Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of financial performance on profitability of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia using the CAMEL method

IntroductionResearch on Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia have been extensively conducted, with a focus on banks in general and large banks. However, research specifically targeting medium-sized banks, namely PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia, PT Bank Mega Syariah, PT Bank Panin Dubai Syariah, PT Bank BCA Syariah, and PT Bank KB Bukopin Syariah, is still limited.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the influence of the financial performance of Islamic banks on their profitability using the CAMEL indicator.MethodThis research is quantitative with a correlational approach. The population in this study consists of 12 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, with 5 of them selected as samples. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The study utilizes secondary data from quarterly financial ratio reports of Islamic banks published by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The analysis involves evaluating the impact of CAR, NPF, NOM, BOPO, and FDR on ROA using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate that, partially, CAR and NPF do not significantly affect the ROA of Islamic banks. However, NOM, BOPO, and FDR have a significant impact on the ROA of Islamic banks.Implicationsthe research motivates Islamic bank management to improve their financial ratios to meet the health criteria set by Bank Indonesia (BI) and OJK. Maintaining healthy financial ratios has implications for the level of trust that customers and potential customers have in Islamic banks and ultimately determines the long-term existence of these banks.Originality/NoveltyThis study contributes to the development of risk management theory by examining the factors influencing the fluctuations in the values of CAR, NPF, NOM, BOPO, and FDR on the ROA of Islamic banks.
Noncoding RNAs in cancer and cancer stem cells

In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) are of crucial importance for human cancer. The functional relevance of ncRNAs is particularly evident for microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). miRNAs are endogenously expressed small RNA sequences that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have been extensively studied for their roles in cancers, whereas lncRNAs are emerging as important players in the cancer paradigm in recent years. These noncoding genes are often aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers. However, the biological functions of most ncRNAs remain largely unknown. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate describing how ncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer and cancer stem cells, a subset of cancer cells harboring self-renewal and differentiation capacities. These studies provide insight into the functional roles that ncRNAs play in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapies, and they suggest ncRNAs as attractive therapeutic targets and potentially useful diagnostic tools.
Noncommutative curves and noncommutative surfaces

In this survey article we describe some geometric results in the theory of noncommutative rings and, more generally, in the theory of abelian categories. Roughly speaking and by analogy with the commutative situation, the category of graded modules modulo torsion over a noncommutative graded ring of quadratic, respectively cubic growth should be thought of as the noncommutative analogue of a projective curve, respectively surface. This intuition has lead to a remarkable number of nontrivial insights and results in noncommutative algebra. Indeed, the problem of classifying noncommutative curves (and noncommutative graded rings of quadratic growth) can be regarded as settled. Despite the fact that no classification of noncommutative surfaces is in sight, a rich body of nontrivial examples and techniques, including blowing up and down, has been developed.
Calcitriol Supplementation Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Rat Hypertensive Renal Injury

Background/Aims: Vitamin D increases renal expression of klotho in normotensive rats. Klotho reduces oxidative stress. Methods: In this study, we aimed to determine if vitamin D would suppress oxidative stress using 4 groups of hypertensive rats: uninephrectomized, stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high-salt (6%) diet (controls; C); those treated with irbesartan (I); those treated with calcitriol (V); and those treated with both irbesartan and calcitriol (I+V). Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher in the C group than in the I and I+V groups. Albuminuria was attenuated in groups I, V, and I+V. Renal angiotensin II (AngII) concentration was lower in groups I and I+V than in group C, and plasma AngII levels of groups I and V were higher and lower than those in group C, respectively. Compared with group C, renal klotho expression, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α excretion, and acetylcholine-induced decrease in blood pressure improved in the V and I+V groups. Conclusions: The data indicate that irbesartan effectively decreases blood pressure and renal AngII levels, and improves albuminuria. Our findings indicate that vitamin D enhances klotho expression, suppressing oxidative stress and albuminuria without substantial changes in renal AngII levels. These results suggest that the amelioration of endothelium function by vitamin D involves free klotho.
Predicting Effective Diffusion Coefficients in Mudrocks Using a Fractal Model and Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering Measurements

The determination of effective diffusion coefficients of gases or solutes in the water‐saturated pore space of mudrocks is time consuming and technically challenging. Yet reliable values of effective diffusion coefficients are important to predict migration of hydrocarbon gases in unconventional reservoirs, dissipation of (explosive) gases through clay barriers in radioactive waste repositories, mineral alteration of seals to geological CO2 storage reservoirs, and contaminant migration through aquitards. In this study, small‐angle and very small angle neutron scattering techniques have been utilized to determine a range of transport properties in mudrocks, including porosity, pore size distributions, and surface and volume fractal dimensions of pores and grains, from which diffusive transport parameters can be estimated. Using a fractal model derived from Archie's law, we calculate effective diffusion coefficients from these parameters and compare them to laboratory‐derived effective diffusion coefficients for CO2, H2, CH4, and HTO on either the same or related mudrock samples. The samples include Opalinus Shale from the underground laboratory in Mont Terri, Switzerland, Boom Clay from a core drilled in Mol, Belgium, and a marine claystone cored in Utah, USA. The predicted values were compared to laboratory diffusion measurements. The measured and modeled diffusion coefficients show good agreement, differing generally by less than factor 5. Neutron or X‐ray scattering analysis is therefore proposed as a novel method for fast, accurate estimation of effective diffusion coefficients in mudrocks, together with simultaneous measurement of multiple transport parameters including porosity, pore size distributions, and surface areas, important for (reactive) transport modeling.
Carbohydrate nutrition is associated with changes in the retinal vascular structure and branching pattern in children.

BACKGROUND Higher intake of carbohydrates and high-glycemic index (high-GI) diets could lead to small vessel dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the associations between intakes of high-GI and high-glycemic load (high-GL) diets, carbohydrate, and the main carbohydrate-containing food groups and retinal microvascular changes in preadolescents. DESIGN Students aged 12 y (n = 2353) from a random cluster sample of 21 schools underwent detailed eye examinations. Retinal vessel caliber and fractal dimension were measured from digital retinal images. A validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was administered. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, children who consumed soft drinks once or more per day had significantly narrower mean retinal arterioles (∼1.9 μm) than did those who never or rarely consumed soft drinks (P-trend = 0.03). When the highest to lowest tertiles of carbohydrate consumption were compared, girls had significantly narrower retinal arterioles (∼1.4 μm; P-trend = 0.03) and boys had wider venules (∼2.3 μm; P-trend = 0.02). In girls only, a higher-GI diet was associated with narrower retinal arterioles (0.98-μm narrowing of retinal arteriolar caliber per SD increase in GI, P = 0.01). Carbohydrate intake and a high-GL diet were associated with greater retinal fractal dimension in girls (highest compared with lowest tertiles: P-trend = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Greater consumption of carbohydrates and soft drinks was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening. Because these microvascular signs have been shown to be markers of future cardiovascular disease risk, the presence of this risk factor in children could support the need for healthy dietary patterns that include lower consumption of high-GI foods and soft drinks.
An Immunohistochemical Study

Background. The altered expression of the Lewis blood group-related antigens during malignant transformation can be used clinically as a tumor marker or as a prognostic indicator. The Lewis Y (Ley) antigen, which is one of the Type 2 human blood group-related antigens, also is thought to behave as an oncodevelopmental cancer-associated antigen. In this study, the authors examined the association between human Ley antigen expression and the clinicopathologic features of HCC, including its proliferative activity. Methods. Forty-six histologically confirmed cases of HCC were studied retrospectively. Liver biopsy specimens from the main tumor of each case were obtained under ultrasonic guidance before treatment was initiated. The formalin fixed, paraffin embedded serial sections were immunostained using a modification of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, with a primary monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against the Ley antigen (BM-l/JIMRO). The relationship between Ley antigen expression and the HCC's proliferative activity was analyzed similarly by immunohistochemical methods using a primary MoAb directed against the Ki-67 antigen (MIB 1). In addition, to clarify the relationship between Ley antigen expression and the histologic heterogeneity within HCC, seven cases of surgically resected HCC also were immunostained. Results. The Ley antigen was detected on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells. Of the 46 HCC cases, 20 (43.5%) expressed the Ley antigen in the tumor cells. There was no correlation between Ley antigen expression and the maximum tumor dimension or the Stage. However, the incidence of Ley antigen-positive
Multi-Level Speaker-Independent Emotion Recognition Using Complex-MFCC and Swin Transformer

Speech is a crucial tool for communication and expressing emotions. Analyzing emotions from speech signals has been a focus of signal processing research for decades. However, designing emotion recognition models presents challenges due to their reliance on speaker-specific characteristics like language, accent, culture, age, and gender. Hence, it’s advantageous to create speaker-independent models. Here, we propose a speaker-independent emotion recognition model using novel multi-level audio features and a co-attention module. The model combines Complex MFCCs, spectrograms, and the original speech signal as inputs to three networks: Bi-LSTM, Swin Transformer, and Wav2vec2.0. The representations out of these networks are combined with a proposed feature embedding optimization mechanism for Wav2vec2.0. The fused features are employed for emotion prediction, and a non-linear SVM kernel classifier handles emotion classification. Experiments on the IEMOCAP dataset demonstrate promising results, achieving up to a 2.28% improvement over prior work in emotion recognition accuracy.
Path Oracles for Spatial Networks

The advent of location-based services has led to an increased demand for performing operations on spatial networks in real time. The challenge lies in being able to cast operations on spatial networks in terms of relational operators so that they can be performed in the context of a database. A linear-sized construct termed a path oracle is introduced that compactly encodes the n2 shortest paths between every pair of vertices in a spatial network having n vertices thereby reducing each of the paths to a single tuple in a relational database and enables finding shortest paths by repeated application of a single SQL SELECT operator. The construction of the path oracle is based on the observed coherence between the spatial positions of both source and destination vertices and the shortest paths between them which facilitates the aggregation of source and destination vertices into groups that share common vertices or edges on the shortest paths between them. With the aid of the Well-Separated Pair (WSP) technique, which has been applied to spatial networks using the network distance measure, a path oracle is proposed that takes O(sdn) space, where s is empirically estimated to be around 12 for road networks, but that can retrieve an intermediate link in a shortest path in O(logn) time using a B-tree. An additional construct termed the path-distance oracle of size O(n · max(sd, 1/ed)) (empirically (n · max(122, 2.5/e2))) is proposed that can retrieve an intermediate vertex as well as an e-approximation of the network distances in O(logn) time using a B-tree. Experimental results indicate that the proposed oracles are linear in n which means that they are scalable and can enable complicated query processing scenarios on massive spatial network datasets.
APPLE: An Explainer of ML Predictions on Circuit Layout at the Circuit-Element Level

In recent years, we have witnessed many excellent machine learning (ML) solutions targeting circuit layouts. These ML models provide fast predictions on various design objectives. However, almost all existing ML solutions have neglected the basic interpretability requirement from potential users. As a result, it is very difficult for users to figure out any potential accuracy degradation or abnormal behaviors of given ML models. In this work, we propose a new technique named APPLE to explain each ML prediction at the resolution level of circuit elements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to explain ML predictions on circuit layouts. It provides a significantly more reasonable, useful, and efficient explanation for lithography hotspot prediction, compared with the highest-cited prior solution for natural images.
Partial Tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Children and Adolescents *

Background: The functional outcome after partial anterior cruciate ligament tears in children and adolescents treated without reconstruction has not been established. Hypothesis: Nonreconstructive management of partial anterior cruciate ligament tears can be effective in certain pediatric patients. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We studied 45 skeletally mature and immature patients 17 years of age or less who had an acute hemarthrosis, magnetic resonance imaging signal changes, grade A or B Lachman and pivot shift result, and an arthroscopically documented partial anterior cruciate ligament tears. All patients were treated without reconstruction, underwent a structured rehabilitation program, and were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Results: Fourteen patients (31%) underwent subsequent reconstruction. Significant associations with subsequent reconstruction included tears that were greater than 50%, predominantly posterolateral tears, a grade B pivot shift test result, and older chronologic and skeletal age. Among patients who did not require reconstruction, those with tears that were greater than 50% or predominantly posterolateral had significantly lower Lysholm, satisfaction, and Cincinnati Knee Scale scores. Conclusions: Nonreconstructive management is recommended for partial anterior cruciate ligament tears in children and adolescents 14 years of skeletal age or younger with normal or near-normal Lachman and pivot shift results. Reconstruction is recommended in older athletes or in those with greater than 50% or predominantly posterolateral tears.
Down-stream effects of tree-to-dependency conversions

Dependency analysis relies on morphosyntactic evidence, as well as semantic evidence. In some cases, however, morphosyntactic evidence seems to be in conflict with semantic evidence. For this reason dependency grammar theories, annotation guidelines and tree-to-dependency conversion schemes often differ in how they analyze various syntactic constructions. Most experiments for which constituent-based treebanks such as the Penn Treebank are converted into dependency treebanks rely blindly on one of four-five widely used tree-to-dependency conversion schemes. This paper evaluates the down-stream effect of choice of conversion scheme, showing that it has dramatic impact on end results.
Medication adherence and glycemic control among newly diagnosed diabetes patients

Background Poor medication adherence can have negative consequences for the patients, the provider, the physician, and the sustainability of the healthcare system. To our knowledge, the association between medication adherence and glycemic control among newly diagnosed diabetes patients has not been studied. This study aims to bridge the gap. Method This is a retrospective cohort study of 2463 patients managed in the National Healthcare Group in Singapore with newly diagnosed diabetes. Patients were followed up for the first two years from their first medication dispensed for measuring medication adherence, proportion of days covered (PDC); and for another three years for investigating outcomes of glycemic control, emergency department visit, and hospitalization. Multivariable regressions were performed to study the association between medication adherence and the outcomes as well as the risk factors of poor adherence. Results The prevalence of medication adherence (PDC≥80%) was 65.0% (95% CI 63.1% to 66.9%) among newly diagnosed diabetes patients in Singapore. Male, Indian, or patients without hypertension or dyslipidemia were associated with poorer medication adherence. The HbA1c level of poor adherent patients (PDC <40%) increased by 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.5) over the two years, and they were also more likely to have hospitalization (OR 2.6,95% CI 1.7 to 3.8) or emergency department visit (OR 2.4,95% CI 1.7 to 3.4) compared with the fully adherent patients (PDC=100%). Conclusions The medication adherence in the early stage of diabetes is important for maximizing the effectiveness of pharmaceutical therapy. Health policies or interventions targeting the improvement of medication adherence among newly diagnosed diabetes patients are in need.
Two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain imaging in the assessment of mechanical properties of carotid arteries: feasibility and comparison with conventional markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.

AIMS The aim of our study was to assess the two-dimensional carotid strain as an index of arterial stiffness in a population of patients without carotid atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS Two-dimensional carotid strain, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), stiffness index (β), Peterson's elastic modulus, and distensibility coefficient were evaluated in 47 patients. For all patients, cardiovascular risk scores were calculated. Peak systolic circumferential strain was significantly correlated with conventional indices of arterial stiffness and with the CIMT. Peak systolic circumferential strain adjusted for pulse pressure was the only parameter that showed a significant difference between the three cardiovascular risk groups in which patients were classified. Two-dimensional carotid strain showed an excellent reproducibility. CONCLUSION The two-dimensional strain allows the assessment of carotid arterial mechanics. Probably the assessment of arterial stiffness allows a better risk stratification of patients.
Effect of delayed and/or missed enteric‐coated divalproex doses on valproic acid concentrations: simulation and dose replacement recommendations for the clinician 1

Background and objective: Enteric‐coated, delayed‐release divalproex sodium requires multiple daily administrations and high adherence rate to prevent breakthrough seizures and control adverse effects. We evaluated the effect of missing one or two doses of divalproex for up to 24 h, followed by replacement and resumption of scheduled therapy, on plasma valproic acid (VPA) concentrations.
Tornadoes within weak CAPE environments across the continental United States

Given the well-established importance of buoyancy and vertical shear for severe convective storms, tornadoes occurring within weak buoyancy regimes can pose appreciable challenges to operational forecasters (Vescio and Thompson 1998, Guyer et al. 2006). Such weak buoyancy (with typically high vertical shear) scenarios generally have greater predictive uncertainty with potential for higher false alarm ratios (FAR) and more limited probability of detection (POD) (Dean and Schneider 2008). In an effort to better document this spectrum, climatology of tornadoes that have occurred with weak buoyancy is presented for the continental United States for 2003-2009. For purposes of this study, weak buoyancy was defined by MixedLayer (ML) CAPE of 500 J/kg or less (“weak CAPE”). A number of prior research studies have identified common scenarios for tornadoes within weak CAPE regimes, such as hurricanes/tropical cyclones (McCaul 1991), "cold core" mid-latitude closed lows (Guyer and Davies 2006, Davies 2006), as well as a number of cool season environments such as low-topped California storms (Hanstrum et al. 2002), the Gulf Coast region (Guyer et al. 2006), and Tennessee/Ohio Valleys (Smith et al. 2008). Others have documented singular events in other regions and/or regimes, such as Markowski and Straka (2000) with a late October tornado event in Oklahoma. This study is an initial step to holistically document the frequency of occurrence with such patterns and environments. Seasonal, temporal, geographic, and EF-scale climatologies are given for weak CAPE tornadoes, in addition to relational examinations of weak buoyancy tornadoes to a broader spectrum of higher buoyancy tornado environments.
Modeling diachronic change in the third person singular: a multifactorial, verb- and author-specific exploratory approach1

This study addresses the development of the English third-person singular present tense suffix from an interdental fricative (giveth) to an alveolar fricative (gives). Based on the PCEEC corpus, we analyze more than 20,000 examples from the time between 1417 and 1681 to determine (i) the temporal stages in which this development took place and (ii) the factors that are correlated with this change. As for (i), we use a bottom-up clustering method which shows that the shift from -(e)th to -(e)s is best characterized as consisting of five stages. As for (ii), we examine multiple language-internal and language-external factors, including several variables proposed in earlier accounts. We fit a generalized linear mixed-effects model, which allows us to predict nearly 95 per cent of all inflectional choices correctly, thus revealing which factors shaped the development over time in a data-driven and highly precise way.