Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DSM-IV definition of severity of major depression: inter-relationship and validity

Background Severity is an important characteristic of major depression (MD) and an ‘episode specifier’ in DSM-IV classifying depressive episodes as ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’. These severity subtypes rely on three different measures of severity: number of criteria symptoms, severity of the symptoms and degree of functional disability. No prior empirical study has evaluated the coherence and validity of the DSM-IV definition of severity of MD. Method In a sample of 1015 (518 males, 497 females) Caucasian twins from a population-based registry who met criteria for MD in the year prior to interview, factor analysis and logistic regression were conducted to examine the inter-relationships of the three severity measures and their associations with a wide range of potential validators including demographic factors, risk for future episodes, risk of MD in the co-twin, characteristics of the depressive episode, the pattern of co-morbidity, and personality traits. Results Correlations between the three severity measures were significant but moderate. Factor analysis indicated the existence of a general severity factor, but the factor was not highly coherent. The three severity measures showed differential predictive ability for most of the validators. Conclusions Severity of MD as defined by the DSM-IV is a multifaceted and heterogeneous construct. The three proposed severity measures reflect partly overlapping but partly independent domains with differential validity as assessed by a wide range of clinical characteristics. Clinicians should probably use a combination of severity measures as proposed in DSM-IV rather than privileging one.
Social engagement with parents in 11-month-old siblings at high and low genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder

Infant siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder are at heightened genetic risk to develop autism spectrum disorder. We observed high risk (n = 35) and low risk (n = 27) infants at 11 months during free play with a parent. Children were assessed for autism spectrum disorder in toddlerhood. High-risk infants with a later diagnosis (n = 10) were less socially engaged with their parents than were low-risk infants. Parent behavior during play did not vary by group. Within the high-risk group, ratings of social reciprocity at 11 months predicted Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule severity scores at follow-up, suggesting that systematic observations of parent–infant play may be a useful addition to early assessments of emerging autism spectrum disorder.
Atlas Alignment Tracking and Physics Performance Results

The present contribution describes the track reconstructi on performance of the ATLAS Detector, based on the first proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC accelerator at CERN at centerof-mass energies of 900 GeV and 7 TeV. The nominal tracking pe rformance is first outlined in terms of expected track parameter resolutions and then th e influence of the level of residual misalignment and of the precise knowledge of the detector ma terial is discussed, based on real data. Preliminary results of methods which are sensitive to the amount of material in the tracking detector, as the reconstruction of photon conversions or th e momentum scale and resolution of short-lived particles, are presented. The tracking perfor mance in data and in simulation is compared and a quantitative estimate of the transverse impact p arameter resolution, after unfolding the effect of the primary vertex resolution, is presented. S ome information are finally provided about the physics performance of the tracking detector, in p articular about the present phase of commissioning of the simplest b-tagging algorithms available in ATLAS, which are meant to b e used for the firstop-quark observation at √ s= 7 TeV.
New curvilinear scheme for elastic wave propagation in presence of curved topography

We study a new curvilinear scheme for wave propagation modelling in presence of topography. The discrete scheme takes advantage of recent developments in areoacoustics. Our new scheme relies on the conventional grid coupled with optimized filters to remove numerical noise in case of strong material heterogeneity. We used non‐centred stencils for free surface implementation and optimized the explicit Runge‐Kutta scheme for the time differencing. We performed a complete theoretical stability and dispersion analysis of the discrete scheme. Finally, we illustrate the numerical accuracy of the new scheme by intensive experiments.
Insulin therapy in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

Considerable advances have been made in insulin pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics in the 77 years since its discovery by Frederick Banting and Charles Best at the University of Toronto. Nevertheless, even the most sophisticated regimens of diabetes management still do not replace insulin in a physiological manner, i.e. by portal secretion in precise amounts to respond to ingested nutrients and other secretogogues. It is for these reasons that insulin remains just one of many facets of optimal diabetes care. Further advances in the next few years can be expected to change some aspects of insulin therapeutics. However, in the absence of perfect physiological replacement, the goal of diabetes management remains the balancing of the different components of therapy in order to achieve the best possible metabolic control.
How to exchange security events? Overview and evaluation of formats and protocols

Network-based attacks pose a strong threat to the Internet landscape. Recent approaches to mitigate and resolve these threats focus on cooperation of Internet service providers and their exchange of security event information. A major benefit of a cooperation is that it might counteract a network-based attack at its root and provides the possibility to inform other cooperative partners about the occurrence of anomalous events as a proactive service. In this paper we provide a structured overview of existing exchange formats and protocols. We evaluate and compare the exchange formats and protocols in context of high-speed networks. In particular, we focus on flow data. In addition, we investigate the exchange of potentially sensitive data. For our overview, we review different exchange formats and protocols with respect to their use-case scenario, their interoperability with network flow-based data, their scalability in a high-speed network context and develop a classification.
Brain Connectivity in Disorders of Consciousness

The last 10 years witnessed a considerable increase in our knowledge of brain function in survivors to severe brain injuries with disorders of consciousness (DOC). At the same time, a growing interest developed for the use of functional neuroimaging as a new diagnostic tool in these patients. In this context, particular attention has been devoted to connectivity studies-as these, more than measures of brain metabolism, may be more appropriate to capture the dynamics of large populations of neurons. Here, we will review the pros and cons of various connectivity methods as potential diagnostic tools in brain-damaged patients with DOC. We will also discuss the relevance of the study of the level versus the contents of consciousness in this context.
Robust Control of the Aircraft Attitude

The attitude control of aircrafts plays an important role in the aircraft motion. This problem may be abstracted as that of the attitude control of rigid body, which is a complex nonlinear control problem. Firstly, the attitude control of aircrafts is inserted into the frame of nonlinear ∞ H control. Under this frame, we design a ∞ H controller without solving any nonlinear Bellman-Jacobi-Raccati equation. Our controller possesses the robustness not only against the uncertainty of the aircraft parameters but also against the desired signal. Under our consideration, the attitude space is parameterized by modified Rodrigues parameters. The validity of our results is illustrated in simulation.
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Meningitis Patients at Six Fever Hospitals in Egypt

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cerebrospinal fluid of 67 meningitis patients were obtained from six fever hospitals in Egypt. One M. bovis and 66 M. tuberculosis isolates were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of oxyR. Among the M. tuberculosis isolates, 53 unique strain types (with 3 to 16 copies of IS6110) were found by RFLP analyses. Nine clusters (eight with two isolates each and one with six isolates) were also found. Thirty-six spoligotypes, including at least 10 that have been previously reported from other countries, were also observed. Forty-one (62.1%) of the isolates were in spoligotype clusters, and 22 (33%) of the isolates were in RFLP clusters. Fifty-one of the isolates were susceptible in vitro to all of the antituberculosis drugs tested, 11 were monoresistant to capreomycin, rifampin, isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide, or streptomycin (STR), 4 were resistant to STR and INH, and 1 was resistant to STR, INH, and ethambutol.
Thermal State and Human Comfort in Underground Mining

The human metabolism is accompanied by heat generation, with the body temperature remaining constant near 36.9°C and in contact with surrounding atmospheric temperature; people have cooler or hotter sensations. When people are exposed to a temperature greater than the threshold limits, it causes physiological effects expressed as follows: loss of interest in people’s activities, taking frequent rests or breaks, a desire to quickly complete the task, irritability, reduced concentration and reduction in sensitivity. A prolonged exposure of people to unfavourable thermal conditions inevitably leads to increase in body temperature and consequently producing physiological effects that affect the work efficiency. Figure 1 shows a relationship between work efficiency and effective temperature and air, wet temperature and air velocity. It may be noted that the prolonged exposure of a worker to temperature exceeding 42°C may even cause death.
CD62L test at 2 years of natalizumab predicts progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Flashes of light or phosphenes are the sensation of light without light actually entering the eye. This phenomenon can be evoked by stimulation of the retina or the visual cortex of the brain and can appear unilaterally or bilaterally. From an ophthalmologic perspective, phosphenes can arise from photoreceptor induction by mechanical,1,2 inflammatory,3 or vascular4 stimuli. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the origin of phosphenes for further management. We encountered a patient who reported having phosphenes while moving his eyes laterally. We performed various ophthalmologic imaging studies to identify the origin of these phosphenes.
Warburg metabolism in tumor-conditioned macrophages promotes metastasis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

ABSTRACT Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) face a clinically intractable disease with poor survival rates, attributed to exceptionally high levels of metastasis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is pronounced at inflammatory foci within the tumor; however, the immunological mechanisms promoting tumor dissemination remain unclear. It is well established that tumors exhibit the Warburg effect, a preferential use of glycolysis for energy production, even in the presence of oxygen, to support rapid growth. We hypothesized that the metabolic pathways utilized by tumor-infiltrating macrophages are altered in PDAC, conferring a pro-metastatic phenotype. We generated tumor-conditioned macrophages in vitro, in which human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured with conditioned media generated from normal pancreatic or PDAC cell lines to obtain steady-state and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), respectively. Compared with steady-state macrophages, TAMs promoted vascular network formation, augmented extravasation of tumor cells out of blood vessels, and induced higher levels of EMT. TAMs exhibited a pronounced glycolytic signature in a metabolic flux assay, corresponding with elevated glycolytic gene transcript levels. Inhibiting glycolysis in TAMs with a competitive inhibitor to Hexokinase II (HK2), 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), was sufficient to disrupt this pro-metastatic phenotype, reversing the observed increases in TAM-supported angiogenesis, extravasation, and EMT. Our results indicate a key role for metabolic reprogramming of tumor-infiltrating macrophages in PDAC metastasis, and highlight the therapeutic potential of using pharmacologics to modulate these metabolic pathways.
New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)

Abstract New host records (all members of the family Tephritidae) are presented for 14 newly described species of opiine Braconidae from the neotropics and two previously described species, one from the neotropics and one from the Nearctic Region. Doryctobracon anneae Wharton, Opius baderae Wharton, O. baeblus Wharton, O. cablus Wharton, O. dablus Wharton, O. danielsae Wharton, O. gabriellae Wharton, O. godfrayi Wharton, O. marshi Wharton, O. nablus Wharton, O. pipitae Wharton, O. stecki Wharton, O. taramegillae Wharton, and O. yoderi Wharton are newly described. Hosts are newly recorded for the previously described species Opius nympha Fischer and O. peleus Fischer. A key is presented to Opiinae that have been reared from flower, stem, and leaf feeding tephritids in the New World. Host and host plant associations are discussed; a few of the tephritid host plant records are also new. Opius cosa (Fischer), is a comb. n.
Tumor Staging But Not Grading Is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcome in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix: A Retrospective Clinical Pathologic Analysis of 138 Cases

Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare and usually incidentally discovered. Most cases are clinically indolent, although the rare aggressive ones are poorly predictable. The aim of this study was to test the applicability and prognostic significance of the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification and to test the several pathologic features and TNM staging systems (American Joint Committee on Cancer and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society) in these tumors. A multi-institutional retrospective series of 138 appendiceal NENs was selected on the basis of the availability of both pathologic material and clinical information, including follow-up data. All cases were reviewed to record pathologic features and to apply year 2000 and 2010 WHO classifications, as well as European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society and American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM stages. Clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared with disease outcome by contingency, univariate, and multivariate survival analyses. Although up to one third of cases presented several malignancy-associated pathologic features, only 4 patients died of the disease. Adverse outcome was significantly associated with extramural extension (including mesoappendix), well-differentiated carcinoma diagnosis (2000 WHO classification), pT3-4 stage, older age, and presence of positive resection margins, but not with tumor size, mitotic or proliferative indexes, and, consequently, 2010 WHO grading. In the appendix, at variance with midgut/hindgut NENs, the 2000 WHO classification performs better than the grading-based 2010 WHO scheme and, together with tumor stage, is the most relevant parameter associated with clinical aggressiveness.
Distributed Evolutionary Graph Partitioning

We present a novel distributed evolutionary algorithm, KaFFPaE, to solve the Graph Partitioning Problem, which makes use of KaFFPa (Karlsruhe Fast Flow Partitioner). The use of our multilevel graph partitioner KaFFPa provides new effective crossover and mutation operators. By combining these with a scalable communication protocol we obtain a system that is able to improve the best known partitioning results for many inputs in a very short amount of time. For example, in Walshaw's well known benchmark tables we are able to improve or recompute 76% of entries for the tables with 1%, 3% and 5% imbalance.
Septarian concretions: internal cracking caused by synsedimentary earthquakes

Septarian concretions are abundant in many Phanerozoic marine and marginal‐marine shales and mudstones. They range from a few centimetres to several metres in size and are spherical or ellipsoidal in morphology. In general, formation by localized calcite or siderite cementation in argillaceous sediments began under less than a few metres of burial. Septarian cracks vary widely in shape and configuration: included are networks of wide, vertically, radially and sometimes concentrically oriented, lenticular shrinkage cracks; and narrower, parallel‐sided, straight to irregular tension cracks locally accompanied by brecciation, and plumose and en échelon sigmoidal cracks indicative of shear stresses. Crack types are intergradational; many concretions exhibit multiple cracking events. Enclosed macrofossils and isopachous fibrous calcite cement that lines earlier formed cracks are commonly broken and displaced. In some cases, cracks contain injected lime mud and silt. These features, taken together, testify that cracking involved a spectrum of responses in concretion interiors, from loss of shear strength, dewatering and shrinkage to brittle failure, demonstrating variations in, and contrasts between, the rheological properties of the matrix and enclosed objects. Localization to interiors and outward tapering of lenticular cracks make a case for fracture partitioning and indicate that interiors were softer than exteriors at the time of shrinkage. Parallel‐sided cracks point to greater stiffness, and evolving crack shape in multiply cracked concretions shows that rigidity increased with time. Crack orientations indicate highly variable tensile and shear stress directions within individual concretions. Rupture, brecciation, displacement of fragments, loss of shear strength, liquefaction and injection of unconsolidated granular sediment suggest that deformation events were rapid, if not virtually instantaneous. Previous explanations for the internal cracking, such as gas generation, spontaneous chemical dehydration or localized overpressuring due to compaction, seem either untenable or fail to account for the spectrum of observed features. However, syndepositional earthquake‐induced shaking of cementing bodies of varying rigidity at shallow burial depths seems to be a plausible source for the requisite short‐lived, variable to anisotropic, high‐stress regime inside the concretions. Septarian concretions may thus preserve a signature of basin seismicity as it relates to their cementation history.
TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN ASSEMBLAGE OF LAMA GUANICOE (ARTIODACTYLA, CAMELIDAE) FROM THE LATE HOLOCENE (PAMPEAN REGION, ARGENTINA)

ABSTRACT The present work analyzes the taphonomic characteristics of an assemblage of Lama guanicoe recovered from the fluvial deposits of Chacra La Blanqueada Formation, at García del Río locality. This locality is situated in the middle valley of the Napostá Grande Creek (south of the Pampean Region, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). A radiocarbon date of 2342 ± 47 years BP allows the assignment of this assemblage to the late Holocene. The MNI (Minimum Number of Individuals) and the population structure suggest the presence of a family group or part of a mixed group. The available evidence indicates that, throughout their taphonomic history, the remains were affected by processes related to a floodplain subenvironment. Also, the marks of anthropic activity suggest that the death of the animals was circumstantially used as a low-cost and low-risk resource, highlighting the relevant role of this species in the regional hunter-gatherer communities.
Demonstration of a Very Inexpensive, Turbidimetric, Real-Time, RT-LAMP Detection Platform Using Shrimp Laem-Singh Virus (LSNV) as a Model

Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens under field laboratory conditions is necessary for effective control of veterinary pathogens. Here we describe a prototype, portable, pathogen detection device developed for single tube, real-time, reverse transcription, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) using Laem-Singh virus (LSNV) as a model. LSNV is an RNA virus and a component cause of growth retardation in black tiger shrimp. We chose its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene as the target for our tests. The basis for detection was measurement of turbidity arising from formation of a white, insoluble magnesium pyrophosphate precipitate byproduct upon amplification of the RdRp target sequence from 100 ng template RNA extracted from shrimp. The measurement device consisted of a heating block to maintain constant temperature in the RT-LAMP reaction for 8 Eppindorf sample tubes, a light-emitting diode (LED) light source providing red light emission at 650 nm wavelength to pass through sample tubes, a light dependent resistance (LDR) photo-detector and a software program to report turbidity events and could potentially be marketed for under US$3000. The device was connected to a computer to display real-time results in a variety of formats. The optimized protocol for LSNV detection consisted of incubation of the sample tubes at 65°C for 1 h during which turbidity was continuously measured, and quantitative results could be obtained by reaction time measurement. The sensitivity of detection was comparable to that of conventional nested RT-PCR and there was no cross reaction with other common shrimp viruses. The device was used for quantitative measurement of relative copy numbers of LSNV RdRp in 8 shrimp tissues and they were found to be highest in the gills followed in order by the lymphoid organ and hemolymph (p≤0.05). This platform can be easily adapted for detection of other pathogens under field laboratory settings.
Protective MCMV immunity by vaccination of the salivary gland via Wharton's duct: replication‐deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing individual MCMV genes elicits protection similar to that of MCMV

Salivary glands, a major component of the mucosal immune system, confer antigen‐specific immunity to mucosally acquired pathogens. We investigated whether a physiological route of inoculation and a subunit vaccine approach elicited MCMV‐specific and protective immunity. Mice were inoculated by retrograde perfusion of the submandibular salivary glands via Wharton's duct with tcMCMV or MCMV proteins focused to the salivary gland via replication‐deficient adenovirus expressing individual MCMV genes (gB, gH, IE1; controls: saline and replication deficient adenovirus without MCMV inserts). Mice were evaluated for MCMV‐specific antibodies, T‐cell responses, germinal center formation, and protection against a lethal MCMV challenge. Retrograde perfusion with tcMCMV or adenovirus expressed MCMV proteins induced a 2‐ to 6‐fold increase in systemic and mucosal MCMV‐specific antibodies, a 3‐ to 6‐fold increase in GC marker expression, and protection against a lethal systemic challenge, as evidenced by up to 80% increased survival, decreased splenic pathology, and decreased viral titers from 106 pfu to undetectable levels. Thus, a focused salivary gland immunization via a physiological route with a protein antigen induced systemic and mucosal protective immune responses. Therefore, salivary gland immunization can serve as an alternative mucosal route for administering vaccines, which is directly applicable for use in humans. —Liu, G. , Zhang, F. , Wang, R. , London, L. , London, S. D. Protective MCMV immunity by vaccination of the salivary gland via Wharton's duct: replication‐deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing individual MCMV genes elicits protection similar to that of MCMV. FASEB J. 28, 28–1698 (1710). www.fasebj. org