Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A class of weighted convolution Fréchet algebras

For an increasing sequence $(\omega_n)$ of algebra weights on $\mathbb R^+$ we study various properties of the Fr\'{e}chet algebra $A(\omega)=\bigcap_n L^1(\omega_n)$ obtained as the intersection of the weighted Banach algebras $L^1(\omega_n)$. We show that every endomorphism of $A(\omega)$ is standard, if for all n\in\mathbb N$ there exists $m\in\mathbb N$ such that $\omega_m(t)/\omega_n(t)\to\infty$ as $t\to\infty$. Moreover, we characterise the continuous derivations on this algebra: If for all $n\in\mathbb N$ there exists $m\in\mathbb N$ such that $t*\omega_n(t)/\omega_m(t)$ is bounded on $\mathbb R^+$, then the continuous derivations on $A(\omega)$ are exactly the linear maps $D$ of the form $D(f)=(Xf)*\mu$ for $f\in A(\omega)$, where $\mu$ is a measure in $B(\omega)=\bigcap_n M(\omega_n)$ and $(Xf)(t)=tf(t)$ for $t\in\mathbb R^+$ and $f\in A(\omega)$. If the condition is not satisfied, we show that $A(\omega)$ has no non-zero derivations.
The impact of low birth weight, perinatal conditions, and sociodemographic factors on educational outcome in kindergarten.

OBJECTIVE To assess the relative effects and the impact of perinatal and sociodemographic risk factors on long-term morbidity within a total birth population in Florida. METHODS School records for 339 171 children entering kindergarten in Florida public schools in the 1992-1993, 1993-1994, or 1994-1995 academic years were matched with Florida birth records from 1985 to 1990. Effects on long-term morbidity were assessed through a multivariate analysis of an educational outcome variable, defined as placement into 9 mutually exclusive categories in kindergarten. Of those categories, 7 were special education (SE) classifications determined by statewide standardized eligibility criteria, 1 was academic problems, and the reference category was regular classroom. Generalized logistic regression was used to simultaneously estimate the odds of placement in SE and academic problems. The impact of all risk factors was assessed via estimated attributable excess/deficit numbers, based on the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Educational outcome was significantly influenced by both perinatal and sociodemographic factors. Perinatal factors had greater adverse effects on the most severe SE types, with birth weight <1000 g having the greatest effect. Sociodemographic predictors had greater effects on the mild educational disabilities. Because of their greater prevalence, the impact attributable to each of the factors (poverty, male gender, low maternal education, or non-white race) was between 5 and 10 times greater than that of low birth weight and >10 times greater than that of very low birth weight, presence of a congenital anomaly, or prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with the hypothesis that adverse perinatal conditions result in severe educational disabilities, whereas less severe outcomes are influenced by sociodemographic factors. Overall, sociodemographic factors have a greater total impact on adverse educational outcomes than perinatal factors.
Olfactory Adaptation Depends on the Trp Ca2+Channel in Drosophila

Olfactory adaptation is shown to occur inDrosophila, at both behavioral and physiological levels. In a behavioral paradigm, the extent of adaptation is shown to depend on the dose and duration of the adapting stimulus. Half-maximal adaptation occurred after 15 sec of exposure to an odor, and recovery occurred with a half-time of 1.5 min, under a set of test conditions. Cross-adaptation was observed among all odor combinations tested, although to a lesser extent than when the same odor was used as both the adapting and the test stimulus. Mutants of the transient receptor potential (Trp) Ca2+ channel were normal in olfactory response, but defective in olfactory adaptation, when measured either behaviorally or in tests of antennal physiology. These results indicate that olfactory response and adaptation can be distinguished. Trp expression was detected in the developing antenna but, surprisingly, not in the mature antenna. These results, together with temperature-shift analysis of a temperature-sensitivetrp mutant, provide evidence of a role of Trp in olfactory system development.
Numerical and experimental investigation of shock/turbulence interaction by hotwire technique

In the present paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out to observe the amplification of turbulence intensity after shock/turbulence interaction by hot-wire technique. The hot wires are installed in the wake of the turbulent grids to measure the turbulence fluctuations before and after the reflected shock wave interaction with the turbulent field. Due to different grid plates, different strengths of turbulent fields are found behind the transmitted shock wave. It is observed that the turbulence fluctuations for less open area of the grid plate are higher than the turbulence fluctuations for more open area of the grid plate. Numerical simulations are also conducted on the experimental results where grid plate of 49.5 % open area is used. It is observed that the average longitudinal velocity line for the experimental velocity data simulate with numerical results properly and in some places, 5–7 % deviations are observed with numerical results. All the simulation results indicate that the present code with turbulence model is working properly for its initial conditions. The wall pressure fluctuations are also measured experimentally and substantial amplification of pressure fluctuations is occurred after the shock/turbulence interaction. The rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the levels of length scales are determined numerically by using k-8 turbulence model and it is observed that the rate of dissipation of TKE and the levels of length scales decrease after shock/turbulence interaction.
MCG–6-30-15: long time-scale X-ray variability, black hole mass and active galactic nuclei high states

We present a detailed study of the long time-scale X-ray variability of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy MCG-6-30-15, based on eight years of frequent monitoring observations with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. When combined with the published short-time-scale XMM-Newton observations, we derive the power-spectral density (PSD) covering six decades of frequency from ∼10 -8 to ∼10 -2 Hz. As with NGC 4051, another narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS 1), we find that the PSD of MCG-6-30-15 is a close analogue of the PSD of a galactic black hole X-ray binary system (GBH) in a 'high' rather than a 'low' state. As with NGC 4051 and the GBH Cygnus X-1 in its high state, a smoothly bending model is a better fit to the PSD of MCG-6-30-15, giving a derived break frequency of 7.6 +10 -3 x 10 -5 Hz. Assuming linear scaling of the break frequency with black hole mass, we estimate the black hole mass in MCG-6-30-15 to be ∼2.9 +1.8 -1.6 × 10 6 M ○. Although, in the X-ray band, it is one of the best observed Seyfert galaxies, there has as yet been no accurate determination of the mass of the black hole in MCG-6-30-15. Here we present a mass determination using the velocity dispersion (M BH -σ*) technique and compare it with estimates based on the width of the Ha line. Depending on the calibration relationship assumed for the M BH -σ* relationship, we derive a mass of between 3.6 and 6 x 10 6 M ○. , consistent with the mass derived from the PSD. Using the newly derived mass and break time-scale, and revised reverberation masses for other active galactic nuclei (AGN) from Peterson et al., we update the black hole mass-break-time-scale diagram. The observations are still generally consistent with narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies having shorter break time-scales, for a given mass, than broad-line AGN, probably reflecting a higher accretion rate. However, the revised, generally higher, masses (but unchanged break time-scales) are also consistent with perhaps all of the X-ray bright AGN studied so far being high-state objects. This result may simply be a selection effect, based on their selection from high-flux X-ray all-sky catalogues, and their consequent typically high X-ray/radio ratios, which indicate high-state systems.
lfactory priming leads to faster sound localization alérie

Cross-modal interactions between vision, audition and touch have been extensively studied in the last decade. However, our understanding of how the chemical senses interact with other sensory modalities remains relatively scarce. We performed a cued auditory localization paradigm in healthy young adults by measuring reaction times to monaural auditory stimuli after subjects had been cued by unilateral olfactory stimuli, mixed olfactory/trigeminal stimuli or somatosensory stimuli. As expected, all cuing eywords:
A practical system for improved efficiency in frequency division multiplexed wireless networks

Spectral efficiency is a key design issue for all wireless communication systems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very well-known technique for efficient data transmission over many carriers overlapped in frequency. Recently, several studies have appeared that describe spectrally efficient variations of multi-carrier systems where the condition of orthogonality is dropped. Proposed techniques suffer from two weaknesses: firstly, the complexity of generating the signal is increased. Secondly, the signal detection is computationally demanding. Known methods suffer either unusably high complexity or high error rates because of the inter-carrier interference. This study addresses both problems by proposing new transmitter and receiver architectures whose design is based on using the simplification that a rational spectrally efficient frequency division multiplexing (SEFDM) system can be treated as a set of overlapped and interleaving OFDM systems. The efficacy of the proposed designs is shown through detailed simulation of systems with different signal types and carrier dimensions. The decoder is heuristic but in practice produces very good results that are close to the theoretical best performance in a variety of settings. The system is able to produce efficiency gains of up to 20% with negligible impact on the required signal-to-noise ratio.
Light manipulation in resonant photonic devices

In recent years there has been an increasing research interest aimed at the development of slow and fast light techniques. Because of their spectral properties, integrated optical cavities can be effectively exploited either as slow or fast light structures. While several authors demonstrated that coupled-resonator optical waveguide structures realized by micro-rings or photonic crystal cavities enable slow light generation, to date, much research effort is needed to demonstrate fast light devices. Integrated optical resonant devices for group velocity manipulation are critically reviewed in this paper. Modelling, optimization and potentiality of a resonant structure including two vertically-stacked micro-rings, recently investigated by the authors, are also discussed.
Quality-of-life impact of primary treatments for localized prostate cancer in patients without hormonal treatment.

PURPOSE Earlier studies evaluating the effect on quality of life (QoL) of localized prostate cancer interventions included patients receiving adjuvant hormone therapy, which could have affected their outcomes. Our objective was to compare the QoL impact of the three most common primary treatments on patients who were not receiving adjuvant hormonal treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective study of 435 patients treated with radical prostatectomy, external-beam radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. QoL was assessed before and after treatment with the Short Form-36 and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite. Differences between groups were tested by analysis of variance. Distribution of outcome at 3 years was examined by stratifying according to baseline status. Generalized estimating equation models were constructed to assess the effect of treatment over time. RESULTS Compared with the brachytherapy group, the prostatectomy group showed greater deterioration on urinary incontinence and sexual scores but better urinary irritative-obstructive results (-18.22, -13.19, and +6.38, respectively, at 3 years; P < .001). In patients with urinary irritative-obstructive symptoms at baseline, improvement was observed in 64% of those treated with nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Higher bowel worsening (-2.87, P = .04) was observed in the external radiotherapy group, with 20% of patients reporting bowel symptoms. CONCLUSION Radical prostatectomy caused urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction but improved pre-existing urinary irritative-obstructive symptoms. External radiotherapy and brachytherapy caused urinary irritative-obstructive adverse effects and some sexual dysfunction. External radiotherapy also caused bowel adverse effects. Relevant differences between treatment groups persisted for up to 3 years of follow-up, although the difference in sexual adverse effects between brachytherapy and prostatectomy tended to decline over long-term follow-up. These results provide valuable information for clinical decision making.
WordForce: Visualizing Controversial Words in Debates

This paper presents WordForce, a system powered by the state of the art neural network model to visualize the learned user-dependent word embeddings from each post according to the post content and its engaged users. It generates the scatter plots to show the force of a word, i.e., whether the semantics of word embeddings from posts of different stances are clearly separated from the aspect of this controversial word. In addition, WordForce provides the dispersion and the distance of word embeddings from posts of different stance groups, and proposes the most controversial words accordingly to show clues to what people argue about in a debate.
Violence against women in pregnancy and after childbirth : current knowledge and issues in health care responses.

She was seven months pregnant, she was beaten from top to toe…with one of those meat [steels] that butchers sharpen their knives with . How she wasn't killed I don't know. He got in too … she was going to testify … [but] she discharged herself and went with him. Just being pregnant. I'd never specifically went myself, it was only when I was allowed to go to the doctors when I was pregnant.
Addition of oat hulls to an extruded rice-based diet for weaner pigs ameliorates the incidence of diarrhoea and reduces indices of protein fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract

An experiment was conducted to determine whether adding oat hulls to weaner pig diets based on extruded rice or unprocessed wheat influenced post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) and protein fermentation in the large intestine. Ninety-six male piglets (5·16 (sem 0·08) kg) were allocated to (i) extruded rice plus animal proteins (RAP); (ii) RAP with added oat hulls (20 g/kg); (iii) wheat plus animal proteins (WAP); (iv) WAP with added oat hulls (20 g/kg). Blood and faecal samples were collected on days 7 and 14 after weaning at about age 21 d. Pigs fed RAP had more PWD than pigs fed WAP (P < 0·05). Oat hull supplementation to diet RAP decreased the incidence of PWD (P < 0·05). The total-tract digestibility of DM, starch and energy was higher in rice-based diets than in wheat-based diets (P < 0·001); however, oat hulls decreased digestibility of DM and gross energy (P < 0·001). Pigs fed RAP had higher plasma creatinine concentrations (P < 0·01), which were positively correlated to cumulative β-haemolytic Escherichia coli scores after weaning (R2 0·928; P = 0·015). Addition of oat hulls decreased plasma urea concentrations only in pigs fed RAP (interaction; P < 0·05). Pigs fed RAP had lower faecal total biogenic amine concentrations than pigs fed WAP (P < 0·001). Oat hull supplementation tended to decrease total biogenic amine concentrations (P = 0·103). These data indirectly suggest that a mostly insoluble dietary fibre source such as oat hulls can decrease PWD in dietary situations where there may be a misbalance of carbohydrate to protein entering the hindgut.
What Percentage of Americans Have Ever Had a Family Member Incarcerated?: Evidence from the Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS)

What percentage of Americans have ever had a family member incarcerated? To answer this question, we designed the Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS). The survey was administered in the summer of 2018 by NORC at the University of Chicago using their AmeriSpeak Panel. It was funded by FWD.us, which released a separate report using the data. The data show that 45 percent of Americans have ever had an immediate family member incarcerated. The incarceration of an immediate family member was most prevalent for blacks (63 percent) but common for whites (42 percent) and Hispanics (48 percent) as well. College graduates had a lower risk of having a family member incarcerated, but the risk for black college graduates was comparatively high. The most common form of family member incarceration was the incarceration of a sibling.
Healthcare Workers' Challenges in the Implementation of Tuberculosis Infection Prevention and Control Measures in Mozambique

Objective Healthcare Workers (HCWs) have a higher frequency of TB exposure than the general population and have therefore an occupational TB risk that infection prevention and control (IPC) measures aim to reduce. HCWs are crucial in the implementation of these measures. The objective of the study was to investigate Mozambican HCWs' perceptions of their occupational TB risk and the measures they report using to reduce this risk. In addition, we explored the challenges HCWs encounter while using these TBIPC measures. Methods Focus group discussion. Analysis according content method. Participants Four categories of HCWs: auxiliary workers, medical (doctors and clinical officers), nurses and TB program staff. Results HCWs are aware of their occupational TB risk and use various measures to reduce their risk of infection. HCWs find it challenging to employ measures that minimize such risks and a lack of clear guidelines contributes to these challenges. HCWs' and patient behavior further complicate the use of TBIPC measures. Conclusion HCWs in Mozambique perceive a high occupational risk of TB infection. They report several challenges using measures to reduce this risk such as shortage of material, lack of clear guidelines, insufficient motivation and inadequate training. Robust training with motivational approaches, alongside supervision and support for HCWs could improve implementation of TBIPC measures. Healthcare management should address the areas for improvement that are beyond the individual HCW's control.
Reasons Why High Religiosity Can Co-exist with and Precipitate Discontinuation of Anti-retroviral Therapy among Different HIV Clients in Uganda: An Exploratory Study

In-depth interviews were conducted with 39 very religious people living with HIV (16 had ever and 23 had never discontinued antiretroviral therapy—ART) to assess the role of religion in these treatment decisions and in coping with HIV. Participants who had ever discontinued ART gave reasons such as: teachings and prophecies from religious leaders, and supporting Biblical scriptures all of which led them to feel that God and their faith, not ART, would help them; and testimonies by their “already healed” peers who had stopped ART. Participants who had never discontinued ART gave reasons such as continuous adherence counseling from multiple sources, improvement in physical health as a result of ART, and beliefs that God heals in different ways and that non-adherence is equal to putting God to a test. High religiosity was reported to help participants cope with HIV through engagement in personal and or community protective behaviours, “taking care of other illness”, and reducing worries. When high religiosity among people living with HIV (PHAs) becomes a barrier to ART adherence, the adherence counseling provided can draw on experiences of PHAs with high religiosity who have sustained good adherence to ART and achieved good health outcomes.
The 2003 Dividend Tax Cuts and the Value of the Firm: An Event Study

The "Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Act of 2003" (JGTRA03) contained a number of significant tax provisions, but the most noteworthy may have been the reduction in dividend tax rates. The political debate over the dividend tax reductions of 2003 took a number of surprising twists and turns. Accordingly, it is likely that the views of market participants concerning the probability of significant dividend tax reduction fluctuated significantly during 2003. In this paper, we use this fact to estimate the effects of dividend tax policy on firm value. We find that firms with higher dividend yields benefited more than other dividend paying firms, a result that, in itself, is consistent with both new and traditional views of dividend taxation. But further evidence points toward the new view and away from the traditional view. We also find that non-dividend-paying firms experienced larger abnormal returns than other firms as the result of the dividend tax cut, and that a similar bonus accrued to firms likely to issue new shares, two results that may appear surprising at first but are consistent with the theory developed in the paper.
Metabolic effects of some tumor-inhibitory pyridine carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones.

Summary 2-Formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (PT), 3-hydroxy-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (3-HP), and 5-hydroxy-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (5-HP) are potent inhibitors of the growth of Sarcoma 180 ascites cells. PT is quite toxic to the tumor-bearing host and does not markedly extend the life-span of mice bearing Sarcoma 180; however, the therapeutic potential of 3-HP and 5-HP is considerably greater, and treatment with these agents results in a pronounced lengthening of the survival time of the tumor-bearing animals. Evidence that the heteroaromatic ring nitrogen atom is required for biological activity was provided by the finding that salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone is inactive. PT, 3-HP, and 5-HP cause pronounced inhibition of the incorporation of thymidine into DNA; these agents do not prevent the conversion of thymidine to the triphosphate level but inhibit the subsequent incorporation of dTTP into DNA. The inhibitory effects of 3-HP and 5-HP on the formation of DNA do not appear to result from extensive catabolism of DNA in drug-treated cells. The utilization of uridine for the formation of RNA is depressed by PT, 3-HP, and 5-HP, and slight but significant inhibition of leucine incorporation into residual protein is also produced.