Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DIVERSE BROADBAND LIGHT CURVES OF SWIFT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS REPRODUCED WITH THE CANNONBALL MODEL

Two radiation mechanisms, inverse Compton scattering (ICS) and synchrotron radiation (SR), suffice within the Cannonball (CB) model of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs) to provide a very simple and accurate description of their observed prompt emission and afterglows (AGs). Simple as they are, the two mechanisms and the burst environment generate the rich structure of the light curves at all frequencies and times. This is demonstrated for 33 selected Swift LGRBs and XRFs, which are well sampled from early until late time and faithfully represent the entire diversity of the broadband light curves of Swift LGRBs and XRFs. Their prompt gamma-ray and X-ray emission is dominated by ICS of “glory” light. During their fast decline phase, ICS is taken over by SR, which dominates their broadband AG. The pulse shape and spectral evolution of the gamma-ray peaks and the early-time X-ray flares, and even the delayed optical “humps” in XRFs, are correctly predicted. The “canonical” and noncanonical X-ray light curves and the chromatic behavior of the broadband AGs are well reproduced. In particular, in canonical X-ray light curves, the initial fast decline and rapid softening of the prompt emission, the transition to the plateau phase, the subsequent gradual steepening of the plateau to an asymptotic power-law decay, and the transition from chromatic to achromatic behavior of the light curves agree well with those predicted by the CB model. The Swift early-time data on XRF 060218 are inconsistent with a blackbody emission from a shock breakout through a stellar envelope. Instead, they are well described by ICS of glory light by a jet breaking out from SN2006aj.
Don't Let the Truth Get in the Way of a Good Story: An Illustration of Citation Bias in Epidemiologic Research

The production of scientific knowledge is susceptible to bias at every stage of the process, from what questions are asked by the investigator, to which method is chosen to gather data, to which analyses are conducted (e.g., “P-hacking,” wherein the method of statistical analysis and the degrees of freedom are manipulated until they yield statistically significant results) (1). Even after completion of a study, authors sometimes choose not to submit their work for publication because they are not satisfied with the results (i.e., the “file drawer” problem) (1), or they encounter difficulties with getting results published because of reviewer or editorial bias (“publication bias”) (2–4). Although prepublication biases have been well described in epidemiologic textbooks, postpublication biases, such as selective citation, have been less well documented. “Citation bias” occurs when scientists selectively cite papers based upon risk estimates that conform to their preconceived notions (5). When researchers have a bias in favor of “X causing Y,” they are more likely to cite papers that found evidence to support their view. Conversely, when researchers harbor a bias against a hypothesized association, they may selectively cite papers that report null findings. Here, we use research on job strain and the risk of coronary heart disease to examine factors that influence citations in peer-reviewed literature. In addition to the risk estimate for job strain relative to no job strain in each study, we take into account the impact factor of the publishing journal, which is an indicator of its prestige.
Mammals from the end of the age of dinosaurs in North Dakota and southeastern Montana, with a reappraisal of geographic differentiation among Lancian mammals

An end-Cretaceous nonavian dinosaur extinction and an early Paleocene mammalian radiation is documented primarily in stratigraphic sequences in eastern Montana. To determine how representative these sequences are, we extended investigation of this Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) transition to new areas. Studies in southwestern North Dakota and southeastern Montana provide new records of mammals through the last 1.32-1.68 million years of the Cretaceous and extending into the Paleocene, allowing us to evaluate mammalian faunal differentiation across the geographic landscape of the North American Western Interior in the latest Cretaceous. In North Dakota, mammals occur at 15 horizons in the Hell Creek Formation from ∼80 to 3 m below the Hell Creek-Fort Union formational contact. In southeastern Montana, where the Hell Creek Formation is ∼150 m thick, mammals occur from 85 to 15 m below the formational contact, with well-sampled local faunas at 65 and 61 m. In faunal comparisons, the new study areas are closely similar to contemporaneous local faunas, but differ from those at higher latitudes in several ways. Although mammalian faunas of the northwestern coastal plain of the Western Interior Seaway (i.e., the Hell Creek Formation and its lateral equivalents) show little differentiation, differences that exist are strongly associated with geographic distance rather than latitude per se. The overlying Fort Union Formation in North Dakota and southeastern Montana has produced a few early Paleocene mammalian specimens, promising that future work in the area will contribute to knowledge of mammalian radiation after the K-T boundary.
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Handgrip Strength, Quadriceps Muscle Power, and Optimal Shortening Velocity Roles in Maintaining Functional Abilities in Older Adults Living in a Long- Term Care Home: a 1-year Follow-up Study

hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Purpose: To assess the relative role of handgrip strength (HGS), quadriceps muscle power (P max), and optimal shortening velocity (υ opt) in maintaining functional abilities (FAs) in older adults living in a long-term care home over a 1-year follow-up. Subjects and methods: Forty-one inactive older institutionalized adults aged 69.8±9.0 years participated in this study. HGS, P max , υ opt , cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination, depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale, nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and physical activity (PA) using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire were assessed at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. FAs were assessed with activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, and Timed Up & Go test. and PA. These associations were generally similar in both sexes. As revealed in multiple regression analysis, υ opt was the strongest predictor of FA, followed by P max /kg, PA, and MNA. FA deteriorated after 1 year as measured by ADL and Timed Up & Go test. P max and υ opt , but not HGS, also decreased significantly after 1 year. Nevertheless, 1-year changes in FAs were not related to changes in HGS, P max , υ opt , or PA. Conclusion: The 1-year period of physical inactivity among older institutionalized adults was found to have a negative effect on their FAs, P max , and υ opt. The present study demonstrates that P max and, especially, υ opt correlated with FAs of older adults more than HGS, both at baseline and at follow-up. Despite this, 1-year natural fluctuations of PA, P max , and υ opt are not significant enough to influence FAs in inactive institutionalized older adults.
An Adaptive Bayesian Replacement Policy with Minimal Repair

In this study, an adaptive Bayesian decision model is developed to determine the optimal replacement age for the systems maintained according to a general age-replacement policy. It is assumed that when a failure occurs, it is eithercritical with probabilityp ornoncritical with probability 1 --p, independently. A maintenance policy is considered where the noncritical failures are corrected with minimal repair and the system is replaced either at the first critical failure or at age t, whichever occurs first. The aim is to find the optimal value of t that minimizes the expected cost per unit time. Two adaptive Bayesian procedures that utilize different levels of information are proposed for sequentiallyupdating the optimal replacement times. Posterior density/mass functions of the related variables are derived when the time to failure for the system can be expressed as a Weibull random variable. Some simulation results are also presented for illustration purposes.
Overlapping Community Detection by Online Cluster Aggregation

We present a new online algorithm for detecting overlapping communities. The main ingredients are a modification of an online k-means algorithm and a new approach to modelling overlap in communities. An evaluation on large benchmark graphs shows that the quality of discovered communities compares favorably to several methods in the recent literature, while the running time is significantly improved.
The Chondrogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Cells and Chondrocytes from Osteoarthritic Subjects

Objective: The multipotential nature of stem or progenitor cells apparently makes them the ideal choice for any cell therapy, but this as yet remains to be proven. This study (30 subjects) was designed to compare the potential to repair articular cartilage of chondrocytes taken from different regions in osteoarthritic cartilage with that of mesenchymal stem cells prepared from bone marrow of the same subject. Design: Cartilage biopsies, bone marrow, and blood samples were taken from each of 30 individuals with chronic osteoarthritis (aged 62-85 years) undergoing total knee replacement. The chondrogenic potential of chondrocytes isolated from cartilage biopsies taken from different regions of osteoarthritic cartilage was compared with that of mesenchymal cells by quantitative analysis of several chondrocyte specific markers and an ex vivo cartilage differentiation assay. Results: Cartilage-derived articular chondrocytes are superior to bone marrow–derived cells when compared for their ex vivo chondrogenic potential. Interestingly, there was marked and significant difference in the expression of chondrocytic markers between chondrocytes derived from adjacent, visually distinct regions of the diseased cartilage. When cultured in the presence of a fibroblast growth factor 2 variant, all cell samples from both tissues showed a high degree of chondrogenic potential. Conclusions: Although bone marrow–derived mesenchymal cells, when supplemented with the appropriate chondrogenic factors, are a suitable source for autologous cartilage implantation, adult chondroprogenitor cells, particularly those from moderately affected regions of the osteoarthritic joints, demonstrate superior chondrogenic potential.
Effects of Instigation, Anger, and Emotion Regulation on Intimate Partner Aggression: Examination of “Perfect Storm” Theory

Objective: In the present study, we examined whether intimate partner aggression (IPA) could be predicted by variables corresponding to the I3 model’s “perfect storm” theory (“I-Cubed”; Finkel & Eckhardt, 2013). Accordingly, we investigated whether IPA was predicted by an interaction of three processes: presence of instigatory cues (interpersonal provocation), aggression-impelling traits (dispositional anger), and diminished inhibitory control (poor emotion regulation). Method: Individuals with a history of IPA (N = 180) were randomly assigned to use a specific emotion regulation strategy (cognitive reappraisal, distraction, suppression, or no instruction) while imagining an anger arousing (instigation) or neutral (no instigation) relationship scenario using the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations paradigm. IPA-related behaviors were assessed via participants’ coded aggressive verbalizations during the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situation scenarios and self-reported intention to engage in physical aggression. Results: Results supported the “perfect storm” hypothesis that IPA-related outcomes were higher among participants who endorsed high (vs. low) levels of trait anger, experienced provocation, and engaged in suppression as a weak inhibitory strategy for emotion regulation. Conclusions: The use of a comprehensive theoretical framework such as the I3 model for the assessment of interactive risk factors for IPA will aid determining for whom, and under what circumstances, IPA is most likely to occur, and may further inform clinical intervention and social policy.
On Some Universal Algebras Associated to the Category of Lie Bialgebras

In our previous work (math/0008128), we studied the set Quant(K) of all universal quantization functors of Lie bialgebras over a field K of characteristic zero, compatible with the operations of taking duals and doubles. We showed that Quant(K) is canonically isomorphic to a product G0(K)×ш(K), where G0(K) is a universal group and ш(K) is a quotient set of a set B(K) of families of Lie polynomials by the action of a group G(K). We prove here that G0(K) is equal to the multiplicative group 1+ℏK[[ℏ]]. So Quant(K) is “as close as it can be” to ш(K). We also prove that the only universal derivations of Lie bialgebras are multiples of the composition of the bracket with the cobracket. Finally, we prove that the stabilizer of any element of B(K) is reduced to the 1-parameter subgroup generated by the corresponding “square of the antipode. ”
Efficient Power Aware AODV Routing Protocol in MANET

Mobile ad-hoc networks are mostly referred as MANETs. This type of network is consisted of nodes which are independent, mobile and also able to exchange messages between themselves. These nodes rely on limited battery; a common challenge in MANETs. As soon as a node uses up its battery power, that node becomes a dead node. This node is not able to send or receive data. When all the network nodes have used up their energy, then whole network becomes down. A proposal of an Efficient Power Aware Ad-hoc on-Demand Distance Vector (EPAAODV) protocol is made in this work. This is a modification of the normal functioning of the Ad-hoc on-Demand Distance Vector protocol. This work makes an attempt to increase network lifetime of a MANET. An energy consumption analysis is performed on the proposed work and the existing protocol is performed. Other parameters for example, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput are also analyzed using network simulator (NS2).
Probabilistic Multiknob High-Level Synthesis Design Space Exploration Acceleration

One of the biggest advantages of C-based very large scale integration design over traditional register transfer level is its ability to automatically generate architectures with different area versus performance characteristics without the need of modifying the original behavioral description. Different knobs can be explored to obtain the dominating tradeoff curve (Pareto-front). So far previous works have only focused on exploring one set of knobs or combining all of them together without considering the underlying implications of each of these knobs. This paper presents the first method that accelerates the design space exploration (DSE) by first classifying these knobs and exploring them sequentially, thus reducing the design space to be explored considerably. In particular: 1) local synthesis directives in the form of pragmas inserted directly at the source code and 2) functional units (FUs) number and type. Second, we propose a probabilistic method to further accelerate the DSE by computing the probability of each micro-architecture generated after the pragma exploration stage, to lead to new dominating designs and in turn exploring only those with the highest probabilities. One additional contribution is that the explorer for both knobs are implemented using novel heuristics. The pragma based explorer is based on ant colony optimization, while the FU explorer explores the number and type of FUs in order to further maximize the total amount of resource sharing that can be extracted. Experimental results show that our proposed method finds Pareto-fronts of similar quality than an exploration method optimized for quality of their results, while accelerating the DSE by an average of 12.2×.
Factor D in Prostate Cancer Progression A Potential Oncogenic Activity of Platelet-Derived Growth Updated

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) proteins are potent stimulators of cell proliferation/transformation and play a major role in cell-cell communication. For over two decades, PDGFs were thought to exist as three dimeric polypeptides (the homodimers AA and BB and the heterodimer AB). Recently, however, the PDGF C and D chains were discovered in a BLAST search of the expressed sequence tag databases. The PDGF CC and DD dimers have a unique two-domain structure with an NH2-terminal CUB (compliment subcomponents C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1) domain and a COOH-terminal PDGF/vascular endothelial growth factor domain. Whereas secreted PDGF AA, BB, and AB readily activate their cell surface receptors, it was suggested that extracellular proteolytic removal of the CUB domain is required for the PDGF/vascular endothelial growth factor domain of PDGF CC and DD to activate PDGF receptors. In the present study, we examined the processing of latent PDGF D into its active form and the effects of PDGF D expression on prostate cancer progression. We show that LNCaP cells auto-activate latent PDGF DD into the active PDGF domain, which can induce phosphorylation of the -PDGF receptor and stimulates LNCaP cell proliferation in an autocrine manner. Additionally, LNCaP-PDGF D-conditioned medium induces migration of the prostate fibroblast cell line 1532-FTX, indicating LNCaP-processed PDGF DD is active in a paracrine manner as well. In a severe combined immunodeficient mouse model, PDGF DD expression accelerates early onset of prostate tumor growth and drastically enhances prostate carcinoma cell interaction with surrounding stromal cells. These demonstrate a potential oncogenic activity of PDGF DD in the development and/or progression of prostate cancer.
FROM FUNCTIONAL TO THEMATIC ORGANISATION : KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS AS DRIVERS FOR CHANGE AT THE AUDIT COMMISSION

This paper presents our experiences of a 14 months participatory action research project in the Audit Commission, a major governmental body, responsible for auditing, inspecting and researching public service quality and efficiency throughout the territories of England and Wales. Its workforce, geographically widely dispersed, must operate in strict observance of legal regulations and policy guidelines. Since the introduction of competition into public services, professional practices are compelled to change at accelerating pace in accordance with continuously evolving government policy and law. Under these conditions, the capability for organisation-wide learning, knowledge sharing and good practice transfer had become paramount for fast and effective practice change. The aim of the intervention was to introduce greater collaborative capability through a thematic organisation of the workforce, using knowledge networks, otherwise known as communities of practice, as a driving force. We present the design and execution of the intervention and outline its organisational impact. The design components included an intervention framework for launching business focused knowledge networks, a governance system for linking knowledge networks into the functional structure; a co-operative behaviours framework for knowledge network participants; and a process for evaluating the progress and performance of knowledge networks. The knowledge network initiative has been a tremendous success. Knowledge networking, the evaluation has shown, has increased staff’s operational efficiency and improved service quality. Yet, most importantly, the impetus that the KNs have generated for thematic integration of the workforce, has been taken up at strategic level and resulted in a major restructuring of the Audit Commission around its knowledge domains and integration of the fragmented workforce into the new, ‘one organisation’. This paper makes an important empirical contribution by documenting a real-world example of effecting structural change through the community of practice concept.
Visual enhancements in pick-and-place tasks: Human operators controlling a simulated cylindrical manipulator

A visual display system serves as an important man-machine interface for efficient teleoperations. However, careful consideration is necessary to display three-dimensional information on a two-dimensional screen effectively. A teleoperation simulator is constructed with a vector display system, joysticks, and a simulated cylindrical manipulator to evaluate various display conditions quantitatively. Pick-and-place tasks are performed, and mean completion times are used as a performance measure. Two experiments are performed. First, effects of variation of perspective parameters on human operator's pick-and-place performance with monoscopic perspective display are investigated. Then visual enhancements of monoscopic perspective display by adding a grid and reference lines are investigated and compared with visual enhancements of stereoscopic display. The results indicate that stereoscopic display does generally permit superior pick-and-place performance, while monoscopic display can allow equivalent performance when it is defined with appropriate perspective parameter values and provided with adequate visual enhancements. Mean completion time results of pick-and-place experiments for various display conditions shown are observed to be quite similar to the normalized rms error results of mannal tracking experiments reported previously.
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in Children and Young Adults: A Single Institution Retrospective Review

Background. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an aggressive, uncommon histologic entity arising in bone and soft tissues. We reviewed our institutional experience with this rare diagnosis. Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma over a 24-year period. Clinicopathologic and radiographic features were reviewed. Results. Twelve patients were identified. Nine were females; median age was 14.5 years (1.2–19.7 years). The most common site was the head/neck (7/12). Disease was localized in 11/12 patients (one with lung nodules). Six with available tissue demonstrated NCOA2 rearrangement by FISH. Six underwent upfront surgical resection, and six received neoadjuvant therapy (2 chemotherapy alone and 4 chemotherapy and radiation). All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (most commonly ifosfamide/doxorubicin) and/or radiation (median dose 59.4 Gy). At a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 68.2% (95% CI 39.8%, 96.6%) and 88.9% (95% CI 66.9%, 100%). Two patients had distant recurrences at 15 and 42 months, respectively. Conclusion. Aggressive surgical resection of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with chemoradiotherapy yields excellent local control and may reduce likelihood of late recurrence. Characterization of downstream targets of the HEY1-NCOA2 fusion protein, xenograft models, and drug screening are needed to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Inherent topicality and object foregrounding in Early Modern English *

This paper examines Early Modern English (EModE) passive constructions, specifically the factors that render a non-agent NP inherently topical (ie human and animacy features, semantic role and degree of definiteness). The aim of this study is to ascertain whether these factors determine, as in Present-day English (PE), the eligibility of non-agent NPs to become topics via passivisation in this period. Statistical data drawn from the Helsinki Corpus show that, in contrast with PE, only the degree of definiteness of non-agent NPs conditions the use of the passive as an object foregrounding device in EModE. Passive constructions in this period, therefore, run counter to the PE cross-linguistic tendency, reflected in the animacy and semantic hierarchies, to topicalise human, animate, benefactive NPs over non-human, non-animate, patient NPs.