Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic distribution and sparsistency for `1 penalized parametric M-estimators, with applications to linear SVM and logistic regression

Since its early use in least squares regression problems, th e `1-penalization framework for variable selection has been employed in conjunction with a wide range of loss functions encompassing regression, classification and survival analysis. While a well develope d theory exists for the `1-penalized least squares estimates, few results concern the behavior of `1-penalized estimates for general loss functions. In this paper, we derive two results concerning penalized estimates for a wide array of penalty and loss functions. Our first result characterizes the asymptot ic distribution of penalized parametric Mestimators under mild conditions on the loss and penalty functions in the classical setting (fixed- p-largen). Our second result explicits necessary and sufficient gene ralized irrepresentability (GI) conditions for `1-penalized parametric M-estimates to consistently select the components of a model (sparsistency) as well as their sign (sign consistency). In general, the GI con ditions depend on the Hessian of the risk function at the true value of the unknown parameter. Under Gaussian predictors, we obtain a set of conditions under which the GI conditions can be re-expressed solely in terms of the second moment of the predictors. We apply our theory to contrast `1-penalized SVM and logistic regression classifiers and find conditions under which they have the same behavior in ter ms of their model selection consistency (sparsistency and sign consistency). Finally, we provide simulation evidence for the theory based on these classification examples.
Determination of Nutrition Knowledge of Adolescents Engaged in Sports

This study was carried out to determine the nutritional knowledge of adolescents engaged in sports at the high school level in the central schools in Şanliurfa. Sample of study was 495 students randomly selected who are engaged in sports in 4 high schools in Şanliurfa. Verbal consent of the participants and institution permit were taken for the study. Nutrition Knowledge Scale for Adolescents (NKSA) was used for data collection and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 package was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Turkey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test and Games-Howell test were used to evaluate the data. In the analysis, Type I error margin was accepted as 0.05. No significant difference was found in the average scores of nutrition knowledge levels in gender, age, sport type-duration, number of family members, body mass index (BMI) (p> 0.05). A significant difference was found when the school type and income level variables of the participants were examined (p <0.001). It was found that approximately 65% of the students have low level of nutritional knowledge. As a result, it was determined that the majority of the participants in our study had low nutritional knowledge and that income levels and school type affect the level of knowledge. In this respect, it is thought that seminars, which will be organized in cooperation with gym teachers aiming to increase the nutritional knowledge of young people in schools and clubs will be beneficial.
Effect of Positive Thinking Training on Psychological well- being and Marital Relationship Quality of Infertile Couple

Author Address 1. PhD Student in Counseling, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran; 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; 4. MSc Student of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran. *Corresponding Author Address: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. *E-mail: shahriardargahi@yahoo.com
Residential Relocation Decisions : The Role of Neighborhood Housing Characteristics

Despite evidence of significant variation in population mobility between neighborhoods, it is not clear why those residing in specific neighborhoods are more likely to relocate than others. This study examines how housing characteristics of the neighborhood where renters have chosen to live can influence their current decisions whether to stay in the neighborhood or relocate from it. In doing so, this paper relies on a unique dataset that matches the nationally-representative, longitudinal household data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to neighborhood-level data from the U.S. Census. Results demonstrate that differences in neighborhood housing characteristics and their change across neighborhoods play a major role in variation in population mobility. Their effects are larger in magnitude and statistical significance than those of neighborhood income and the share of blacks. In addition, neighborhood housing characteristics play a more critical role in intra-neighborhood moves than in inter-neighborhood moves. Renters are more likely to move and purchase homes within the neighborhood where owner-occupied housing is readily available and more new housing has been built.
A Candida Biofilm-Induced Pathway for Matrix Glucan Delivery: Implications for Drug Resistance

Extracellular polysaccharides are key constituents of the biofilm matrix of many microorganisms. One critical carbohydrate component of Candida albicans biofilms, β-1,3 glucan, has been linked to biofilm protection from antifungal agents. In this study, we identify three glucan modification enzymes that function to deliver glucan from the cell to the extracellular matrix. These enzymes include two predicted glucan transferases and an exo-glucanase, encoded by BGL2, PHR1, and XOG1, respectively. We show that the enzymes are crucial for both delivery of β-1,3 glucan to the biofilm matrix and for accumulation of mature matrix biomass. The enzymes do not appear to impact cell wall glucan content of biofilm cells, nor are they necessary for filamentation or biofilm formation. We demonstrate that mutants lacking these genes exhibit enhanced susceptibility to the commonly used antifungal, fluconazole, during biofilm growth only. Transcriptional analysis and biofilm phenotypes of strains with multiple mutations suggest that these enzymes act in a complementary fashion to distribute matrix downstream of the primary β-1,3 glucan synthase encoded by FKS1. Furthermore, our observations suggest that this matrix delivery pathway works independently from the C. albicans ZAP1 matrix formation regulatory pathway. These glucan modification enzymes appear to play a biofilm-specific role in mediating the delivery and organization of mature biofilm matrix. We propose that the discovery of inhibitors for these enzymes would provide promising anti-biofilm therapeutics.
The Effect of Patient Self-Advocacy on Patient Satisfaction: Exploring Self-Compassion as a Mediator

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-compassion as a predictor and mediator of the relationship between patient self-advocacy and patient satisfaction in health care. A sample of 522 patients completed a questionnaire that asked for their perceptions of their own self-compassion, patient self-advocacy behaviors, including illness education, assertiveness, and mindful nonadherence, and patient satisfaction. This study found that both patient self-advocacy and self-compassion were positive predictors of patient satisfaction. More specifically, patients’ illness education and assertiveness positively influenced patients’ satisfaction with their physician. Self-compassion was also shown to be a mediator between patient self-advocacy and patient satisfaction. The implications of these findings and future directions are also discussed.
Teachers’ continuous vs. intermittent presence in procedural knowledge instructional videos

Abstract Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become increasingly common in recent years. As the main component of MOOCs, instructional videos play a significant role in students’ learning. This study builds on the extant research on multimedia learning by testing the impact of teachers’ continuous vs. intermittent presence in procedural knowledge instructional videos. Students’ outcomes were assessed in terms of achievement, learning satisfaction, social presence, and cognitive load. Using a quasi-experimental design, 120 Chinese undergraduate students from four undergraduate classes, were randomly assigned to one of two video conditions based on whether the instructor had a continuous or intermittent presence in an instructional video teaching procedural knowledge. A series of independent sample t tests revealed that a teacher’s intermittent presentational approach improved learning achievement and satisfaction, and created less cognitive load relative to a continuous presentational approach. Results of this study can contribute to the design of procedural knowledge instructional videos.
Multiparity in Adolescents: Family and Sociocultural Factors

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a unique period of rapid growth and development in girls, that mixes the physical, emotional and social spheres of childhood and adulthood. It starts with the changes of puberty and ends when an autonomous young adult emerges.OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors related to multiparity in a certain vicinity of Cartagena, Colombia.METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional and exploratory study, consisting of 207 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years residing in locality 2 in Cartagena.RESULTS: The average age of the adolescents surveyed was 18.32 years. It was found that teenagers’ will to have 2 children (with respect to having 3) is lower (in 0.175) in girls with an educational level higher than primary school. When a family is moderate in giving orders or rules, the chance of a teen to have 2 children instead of 3 is 3.95 times higher than in those families that are not moderate. When planning the first pregnancy, the desire of adolescents to have a second child and not a third is 17.607 higher these girls that had unplanned first in those in which their first pregnancy was not planned. Whereas in pregnancies due to the misuse of contraceptives, the probability of not conceiving a third child is 3.7 times higher than those who became pregnant for a different reason. Adolescents who attended prenatal controls have a preference of 0.021 for having 4 or more children instead of 3, with respect to those who do not attend.CONCLUSIONS: A series of family and sociocultural factors were identified in this study, that relate to multiparity in adolescents. The family is the core unit of health and the ideal entity to convey protective factors.
Role of the β1-Adrenergic Pathway in Anesthetic and Ischemic Preconditioning against Myocardial Infarction in the Rabbit Heart In Vivo

Background:Anesthetic and ischemic preconditioning share similar signal transduction pathways. The authors tested the hypothesis that the β1-adrenergic signal transduction pathway mediates anesthetic and ischemic preconditioning in vivo. Methods:Pentobarbital-anesthetized (30 mg/kg) rabbits (n = 96) were instrumented for measurement of systemic hemodynamics and subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion. Sixty minutes before occlusion, vehicle (control), 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration desflurane, or sevoflurane, and esmolol (30.0 mg · kg−1 · h−1) were administered for 30 min, respectively. Administration of a single 5-min cycle of ischemic preconditioning was instituted 35 min before coronary artery occlusion. In separate groups, the selective blocker esmolol or the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (250 μg/kg) was given alone and in combination with desflurane, sevoflurane, and ischemic preconditioning. Results:Baseline hemodynamics and area at risk were not significantly different between groups. Myocardial infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium staining) as a percentage of area at risk was 61 ± 4% in control. Desflurane, sevoflurane, and ischemic preconditioning reduced infarct size to 34 ± 2, 36 ± 5, and 23 ± 3%, respectively. Esmolol did not alter myocardial infarct size (65 ± 5%) but abolished the protective effects of desflurane and sevoflurane (57 ± 4 and 52 ± 4%, respectively) and attenuated ischemic preconditioning (40 ± 4%). H-89 did not alter infarct size (60 ± 4%) but abolished preconditioning by desflurane (57 ± 5%) and sevoflurane (61 ± 1%). Ischemic preconditioning (24 ± 7%) was not affected by H-89. Conclusions:The results demonstrate that anesthetic preconditioning is mediated by the β1-adrenergic pathway, whereas this pathway is not essential for ischemic preconditioning. These results indicate important differences in the mechanisms of anesthetic and ischemic preconditioning.
Acknowledging Feelings to Enhance Prosociality: Emotional Awareness and Prosocial Behaviors in Adolescence

Prosocial behavior is correlated with better social adjustment among adolescents, while emotional abilities are prominent factors that enhance prosocial behaviors. Attention to emotions and clarity of emotion were found as two core dimensions of emotional abilities. In the presented study the relationships between attention to emotion and clarity of emotion and prosocial behavior were examined with gender as a moderator. Two hundred and fourteen adolescents participated in the study (86 males). The participants filled in the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), and Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ). Two dimensions underlying the subscales of TAS-20 and TMMS were found: inattention to emotions and unclear emotion. Gender differences appeared in emotion awareness dimensions and prosocial behavior. Using structural equation modeling it was shown that inattention to emotion, yet not unclear emotion, inhibits prosocial behavior.
A well-being of their own: Children’s perspectives of well-being from the capabilities approach

Although children’s well-being is an increasingly important area of interest for policy and research, it is still an under-theorized concept. This article proposes a theoretical framework regarding children’s well-being that combines a capabilities approach with a social provisioning approach. The methodology used involved children in the conceptualization of their well-being and in validating a list of relevant capabilities necessary to have a good life. The data show how children express a multidimensional understanding of well-being and propose an agenda of priorities and concerns of their own different from that of adults.
Effect of antiplatelet antibody on the development of pulmonary metastases following injection of CT26 colon adenocarcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and B16 amelanotic melanoma tumor cells into mice.

Three different murine tumors, CT26 colon adenocarcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and B16 amelanotic melanoma, were injected into syngeneic mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6J) to test the effect of rabbit anti-mouse platelet antibody on the development of pulmonary metastases. Antiplatelet antibody, when injected i.p., decreased the platelet count from 1.5 x 10(6)/microliters to 0.12 x 10(6)/microliters at 6 hr, which remained at this level for 24 hr. Antiplatelet antibody given 6 hr pre- and 18 hr post-i.v. injection of tumor cells decreased the mean number of CT26 tumor nodules per lung by 57% (range, 47 to 65%) and decreased the mean nodule volume of tumor per lung by 37% (range, 0 to 71%) (124 experimental animals), when compared to the effect of nonimmune serum or irrelevant anti-immunoglobulin antibody in 136 control animals. With Lewis lung carcinoma, antiplatelet antibody decreased the mean number of tumor nodules by 62% (range, 57 to 78%) and decreased the mean nodule volume of tumors by 64% (range, 60 to 77%) using 48 experimental animals and 65 control animals. When tumor cells were given s.c. , antiplatelet antibody given 6 hr pre-injection, 18 hr post-injection, and every 48 hr thereafter also decreased the mean number of metastases by 42% in 14 experimental and 15 control animals. With B16 amelanotic melanoma, antiplatelet antibody given 6 hr pre- and 18 hr post-injection decreased the mean number of tumor nodules by 85% and decreased the mean nodule volume of tumors by 66% using 9 experimental and 9 control animals. Similar results were obtained when all three tumors were injected 6 hr after the injection of antiplatelet antibody. However, negative results were obtained if antiplatelet antibody was injected 6 hr after the injection of tumor cells. Since antiplatelet antibody has its maximum effect at 6 hr, it is likely that platelets play their role in the development of pulmonary metastases during the first 12 hr of tumor inoculation.
Mindfulness: The Power of a Parent’s Intentional Influence on a Prenate

There is a long history of provision of preand perinatal (PPN) education to expecting mothers, and less so to fathers. Due to inconsistencies in both research methodologies and subsequent study findings, understanding what constitutes best practice in PPN education programs remains unclear. This research study was the second of four in a PhD program of research that examined content and logistical factors perceived to be important when designing, developing, and delivering PPN parenting programs for the 21 century. In this study, 54 existing mothers and seven fathers (N=61) who had attended a PPN parenting program, completed an exploratory selfreport online questionnaire that examined program content strengths, gaps and limitations. An outcome based on the utilization of Braun and Clarke’s (2006) five-step thematic analysis process, was a perceived need to understand what mindfulness-based knowledge, skills, and tools expecting parents could be taught to promote heathy pregnancies, births, couples’ relationship and transitions to parenthood. Findings from the current study were consistent with the literature on PPN psychology, mindfulness and neuroscience, which has theorized that parents’ thoughts, emotions, beliefs, moods, state of mind, as well as quality of partner relationship during the time of pregnancy influences prenates. By developing a range of PPN parenting programs that include mindfulness skills, and measuring effectiveness through preand post-test randomized clinical trials, utilizing large sample sizes and control groups, outcomes may result in positive parenting and bonding preand post-birth, as well as a positive transition for couples from being partners to parents.
ON-LINE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT MODELS FOR URBAN ARTERIAL NETWORKS

This paper addresses the problem of real-time estimation of urban arterial network performance. A number of analytical time-dependent models have been formulated and implemented for the on-line estimation of arterial link and system travel times. The proposed models provide alternative ways of incorporating the contribution of various network and operational characteristics to the travel time. The model inputs are volume and occupancy data from loop detectors, and signal control parameters. The models were tested on several real-life networks representing a wide range of configurations, demand patterns and control features. The results indicate that simple models appear promising in accurate measurement of link travel times. More complex models accounting for the randomness of delays at intersections improve the network-wide travel time estimates at the expense of data requirements and computational efficiency.
Aristotle’s virtue ethics as a conceptual framework for the study and practice of social work in modern times

ABSTRACT This paper aims to highlight the importance of Aristotle’s model of virtue ethics for today’s social workers and students, as it can help them to build an ethical character and promote ethical conduct in both their personal and professional lives. In doing so, the paper first provides an overview of virtue ethics theory and its revival over the last decades in western societies and then, discusses the basic tenets of Aristotle’s ethics theory in relation to the social work profession. In addition, the main types of Aristotelian virtues are presented including cardinal virtues (courage, justice, practical wisdom/phronesis, temperance) and the concepts of eudaimonia and golden mean in relation to their applications in social work practice are described. The paper briefly explains cardinal virtues and provides a case example of moral courage that will help social workers and students to better understand the concept of Aristotle’s golden mean. Finally, it discusses and responds to the main criticisms of Aristotle’s virtue ethics, considering alternative ways to discuss and think about this approach to social work.
The art of tasting corpses: the conceptual metaphor of consumption in Hannibal

ABSTRACT The figure of the cannibal has often been symptomatic of a society in crisis with its consumer system. By placing human beings in the same category as food, it highlights the hidden, or ignored, problems of food production and consumption. This essay will argue that the television series Hannibal (2013–2015) precisely plays with the features of cannibalism and of the serial killer fiction tradition in order to question US excessive consumer culture. It will explore how foodways and culinary metaphors, particularly those related to taste, are connected to power, social class and moral values through the dietary choices of the characters. Furthermore, the series’ use of aesthetics to represent corpses as mouth-watering dishes and breathtaking installation artworks that juxtaposes the horror of violence with beauty creates an effect of the horribly repulsive yet irresistibly appetizing for the audience that hinders the easy and mindless consumption of violence characteristic of traditional serial killing narratives and procedurals.
Performance, Career Dynamics, and Span of Control

In this paper we focus on a classic idea concerning span of control, which is that a prime driver is the scale of operations effect. We extend the theory concerning the scale of operations effect by allowing firms’ beliefs concerning a manager’s ability to evolve over the manager’s career. We empirically investigate the resulting testable predictions using a unique single-firm data set that contains detailed information concerning the reporting relationships at the firm. Our empirical analysis supports the notion that the scale of operations effect and learning are both important determinants of a firm’s span of control.
Perceived Morality and Antiatheist Prejudice: A Replication and Extension

ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that, although moral distrust drives antiatheist prejudice, certain types of morality are central: Perceived atheist moral capacity for caring and compassion appears to be central, whereas perceived atheist moral capacity for fairness, in-group loyalty, deferential respect, or purity/decency is not (Simpson & Rios, 2017). Here, we extend this research. First, we conceptually replicated experimental effects: Manipulating the perception that atheists strongly versus weakly value morality affects antiatheist prejudice much more strongly if the type of morality relates to caring/compassion rather than purity/sanctity (N = 162; U.S. Christian theists recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk). This finding was particularly strong among White participants. Second, we provide evidence for cross-national replication of correlational findings among Australian undergraduate theists (N = 85; recruited from the University of Melbourne) as well as evidence to suggest that the type of perceived morality that predicts prejudice differs according to the social group in question. Specifically, only perceived atheist concern for caring/compassion reliably predicted antiatheist prejudice, whereas perceived Jewish concern caring/compassion and in-group loyalty predicted anti-Jewish prejudice. Results reinforce existing evidence that increasing perceptions of atheist benevolence will help reduce antiatheist prejudice and provide novel support for social-functionalist theories of prejudice.