Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Educational Needs of Elite U.S. National Team, Pan American, and Olympic Coaches

The present investigation was designed to develop a profile of the coaching education background and self-perceived coaching education needs of elite U.S. amateur sport coaches. In all, 130 national team, Pan American, and/or Olympic coaches representing more than 30 U.S. Olympic structure sports were surveyed. Results revealed that the coaches were extremely interested in coaching education workshops and seminars, initiating mentor coach programs for potential elite coaches, and participating in a variety of coaching science courses. Few consistent differences were found between the various categories of coaches (individual vs. team sport, open vs. closed sport, experienced vs. inexperienced, male vs. female, and physical education degree vs. non physical education degree) in terms of their coaching education background and needs. Implications for university based coaching education efforts are discussed.
OBSTRUCTED LABOUR

EXCEPT in isolated cases, obstructed labour is rarely encountered in present-day British obstetric practice. Chassar Moir (1946, 1947) has emphasized that, though until recently most abnormalities were dealt with as they arose, today, and this is especially true of those conditions causing obstructed labour, they are detected and can be treated as planned procedures. Because of this the methods used for delivery have resolved into Caesarean section, a simple forceps extraction or a normal delivery. Dystocia due to pelvic tumours, gross foetal and pelvic abnormalities which comprise the majority of reports of obstructed labour in British and American literature, is rare here and relatively unimportant as few diagnostic or technical problems are presented unless the woman is in extremis. The greatest problem in Nigeria is the prevention and treatment of obstruction due to cephalo-pelvic disproportion at the pelvic brim, of which all degrees are seen from early obstruction with the foetus still alive, to the infected exhausted woman, the foetus dead, the uterus in tonic contraction and rupture imminent. Most of the patients in this series were seen late in the second stage of labour with established obstruction and immediate delivery imperative. They comprise only a small proportion of the total admissions with gross disproportion or malpresentations, as the majority were diagnosed before or early in labour and were delivered before obstruction could develop. MATERIAL
To tell the truth: on scientific counterpublics

Research in the public understanding of science for and against the public deficit model often is based on assumptions of individualism and lay knowledge. That approach to the public is contrasted with a second and third concept of the public. Subordinate networks in diverse social fields can form counterpublics when they claim to represent the general public benefit better than the official constructions of the public and public interest that are articulated by the spokespersons of the dominant agents of the respective social fields. Among the counterpublics are those formed by subordinate networks in the scientific field. Two cases of scientific counterpublics, their relations with subordinate networks in other social fields, and their alternative concepts of public good, are explored in an effort to develop a broader understanding of the public and publics. Two policy implications, targeted funding pools and the “dissensus conference,” are discussed as possible policy innovations that could be developed in addition to deliberative and consultative approaches such as the consensus conference.
Design Strategy for a Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification of a Slaughterhouse Wastewater in a Sequencing Batch Reactor: ASM2D Modeling and Verification

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was used to treat slaughterhouse wastewater which contains average Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration of 5000 mg l−1 and ammonium of 360 mgN l−1. Nitrification/denitrification process was conducted for nitrogen removal. The influent wastewater as internal carbon source and sodium acetate as an external one was used for completing denitrification to achieve the simultaneous organic matter removal (95-96%) and nitrogen removal (95-97%). In addition, the dynamic SBR simulation model for biological nitrogen removal based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) and GPS-X® software is presented. The experimental study for the calibration and validation of the model was carried out using laboratory SBR. The study showed that the model provides a powerful tool to reduce the experimental expenditure and time to find the optimum strategy.
Mothers' Socialization of Children's Emotion in India and the USA: A Cross- and Within-culture Comparison

Parent responses to children's emotions vary within and across cultures. The present study compared mothers' reports of their emotional and behavioral responses in hypothetical situations depicting their children experiencing anger, sadness, or physical pain in two communities in India (traditional old city, N = 60; suburban middle class, N = 60), with a suburban middle-class group in the USA (N = 60). Results showed that mothers in both groups in India reported more explanation-oriented problem-focused responses to their children's emotions than US mothers. US mothers reported the most solution-oriented problem-focused responses, followed by suburban Indian mothers, followed by old-city mothers. US mothers reported behaviorally-oriented punitive responses (i.e., time out, removal of privileges) towards child anger more than the other groups. Suburban Indian mothers reported briefly not talking to the child in response to child anger more than the other groups whereas old-city Indian mothers reported scolding/spanking more than the other groups.
Experiments with a musical machine: musical style replication in 3 to 5 year old children

The relationship between new technology and learning is gaining increasing relevance in the field of music education (Webster, 2002; Folkestad et al., 1998). However, only a few studies have considered the nature of the interaction between children and musical machines. This article describes an observation study of children aged 3–5 years confronting a particular interactive musical system, the Continuator, which is able to produce music in the same style as a human playing the keyboard (Pachet, 2003). The analysis of two case studies suggests that the Continuator is able to develop interesting child/machine interactions and creative musical processes in young children. It was possible to observe a ‘life cycle’ of interaction, as well as micro-processes similar to those observed in child/adult interactions (Stern, 1985; Imberty, 2002). The ability of the system to attract and hold the attention of children has been interpreted through Csikszentmihalyi's (1990) ‘flow theory’.
A Qualitative Examination of Exergame Motivations in Geocaching.

INTRODUCTION Exergames are an innovative type of physical activity that engages participants through interactive gameplay. One exergame growing in popularity is geocaching. Geocaching is a high-tech treasure hunt that uses GPS-enabled technology to locate hidden caches. Caches are hidden all over the world, and their coordinates are listed in an online forum ( Geocaching.com ). Exergames like geocaching are widely endorsed; however, there is a lot of information that still needs to be learned about why people participate in these activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four current geocachers were recruited from a larger geocaching study to learn about their motivations for engaging in the game. Individuals were asked to respond to a 30-minute phone interview, and 12 both consented and participated the interviews. Interviews assessed how individuals became involved in geocaching, how frequently they participated, who they went geocaching with, and their motivations behind geocaching. Interviews were recorded and then thematically coded. RESULTS The majority of participants had geocached for more than 5 years and had learned about the activity through media. All 12 participants geocached at least once a week. The primary motivations behind geocaching were being outdoors, social interaction, physical activity, and relaxation. Individuals described geocaching as being part of a community. They typically made friends while geocaching or when they were on Geocaching.com and felt connected to other geocachers through their mutual interest. CONCLUSIONS Geocaching and other exergames that use game-like properties to engage users, specifically though technology, have the potential to impact individual health through nontraditional methods of activity and socialization.
A Fully Automatic System for Detection of Breast Microcalcification Clusters

Microcalcification clusters in mammograms may be an early sign of breast cancer. Therefore, their forward detection is of primary importance for treatment effectiveness and, consequently, for reduction of breast cancer mortality. Unfortunately, mammogram analysis is a complex and hard task which requires specialized radiologists. In fact, the intrinsic difficulty in cancer sign detection makes the image study particularly tiring, especially in mass screening situations. The difficulty in microcalcification detection is due both to their small size and to low contrast between microcalcifications and surrounding tissues. The high correlation between microcalcification cluster presence and disease appearance shows that computer-aided detection (CAD) systems for automated microcalcification detection are very useful and helpful for breast cancer control. In this paper, a new method for computer-aided detection and localization of microcalcifications which combines wavelet transform and neural network is introduced. The implemented procedure is fully automatic, without any necessity of manual selection of image region of interest or parameter calibration. For background noise removal, microcalcification enhancement and recognition of true microcalcifications, two different wavelet filters are adopted according to image statistical parameters. To minimize false microcalcification identifications, a special procedure is applied to the image representations which take into account singularity points. These suspected zones provide inputs for the neural network which is able to localize microcalcification clusters. Sensitivity and specificity parameters are considered for the procedure of performance evaluation. Adopting the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database for procedure testing, the proposed method is able to achieve high performance in microcalcification cluster detection and localization, as is shown through the plotted free-response operating characteristic (FROC) curve.
Variability among Rhizobium Strains Originating from Nodules of Vicia faba

Rhizobium strains from nodules of Vicia faba were diverse in plasmid content and serology. Results of multilocus gel electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism indicated several deep chromosomal lineages among the strains. Linkage disequilibrium among the chromosomal types was detected and may have reflected variation of Rhizobium strains in the different geographical locations from which the strains originated. An investigation of pea strains with antibodies prepared against fava bean strains and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, targeting DNA regions coding for rRNA and nodulation, indicated that Rhizobium strains from V. faba nodules were distinguishable from those from Pisum sativum, V. villosa, and Trifolium spp.
A Two-Step Flow of Influence?

In this article, we review concepts, measures, and strategies that can be applied to opinion-leader campaigns on climate change. These campaigns can be used to catalyze wider political engagement on the issue and to promote sustainable consumer choices and behaviors. From past research, we outline six relevant categories of self-designated opinion-leaders, detailing issues related to identification, recruitment, training, message development, and coordination. We additionally analyze as prominent initiatives Al Gore's The Climate Project and his more recent We campaign, which combines the recruitment of digital opinion-leaders with traditional media strategies. In evaluating digital opinion-leader campaigns, we conclude that there are likely to be significant trade-offs in comparison to face-to-face initiatives. The challenge for both scholars and practitioners is to understand under what conditions are digital opinion-leaders effective and in which ways can online interactions strengthen or build on real-world connections.
Representing Children in Child Protection Assessments

The article reports on findings from qualitative research into the conduct of in-depth assessments of families by social workers in child protection cases in Britain. It concentrates on two aspects of the portrayal of children in the assessments: the representation of children's views and the reporting of children's developmental progress. It is seen that children are often minor characters in the assessment reports. The weight and value given to children's opinions by social workers is variable. The description of younger children is mainly structured by developmental norms and assumptions. The article concludes that children are only partially represented in the assessments and that much of what we learn about them is mediated by adult perspectives and actions.
Evidence for substructure in Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy using a Bayesian object detection method

We present a method for identifying localized secondary populations in stellar velocity data using Bayesian statistical techniques. We apply this method to the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Ursa Minor and find two secondary objects in this satellite of the Milky Way. One object is kinematically cold with a velocity dispersion of 4.25 ± 0.75 km s-1 and centred at (9.1 arcmin ± 1.5, 7.2 arcmin ± 1.2) in relative RA and Dec. with respect to the centre of Ursa Minor. The second object has a large velocity offset of -12.8+1.75-1.5 km s-1 compared to Ursa Minor and centred at (-14.0 arcmin+2.4-5.8,-2.5 arcmin+0.4-1.0). The kinematically cold object has been found before using a smaller data set, but the prediction that this cold object has a velocity dispersion larger than 2.0 kms-1 at 95 per cent confidence level differs from previous work. We use two- and three-component models along with the information criteria and Bayesian evidence model selection methods to argue that Ursa Minor has additional localized secondary populations. The significant probability for a large velocity dispersion in each secondary object raises the intriguing possibility that each has its own dark matter halo, that is, it is a satellite of a satellite of the Milky Way. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Mobile Communities: Are We Talking About a Village, a Clan, or a Small Group?

A central issue in the adoption and use of information and communication technology is the degree to which it either contributes to or detracts from the development of social cohesion in the small group. When considering this question, one need recognize that the social dynamics of the mobile telephone are different from those of the Internet. The device affords point-to-point interaction that makes us individually addressable regardless of where we or our interlocutors may be. This analysis draws on survey material from Scandinavia. It is based on a random sample of approximately 1,800 persons in Norway surveyed in December 2007 and January 2008. The data were collected with a Web-based survey of a known population, as supplemented with telephone interviews to cover those who traditionally do not use the Web (generally, persons older than 50 years of age). Data from two surveys of 15- to 24-year-old Danes were included: one from 2004 (343 respondents) and one from 2006 (629 respondents). Research reported here, and by others, has found that the mobile telephone contributes to the development and maintenance of social cohesion within the closest sphere of friends and family. If community is construed to be more restricted and a result of this type of cohesion, then it is different in character than that used when discussing net-based networking.
Selection Test Anxiety: Investigating Applicants' Self- vs. Other-Referenced Anxiety in a Real Selection Setting

Test anxiety has received limited attention in personnel selection research, although it may impair the test performance of applicants. This paper describes the development and validation of a new two-dimensional measure of applicants' test anxiety, namely the Self- versus Other-Referenced Anxiety Questionnaire (SOAQ), that embeds worrisome cognitions of anxious applicants in the social evaluative context of self (Self-Referenced Anxiety) and significant others (Other-Referenced Anxiety). An exploratory factor analysis (calibration sample), followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (validation sample) and correlations with several proximal and distal theoretical constructs indicated satisfactory psychometric properties and construct validity for both SOAQ scales. Structural equation modeling further showed a differential impact of Self- and Other-Referenced Anxiety on applicants' test performance within a real personnel selection context. The scientific and practical relevance of these findings are discussed.
Postnatal nicotine exposure does not further compromise hypoxia defense mechanisms in prenatally nicotine‐exposed lambs

Aims: To determine whether combined pre‐ and postnatal nicotine exposure compared with prenatal exposure alone results in more compromised postnatal hypoxia defense mechanisms and further alteration of the postnatal breathing pattern (reduced tidal volume and increased respiratory rate). Methods: Seven lambs exposed to nicotine prenatally (pN) (approximate maternal dose: 0.5 mg/kg/d) and seven lambs exposed to nicotine pre‐ and postnatally (ppN) (postnatal dose: 1.6–2 mg/kg/d) were studied without sedation at an average age of 5 d and 21 d during resting (room air) conditions, during exposure to 10% O2 and during a brief exposure to 100% O2. Results: Resting minute ventilation, occlusion pressure, effective impedance, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were similar in the two groups during wakefulness and quiet sleep. Resting tidal volume was significantly higher in ppN than in pN lambs during wakefulness (9.4 ±; 0.7 vs 7.7 ±; 1.4 ml/kg, p > 0.05) and quiet sleep (9.8 ±; 0.6 vs 7.6 ±; 1.5 ml/kg, p > 0.01) at 5 d and also at 21 d during wakefulness (7.7 ±; 1.0 vs 6.2 ±; 1.1 ml/kg, p > 0.05). The ventilatory, heart rate and blood pressure responses to hypoxia were comparable in the two groups during both activity states. Time to arousal from quiet sleep in response to hypoxia was equivalent in the two groups. The ventilatory response to hyperoxia was not significantly different in the two groups during either activity state.
Transactive memory directories in small work units

Despite the increased importance for companies to control their intangible assets, little empirical research has been made on the linkages between single and distributed cognition in organizations. In this paper, the transactive memory concept is extended and adapted to examine the antecedents and consequences of directory formation in the Nordic subsidiaries in Japan. Value congruence, psychological safety, organizational commitment, and interpersonal and electronic communication are proposed to have a positive impact on directories. The directories are proposed to have positive linkage with service capital. Regression analyses show that the most of the independent variables have a statistically significant relationship with directories. Further, interpersonal communication mediates the impact of value congruence and psychological safety to directories. Directories were also found to have a positive relationship with the service capital.
exploring the relationships between gender, control balance, and deviance

Most scholars acknowledge that males are overrepresented in crime statistics, but existing criminological theory has not yet provided a widely accepted explanation of this difference. In this article, we review Tittle's (1995) arguments concerning gender differences in deviant behavior and derive five gender hypotheses from control balance theory. Using data collected specifically for the purpose of operationalizing the control ratio, we examine differential involvement in two forms of deviance (predation against self and exploitation against others) and empirically assess each of the derived hypotheses. Three key findings emerge from our effort. First, we fail to find a statistically significant difference between the mean control balance ratios of males and females as well as the items that comprise the control balance scale. Second, we find a significant relationship between gender and involvement in two types of deviance. Third, and more importantly, we uncover differential effects of the control balance ratio on the two types of deviance that are contingent on gender. We discuss the implications of our gender-control balance-deviance interaction for control balance theory, and outline directions for future research.
CYP2D6-CYP2C9 Protein-Protein Interactions and Isoform-Selective Effects on Substrate Binding and Catalysis

Cytochrome P450 (P450) protein-protein interactions have been observed with various in vitro systems. It is interesting to note that these interactions seem to be isoform-dependent, with some combinations producing no effect and others producing increased or decreased catalytic activity. With some exceptions, most of the work to date has involved P450s from rabbit, rat, and other animal species, with few studies including human P450s. In the studies presented herein, the interactions of two key drug-metabolizing enzymes, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6, were analyzed in a purified, reconstituted enzyme system for changes in both substrate-binding affinity and rates of catalysis. In addition, an extensive study was conducted as to the “order of mixing” for the reconstituted enzyme system and the impact on the observations. CYP2D6 coincubation inhibited CYP2C9-mediated (S)-flurbiprofen metabolism in a protein concentration-dependent manner. Vmax values were reduced by up to 50%, but no appreciable effect on Km was observed. Spectral binding studies revealed a 20-fold increase in the KS of CYP2C9 toward (S)-flurbiprofen in the presence of CYP2D6. CYP2C9 coincubation had no effect on CYP2D6-mediated dextromethorphan O-demethylation. The order of combination of the proteins (CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and cytochrome P450 reductase) influenced the magnitude of catalysis inhibition as well as the ability of increased cytochrome P450 reductase to attenuate the change in activity. A simple model, congruent with current results and those of others, is proposed to explain oligomer formation. In summary, CYP2C9-CYP2D6 interactions can alter catalytic activity and, thus, influence in vitro-in vivo correlation predictions.