Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eustachian valve endocarditis: Rare case reports and review of literature

Eustachian valve endocarditis (EVE) is a distinctly rare and underdiagnosed entity. We report 2 new cases caused by vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis diagnosed on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Although, 63% of Eustachian valve endocarditis is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, we report the first case of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and first case related to implantable venous access systems. EVE is now seen more commonly in elderly population with diverse microbial cultures and antibiotic sensitivities. TTE is the first modality for investigation of EVE, however a negative TTE does not preclude the diagnosis, as only 88% of cases were diagnosed on TEE.
Changing Attitudes about Teaching Students with Handicaps

This study was conducted to determine the influence of two physical education courses on undergraduate physical educators’ attitudes toward teaching students labeled educable mentally retarded, behavioral disordered, and learning disabled. The two courses, Adapted Physical Education and Physical Education for Children, included 77 and 97 students, respectively. Four strategies for attitudinal change (information, contact, persuasion, and vicarious experience) were emphasized in the former course. Participants in both courses completed the Physical Educators’ Attitude Toward Teaching the Handicapped Questionnaire (PEATH–II) during the first and last days of a 16-week semester. The data were analyzed using a split-plot hierarchical ANOVA design with two between-subjects factors, course type and teacher (nested under course type), and two within-subjects factors, time (pretest and posttest) and handicapping label. Results indicated that attitudes toward teaching students with handicaps improved significantly.
THE INFLUENCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON THE INFECTIVITY OF AIR-BORNE INFLUENZA A VIRUS (PR8 STRAIN)

White mice were exposed to atmospheres containing known amounts of atomized influenza A virus (PR8 strain) of constant potency under conditions of varying humidity. It was found that an amount of atomized virus suspension which produced a 100 per cent mortality rate in animals exposed at 30 and 80 per cent relative humidity, respectively, resulted in the death of only 22.5 per cent of mice at a humidity of 50 per cent. The humidities between these values gave intermediate results. The infectivity of the air-borne virus decreased so rapidly at a humidity of 50 per cent that it was impossible to secure a 100 per cent mortality rate in the exposed mice even by greatly increasing the dose of virus atomized. The use of a dialyzed virus suspension at a humidity of 50 per cent resulted in the death of all exposed mice. This suggested that the deleterious influence of humidity was related to the presence of sodium chloride in the atomized suspension. These findings with influenza virus closely resembled those obtained by Dunklin and Puck with pneumococci, streptococci, and staphylococci which would suggest that the factor responsible for the lethal effect of humidity is common to moist particles containing either the above-mentioned bacteria or influenza A virus.
Exploring evolutionary economic geographies

Evolutionary approaches in economics have gathered increasing support over the last 25 years. Despite an impressive body of literature, economists are still far from formulating a coherent research paradigm. The multitude of approaches in evolutionary economics poses problems for the development of an evolutionary economic geography. For the most part, evolutionary economic geography imports selective concepts from evolutionary biology and economics and applies those concepts to specific problems within economic geography. We discuss a number of problems with this approach and suggest that a more powerful and appealing alternative requires the development of theoretically consistent models of evolutionary processes. This paper outlines the contours of an evolutionary model of economic dynamics where economic agents are located in different geographical spaces. We seek to show how competition between those agents, based on the core evolutionary principles of variety, selection and retention, may produce distinct economic regions sharing properties that differentiate them from competitors elsewhere. These arguments are extended to illustrate how the emergent properties of economic agents and places co-evolve and lead to different trajectories of economic development over space.
The Chemical Evolution of Starburst Nucleus Galaxies

The metallicities derived from spectroscopic observations of a sample of starburst nucleus galaxies (SBNGs) are compared with those of several other types of galaxies (normal giant, irregular, and H II galaxies) drawn from the literature. The SBNGs are deficient in metals with respect to normal galaxies of same morphological type, suggesting that SBNGs are galaxies still in the process of formation. Breaking the SBNGs into early types (Sb and earlier) and late types reveals that the former seem to follow the same linear luminosity-metallicity relation as the irregular and elliptical galaxies, whereas the latter and the giant spirals show comparable (0.2 and 0.3 dex) excess abundances with respect to the linear relation. This difference between the two types of SBNGs is consistent with the predictions of the model of hierarchical formation of galaxies: the early-type SBNGs are building their bulges by successive mergers of small stellar and gaseous systems, while the late-type SBNGs are mostly accreting gas to form a disk.
Depression, Cognition, and Self-Appraisal of Functional Abilities in HIV: An Examination of Subjective Appraisal Versus Objective Performance

Depression frequently co-occurs with HIV infection and can result in self-reported overestimates of cognitive deficits. Conversely, genuine cognitive dysfunction can lead to an under-appreciation of cognitive deficits. The degree to which depression and cognition influence self-report of capacity for instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) requires further investigation. This study examined the effects of depression and cognitive deficits on self-appraisal of functional competence among 107 HIV-infected adults. As hypothesized, higher levels of depression were found among those who over-reported problems in medication management, driving, and cognition when compared to those who under-reported or provided accurate self-assessments. In contrast, genuine cognitive dysfunction was predictive of under-reporting of functional deficits. Together, these results suggest that over-reliance on self-reported functional status poses risk for error when diagnoses require documentation of both cognitive impairment and associated functional disability in everyday life.
Research on Interpersonal Problem-Solving Training

This review assessed the efficacy of interpersonal problem-solving training in educational settings with children and youth with learning and behavior problems. Only studies with a clear metacognitive component were included. For each of the nine studies meeting selection criteria, descriptive summaries of the training were given. Findings indicate that although researchers were successful in demonstrating cognitive gains as a result of interpersonal problem-solving training, they were much less successful in demonstrating that cognitive gains were (a) subsequently applied to actual behavior or (b) generalized to other social behavior. Such findings call into question the basic premise of this literature—that interpersonal problem-solving training mediates social behavior and generalizes to other behaviors and settings. Based on the literature to date, recommendations for researchers and practitioners are offered.
Cross-Informant Agreement in Reports of Environmental Behavior and the Effect of Cross-Questioning on Report Accuracy

Two hundred students and their spouses participated in a survey. Accuracy of the spouses’self-reports of environmental behavior was examined by comparing them with the students’ reports of the spouses’ behavior. These two sources of report were moderately correlated (rs = .44 to .45). Moreover, self-reports could be higher or lower than other-reports, depending on the type of environmental behavior measured. Half of all participants were also cross-questioned about the details of their self-reports. Compared with those who were not cross-questioned, the former gave lower (less socially desirable) ratings for their own behavior. Put together, the present study found no strong evidence of accuracy or inaccuracy of self-reports but suggests that cross-questioning can make people more cautious in their answers. Gender differences in environmental behavior were also found and discussed.
The Contextual Antecedents of Organizational Trust: A Multidimensional Cross-level Analysis

In this article we seek to explore the contextual antecedents of organizational trust. In light of the complex links between organizational contexts and organizational behaviours, we focus on the effects of the three most critical contextual antecedents, i.e., leadership role, structural rule, and cultural norm at the organizational level, on organizational trust direcdy, and their behavioural outcomes at the individual level indirectly, using organizational trust as a cross-level mediator. The empirical results, based on a hierarchical linear model with a sample of 444 employees from 82 firms in China, lent support for our multidimensional cross-level model of context–trust–behaviour link. We extend the research on organizational trust by treating it as a cross-level phenomenon and by specifying its core contextual antecedents and behavioural consequences.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE PERCEIVED HEALTH BENEFITS OF A THERAPEUTIC RIDING PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Therapeutic horseback riding can be recommended as a useful health promotion intervention for individuals with disabilities who face challenges to optimal health and wellness. This qualitative study examined the perceived benefits of a therapeutic riding program for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with particular focus on aspects that can potentially help maximize the physical, emotional, and social health of this population. This study utilized multiple methods to gain an …
Listening To Music As A Re-Creative Process: Physiological, Psychological, And Psychoacoustical Correlates Of Chills And Strong Emotions

FEELINGS I N R ESPONSE TO music are often accompanied by measurable bodily reactions such as goose bumps or shivers down the spine, commonly called "chills. " In order to investigate distinct acoustical and musical structural elements related to chill reactions, reported chill reactions and bodily reactions were measured continuously. Chill reactions did not show a simple stimulus-response pattern or depend on person- ality traits, such as low sensation seeking and high reward dependence. Musical preferences and listening situations also played a role in chill reactions. Participants seemed to react to musical patterns, not to mere acoustical triggers. The entry of a voice and changes in volume were shown to be the most reactive patterns. These results were also confirmed by a retest experiment.
Validation of the Persian Cultural Intelligence Scale and Exploring its relationship with Gender, Education, Travelling abroad and Place of Living

This study explored the validity of Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and its relationship with gender, education, travelling abroad and place of living in Iran. The Persian version of CQS was administered to 854 undergraduate and graduate students majoring in five broad branches of knowledge in three different state universities in Iran. When the Principal Axis Factoring was employed and the latent variables were rotated via Varimax with Kaiser Normalization, four factors were extracted whose number was the same as other studies but differed in their order, i.e., Cognitive, Motivational, Behavioral, and Meta-cognitive. While the students coming from underprivileged cities had significantly higher total cultural intelligence (CQ) as well as Cognitive, Motivational, Behavioral, and Meta-cognitive CQs, female participantsâ€™ Meta-cognitive CQ was higher than the male. Whereas graduate participants showed significantly higher Cognitive and Behavioral CQs, the participants who had not traveled abroad surpassed their travelling counterparts not only in total CQ but also in Cognitive, Motivational, Behavioral, and Meta- cognitive CQs. These findings suggest the role of cultural intelligence in learning and developing mega skills such as understanding cultural identity and checking cultural lenses and emphasize its state-like nature.
Shame and Guilt, Misconceptions and Controversies: A Critical Review of the Literature

The literature on shame and guilt is very heterogeneous. Researchers and theorists in the field have used a number of definitions, approaches, and measurement methods, rendering futile any attempt at a comparative analysis. The article reviews the relevant literature and summarizes the different approaches to shame and guilt while highlighting relevant conceptual issues. The literature review is followed by a thorough delineation of the two constructs. Affective, cognitive, and phenomenological definitions are discussed for a fuller understanding of the phenomena. The cognitive attributional theory is discussed and is also used to explain the process of elicitation. The delineation of shame and guilt is followed by a comprehensive discussion of parsimony. In addition to drawing attention to the current multiplicity of definitions in the literature, the article intends to serve as a more unified framework for future studies of shame and guilt.
Investigating the Multiple Hit hypothesis of Parkinson disease using transgenic LRRK2-R1441G rats

The ‘multiple hit’ hypothesis of Parkinson disease (PD) suggests that the combination of several risk factors leads to the development of PD. Here, we explore the interaction between two potential causes of PD; a genetic mutation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene and exposure to the neurotoxin, Paraquat. This project characterizes transgenic BAC rats expressing human LRRK2 bearing the familial PD mutation, R1441G. These rats were tested for PD-related deficits at 3, 6, 9 & 12 months. These rats were then exposed to intraperitoneal injections of Paraquat. We hypothesized that LRRK2 R1441G rats will show increased vulnerability to Paraquat compared to wildtype controls. Our results showed that LRRK2 R1441G rats are not significantly different from wildtype rats by the 12 month stage, suggesting that this mutation alone is insufficient to manifest PD-like features in rats. In addition LRRK2 R1441G rats failed to show increased vulnerability to Paraquat administration.
Disputant Reactions to Managerial Conflict Resolution Tactics

This study examined disputants’preferences for supervisory conflict resolution tactics. We identified three research needs. Previous work has (a) been mostly from the manager’s (and not the subordinate’s) perspective, (b) examined only a limited set of possible intervention tactics, and (c) tended to be confined to North American samples. In this role-playing study, we addressed these three needs by examining disputant reactions to five different conflict resolution tactics. In addition, we included participants from Argentina, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and the United States. The results provide evidence pertaining to the efficacy of some tactics and the problems of others. In particular, managers seem to engender the most positive responses when they act either as impartial facilitators or as inquisitorial judges.
The Production of Cognitive Achievement in Children: Home, School, and Racial Test Score Gaps

This paper studies the determinants of children’s scores on tests of cognitive achievement in math and reading. Using rich longitudinal data on test scores, home environments, and schools, we implement alternative specifications for the cognitive achievement production function that allow achievement to depend on the entire history of lagged home and school inputs as well as on parents’ ability and unobserved endowments. We use cross‐validation methods to select among competing specifications and find support for a variant of a value‐added model of the production function augmented to include information on lagged inputs. Using this specification, we study the sources of test score gaps between black, white, and Hispanic children. The estimated model captures key patterns in the data, such as the widening of minority‐white test score gaps with age and differences in the gap pattern between Hispanics and blacks. We find that differences in mother’s “ability,” as measured by AFQT, account for about half of the test score gap. Home inputs also account for a significant proportion. Equalizing home inputs at the average levels of white children would close the black‐white and the Hispanic‐white test score gaps in math and reading by about 10–20 percent.
Job Satisfaction Among Psychiatrists: An Urgent Area For Research

In most cases job satisfaction serves as a protective factor against burnout and the negative consequences of stress at work. Psychiatrists are reported to experience high prevalence of burnout yet their ability to enjoy work and derive satisfaction from it appears not to be impaired. This paper examines this anomaly and the factors that may affect job satisfaction. The consequences of job satisfaction on variables such as staff retention is examined and a comparative account of various rating scales for job satisfaction is presented.
The effects of first- and second-language proficiency on conflict resolution and goal maintenance in bilinguals: Evidence from reaction time distributional analyses in a Stroop task*

By administering a Stroop task to college-student bilinguals varied in self-rated first- (L1) and second-language (L2) proficiency, the current study examined the effects of L1 and L2 proficiencies on selective attention performance. We conducted ex-Gaussian analyses to capture the modal and positive-tail components of participants' reaction time distributions. Both L1 and L2 proficiencies were associated with a shift of reaction time distributions in incongruent trials, relative to congruent trials, and the tail size of reaction time distributions regardless of trial types. This suggests that bilinguals' L1 and L2 proficiencies could affect their Stroop performance via modulating their conflict resolution and goal maintenance abilities.
Maternal perceptions of their infants: Do perceptions predict maternal motivation to nurture?

Forty-five mothers of infants two to five months of age were asked about their perceptions of their infants. The possible link between those maternal perceptions and the mothers’ motivation to engage in the nurturing tasks that infant care requires was explored. Also examined was the possible association between maternal perceptions and the extent to which the mothers were bothered by their infants’ care-challenging behaviors of crying, feeding, sleep patterns, vomiting, and elimination. The independent variable, maternal perception, was measured by (a) the Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI, Broussard & Hartner, 1970); and (b) mothers’ sense of their infants as revealed by the reflective (Slade, 2005), experience-connected (Bucci, 1997, pp. 173-94), and infantinspired expressions in their responses to a semi-structured interview. The semistructured interview was composed of questions that asked the mothers about their infants’ appearance, sound and cry, signaling, and temperament. Dependent variables, maternal motivation and maternal degree of bother, were measured by a self-report, motivation-to-nurture inventory based on intrinsic motivation constructs (Deci & Ryan, 1985); and by the Degree of Bother Inventory (DBI, Broussard & Hartner, 1971). It was hypothesized that maternal perception would predict degree of maternal motivation to nurture and the extent to which a mother is bothered by care-challenging infant behaviors. Results of the regression analyses were inconclusive due to self-report and narrative measurement limitations. However, the DBI and the Maternal Motivation Inventory (MTN) were significantly correlated and may be measuring similar constructs.
Brain Regions Associated to a Kinesthetic Illusion Evoked by Watching a Video of One's Own Moving Hand

It is well known that kinesthetic illusions can be induced by stimulation of several sensory systems (proprioception, touch, vision…). In this study we investigated the cerebral network underlying a kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans. Participants were instructed to keep their hand still while watching the video of their own moving hand (Self Hand) or that of someone else's moving hand (Other Hand). In the Self Hand condition they experienced an illusory sensation that their hand was moving whereas the Other Hand condition did not induce any kinesthetic illusion. The contrast between the Self Hand and Other Hand conditions showed significant activation in the left dorsal and ventral premotor cortices, in the left Superior and Inferior Parietal lobules, at the right Occipito-Temporal junction as well as in bilateral Insula and Putamen. Most strikingly, there was no activation in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, whilst previous studies have reported significant activation in these regions for vibration-induced kinesthetic illusions. To our knowledge, this is the first study that indicates that humans can experience kinesthetic perception without activation in the primary motor and somatosensory areas. We conclude that under some conditions watching a video of one's own moving hand could lead to activation of a network that is usually involved in processing copies of efference, thus leading to the illusory perception that the real hand is indeed moving.
Treatment of Obsessive Thoughts and Cognitive Rituals Using Exposure and Response Prevention

This case study describes the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy by exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) to a young man with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involving primarily obsessional thoughts and mental rituals. Although patients with primarily cognitive OCD symptoms have been previously considered treatment resistant, novel approaches to EX/RP have been developed and validated. Successful treatment of such symptoms requires a thorough and informed assessment. The theoretical and empirical basis for these procedures is described, along with a cognitive-behavioral analysis of the problem. The course of treatment, use of assessment data, and recommendations to clinicians are also discussed.