Perceptions of Obese African American Women Regarding Altering Traditional Soul Food Preparation

Perceptions of Obese African American Women Regarding Altering Traditional Soul Food Preparation by Patricia Ann Young MA, Chicago State University, 1999 BA, Alcorn State University, 1982 Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology Health Psychology Walden University May 2018 Abstract The obesity epidemic continues to be a major concern in the United States. The World Health Organization reported that 1.4 billion adults were either obese or overweight. African American (AA) women have the highest incidence of obesity worldwide. The obesity rate among AAs has continued to rise over the past 2 decades. The problem is that AA women prepare and consume high caloric foods that contribute to obesity. This qualitative descriptive study explored the perceptions that obese AA women have about altering how they prepare soul food to make it a healthier soul food. The empowerment model and the health belief model were used to frame this study. Data were collected using a non-probability purposeful sampling strategy. The sample for this study consisted of 4 focus groups with 6-7 obese AA women (n = 25) who prepare and consume high caloric soul foods and have a body mass index of 30 and above. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative analysis and NVivo 11 computer software. It was found that obese AA women were willing to alter their traditional soul food preparation only if it tastes good. It was also found that participants would maintain new healthier eating behaviors depending on the taste, availability of recipes to use, low cost of healthy ingredients, accessibility of the ingredients, learning how to substitute various herbs and spices, and amount of food waste. Barriers that could limit participation in an intervention designed to develop healthier eating habits were identified as ignorance and laziness, transportation issues, lack of motivation, lack of education, lack of time, noThe obesity epidemic continues to be a major concern in the United States. The World Health Organization reported that 1.4 billion adults were either obese or overweight. African American (AA) women have the highest incidence of obesity worldwide. The obesity rate among AAs has continued to rise over the past 2 decades. The problem is that AA women prepare and consume high caloric foods that contribute to obesity. This qualitative descriptive study explored the perceptions that obese AA women have about altering how they prepare soul food to make it a healthier soul food. The empowerment model and the health belief model were used to frame this study. Data were collected using a non-probability purposeful sampling strategy. The sample for this study consisted of 4 focus groups with 6-7 obese AA women (n = 25) who prepare and consume high caloric soul foods and have a body mass index of 30 and above. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative analysis and NVivo 11 computer software. It was found that obese AA women were willing to alter their traditional soul food preparation only if it tastes good. It was also found that participants would maintain new healthier eating behaviors depending on the taste, availability of recipes to use, low cost of healthy ingredients, accessibility of the ingredients, learning how to substitute various herbs and spices, and amount of food waste. Barriers that could limit participation in an intervention designed to develop healthier eating habits were identified as ignorance and laziness, transportation issues, lack of motivation, lack of education, lack of time, no incentives, and bad reviews. Perceptions of Obese African American Women Regarding Altering Traditional Soul Food Preparation by Patricia Ann Young MA, Chicago State University, 1999 BA, Alcorn State University, 1982 Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology Health Psychology Walden University May 2018 Acknowledgments Writing a dissertation is a long and horrendous endeavor, and it takes a lot of people to see the dissertation process through. First, I would like to thank God. He is the head of my life as well as my Father, friend, and comforter. Second, I would like to thank my dear sweet sister, Dr. Myralynn Catchings, who kept me grounded, alert, and on task daily throughout this process. She prayed with me, sang with me, and provided me with unlimited access to her for advice. I would like to acknowledge all the staff and faculty at Walden University who were patience with me and provided excellent support and advice throughout the dissertation process. I want to particularly acknowledge Dr. Diane Blyler, my committee chair. I just thank God for her. Despite all the challenges and frustrated efforts between us, I am so thankful she did not give up on me. Dr. Matthew Howren, my committee member, I thank you for enthusiastically saying yes that you would be my committee member. To my academic advisor, Gabriel Valdovinos, I thank you for always being positive and having a kind word to say. In addition, I would like to thank my University Research Reviewer, Dr. Andre Goldstein and Dr. Lee M. Stadtlander for supporting me and being willing to help me complete the dissertation process. I would like to thank Mrs. Pamela Brazelton-Sykes, Mrs. Michelle Berkley-Wright, Mrs. Shirley Blissitt, and Dr. Amy Sickel for their enduring support. To my son, Tyrik, please know that with men, things are impossible; but with God, all things are possible. Trust in the Lord with all your heart; and lean not unto your own understanding. A wise man will hear and will increase his learning, and a man of understanding shall attain wise counsels. You are now a man; therefore, put away childish things and walk boldly into your future with love and kindness. I love you always. Dedication This research is dedicated to professional healthcare workers and other researchers who work diligently to find a solution which address the global obesity epidemic. This research will be used as a guide to develop interventions and programs that will help African Americans to understand the value of eating the foods they love in a healthy manner. I would be remiss to not recognize the contributions that the first Lady, Michelle Obama made towards combating childhood obesity. Today, school children are able to eat nutritious meals and hopefully help them to develop an active and healthy lifestyle. Finally, I dedicate this dissertation to my son, Tyrik and I encourage him to continue the legacy of excellence in education, health, and empowering others to enhance their quality of life. As you pursue your doctorate in physical therapy, remain focused and pray.