Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meaningful work? Nonprofit marketization and work/ life imbalance in popular autobiographies of social entrepreneurship

As social entrepreneurship gains increasing acclaim and institutional support, there is a need for greater critical assessment of its practices and effects, including how it relates to current concerns about meaningful work. Our critical analysis of popular autobiographies of social entrepreneurs provides insight into how marketization forces are shaping the construction of meaningful work within the US nonprofit context. Our findings illustrate that although popular portrayals of social entrepreneurship offer a compelling vision of meaningful work centred on solving pressing social problems, they also celebrate a troubling account of work/life balance centred on self-sacrifice, underpaid and unpaid labour and the privileging of organizational commitment at the expense of health, family and other aspects of social reproduction. In focusing critical attention on popular autobiographies, our analysis contributes to ongoing efforts to understand how popular culture assists in reproducing problematic assumptions about work and professional life.
The conceptualization and measurement of burnout: Common ground and worlds apart

Abstract In this edition of Work & Stress, Kristensen and his colleagues critically discuss the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and present an alternative, more general instrument to measure burnout that exclusively focuses on exhaustion. Here we critically examine their reasons for developing a new burnout measure, as well as the theoretical foundations of this measure. Whereas we agree with Kristensen et al.'s remarks concerning the availability and item wording of the MBI, we do not share their concerns regarding its theoretical underpinnings. In our view, burnout should be conceptualized as a primarily work-related syndrome of (at least) exhaustion and depersonalization/cynicism. The MBI would seem to fit that conceptualization very well.
Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, pH and Surface Water Temperature Conditions in Nkoro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and surface water temperature conditions in Nkoro River, in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was studied for a period of one year (January - December 2008). The response of estuarine fishes to changes in salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and surface water temperature conditions does not only enhance our biological understanding ore stuarine fish, but contributes to the understanding of the potential effects of anthropogenic impacts on estuarine fish species. Dissolved oxygen meter of the model: OxyGuard Handy MK II was used in measuring dissolved oxygen and temperature, pH was measured using pH meter (model: Hanna Instrument model No. H 1 8915 ATC) while salinity was measured using salinometer, model: New S- 100. for each of the parameters. The probe end of the meter was dipped into the river while the value at the pointer of the scale was read off and recorded. The measurements were taken while inside the canoe along Nkontoru-Job Ama, which is part of the Nkoro river system. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured in milligrams per litre (mg/I); temperature in ℃ (degrees centigrade); and salinity was in parts per thousand (ppt or ‰). Salinity values ranged from 5‰ (September) to 17‰ (February and March). Dissolved Oxygen values ranged from 6mg/l (January, April, July and October) to 10rag/1 (September). PH values ranged from 6.1(August) to 8.5(November) and Temperature values ranged from 24 0℃ (July) to 32 0℃ (M arch). Salinity values ranged from 12.8±0.30 (‰) (station 4) to 13.3±0.10(‰) (station 3). Dissolved Oxygen values ranged from 3.2±0.1 (mg/1)(station 3) to 7.3±0.16 mg/l(station 1). pH values ranged from 7.3±0.17 (station 1) to7.7±0.14(station 3) and Temperature values ranged from 27.3±0.24(station 1) to 33.7±0.21(station 3). There was no significant difference in salinity and pH between stations, but dissolved oxygen, and temperature showed significant differences between stations (P ＜ 0.05). The results of the correlation matrix analysis showed significant correlation between the variables at different stations. The association between the environmental variables in the Nkoro river was generally similar because the water at the stations was seemingly from the same source, Atlantic Ocean through Bonny River. Positive association was observed indicating functional similarity. The varying magnitude of the relationship between the water variables in lower Bonny River of Niger Delta was attributed to micro habit differences.
Factors influencing the outcome of group psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE Group psychotherapy is a widely used form of treatment for bulimia nervosa, and many open and controlled studies have demonstrated that it is relatively effective. However, it is not clear what factors enhance or reduce that effectiveness. This review considers the potential role of a number of such factors. METHOD The literature on the effectiveness of group psychotherapy was selected on the basis of its publication inclusion in peer-reviewed journals. Unpublished material was not included. Factors considered included theoretical orientation, therapy dose, concurrent treatment, client characteristics, and service characteristics. RESULTS The research to date shows no obvious advantage attached to any single therapeutic orientation or to the gender of therapists. However, other aspects of group psychotherapy do seem to influence outcome. Better outcomes are associated with longer, more intensively scheduled groups and with the addition of other treatment components (e.g., individual work). There is also evidence that relatively large groups are a viable option. These conclusions are reasonably congruent with clients' own expressed preferences regarding therapy. DISCUSSION It is suggested that future research should focus on matching the characteristics of individual bulimics to the nature of the group psychotherapy, in order to increase engagement and effectiveness while reducing drop-out rates.
Microclimate and Downtown Open Space Activity

Microclimatic conditions in business district open spaces tend to be more extreme than prevailing weather conditions. Although the buildings are chiefly responsible for this inclemency, their shapes and arrangement could also potentially be used to moderate or enhance prevailing conditions. To provide better guidance in design, we need to know how humans respond to microclimatic conditions. In particular, we need to know first how sunlight, temperature, humidity, and wind combine in sensations of outdoor human comfort, and second, how important microclimatic factors are in behavior. This article reports on a study of revealed preferences for certain local climatic conditions, measured in terms of presence levels and activities in seven closely spaced corporate plazas and public squares in a built-up, downtown area. The observations were conducted over a 5-month period. The measured microclimatic conditions accounted for most of the variance in activity levels and types. Temperature was the single most important variable. Although great variation in level of use among spaces cannot be explained solely in terms of microclimatic differences, use within spaces varies chiefly as a function of microclimate.
Information revelation and internet privacy concerns on social network sites: a case study of facebook

Despite concerns raised about the disclosure of personal information on social network sites, research has demonstrated that users continue to disclose personal information. The present study employs surveys and interviews to examine the factors that influence university students to disclose personal information on Facebook. Moreover, we study the strategies students have developed to protect themselves against privacy threats. The results show that personal network size was positively associated with information revelation, no association was found between concern about unwanted audiences and information revelation and finally, students' Internet privacy concerns and information revelation were negatively associated. The privacy protection strategies employed most often were the exclusion of personal information, the use of private email messages, and altering the default privacy settings. Based on our findings, we propose a model of information revelation and draw conclusions for theories of identity expression.
OCT and NMO: are there methods to our madness?

T he distinction between typical acute demyelinating optic neuritis (ON), as may occur during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), and ON in the setting of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a challenge frequently faced by neuro-ophthalmologists. The separation of these 2 forms of ON is important based on the relatively poor visual prognosis associated with NMO and the differences in how these 2 conditions are treated (1–4). Patients with NMO often require immunosuppressive therapy and interferon-beta may have deleterious effects on the relapse rate in NMO patients (1,2). Although the aquaporin-4 antibody continues to be evaluated as an important diagnostic NMO biomarker in both clinically definite and limited forms (NMO spectrum disorders) (5,6), there is increasing attention to the structure and function of the anterior visual pathway as a potential system for helping to distinguish patients with NMO vs MS. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a powerful tool to provide structural information about the retina and optic nerve. Thus, it is logical to ask whether OCT may be able to distinguish unilateral ON associated NMO from that typically observed with MS. This question was one of many addressed by 2 independent reports (7,8) in this issue of the Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology. As such, both articles compare peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, in eyes with a history of ON for patients with NMO vs relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Consistent with findings in the literature from previous investigations of time-domain optical coherence tomography (9), eyes with a history of ON (.6 months before OCT) in both of these cross-sectional studies demonstrated thinner RNFL in patients with NMO compared with RRMS (Table 1). Despite the similar imaging findings, the 2 studies demonstrated different results in terms of the magnitudes of the differences between NMO and RRMS eyes (effect sizes). The reader, therefore, may be left with some questions given the different statistical outcome of the 2 studies:
KPCA plus LDA: a complete kernel Fisher discriminant framework for feature extraction and recognition

This paper examines the theory of kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFD) in a Hilbert space and develops a two-phase KFD framework, i.e., kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) plus Fisher linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This framework provides novel insights into the nature of KFD. Based on this framework, the authors propose a complete kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (CKFD) algorithm. CKFD can be used to carry out discriminant analysis in "double discriminant subspaces. " The fact that, it can make full use of two kinds of discriminant information, regular and irregular, makes CKFD a more powerful discriminator. The proposed algorithm was tested and evaluated using the FERET face database and the CENPARMI handwritten numeral database. The experimental results show that CKFD outperforms other KFD algorithms.
Toward Differentiated Decision-Making: Family Systems Theory with the Homeless Clinical Population

The clinical treatment of the homeless population typically focuses on issues of mental illness and drug/alcohol dependency. This treatment, however, does not address the problems of the homeless who are not mentally ill or those without a dependency problem. Because of the nature of the presenting problems of the homeless, Bowen family systems theory provides an appropriate framework from which to view these cases. An effective framework of therapy using Bowen's family systems theory to work with the homeless clinical population is described. The four phases of this treatment framework include connection, assessment, treatment/consolidation, and crisis intervention. Through these phases, therapists work to help the homeless client identify emotional patterns and to make different decisions at key decision points, thereby breaking the pattern of behavior leading up to and maintaining homelessness. Clinical examples of each phase are provided.
The role of EGF-EGFR signalling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma inflammatory microenvironment

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and their receptor (EGFR) play an important role in the development of cancer proliferation, and metastasis, although the mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed at investigating the role of EGF‐EGFR signalling pathway in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) inflammatory environment. Gene profiles of inflammatory cytokines from HCC were measured. Cell bio‐behaviours of HCC with low or high metastasis were detected by the live cell monitoring system. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8. The protein level of CXCL5 and CXCL8 was measured by ELISA. The phosphorylation of PI3K, ERK, MAPK was measured by western blot. EGF significantly induced cell proliferation in HepG2 cells, but not in HCCLM3 cells. EGF prompted the cell movement in both HepG2 and HCCLM3 and regulated the production of CXCL5 and CXCL8 from HCC, which were inhibited by EGFR inhibitor, Erk inhibitor (U0126), or PI3K inhibitors (BEZ‐235 and SHBM1009). HCC proliferation, metastasis and production of inflammatory cytokines were regulated via EGF‐EGFR signal pathways. CXCL5 could interact with CXCL8, possibly by CXCR2 or the cross‐talk between CXCR2 and EGFR. EGF‐EGFR signaling pathway can be the potential target of therapies for HCC.
Sensation-seeking, life events and depression

Background The relationship between adversity and genetic risk factors in depression could be mediated by familial ‘hazard prone’ traits, as reflected in high levels of sensation-seeking. Aims To examine whether high sensation-seeking scores are associated with more adverse life events resulting in depression. Method In a sib-pair design, 108 probands with depression and their siblings and 105 healthy control subjects and their siblings were compared for psychopathology, life events and scores on the Sensation-Seeking Questionnaire (SSQ). Results The SSQ scores were correlated negatively with depression, were familial and were correlated positively with less severe events, but not the severe events typically associated with depressive onsets. Conclusions The SSQ measures a familial personality trait and depression is associated with lower scores. Although high sensation-seeking is associated with a higher rate of life events, these carry little threat.
Variational Multiscale Methods for incompressible flows

The present paper reviews the Variational Multiscale Method (VMM) as a framework enabling the development of computational methods for the simulation of incompressible flows, particularly in the form of Large Eddy Simulations (LESs) of turbulent flows. Starting with a variational formulation of the Navier Stokes equations, a separation of all scales of the flow problem into two and three scale groups, respectively, is shown. A particular numerical method emanating from both the two- and the three-scale separation, respectively, is described, one of them in the form of a Finite Element Method (FEM) and the other one in the form of a Finite Volume Method (FVM). Respective numerical examples illustrate the suitability of both variants of the VMM for the numerical simulation of turbulent flows.
The balance between under- and over-immunosuppression after heart transplantation with emphasis on acute cellular rejection and chronic kidney disease. Experiences from Skåne University Hospital in Lund 1988-2010

Background and aims:Heart transplantation (HT) constitutes the ultimate treatment choice for end-stage heart failure. Following HT, patients require life-long immunosuppressive treatment to prevent allograft rejection. Although survival has steadily increased over the last few decades, issues related to under- and over-immunosuppression remain common and continue to represent one of the most important limiting factors for long-term outcome. This important act of balance is also a major reason for the debate on whether or not newly available generic immunosuppressants, which may provide economic advantages, should be introduced.HTs have been performed at Skane University Hospital in Lund (SUS-Lund) since 1988. Since the beginning of the transplant program, patients have undergone extensive follow-up including renal function measurements using the iohexol clearance method, and endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) to detect acute cellular rejection (ACR). The present thesis consists of four papers. Paper I-III aimed to study the incidence, predictors and outcome of ACR and chronic kidney disease (CKD) after HT – two of the most relevant issues related to the balance between under- and over-immunosuppression. An additional aim was to evaluate two guideline recommended glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations in HT patients (CKD-EPI and Schwartz formulae). Lastly, paper IV investigated the safety and efficacy of switching to two generic immunosuppressants, namely Myfenax Teva® and Tacrolimus Sandoz®. Methods:All papers were retrospective in design. Paper I-III were based on all 215 HT patients followed at SUS-Lund 1988-2010, whereas paper IV concerned a smaller cohort of 55 patients.Results:The frequency and severity of ACR was low and decreased with time post-HT. The findings however indicated that late (>1 year) more often than early (<1 year) ACR remains undetected, and that both types of ACR influence outcome. CKD was moreover common and appeared to have a negative impact on survival. Interestingly, the results also indicated that the CKD-EPI and Schwartz formulae both overestimate GFR in HT patients and thus could lead to diagnostic delay if solely relied upon. In paper IV, data reassuringly indicated that switching to Myfenax Teva® and/or Tacrolimus Sandoz® several years post-HT appeared safe, at least in the short-term perspective.Conclusions:The present thesis, focusing on the HT population at SUS-Lund 1988-2010, provides a useful in-depth overview on the incidence, predictors, and outcome of two of the most relevant issues related to the difficult balance between under- and over-immunosuppression after HT – namely ACR and CKD. Valuable initial experience on the conversion from branded to generic immunosuppressants is also presented.
Quantitative digital subtraction radiography in the assessment of external apical root resorption induced by orthodontic therapy: a retrospective study.

AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate density changes around the apices of teeth during orthodontic treatment by using digital subtraction radiography to measure the densities around six teeth (maxilla central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines) before and after orthodontic treatment in 36 patients and also assess treatment variables and their coorelation with root resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 consecutive patient files were selected initially. The selected patients presented with a class I or II relationship and were treated with or without premolar extractions and fixed appliances. Some class II patients were treated additionally with extraoral forces or functional appliances. External apical root resorption (EARR) per tooth in millimeters was calculated and was also expressed as a percentage of the original root length. Image reconstruction and subtraction were performed using the software Regeemy Image Registration and Mosaicing (version 0.2.43-RCB, DPI-INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil) by a single operator. A region of interest (ROI) was defined in the apical third of the root and density calibration was made in Image J® using enamel (gray value = 255) as reference in the same image. The mean gray values in the ROIs were reflective of the change in the density values between the two images. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The root resorption of the tooth and the factors of malocclusion were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA. An independent t-test was performed to compare the mean amount of resorption between male and female, between extraction and nonextraction cases. The density changes after orthodontic treatment were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signedrank test. In addition, the density changes in different teeth were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The cut-off for statistical significance was a p-value of 0.05. All the statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS (version 13.0 for Windows, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Gender, the age at which treatment was started and Angle's classification was not statistically related with observed root resorption. The mean percentage density reduction as assessed by DSR was greatest in both central incisor: by 27.2 and 25.2% in the upper-right and upper-left central incisors, respectively, followed by the upper-right and upper-left canine teeth (23.5 and 21.0%) and then the upper-right and upper-left lateral incisors (19.1 and 17.4%). CONCLUSION Tooth extraction prior to treatment initiation and the duration of orthodontic treatment was positively correlated with the amount of root resorption. DSR is useful for evaluating density changes around teeth during orthodontic treatment. The density around the apices of teeth reduced significantly after the application of orthodontic forces during treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Assessment of density changes on treatment radiographs of patients undergoing orthodontic therapy may help in the monitoring of external apical root resorption during course of treatment.
Injuries to the Semilunar Cartilages of the Knee in Miners

Comprehensive records of 957 meniscectomies, over a period of 30 months, were obtained from five hospitals in one of the largest British coalfields. Corresponding records of 1,075 appendicectomies were collected and used as reference. The combined data provided conclusive evidence that the rate of meniscectomy was very much higher among miners than among other men. The proportions of bucket handle cartilage tears, which are a severe handicap to any individual, whether miner or not, and of other tears were very similar for miners and for others, in the various hospitals. This suggests that miners are more likely than others to suffer cartilage damage of any type. Information was also obtained by interviewing some 200 of the miners on whom meniscectomy had been performed. This included the normal attitude at work, the attitude and activity at the time of the incident leading to the tear of the cartilage, and the mechanism of the first incident. It was clear that cartilage tears were more common in miners who knelt at work although, as often as not, the tear actually occurred when the man was walking. From an examination of 80 consecutive patients, laxity of the knee joint was shown to result from kneeling at work. This appeared to be the initiating factor in the majority of cartilage tears, because it renders the knee more unstable and the menisci more liable to injury when rotational strains are put on the joint. External rotation of the leg on the knee, combined with abduction, when in an upright posture, appeared to be the major factor in producing tears of the medical cartilage; tears of the lateral cartilage, which were much less frequent, appeared to be caused mainly by internal rotation combined with adduction. Measures of “good housekeeping” in maintaining better walking surfaces are very likely to reduce the number of knee cartilage injuries, by reducing the risk of stumbling and slipping. They should also reduce the incidence of other knee injuries and ligamentous strain, which between them cause a substantial proportion of mining injuries.