Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms for Sweet-suppressing Effect of Gymnemic Acids*

Background: Gymnemic acids inhibit sweet taste responses in humans. Results: Gymnemic acids and glucuronic acid inhibited human sweet receptor T1R2 + T1R3. Conclusion: Interaction between transmembrane domains of human T1R3 and the glucuronosyl group of gymnemic acids is mainly required for the sweet-suppressing effect. Significance: Our model may provide further insights into drug design to modify sensitivity of sweet receptor. Gymnemic acids are triterpene glycosides that selectively suppress taste responses to various sweet substances in humans but not in mice. This sweet-suppressing effect of gymnemic acids is diminished by rinsing the tongue with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the sweet-suppressing effect of gymnemic acids and the interaction between gymnemic acids versus sweet taste receptor and/or γ-CD. To investigate whether gymnemic acids directly interact with human (h) sweet receptor hT1R2 + hT1R3, we used the sweet receptor T1R2 + T1R3 assay in transiently transfected HEK293 cells. Similar to previous studies in humans and mice, gymnemic acids (100 μg/ml) inhibited the [Ca2+]i responses to sweet compounds in HEK293 cells heterologously expressing hT1R2 + hT1R3 but not in those expressing the mouse (m) sweet receptor mT1R2 + mT1R3. The effect of gymnemic acids rapidly disappeared after rinsing the HEK293 cells with γ-CD. Using mixed species pairings of human and mouse sweet receptor subunits and chimeras, we determined that the transmembrane domain of hT1R3 was mainly required for the sweet-suppressing effect of gymnemic acids. Directed mutagenesis in the transmembrane domain of hT1R3 revealed that the interaction site for gymnemic acids shared the amino acid residues that determined the sensitivity to another sweet antagonist, lactisole. Glucuronic acid, which is the common structure of gymnemic acids, also reduced sensitivity to sweet compounds. In our models, gymnemic acids were predicted to dock to a binding pocket within the transmembrane domain of hT1R3.
Developing and Testing a Visual Hash Scheme

Users find comparing long meaningless strings of alphanumeric characters difficult, yet they have to carry out this task when comparing cryptographic hash values for https certificates and PGP keys, or in the context of electronic voting. Visual hashes - where users compare images rather than strings - have been proposed as an alternative. With the visual hashes available in literature, however, people are unable to sufficiently distinguish more than 30 bits. Obviously, this does not provide adequate security against collision attacks. Our goal is to improve the situation: a visual hash scheme was developed, evaluated through pilot user studies and improved iteratively, leading to CLPS, which encodes 60 distinguishable bits using Colours, Patterns and Shapes. In the final user study, participants attained an average accuracy rate of 97% when comparing two visual hash images, with one placed above the other. CLPS was further tested in two follow-up studies, simulating https certificate validation and verifying in remote electronic voting. The results of this work and their implications for practical applications of visual hash schemes are discussed.
Relationship of Image Schemata with Personality Variables Based on Bodily Communication

The form of the words and concepts in mind is the subject of this paper. So, bodily communication has been used to show it in the mind of people with individual differences. 200 students participated in the first phase of the study, while 95 of them participated in the second phase of it. In the first phase, a set of tests was given successively to determine the levels of certain personality variables. In the experimental setting, the participants were instructed to communicate certain words one by one nonverbally. The image schemata used by them and then the association between using different schemata and psychological variables were investigated. The results showed that the association between them is significant in some words. This significance was seen more in more stable and innate psychological characteristics.
Representação social da educação ambiental e da educação em saúde em universitários

The growing globalization has been promoting economic, political and cultural modifications in several sections of the human activity. Such interdependence has been favoring the discussion of themes of global interest, as the environmental and health education. The present study aimed to investigate the social representations of the environmental education and of the health education in 204 college students of the city of Rio de Janeiro, 106 men and 98 women, with an average age of 26,9 year-old. The participants filled a questionnaire with questions on personal conceptions concerning environmental education and health education. Content analysis revealed three categories concerning environmental education (utilitarian anthropocentric conception, agreed-with anthropocentric conception and ecocentric conception) and four categories concerning health education (health as absence of disease, emphasis on body's health, health as body-mind balance and ecocentric conception of health). The conclusions suggest that environment and health are still understood as independent themes, hindering more efficient actions on the part of the population and of governmental and no governmental entities.
A Randomized Controlled Trial

METHODS: A total of 469 primiparous women who attended the antenatal clinics of two geographically distributed public hospitals in Hong Kong were randomized to receive either standard antenatal care or a one-toone antenatal breastfeeding support and education session. The primary outcome was the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months postpartum as well as the overall duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding across the first 6 months postpartum.
Child Protection Teaching: Students' Experiences of a Blended Learning Design

This paper explores lessons learnt whilst designing a three‐day blended learning approach in child protection processes for second‐year postgraduate social work students. This article describes the rationale and processes behind the development of a teaching and learning design that utilised web‐based activities with face‐to‐face teaching and role‐play sessions. The purpose underlying the design is to prepare students with the appropriate knowledge of legislation and policies as well as providing learning opportunities to gain the skills required to operate as critically reflective practitioners in the complex world of child protection. A social constructivist theoretical perspective governing the teaching design is outlined with the student evaluation of their learning experiences. This paper concludes that e‐learning is something that can complement traditional modes of learning rather than replace them.
Fly-in/Fly-out and Fly-over: Mining and regional development in Western Australia

Adoption of fly-in/fly-out (FIFO) or commute work systems in the Western Australian mining industry has increased rapidly over the last decade, with metropolitan Perth becoming the main source of labour and the base for major mining supply and service companies in the state. This situation has led to increasing concern on the part of many regional authorities about the loss of local benefits through 'fly-over' effects, and implications for regional development in their smaller resource-based communities. To date, the state government has paid little attention to these issues, but, at the same time, the regions have done relatively little to help themselves. The paper explores the reasons for the growth of this work system, the nature of the regions' concerns, the measures taken to address them, and options for future action.
A prediction classifier architecture to forecast device status on smart environments

In smart environments, the extraction of relevant information in large volumes of data collected from intelligent devices is a crucial issue. The extracted information can assist in automation of user activities and on daily chores, either suggesting or even changing the state of devices based on his/her routine. In this work, we propose a prediction architecture which combines an innovative preprocessing strategy with some well known classification algorithms for the environment automation. The preprocessing enhances the datasets by including features and organizing them in structures that improve the classification results. We verify which preprocessing parameters have significant impact on prediction performance using datasets collected from a real home equipped with sensors. In simulations, the avNNet, mlp and C5.0 classifiers attained the higher accuracies using Friedman and Nemenyi statistical tests, but none of them outperformed the others in all scenarios using this architecture.
Memory for Urban Geography

Consistent patterns of errors are found in estimations of distances and angles along urban routes, even among subjects who know the areas well. These patterns can be used to discover the organization of the knowledge we use to find our way around in everyday life. In the first experiment, 80 undergraduates estimated by ratio scaling the walking distances between pairs of locations in St. Andrews. Routes varied independently in their location, number of major bends, and length. Relative overestimation of length was found with routes in the town centre, with routes having several major bends, and (perhaps as an experimental artifact) with short routes. In the second experiment, 30 Cambridge residents estimated the angles between pairs of roads, by drawing the configuration of roads at their junctions. The real angles were either in the range 60–70° or 110–120°. All the estimates differed little from 90°, regardless of the true magnitude of the angle. The implications of these findings for theories of mental representation of largescale space are discussed. A model is supported in which a spatial area is represented as a “network-map”, consisting of strings of locations forming a net of paths known to be traversable, but vector distance is not preserved.
Canine Adenovirus Type 2 Vector Generation via I-Sce1-Mediated Intracellular Genome Release

When canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2, or also commonly referred to as CAV-2) vectors are injected into the brain parenchyma they preferentially transduce neurons, are capable of efficient axonal transport to afferent regions, and allow transgene expression for at last >1 yr. Yet, translating these data into a user-friendly vector platform has been limited because CAV-2 vector generation is challenging. Generation of E1-deleted adenovirus vectors often requires transfection of linear DNA fragments of >30 kb containing the vector genome into an E1-transcomplementing cell line. In contrast to human adenovirus type 5 vector generation, CAV-2 vector generation is less efficient due, in part, to a reduced ability to initiate replication and poor transfectibility of canine cells with large, linear DNA fragments. To improve CAV-2 vector generation, we generated an E1-transcomplementing cell line expressing the estrogen receptor (ER) fused to I-SceI, a yeast meganuclease, and plasmids containing the I-SceI recognition sites flanking the CAV-2 vector genome. Using transfection of supercoiled plasmid and intracellular genome release via 4-OH-tamoxifen-induced nuclear translocation of I-SceI, we improved CAV-2 vector titers 1,000 fold, and in turn increased the efficacy of CAV-2 vector generation.
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Past, present and future

In 1895 Freud presented his paper 'Project for a Scientific Psychology', an ambitious attempt to construct a neuro-psychological theory of mind. His abandonment of the project and his discovery of psychoanalysis led to major discoveries about unconscious mental processes, psychic determinism, infantile sexuality and remarkable insights into our internal worlds which are a framework for understanding various aspects of human behaviour. These discoveries have profoundly affected our culture and have led to psychoanalytic treatments being available in the NHS in modified form. Freud's' work was found to be radical and disturbing, resulting in hostility and resistance which is still with us today over a century later. Resistance to the pursuit of knowledge about the self remains ubiquitous. Over the last century new areas of knowledge have developed leading to an array of new clinical treatments from medication to a range of psychological and psychotherapeutic treatments. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy has to make its case in a crowded and rivalrous therapeutic domain.
Reduced Number of Transitional and Naive B Cells in Addition to Decreased BAFF Levels in Response to the T Cell Independent Immunogen Pneumovax®23

Protective immunity against T cell independent (TI) antigens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae is characterized by antibody production of B cells induced by the combined activation of T cell independent type 1 and type 2 antigens in the absence of direct T cell help. In mice, the main players in TI immune responses have been well defined as marginal zone (MZ) B cells and B-1 cells. However, the existence of human equivalents to these B cell subsets and the nature of the human B cell compartment involved in the immune reaction remain elusive. We therefore analyzed the effect of a TI antigen on the B cell compartment through immunization of healthy individuals with the pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS)-based vaccine Pneumovax®23, and subsequent characterization of B cell subpopulations. Our data demonstrates a transient decrease of transitional and naïve B cells, with a concomitant increase of IgA+ but not IgM+ or IgG+ memory B cells and a predominant generation of PnPS-specific IgA+ producing plasma cells. No alterations could be detected in T cells, or proposed human B-1 and MZ B cell equivalents. Consistent with the idea of a TI immune response, antigen-specific memory responses could not be observed. Finally, BAFF, which is supposed to drive class switching to IgA, was unexpectedly found to be decreased in serum in response to Pneumovax®23. Our results demonstrate that a characteristic TI response induced by Pneumovax®23 is associated with distinct phenotypical and functional changes within the B cell compartment. Those modulations occur in the absence of any modulations of T cells and without the development of a specific memory response.
Consumers' accounts of perceived risk online and the influence of communication sources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend marketing knowledge into perceived risk in online transactions beyond the current positivistic, hypotheses‐driven research by providing qualitative insights into how individuals construct their accounts of perceived risk online. Additionally, the study reported in this paper aims to explore how communication sources influence both these subjective constructions and individuals' behavioural experiences with transaction activity on the web.Design/methodology/approach – The study was developed within a grounded theory method. Ten in‐depth interviews were conducted which were analysed using constant comparison of incidents procedures to provide rich descriptions of the interviewees' subjective perceptions and lived experiences with online transaction activity.Findings – The findings provide insights into how the human element is present in individuals' perceptions and constructions of their accounts of the risk involved online. The findings also identify the in.
EFL Learners’ Beliefs about and Strategy Use of Translation in English Learning

Although the use of translation in learning a foreign language is much maligned by language teachers, translation is widely used in learners’ foreign language learning process. It appears that learners often use translation as a learning strategy to comprehend, remember, and produce a foreign language. However, relatively little research attention so far seems to have been devoted to a consideration of the use of translation in language learning. Thus, this study aims to explore the role of translation in Taiwanese college students’ English learning, particularly in terms of their learning beliefs and learning strategies about using translation to learn English. The data from survey questionnaires and qualitative interviews will address the following research questions: (1) What are students’ beliefs about using translation to learn English? (2) What learning strategies employing translation do students report using? (3) What are the relationships among learners’ beliefs about and use of translation? (4) To what extent do learners’ background variables relate to their beliefs about and use of translation? Pedagogical implications are also discussed. The results of the study hope to sensitize EFL teachers to various learning strategies involving translation and to the possible benefits of using translation for English learning reported by the students.
Open Versus Closed Forms of Knowledge Assessment in a Blended Learning Ecosystem

Open Versus Closed Forms of Knowledge Assessment in a Blended Learning Ecosystem The article investigates whether two opposite assessment methods, open wiki (online text-and-media collaboration) and closed multiple-choice test, can together assure a balanced addressing of the learner both as an information processor and a social entity. Comparing students' experience and satisfaction with collective knowledge construction in a moderated wiki on the one hand and knowledge testing in an online multiple choice test on the other hand, the research differentiates full-time and part-time students of a blended course. This is presented upon broader data on comparable students' populations who were assessed with open-ended oral exam questions, regular homework tasks and seminar work papers. An updated notion of media ecology conceives knowledge testing and instructional feedback as parts of an informational ecosystem: only a coherent yet internally differentiated learning environment can accurately define significant educational trends and recommendations - such that question assessment methods and signpost the development of education towards sustainability.
OntoBayes: An Ontology-Driven Uncertainty Model

This paper describes an ontology-driven model, which integrates Bayesian networks (BN) into the Ontology Web Language (OWL) to preserve the advantages of both. This model makes use of probability and dependency-annotated OWL to represent uncertain information in BN structures. These extensions enhance knowledge representation in OWL and enable agents to act under uncertainty and complex structured open environments at the same time. This paper presents the underlying principles and scratches the surface of the decision theoretic agent system design based on "OntoBayes"
Oppositional Discourse in Israeli Media: Reflections of Multiple Cultural Identities in Coverage of the Rabin-Arafat Handshake

Israeli media coverage of a well-known event, the 1993 handshake between Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat, provides a glimpse into the nature of competing collective identities held by Israelis. The potential for multiple interpretations (and therefore multiple perspectives) of the largely nonverbal event allows for these identities to be presented and, in many cases, contrasted. To assess competing identities in the mediated discourse, we reviewed 191 articles/transcripts in the Hebrew-language Israeli media that had been translated into English and in the English-language Israeli media. These texts provided an array of what we argue are dialectics or oppositional forces present in the discussions. Most notable of these dialectics were those that characterized the handshake and the accompanying negotiations as inevitable or impossible, as opening or closing opportunities for Israelis, as resulting in feelings of euphoria or betrayal, and as splintering or unifying the relevant parties. The authors argue that these dialectics, sometimes presented as both/and rather than either/or(L. A. Baxter & B. M. Montgomery, 1996), reflect a larger, complex negotiation of collective cultural identity for the Israeli people.
High prevalence information from different sources affects the development of false beliefs

To examine the effects of high and low false prevalence information from different sources on false beliefs, subjects took part in two sessions. In the first session, subjects rated the plausibility of different childhood events, how confident they were that they had experienced those events and their memories of those events. In the second session, 2 weeks later, subjects received high prevalence information about one target event and low prevalence information about another. Subjects received the information in a third-person description, a newspaper article, or cohort data about previous students' experiences, or they received no information. High prevalence newspaper and cohort information increased subjects' plausibility ratings compared to no information and third-person descriptions. High prevalence newspaper information also increased subjects' belief ratings. Our findings contribute to the growing literature demonstrating the role of false high prevalence information in the development of false beliefs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contributions affective et symbolique de la musique publicitaire : Une étude empirique

La majorité des recherches réalisées en marketing sur la musique publicitaire l'a abordée comme un stimulus remplissant une fonction affective au sein d'une annonce commerciale. Or une incursion dans les domaines de la musicologie, de la psychologie et de la philosophie indique que la musique est dotée d'un pouvoir évocateur indéniable, pouvoir sur lequel s'appuient les annonceurs pour doter leur marque de valeurs symboliques prisées par le consommateur. L'objectif de cet article est de vérifier empiriquement qu'à côté de sa fonction affective traditionnelle, la musique tient également un rôle symbolique dans la mesure où les évocations qu'elle véhicule influent sur les réponses des prospects à une publicité.
Understanding Students' Classroom Justice Experiences and Responses

The purpose of this study was threefold: to (a) identify students' experiences of distributive, procedural, and interactional injustice; (b) to examine students' emotional responses to these unjust experiences; and (c) to investigate students' behavioral reactions to perceived injustice. Participants were 138 undergraduate students who provided written narratives in response to three open-ended questions. Results revealed (a) distributive justice issues included grades, opportunities to improve grades, instructor affect, and punishment; (b) procedural justice issues included grading procedures, make-up/late policies, scheduling/workload, information for exams, feedback, instructor error, not following through with promises, class procedures, and not enforcing policies; and (c) interactional justice issues included insensitivity/rudeness, stating or implying stupidity, sexist/racist/prejudiced remarks, singling out students, accusing students of wrongdoing, and instructor affect. Students' emotional responses ranged from anger to empathy and their behavioral reactions ranged from dissent to withdrawal. Collectively, students reported procedural injustice almost three times as often as the other two types of injustice, and student emotional and behavioral responses were overwhelmingly negative. These results lend support to the validity of prior classroom justice measures, theorizing, and research.