Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
peIF4E as an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in diffuse infiltrating astrocytomas

Malignant transformation in tumors is a complex process requiring accumulation of numerous oncogenic abnormalities. Brain tumors show considerable phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. In a series comprising diffuse infiltrating astrocytomas (DIA) and reactive gliosis, we investigated the main factors associated with signaling pathways. We assessed expression levels and their association with tumor progression and survival. We studied 19 grade II astrocytomas, 25 anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III), 60 glioblastomas (grade IV), and 15 cases of reactive gliosis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), pMAPK, 4E‐BP1, p4E‐BP1, pS6, eIF4E, and peIF4E expression levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were semiquantitatively evaluated using a histoscore. Immunohistochemistry and PCR were used for IDH1 mutations. Statistical analysis was based on the following tests: chi‐square, Student's t, Pearson correlation, Spearman's rho, and Mann–Whitney; ROC and Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed. A significant increase was observed between grades for expression of total and phosphorylated 4E‐BP1 and for eIF4E, Ki67, EGFR, and cyclin D1. Although expression of EGFR, eIF4E, and Ki67 correlated with survival, only peIF4E was an independent predictor of survival in the multivariate analysis. Combining the evaluation of different proteins enables us to generate helpful diagnostic nomograms. In conclusion, cell signaling pathways are activated in DIAs; peIF4E is an independent prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target. Joint analysis of the expression of 4E‐BP1 and peIF4E could be helpful in the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme in small biopsy samples.
Parental psychopathology, multiple contextual risks, and one-year outcomes in children.

Developing competence within families where mothers had diagnosed psychopathology was examined in 123 14-month-old children. Categorical diagnosis, depression symptom severity, functional impairment, and multiple contextual risks were measured. These multiple risks included family functioning and composition, home environment, social status indicators, maternal illness, and adverse events. Overall social competence measured during two laboratory visits was best predicted by multiple contextual risks, less so by nonspecific illness variables, and not by categorical diagnosis. In contrast, attachment classification was related only to presence of major depression. These findings point to the importance of examining different aspects of maternal mental illness in social context, and that maternal illness is not universally associated with adverse child outcomes on all measures.
Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation Open Access Quantitative Gait Analysis under Dual-task in Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Reliability Study

Background: Reliability of quantitative gait assessment while dual-tasking (walking while doing a secondary task such as talking) in people with cognitive impairment is unknown. Dual-tasking gait assessment is becoming highly important for mobility research with older adults since better reflects their performance in the basic activities of daily living. Our purpose was to establish the test-retest reliability of assessing quantitative gait variables using an electronic walkway in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) under single and dual-task conditions.
A review of research on student teachers' professional identity

This article presents a review of 29 empirical studies to identify the main foci of research on student teachers' identity, the methodologies used and their major findings. The reviewed studies were found to investigate four broad factors: the contribution of: (1) reflective activities, (2) learning communities, (3) context and (4) (prior) experiences. Reflective practices and interviews were found to be mainly used by researchers as data collection tools and the findings were mainly reported to be changes in components of student teachers' identity, including their cognitive knowledge, sense of agency and voice. Questions raised in this review and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells

Stem cell transplantation represents a critical approach for the treatment of many malignant and non‐malignant diseases. The foundation for these approaches is the ability to cryopreserve marrow cells for future use. This technique is routinely employed in all autologous settings and is critical for cord blood transplantation. A variety of cryopreservatives have been used with multiple freezing and thawing techniques as outlined in the later chapters. Freezing efficiency has been proven repeatedly and the ability of long‐term stored marrow to repopulate has been established. Standard approaches outlined here are used in many labs as the field continues to evolve. Am. J. Hematol. , 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental Disclosures-Financial Performance Link : Further Evidence From Industrialising Economy Perspective

Rapid industrialisation and recent haze conditions caused by forest fires in Indonesia have heightened awareness among Singaporeans of the need to maintain a cleaner and safer environment. Yet the discretion of Singapore companies to make environmental disclosures in the annual reports results in significant variations in the extent and types of disclosures. Previous Singapore studies, already quite limited, addressed corporate social responsibility and social disclosures in general. This study therefore investigates the relationship between environmental disclosures and financial performance using a sample of potentially polluting publicly-listed companies in Singapore. The issue is examined from several perspectives: (a) if there is any difference in financial performance between disclosing and non-disclosing companies of environmental information, (b) whether extent of environmental disclosure can be linked to financial performance, and (c) if there is any impact of prior financial performance on subsequent environmental disclosures, and vice versa. Results showed that a positive link existed although the evidence was less strong for the impact of environmental disclosures on subsequent financial performance. All null hypotheses were rejected. This finding should encourage Singapore companies to increase the content of their environmental reporting in annual reports. This is important in order to expose pollution-prone companies to a wider spectrum of stakeholders on their role to achieve a cleaner and greener environment. The annual report is the most easily accessible source in Singapore to convey corporate activities and intentions, in the absence of any non-profit organisations like in the United States which regularly publish information on the social performance of companies. _____________________________________________________________________________________ All correspondence should be addressed to the first author at e-mail address: ahyteoh@ntu.edu. sg.
Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals.

Preface - Gregory M Herek Unassuming Motivations - Karen Franklin Contextualizing the Narratives of Antigay Assailants Homophobia in the Courtroom - Drury Sherrod and Peter M Nardi An Assessment of Biases against Gay Men and Lesbians in a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Potential Jurors Do Heterosexual Women and Men Differ in Their Attitudes toward Homosexuality? A Conceptual and Methodological Analysis - Mary E Kite and Bernard E Whitley Jr The Relationship between Stereotypes of and Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gays - Angela Simon Authoritarianism, Values and the Favorability and Structure of Anti-Gay Attitudes - Geoffrey Haddock and Mark P Zanna Civil Liberties, Civil Rights and Stigma - Douglas Alan Strand Voter Attitudes and Behavior in the Politics of Homosexuality Minority Stress among Lesbians, Gay Men and Bisexuals - Joanne Diplacido A Consequence of Heterosexism, Homophobia and Stigmatization Internalized Homophobia, Intimacy and Sexual Behavior among Gay and Bisexual Men - Ilan H Meyer and Laura Dean Developmental Implications of Victimization of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Youths - Anthony R D'Augelli The Postmodern Family - Andrew McLeod and Isiaah Crawford An Examination of the Psychosocial and Legal Perspectives of Gay and Lesbian Parenting Bad Science in the Service of Stigma - Greogory M Herek A Critique of the Cameron Group's Survey Studies
A posteriori pointwise error estimation for compressible fluid flows using adjoint parameters and Lagrange remainder

The pointwise error of a finite-difference calculation of supersonic flow is discussed. The local truncation error is determined by a Taylor series with the remainder being in a Lagrange form. The contribution of the local truncation error to the total pointwise approximation error is estimated via adjoint parameters. It is demonstrated by numerical tests that the results of the numerical calculation of gasdynamics parameter at an observation point may be refined and an error bound may be estimated. The results of numerical tests for the case of parabolized NavierStokes (PNS) are presented as an illustration of the proposed method.
Sample size in cluster‐randomized trials with time to event as the primary endpoint

In cluster‐randomized trials, groups of individuals (clusters) are randomized to the treatments or interventions to be compared. In many of those trials, the primary objective is to compare the time for an event to occur between randomized groups, and the shared frailty model well fits clustered time‐to‐event data. Members of the same cluster tend to be more similar than members of different clusters, causing correlations. As correlations affect the power of a trial to detect intervention effects, the clustered design has to be considered in planning the sample size. In this publication, we derive a sample size formula for clustered time‐to‐event data with constant marginal baseline hazards and correlation within clusters induced by a shared frailty term. The sample size formula is easy to apply and can be interpreted as an extension of the widely used Schoenfeld's formula, accounting for the clustered design of the trial. Simulations confirm the validity of the formula and its use also for non‐constant marginal baseline hazards. Findings are illustrated on a cluster‐randomized trial investigating methods of disseminating quality improvement to addiction treatment centers in the USA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Herschel -ATLAS/GAMA: dusty early-type galaxies and passive spirals

We present the dust properties and star formation histories of local submillimetre-selected galaxies, classified by optical morphology. Most of the galaxies are late types and very few are early types. The early-type galaxies (ETGs) that are detected contain as much dust as typical spirals, and form a unique sample that has been blindly selected at submillimetre wavelengths. Additionally, we investigate the properties of the most passive, dusty spirals. Wemorphologically classify 1087 galaxies detected in theHerschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) Science Demonstration Phase data. Comparing to a control Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. †E-mail: ppxkr@nottingham.ac. uk C © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society C © 2011 RAS at he A usralian N aonal U niersity on M rch 2, 2013 hp://m nras.oxjournals. org/ D ow naded rom 2546 K. Rowlands et al. sample of optically selected galaxies, we find 5.5 per cent of luminous ETGs are detected in H-ATLAS. The H-ATLAS ETGs contain a significant mass of cold dust: the mean dust mass is 5.5 × 107 M , with individual galaxies ranging from 9 × 105 to 4 × 108 M . This is comparable to that of spiral galaxies in our sample, and is an order of magnitude more dust than that found for the control early-types, which have a median dust mass inferred from stacking of (0.8–4.0) × 106 M for a cold dust temperature of 25–15K. The early-types detected in H-ATLAS tend to have bluer NUV − r colours, higher specific star formation rates and younger stellar populations than early-types which are optically selected, and may be transitioning from the blue cloud to the red sequence. We also find that H-ATLAS and control early-types inhabit similar low-density environments. We investigate whether the observed dust in H-ATLAS early-types is from evolved stars, or has been acquired from external sources through interactions and mergers. We conclude that the dust in H-ATLAS and control ETGs cannot be solely from stellar sources, and a large contribution from dust formed in the interstellar medium or external sources is required. Alternatively, dust destruction may not be as efficient as predicted. We also explore the properties of the most passive spiral galaxies in our sample with specific star formation rate (SSFR) < 10−11 yr−1. We find these passive spirals have lower dust-to-stellar mass ratios, higher stellar masses and older stellar population ages than normal spirals. The passive spirals inhabit low-density environments similar to those of the normal spiral galaxies in our sample. This shows that the processes which turn spirals passive do not occur solely in the intermediate-density environments of group and cluster outskirts.
Characterization of the Interaction and Cross-Regulation of Three Mycobacterium tuberculosis RelBE Modules

RelBE represents a typical bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, the pathogen responsible for human tuberculosis, contains three RelBE-like modules, RelBE, RelFG, and RelJK, which are at least partly expressed in human macrophages during infection. RelBE modules appear to be autoregulated in an atypical manner compared to other TA systems; however, the molecular mechanisms and potential interactions between different RelBE modules remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we characterized the interaction and cross-regulation of these Rel toxin-antitoxin modules from this unique pathogen. The physical interactions between the three pairs of RelBE proteins were confirmed and the DNA-binding domain recognized by three RelBE-like pairs and domain structure characteristics were described. The three RelE-like proteins physically interacted with the same RelB-like protein, and could conditionally regulate its binding with promoter DNA. The RelBE-like modules exerted complex cross-regulation effects on mycobacterial growth. The relB antitoxin gene could replace relF in cross-neutralizing the relG toxin gene. Conversely, relF enhanced the toxicity of the relE toxin gene, while relB increased the toxicity of relK. This is the first report of interactions between different pairs of RelBE modules of M. tuberculosis.
Spontaneous Descemet Membrane Detachment 20 Years After Penetrating Keratoplasty for Keratoconus

Purpose: To report 2 cases of spontaneous Descemet membrane (DM) detachment 20 years after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 2 patients was performed. Results: Two male patients—ages 59 and 50—presented 21 and 25 years, respectively, after uncomplicated penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus, complaining of foreign body sensation. Best-corrected vision was 20/40 and 20/30, respectively. For both patients, slit-lamp examination revealed peripheral corneal thinning and steepening and temporal peripheral microcystic edema of the graft without any sign of rejection. Subsequent anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated a DM detachment localized to the area of the corneal edema. One patient's DM failed to reattach after anterior chamber air injection and he then underwent successful Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with resultant best-corrected vision of 20/20. The other patient failed mechanical incision at the graft–host interface with air injection for possible retrocorneal membrane and then successfully underwent a sequential cataract and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with visual acuity of 20/30. Conclusions: Spontaneous DM detachment more than 2 decades after uncomplicated penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus is a previously unrecognized entity. Novel imaging modalities such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography should be used to identify this clinically difficult to detect etiology of microcystic corneal edema. The cause of DM detachment is unclear, but it may be because of mechanical forces from a retrocorneal membrane or from progressive keratoconus leading to peripheral host corneal steepening and thinning.
Effects of need for closure on creativity in small group interactions

Three experiments investigated the consequences of the epistemic motivation toward closure on the emergence of creative interactions in small groups. In the first study, need for closure was manipulated via time pressure. Results showed that in groups under high need for closure (i.e. under time pressure) the percentage of creative acts during group discussion was reduced. The second study replicated this result using an individual differences operationalization of the need for closure. In the third study, groups composed of individuals high (versus low) in need for closure performed less creatively, and exhibited less ideational fluidity during group interaction. Moreover, it was demonstrated that conformity pressure mediates the negative relationship between dispositional need for closure and group creativity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malaria transmission in the vicinity of impounded water: evidence from the Koka Reservoir, Ethiopia

The publications in this series cover a wide range of subjects—from computer modeling to experience with water user associations—and vary in content from directly applicable research to more basic studies, on which applied work ultimately depends. Some research reports are narrowly focused, analytical and detailed empirical studies; others are wide-ranging and synthetic overviews of generic problems. Although most of the reports are published by IWMI staff and their collaborators, we welcome contributions from others. Each report is reviewed internally by IWMI's own staff and Fellows, and by external reviewers. The reports are published and distributed both in hard copy and electronically (www.iwmi.org) and where possible all data and analyses will be available as separate downloadable files. Reports may be copied freely and cited with due acknowledgment. About IWMI IWMI's mission is to improve the management of land and water resources for food, livelihoods and environment. In serving this mission, IWMI concentrates on the integration of policies, technologies and management systems to achieve workable solutions to real problems—practical, relevant results in the field of irrigation and water and land resources. both at the subregional office for the Nile Basin and East Africa of IWMI in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Jonathan Lautze is a postdoctoral fellow specializing in transboundary water management and water and health, currently based at IWMI HQ Colombo, Sri Lanka (Email: j.lautze@cgiar.org). Gayathree Jayasinghe is a researcher (biometrician) formerly at the subregional office for the Nile Basin and East Africa of IWMI in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, currently an independent consultant based in Sri Lanka that the organization is acknowledged and kept informed in all such instances. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Beyene Petros, Paul Kirshen, Richard Pollack and Eline Boelee for their advice; and Tesfaye Abebe, Lemma Regassa and Asegid Taye for considerable assistance with the fieldwork and in the laboratory. They are also grateful to the late Andrew Spielman for the role he played during the early stages of this study. About the CPWF Water scarcity is one of the most pressing issues facing humanity today. The Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF), an initiative of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), contributes to efforts of the international community to ensure global diversions of water to agriculture are maintained at the level of the year 2000. It is a multi-institutional research initiative that aims to increase water productivity for agriculture-that is, to change the …
Knowledge and Confidence in Knowledge About Climate Change Among Experts, Journalists, Politicians, and Laypersons

Knowledge and confidence in one's own knowledge of climate change was investigated among experts, journalists, politicians, and laypersons. Subsamples of 65 experts, 72 environmental journalists, 145 politicians being chairs of environmental committees, and 621 laypersons in Sweden responded to survey questions concerning current climate state, causes, and consequences of climate change. Experts presented the highest level of knowledge, followed by journalists, politicians, and laypersons. In all the groups, knowledge of causes was greater than that of climate state and of future consequences, and among the latter knowledge was less of health consequences than that of weather and sea/glacier consequences. Also, experts expressed the highest level of confidence in their own knowledge, followed by journalists, politicians, and laypersons. Nevertheless, the adjustment of confidence in one's own knowledge to actual knowledge was somewhat higher among journalists than among experts.
Intimacy Status and Couple Communication

Based on Erikson's theory that successful resolution of the intimacy vs. isolation crisis results in the enhancement of one's capacity to maintain close relationships, it was hypothesized that a fully developed capacity for intimacy would affect the depth of a person's self-disclosure to his or her romantic partner. A sample of 49 couples ranging in age from 22 to 57 completed an intimacy status interview, the Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire (JSDQ), a relationship satisfaction measure, and were videotaped while discussing topics of varying levels of privacy from the JSDQ. Those with full (Intimate status) vs. partial (Merger and Pseudointimate statuses) resolutions to the intimacy crisis were best differentiated by their JSDQ scores and their satisfaction scores. Couples' analyses indicated that the individual's own intimacy status, plus the combined intimacy statuses of the partners in the couple, together best predicted both partners' self-disclosure and the male partner's satisfaction with the relationship. Intimate status females were most positive in the videotaped dialogue when their partners were also in the Intimate status. Results were interpreted as supporting Erikson's theory.
The challenges of planning language objectives in content-based ESL instruction

The purpose of this research was to investigate the major patterns in content-based instruction (CBI) lesson plans among practicum teachers at the final stage of an MA TESOL program. One hundred and seven lesson plans were coded according to a typology developed to evaluate clarity and identify areas of potential difficulty in the design of content and language objectives by TESOL teacher candidates for use in PreK–12 ESL classrooms. Participants in our study tended to have more difficulty in designing language objectives than content objectives. There was also a tendency to write language objectives that focused heavily on the four language skills and on vocabulary, and considerably less often on grammatical structures, functions, or language learning strategies.