Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Simple Computer Code to Obtain Relevant Data on H2 and CO Combustion in Severe Accidents and to Aid in PSA-2 Assessments Fernando Robledo Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN); Spain

By following Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN) requirements, all of the Spanish NPP ́s performed plant specific PSA level 2 studies and implemented Severe Accident Management Guidelines during the first years of this century. CSN and contractors made an independent detailed review of these PSA level 2 studies (Khatib-Rahbar 1997 2002). This independent review included the performance of plant specific calculations by using the MELCOR code and some other stand-alone codes and the calculation of the fission product release frequencies for each plant. One of the aspects treated in detail by CSN evaluations was the calculation of the containment failure probability due to the burn of combustible gases generated during a severe accident. It was shown that it would be useful to have a fast running code with capability to provide the most relevant data concerning H2 and CO combustion. Therefore, the Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM) developed the CPPC code (Martín-Valdepeñas, 2004a) for the CSN. This stand-alone module makes fast calculations on maximum static pressures in the containment building generated from H2 and CO combustion in severe accidents, considering well-mixed atmospheres and includes the most recent advances and developments in the field of H2 and CO combustion. Code input is simple: mass of H2 and CO, initial environmental conditions inside the containment before the combustion and simple geometric data, such as the volume of the building enclosing the combustible gases. The code calculates the containment temperature assuming steam saturated atmosphere and provides the following output: • Combustion completeness (CC). • Adiabatic and isochoric combustion pressure (pAICC). • Chapman-Jouguet pressure (pCJ). • Chapman-Jouguet reflected pressure (pCjrefl).
Labor-Technology Substitution: Implications for Asset Pricing

This paper studies the asset pricing implications of a firm's opportunities to replace routine-task labor with automation. I develop a model in which firms optimally undertake this replacement when their productivity is low. Hence, firms with routine-task labor maintain a replacement option that hedges their value against unfavorable macroeconomic shocks and lowers their expected returns. Using establishment-level occupational data, I construct a measure of firms' share of routine-task labor. Compared to their industry peers, firms with a higher share of routine-task labor (i) invest more in machines and reduce disproportionately more routine-task labor during economic downturns, and (ii) have lower expected stock returns.
Using Segmentation to Verify Object Hypotheses

We present an approach for object recognition that combines detection and segmentation within a efficient hypothesize/test framework. Scanning-window template classifiers are the current state-of-the-art for many object classes such as faces, cars, and pedestrians. Such approaches, though quite successful, can be hindered by their lack of explicit encoding of object shape/structure - one might, for example, find faces in trees. We adopt the following strategy; we first use these systems as attention mechanisms, generating many possible object locations by tuning them for low missed-detections and high false-positives. At each hypothesized detection, we compute a local figure-ground segmentation using a window of slightly larger extent than that used by the classifier. This segmentation task is guided by top-down knowledge. We learn offline from training data those segmentations that are consistent with true positives. We then prune away those hypotheses with bad segmentations. We show this strategy leads to significant improvements (10-20%) over established approaches such as ViolaJones and DalalTriggs on a variety of benchmark datasets including the PASCAL challenge, LabelMe, and the INRIAPerson dataset.
A Test-Retest Reliability Study of Cooper's Test In Adolescents Aged 16-19 Years

Background: The maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) can be measured through numerous tests, either directly or indirectly, where direct methods are considered more accurate, whereas indirect methods are more of an estimation with various degrees of reliability. Cooper's Test is one example of an indirect method considered reliable in estimating VO2max, with reliability coefficients ranging between 0.897-0.960. Cooper's Test is thus a test that is often used when estimating VO2max. However, there is a lack of test-retest research done utilising Cooper's Test on a younger population, which is the reasoning behind this study focusing on adolescents. Aim: The aim of the study was to study the test-retest reliability of Cooper's Test, in adolescents aged 16-19 years. Methods: Twelve healthy adolescents, aged 16-19 years, attending a sports high school participated in a test-retest study (test 1 and test 2) of Cooper's Test. The tests were performed on the short sides of a synthetic grass field, with 66 metres between the two sides, were the participants were instructed to cover as much distance as possible, with high motivation and intensity, for the whole 12 minutes of the Cooper's Test. Each individual participant's data was measured, recorded and later analysed. The total distance covered was then translated into miles and compared to Cooper's original estimated maximal oxygen consumption table for an estimation of each participant's VO2max value in ml*kg-1*min-1 from test 1 and test 2. The data from the test-retest and its variance was then analysed by a two-way mixed model of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with an absolute agreement type. Results: The analysed data from test 1 and test 2 of Cooper's Test showed the results of an ICC (95% CI) of 0.06 (-0.353 to 0.544), indicating a substantial error variance between the two separate Cooper's Tests. Conclusion: The data and analysis from this study implied that Cooper's Test was not reliable in the study population, consisting of adolescents. Possible factors influencing the result however were lack of participant motivation and the level of intensity variance during the test-retest of Cooper's Test. Further researchers and amateur and professional users should keep these factors in mind when utilising Cooper's Test to predict VO2max. More research is needed within this study's age population to draw any definite conclusions on the reliability of Cooper's test on adolescents.
The effect of occupational self-efficacy on work performance through intrinsic work motivation

Today, organizations work hard to improve the motivation of their employees and related knowledge, skills and abilities to enhance work performance. Among many other variables, self-efficacy proved to have an influential role in work performance. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of occupational self-efficacy on work performance through intrinsic motivation by using a longitudinal analysis. ,Participants were 76 employees from diverse organizations operating in an organized industrial region in Turkey. Participants filled in a weekly questionnaire during ten consecutive weeks. ,Results of multilevel analyses confirmed our hypotheses by showing that occupational self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation have a significant influential role over work performance, and intrinsic motivation serve as a partial mediator in this relationship. ,The study findings also reveal important information for organizational and managerial practices to improve employee motivation and performance.
Positive-definite Toeplitz completion in DOA estimation for nonuniform linear antenna arrays. II. Partially augmentable arrays

This paper considers the problem of direction-of arrival (DOA) estimation for multiple uncorrelated plane waves incident on so-called "fully augmentable" sparse linear arrays. In situations where a decision is made on the number of existing signal sources (m) prior to the estimation stage, we investigate the conditions under which DOA estimation accuracy is effective (in the maximum-likelihood sense). In the case where m is less than the number of antenna sensors (M), a new approach called "MUSIC-maximum-entropy equalization" is proposed to improve DOA estimation performance in the "preasymptotic region" of finite sample size (N) and signal-to-noise ratio. A full-sized positive definite (p.d.) Toeplitz matrix is constructed from the M/spl times/M direct data covariance matrix, and then, alternating projections are applied to find a p.d. Toeplitz matrix with m-variate signal eigensubspace ("signal subspace truncations"). When m/spl ges/M, Cramer-Rao bound analysis suggests that the minimal useful sample size N is rather large, even for arbitrarily strong signals. It is demonstrated that the well-known direct augmentation approach (DAA) cannot approach the accuracy of the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound, even asymptotically (as N/spl rarr//spl infin/) and, therefore, needs to be improved. We present a new estimation method whereby signal subspace truncation of the DAA augmented matrix is used for initialization and is followed by a local maximum-likelihood optimization routine. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated to be asymptotically optimal for the various superior scenarios (m/spl ges/M) presented.
How Properties of Kenaf Fibers from Burkina Faso Contribute to the Reinforcement of Earth Blocks

Physicochemical characteristics of Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) fibers from Burkina Faso were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), chemical analysis and video microscopy. Kenaf fibers (3 cm long) were used to reinforce earth blocks, and the mechanical properties of reinforced blocks, with fiber contents ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 wt%, were investigated. The fibers were mainly composed of cellulose type I (70.4 wt%), hemicelluloses (18.9 wt%) and lignin (3 wt%) and were characterized by high tensile strength (1 ± 0.25 GPa) and Young’s modulus (136 ± 25 GPa), linked to their high cellulose content. The incorporation of short fibers of kenaf reduced the propagation of cracks in the blocks, through the good adherence of fibers to the clay matrix, and therefore improved their mechanical properties. Fiber incorporation was particularly beneficial for the bending strength of earth blocks because it reinforces these blocks after the failure of soil matrix observed for unreinforced blocks. Blocks reinforced with such fibers had a ductile tensile behavior that made them better building materials for masonry structures than unreinforced blocks.
Examining links from civic engagement to daily well-being from a self-determination theory perspective

Abstract Civic engagement may benefit individuals who engage in it, yet empirical evidence is lacking. We examined whether civic engagement was associated with well-being in a seven-day daily diary study of 276 college students. Based on self-determination theory, we hypothesized that satisfaction of basic psychological needs mediates the link between civic engagement and well-being. Four types of civic engagement – helping, pro-environmental behavior, volunteering, and charitable giving – were examined as separate predictors and as a composite predictor of daily well-being. The composite was associated with higher well-being across days, and basic needs satisfaction had a significant indirect effect on this association. Helping and pro-environmental behavior were linked to daily well-being directly and indirectly through basic needs satisfaction. No effects were evident for volunteering or charitable giving. Results suggest that civic engagement may enhance well-being, although some types of civic engagement may enhance well-being more than others.
Bayesian based location estimation system using wireless LAN

Over the last few years, wireless LAN and location-based service has been a hot subject of controversy. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian-based location estimation system and a location-based application using existing wireless access points at a college campus. Our system uses signal strength of access points and a Bayesian inference to estimate a user's location. Using this pre-observation model-based system and considering signal strength direction, a user can construct a location estimation system easily and obtain good location estimation accuracy. Furthermore, our system allows users to know his/her location whenever they want without beacons searched by a system administrator or an unknown person. We implemented the system and exemplified its effectiveness with experiments at our campus. Using this system, we also propose a location-based presence service system. By using this presence system, one can get the location of friends automatically.
An Instructional Model for Guilding Reflection and Research in the Classroom: The Educational Situation Quality Model

The purpose of this work is to present an instructional model entitled the Modelo de Calidad de Situación Educativa" (MCSE) and how teachers can use it to reflect and investigate in a formal educational setting . It is a theoretical framework which treat to explain the functioning of an educational setting by organizing and relating the most important variables which according to the literature contribute to student learning. There are scarce educativional setting model that provide a methodological way to investigate in the educativional setting, however, the MCSE, besides to be a conceptual model, offers a methodology and instruments to obtain data in order to improve the teaching/learning process and academic achievement. Hence, the main objective of this tool is to guide the research conducted by teachers in the classroom and encourage them to investigate in the educational setting context. In this work, characteristics and functioning of the model are explained; moreover instructions and measure instruments are offered in order to be used by any teacher interested in improving the quality of student learning and achievement.
Dense Pixel Matching between Unrectified and Distorted Images using Dynamic Programming

In this paper, a novel framework for dens e pixel matching based on dynamic programming is in troduced. Unlike most techniques proposed in the literature, our approach assumes neither known camera geometry nor the availability of rectified images. Under suc h onditions, the matching task cannot be reduced t o finding correspondences between a pair of scanlines . W propose to extend existing dynamic programming methodologies to a larger dimensional space by usin g a 3D scoring matrix so that correspondences betwe en a line and a whole image can be calculated. After a ssessing our framework on a standard evaluation dat aset of rectified stereo images, experiments are conduct ed on unrectified and non-linearly distorted images . Results validate our new approach and reveal the ver satility of our algorithm.
Self-consciousness and emotions driving femvertising: A path analysis of women’s attitude towards femvertising, forwarding intention and purchase intention

Abstract Femvertising is making huge waves as large numbers of brands are launching campaigns marketing feminism. While promoting products brands are selling empowerment to women through marketing campaigns. As women purchasing power is increasing they provide bigger opportunity to marketers, this is the reason femvertising is the hottest trend used by advertisers to attract women customers. This study investigates the influence of self-consciousness and Need for Emotion on Attitude towards femvertising. It further sheds light on the effect of Attitude towards femvertising on forwarding intention of ad and purchase intention of the advertised brand. ANOVA was conducted to analyze the relationship between demographic profile of women respondents with their attitude towards femvertising, forwarding intention and purchase intention. Results show that individuals Private & Public self-consciousness and need for emotion influence their attitude towards femvertising. Positive attitude towards femvertising influence their forwarding intention of ad but does to lead to purchase intent. The findings revealed that intention to forward and purchase intention varies across different age groups.
The timeless way of educating. Theme-Centered Interaction, a Pattern Language by Ruth C. Cohn

60 years ago in New York City, psychoanalyst and pedagogue Ruth C. Cohn started developing Theme-Centered Interaction (TCI) as a framework to humanely facilitate educational groups. Her work is an important and useful toolset aimed at Social Learning of a certain subject matter---decades old yet relevant today. It aims at enhancing both self-leadership and facilitation skills. Today it is well-known in Europe and India, but not in the United States of America. The author of this paper believes that Ruth C. Cohn actually wrote a pattern language, therefore he reproduces Cohn's basic ideas in patterns form. The contribution of this paper is fourfold: First and foremost, the basic tools of TCI are rephrased and related to each other to show their pattern language character. TCI is being re-introduced among an international audience. TCI gets put into the context of educational and facilitation frameworks already established in the field of software development, in particular the existing body of pedagogical patterns and Agility. Finally, evidence from diverse fields is being collected that supports the efficacy of TCI.
Differential Expression of IA Channel Subunits Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 in Mouse Visual Cortical Neurons and Synapses

In cortical neurons, pore-forming α-subunits of the Kv4 subfamily underlie the fast transient outward K+ current (IA). Considerable evidence has accumulated demonstrating specific roles for IA channels in the generation of individual action potentials and in the regulation of repetitive firing. Although IA channels are thought to play a role in synaptic processing, little is known about the cell type- and synapse-specific distribution of these channels in cortical circuits. Here, we used immunolabeling with specific antibodies against Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, in combination with GABA immunogold staining, to determine the cellular, subcellular, and synaptic localization of Kv4 channels in the primary visual cortex of mice, in which subsets of pyramidal cells express yellow fluorescent protein. The results show that both Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 are concentrated in layer 1, the bottom of layer 2/3, and in layers 4 and 5/6. In all layers, clusters of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 immunoreactivity are evident in the membranes of the somata, dendrites, and spines of pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 clusters in pyramidal cells and interneurons are excluded from putative excitatory synapses, whereas postsynaptic membranes at GABAergic synapses often contain Kv4.2 and Kv4.3. The presence of Kv4 channels at GABAergic synapses would be expected to weaken inhibition during dendritic depolarization by backpropagating action potentials. The extrasynaptic localization of Kv4 channels near excitatory synapses, in contrast, should stabilize synaptic excitation during dendritic depolarization. Thus, the synapse-specific distribution of Kv4 channels functions to optimize dendritic excitation and the association between presynaptic and postsynaptic activity.
A Possible Relationship between Psychological Factors and Human Cancer

Summary A comparison has been made of the personality characteristics of cancer patients with rapidly advancing disease and similar cases in which the period of survival was far longer than the average expectancy. The psychological differences between patients in these two extreme clinical groups were of such magnitude that in a significantly high percentage of cases they were readily detectable from the results of a single, relatively simple, objective test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The data obtained suggest that long‐standing, intense emotional stress may exert a profoundly stimulating effect on the growth rate of an established cancer in man. The major differentiating features of the psychological data are defined, and the possible significance of the findings in relation to host resistance is discussed.
Interleukin-12 production by human monocytes infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: role of phagocytosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its antigens are potent inducers of cytokine expression by mononuclear phagocytes. In this study, the ability of live M. tuberculosis to stimulate interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression by human monocytes was examined. Monocytes were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by adherence and either infected with M. tuberculosis or exposed to soluble protein antigens of M. tuberculosis (purified protein derivative [PPD]). Live M. tuberculosis (10(6) to 10(7) CFU/ml) was a potent stimulus for interleukin-12 (IL-12). By using reverse transcription-PCR, p40 mRNA was detected at 3 h, peaked at 6 to 12 h, and decayed to baseline levels at 18 to 24 h following infection. Bioactive IL-12 (p70) was measured by the phytohemagglutinin blast proliferation assay and confirmed the p40 mRNA results. In contrast, soluble PPD at concentrations known to readily induce IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha expression by monocytes (10 to 100 microg/ml) was a poor stimulus for IL-12 p40 mRNA expression. The different efficiencies of M. tuberculosis bacilli and PPD for IL-12 expression by monocytes was in part due to a requirement for phagocytosis. Induction of IL-12 in response to M. tuberculosis was reduced by cytochalasin D. Furthermore, phagocytosis of dead M. tuberculosis or inert 2-micron-diameter polystyrene beads by monocytes induced IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, 0.5-micron-diameter beads, which can enter cells through pinocytosis, did not stimulate IL-12 expression. Functionally, IL-12 readily enhanced PPD-stimulated IFN-gamma production and CD4+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy tuberculin-positive donors but induced less enhancement when live M. tuberculosis was the antigen. These results suggest that IL-12 is upregulated as part of the early cytokine response of mononuclear phagocytes to M. tuberculosis and that the cellular events associated with phagocytosis are themselves a potent signal for IL-12 production. IL-12 released by infected macrophages in turn can further upregulate M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T-cell effector function.