Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affective Factors That Influence Chemistry Achievement (Motivation and Anxiety) and the Power of These Factors to Predict Chemistry Achievement-II

In this research, motivation and anxiety for Chemistry course of 819 high school students attending 10 different high schools located in the city center of Mersin, were investigated. Anxiety and motivation scales developed towards Chemistry course by researchers were used as an instrument to collect the data. To provide evidence reliability and validity of scales, test re-test reliability and Crα (Cronbach Alpha, item-total test score correlations and factor analysis have been conducted on data. In order to find reach our research problem and sub problems, descriptive statistic, t tests, simple and multiple lineer regression analysis and variance analysis have been performed. In this study, it was determined that while 2 nd grade students of high school have the highest motivation for chemistry course, 1 st grade students possess the highest anxiety level for chemistry course, as well. Also, it was found out that the motivation and anxiety for chemistry lesson, on their own, is a significant predictor of chemistry achievement’
PARTICIPATORY VERSUS LECTURE/DISCUSSION PRERETIREMENT EDUCATION: A COMPARISON

To evaluate an alternative to the lecture and discussion preretirement education model, employees were quasirandomly assigned to either a participatory learner course section, a lecture and discussion course section, or a nontreat‐ment control group. Each group was administered a pretest, a posttest, and a second questionnaire. The participatory learner group scored significantly higher than the lecture and discussion group on the 2 perceived involvement scales: perceived participation and perceived control. The participatory learner group scored higher than the lecture and discussion group on 1 of 3 information gain scales, 3 of 3 attitude gain scales, and 2 of 3 behavior gain scales. The participatory learner group scored significantly higher than the lecture and discussion group on 1 of those gain scales: attitudes toward retirement. Adjusting for either perceived participation or perceived control improved the scores of the lecture and discussion group vis‐a‐vis the scores of the participatory learner.
Assessing heat-adhesive emulsions for tack coats

The use of conventional emulsions for tack coats can cause problems as they frequently stick to the tyres of construction vehicles. Consequently, the bond between the asphalt layers is inadequate. Recently, new types of emulsions have been developed from very low-penetration bitumen that contain no flux. They are known as ‘heat-adhesive’ emulsions and they are resistant to construction vehicles. However, the adhesive ability of these new emulsions has not previously been studied closely, particularly at low temperatures. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of different heat-adhesive emulsions and to verify their performance in service in comparison with the response of a conventional emulsion. For this reason a new shear test—the LCB test—has been developed. This test is carried out at different temperatures, both on laboratory specimens and on cores extracted from recently constructed pavements, where the same emulsions and dosages have been used. It is the modified heat-adhesive emulsion .
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Diagnosed by Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test in Post-cholecystectomy Patients

Background/Aims Patients undergoing cholecystectomy may have small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of SIBO in patients with intestinal symptoms following cholecystectomy. Methods Sixty-two patients following cholecystectomy, 145 with functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs), and 30 healthy controls undergoing hydrogen (H2)-methane (CH4) glucose breath test (GBT) were included in the study. Before performing GBT, all patients were interrogated using bowel symptom questionnaire. The positivity to GBT indicating the presence of SIBO, gas types and bowel symptoms were surveyed. Results Post-cholecystectomy patients more often had SIBO as evidenced by a positive (+) GBT than those with FGID and controls (29/62, 46.8% vs 38/145, 26.2% vs 4/30, 13.3%, respectively; P = 0.010). In the gas types, the GBT (H2) + post-cholecystectomy patients was significantly higher than those in FGIDs patients (P = 0.017). Especially, positivity to fasting GBT (H2) among the GBT (H2)+ post-cholecystectomy patients was high, as diagnosed by elevated fasting H2 level. The GBT+ group had higher symptom scores of significance or tendency in abdominal discomfort, bloating, chest discomfort, early satiety, nausea, and tenesmus than those of the GBT negative group. The status of cholecystectomy was the only significant independent factor for predicting SIBO. Conclusions The SIBO with high levels of baseline H2 might be the important etiologic factor of upper GI symptoms for post-cholecystectomy patients.
The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model

Emotion is conceptualised as an emergent, dynamic process based on an individual's subjective appraisal of significant events. It is argued that theoretical models of emotion need to propose an architecture that reflects the essential nature and functions of emotion as a psychobiological and cultural adaptation mechanism. One proposal for such a model and its underlying dynamic architecture, the component process model, is briefly sketched and compared with some of its major competitors. Recent empirical evidence in support of the model is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the dynamic aspect of emotion processes, in particular the sequence of appraisal checks and the synchronisation of response systems, as well as the capacity of the model to predict individual differences in emotional responding.
Forest Fire Modeling and Early Detection using Wireless Sensor Networks

Early detection of forest fires is the primary way of minimizing their damages. We present the design of a wireless sensor network for early detection of forest fires. We first present the key aspects in modeling forest fires according to the Fire Weather Index (FWI) System which is one of the most comprehensive forest fire danger rating systems in North America. Then, we model the forest fire detection problem as a node k-coverage problem (k ≥ 1) in wireless sensor networks. We propose approximation algorithms for the node k-coverage problem which is shown to be NP-hard. We present a constant-factor centralized algorithm, and a fully distributed version which does not require sensors know their locations. Our simulation study demonstrates that our algorithms: activate near-optimal number of sensors, converge much faster than other algorithms, significantly prolong (almost double) the network lifetime, and can achieve unequal monitoring of different zones in the forest.
'Being in Between': Art-science Collaborations and a Technological Culture

Recent experimental collaborations in the United Kingdom have brought artists and scientists together in order to explore new possibilities for research. There is a particular sense of timeliness felt by organizers and participants of these projects that, in part, mirrors concerns about the trajectory and implications of scientific research more generally in society. Faith in the transformative power of tech nology is combined with explicit concerns over how much control humanity is able to exert over the dynamic of technological devel opment. Highlighting an analogy with Papua New Guinean ritual, I suggest that the scheme discussed here is one of a number of ways in which people attempt to take control over powerful forces beyond their everyday experience—in this case, the apparently 'runaway' character of technological development and the implications that this development has for social change. The article is framed by a discus sion of the role of social-scientific evaluation in the scheme.
The Continuing Trouble with Collaboration: Teachers Talk

The institutionalization of collaborative working environments is widely considered to be critical to the creation and maintenance of schools as professional learning communities. Prevailing thought suggests that improved student performance may be fully realized only when teachers routinely function as teams and abandon their traditional norms of isolationism and individualism. This interpretive study involving teachers in 45 North Louisiana schools suggests that while some schools and school districts are indeed characterized by elements of the `learning community' others remain largely mired in customary practices that are counterproductive to realizing the newer collaborative standards. Participating teachers report that, despite the rhetoric, major impediments to joint professional work remain and they make suggestions for better meeting the continuing collaborative challenge.
Innervation of Histaminergic Tuberomammillary Neurons by GABAergic and Galaninergic Neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus of the Rat

The tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is the major source of histaminergic innervation of the mammalian brain and is thought to play a major role in regulating wake–sleep states. We recently found that sleep-active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) provide a major input to the TMN, but the specificity of this projection and the neurotransmitters involved remain unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship of VLPO efferents to the TMN using both retrograde and anterograde tracing, combined with immunocytochemistry. We found that the descending projection from the VLPO selectively targets the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of the histaminergic TMN. In addition, VLPO axons could be traced into the brainstem, where they provided terminals in the the serotoninergic dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and the core of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. Approximately 80% of the VLPO neurons that were retrogradely labeled by tracer injections including the TMN were immunoreactive either for galanin or for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the synthetic enzyme for GABA. Virtually all of the galaninergic neurons in the VLPO were also GAD positive. Our results indicate that the VLPO may provide inhibitory GABAergic and galaninergic inputs to the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of the TMN and other components of the ascending monoaminergic arousal system. Because these cell groups are simultaneously inhibited during sleep, the VLPO sleep-active neurons may play a key role in silencing the ascending monoaminergic arousal system during sleep.
The politicization of indigenous identities in Peru

Until now, scholars have argued that, unlike other Latin American countries with sizable indigenous populations, indigenous politics are largely unimportant in Peru because indigenous-based parties or national-level movements are absent. Rather than focusing solely on the emergence of indigenous parties or movements, which ignores the larger consequence of individuals' indigenous identifications for electoral politics, we argue that it is more important to examine the emergence of indigenous political divisions and their effects on indigenous representation. Using data from the World Values Survey across the presidential elections of 1995, 2001, and 2006, we show that, as indigenous identity has become more carefully defined, indigenous voting divisions have emerged in Peru, and concomitantly, parties have begun to recognize and respond to these divisions.
Humor and strengths of character

Humor in the Values in Action (VIA) Classification of Strengths is conceptualized as a unipolar and unidimensional strength and is subsumed under the virtue of transcendence. Its scope is intentionally restricted to forms of humor that serve some moral good. The present study (N = 203) investigated the relation between five dimensions of humorous conduct, sense of humor, and the VIA-Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). Results show (1) that the VIA-humor correlated with socially warm and competent humor, and the sense of humor, all with a common basis in humanity. (2) Each humor style showed relations to strengths. Additionally, strengths related to the virtue of temperance were also related to not showing mean-spirited and earthy forms of humor. Hence, humor in the VIA-IS can be well-located in established humor taxonomies, but does not cover all of the virtue-related humorous behaviors. Further research is requested to investigate the role of virtue in humor.
Object Oriented Mutation Applied in Java Application programming Interface and C++ Classes

Mutation analysis is a powerful and computationally expensive technique that measures the effectiveness of test cases for revealing faults. The principal expense of mutation analysis is that many faulty versions of the program under test, culled mutants, must be repeatedly executed. We survey several aspects of reconstruction of complex object-oriented faults on the java API. Application of object-oriented mutation operators in java programs using a parser-based tool can be precise but requires compilation of mutants. In this paper we approach the mutation on Object Oriented features to test the functionality. For this we consider java and C++ programs.
Inuestigating explicitation of conjunctions in translated Chinese: A corpus-based study

Abstract This article presents an initial attempt to explore cohesive explicitation of conjunctions in a machine-readable corpus of English source texts and their Chinese translations. The study makes use of an English—Chinese parallel corpus and some software tools to investigate the phenomenon of explicitation in a systematic way Results of a pilot study are presented to indicate the potential and problems of using corpus techniques to investigate wide-spread features of translated texts in Asian languages like Chinese.
Valuing Time-Varying Attributes Using the Hedonic Model: When Is a Dynamic Approach Necessary?

Abstract We build on the intuitive (static) modeling framework of Rosen (1974) and specify a simple, forward-looking model of location choice. We use this model, along with a series of graphs, to describe the potential biases associated with the static model and relate these biases to the time series of the amenity of interest. We then derive an adjustment factor that allows the potentially biased static estimates to be converted into forwardlooking estimates. Finally, we illustrate these concepts with two empirical applications: the marginal willingness to pay to avoid violent crime and the marginal willingness to pay to avoid air pollution.
Weak Convergence Properties of Constrained Emphatic Temporal-difference Learning with Constant and Slowly Diminishing Stepsize

We consider the emphatic temporal-difference (TD) algorithm, ETD($\lambda$), for learning the value functions of stationary policies in a discounted, finite state and action Markov decision process. The ETD($\lambda$) algorithm was recently proposed by Sutton, Mahmood, and White to solve a long-standing divergence problem of the standard TD algorithm when it is applied to off-policy training, where data from an exploratory policy are used to evaluate other policies of interest. The almost sure convergence of ETD($\lambda$) has been proved in our recent work under general off-policy training conditions, but for a narrow range of diminishing stepsize. In this paper we present convergence results for constrained versions of ETD($\lambda$) with constant stepsize and with diminishing stepsize from a broad range. Our results characterize the asymptotic behavior of the trajectory of iterates produced by those algorithms, and are derived by combining key properties of ETD($\lambda$) with powerful convergence theorems from the weak convergence methods in stochastic approximation theory. For the case of constant stepsize, in addition to analyzing the behavior of the algorithms in the limit as the stepsize parameter approaches zero, we also analyze their behavior for a fixed stepsize and bound the deviations of their averaged iterates from the desired solution. These results are obtained by exploiting the weak Feller property of the Markov chains associated with the algorithms, and by using ergodic theorems for weak Feller Markov chains, in conjunction with the convergence results we get from the weak convergence methods. Besides ETD($\lambda$), our analysis also applies to the off-policy TD($\lambda$) algorithm, when the divergence issue is avoided by setting $\lambda$ sufficiently large.
Role of tumour markers in monitoring epithelial ovarian cancer

Currently the only tumour marker to have a well-defined and validated role in the management of ovarian cancer is CA125. Changes in the level of CA125 can be used as a reliable indication of response or progression according to various criteria, but it does not yet have a clear place in diagnosis or prognosis. Its value as part of a screening tool and during routine follow-up remain the subject of ongoing trials. Other markers remain experimental and do not have a well-defined contribution to make at present. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
From sexual abuse to psychosis: A pilot study exploring the social deafferentation hypothesis and the mediating role of avoidance

The social deafferentation hypothesis posits that social withdrawal in vulnerable individuals may result in anomalous perceptual and cognitive experiences that are consistent with psychotic hallucinations and delusions. Both psychosis vulnerability and social withdrawal are characteristic of many individuals who have experienced sexual abuse and a growing literature continues to document associations between experiences of sexual abuse and psychosis. The current study investigated if avoidant personality traits (characterised by social withdrawal) mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and psychosis symptom experience. Using data from the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 8580), a mediation model was specified and estimated. The estimates showed that the regression coefficients of avoidant personality traits on sexual abuse (B =.70), psychosis scores on avoidant personality traits (B = .09), and psychosis scores on sexual abuse (B =.45) were statistically significant. The mediated effect of sexual abuse on psychosis scores via avoidant personality traits was also significant (B = .06). The parameters of this mediated model were statistically significant after controlling for a range of demographic variables and potential risk factors for psychosis. Avoidance and social deafferentation may constitute a plausible hypothesis for exploring experiences of psychosis among victims of sexual abuse in some cases.
The Mediating Effects of Facial Expression on Spatial Interference Between Gaze Direction and Gaze Location

ABSTRACT Gaze direction is an important social cue that interacts with facial expression. Cañadas and Lupiáñez (2012) reported a reverse-congruency effect such that identification of gaze direction was faster when a face was presented to the left but with the eyes directed to the right, or vice versa. In two experiments, this effect is replicated and then extended to explore the relationship between this effect and facial expression. Results show that the reverse-congruency effect is replicable with speeded gaze-direction identification, and that the effect is mediated by facial expression. The reverse-congruency effect is similar for happy and angry faces, but was not found for fearful faces. Findings are discussed in relation to the similarity of processing of incongruent gaze direction and the processing of direct gaze.
Do Students Learn Course Material during Crib Sheet Construction?

We experimentally investigated the effect of crib sheet construction and use on student learning and exam performance. Students expected to use their prepared crib sheets during testing; however, unexpectedly they first completed a pretest without their crib sheets. Students scored significantly better on the same questions with crib sheets compared to their performance without their sheets, signifying that constructing crib sheets did not enhance learning, but use enhanced performance. Students who expect to use crib sheets during testing rely on the sheet for information, suggesting that students do not learn the course material as well when they expect to use a crib sheet.
Caterpillar color patterns are determined by a two‐phase melanin gene prepatterning process: new evidence from tan and laccase2

SUMMARY The larval color patterns in Lepidoptera exhibit splendid diversity, and identifying the genes responsible for pigment distribution is essential to understanding color‐pattern evolution. The swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, is a good candidate for analyzing marking‐associated genes because its body markings change dramatically at the final molt. Moreover, the silkworm Bombyx mori is most suitable for identification of lab‐generated color mutants because genome information and many color mutants are available. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern of 10 melanin‐related genes in P. xuthus, and analyzed whether these genes were responsible for Bombyx larval color mutants. We found that seven genes correlated strongly with the stage‐specific larval cuticular markings of P. xuthus, suggesting that, compared with Drosophila, more genes showed marking specificity in lepidopteran larvae. We newly found that the expression of both tan and laccase2 is strongly correlated with the larval black markings in both P. xuthus and B. mori. The results of F2 linkage analysis and mutant analysis strongly suggest that tan is the responsible gene for Bombyx larval color mutant rouge, and that tan is important in emphasizing black markings of lepidopteran larvae. Detailed comparison of temporal and spatial expression patterns showed that larval cuticular markings were regulated at two different phases. Marking‐specific expression of oxidizing enzymes preceded the marking‐specific expression of melanin synthesis enzymes at mRNA level, which is the reverse of the melanin synthesis step.
Different Types of Doctoral Study Processes

Becoming a doctor can be viewed as a highly personal and unique experience, which is why many factors influence the completion or non-completion of the doctoral degree. The attention in previous research has been on the students' characteristics, and the university faculty role in promoting degree progress. Therefore, more research is needed on the alternative routes that doctoral students take as part of a flexible doctoral education. The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of the different types of doctoral students in industrial engineering and management, and their different study processes. We explore the study processes of 25 doctoral students using a narrative analysis approach. Doctoral students' processes are categorized into three groups according to the strategies that students take in their progress: the Project Manager, the Wanderer, and the Hobbyist. We report clear differences across the different study processes in the students' working methods, use of supervisory and peer support, problems and risks of delay, and degree success. The results indicate clear opportunities of influence for the faculty in the form of offering clear pre-defined research objectives for students, allocating funds for full-time doctoral studies, developing alternative peer-support strategies, and proactive risk management.