Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-rank matrix recovery from errors and erasures

This paper considers the recovery of a low-rank matrix from an observed version that simultaneously contains both (a) erasures: most entries are not observed, and (b) errors: values at a constant fraction of (unknown) locations are arbitrarily corrupted. We provide a new unified performance guarantee on when a (natural) recently proposed method, based on convex optimization, succeeds in exact recovery. Our result allows for the simultaneous presence of random and deterministic components in both the error and erasure patterns. On the one hand, corollaries obtained by specializing this one single result in different ways recovers (upto poly-log factors) all the existing works in matrix completion, and sparse and low-rank matrix recovery. On the other hand, our results also provide the first guarantees for (a) deterministic matrix completion, and (b) recovery when we observe a vanishing fraction of entries of a corrupted matrix.
The relationship between barriers to change and the work engagement of employees in a South African property management company

Orientation: For any organisational change initiative to have a successful outcome, people need to contribute and be engaged in the process. Research purpose: The main objective of the research was to determine the relationship between barriers to change and work engagement. The secondary objectives of the research were to determine whether there are significant relationships between barriers to change, work engagement and demographic variables. Motivation for the study: Exploring and understanding the relationship between barriers to change and work engagement amongst different demographic groups will help organisations to predict which working environments and jobs are amenable to organisational change and which will alleviate, and maybe even eliminate, the negative effects of change. Research design, approach and method: The researchers used a cross-sectional survey research design. They drew a convenience sample of 234 employees (N = 234) from a South African property management company. They administered the Barriers to Change Questionnaire and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Main findings: The results showed a practically significant relationship, with a large effect, between barriers to change and work engagement. In addition, the results showed significant differences between barriers to change and demographic groupings based on home language, ethnicity and organisational level. The results also showed significant differences between work engagement and demographic groupings based on home language, ethnicity and level of education. Practical/managerial implications: Managing barriers to change can increase the work engagement of employees. Contribution/value-add: The research adds to the knowledge about the adverse effects of organisational change initiatives on people.
Young people's uses of music for well-being

The period between 15 and 25 years is characterised by much personal change and is the peak age of onset of mental health problems. This prompts an interest in everyday strategies that young people might use to support their well-being. Music use is the preferred leisure activity among young people yet little is known about how music is linked to well-being in this population. This study aimed to develop and test a model of the relationships between young people's use of music and their well-being, drawing on theories from the music psychology and clinical psychology fields. A qualitative analysis of transcripts from focus groups with 11 participants aged 15–25 years revealed four ways in which music listening links with well-being: relationship building, modifying emotions, modifying cognitions and emotional immersion. These linking variables were operationalised using questionnaire scores and tested on a new sample of 107 young people. Results of a multiple mediation analysis revealed that music listening was significantly related to all four linking variables, but not directly related to well-being as measured by the Mental Health Continuum. Nevertheless, the four linking variables indirectly mediated the effect of music listening on social well-being. The findings are consistent with earlier research on the role of music in emotion regulation and social connection although there are clearly other factors involved in determining young peoples' well-being. These findings will help inform music-based interventions for young people.
Spectroscopic detections of C iii] λ1909 Å at z ≃ 6–7: a new probe of early star-forming galaxies and cosmic reionization

Deep spectroscopic observations of z ≳ 6.5 galaxies have revealed a marked decline with increasing redshift in the detectability of Ly α emission. While this may offer valuable insight into the end of the reionization process, it presents a challenge to the detailed spectroscopic study of bright photometrically-selected distant sources now being found via deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging, and particularly those highly magnified sources viewed through foreground lensing clusters. In this paper, we demonstrate the validity of a new way forward via the detection of an alternative diagnostic line, C iii] λ1909 A, seen in spectroscopic exposures of a star-forming galaxy at zLyα = 6.029. We also report tentative detection of C iii] λ1909 A in a galaxy at z_Lyα = 7.213. The former 3. 3σ detection is based on a 3.5 h XShooter spectrum of a bright (J125 = 25.2) gravitationally-lensed galaxy behind the cluster Abell 383. The latter 2. 8σ detection is based on a 4.2 h MOSFIRE spectra of one of the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxies, GN-108036, with J140 = 25.2. Both targets were chosen for their continuum brightness and previously-known redshift (based on Ly α), ensuring that any C iii] emission would be located in a favourable portion of the near-infrared sky spectrum. Since the availability of secure Ly α redshifts significantly narrows the wavelength range where C iii] is sought, this increases confidence in these, otherwise, low-signal-to-noise ratio detections. We compare our C iii] and Ly α equivalent widths in the context of those found at z ≃ 2 from earlier work and discuss the motivation for using lines other than Ly α to study galaxies in the reionization era.
360° feedback: Accuracy, reactions, and perceptions of usefulness.

This study examined how 360 degree feedback ratings and self-other rating discrepancies related to reactions to feedback, perceptions of feedback accuracy, perceived usefulness of the feedback, and recipients' receptivity to development. The results indicated that less favorable ratings were related to beliefs that feedback was less accurate and to negative reactions. Negative reactions and perceptions that feedback was less accurate were related to beliefs that the feedback was less useful. Those who found feedback less useful were perceived by a facilitator as less development-focused. Goal orientation did not moderate the relationship between ratings and perceptions of accuracy or reactions to feedback. Goal orientation was related to perceptions of usefulness of the process several weeks after receipt of feedback. The results question widely held assumptions about 360 degree feedback that negative and discrepant feedback motivates positive change.
SCALS: a fourth-generation study of assisted living technologies in their organisational, social, political and policy context

Introduction Research to date into assisted living technologies broadly consists of 3 generations: technical design, experimental trials and qualitative studies of the patient experience. We describe a fourth-generation paradigm: studies of assisted living technologies in their organisational, social, political and policy context. Fourth-generation studies are necessarily organic and emergent; they view technology as part of a dynamic, networked and potentially unstable system. They use co-design methods to generate and stabilise local solutions, taking account of context. Methods and analysis SCALS (Studies in Co-creating Assisted Living Solutions) consists (currently) of 5 organisational case studies, each an English health or social care organisation striving to introduce technology-supported services to support independent living in people with health and/or social care needs. Treating these cases as complex systems, we seek to explore interdependencies, emergence and conflict. We employ a co-design approach informed by the principles of action research to help participating organisations establish, refine and evaluate their service. To that end, we are conducting in-depth ethnographic studies of people's experience of assisted living technologies (micro level), embedded in evolving organisational case studies that use interviews, ethnography and document analysis (meso level), and exploring the wider national and international context for assisted living technologies and policy (macro level). Data will be analysed using a sociotechnical framework developed from structuration theory. Ethics and dissemination Research ethics approval for the first 4 case studies has been granted. An important outcome will be lessons learned from individual co-design case studies. We will document the studies’ credibility and rigour, and assess the transferability of findings to other settings while also recognising unique aspects of the contexts in which they were generated. Academic outputs will include a cross-case analysis and progress in theory and method of fourth-generation assisted living technology research. We will produce practical guidance for organisations, policymakers, designers and service users.
Practical Paediatric Psychopharmacological Prescribing in Autism

Claims of ‘miracle cures’ for autism in the press and on the Internet bring new pressures to bear on parents of children with autism, and the professionals who care for them. Between a third and a half of people with autism in America are receiving some psychotropic medication. Despite recent advances in paediatric psychopharmacology, there is no proof that any medication can target the primary social impairments that characterize autism. The article discusses the evidence behind two approaches to psychopharmacological management in children with autism. The first approach selects certain target symptoms such as resistance to change, ritualistic/compulsive behaviours, hyperactivity, aggressive behaviours and sleep problems. The evidence for the effectiveness of agents including stimulants, anti- depressants, and melatonin when used to treat these symptoms is appraised. The second approach attempts to treat or cure the primary social impairment underlying autism. The evidence for the effectiveness of agents including naltrexone, fenfluramine and secretin is appraised. Early reports in this field have generated false hope, and the need for well-designed larger multicentre trials is emphasized.
Replication Fork Stalling and Checkpoint Activation by a PKD1 Locus Mirror Repeat Polypurine-Polypyrimidine (Pu-Py) Tract*

Background: Repeated sequence non-B DNA structures impede replication forks and produce replication stress. Results: A PKD1 polypurine-polypyrimidine mirror repeat sequence stalls replication forks in an orientation-dependent manner. Conclusion: Non-B DNA structure formation of the Pu-rich lagging strand template leads to checkpoint activation. Significance: Deciphering how non-B DNA structures provoke replication stress, checkpoint activation, and adaptation is important for understanding genome instability diseases. DNA sequences prone to forming noncanonical structures (hairpins, triplexes, G-quadruplexes) cause DNA replication fork stalling, activate DNA damage responses, and represent hotspots of genomic instability associated with human disease. The 88-bp asymmetric polypurine-polypyrimidine (Pu-Py) mirror repeat tract from the human polycystic kidney disease (PKD1) intron 21 forms non-B DNA secondary structures in vitro. We show that the PKD1 mirror repeat also causes orientation-dependent fork stalling during replication in vitro and in vivo. When integrated alongside the c-myc replicator at an ectopic chromosomal site in the HeLa genome, the Pu-Py mirror repeat tract elicits a polar replication fork barrier. Increased replication protein A (RPA), Rad9, and ataxia telangiectasia- and Rad3-related (ATR) checkpoint protein binding near the mirror repeat sequence suggests that the DNA damage response is activated upon replication fork stalling. Moreover, the proximal c-myc origin of replication was not required to cause orientation-dependent checkpoint activation. Cells expressing the replication fork barrier display constitutive Chk1 phosphorylation and continued growth, i.e. checkpoint adaptation. Excision of the Pu-Py mirror repeat tract abrogates the DNA damage response. Adaptation to Chk1 phosphorylation in cells expressing the replication fork barrier may allow the accumulation of mutations that would otherwise be remediated by the DNA damage response.
Mobility, Flexible Lifestyles and Cosmopolitanism: EU Postgraduates in Manchester

Some commentators on globalisation and migration have suggested that a growing number of young, educated individuals regard moving overseas as a vehicle for pursing their project of self-realisation, whether imagined in terms of promoting careers or of the search for adventure and cultural variety or both. Drawing on the experiences of skilled migrants from EU countries living in Manchester, the paper examines the motives which induced them to migrate and suggests that economic constraints were often equally as or more significant in propelling them overseas and in influencing their choice of destination than their personal preferences. The paper then argues that their actual experiences abroad became much more significant to their life trajectories than earlier decisions. Most were propelled towards cosmopolitanism and greater world openness because of their exposure to, and involvement in, post-national relationships and intercultural encounters. Although these tended to push them even further away from their original national origins, thereby creating more scope for re-constructing a chosen life path, they also left them more exposed to, and dependent upon, these new relationships and cosmopolitan influences.
Outbreak of boils in an Alaskan village: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether taking steam baths was associated with furunculosis and to evaluate possible risk factors for the occurrence of boils during a large outbreak in Alaska. DESIGN A cohort study of village residents, a case-control study, and assessment of environmental cultures taken from steam baths. SETTING Village in southwestern Alaska. PARTICIPANTS 1 adult member from 77 of the 92 households in the village was interviewed; 115 residents with at least one boil occurring between January 1 and December 12, 1996 were considered to be cases; 209 residents without a boil acted as the control group. All 459 village residents were included in the cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Rate of infection among all residents and residents who regularly took steam baths, risk factors for infection, and relative risk of infection. RESULTS 115 people (25%) had had at least one boil. Men were more likely to have had a boil than women (relative risk 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.2). The highest rate of infection was among people ages 25-34 years (32/76; 42%). No children younger than 2 years had had boils. Boils were associated with using a steam bath (odds ratio 8.1; 3.3 to 20.1). Among those who used a steam bath, the likelihood of developing boils was reduced by routinely sitting on a towel while bathing, which women were more likely to do, and bathing with fewer than 8 people. Of the 93 samples taken from steam baths, one Staphylococcus aureus isolate was obtained from a bench in an outer dressing room. CONCLUSION Using a steam bath was associated with developing boils in this outbreak in a village in Alaska. People should be advised to sit on towels while using steam baths.
Does the Gmat Matter for Executive MBA Students: Some Empirical Evidence

This paper examines the relation of several factors, including the GMAT score, undergraduate background, and work experience to academic success in an Executive MBA program. The GMAT score was found to have a weak, if any, relation to overall academic success for Executive MBA students, although it was positively and significantly related to performance in a smaller set of first year classes. Work experience, particularly career advancement, was found to be positively and significantly related to overall program performance. Statistically significant program performance differences were also found by gender, indicating superior performance by women.
The Effects of Sex, Gender Role, and Personality Traits on Leader Emergence

This study investigated the effects of sex, gender roles, and personality (self-monitoring, self-efficacy, and dominance) on leader emergence in Turkish university students. Two hundred and nineteen business students filled in personality and gender role inventories, and 60 of them were selected by personality and sex to join in a 4-person leaderless group discussion involving a gender-neutral task. At the completion of the sessions, they evaluated each other on leadership perception and preferences. Results showed that the only personality trait predicting leader emergence in Turkish students was self-monitoring. Differing from studies conducted in Western cultures, dominance, self-efficacy, sex, and gender role orientation were not found to predict emergent group leaders. This difference is explained within the context of Turkey's feminine and collectivist cultural characteristics. The study supports the idea that North American research findings on group leadership perceptions should be tested in other cultures. This issue is especially important for global organizations functioning worldwide.
Results of infected total knee arthroplasty treated with arthroscopic debridement and continuous antibiotic irrigation system

Background Arthroscopic debridement with continuous irrigation system was used with success in treating infective arthritis. We evaluated the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement coupled with antibiotic continuous irrigation system in acute presentation of late infected total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of medical record of patients with acute presentation of late infected total knee arthroplasty who were treated by arthroscopic debridement coupled with continuous postoperative antibiotic irrigation system. Results Seventeen patients were included in our study. 15 (88%) patients preserved their total knee prosthesis at mean of followup of 27.5 months (range, 14–28 months). Two (12%) patients failed arthroscopic protocol and finally needed two stages revision. Our study showed an 88% prosthesis retention rate in patients with acute presentation of late prosthetic knee infection. No complication was associated with use of antibiotic irrigation system. Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement combined with continuous antibiotic irrigation and suction is an effective treatment for patients with acute presentation of late infected total knee arthroplasty.
Research Synthesis: Adolescent Suicide and Substance Abuse in the United States, 1990–2002

&NA; The purpose of this research synthesis was to analyze the research conducted in the domain of adolescent suicide and substance abuse through studies in the United States between 1990 and 2002. A systematic examination for research focus, hypotheses, research and analytic design, sample, validity and reliability of instrumentation, variables and accompanying study outcomes, strengths, and limitations was conducted on 19 adolescent suicide studies. The Research Analysis Tool (RAT) developed by Moody, Wilson, Smyth, Schwartz, Tittle, and VanCott (1988) was used for data organization.
A Note On the Connection and Equivalence of Three Sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis Methods

In this article, we reveal the connection between and equivalence of three sparse linear discriminant analysis methods: the ℓ1-Fisher’s discriminant analysis proposed by Wu et al. in 2008, the sparse optimal scoring proposed by Clemmensen et al. in 2011, and the direct sparse discriminant analysis (DSDA) proposed by Mai et al. in 2012. It is shown that, for any sequence of penalization parameters, the normalized solutions of DSDA equal the normalized solutions of the other two methods at different penalization parameters. A prostate cancer dataset is used to demonstrate the theory.
Tobacco Spending and its Crowd-Out of Other Goods

Smoking is an expensive habit. Smoking households spend, on average, more than $US1000 annually on cigarettes. When a family member quits, in addition to the former smoker's improved long-term health, families benefit because savings from reduced cigarette expenditures can be allocated to other goods. For households in which some members continue to smoke, smoking expenditures crowd-out other purchases, which may affect other household members, as well as the smoker. We empirically analyse how expenditures on tobacco crowd-out consumption of other goods, estimating the patterns of substitution and complementarity between tobacco products and other categories of household expenditure. We use the Consumer Expenditure Survey data for the years 1995-2001, which we complement with regional price data and state cigarette prices. We estimate a consumer demand system that includes several main expenditure categories (cigarettes, food, alcohol, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care) and controls for socioeconomic variables and other sources of observable heterogeneity. Descriptive data indicate that, comparing smokers to nonsmokers, smokers spend less on housing. Results from the demand system indicate that as the price of cigarettes rises, households increase the quantity of food purchased, and, in some samples, reduce the quantity of apparel and housing purchased.
Systems of States

One aspect of international relations which interested Martin Wight particularly was the functioning of what are called systems of states. That has also been an area of my especial interest since the late 50s. It was the focus of the discussions of the British Committee on the Theory of International Politics. The committee was organized in the late fifties to bring, together people from different disciplines, practitioners as well as scholars. Herbert Butterfield and Martin were the founders and guiding spirits of the early years of the committee, and I was one of the original members. It was a collective enterprise: members submitted papers which left as questions those points on which the author did not feel certain of the answers. Martin told me that the most stimulating and interesting work he did during the 60s was writing papers for the committee and taking part in its discussions.
The Terrorist Threat

This article differentiates between three different axes of conflict in world risk society. The first axis is that of ecological conflicts, which are by their very essence global. The second is global financial crises, which, in a first stage, can be individualized and nationalized. And the third, which suddenly broke upon us on September 11th, is the threat of transnational terror networks, which empowers governments and states. Two sets of implications are drawn: first, there are the political dynamics of world risk society. In an age where trust and faith in God, class and progress have largely disappeared, humanity's common fear has proved the last - ambivalent - resource for making new bonds. Second, the methodological nationalism that preoccupies the sociological imagination has to be overcome and a `methodological cosmopolitism' has to be created.