Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease.

opposing drivers (Fig. 1), but the mechanistic significance of the parallel decrease of both procoagulants and anticoagulants in patients with chronic liver disease escaped attention for many years. As a consequence, chronic liver disease is still considered the epitome of acquired bleeding disorders and is featured as such in most hematology textbooks. The basic laboratory tests of coagulation (i.e., measurement of the prothrombin time and activated partial-thromboplastin time) have been used to assess the risk of bleeding. However, their results are poorly correlated with the onset and duration of bleeding after liver biopsy or other potentially hemorrhagic procedures. 2-7 These test results are also poorly correlated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding, the prototype of hemorrhagic events in patients with end-stage liver disease. 8,9 Additional evidence that argues against the clinical relevance of the coagulation defects as detected by conventional laboratory tests in determining the bleeding tendency in these patients can be drawn from the natural history of liver transplantation. In the past, this major surgical procedure required massive transfusions of plasma and other blood products to correct the marked abnormalities on tests of hemostasis (assessments of coagulation, platelets, and fibrinolysis) observed both preoperatively and perioperatively. The need for transfusions, however, has declined considerably over time — not because of any substantial change in medication, but rather because of improved surgical procedures. 10 Finally and most important, randomized clinical trials involving patients with chronic liver disease have shown that powerful procoagulant agents, such as recombinant activated factor VII, fail to control bleeding from the upper intestinal tract 11,12 or bleeding during liver transplantation, 13,14 even though the postinfusion prothrombin time is considerably shortened. 11 In this review, we consider the evidence regarding the balance in the hemostatic system (involving coagulation, platelets, and fibrinolysis).
Neural Integration of Peripheral Signals Implicated in the Control of Energy Homeostasis and Metabolism Selective contributions of the medial preoptic nucleus to testosterone-dependant regulation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the HPA axis

Williamson M, Viau V. Selective contributions of the medial preoptic nucleus to testosterone-dependant regulation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the HPA axis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R1020–R1030, 2008. First published August 6, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90389. 2008. —Previous data have consistently demonstrated an inhibitory effect of androgens on stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses. Several brain regions may influence androgen-mediated inhibition of the HPA axis, including the medial preoptic area. To test the role of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) specifically, we examined in highand low-testosterone-replaced gonadectomized rats bearing discrete bilateral lesions of the MPN basal and stress-induced indexes of HPA function, and the relative levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA in the amygdala. High testosterone replacement decreased plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) Fos responses to restraint exposure in shambut not in MPN-lesioned animals. AVP-, but not CRH-immunoreactivity staining in the external zone of the median eminence was increased by testosterone in sham animals, and MPN lesions blocked this increment in AVP. A similar interaction between MPN lesions and testosterone occurred on AVP mRNA levels in the medial nucleus of the amygdala. These findings support an involvement of MPN projections in mediating the AVP response to testosterone in both the medial parvocellular PVN and medial amygdala. We conclude that the MPN forms part of an integral circuit that mediates the central effects of gonadal status on neuroendocrine and central stress responses.
Adverse Events Following Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccines in Pregnant Women — Taiwan, November 2009–August 2010

Background During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, pregnant women were prioritized to receive the unadjuvanted or MF59®-adjuvanted pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccines (“2009 H1N1 vaccines”) in Taiwan regardless of stage of pregnancy. Monitoring adverse events following 2009 H1N1 vaccination in pregnant women was a priority for the mass immunization campaign beginning November 2009. Methods/Findings We characterized reports to the national passive surveillance from November 2009 through August 2010 involving adverse events following 2009 H1N1 vaccines among pregnant women. Reports from the passive surveillance were matched to a large-linked database on a unique identifier, date of vaccination, and date of diagnosis in a capture-recapture analysis to estimate the true number of spontaneous abortion after 2009 H1N1 vaccination. We verified 16 spontaneous abortions, 11 stillbirths, 4 neonatal deaths, 4 nonpregnancy-specific adverse events, and 2 inadvertent immunizations in recipients who were unaware of pregnancy at time of vaccination. The Chapman capture-recapture estimator of true number of spontaneous abortion after 2009 H1N1 vaccination was 329 (95% confidence interval [CI] 196–553). Of the 14,474 pregnant women who received the 2009 H1N1 vaccines, the estimated risk of spontaneous abortion was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4–3.8) per 100 pregnancies, compared with a local background rate of 12.8 (95% CI, 12.8–12.9) per 100 pregnancies. Conclusions The passive surveillance provided rapid initial assessment of adverse events after 2009 H1N1 vaccination among pregnant women. Its findings were reassuring for the safety of 2009 H1N1 vaccines in pregnancy.
No Direct Effects of Two Transgenic Bt Rice Lines, T1C-19 and T2A-1, on the Arthropod Communities

ABSTRACT A 2-yr field trial was conducted to assess the impacts of two new transgenic Bt rice lines, T1C-19 expressing Cry1C protein and T2A-1 expressing Cry2A protein, on the arthropod community sampled via vacuum. All the arthropods were classified into five guilds, including herbivores, parasitoids, predators, detritivores, and others. The seasonal density and dominance distribution of each guild and community-level indices (species richness, Shannon—Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, and evenness index) were compared among rice types. Principal response curves were used to investigate the differences of entire arthropod community of Bt rice plots relative to non-Bt rice plots. The results showed no significant difference was detected in the community-level indices and dominance distribution of guilds between Bt and non-Bt rice plots. The seasonal density of herbivores, detritivores, and others as well as density of the arthropod overall community were also not significantly affected by rice types in either year, although the density of predators and parasitoids in Bt rice plots was significantly lower than those in non-Bt rice plots. The lower abundances of Braconidae, Eulophidae, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), and Theridiidae in Bt rice plots are likely attributed to the lower abundances of prey species or hosts. Principal response curves revealed that arthropod community in Bt was similar with that in non-Bt rice plots. In conclusion, our findings indicate that these two tested Bt rice lines had no marked negative effects on the arthropod community in the paddy fields.
The Consequences of Non-Cognitive Symptoms of Dementia in Medical Hospital Departments

Objective: To our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the non-cognitive symptoms of patients with dementia such as depression, agitation, or delusions among general hospital inpatients. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of such non-cognitive symptoms among medical inpatients and to analyze their impact on the length of hospital stay and on admission to nursing homes. Method: The sample consisted of 372 elderly inpatients admitted to four internal medical departments (i.e., not including psychiatric wards) in Austria. Patients were investigated by research psychiatrists using the Clinical Interview Schedule. For the analyses of the non-cognitive symptomatology, only marked and severe symptoms were included. To identify predictors for the length of hospital stay and for nursing home placement, multivariate regression procedures were used. Results: Of all inpatients, 27.4% met criteria for dementia according to DSM-III-R. Of those with dementia, 27.8% had marked or severe non-cognitive symptoms. A diagnosis of dementia markedly increased the risk for nursing home referral and prolonged the duration of inpatient treatment. Among the demented, both, cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms turned out to be significant predictors for nursing home placement and for prolonged duration of acute hospital stay, even when controlling for other independent variables. Conclusions: Non-cognitive symptoms occur frequently among medical inpatients with dementia and considerably increase both the duration of inpatient treatment and the risk of nursing home placement. Since such non-cognitive symptoms are treatable, they should receive attention from the hospital staff.
Scan-o-matic: High-Resolution Microbial Phenomics at a Massive Scale

The capacity to map traits over large cohorts of individuals—phenomics—lags far behind the explosive development in genomics. For microbes, the estimation of growth is the key phenotype because of its link to fitness. We introduce an automated microbial phenomics framework that delivers accurate, precise, and highly resolved growth phenotypes at an unprecedented scale. Advancements were achieved through the introduction of transmissive scanning hardware and software technology, frequent acquisition of exact colony population size measurements, extraction of population growth rates from growth curves, and removal of spatial bias by reference-surface normalization. Our prototype arrangement automatically records and analyzes close to 100,000 growth curves in parallel. We demonstrate the power of the approach by extending and nuancing the known salt-defense biology in baker’s yeast. The introduced framework represents a major advance in microbial phenomics by providing high-quality data for extensive cohorts of individuals and generating well-populated and standardized phenomics databases
Small worlds: Institutional isomorphism and Australia’s corporate elite, 1910–2018

The study of corporate elites is crucial for understanding power in society. This article uses prosopography to examine the gender, race, class and social composition of Australia’s top interlocked directors between 1910 and 2018. Applying institutional theory, it analyses the way the consolidation of managerial capitalism influenced the board appointment procedures of large Australian companies. Institutional isomorphisms have increased both the dominance of professionals in company leadership, and the professional standards of board members, meaning those with the necessary education, accreditation, experience and time to dedicate to company directorships came from an increasingly narrow set of life histories. At the same time, the ‘destructuration’ of the elite’s gender norms has increased the appointment of women in recent decades. This highlights the way institutional pressures can simultaneously encourage and stagnate change, and the importance of considering business elites – and the appointment procedures of their companies – holistically.
A Query-Speciﬁc Representation-Based Sampling Strategy for Imbalanced Classiﬁcation

—Data imbalance is a common challenge for many classification tasks where the dataset suffers from disproportionate partitions of samples between classes. Typical techniques for handling class imbalance are either based on algorithmic or data-driven strategies. The algorithmic strategies reduce model bias towards the majority classes by modifying the classification algorithms, and the data-driven strategies revise the datasets in terms of resampling. The current implementations of the data-driven strategy often ignore the correlations between instances but assign a uniform sampled dataset to all queries despite their distinctions. This may eliminate valid instances and retain irrelevant instances during sampling, thereby negatively affecting classification performance. To address this limitation, this paper presents a representation-based sampling (RBS) approach, implemented in a bi-stage hybrid framework, including a training stage to compile the sampling dictionary and a retrieving stage to sample the data with respect to the query. In the first stage, RBS learns the correlations between each object per class via a reconstruction model, and produces a sampling dictionary for each class. In the second stage, for a given query, the sampled data specific to this query in each class are retrieved via the offline sampling dictionary by locating its most related object in each class. Because the number of the sampled data in each class are unified, the classification of the query is guaranteed to be conducted on a class-balance dataset. The systematic experiments uisng image datasets demonstrate that RBS can effectively solve the data imbalance issue in classification and improve the representation of images with correlated features, leading to a better recognition performance.
Navigating uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of 1 future tropical cyclone risk estimates 2

18 Future tropical cyclone risks will evolve depending on climate change and socio-economic development, entailing significant 19 uncertainties. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of future tropical cyclone risks is thus vital for robust decision-making 20 and model improvement. However, the outcomes of such uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are tied to the chosen model setup, 21 warranting caution in interpretation and extrapolation. Our study investigates how four distinct tropical cyclone hazard models 22 and alternate representations of socio-economic development influence future tropical cyclone risk. We find that average tropical 23 cyclone risk will increase 1-5% by 2050 across all models and global study regions. The estimated maximum risk increases by 24 2100, in contrast, ranging from 10-400% depending on the hazard model choice. The dominant
The present strain rate of Quang Nam - Quang Ngai and the surrounding region

Studying the present strain rate is significant in determining the characteristics and origin of geological anomalies in the region. Tectonic strain occurs under the influence of various factors, especially tectonic forces, and only a few cases of deformation occur at speeds observable by humans. This research uses velocity data from GNSS measurements in Quang Nam - Quang Ngai and surrounding regions to assess present tectonic strain. The combination of methods used in this study includes calculating the ITRF Earth-fixed frame to minimize errors, the method of relative velocity calculation to compare the speed variations between station positions, and the deformation calculation method using the QOCA software developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The calculated results show that the coastal areas of the study have relatively low strain rates with the principal strain rate <15 nano-strain/year, the magnitude of deformation is always less than 7.5 nano-strain/year, and the area is conducive to the development of dominant reverse faulting.
Combined doxorubicin and paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer: effective and cardiotoxic.

BACKGROUND Paclitaxel has shown activity in metastatic breast cancer, including anthracycline-resistant breast cancer. The efficacy, toxicity and optimal scheduling of the combination of the two drugs needs to be defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty women with advanced breast cancer who had undergone at most one prior adjuvant chemotherapy regimen, were treated at three different dose levels with doxorubicin (50, 60 and 60 mg/m2) followed 30 minutes later by paclitaxel (155, 175 and 200 mg/m2, respectively) every 3 weeks. RESULTS The overall response rate was 83% (95% CI: 64-94), with 24% of patients achieving CR. The median response duration for complete responders was 11 months (range 4-14+) and median survival 18 months (range 3-28+). Two hundred sixty-five treatment courses were given (median 9, range 3-13) and the median cumulative dose of doxorubicin was 369 mg/m2 (range 114-550). The main toxicities were neutropenia, parestesia, nausea/vomiting, alopecia, myalgia and cardiotoxicity. Fifteen patients (50%) had reductions of left ventricular ejection fraction of below normal levels and 6 of these patients (20%) developed congestive heart failure. CONCLUSION The combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel is highly active, but is accompanied by the dose-limiting toxic effects of neutropenia, neuropathy and cardiotoxicity.
Immunogenicity and Tolerability of a Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Administered at 3, 5 and 12 Months of Age

Background: The recommended vaccination schedule for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) includes 4 immunizations, according to the national programs in the United States and some European countries. Other countries use a national schedule for routine vaccinations in early childhood that includes only 3 doses. Aims: The goals were to assess the immunogenicity and tolerability of PCV with a vaccination schedule that included 3 doses during the first 1 year of life (a 2+1 dose schedule) and to determine the immune responses to concomitantly administered Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine. Methods: A total of 101 healthy Swedish infants were enrolled in an open, nonrandomized, multicenter study. PCV was administered concomitantly with (at separate sites) a diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine and Hib conjugate vaccine combination at 3, 5 and 12 months of age. IgG antibody concentrations for the 7 serotypes included in the PCV and the Hib capsular polysaccharide in serum samples taken at 3, 6, 12 and 13 months were determined with enzyme immunoassays. Local and systemic reactions were monitored for 3 days after each immunization, and serious adverse reactions were monitored for the whole study period. Results: Two doses of PCV induced satisfactory antibody responses, with the exception of serotypes 6B and 23F. The third dose evoked strong responses for all serotypes, which suggests good immunologic priming with the primary series of 2 doses. The mean anti-Hib antibody concentrations were similar to those noted in earlier studies among Swedish children. The PCV was well tolerated. Conclusion: The pneumococcal antibody concentrations at 13 months were comparable with those noted previously with the 4-dose schedule. The results suggest that the implementation of a 2+1 dose schedule for PCV should be considered.
The Effect of Chronic Ethanol Consumption and Withdrawal on μ-Opioid and Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Density in Fawn-Hooded Rat Brain

Previous studies have implicated the dopamine and opioid systems in the induction and maintenance of ethanol consumption. This study investigated, in alcohol-preferring Fawn-Hooded (FH) rats, whether chronic free-choice ethanol consumption and subsequent withdrawal cause alterations in central μ-opioid, dopamine D1, and D2 receptor density using autoradiography. FH rats were given a free choice between a 5% ethanol solution and tap water (n = 25) and displayed a mean ethanol consumption of 5.6 g/kg/day. A parallel group of FH rats (n = 5) only had access to tap water. Rats were then withdrawn from ethanol for 0, 1, 2, 5, or 10 days and killed by cervical dislocation and decapitation. Increases in μ-opioid receptor density were observed in the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area upon withdrawal compared with the ethanol naive group. In the lateral amygdala, binding in all withdrawal groups was significantly different from the ethanol naive FH rats, and also from the chronic ethanol rats. An increase in dopamine D1receptor density was observed in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata in the 5- and 10-day withdrawal groups compared with ethanol naive. Accumbal dopamine D2 receptor density (+25–30%) increased in the 10-day withdrawal group compared with both naive and chronic ethanol groups. These findings demonstrate that the opioid and dopamine systems are susceptible to modulation by chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal in the FH rat. Furthermore, although acute ethanol withdrawal results in modulation of μ-opioid receptors, effects on dopamine receptors are delayed and only become evident 5 to 10 days after withdrawal.
4B The Role of Gender in Fostering Interest in E ntrepreneurship in Indonesia

Gender in entrepreneurship is an important issue. This research aims to determine the role of gender in the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest, which is mediated by entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective entrepreneurial norms. The respondents in this research were 156 active Strata-1 students, 115 female students, and 41 male students. The research method used is quantitative with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The main limitation of this research is that it only examines the role of gender in the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest, which is mediated by entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective entrepreneurial norms. The research findings indicate that gender moderation is more pronounced among females, with females exhibiting a more positive and significant influence on hypotheses five through seven. The results of the hypotheses show that entrepreneurial knowledge does not significantly influence entrepreneurial attitudes. However, the second hypothesis demonstrates a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and subjective norms of entrepreneurship. Additionally, the third hypothesis highlights the positive impact of entrepreneurial attitudes on entrepreneurial interest. Finally, the fourth hypothesis suggests that entrepreneurial subjective norms significantly influence interest in entrepreneurship.