Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributional Correspondence Indexing for Cross-Lingual and Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification (Extended Abstract)

Domain Adaptation (DA) techniques aim at enabling machine learning methods learn effective classifiers for a “target” domain when the only available training data belongs to a different “source” domain. In this extended abstract, we briefly describe our new DA method called Distributional Correspondence Indexing (DCI) for sentiment classification. DCI derives term representations in a vector space common to both domains where each dimension reflects its distributional correspondence to a pivot, i.e., to a highly predictive term that behaves similarly across domains. The experiments we have conducted show that DCI obtains better performance than current state-of-the-art techniques for cross-lingual and cross-domain sentiment classification.
Culture of the organism that causes rhinosporidiosis

Abstract The causative agent of rhinosporidiosis is a microscopic round body in polypoidal masses that is believed to be the sporangium of a fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi. But fungal aetiology can not be proved with certainty. Attempts to culture the fungus on various media have also been unsuccessful. In a recent study pond water samples, from water in which patients had been bathing, were analysed and a unicellular prokaryotic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa was isolated. The same cyanobacterium was demonstrated in clinical samples from patients with rhinosporidiosis. Consequent to these findings, attempts were made to culture the causative organism of rhinosporidiosis under conditions that support growth of cyanobacteria. This study describes a simple method for laboratory culture of this organism. Observations based on laser-scanning confocal microscopy, light and electron microscopy confirm that a cyanobacterium, Microcystis sp. is the causative agent of the disease. Rhinosporidiosis is the first human disease to be shown to be caused by a cyanobacterium. The findings have opened the way for development of therapy.
A model of non-preferred hand mode switching

Effective mode-switching techniques provide users of tablet interfaces with access to a rich set of behaviors. While many researchers have studied the relative performance of mode-switching techniques in these interfaces, these metrics tell us little about the behavior of one technique in the absence of a competitor. Differing from past comparison-based research, this paper describes a temporal model of the behavior of a common mode switching technique, non-preferred hand mode switching. Using the Hick-Hyman Law, we claim that the asymptotic cost of adding additional non-preferred hand modes to an interface is a logarithmic function of the number of modes. We validate the model experimentally, and show a strong correlation between experimental data and values predicted by the model. Implications of this research for the design of mode-based interfaces are highlighted.
The cytoplasmic domain of P-selectin contains a sorting determinant that mediates rapid degradation in lysosomes

P-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule required transiently on the surface of activated platelets and endothelial cells as a receptor for leukocytes. It is stored in secretory granules in platelets, endothelial cells, and transfected neuroendocrine cells and is rapidly delivered to the plasma membrane upon exocytosis of the secretory granules. It is then rapidly internalized in endothelial cells and transfected cells. We find that in transfected neuroendocrine PC12 cells, the fraction of P-selectin that is not targeted to secretory granules is rapidly degraded. In transfected CHO fibroblasts, which lack secretory granules, P-selectin was degraded with a half time of 2.3 h in plated cells, while low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) had a half life of 9 h. In cells cultured in ammonium chloride to inhibit lysosomal proteinases, P-selectin was protected from degradation and rapidly accumulated in vesicles enriched in lgp-B, a resident lysosomal membrane protein. The cytoplasmic domain of P- selectin was sufficient to confer rapid turnover on LDL-R. Deletion of 10 amino acids from the cytoplasmic domain of P-selectin extended the half life to 9.5 h and abrogated rapid lysosomal targeting in the presence of ammonium chloride, implicating this sequence as a necessary element of a novel lysosomal targeting signal. The rate limiting step in degradation occurred after internalization from the cell surface, indicating that sorting of P-selectin away from efficiently recycled proteins occurs in endosomes. We propose that this sorting event represents a constitutive equivalent of receptor down regulation, and may function to regulate the expression of P-selectin at the surface of activated endothelial cells.
Neuroscience of human social interactions and adult attachment style

Since its first description four decades ago, attachment theory (AT) has become one of the principal developmental psychological frameworks for describing the role of individual differences in the establishment and maintenance of social bonds between people. Yet, still little is known about the neurobiological underpinnings of attachment orientations and their well-established impact on a range of social and affective behaviors. In the present review, we summarize data from recent studies using cognitive and imaging approaches to characterize attachment styles and their effect on emotion and social cognition. We propose a functional neuroanatomical framework to integrate the key brain mechanisms involved in the perception and regulation of social emotional information, and their modulation by individual differences in terms of secure versus insecure (more specifically avoidant, anxious, or resolved versus unresolved) attachment traits. This framework describes how each individual's attachment style (built through interactions between personal relationship history and predispositions) may influence the encoding of approach versus aversion tendencies (safety versus threat) in social encounters, implicating the activation of a network of subcortical (amygdala, hippocampus, striatum) and cortical (insula, cingulate) limbic areas. These basic and automatic affective evaluation mechanisms are in turn modulated by more elaborate and voluntary cognitive control processes, subserving mental state attribution and emotion regulation capacities, implicating a distinct network in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), among others. Recent neuroimaging data suggest that affective evaluation is decreased in avoidantly but increased in anxiously attached individuals. In turn, although data on cognitive control is still scarce, it points toward a possible enhancement of mental state representations associated with attachment insecurity and particularly anxiety. Emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal or suppression of social emotions are also differentially modulated by attachment style. This research does not only help better understand the neural underpinnings of human social behavior, but also provides important insights on psychopathological conditions where attachment dysregulation is likely to play an important (causal) role.
Plasma concentrations of soluble CTLA‐4, CD28, CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules reflect disease severity of acute asthma in children

Recent studies have demonstrated an elevation of plasma soluble costimulatory molecules B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86), and their T lymphocyte counter receptors cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and CD28 in asthmatic patients. We hypothesized that these costimulatory molecules may reflect the severity of asthma and investigated the longitudinal changes of these soluble costimulatory molecules, and their clinical significance in children with an asthmatic exacerbation. Sixteen children hospitalized for asthmatic exacerbation were recruited and treated with systemic corticosteroid (CS) for 5 days. Plasma total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentrations were measured by microparticle immunoassay and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay, respectively. Soluble CTLA‐4 (sCTLA‐4), sCD28, sCD80, and sCD86 concentrations in plasma were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and their relationships with asthma severity, total IgE, ECP concentrations, and blood eosinophil count were analyzed. Plasma sCTLA‐4, sCD28, sCD80, and sCD86 concentrations in patients were highest during the acute attack. They decreased significantly with a parallel increase of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) after CS treatment (all P < 0.05). Plasma sCTLA‐4, sCD28, and sCD86 concentrations of patients at recruitment were inversely correlated with PEFR, whereas plasma sCD28 and sCD86 concentrations correlated positively with eosinophil count and plasma ECP concentration (all P < 0.05). Although there was no such correlation with IgE concentration, sCD28 was correlated very significantly with eosinophil count (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, plasma sCTLA‐4, sCD28, sCD86, and sCD80 concentrations may reflect the severity of acute asthma and more studies on larger cohorts are needed to assess whether these markers are useful for assessing asthmatic exacerbation in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41: 674–682. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase activities in CD437-induced apoptosis.

A novel synthetic retinoid, 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437), is a selective ligand of the RARgamma nuclear receptor. We examined the in vitro effects of CD437 and found that CD437 induces S phase arrest within 24 to 48 h, followed by cell death, in the p53-negative Hep3B and the p53-positive HepG2 human hepatoma cell lines. Based on observations of cellular and nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, the CD437-mediated cell-killing effect appears to be due to apoptosis. On morphological examination, a number of CD437-treated cells were found to have increased 5- to 10-fold in size and persisted as single giant cells without cell division, while the remainder underwent nuclear division (multiple nuclei) but were unable to complete cytokinesis, and finally all died by apoptosis. In HepG2 cells that possessed wild-type p53, CD437-induced S phase arrest and apoptosis were accompanied by the up-regulation of cyclin A, cyclin B, p53, p21(CIP1/Waf1), Bad, and Bcl-Xs proteins and by a decrease in Bcl-2 protein levels. In Hep3B cells, CD437-mediated S phase arrest and apoptosis were also associated with a concomitant up-regulation of cyclin A, cyclin B, Bad, and Bcl-Xs. However, Hep3B cells did not express p53 or Bcl-2 messages. Olomoucine and roscovitine, the potent p34(cdc2) and CDK2 inhibitors, effectively blocked CD437-mediated cyclin A- and B-dependent kinase activation and prevented CD437-induced cell death. Furthermore, antisense oligonucleotide complementary to cyclin A and B mRNA significantly rescued CD437-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that activation of cyclin A- and B-dependent kinases is a critical determinant of apoptotic death mediated by CD437.
MIX-Crowds, an Anonymity Scheme for File Retrieval Systems

In this paper, we propose an anonymous scheme for file retrieval systems, MIX-Crowds, in which it is harder for an attacker to identify the requester of the file by making use of the idea of MIX (7) and Crowds (20) to establish a path from the requester to the file holder. Result shows that predecessor attack (26) is much more difficult to succeed compared with Crowds (20). We are able to reduce the estimated number of rounds needed for successful predecessor attack for MIX-Crowds. We also propose a file transfer strategy according to file size. With such strategy, requests for small size files can be completed faster while the downloading time of large size files only increases slightly. I. INTRODUCTION
Employing generalized audit software in the financial services sector: Challenges and opportunities

Purpose – Computer assisted audit techniques (CAATs) encompass a range of computerized techniques that internal and external auditors use to facilitate their audit objectives. One of the most important CAATs is generalized audit software (GAS), which is a class of packaged software that allows auditors to interrogate a variety of databases, application software and other sources and then conduct analyzes and audit routines on the extracted or live data. This study seeks to evaluate the nature and extent of the utilization of CAATs in financial institutions. In particular, the study establishes the extent and nature of use of GAS by bank internal auditors and their external auditors. The study is conducted with large local and international commercial banks in Singapore, a major financial center. Given the limited research on GAS in general and in the financial services sector in particular, the study uses exploratory qualitative research.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research employing depth i.
Effect Of Carburizing On Fatigue Behaviour InA Type 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel

The effect of carburizing on fatigue behaviour of smooth and notched specimens and corrosion fatigue behaviour was studied in a type 316 austenitic stainless steel. The fatigue strength of the smooth specimens was considerably increased by carburizing and the specimens with a thick case exhibited longer fatigue lives than the specimens with a thin case. The fatigue strength of the notched specimens was also increased by carburizing and the extent of increase in fatigue strength decreased with increasing stress concentration factor and then saturated. A slight increase in notch sensitivity by carburizing was seen. In 3%NaCl aqueous solution, the carburized smooth specimens showed no reduction in fatigue strength, indicating the excellent corrosion resistance of the carburized case.
Experimental Brain Ischemia: Protection From Irreversible Damage With a Rapid‐Acting Barbiturate (Methohexital)

Experimental brain ischemia was produced in rabbits by coupling systemic hypotension and hypoxia. The animals were paralyzed with succinylcholine and ventilated mechanically. Durally implanted electrodes were used to monitor the severity of ischemia. Five minutes of an isoelectric EEG produced irreversible brain damage in most of the rabbits. Four rabbits receiving the rapid-acting barbiturate, methohexital, in the dosage of 5 mg/kg at the onset of the isoelectric EEG showed complete protection from detectable ischemic damage and recovered dramatically. It is suggested that suppression of brain metabolism with barbiturates during cerebral ischemia is worthy of clinical assessment.
The effects of telephone consultation and triage on healthcare use and patient satisfaction: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND In recent years there has been a growth in the use of the telephone consultation for healthcare problems. This has developed, in part, as a response to increased demand for GP and accident and emergency department care. AIM To assess the effects of telephone consultation and triage on safety, service use, and patient satisfaction. DESIGN OF STUDY We looked at randomised controlled trials, controlled studies, controlled before/after studies, and interrupted time series of telephone consultation or triage in a general healthcare setting. SETTING All healthcare settings were included but the majority of studies were in primary care. METHOD We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EPOC specialised register, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, SIGLE, and the National Research Register and checked reference lists of identified studies and review articles. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed study quality. RESULTS Nine studies met our inclusion criteria: five randomised controlled trials; one controlled trial; and three interrupted time series. Six studies compared telephone consultation with normal care; four by a doctor, one by a nurse, and one by a clinic clerk. Three of five studies found a significant decrease in visits to GPs but two found an increase in return consultations. In general at least 50% (range = 25.5-72.2%) of calls were handled by telephone consultation alone. Of seven studies reporting accident and emergency department visits, six showed no difference between the groups and one--of nurse telephone consultation--found an increase. Two studies reported deaths and found no difference between nurse telephone consultation and normal care. CONCLUSIONS Although telephone consultation appears to have the potential to reduce GP workload, questions remain about its effect on service use. Further rigorous evaluation is needed with emphasis on service use, safety, cost, and patient satisfaction.
Effect of packing and liquid conductivity on gas distribution and holdup in reaction column

In the packed reaction column, constant packing is always added to improve contact areas between two phases of chemical or similar processes, such as absorption, stripping, and distillation. In this paper, gas distribution and overall holdup were measured by Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT). The bubble column was packed with or without 6 mm glass beads and liquid conductivity varied from 1.446 mS/cm to 80.1 mS/cm. Experimental results demonstrate that packing structure have stronger impact on gas distribution and overall holdup in the bubble column than the conductivity of aqueous solution. Some similar research findings were reported in literature, which proves ERT is an efficient imaging tool for real-time monitoring and helps to understand complex two-phase flow.
Exploring redundant research into the effect of tranexamic acid on surgical bleeding: further analysis of a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Objectives We examined whether apparent redundancy in a cumulative meta-analysis of trials is justified by concern about bias, random error or generalisability of the results. Design Cumulative meta-analysis, risk of bias assessment, trial sequential analysis, description of study participants over time and a review of rationales for conducting trials. Data source 126 randomised trials included in a systematic review assessing of tranexamic acid on blood transfusion in surgery. Results The cumulative meta-analysis including all trials shows that the pooled estimate first reached statistical significance after the second trial in 1993. When the analysis was limited to the 38 high-quality trials and adjusted to account for potential systematic and random errors, the uncertainty was resolved after the 22nd trial in 2008. When the analysis was restricted to the two high-quality, prospectively registered trials, the cumulative z-curve crossed p=0.05 but not the monitoring boundary, suggesting an early potentially spurious statistically significant result. As precision of the pooled estimate increased, the number of trials initiated increased, although trial activity appeared to move to other surgery types. Most (62%) reports cited at least one systematic review. Of 118 reports examined, concern about generalisability was the reason for initiating the trial in 60%. Other reasons were to address a question other than the effect on bleeding (26%) and to confirm previously observed results (4%). Unawareness of previous research was apparent in 4% trials, while the rationale was unclear in 3%. Conclusions Our results indicate that poor quality is a more important cause of redundant research than the failure to review existing evidence. Concerns about generalisability of results is the main motivation for new trials. Contrary to previous claims, our results suggest that systematic reviews showing treatment effects can stimulate an increase in trial activity rather than reduce it.
A Convergent Adaptive Method for Elliptic Eigenvalue Problems

We prove the convergence of an adaptive linear finite element method for computing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of second-order symmetric elliptic partial differential operators. The weak form is assumed to yield a bilinear form which is bounded and coercive in $H^1$. Each step of the adaptive procedure refines elements in which a standard a posteriori error estimator is large and also refines elements in which the computed eigenfunction has high oscillation. The error analysis extends the theory of convergence of adaptive methods for linear elliptic source problems to elliptic eigenvalue problems, and in particular deals with various complications which arise essentially from the nonlinearity of the eigenvalue problem. Because of this nonlinearity, the convergence result holds under the assumption that the initial finite element mesh is sufficiently fine.
DISC1 knockdown impairs the tangential migration of cortical interneurons by affecting the actin cytoskeleton

Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a risk gene for a spectrum of major mental disorders. It has been shown to regulate radial migration as well as dendritic arborization during neurodevelopment and corticogenesis. In a previous study we demonstrated through in vitro experiments that DISC1 also controls the tangential migration of cortical interneurons originating from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Here we first show that DISC1 is necessary for the proper tangential migration of cortical interneurons in the intact brain. Expression of EGFP under the Lhx6 promotor allowed us to analyze exclusively interneurons transfected in the MGE after in utero electroporation. After 3 days in utero, DISC1 deficient interneurons displayed prolonged leading processes and, compared to control, fewer neurons reached the cortex. Time-lapse video microscopy of cortical feeder-layers revealed a decreased migration velocity due to a reduction of soma translocations. Immunostainings indicated that DISC1 is co-localized with F-actin in the growth cone-like structure of the leading process. DISC1 knockdown reduced F-actin levels whereas the overall actin level was not altered. Moreover, DISC1 knockdown also decreased levels of phosphorylated Girdin, which cross-links F-actin, as well as the Girdin-activator pAkt. In contrast, using time-lapse video microscopy of fluorescence-tagged tubulin and EB3 in fibroblasts, we found no effects on microtubule polymerization when DISC1 was reduced. However, DISC1 affected the acetylation of microtubules in the leading processes of MGE-derived cortical interneurons. Together, our results provide a mechanism how DISC1 might contribute to interneuron migration thereby explaining the reduced number of specific classes of cortical interneurons in some DISC1 mouse models.
Vermicomposting of a lignocellulosic waste from olive oil industry: A pilot scale study

The vermicomposting with Eisenia andrei of dry olive cake, a lignocellulosic waste produced during the extraction of olive oil, either alone or mixed with municipal biosolids, was studied in a nine-month pilot scale experiment. Number and biomass of earthworms and enzyme activities were periodically monitored and relevant properties of the final products were determined. In the assayed substrates, the total biomass of earthworms increased at the end of the experimental period between 9 and 12-fold respectively in comparison with the earthworm biomass initially inoculated. The increase in hydrolytic enzymes and overall microbial activity during the vermicomposting process indicated the biodegradation of the olive cake and resulted in the disappearance of the initial phytotoxicity of the substrate. However, the recalcitrant lignocellulosic nature of the dry olive cake prevented suitable humification during the vermicomposting process. For this reason, in addition to organic amendments, other management procedures should be considered.