Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tidal modulation and back‐propagating fronts in slow slip events simulated with a velocity‐weakening to velocity‐strengthening friction law

We examine tidal modulation and back‐propagating fronts in simulated slow slip events using a rate and state friction law that is steady state velocity weakening at low slip rates and velocity strengthening at high slip rates. Tidal forcing causes a quasi‐sinusoidal modulation of the slip rate during the events, with the maximum moment rate occurring close to or slightly after the maximum applied stress. The amplitude of modulation scales linearly with the tidal load and increases as the tidal period increases relative to the timescale for state evolution. If we choose parameters so that the model matches the observed tidal modulation of slip in Cascadia, it can reproduce only a subset of the stress drops inferred from observations and only in a limited portion of parameter space. The tidal forcing also causes back‐propagating fronts to form and move back through the region that has already ruptured. The stress drop that drives these back‐propagating fronts sometimes comes from the tidal load and sometimes from a stress recovery that occurs behind the front in tidal and non‐tidal simulations. We investigate the slip and propagation rates in the back‐propagating fronts and compare them with observations. The modeled fronts propagate too slowly to be good representations of the fronts inferred from tremor observations. For the simulated fronts to propagate at the observed speeds, the stress drops driving them would have to be more than 70 % of the stress drop driving the forward‐propagating front.
Eigenpaxels and a neural-network approach to image classification

A expansion encoding approach to image classification is presented. Localized principal components or "eigenpaxels" are used as a set of basis functions to represent images. That is, principal-component analysis is applied locally rather than on the entire image. The "eigenpaxels" are statistically determined using a database of the images of interest. Classification based on visual similarity is achieved through the use of a single-layer error-correcting neural network. Expansion encoding and the technique of subsampling are key elements in the processing stages of the eigenpaxel algorithm. Tested using a database of frontal face images consisting of 40 individuals, the algorithm exhibits equivalent performance to other comparable but more cumbersome methods. In addition, the technique is shown to be robust to various types of image noise.
Reading perspectives and memory for text : an individual differences analysis

Two experiments were conducted to study differences in the construction of mental representations of text as a function of working memory capacity. In the first experiment, Ss attempted to recall previously unrecalled information following a shift in perspective. High-span Ss showed the ability to recall information independent of encoding perspective. Low- and medium-span Ss were unable to recall new information after a perspective switch. The second experiment used a longer passage and reading goal was manipulated. Both immediate-recall and cloze completion data revealed that low-span Ss were more perspective-bound than high-span Ss. The data suggest that Ss who are low in working memory span (WMS) compensate for their deficit by making greater use of a perspective to guide comprehension
The ‘Redykyulass Generation‘S’ intellectual interventions in Kenyan public life

This article is interested in the intellectual contributions of the youth to Kenyan public life. It focuses on what has been called the ‘Redykyulass Generation’ as a contemporary generation of politically engaged youths who have successfully used various genres of popular cultural productions and media platforms to engage with Kenyan social imaginaries. Using three case studies — the Redykyulass group and the writings of Binyavanga Wainaina and Parselelo Kantai — the article examines this generation’s ongoing reconstruction of what constitutes knowledge and its contributions in shaping Kenyan public life, while critically engaging with what can be termed the ‘geronto-masculine’ texture of Kenyan political and intellectual public life. The study suggests that the Redykyulass Generation has variously fractured certain conventions embedded in the socio-political terrains of Kenyan public life, while attaining both social relevance and popularity in Kenyan social imaginaries.
Exploring the characteristics of small groups within science and English secondary classrooms

Studies of primary education within the UK have shown that small groups can feature within classrooms; however, equivalent research within secondary education remains scarce. Research has established effective group work approaches, yet secondary teachers may encounter difficulties employing approaches tied to parameters embedded within primary education. This problem is compounded as minor adjustments to the conditions surrounding group work are known to have consequences for its efficacy within classrooms. This paper reports naturalistic systematic observation of group work practice within 23 science and English secondary classrooms in Scotland. Pupils completed tasks according to whether they were situated within group work or conventional classes. Forms of dialogue known to be conducive to learning were prevalent whilst pupils worked in groups. The change in pupils’ behaviours does not appear to stem from the content of teachers’ talk. Teachers’ behaviour suggested they approach small groups as smaller structures equivalent to a whole-class set-up.
Effects of the First Exposure of Antipsychotics on Serum Albumin in Adolescents and Young Adults With First-Episode Schizophrenia

To the Editors: C ardiometabolic risk caused by antipsychotics is clinically concerning. In the early stage of antipsychotic treatment, weight gain and increased lipid metabolic risk are commonly seen; however, findings concerning glucose metabolism have been controversially reported, and few studies have reported the effects of antipsychotics on protein metabolism, for example, the serum albumin level. In a natural real-world drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (FES) inpatient cohort, we reported that levels of fasting glucose, serum albumin, and urea nitrogen were significantly decreased after shortterm antipsychotics exposure. However, widely distributed age intervals of that
Use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as an Outcome Measure in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service

Objective: To examine the usefulness of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as an outcome measure for patients referred to a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS). Methods: This was a prospective study of new CAMHS attendees. Questionnaires were completed by clinicians, parents, teachers and children (if aged 11 years or older) at initial attendance and after approximately 6 months. Results: At 6-month follow up, positive change was detected on the SDQ. There was a significant reduction in the ‘total difficulties’ score as rated by parents, teachers and children. This positive change corresponded to a significant reduction in the clinician-rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) scores. Furthermore, there were lowered levels of perceived difficulties and burden on the SDQ impact supplement, and a decrease in the overall impact score. Conclusion: The SDQ is a useful outcome measure. The HoNOSCA and SDQ complement each other because they provide measures of change from the clinician, the parent and the child.
Reliability and Validity of the Parental Control Scale

Meta-analytic procedures from 11 cross-cultural and intracultural studies (26 effect sizes) along with factor analyses of data from five samples were used to assess the reliability and validity of the Parental Control Scale (PCS). The PCS is a 13-item self-report questionnaire assessing children's and adults' perceptions of the behavioral control they experience(d) as children (or control administered to children by their parents). Results of analyses support the conclusion that the PCS is a reliable and valid measure for cross-cultural research purposes, including among American ethnic groups.
Nitrosative and Oxidative Stresses Contribute to Post-Ischemic Liver Injury Following Severe Hemorrhagic Shock: The Role of Hypoxemic Resuscitation

Purpose Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation is frequently associated with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of the study was to investigate whether hypoxemic resuscitation attenuates liver injury. Methods Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated New Zealand white rabbits were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg for 60 minutes. Resuscitation under normoxemia (Normox-Res group, n = 16, PaO2 = 95–105 mmHg) or hypoxemia (Hypox-Res group, n = 15, PaO2 = 35–40 mmHg) followed, modifying the FiO2. Animals not subjected to shock constituted the sham group (n = 11, PaO2 = 95–105 mmHg). Indices of the inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative response were measured and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of the liver were performed. Results Normox-Res group animals exhibited increased serum alanine aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor - alpha, interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-6 levels compared with Hypox-Res and sham groups. Reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde formation and myeloperoxidase activity were all elevated in Normox-Res rabbits compared with Hypox-Res and sham groups. Similarly, endothelial NO synthase and inducible NO synthase mRNA expression was up-regulated and nitrotyrosine immunostaining increased in animals resuscitated normoxemically, indicating a more intense nitrosative stress. Hypox-Res animals demonstrated a less prominent histopathologic injury which was similar to sham animals. Conclusions Hypoxemic resuscitation prevents liver reperfusion injury through attenuation of the inflammatory response and oxidative and nitrosative stresses.
Evaluation of patient adherence and satisfaction with a self-measurement blood pressure telemonitoring program

The aim of this study was to evaluate the patients adherence and satisfaction with a self-measurement blood pressure telemonitoring program. The study enrolled patients dismissed from a health structure after the acute phase of a major cardiac or cerebro-vascular event. At dismission each patient received a telemedicine system equipped with an automatic blood pressure device, and an evaluation questionnaire. 17 patients were monitored for an average of 75 days each. 16 out of 17 participants completed the feedback questionnaire. All patients (100%) scored installation, usability and quality of service as “good” or “very good”. The majority of patients (13 out of 16) declared to feel comfortable with the self-measurement of blood pressure and the use of the telemonitoring system. Telemonitoring of blood pressure measurement can be considered a mature technology which find favour with patients dismissed after a acute cardiac or cerebro-vascular event.
Ibandronate: A Review of its Vertebral and Nonvertebral Antifracture Efficacy

After the Ibandronate Osteoporosis Vertebral Fracture Trial in North America and Europe (BONE) study had demonstrated the strong vertebral and nonvertebral antifracture efficacy of daily and intermittent oral ibandronate, the Monthly Oral Ibandronate In Ladies (MOBILE) study gave evidence for an increased efficacy on the bone mineral density (BMD) of higher intermittent oral ibandronate doses (150 mg monthly) compared with 2.5 mg daily. The BONE study also observed nonvertebral antifracture efficacy in patients with a high risk for fractures (mean femoral neck T score of −3.0 or less). A recently published meta-analysis assessing the nonvertebral antifracture efficacy corresponding to the annual cumulative exposure (ACE) of ibandronate demonstrated a significantly better antifracture efficacy of higher compared with lower doses of ibandronate. The Dosing Intravenous Administration (DIVA) study demonstrated evidence for the high efficacy and good tolerability of intravenous ibandronate delivered by quarterly injections. This review summarizes the efficacy and tolerability data of ibandronate concerning monthly oral treatment as well as quarterly injection therapy.
Linear Convergence of Stochastic Iterative Greedy Algorithms With Sparse Constraints

Motivated by recent work on stochastic gradient descent methods, we develop two stochastic variants of greedy algorithms for possibly non-convex optimization problems with sparsity constraints. We prove linear convergence1 in expectation to the solution within a specified tolerance. This generalized framework is specialized to the problems of sparse signal recovery in compressed sensing and low-rank matrix recovery, giving methods with provable convergence guarantees that often outperform their deterministic counterparts. We also analyze the settings, where gradients and projections can only be computed approximately, and prove the methods are robust to these approximations. We include many numerical experiments, which align with the theoretical analysis and demonstrate these improvements in several different settings.1Linear convergence is sometimes called exponential convergence.
Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1 Appearance-based Gaze Estimation Using Visual Saliency

—We propose a gaze sensing method using visual saliency maps that does not need explicit personal calibration. Our goal is to create a gaze estimator using only the eye images captured from a person watching a video clip. Our method treats the saliency maps of the video frames as the probability distributions of the gaze points. We aggregate the saliency maps based on the similarity in eye images to efficiently identify the gaze points from the saliency maps. We establish a mapping between the eye images to the gaze points by using Gaussian process regression. In addition, we use a feedback loop from the gaze estimator to refine the gaze probability maps to improve the accuracy of the gaze estimation. The experimental results show that the proposed method works well with different people and video clips and achieves a 3.5-degree accuracy, which is sufficient for estimating a user's attention on a display.
The effects of person–innovation fit on individual responses to innovation

Drawing on the person-environment fit literature, we propose that cognitive comparisons between person and innovation on meaningful dimensions determine organizational members' affective and behavioural responses to innovations. Specifically, we hypothesize that two different types of person-innovation fit constructs (value fit and ability fit) differentially predict employees' commitment to implementation and implementation behaviour. The results of this study indicate that congruence between innovation values and personal values is more strongly related to employees' commitment to implementation than to implementation behaviour, whereas the congruence between required abilities and current abilities is more strongly associated with implementation behaviour than with commitment to implementation. In addition, commitment to implementation was more strongly associated with environmental characteristics (innovation values), whereas implementation behaviour was associated more strongly with personal characteristics (personal values, current abilities). This study expands the person-environment fit and innovation implementation literature by applying the fit concept to a new domain and by identifying and testing cognitive processes that determine employees' affective and behavioural responses to innovations.
Sources of prescriptions for misuse by adolescents: differences in sex, ethnicity, and severity of misuse in a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE Epidemiological data indicate that adolescent prescription misuse rates have risen over the past decade. Despite this, little work has examined sources for opioids, tranquilizers, and stimulants or evaluated sex or ethnic differences or whether different sources correspond to differences in other risk behaviors. METHOD Data from the 2005 and 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (adolescent n = 36,992) were used to address these questions. Frequencies and percentages for source categories were calculated, and potential sex and ethnic differences in medication source were evaluated using chi(2) analyses; logistic regression analyses evaluated whether the use of specific sources corresponded to a greater likelihood of concurrent substance use or depressive episodes. RESULTS The most common source of medication was from friends or family, for free; other common sources included obtaining medication from a physician, purchasing medication, or theft (usually from friends or relatives). Sex differences were found, predominately for opioids: female patients were more likely to steal medication or obtain it for free; male patients were more likely to purchase medication or acquire it from a physician. White adolescents were more likely to purchase opioids, whereas African American adolescents were more likely to misuse opioids obtained from a physician. CONCLUSIONS Across medication classes, adolescents who most recently acquired medication by purchasing it had the worst risk profile in terms of concurrent substance use and severity of prescription misuse. These results may help identify subgroups of adolescent prescription misusers who are most vulnerable to consequences from misuse or other substance use.
Delinquency Prevention: Recommendations for Future Projects

A review of forty past or continuing attempts at the prevention of juvenile delinquency leads to the nearly inescapable conclusion that none of these projects has successfully prevented delinquency. After briefly examining the results of previous projects, the authors discuss a series of nine recom mendations for future projects. These recommendations include separa tion of implementation and evaluation, enrichment or abandonment of the individual treatment approach, diversification of evaluative measures, and greater sensitivity to the rights of the juvenile subjects involved in future projects.
South African Journalism and Mass Communication Research on Youth and News Media: A Reflection

Between 1987 and 2003 several academic works, particularly in the context of South African journalism and mass communication scholarship (JMCS), have explored the relationship between South African youth and news media in the research area of the global and the local. This thematic meta-study explores conceptual and methodological frameworks through which they have investigated this relationship. It concentrates primarily on the exploration and framing of the relationship; choice of medium of study; construction of youth identity; and preferred research methodologies and theoretical approaches. The investigation is contextualized within ontological, epistemological, and political-ideological debates in local JMCS, and in global discourses on youth and news media. The study concludes that post-1994 local studies largely adopted qualitative research methods, critical social theory, and cultural studies, rather than socialization and functionalist theories. The studies also defi ned youth in sociocultural, rather than in political, terms. Limitations of South African research on youth and news media are noted.
CAD Priors for Accurate and Flexible Instance Reconstruction

We present an efficient and automatic approach for accurate instance reconstruction of big 3D objects from multiple, unorganized and unstructured point clouds, in presence of dynamic clutter and occlusions. In contrast to conventional scanning, where the background is assumed to be rather static, we aim at handling dynamic clutter where the background drastically changes during object scanning. Currently, it is tedious to solve this problem with available methods unless the object of interest is first segmented out from the rest of the scene. We address the problem by assuming the availability of a prior CAD model, roughly resembling the object to be reconstructed. This assumption almost always holds in applications such as industrial inspection or reverse engineering. With aid of this prior acting as a proxy, we propose a fully enhanced pipeline, capable of automatically detecting and segmenting the object of interest from scenes and creating a pose graph, online, with linear complexity. This allows initial scan alignment to the CAD model space, which is then refined without the CAD constraint to fully recover a high fidelity 3D reconstruction, accurate up to the sensor noise level. We also contribute a novel object detection method, local implicit shape models (LISM) and give a fast verification scheme. We evaluate our method on multiple datasets, demonstrating the ability to accurately reconstruct objects from small sizes up to 125m3.
Teacher-Child Relationship and Behavior Problem Trajectories in Elementary School

The present study examined associations between the quality of teacher-child relationships and behavior problems among elementary school students using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a study of 1,364 children from birth through adolescence. There were two main findings. First, high-quality teacher-child relationships predicted low levels of externalizing behaviors. Second, high-quality relationships acted as protective factors, helping to prevent children with high levels of internalizing behaviors in early childhood from developing trajectories of long-term internalizing behavior problems. Teacher-child relationships may be proximal phenomena that can be targeted in interventions to help prevent behavior problems in middle childhood.
Uterine rupture and risk factors for caesarean delivery following induced labour in women with one previous lower segment caesarean section

Objective: To determine the outcome of induction of labor, specifically incidence of uterine rupture and reliable predictors of repeat caesarean delivery, in women undergoing induction of labor after previous caesarean section. Methods: A review of obstetric and perinatal records of 167 women who had their labor induced after one transverse lower uterine incision performed at previous caesarean delivery in a referral tertiary hospital in Nigeria between January 2006 and December 2009. Results: The incidence of uterine rupture was 2.4%. Independent risk factors for repeat caesarean delivery were absence of prior vaginal delivery (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.9–7.1), duration of latent phase >2 h (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.7–11.2), postdated pregnancy (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.0) and previous caesarean for non-recurrent indication (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–4.0). Conclusion: Choice of appropriate delivery option for this cohort of women based on the identified risk factors is essential to minimize the incidence of failed vaginal birth and its associated adverse maternal and neonatal outcome.
In Search of Good Teachers: Patterns of Teacher Quality in Two Mexican States

This study uses longitudinal data from Mexico’s Carrera Magisterial teacher incentive program to identify teacher attributes that are positively associated with student test scores and to describe how teachers with these attributes are distributed across schools in two diverse Mexican states, Aguascalientes and Sonora. I find that teachers’ scores on tests or training evaluations are significantly and positively related to student achievement in both states, while education levels and experience are not. In both states, teachers with higher scores on tests and training evaluations are more concentrated in urban schools and lower-poverty municipalities. These results have important implications for education systems attempting to professionalize their teacher workforces, as well as those seeking to ameliorate urban/rural disparities in educational quality.