Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress and coping in clinical psychologists

Levels and sources of stress, as well as coping strategies, were assessed in 101 West Midlands clinical psychologists by means of a postal survey. As expected, GHQ caseness levels for qualified psychologists were lower than for those in training, although qualified psychologists reported that they felt as stressed as trainees. As hypothesized, women and those with less experience reported higher stress levels. Junior men reported higher stress levels than more senior men; however, no such differences were found for women. Those psychologists who were ‘cases’ were also less likely to live with a partner. As expected, the most frequently reported coping strategies were behavioural, which mostly involved talking to others, and avoidance coping was associated with a poorer mental health outcome. Factor analysis of a self-report stress survey identified seven factors; being responsible for supervising trainees accounted for the greatest variance in stress ratings. Psychologists indicated that better support from colleagues and better NHS management were the factors most likely to alleviate stress.
45nm gate length Bulk/PD-SOI CMOS transistors with low gate leakage current for high speed and low power applications

45 nm gate length bulk/PD (partially depleted) SOI transistors, with high performance and ultra-low gate leakage, are presented in this paper. The nFETs and pFETs, operating at Vdd=1.2 V, possess driving currents of 1050 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m and 450 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m, as well as 980 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m and 490 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at Ioff=20 nA//spl mu/m for bulk and PD-SOI devices respectively. The inversion gate leakage is only 1 A/cm/sup 2/ at Vdd=1.0 V. The robust device performance is quite suitable for both high speed and low operating power applications.
Solution measurement of DNA curvature in papillomavirus E2 binding sites.

'Indirect readout' refers to the proposal that proteins can recognize the intrinsic three-dimensional shape or flexibility of a DNA binding sequence apart from direct protein contact with DNA base pairs. The differing affinities of human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 proteins for different E2 binding sites have been proposed to reflect indirect readout. DNA bending has been observed in X-ray structures of E2 protein-DNA complexes. X-ray structures of three different E2 DNA binding sites revealed differences in intrinsic curvature. DNA sites with intrinsic curvature in the direction of protein-induced bending were bound more tightly by E2 proteins, supporting the indirect readout model. We now report solution measurements of intrinsic DNA curvature for three E2 binding sites using a sensitive electrophoretic phasing assay. Measured E2 site curvature agrees well the predictions of a dinucleotide model and supports an indirect readout hypothesis for DNA recognition by HPV E2.
Impaired microvascular function related to poor metabolic control in young patients with diabetes

The purpose of the present study was to identify whether young patients with type 1 diabetes using modern multiple insulin injection therapy (MIT) have signs of microvascular dysfunction and to elucidate possible correlations with various disease parameters. Skin blood flow on the dorsum of the foot was measured with laser Doppler perfusion imaging in 37 patients (age 10–21 years, disease duration 6·0–16 years) and 10 healthy controls. Measurements were performed at rest, after change in posture (the leg was lowered below heart level) and during postocclusive hyperaemia. Following a change in posture blood flow increased instead of decreased in a majority of the study subjects. Patients with acute HbA1c >7·5% (n = 22) had an increase in skin blood flow at rest and a significantly reduced blood flow when the leg was lowered below heart level as compared with patients with HbA1c <7·5% (0·26 V versus 0·17 V, P<0·01 and 0·12 V versus 0·23 V, P<0·05, respectively) and healthy controls. Following occlusion of the macrocirculation for 3 min a small non‐significant decrease in the hyperaemic response was seen in the patients. The postocclusive hyperaemic response and the venoarteriolar reflex were not correlated to duration of disease, long‐term metabolic control or electrophysiological signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction. It is concluded that signs of microvascular dysfunction related to poor metabolic control are present in young patients with MIT treatment and rather well‐controlled diabetes. Low resting blood flow levels are suggested to contribute to the absence of postural vasoconstrictor response.
Mentors in Organizations

This study examined mentoring relationships in organizations as experienced by protégés. The sample, 80 men and women in early career stages, provided data using questionnaires. Three-quarters of the group had one or more mentors. The findings were both supportive of some previous conclusions and contradictory to others. In general, the mentoring experience was a positive one for proteges. Implications for management development are offered. The presence of mentoring in organizations is also considered in relation to specific organizational outcome variables.
The Fit Factor: The Role of Fit Between Ads in Understanding Cross-Media Synergy

This research investigates the role of fit between campaign ads in generating cross-media effects. Using an ecologically valid design, this article enhances our understanding of cross-media effects in real life. By combining a content analysis of Dutch cross-media campaigns with a secondary data analysis of tracking studies on the same campaigns (n = 900), this research revealed that fit contributed positively to campaign evaluations yet contributed negatively to brand and campaign memory. In conclusion, this research shows that fit is an important factor in understanding cross-media synergy but might have both positive and negative effects.
The Effects of Visual Stimulus and Instruction on Intonation Accuracy of String Instrumentalists

Within a musical context, intonation accuracy refers to the ability of musicians to perceive slight variations in pitch and make the corresponding adjustments in their own performance. Accurate intonation is a difficult problem for performers of most musical instruments. Research suggests that intonation is affected by intensity, harmonic structure, frequency range, timbre, temporal relationships and direction (Fletcher, 1934; Stevens, 1935; Morgan and Garner, 1951; Zeitlin, 1964; Bergan, 1966; Greer, 1970; Swaffield, 1974). The human hearing mechanism seems to be most sensitive to changes in pitch at certain frequency ranges (Kranz, 1923; Shower and Biddulph, 1931; Zeitlin, 1964).
Diversity attitudes and norms: the role of ethnic identity and relational demography

This study investigated attitudes and subjective norms related to workplace diversity initiatives and intentions to engage in diversity-related behaviors in a sample of 852 public service employees. Participants completed a survey measuring behavioral intentions, attitudes, belief-based norms, ethnic identity achievement, and demographic characteristics. Comparisons were made between people of color and Whites as well as between those with high and low ethnic identity achievement. Results showed a triple interaction among supervisor race, employee race, and employee ethnic identity achievement. Specifically, among people of color with high ethnic identity achievement, having a supervisor of color was more strongly associated with positive views of subjective norms toward inclusive behavior, understanding others, and treating others with respect than among people of color with low ethnic identity achievement. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional subtyping with BluePrint 80-gene profile to identify distinct triple-positive subtypes with and without trastuzumab/chemosensitivity.

114 Background: Classification by molecular subtype can aid in the selection of therapy for patients with breast cancer. However at present, the methodology for molecular subtyping is not standardized. The aim of the prospective NBRST study is to compare chemosensitivity as defined by pathological Complete Response (pCR) using the 80-gene BluePrint (BP) functional subtype profile vs. conventional IHC/FISH subtyping. METHODS The study includes women aged 18-90 with histologically proven breast cancer, written informed consent, no excision biopsy or axillary dissection, and no prior therapy for breast cancer. Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy (NCT) was at the discretion of the physician adhering to NCCN approved or other peer-reviewed regimens. BP in combination with MammaPrint classifies patients into 4 molecular subgroups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and Basal. RESULTS 721 patients had definitive surgery. 58/335 (17%) IHC/FISH HR+/HER2- patients were re-classified by BP as Basal (57) or HER2 (1). 92/222 (41%) IHC/FISH HER2+ patients were re-classified as BP Luminal (67) or BP Basal (25). 7/164 (4%) IHC/FISH triple negative (TN) patients were re-classified as BP Luminal (5) or BP HER2 (2). NCT pCR rates were 3% in Luminal A and 9% in Luminal B patients versus 10% pCR in IHC/FISH luminal patients. The NCT pCR rate was 54% in BP HER2 patients. This is significantly superior (p = 0.02) to the pCR rate in IHC/FISH HER2+ patients (40%). BP Basal and IHC/FISH TN had a pCR rate of 35%. Functional BP subtyping divided the 137 IHC/FISH triple positive patients into two major subgroups: BP Luminal (n = 66, pCR = 11%) and BP HER2 (n = 60, pCR = 45%). 11 patients were re-classified as BP Basal with pCR = 45%. CONCLUSIONS Molecular subtyping using BP leads to a reclassification of 23% of tumors. The re-classification is most prominent in classically assessed triple positive patients where 48% of patients are re-assigned to the less responsive BP Luminal-type group vs. 44% of patients assigned to the responsive BP HER2-type group. These findings confirm the more accurate identification of molecular subgroups for treatment decision by BluePrint functional subtype classifier. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION NCT01479101.
Gut Microbiome in Down Syndrome

Background Premature aging seriously compromises the health status of Down Syndrome (DS) persons. Since human aging has been associated with a deterioration of the gut microbiota (GM)-host mutualism, here we investigated the composition of GM in DS. Methods The observational study presented involved 17 adult DS persons. We characterized the GM structure by 454 pyrosequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. DS microbiome was compared with that of age-matched healthy non-trisomic adults enrolled in the same geographic area. Results and Conclusions The dominant GM fraction of DS persons showed an overall mutualistic immune-modulatory layout, comparable to that of healthy controls. This makes GM a possible factor counteracting the genetic determined acceleration of immune senescence in DS persons. However, we also found detectable signatures specific for DS among subdominant GM components, such as the increase of Parasporobacterium and Sutterella. In particular, the abundance of this last microorganism significantly correlated with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) total score, allowing us to hypothesize a possible role for this microbial genus in behavioral features in DS.
The Importance and Decision-Making Utility of a Continuum of Fluency-Based Indicators of Foundational Reading Skills for Third-Grade High-Stakes Outcomes

Educational accountability and its counterpart, high-stakes assessment, are at the forefront of the educational agenda in this era of standards-based reform. In this article, we examine assessment and accountability in the context of a prevention-oriented assessment and intervention system designed to assess early reading progress formatively. Specifically, we explore the utility of a continuum of fluency-based indicators of foundational early literacy skills to predict reading outcomes, to inform educational decisions, and to change reading outcomes for students at risk of reading difficulty. First, we address the accountability era, discuss the promise of prevention-oriented assessment, and outline a continuum of fluency-based indicators of foundational reading skills using Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills and Curriculum-Based Measurement Oral Reading Fluency. Next, we describe a series of linked, short-term, longitudinal studies of 4 cohorts examining the utility and predictive validity of the measures from kindergarten through 3rd grade with the Oregon Statewide Assessment-Reading/Literature as a high-stakes reading outcome. Using direct measures of key foundational skills, predictive validities ranged from. 34 to. 82. The utility of the fluency-based benchmark goals was supported with the finding that 96% of children who met the 3rd-grade oral reading fluency benchmark goal met or exceeded expectations on the Oregon Statewide Assessment, a high-stakes outcome measure. We illustrate the utility of the measures for evaluating instruction, modifying the instructional system, and targeting children who need additional instructional support to achieve benchmark goals. Finally, we discuss the instructional and policy implications of our findings and their utility in an active educational accountability environment.
Series Price and Variety in the Spokes Model

The spokes model of nonlocalized spatial competition provides a new analytical tool for di¤erentiated oligopoly and a representation of spatial monopolistic competition. At the unique symmetric equilibrium of the spokes model, an increase in the number of rms leads to lower prices when consumers have relatively high product valuations, but, surprisingly, to higher prices for lower consumer valuations. New entry alters consumer and social welfare through price, market expansion, and matching e¤ects. With free entry, there can be multiple equilibria in the number of rms, the market may provide too many or too few varieties from a social welfare perspective, and the equilibrium price remains above marginal cost even when the number of rms is arbitrarily large. JEL Classi cation Number: D4, L1
Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification: Histopathologic features of an autopsied patient with an SLC20A2 mutation

Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC), or Fahr's disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by widespread calcification in the brain. Recently, several causative genes have been identified, but the histopathologic features of the brain lesions and expression of the gene products remain unclear. Here, we report the clinical and autopsy features of a 62‐year‐old Japanese man with familial IBGC, in whom an SLC20A2 mutation was identified. The patient developed mild cognitive impairment and parkinsonism. A brain CT scan demonstrated abnormal calcification in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami and cerebellum. An MRI study at this point revealed glioblastoma, and the patient died 6 months later. At autopsy, symmetric calcification in the basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellar white matter and deeper layers of the cerebral cortex was evident. The calcification was observed in the tunica media of small arteries, arterioles and capillaries, but not in veins. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody against type III sodium‐dependent phosphate transporter 2 (PiT‐2), the SLC20A2 product, demonstrated that astrocytic processes were labeled in several regions in control brains, whereas in the patient, reactivity in astrocytes was apparently weak. Immunoblotting demonstrated a marked decrease of PiT‐2 in the patient. There are few autopsy reports of IBGC patients with confirmation of the genetic background. The autopsy features seem informative for better understanding the histogenesis of IBGC lesions.
Developmental aspects of sensorimotor integration

The ontogeny of the ability to integrate different sources of afferent information in order to perform an aiming movement was studied in four age groups (5 to 6, 8 to 9, 11 to 12, and 20 to 30 years). In the acquisition phase, half the subjects in each group were trained with proprioceptive and visual information about the moving limb provided, whereas the other half had to rely on proprioception alone. All subjects were subsequently submitted to the same “transfer” task under the proprioception condition, with no feedback regarding aiming accuracy and movement time. During acquisition trials, vision of the performing limb yielded greater aiming accuracy in all groups, but, overall, the older subjects were more accurate than the younger ones. As expected, withdrawal of visual feedback after training had a deleterious effect on aiming accuracy in all subjects, but this effect was significantly more pronounced in the older groups. The fact that the younger children showed a smaller decrease in aiming accura.
Medical issues among children and teenagers with Down syndrome in Hong Kong.

UNLABELLED We examined the prevalence of medical problems in children and teenagers with Down syndrome in Hong Kong. METHODS Children with Down syndrome receiving care from seven regional hospitals were included and their hospital records were reviewed. A total of 407 patients, aged between 0.06 and 17.16 years were included. Cardiovascular problems were observed in 216 (53%), endocrine problems in 111 (27%), gastrointestinal problems in 46 (11%), haematological problems in 18 (4%), neurological problems in 27 (7%), sleep problems in 36 (9%), skeletal problems in 56 (14%), visual problems in 195 (48%) and auditory problems in 137 (34%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of medical problems was high in children and teenagers with Down syndrome in Hong Kong and similar to previous findings elsewhere. Future studies on the local prevalence of medical problems in the adult population with Down syndrome would help to define their medical needs.
Sustainable & Productive : Improving Incentives for Quality Software

Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) software can benefit substantially from an explicit focus on quality improvement. This is especially true as we face increased demands in both modeling and software complexities. At the same time, just desiring improved quality is not sufficient. We must work with the entities that provide CSE research teams with publication venues, funding, and professional recognition in order to increase incentives for improved software quality. In fact, software quality is precisely calibrated to the expectations, explicit and implicit, set by these entities. We will see broad improvements in sustainability and productivity only when publishers, funding agencies and employers raise their expectations for software quality. CSE software community leaders, those who are in a position to inform and influence these entities, have a unique opportunity to broadly and positively impact software quality by working to establish incentives that will spur creative and novel approaches to improve developer productivity and software sustainability.
The development of seventh graders' views of nature of science

This study investigated the development in students' nature of science (NOS) views in the context of an explicit inquiry-oriented instructional approach. Participants were 18 seventh-grade students who were taught by a teacher with “appropriate” knowledge about NOS. The intervention spanned about 3 months. During this time, students were engaged in three inquiry-oriented activities that were followed by reflective discussions of NOS. The study emphasized the tentative, empirical, inferential, and creative aspects of NOS. An open-ended questionnaire, in conjunction with semi-structured interviews, was used to assess students' views before, during, and after the intervention. Before instruction, the majority of students held naive views of the four NOS aspects. During instruction, the students acquired more informed and “intermediary” views of the NOS aspects. By the end of the intervention, the students' views of the NOS aspects had developed further still into informed and “intermediary. ” These findings suggest a developmental model in which students' views develop along a continuum during which they pass through intermediary views to reach more informed views. Implications for teaching and learning of NOS are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 470–496, 2008
A Legibility Index: can handwriting be measured?

Abstract Writing scripts completed by a representative sample of seven‐year‐old Cheshire children were used to examine the reliability of teacher subjective rating and the reliability, validity and item analysis of a handwriting checklist. One hundred samples were processed by five experienced teachers who rated them on a seven point scale and marked them on the checklist. Thirteen of the 20 checklist items are identified as making significant contribution to legibility and to be worthy of inclusion in a subsequent analysis. The data suggests that handwriting might be amenable to quantification and that a refined measure could be constructed for research purposes.
Balancing Explicability and Explanation in Human-Aware Planning

Human aware planning requires an agent to be aware of the intentions, capabilities and mental model of the human in the loop during its decision process. This can involve generating plans that are explicable to a human observer as well as the ability to provide explanations when such plans cannot be generated. This has led to the notion "multi-model planning" which aim to incorporate effects of human expectation in the deliberative process of a planner - either in the form of explicable task planning or explanations produced thereof. In this paper, we bring these two concepts together and show how a planner can account for both these needs and achieve a trade-off during the plan generation process itself by means of a model-space search method MEGA. This in effect provides a comprehensive perspective of what it means for a decision making agent to be "human-aware" by bringing together existing principles of planning under the umbrella of a single plan generation process. We situate our discussion specifically keeping in mind the recent work on explicable planning and explanation generation, and illustrate these concepts in modified versions of two well known planning domains, as well as a demonstration on a robot involved in a typical search and reconnaissance task with an external supervisor.
Are collagenous and lymphocytic colitis different aspects of the same disease?

Abstract Objective. Collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) are two subtypes of microscopic colitis (MC). Even though they most often are described as different entities they share many clinical and histological features. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of conversion between CC and LC in a larger cohort of patients. Materials and methods. All 664 patients in our Pathology register with a diagnosis of CC and LC were scrutinized and those where additional endoscopies had been carried out were included, and their biopsies were re-examined. Results. Sixty-five patients (55 women, 10 men, median age 58 years; range 29–86) fulfilled our criteria for inclusion. The primary diagnosis was CC in 47 patients (39 women, 8 men, median age 58 years; range 29–86) and LC in 18 patients (16 women, 2 men, median age 58 years; range 33–74). Conversion occurred in nine of the 65 patients (14%, all women, median age 59 years; range 41–72), three from CC to LC and six from LC to CC. Conclusion. This study has found that patients can show histological features consistent with both CC and LC over time. These patients could represent a subgroup with a true conversion between two separate entities. Alternatively, MC could be a spectral disease where the varying histological features are manifestations of the natural fluctuation. A third possibility could be that the histological changes reflect different manifestations during the disease course and consequently, the diagnostic criteria could be too vague.