Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Feasibility of Wireless Energy Transfer Using Massive Antenna Arrays

We illustrate potential benefits of using massive antenna arrays for wireless energy transfer (WET). Specifically, we analyze probability of outage in WET over fading channels when a base station (BS) with multiple antennas beamforms energy to a wireless sensor node (WSN). Our analytical results show that by using massive antenna arrays, the range of WET can be increased for a given target outage probability. We prove that by using multiple-antenna arrays at the BS, a lower downlink energy is required to get the same outage performance, resulting in savings of radiated energy. We show that for energy levels used in WET, the outage performance with least-squares or minimum mean-square-error channel estimates is the same as that obtained based on perfect channel estimates. We observe that a strong line-of-sight component between the BS and WSN lowers outage probability. Furthermore, by deploying more antennas at the BS, a larger energy can be transferred reliably to the WSN at a given target outage performance for the sensor to be able to perform its main tasks. In our numerical examples, the RF power received at the input of the sensor is assumed to be on the order of a mW, such that the rectenna operates at an efficiency in the order of 50%.
The relation between off-job recovery and job resources: person-level differences and day-level dynamics

It is well-known that recovery from work and job resources can counteract negative effects of high job demands, but less is known about how off-job recovery and job resources are related to each other. In this two-level daily diary study, 67 employees filled out daily surveys over the course of 8 days to examine this issue. Consistent with our expectations, multilevel analyses revealed that previous day’s detachment from work is positively related to the state of being recovered before going to work, and that the state of being recovered is positively related to one’s level of job resources. Moreover, the results indicated that both person-level differences and day-level dynamics play a role in these relations. Our study highlights the importance of recovering from work in the sense that it does not only help individuals by repairing negative strain effects but can also function as a catalyst in the activation of job resources.
Probing the Origin of the Metabolic Precursor of the CO Ligand in the Catalytic Center of [NiFe] Hydrogenase*

Background: The active site iron of [NiFe] hydrogenases is equipped with a carbonyl ligand of undetermined origin. Results: The carbonyl ligand derives exclusively from the cellular metabolism, and the CO scavenger PdCl2 mediates severe retardation of hydrogenase-driven growth. Conclusion: The data indicate multiple, growth mode-dependent biosynthetic pathways for the carbonyl ligand. Significance: Understanding the intricate cofactor assembly of [NiFe] hydrogenase is crucial for hydrogen-based biotechnology. The O2-tolerant [NiFe] hydrogenases of Ralstonia eutropha are capable of H2 conversion in the presence of ambient O2. Oxygen represents not only a challenge for catalysis but also for the complex assembling process of the [NiFe] active site. Apart from nickel and iron, the catalytic center contains unusual diatomic ligands, namely two cyanides (CN−) and one carbon monoxide (CO), which are coordinated to the iron. One of the open questions of the maturation process concerns the origin and biosynthesis of the CO group. Isotope labeling in combination with infrared spectroscopy revealed that externally supplied gaseous 13CO serves as precursor of the carbonyl group of the regulatory [NiFe] hydrogenase in R. eutropha. Corresponding 13CO titration experiments showed that a concentration 130-fold higher than ambient CO (0.1 ppmv) caused a 50% labeling of the carbonyl ligand in the [NiFe] hydrogenase, leading to the conclusion that the carbonyl ligand originates from an intracellular metabolite. A novel setup allowed us to the study effects of CO depletion on maturation in vivo. Upon induction of CO depletion by addition of the CO scavenger PdCl2, cells cultivated on H2, CO2, and O2 showed severe growth retardation at low cell concentrations, which was on the basis of partially arrested hydrogenase maturation, leading to reduced hydrogenase activity. This suggests gaseous CO as a metabolic precursor under these conditions. The addition of PdCl2 to cells cultivated heterotrophically on organic substrates had no effect on hydrogenase maturation. These results indicate at least two different pathways for biosynthesis of the CO ligand of [NiFe] hydrogenase.
The Promise of Gayness: Queers and Kin in South Korea

This thesis examines whether the interrelationship of family and gay identity in South Korea is best understood as one of conflict, pitting a traditional, national, and filial constraint against a presumed global, progressive, and individualistic freedom, or whether it requires (or perhaps, in the narratives themselves, already provides) a different, more recursive understanding. This thesis explores the recursivity between gay identity and filial piety among college students in contemporary Korea while also providing a critique of a global gay paradigm that others may argue infiltrates Korean gay discourse. The aim of this ethnography is not just to collect the stories that these young South Korean college men tell about their experiences of being gay and a son, but to trace how my position as a researcher and a friend are shaped by my experiences with other gay Korean men and how those positions are intimately tied to this ethnography as a whole.
Prototypical analysis of adolescent psychopathy: investigating the juvenile justice perspective.

The past ten years have seen a dramatic increase in the empirical investigation of psychopathic characteristics in children and adolescents. In general, the focus of this research has been on the validation of assessment instruments to evaluate psychopathy as well as concurrent and predictive validity. Little attention has been directed toward elucidating the core characteristics of this construct. The current study expands on previous research by asking juvenile justice personnel (424 juvenile detention and probation officers) to identify the core characteristics of the construct via prototypical analysis for both male and female adolescents. Results of separate factor analyses by gender revealed five identifiable dimensions: juvenile delinquency, serious/violent conduct problems, narcissistic/manipulation of others, impulsivity/acting out, and family problems. The results suggest that juvenile justice personnel focus on a wide range of behavioral indicators as indicative of adolescent psychopathy in addition to affective and interpersonal characteristics typically viewed as crucial to the construct by clinicians.
MODELING THE PATHS BETWEEN SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN ADOLESCENTS WITH IMPAIRED VISION "THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RESILIENCY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT"

The present study aimed to model the paths between spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being in adolescents with impaired vision using the mediating role of resiliency and social support. In this model, spiritual intelligence variable was considered as exogenous variable while psychological well-being, social support and resiliency variables were considered as endogenous variables. The statistical population included all visually impaired high school adolescents in 2013 academic year in Karaj and Tehran. Due to small population size, modeling methods could not be used. Thus, sample size was considered equal to population size (240 subjects). After obtaining consent of competent authorities and giving explanations about research objectives by the researcher, the questionnaires were distributed among vision-impaired students. They were asked to fill out the questionnaires at home with the help of their parent, family member or friends. They were bound to deliver the filled out questionnaires to school officials after 3 days. The results indicated significance of all model’s paths. Social support and resiliency variables had a strong mediating effect on well-being and intelligence. Social support had a stronger effect on well-being and intelligence than resiliency. According to the results, it can be stated that spiritual intelligence, resiliency and social support variables as well as other variables such as psychology of personality should be considered in discussions on psychological interventions and prevention as well as enhancement of well-being of vision-impaired adolescents, especially in the field of positive psychology.
Ventilation and Metabolism in a Large Semifossorial Marsupial:The Effect of Graded Hypoxia and Hypercapnia

Metabolic and ventilatory variables were measured in a large semifossorial marsupial, the hairy‐nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons, 21.9 kg). In normoxia, the rate of oxygen consumption was 63% of that predicted for a similar‐sized marsupial, and the level of ventilation (V̇e) was such that the convective requirement (V̇e/V̇o2) was similar to other mammals. Exposure to hypercapnia (5% CO2) evoked a hyperventilatory response (3.55 × normoxia) that was no different to that observed for epigeal (surface‐dwelling) marsupials; the increase in V̇e was primarily achieved with an increase in tidal volume. Exposure to hypoxia (15% to 8% O2) resulted in a hyperventilation (principally through an increase in frequency), although the response was blunted (in 8% O2, 1.85 × normoxia) and only at the severest levels did hypometabolism contribute. The attenuated response to hypoxia in the wombat is presumably a reflection of a semifossorial lifestyle and a tolerance to this respiratory stimulant.
Linear dependence of steering vectors associated with tripole arrays

We are concerned with the linear independence of steering vectors associated with tripoles, each of which provides measurements of the three components of electric field induced by electromagnetic signals. We first establish that for a single tripole, any steering vector is linearly dependent on at least one other steering vector corresponding to a different direction-of-arrival (DOA) for a general problem where signals may arrive from anywhere in a three-dimensional (3-D) space, but every two steering vectors with distinct DOAs are linearly independent if the signals are nonlinearly polarized and arrive from a strictly hemispherical space. We then obtain a series of upper bounds for the number of linearly independent steering vectors associated with a tripole array with general sensor configurations. We also show that for applications where signals are known to be linearly polarized in the same direction, the ability to estimate DOAs using a tripole array is identical to that using a scalar-sensor array if both of them have identical sensor configurations.
The Political Economy of Project Preparation: An Empirical Analysis of World Bank Projects

In the last few years, numerous econometric studies have unearthed evidence of donor influence over the geographic distribution of funds from international financial institutions (IFIs). Scholars are now beginning to use quantitative methods to delve into the details of donor influence to understand better how IFIs function and to guide institutional reform. The evidence suggests that donors influence both the amount of funds committed (the number and size of loans) and the disbursement of committed funds. This paper advances the literature by applying stochastic frontier analysis to a novel data source to examine factors that affect how quickly World Bank projects proceed from identification to approval, i.e., how long it takes to prepare a project. Accelerated preparation is one explanation for how the World Bank might increase the number of loans to a recipient member country within a fixed time frame, for example in response to that country siding with powerful donor countries on important UN votes or while that country occupies an elected seat on the UN Security Council or the World Bank Executive Board.
Cognitive neuroscience of attention : a developmental perspective

Contents: Preface. Part I: Attention and Eye Movements. P.H. Schiller, The Neural Control of Visually Guided Eye Movements. D. Maurer, T.L. Lewis, Overt Orienting Toward Peripheral Stimuli: Normal Development and Underlying Mechanisms. M.H. Johnson, R.O, Gilmore, G. Csibra, Toward a Computational Model of the Development of Saccade Planning. J.E. Richards, S.K. Hunter, Attention and Eye Movement in Young Infants: Neural Control and Development. L. Hainline, Summary and Commentary: Eye Movements, Attention, and Development. Part II: Orienting to Locations and Objects. R. Rafal, The Neurology of Visual Orienting: A Pathological Disintegration of Development. B.M. Hood, J. Atkinson, O.J. Braddick, Selection-for-Action and the Development of Orienting and Visual Attention. G.C. Baylis, Visual Parsing and Object-Based Attention: A Developmental Perspective. M.A. Bell, Frontal Lobe Function During Infancy: Implications for the Development of Cognition and Attention. M.I. Posner, M.K. Rothbart, Summary and Commentary: Developing Attentional Skills. Part III: Attention, Memory, and Life-Span Changes. C.A. Nelson, D. Dukette, A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective on the Relation Between Attention and Memory Development. J. Colombo, J.S. Janowsky, A Cognitive Neuroscience Approach to Individual Differences in Infant Cognition. J.T. Enns, D.A. Brodeur, L.M. Trick, Selective Attention Over the Lifespan: Behavioral Measures. H.A. Ruff, Summary and Commentary. Selective Attention: Its Measurement in a Developmental Framework.
Optimal distribution of contact forces with inverse-dynamics control

The development of legged robots for complex environments requires controllers that guarantee both high tracking performance and compliance with the environment. More specifically the control of the contact interaction with the environment is of crucial importance to ensure stable, robust and safe motions. In this contribution we develop an inverse-dynamics controller for floating-base robots under contact constraints that can minimize any combination of linear and quadratic costs in the contact constraints and the commands. Our main result is the exact analytical derivation of the controller. Such a result is particularly relevant for legged robots as it allows us to use torque redundancy to directly optimize contact interactions. For example, given a desired locomotion behavior, we can guarantee the minimization of contact forces to reduce slipping on difficult terrains while ensuring high tracking performance of the desired motion. The main advantages of the controller are its simplicity, computational efficiency and robustness to model inaccuracies. We present detailed experimental results on simulated humanoid and quadruped robots as well as a real quadruped robot. The experiments demonstrate that the controller can greatly improve the robustness of locomotion of the robots.1
Vasomotor symptoms and cardiovascular risk

Climacteric complaints are the main indication for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the clinical practice. Observational studies demonstrating a protective effect of HRT on cardiovascular disease (CVD) were conducted in early menopausal, young, symptomatic women. Vasomotor symptoms correlate with lower level of plasma antioxidant activity, an increased cardiovascular reactivity to stressful situations, elevated cholesterol, higher sympathetic nerve activity, impaired flow-mediated dilation, hypertension and a higher risk of aortic calcification. All the available findings indicate that hot flushes can be seen as a marker for underlying vascular changes among mid-life, otherwise healthy, climacteric women. Thus, young, healthy symptomatic postmenopausal women differ from those without vasomotor symptoms with regard to cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, responses to HRT can change in terms of cardiovascular outcomes according to the baseline vasomotor complaints. This point may explain, at least in part, the negative/null effects of HRT on cardiovascular disease observed in the trials where HRT was given to largely asymptomatic, elderly women.
Liver Stiffness, a Non-Invasive Marker of Liver Disease: A Core Study Group Report

The ability to evaluate liver stiffness non-invasively in clinical practice by measuring transient elastography using FibroScan® has resulted in considerable interest and enthusiasm. A core study group, organized by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, has assessed the usefulness of FibroScan® in the diagnosis and management of liver disease in clinical practice. The group concluded that FibroScan® is a valuable, non-invasive technique and have developed a consensus report form for registering transient elastography results. In this article, we report the findings of the study group.
Bond strengths of Dyract AP compomer material to dentin of permanent and primary molars: phosphoric acid versus non-rinse conditioner.

PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the shear bond strengths (SBS) of Non-Rinse Conditioner (NRC, Dentsply) combined with Prime & Bond NT (PBNT, Dentsply), a 1-bottle adhesive. The null hypothesis tested was that the use of NRC with PBNT would not result in SBS different from those obtained with conventional phosphoric acid (PA) etching and bonding application to permanent and primary dentin. METHODS Extracted human third molars and primary molars were mounted length-wise in acrylic resin. The occlusal surfaces were ground to expose a flat dentin surface, and then polished to 600 grit silicon carbide paper to create smear layers similar to those created with high-speed burs. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (N = 10) according to the etchant/conditioner (PA vs NRC) and dentin (permanent vs primary) used: (Group I: permanent dentin, PA, PBNT; Group II: primary dentin, PA, PBNT; Group III: permanent dentin, NRC, PBNT; Group IV: primary dentin, NRC, PBNT). Specimens were then secured in a split mold, having a 5 mm diameter opening and a polyacid-modified resin composite (Dyract AP, Dentsply) were inserted and light cured incrementally onto the treated dentin surfaces. All specimens were stored in water for 24 hours prior to shear strength testing using a Franell testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.8 mm/minute. RESULTS The mean dentin SBS values (MPa) for the groups were: Group I (13.32 +/- 6.6); Group II (15.21 +/- 5.25); Group III (8.87 +/- 3.12); and Group IV (7.42 +/- 2.98). Analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests indicated significant differences among groups at P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS In general, the SBS were remarkably greater in the 2 groups etched with PA in comparison with the 2 groups conditioned with NRC. However, the type of dentin tissue did not influence SBS.
Effects of three different L-type Ca2+ entry blockers on airway constriction induced by muscarinic receptor stimulation.

BACKGROUND The crucial role of L-type Ca(2+) channels in airway smooth muscle contraction suggests that these channels could be an important therapeutic target. There are three separate drug binding sites on this channel: those for dihydropyridines, benzothiazepines and phenyl alkylamines. In this study, we examined the effects of the dihydropyridines nifedipine and nicardipine, the benzothiazepine diltiazem, and the phenylalkylamine verapamil on airway constriction. METHODS Tension of guinea-pig tracheal strips was measured isometrically in vitro with a force displacement transducer. Strips were precontracted with carbachol 10(-7) M with or without 4-aminopyridine 10(-3) M, a voltage-sensitive K(+ )channel blocker. Then, nifedipine 10(-8)-10(-4) M, diltiazem 10(-8)-3 x 10(-4) M or verapamil 10(-8)-3 x 10(-4) M was added cumulatively to the organ bath (n=6 each). The bronchial cross-sectional area of pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs was assessed using a bronchoscopy method. Bronchoconstriction was elicited with methacholine 0.5 micro g kg(-1) plus 5 micro g kg(-1) min(-1), and then nicardipine 0-1000 micro g kg(-1), diltiazem 0-3000 micro g kg(-1) or verapamil 0-3000 micro g kg(-1) were given i.v. (n=7 each). RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, nifedipine and diltiazem fully reversed carbachol-mediated tracheal contraction with logIC(50) values of 4.76 (SEM 0.22) (mean 17.5 micro M) and 4.60 (0.33) (mean 24.8 micro M), respectively. Although verapamil 10(-6)-10(-4) M reversed the contraction by 87.2%, strip tension re-increased by 18.1% following maximal relaxation with verapamil 3 x 10(-4 )M. This re-increase was almost fully abolished by pretreatment with 4-aminopyridine. In the in vivo experiments, nicardipine and diltiazem dose-dependently reversed methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, with logID(50) values of 3.22 (0.05) (mean 0.60 mg kg(-1)) and 1.85 (0.32) (mean 14.0 mg kg(-1)), respectively. Verapamil worsened methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS Although supraclinical doses of dihydropyridines and benzothiazepines can produce airway relaxant effects, these agents are unlikely to be used in the treatment of bronchoconstriction. In addition, verapamil may aggravate airway constriction.
Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Urban Asian Indians

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in native urban Asian Indians and to look for the occurrence of clustering of these factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study included 953 subjects (532 men and 421 women), aged ≥ 40 years, selected from a population survey for diabetes, which was conducted in 1994 in Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. Measurements of anthropometry, blood pressure, plasma lipid profile, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin response, and electrocardiogram were made. Based on the normal ranges derived from the population study, abnormalities in anthropometric values, plasma lipids, and insulin values were determined. Age-adjusted prevalences of the abnormalities were calculated using data from a 1991 urban census in Madras. The expected prevalences of the abnormalities in isolation and in combinations were calculated and compared with the corresponding observed figures. RESULTS The prevalences of risk factors were in the order of central adiposity > dyslipidemia > hyperinsulinemia (2-h) > glucose intolerance > obesity > hypertension. The age-adjusted prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was 3.9% (3.5% in men and 4.5% in women, NS), and T wave inversion was seen in an additional 10.3%. Isolated prevalences of all factors, except hypertension, were in lower frequency than expected. Combinations of each risk factor with one or two more risk factors occurred more frequently (1.3–4 times) than expected by chance. Impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia showed association with hyperinsulinemia, whereas hypertension did not show such an association. CONCLUSIONS Clustering of the cardiovascular risk factors or the components of insulin resistance syndrome occurs in the native Asian Indian population. This finding under-scores the need for preventive aspects of metabolic disorders and CHD.