Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aircraft trajectory simulator using a three degrees of freedom aircraft point mass model

Aircraft Operators Companies (AOCs) are always willing to keep the cost of a flight as low as possible. These costs could be modelled using a function of the fuel consumption, time of flight and fixed cost (over flight cost, maintenance, etc.). These are strongly dependant on the atmospheric conditions, the presence of winds and the aircraft performance. For this reason, much research effort is being put in the development of numerical and graphical techniques for defining the optimal trajectory. This paper presents a different approach to accommodate AOCs preferences, adding value to their activities, through the development of a tool, called aircraft trajectory simulator. This tool is able to simulate the actual flight of an aircraft with the constraints imposed. The simulator is based on a point mass model of the aircraft. The aim of this paper is to evaluate 3DoF aircraft model errors with BADA data through real data from Flight Data Recorder FDR. Therefore, to validate the proposed simulation tool a comparative analysis of the state variables vector is made between an actual flight and the same flight using the simulator. Finally, an example of a cruise phase is presented, where a conventional levelled flight is compared with a continuous climb flight. The comparison results show the potential benefits of following user-preferred routes for commercial flights.
One-loop MHV amplitudes in supersymmetric gauge theories

Using CSW rules for constructing scalar Feynman diagrams from MHV vertices, we compute the contribution of = 1 chiral multiplet to one-loop MHV gluon amplitude. The result agrees with the one obtained previously using unitarity-based methods, thereby demonstrating the validity of the MHV-diagram technique, in the case of one-loop MHV amplitudes, for all massless supersymmetric theories.
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Italian Internet Addiction Test

Since the diffusion of Internet addiction has emerged in several cultural contexts, it seems relevant to study the properties of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT)-the most widely used screening instrument-across various cultures. In Italy, only one study has examined the IAT factor validity, and a comprehensive investigation of its psychometric characteristics is so far lacking. The purpose of this study was to perform a psychometric analysis of the Italian IAT. A total of 840 students (Mage=18.65 years, SD=3.85 years; 59% female) were recruited. Pertaining to scale dimensionality, the best-fit measurement model includes two factors: "Emotional and cognitive preoccupations with the Internet and social consequences" and "Loss of control and interference with daily duties" (χ(2)/df=3.38; comparative fit index=0.88; Tucker-Lewis Index=0.87; root mean square error of approximation=0.07), which together explained 45.59% of the variance. Internal consistency Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.83 to 0.86. Convergent validity was demonstrated, with significant correlations between IAT and Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 scores. The Italian version of the IAT was found to have good psychometric properties and a two-factorial structure. Identification of the IAT dimensions may help to define the construct better and develop intervention strategies.
The Role of miR-378a in Metabolism, Angiogenesis, and Muscle Biology

MicroRNA-378a (miR-378a, previously known as miR-378) is one of the small noncoding RNA molecules able to regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Its two mature strands, miR-378a-3p and miR-378a-5p, originate from the first intron of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta (ppargc1b) gene encoding PGC-1β. Embedding in the sequence of this transcriptional regulator of oxidative energy metabolism implies involvement of miR-378a in metabolic pathways, mitochondrial energy homeostasis, and related biological processes such as muscle development, differentiation, and regeneration. On the other hand, modulating the expression of proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, or interleukin-8, influencing inflammatory reaction, and affecting tumor suppressors, such as SuFu and Fus-1, miR-378a is considered as a part of an angiogenic network in tumors. In the latter, miR-378a can evoke broader actions by enhancing cell survival, reducing apoptosis, and promoting cell migration and invasion. This review describes the current knowledge on miR-378a linking oxidative/lipid metabolism, muscle biology, and blood vessel formation.
Studying international migration in the long(er) and short(er) durée: Contesting some and reconciling other disagreements between the structuration and morphogenesis approaches

This paper contests some and reconciles other disagreements between the structuration and morphogenesis theories – two approaches in present-day sociology which aim at bridging the macro–micro gap in social theorizing, but whose advocates have been either indifferent to or openly at odds with each other, instead of engaging in a close intellectual collaboration. The empirical illustrations of my arguments come from local statistical surveys and ethnographic studies conducted in Polish villages from the onset to the decline of mass transatlantic migration in the period 1870s–1930s.
Language sample analysis: development of a valid language assessment tool and determining the reliability of outcome measures for Farsi-speaking children

Abstract The present study determined how to elicit language samples from Farsi-speaking children, which language measures should be analysed, and whether these analyses are reliable. Two valid sets of picture stories were developed to elicit the language samples. Language measures were chosen by a panel of experts and the reliability of the measures was verified by test–retest reliability. The subjects were children 5–6 years of age (N = 30) who told stories twice at a 7–10 day interval. The results of inter-rater reliability showed that consistency of measurement was high for the transcription and analysis of the stories. The results of test–retest reliability showed there was a correlation between most variables in the longer samples (p < .05). This study demonstrates that language ability can be more reliably assessed when longer language samples are collected.
Measurements of rat and mouse gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue, and implications for in‐vivo experiments

To use rodent models effectively in in‐vivo investigations on oral drug and vaccine delivery, the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract must be understood. Some fundamental information is currently unavailable or incomplete. We have investigated the pH, water content and lymphoid tissue distribution along the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the stomach volume, as these were critical to our investigations on pH‐responsive drug delivery and colonic vaccination. The observed values were compared with those in man as an indication of the validity of the rodent model. The mouse stomach pH was 3.0 (fed) and 4.0 (fasted), and the corresponding values in the rat were 3.2 (fed) and 3.9 (fasted). The mean intestinal pH was lower than that in man (< pH 5.2 in the mouse; < pH 6.6 in the rat). This brings into question the use of rodents in investigations on enteric‐coated drug carriers targeted to the large intestine/distal gut. The water content in the gastrointestinal tract in the fed and fasted mouse was 0.98 ± 0.4 and 0.81 ± 1.3 mL, respectively, and in the fed and fasted rat was 7.8 ± 1.5 and 3.2 ± 1.8 mL. When normalized for body weight, there was more water per kg body weight in the gastrointestinal tracts of the mouse and rat, than in man. The stomach capacity was found to be approximately 0.4 and 3.4 mL for mice and rats, respectively. The low fluid volume and stomach capacity have implications for the testing of solid dosage forms in these animal models. Substantial amounts of lymphoid tissue analagous to small intestinal Peyer's patches were measured in the rat and mouse colon, showing the feasibility of colonic vaccination, a route which might prove to have different applications to the more commonly studied oral vaccines. The existence of lymphoid tissue in the mouse and rat caecum has also been reported.
Laparoscopic Cystogastrostomy for Pancreatic Pseudocyst: A Case Report

A 49-year-old man with a history of acute pancreatitis was hospitalized with a diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging all demonstrated a homogeneous cyst, 9 × 4 cm in size, at the tail of the pancreas without mural nodules or septa. Because an intestinal structure was identified between the cyst and stomach preoperatively by computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasonography, laparoscopic cystogastrostomy was carried out instead of percutaneous or endoscopic cyst drainage. The cyst was exposed by dissecting the lesser omentum and found to have no adhesion to the surrounding tissues. Anastomosis was performed using an endoscopic linear stapler via small cystotomy and gastrotomy openings on the lesser curvature, which were then sutured laparoscopically. The postoperative course was uneventful. Laparoscopic surgery is recommended as a safe, reliable, and minimally invasive treatment for managing pancreatic pseudocyst.
Validation of a tool assessing appropriateness of hospital days in rehabilitation centres.

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a list of objective criteria to assess the appropriateness of hospital days for patients admitted to rehabilitation centres and sub-acute care units. DESIGN Sixteen appropriateness criteria were defined by a multidisciplinary panel of 33 experts using a formalized consensus method. A single ticked criterion classifies the hospital day as appropriate. Reliability was studied by measuring concordance between two independent and simultaneous ratings using the instrument. External validity was tested by comparing conclusions derived from the instrument with the individual judgements of one, two or three experts on the same random sample of hospital days. PARTICIPANTS The assessment on these criteria was performed on a randomized sample of 406 hospital days from 17 French wards. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Inter-rater reliability and external validity were evaluated using the kappa statistic and prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK). RESULTS The inter-rater reliability test showed a kappa-value of 0.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.63-0.78] and a PABAK of 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.83). There was a good agreement between the conclusions reached using the instrument and the individual judgements of experts with a kappa coefficient of 0.42 (95% CI 0.35-0.50) and a PABAK of 0.60 (95% CI 0.52-0.67). CONCLUSIONS The instrument is reliable and valid for assessing appropriateness of hospital days in rehabilitation centres and sub-acute care units. The next step in this study is the development of a tool for the analysis of causes of inappropriateness.
Riboflavin Deficiency Induces Ocular Surface Damage

Purpose: To examine the conjunctiva and cornea of riboflavin-deficient rats with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopes. Materials and Methods: Three-week-old Wistar Kyoto rats were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet (0.05 mg riboflavin/100 g) for 3 months. As a recovery experiment, rats which had been on a riboflavin-deficient diet for 3 months were given water with 1 mg riboflavin/300 ml for 2 months. The conjunctiva and the cornea were examined with SEM and TEM. Results: The serum riboflavin level was significantly lower in the riboflavin-deficient group than in the controls. In rats on a riboflavin-deficient diet for 3 months, SEM showed decreased microvilli and microplicae in the superficial epithelium of the conjunctiva and a decrease in the number of goblet cells. The cornea showed many dark cells and a marked decrease of microvilli and microplicae. In the riboflavin-deficient rats, TEM of the conjunctiva showed a decrease of microvilli and microplicae in the most superficial epithelial cells, a decrease in the layers of the epithelium and a marked decrease in the number of goblet cells, while the cornea had decreased microvilli and microplicae in the superficial epithelium, dark wing cells, loss of the basement membrane and hemidesmosomes of basal cells, cell debris and degenerative stroma cells and deposits of dense bodies in the subepithelial layer of the stroma. In rats recovered from riboflavin deficiency, the conjunctiva and cornea showed no abnormalities. Discussion: Riboflavin plays a role in the development and maintenance of the surface structures of epithelial cells. Riboflavin may also be necessary for the development and maintenance of goblet cells. Conclusion: Riboflavin is essential for maintaining the structure and function of the ocular surface.
Food, feeding and the material everyday geographies of infants: possibilities and potentials

Abstract This paper forges an agenda for researching geographies of infants. Scholars have tended to overlook the everyday geographies of very young children. However, outside of geography, infancy is seen as a specifically dynamic period of life, and is subject to sustained research and policy intervention. In particular, early childhood is viewed as a key point in which to intervene to transform enduring, interconnected, societal, educational, and health-based inequalities. Food and feeding are seen as critical both to the health of infants now and of the children and adults they become . However, much policy and research under-theorizes the importance of socio-spatial contexts and the subjectivity/agency of infants. There is, then, an urgent need for geographers to put infants onto the agenda, to inform and challenge these dominant accounts. Researching with infants necessitates not just critiquing modern, liberal notions of an autonomous subject/agent, but developing a new way of understanding subjectivity and agency. Drawing upon Lupton’s (2013) notion of infant–carer interembodiment, I suggest a way forward with reference to the material geographies of infant feeding.
Mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase are susceptible to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

PURPOSE Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of inflammatory tissue damage. The present study addresses the question whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and consequently the ability to upregulate NO, is required to effect the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in mice. METHODS Mice with a homologous disruption of the iNOS gene (iNOS KO) were evaluated for their ability to develop EAU and associated cellular responses after immunization with the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. EAU was determined by histopathology 21 days after uveitogenic immunization, and antigen-specific cellular responses were assessed by delayed type hypersensitivity and lymphocyte proliferation. RESULTS iNOS knockout (iNOS KO) mice developed EAU with scores similar to wild-type mice and exhibited good cellular responses to the immunizing antigen. CONCLUSIONS A functional iNOS gene is not necessary for EAU pathogenesis. Therefore, upregulation of NO is not required to mediate autoimmune tissue damage in the eye.
Infants Experience Perceptual Narrowing for Nonprimate Faces.

Perceptual narrowing-a phenomenon in which perception is broad from birth, but narrows as a function of experience-has previously been tested with primate faces. In the first 6 months of life, infants can discriminate among individual human and monkey faces. Though the ability to discriminate monkey faces is lost after about 9 months, infants retain human face discrimination, presumably because of their experience with human faces. The current study demonstrates that 4- to 6-month-old infants are able to discriminate nonprimate faces as well. In a visual paired comparison test, 4- to 6-month-old infants (n = 26) looked significantly longer at novel sheep (Ovis aries) faces, compared to a familiar sheep face (p = .017), while 9- to 11-month-olds (n = 26) showed no visual preference, and adults (n = 27) had a familiarity preference (p < .001). Infants' face recognition systems are broadly tuned at birth-not just for primate faces, but for nonprimate faces as well-allowing infants to become specialists in recognizing the types of faces encountered in their first year of life.
An exploration of Outward Bound New Zealand’s organisational culture

ABSTRACT This article examines the key factors of organisational culture (artefacts, values and beliefs, and core assumptions) that have led to the development of Outward Bound New Zealand (OBNZ) over the past 50 years. Primary data for this case study were obtained through the use of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with past and present school and executive directors. A key finding is that OBNZ, founded on the beliefs of the German educator Kurt Hahn, has reviewed its values and formalised these into the ‘fundamentals’ of greatness, compassion, responsibility and integrity. Important visible symbols of the OBNZ brand are the badge, the logo with ‘to serve, to strive and not to yield’ and the cutter. The core assumption is still focused on self-discovery and the Outward Bound motto ‘there’s more to you than you think’. Internationally, Outward Bound course length has declined to just 4 days compared with OBNZ’s average of 14 days. In contrast, OBNZ has remained true to Hahn’s original belief, the ‘fundamental’ values, core assumptions and the Standard/Classic (three-week) course. These findings have implications for the development of outdoor adventure education and business organisations’ culture and leadership.
Anticipating Divorce

Abstract Data from over 3,000 married couples responding to the National Survey of Families and Households are used to examine the extent of agreement between wives and husbands in their perceived likelihood of divorce, and the degree to which such perceptions are related to the actual likelihood of divorce and to changes in labor supply and fertility. While there is considerable agreement between spouses in the perceived likelihood that their marriage will end in divorce, for about 7-8% of couples these assessments vary widely. Although both wives' and husbands' perceived likelihood of divorce is significantly associated with subsequent marital disruption, wives' perceptions are significantly better predictors than husbands'. Married women who expect their marriages to dissolve are more likely than others to increase their hours worked per week and their weeks worked per year, but expecting their marriages to end in divorce has a much weaker effect on married men's economic behavior. Wives', but not husbands', anticipation of divorce is significantly associated with a lower likelihood of childbearing, even among couples who remain married.
Determinants within an 18-Amino-Acid U1A Autoregulatory Domain That Uncouple Cooperative RNA Binding, Inhibition of Polyadenylation, and Homodimerization

ABSTRACT The human U1 snRNP-specific U1A protein autoregulates its own production by binding to and inhibiting the polyadenylation of its own pre-mRNA. Previous work demonstrated that a short sequence of U1A protein is essential for autoregulation and contains three distinct activities, which are (i) cooperative binding of two U1A proteins to a 50-nucleotide region of U1A pre-mRNA called polyadenylation-inhibitory element RNA, (ii) formation of a novel homodimerization surface, and (iii) inhibition of polyadenylation by inhibition of poly(A) polymerase (PAP). In this study, we purified and analyzed 11 substitution mutant proteins, each having one or two residues in this region mutated. In 5 of the 11 mutant proteins, we found that particular amino acids associate with one activity but not another, indicating that they can be uncoupled. Surprisingly, in three mutant proteins, these activities were improved upon, suggesting that U1A autoregulation is selected for suboptimal inhibitory efficiency. The effects of these mutations on autoregulatory activity in vivo were also determined. Only U1A and U170K are known to regulate nuclear polyadenylation by PAP inhibition; thus, these results will aid in determining how widespread this type of regulation is. Our molecular dissection of the consequences of conformational changes within an RNP complex presents a powerful example to those studying more complicated pre-mRNA-regulatory systems.
Biochemistry of Somatodendritic Dopamine Release in Substantia Nigra: An In Vivo Comparison with Striatal Dopamine Release

Abstract: The somatodendritic release of dopamine in substantia nigra previously has been suggested to be nonvesicular in nature and thus to differ from the classical, exocytotic release of dopamine described for the dopaminergic nerve terminal in striatum. We have compared the effects of reserpine, a compound that disrupts vesicular sequestration of monoamines, on the storage and release of dopamine in substantia nigra and striatum of rats. Reserpine administration (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased the tissue level of dopamine in substantia nigra pars reticulata, substantia nigra pars compacta, and striatum. In these brain areas, reserpine‐induced reductions in tissue dopamine level occurred within 2 h and persisted at 24 h postdrug. In vivo measurements using microdialysis revealed that reserpine administration rapidly decreased the extracellular dopamine concentration to nondetectable levels in substantia nigra as well as in striatum. In both structures, it was observed that reserpine treatment significantly attenuated the release of dopamine evoked by a high dose of amphetamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) given 2 h later. In contrast, dopamine efflux in response to a low dose of amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was not altered by reserpine pretreatment either in substantia nigra or in striatum. The present data suggest the existence, both at the somatodendritic and at the nerve terminal level, of a vesicular pool of dopamine that is the primary site of transmitter storage and that can be displaced by high but not low doses of amphetamine. The physiological release of dopamine in substantia nigra and in striatum is dependent on the integrity of this vesicular store.
An Information Retrieval Based Approach for Measuring Service Conceptual Cohesion

High cohesion as a desirable principle in software design has an incredible impact on software reuse, maintenance and support. In service-oriented architecture (SOA), the focus of services on single business functionality is defined as conceptual cohesion. Current metrics for measuring service cohesion reflect mostly the structural aspect of cohesion and therefore cannot be utilized to measure conceptual cohesion of services. Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), on the other hand, is an information retrieval technique and is widely used to measure the degree of similarity between a set of text based documents. In this paper, a metric namely SCD is proposed that measure the conceptual cohesion of services based on LSI technique. This metric consider both service functionality and operation sequence to measure the conceptual cohesion. An evaluation of the metric based on a set of cohesion principles and comparison with the previously proposed metrics are also provided.