Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
By the Community & For the Community

Community edits to questions and answers (called post edits) plays an important role in improving content quality in Stack Overflow. Our study of post edits in Stack Overflow shows that a large number of edits are about formatting, grammar and spelling. These post edits usually involve small-scale sentence edits and our survey of trusted contributors suggests that most of them care much or very much about such small sentence edits. To assist users in making small sentence edits, we develop an edit-assistance tool for identifying minor textual issues in posts and recommending sentence edits for correction. We formulate the sentence editing task as a machine translation problem, in which an original sentence is "translated" into an edited sentence. Our tool implements a character-level Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) encoder-decoder model, trained with about 6.8 millions original-edited sentence pairs from Stack Overflow post edits. We evaluate our edit assistance tool using a large-scale archival post edits, a field study of assisting a novice post editor, and a survey of trusted contributors. Our evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of training a deep learning model with post edits by the community and then using the trained model to assist post editing for the community.
The economic burden of occupational non-melanoma skin cancer due to solar radiation

ABSTRACT Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the second most prevalent carcinogenic exposure in Canada and is similarly important in other countries with large Caucasian populations. The objective of this article was to estimate the economic burden associated with newly diagnosed non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) attributable to occupational solar radiation exposure. Key cost categories considered were direct costs (healthcare costs, out-of-pocket costs (OOPCs), and informal caregiver costs); indirect costs (productivity/output costs and home production costs); and intangible costs (monetary value of the loss of health-related quality of life (HRQoL)). To generate the burden estimates, we used secondary data from multiple sources applied to computational methods developed from an extensive review of the literature. An estimated 2,846 (5.3%) of the 53,696 newly diagnosed cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 1,710 (9.2%) of the 18,549 newly diagnosed cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 2011 in Canada were attributable to occupational solar radiation exposure. The combined total for direct and indirect costs of occupational NMSC cases is $28.9 million ($15.9 million for BCC and $13.0 million for SCC), and for intangible costs is $5.7 million ($0.6 million for BCC and $5.1 million for SCC). On a per-case basis, the total costs are $5,670 for BCC and $10,555 for SCC. The higher per-case cost for SCC is largely a result of a lower survival rate, and hence higher indirect and intangible costs. Our estimates can be used to raise awareness of occupational solar UV exposure as an important causal factor in NMSCs and can highlight the importance of occupational BCC and SCC among other occupational cancers.
Acute effect of kinesiotape muscle technique on hamstring flexibility and pain during stretching

ÖzAmaç:Statik germe egzersizleri hamstring kaslar1nın fleksibilitesini artırmak için genellikle kullanılmaktadır. Fakat statik germe egzersizlerinin ağrı yaratarak yapılan egzersizi konforsuz hale getirdiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kinesiotape® uygulamasının hamstring kaslarının fleksibilitesi ve germe sırasındaki ağrı hissi üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntemler:Bilateral hamstring gerginliği olan onbeş gönüllü (yaş=23.53±1.55 yıl) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Her gönüllün alt ekstremiteleri rasgele sayı üreten bir program ile randomize edildi ve bir alt ekstremite çalışma, diğeri kontrol grubuna dahil edildi. Kinesiotape® uygulaması sadece çalışma grubuna kas tekniği kullanılarak yapıldı. Çalışma grubuna kinesiotape® uygulaması yapıldıktan sonra her iki gruptaki olgular beş tekrarlı hamstring germe egzersizi yaptılar. Uygulamalardan önce ve sonra hamstring gerginliği ve germe egzersizi sırasındaki ağrı değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar:Uygulamalar öncesi ve sonrası değerlendirmelerin analizi sonucunda, çalışma grubunda aktif diz ekstansiyonu testi ve germe egzersizi sırasındaki ağrı skorunda gelişme görüldü (p<.01). Çalışma grubu 10.6 derece (ortalama) esneklik kazandı (Cohen’s d=0.90). Kontrol grubunun sonuçları anlamlı değildi (p>.01). Tartışma:Kinesiotape® kas tekniği uygulaması hem kas flexibilitesini artımaktadır, hem de germe sırasındaki ağrıyı azaltmaktadır. Hamstring gerginliği olan olgularda akut etki elde etmek için fizyoterapistler tarafından kullanılabilir. AbstractPurpose:Static stretching exercises were generally used to improve hamstring flexibility. However it is known that stretching exercises generally create pain that makes stretching uncomfortable. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of kinesiotaping on hamstring muscle flexibility and pain during stretching.Methods:Fifteen voluntary participants (age=23.53±1.55 years) who have bilateral hamstring tightness were included in the study. Each subject’s lower extremities were randomized with random number generator software and one included in the study group, the other included in control the group. Kinesiotape® was applied to the study group with muscle technique. After kinesiotape application to the study group, both groups did five repetitions of hamstring stretching exercises. Before and after intervention hamstring tightness and pain during hamstring stretching exercise were evaluated.Results:Analysis of the pre and post intervention assessments showed a significant improvement in the study group in active knee extension test and pain during hamstring stretching exercise (p<.01). Study group gained 10.6 (mean) degrees of flexibility (Cohen’s d=0.90). Control group’s results were not significant (p>.01). Discussion:Application of kinesiotape® muscle technique both increases muscle flexibility and decreases pain during stretching in acute condition. It could be used in subjects with hamstring tightness by physiotherapists to gain immediate effect.
A New Sobolev Gradient Method for Direct Minimization of the Gross--Pitaevskii Energy with Rotation

In this paper we improve traditional steepest descent methods for the direct minimization of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) energy with rotation at two levels. We first define a new inner product to equip the Sobolev space $H^1$ and derive the corresponding gradient. Second, for the treatment of the mass conservation constraint, we use a projection method that avoids more complicated approaches based on modified energy functionals or traditional normalization methods. The descent method with these two new ingredients is studied theoretically in a Hilbert space setting, and we give a proof of the global existence and convergence in the asymptotic limit to a minimizer of the GP energy. The new method is implemented in both finite difference and finite element two-dimensional settings and is used to compute various complex configurations with vortices of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. The new Sobolev gradient method shows better numerical performances compared to classical $L^2$ or $H^1$ gradient methods, especially when high rotation rates are considered.
Plasma cyclophilin A is a novel biomarker for coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress induces secretion of cyclophilin A (CyPA) from vascular smooth muscle cells and it plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in mice. Therefore, we tested our hypothesis that plasma CyPA levels are increased in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS In 320 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography, we examined the relationship between plasma CyPA levels and the severity of CAD. We measured plasma CyPA by an immunoassay based on the sandwich technique. Plasma CyPA levels were significantly higher in patients with significant coronary stenosis compared to those without it (P<0.001). A positive correlation was noted between plasma CyPA levels and significant coronary stenosis. The average number of stenotic coronary arteries and the need for coronary intervention were significantly increased in the quartiles of higher CyPA levels (both P<0.001). Indeed, the plasma CyPA level significantly correlated with the presence of CAD (adjusted odds ratio for CAD, 6.20; 95% confidence interval, 3.14-12.27; P<0.001). Interestingly, plasma levels of CyPA increased according to the number of atherosclerotic risk factors, all of which induce oxidative stress. Furthermore, plasma levels of CyPA significantly reduced after medical treatment of risk factors. Finally, CyPA was strongly expressed in coronary atherosclerotic plaque in patients with myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Plasma CyPA level is a novel biomarker for oxidative stress and CAD in humans.
Measured Pedestrian Movement and Bodyworn Terminal Effects for the Indoor Channel at 5 . 2 GHz

Human body effects such as antenna-body interaction and scattering caused by pedestrian movement are important indoor radio propagation phenomena at microwave frequencies. This paper reports measurements and statistical analysis of the indoor narrowband propagation channel at 5.2 GHz for two scenarios: a fixed line-of-sight (LOS) link perturbed by pedestrian movement, and a mobile link incorporating a bodyworn terminal moving at 0.5 m/s. Two indoor environments were considered for both types of measurement: an 18-m long corridor and a 42 m office. The fixed-link results show that the statistical distribution of the received envelope was dependent on the number of pedestrians present. However, fading was slower than expected, with an average fade duration of more than 100 ms for a Doppler frequency of 8.67 Hz. For the bodyworn terminal results, mean received power values were dependent on whether or not the user’s body obstructed the LOS. For example, in the corridor the average non-line-of-sight (NLOS) pathloss was 5.4 dB greater than with LOS.
Adolescent Summer Camp Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Peers with Disabilities

ABSTRACT This study explored the malleability of adolescent attitudes toward their peers with disabilities after volunteering in a summer day-camp. The Contact with Disabled Persons Scale (CDP) and the Multi-Dimensional Attitude Scale (MAS) were used to collect data in order to determine the association between volunteering in a recreation-based summer day camp and adolescent attitudes toward disability. After a covariate-adjusted regression analysis, contact with individuals with disabilities was found to significantly predict change in attitudes toward disability. Dyadic interviews were held after camp participation to provide additional sources of data with potential for deeper understanding of the camp experience for volunteers. The data suggested that participants perceived camp as a setting for the development of relationships with peers who have disabilities. These relationships further framed participants' understanding of the experience as fun, difficult, and resulting in perceived personal change. Implications for future research are discussed.
SEGMENTATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTELY SENSED DATA - CONCEPTS, APPLICATIONS AND PROBLEMS

Segmentation algorithms have already been recognized as a valuable and complementary approach that similar to human operators perform a region-based rather than a point-based evaluation of high-resolution and multi-source remotely sensed data. Goal of this paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art of respective segmentation methods by describing the underlying concepts which are rather complex in the case of processing remotely sensed data, demonstrating various applications (automatical object recognition, signalbased fusion as support for visual interpretation, and estimation of the terrain surface from Digital Surface Models), and identifying yet existing problems and further research and development needs.
Bringing the Book to Life

Using participatory action research, the first researcher functioned as co-teacher in a fifth-grade class in a large northeastern city public school. The researcher and classroom teacher guided 28 students working in book clubs to compose digital stories in response to historical fiction. The research questions were: (a) What interpretations did students have of their historical fiction novels through the mediational tools of digital storytelling? (b) How did the dynamics of the book club structure contribute to the students’ interpretive work? Data sources included students’ process and product work, video and audio recordings of work sessions, reflective notes and journal, a semi-structured interview with the teacher, and stimulated recall interviews with three case study book clubs. Both researchers used multimodal analysis, particularly the concept transmediation, concepts of interpretation in reader response, and grounded theory, informed by activity theory, to analyze data. Findings show students’ expression of and limits to interpretation in the multimodal ensembles of their digital stories. The purposeful use of digital technology generated ongoing problem solving. Activity systems expanded students’ learning by generating collaborative zones of proximal development, a dialectic among mediational tools, and opportunities to take on roles that shaped students’ identities and repositioned who they could be in this learning community. The study shows the value of project-based multimodal responses using digital technologies in collaborative groups to develop students’ comprehension of literary texts. The study suggests an alternative to writing-to-learn practices that dominate the implementation of the Common Core State Standards, and that high-stakes tests reify.
Antimicrobial hydrogels: promising materials for medical application

The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes is becoming an imminent global public health problem. Local application of antibiotics might be a solution. In local application, materials need to act as the drug delivery system. The drug delivery system should be biodegradable and prolonged antibacterial effect should be provided to satisfy clinical demand. Hydrogel is a promising material for local antibacterial application. Hydrogel refers to a kind of biomaterial synthesized by a water-soluble natural polymer or a synthesized polymer, which turns into gel according to the change in different signals such as temperature, ionic strength, pH, ultraviolet exposure etc. Because of its high hydrophilicity, unique three-dimensional network, fine biocompatibility and cell adhesion, hydrogel is one of the suitable biomaterials for drug delivery in antimicrobial areas. In this review, studies from the past 5 years were reviewed, and several types of antimicrobial hydrogels according to different ingredients, different preparations, different antimicrobial mechanisms, different antimicrobial agents they contained and different applications, were summarized. The hydrogels loaded with metal nanoparticles as a potential method to solve antibiotic resistance were highlighted. Finally, future prospects of development and application of antimicrobial hydrogels are suggested.
Significance of MORB-derived Amphibolites from the Aracena Metamorphic Belt, Southwest Spain

The Aracena metamorphic belt, in the southwest Iberian Massif, is characterized by the presence of MORB-derived amphibolites and continental rocks deformed and metamorphosed during the Hercynian orogeny. Geochemical relationships of these amphibolites indicate the existence of a multiple fractionation process from a set of parental magmas, implying the existence of a multi-chamber system beneath the ridge where the basalt protolith was extruded. Neodymium isotopic ratios are typical of MORB, and oxygen isotopes indicate that these amphibolites have been derived from the uppermost part of the oceanic crust Thermal evolution, revealed from the study of chemical variations in the amphibole chemistry, is interpreted as resulting from subduction in a low-pressure regime in which the thermal structure of the continental hanging-wall played an important role. This continental wall was previously heated by subduction of a slab window resulting from migration of a triple junction along the continental edge during plate convergence. Three petrologic arguments support this tectonic model These are: (1) the low-pressure inverted metamorphic gradient of amphibolites of the oceanic domain; (2) the high-temperaturelow-pressure metamorphism of the continental hanging wall; (3) the early intrusion of boninites into the continental domain.
Cardiovascular Reactivity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression

1 CHAPTER I: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 7 PTSD and CVD 7 Depression, PTSD and CVD 9 Link between Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity and CVD 11 Mechanical and Neural Influences on Cardiovascular Functioning 13 Mechanisms Mediating between CVR and Disease 15 Role of HPA-Axis and Allostatic Load 18 Measurement of CVR 20 Task Implications 21 Investigating the Relationship between Blunted CVR and CVD 23 Cardiovascular Reactivity and PTSD 25 CVD and Women with PTSD 27 PTSD Symptom Clusters and Health Outcomes 29 Changes in the Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD in DSM-5 32 Summary 33 Purpose of the Study 34 Hypotheses 34
Imperfect Central Bank Communication - Information versus Distraction

Much of the information communicated by central banks is noisy or imperfect. This paper considers the potential benefits and limitations of central bank communications in a model of imperfect knowledge and learning. It is shown that the value of communicating imperfect information is ambiguous. There is a risk that the central bank can distract the public; this means that the central bank may prefer to focus its communication policies on the information it knows most about. Indeed, conveying more certain information may improve the public's understanding to the extent that it "crowds out" a role for communicating imperfect information.
Correlation between plasma endothelin-1 levels and severity of septic liver failure quantified by maximal liver function capacity (LiMAx test). A prospective study

Aim To investigate the relationship between the degree of liver dysfunction, quantified by maximal liver function capacity (LiMAx test) and endothelin-1, TNF-α and IL-6 in septic surgical patients. Methods 28 septic patients (8 female, 20 male, age range 35–80y) were prospectively investigated on a surgical intensive care unit. Liver function, defined by LiMAx test, and measurements of plasma levels of endothelin-1, TNF-α and IL-6 were carried out within the first 24 hours after onset of septic symptoms, followed by day 2, 5 and 10. Patients were divided into 2 groups (group A: LiMAx ≥100 μg/kg/h, moderate liver dysfunction; group B: LiMAx <100 μg/kg/h, severe liver dysfunction) for analysis and investigated regarding the correlation between endothelin-1 and the severity of liver failure, quantified by LiMAx test. Results Group B showed significant higher results for endothelin-1 than patients in group A (P = 0.01, d5; 0.02, d10). For TNF-α, group B revealed higher results than group A, with a significant difference on day 10 (P = 0.005). IL-6 showed a non-significant trend to higher results in group B. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between LiMAx and endothelin-1 (-0.434; P <0.001), TNF-α (-0.515; P <0.001) and IL-6 (-0.590; P <0.001). Conclusions Sepsis-related hepatic dysfunction is associated with elevated plasma levels of endothelin-1, TNF-α and IL-6. Low LiMAx results combined with increased endothelin-1 and TNF-α and a favourable correlation between LiMAx and cytokine values support the findings of a crucial role of Endothelin-1 and TNF-α in development of septic liver failure.
Bored Like Hell: Religiosity Reduces Boredom and Tempers the Quest for Meaning

Boredom involves a lack meaning. Conversely, religiosity offers people a sense of meaning. Accordingly, we proposed that by imbuing a sense of meaningfulnesss, religiosity leads people to experience less boredom. Furthermore, we hypothesized and tested that by reducing boredom, religiosity indirectly inhibits the search for meaningful engagement. In Study 1, following boring tasks, religious people experienced lower levels of boredom and were less motivated to search for meaning than nonreligious people. We found in Study 2 that religious (vs. non- or less religious) people reported higher perceived meaning in life, which was associated with a reduced tendency to feel bored, and with a reduced need to search for meaning in life. Study 3 confirmed that the meaning in life associated with religiosity was associated with reduced state boredom. Religious participants were again less inclined to search for meaning, which was explained by the relatively low levels of boredom that religious (vs. nonreligious) participants experienced.
Landscape epidemiology modeling using an agent-based model and a geographic information system

A landscape epidemiology modeling framework is presented which integrates the simulation outputs from an established spatial agent-based model (ABM) of malaria with a geographic information system (GIS). For a study area in Kenya, five landscape scenarios are constructed with varying coverage levels of two mosquito-control interventions. For each scenario, maps are presented to show the average distributions of three output indices obtained from the results of 750 simulation runs. Hot spot analysis is performed to detect statistically significant hot spots and cold spots. Additional spatial analysis is conducted using ordinary kriging with circular semivariograms for all scenarios. The integration of epidemiological simulation-based results with spatial analyses techniques within a single modeling framework can be a valuable tool for conducting a variety of disease control activities such as exploring new biological insights, monitoring epidemiological landscape changes, and guiding resource allocation for further investigation.
Why Do People Regulate Their Emotions? A Taxonomy of Motives in Emotion Regulation

Emotion regulation involves the pursuit of desired emotional states (i.e., emotion goals) in the service of superordinate motives. The nature and consequences of emotion regulation, therefore, are likely to depend on the motives it is intended to serve. Nonetheless, limited attention has been devoted to studying what motivates emotion regulation. By mapping the potential benefits of emotion to key human motives, this review identifies key classes of motives in emotion regulation. The proposed taxonomy distinguishes between hedonic motives that target the immediate phenomenology of emotions, and instrumental motives that target other potential benefits of emotions. Instrumental motives include behavioral, epistemic, social, and eudaimonic motives. The proposed taxonomy offers important implications for understanding the mechanism of emotion regulation, variation across individuals and contexts, and psychological function and dysfunction, and points to novel research directions.