provide converging evidence supporting the potential for positive mood to eliminate the interaction between suspicion and presentation strength reported in previous research (DeCarlo 2005). Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed
Sorption Characteristics for Multiple Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Activated Carbon from Nigerian Bamboo

Sorption characteristics of multiple adsorption of six heavy metal ions often found in refinery waste waters using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was investigated. The bamboo was cut, washed and dried. It was carbonized between 350℃ - 500℃, and activated at 800℃ using nitric acid. Simultaneous batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) in same aqueous solution using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was carried out. The adsorption process had a better fit for the Freundlich, Temkin isotherm and Dubinin-Radushke-vich (DRK) isotherm models but could not fit well into Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption isotherms showed that there is competition among various metals for adsorption sites on Nigerian bamboo. The DRK model was used to determine the nature of the sorption process and was found to be physical and chemical, with sorption energy of metal ions ranging from (7 - 10 kJ/mol). The adsorption of Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions was chemisorptions and that of Cu2+ and Cr3+ ions was cooperative adsorption. Therefore, this study revealed that Nigerian bamboo can serve as a good source of activated carbon with multiple and simultaneous metalions—removing potentials and may serve as a better replacement for commercial activated carbons in applications that warrant their use.
Improving time to antibiotics and implementing the “Sepsis 6”

Abstract It has been shown that completion of the "Sepsis 6" within 1 hour reduces mortality (1). This project aims to assess compliance with this standard and evaluate the effectiveness of a sepsis improvement plan in a district general hospital in the UK. A baseline audit was performed, examining case notes of “septic patients” retrospectively (those on intravenous antibiotics). Compliance with each element of the sepsis six plus time to first antibiotic (TTFA) was assessed. A sepsis improvement plan was introduced consisting of staff education, reinforcing vigilance, regular multidisciplinary meetings and incorporating a standardised approach through the use of a sepsis proforma. Following the introduction of this, and after some refinement, the average time to antibiotic fell from 6 hours to 1.4 hours. In conclusion, an educational drive along with a systematic change in processes has seen reduced TTFA along with enhanced compliance with most elements of the sepsis 6. Through continued assessment and further improving upon systematic processes with continued education we would anticipate consistent improvement in the management of septic patients.
Enhancing region-based object tracking with the SP-SIFT feature

Existing tracking approaches are design-varied. Several features have been proposed to describe low, mid and high level cues and used to drive frame to frame tracking correspondences under mainly two strategies: purely matching and discriminative matching. However, despite the enormous amount of approaches proposed, single object tracking is still an unresolved task. In this paper we explore a, to our knowledge, new tracking approach that combines the cues at each tracking level that are currently considered the best among the existing possibilities. In this sense, point of interest (POI) descriptions are used to characterize mid-level region-based cues. These cues define a discriminative scheme whereby new instances are either classified as tracked target or surrounding background. In order to assess the advantages of our proposal, we have selected a top-ranked algorithm in the state-of-the-art, based on the use of mid-level cues, and we have integrated the SP-SIFT feature, a POI descriptor, into its scene model and decision scheme. Results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the selected base tracking algorithm by increasing the discriminative capacity of its description feature.
Circulating glucagon is associated with inflammatory mediators in metabolically compromised subjects.

BACKGROUND Acute phase mediators promote metabolic changes by modifying circulating hormones. However, there is virtually no data about the link between glucagon and inflammatory parameters in obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation. STUDY DESIGN We performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies. METHODS Circulating glucagon concentrations (ELISA), parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, interleukin 6 (IL6), and complement factor B (CFB) were analyzed in 316 subjects (250 men and 66 women). The effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of 20 subjects. RESULTS Circulating glucagon significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.407, P<0.0001), HbAlc (r=0.426, P<0.0001), fasting triglycerides (r=0.356, P=0.001), and parameters of innate immune response system such as IL6 (r=0.342, P=0.050) and CFB (r=0.404, P=0.002) in obese subjects with altered glucose tolerance, but not in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In obese and NGT subjects, glucagon was associated with fasting triglycerides (r=0.475, P=0.003) and CFB (r=0.624, P=0.001). In obese subjects, glucagon (P=0.019) and CFB (P=0.002) independently contributed to 26% of fasting triglyceride variance (P<0.0001) after controlling for the effects of age and fasting serum glucose concentration in multiple lineal regression models. Moreover, concomitant with fat mass, fasting triglycerides, and CFB, weight loss led to significantly decreased circulating glucagon (-23.1%, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS According to the current results, acute phase reactants such as IL6 and CFB are associated with fasting glucagon in metabolically compromised subjects. This suggests that glucagon may be behind the association between inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation.
Toward a reconciliation of diverging perspectives on interindividual-intergroup discontinuity: The role of procedural interdependence

Abstract This experiment investigated the effect of procedural interdependence on interindividual–intergroup discontinuity (i.e., the tendency within mixed-motive situations for intergroup interactions to be more competitive than interindividual interactions) in Dutch and U.S. college populations. Groups composed of members who were procedurally interdependent, groups composed of members who were procedurally independent, and individuals interacted with a programmed other on three trials of a Prisoner's Dilemma Game. Results across trials indicate that procedurally interdependent group members were more competitive than pooled procedurally independent group members and individuals. The latter two conditions did not differ significantly. No significant effects involving participant nationality were observed. We propose that these findings reconcile diverging perspectives on interindividual–intergroup discontinuity.