Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Brief History of the Subject

I face this assignment—explaining semiotics and showing how it can be applied to television and popular culture to those who know little or nothing about the subject—with a certain amount of apprehension. I'm not sure whether semiotics is a subject, a movement, a philosophy, or a cultlike religion. I do know that there is a large and rapidly expanding literature on the subject and that many of the writings of semioticians are difficult to understand and highly technical. So my mission, if not impossible, is quite challenging: Not only am I to explain the fundamental notions or elements of semiotics, I am also to apply them to television and television productions as well as to popular culture in general. It is a large undertaking, but I think it can be done. The price I must pay involves a certain amount of simplification and narrowness of focus. I am going to explain the basic principles of semi-otics and discuss some sample applications. I hope that after reading this chapter and the annotated bibliography provided, those interested in semiotics will probe more deeply into it at their own convenience. Although interest in signs and the way they communicate has a long history (medieval philosophers, John Locke, and others have shown
Mapping Nonverbal Behavior on the Interpersonal Circle

Whether and how personality is encoded in nonverbal behavior is reexamined. Behavior mapping, a recently developed approach designed to produce more focused answers, is used. Conversations among same-sex triads were scored for numerous seated kinesic behaviors. After winnowing some behaviors according to standard psychometric and behavior-mapping criteria, 6 behaviors of the head, hands, and legs could be clearly mapped on the interpersonal circle. Three of the 4 bipolar axes of the circle were primary axes for at least 1 behavior, although most are aligned with the Gregarious-Extraverted to Aloof-Introverted axis. Behavior mapping reaffirms that the interpersonal circle orders actual behavior (is not a merely cognitive ordering) and that it is a fruitful method for specifying behavior in terms of personality or vice versa. Connections between nonverbal behavior and personality have been investigated for many years, with mixed results. Many significant relations between dispositions and nonverbal actions have been summarized in reviews by Harper, Wiens, and Matarazzo (1978), Mehrabian (1981), Bull (1983), and others. Nevertheless, pessimistic views are also found, even among these reviewers. In concluding his review of the area, Bull described the fruits of many studies as "not impressive" (1983, p. 87).
Functional polymer brushes via surface-initiated atom transfer radical graft polymerization for combating marine biofouling

Dense and uniform polymer brush coatings were developed to combat marine biofouling. Nonionic hydrophilic, nonionic hydrophobic, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic polymer brush coatings were synthesized via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride, 4-styrenesulfonic acid sodium and N,N′-dimethyl-(methylmethacryloyl ethyl) ammonium propanesulfonate, respectively. The functionalized surfaces had different efficacies in preventing adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), adhesion of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 2021 and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and settlement of cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (=Balanus amphitrite). The nonionic hydrophilic, anionic and zwitterionic polymer brushes resisted BSA adsorption during a 2 h exposure period. The nonionic hydrophilic, cationic and zwitterionic brushes exhibited resistance to bacterial fouling (24 h exposure) and cyprid settlement (24 and 48 h incubation). The hydrophobic brushes moderately reduced protein adsorption, and bacteria and cyprid settlement. The anionic brushes were least effective in preventing attachment of bacteria and barnacle cyprids. Thus, the best approach to combat biofouling involves a combination of nonionic hydrophilic and zwitterionic polymer brush coatings on material surfaces.
Re: "Use of census-based aggregate variables to proxy for socioeconomic group: evidence from national samples".

Geronimus and Bound (1) are to be commended for conducting research to improve measuring and monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in health. Their article comparing estimate effects derived from models using individuallevel, census tract, and zip code socioeconomic data may detract from this goal, however, given likely limitations of the validity and generalizability of their study findings. First, complex sample structure and substantial cohort attrition combined with low success rates for geocoding may compromise their results. A number of well-documented problems arise when comparing census data with sample survey data (2-7). Surveys like the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) used by Geronimus and Bound have a complex sample structure that needs to be taken into account when interpreting the results (8). Any comparative analysis needs to distinguish population differences from sampling variation (9-10). The PSID is a longitudinal survey that began in 1968 with 4,802 families, 2,930 of which were drawn as a quota sample (not a random sample), and 1,872 of which were drawn from a sample of low-income households. Thus, the "1968 PSID sample is quite unlike the population of the United States" (11). Sample weighting is used to offset biases in the 1968 sample and considerable differential attrition of respondents between 1968 and 1985. The 1985 sample contained only 60 percent of the original set of households sampled in 1968 (1). While sample weighting may be able to correct for biases between sociodemographic groups, it is extremely unlikely that it can also simultaneously correct for inaccuracies at census-tract or other microgeographic level (12). In fact, the weightings used will actually make things worse since if "poor" young people are weighted by, say, 0.5 and "rich" men and women are weighted by, say, 5.0 or 10.0, this may result in the correct number of poor and rich people at national level. However, the rich people with high weightings still live in only one place and can be compared with only one set of census data, even though they have a weighting that means that they represent five or 10 people. Moreover, even if inaccuracy at census-tract level could be corrected by weighting the results from a relatively small survey like the PSID, it would still be imprecise at small area level (e.g., they would contain a large amount of random error).
BRCA1‐like profile predicts benefit of tandem high dose epirubicin‐cyclophospamide‐thiotepa in high risk breast cancer patients randomized in the WSG‐AM01 trial

BRCA1 is an important protein in the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are induced by alkylating chemotherapy. A BRCA1‐like DNA copy number signature derived from tumors with a BRCA1 mutation is indicative for impaired BRCA1 function and associated with good outcome after high dose (HD) and tandem HD DSB inducing chemotherapy. We investigated whether BRCA1‐like status was a predictive biomarker in the WSG AM 01 trial. WSG AM 01 randomized high‐risk breast cancer patients to induction (2× epirubicin‐cyclophosphamide) followed by tandem HD chemotherapy with epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and thiotepa versus dose dense chemotherapy (4× epirubicin‐cyclophospamide followed by 3× cyclophosphamide‐methotrexate‐5‐fluorouracil). We generated copy number profiles for 143 tumors and classified them as being BRCA1‐like or non‐BRCA1‐like. Twenty‐six out of 143 patients were BRCA1‐like. BRCA1‐like status was associated with high grade and triple negative tumors. With regard to event‐free‐survival, the primary endpoint of the trial, patients with a BRCA1‐like tumor had a hazard rate of 0.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07–0.63, p = 0.006. In the interaction analysis, the combination of BRCA1‐like status and HD chemotherapy had a hazard rate of 0.19, 95% CI: 0.067–0.54, p = 0.003. Similar results were observed for overall survival. These findings suggest that BRCA1‐like status is a predictor for benefit of tandem HD chemotherapy with epirubicin‐thiotepa‐cyclophosphamide.
Why People Say Where They are during Mobile Phone Calls

An often-noticed feature of mobile phone calls is some form of ‘geographical’ locating after a greeting has been made. The author uses some singular instances of mobile phone conversations to provide an answer as to why this geolinguistic feature has emerged. In an examination of two real cases and a vignette, some light is shed on a more classical spatial topic, that of mobility. During the opening and closing statements of the paper a short critique is put forward of the ‘professionalisation’ of cultural studies and cultural geography and their ways of theorising ordinary activities. It is argued that a concern with theory construction effectively distances such workers from everyday affairs where ordinary actors understand in practical terms and account competently for what is going on in their worlds. This practical understanding is inherent in the intricacies of a conversational ‘ordering’, which is at one and the same time also an ordering of the times and spaces of these worlds. By means of an indifferent approach to the ‘grand theories’ of culture, some detailed understandings of social practices are offered via the alternatives of ethnomethodological and conversational investigations.
Blabbermouths and Clams: Sex Differences in Self-Disclosure in Same-Sex and Cross-Sex Friendship Dyads

Self-disclosure involves the two related dimensions of intimacy and power. It may be rewarding or costly to both confider and confidant. Although previous research has indicated that women are more self-disclosing than men, in the study reported here sex differences in self-disclosure are negligible in same-sex friendships. In cross-sex friendships, however, more men are confiding than women. Further, in female-male dyads men tend to hide their weaknesses and women to conceal their strengths. In such friendships, also, both men and women of working class origin are more prone to self-revelation than middle class respondents. Surprisingly, the correlation between feelings of closeness and self-disclosure is far from perfect in friendly (as opposed to stranger-like) relationships. Research on personal assessments of risks versus rewards in self-disclosure is needed.
The Success of Gay–Straight Alliances in Waterloo Region, Ontario: A Confluence of Political and Social Factors

This article outlines how gay–straight alliances (GSAs) work to connect youth with community resources, and outlines the political and social context of GSAs in Waterloo Region, Ontario, Canada. Fifteen individuals (youth, teachers, and a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ] youth service provider) participated in interviews about the role of GSAs in creating supportive school environments for LGBTQ youth and their allies. Analyses of the interview data found that, apart from providing direct support to LGBTQ students, GSAs in Waterloo Region decrease isolation by connecting youth with other LGBTQ community members, events, and resources. This article discusses how the confluence of government and school board policy and community agency support facilitates the implementation, maintenance, and success of GSAs.
Doing Bodies Differently? Gender, Youth, Appearance and Damage

Feminist writers have identified young women's engagement with their appearances as a source of alienation from their bodies. There are now concerns that 'feminization' of youth behaviour will lead to similar difficulties for young men, and this papers sets out to examine whether they too are experiencing levels of identity damage from this. The contemporary context of identity construction will be briefly considered. That for boys and girls practices of consumption can offer group affiliations but can lead also to exclusion and isolation is discussed. That boys are under pressure to produce bodies that are sporty, strong and 'hard' is then argued. The paper concludes that there are similarities in the pressures on boys and girls to 'do looks', but that the failure to do this and the experience of being excluded and/or devalued that this may produce may have more to do with class, 'race' and poverty than with gender.
The ‘spirit of education’ in Indonesian Pesantren

This paper employs Foucauldian theory to consider Islamic boarding school experiences in Indonesia. For some pupils ‘the spirit of education’ – a dimension of pleasure – comes to be highly valued, creating a lifelong passion for the pursuit of knowledge. Two school principals (both pesantren [Islamic boarding school] graduates themselves) articulated strong commitment to the ‘spirit of education’. Yet their respective boarding schools were very poor, not only by western standards but compared with Indonesian public schools, and conditions were austere. The embodiment of pesantren discourse as high academic achievement is illustrated by the example of Khadija – a young female pesantren graduate now studying at doctoral level in the United Kingdom. Explaining the embodied production of the ‘spirit of education’ demands looking at charismatic pedagogy, strict rules, austere conditions and sparse provision of learning resources as regimes of truth and power–knowledge relations that inhere in pesantren as lived experiences of pupils.
Blurring Racial and Ethnic Boundaries in Asian American Families: Asian American Family Patterns, 1980-2005

In this work, the authors use statistics from the U.S. Census to examine trends in intermarriage, racial and ethnic combinations, and categorizations among Asian Americans. Specifically, the authors want to consider the extent to which family patterns may contribute to Asian Americans and their descendants’ continuing as distinct, becoming members of some new category or categories, or simply becoming White. Based on the data analysis and discussion, it seems most likely that Whiteness will increasingly depend on the situation: Where there are Asians,Whites, and Blacks, Asians will tend to become White.Where there are only Whites, Asians, including even those of multiracial background, may well continue to be distinguished. Yet people in mixed families will be continually crossing all racial and ethnic lines in the United States, and their numbers will steadily increase.
A multi-objective optimization method based on simplex search method

In this paper, a method based on Nelder and Mead’s simplex search method, is developed for solving multi-objective optimization problems. Unlike other multi-objective optimization algorithms based on classical methods, this method does not require any a priori knowledge about the problem. Moreover, it does not need any pre-deﬁned weights or additional constraints as it works without scalarizing the multi-objective problem. The algorithm works with a population of points and is capable of generating a multitude of Pareto-optimal solutions. Equipped with the constraint handling strategy adopted in this work, the method is found to be competitive with respect to the existing algorithms.
The phenomenology of traumatic experiences in police work

Investigates situations that were perceived as stressful by Swedish police officers and the kind of support and help they had received in connection with that. A total of 162 respondents took part in the study. Results show that most of the traumatic experiences reported by police officers occurred early on in their careers. The traumatic experiences often remained in their memories in the form of visual, tactile, and olfactory sensations. A variety of stress reactions were described in connection with these experiences. As regards ways of working through the traumatic experiences, more than half reported that it helped them to talk about the event with their colleagues. Only a few had been offered debriefing or professional help in connection with the event. A notable finding is that the majority of the officers did not receive any support at all from their superiors in connection with the event.
Cache for Tightly Coupled Networks

We describe the design and implementation of a distributed, searchable web proxy cache designed to reduce and eliminate web traffic for itermittently connected environments with low bandwidth and/or high latency. We characterize our system using a proxy cache trace. We have found that searching over the cache using queries from extracted the cache tends to yield higher results than searching using unrelated queries, that transcoding or eliminating images and other media altogether may be effective not only in reducing bandwidth if done by the ISP, but also in improving search results if done before the files are stored in the repository, and that an adaptive caching scheme may do better than LRU, but more experiments are needed to evaluate this.
Bilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation in toilet trained children: Is 1-day hospitalization without urinary retention possible?

PURPOSE Bilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation has been associated with urinary retention. We developed a critical pathway and modification of surgical technique to determine whether the bilateral extravesical procedure could be performed in toilet trained children with patients discharged home after a 1-day hospitalization and without urinary retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 consecutive toilet trained children were evaluated after undergoing bilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation using a modified technique that limits ureteral dissection, ureteral mobilization and detrusor dissection to as distally as possible so that a 5:1 ratio of tunnel length to ureteral diameter can be accomplished. No surgical dissection occurs in proximity to the obliterated umbilical artery, nor is the artery ligated. Patients follow a strict postoperative critical pathway, and parents receive extensive preoperative and postoperative education. A child is required to fulfill 5 strict criteria to be discharged from the hospital. RESULTS Patient age ranged from 1.9 to 12.8 years (mean 4.9), with 37 girls and 13 boys participating. All patients were discharged home on postoperative day 1. All patients were able to void postoperatively without any instances of urinary retention. None of the children had acute urinary tract infections or required rehospitalization. All patients had radiographic resolution of the vesicoureteral reflux on postoperative voiding cystourethrogram. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate that bilateral extravesical ureteroneocystostomy can be performed in selected patients without postoperative urinary retention and with uniform hospital discharge in 1 day. The critical pathway and limited dissection extravesical approach are essential for this success.
Sliceable bandwidth variable transponder: The IDEALIST vision

This paper reports on the general architecture for a sliceable bandwidth variable transponder as discussed within the IDEALIST European project. Support for super-channels (optical connections with several adjacent sub-carriers) and slice-ability (super-channels generated together but independently routed in the network towards different destinations) is guaranteed. For illustrative purpose some driving ideas on a possible modular implementation are shown.
Attachment and Sexual Permissiveness

How does the psychology of attachment relate to sexual permissiveness? Do some attachment–sexuality links differ as a function of biological sex? Are attachment–sexuality links truly universal across cultures or are some localized to Western populations? Across 10 world regions (N = 17,837), using multiple indicators of permissive sexuality, we attempted to replicate and extend recent work on these questions. Unrestricted sociosexuality was consistently linked to positive Models of Self in men but much less so among women. Self-reports of having an unfaithful sexual personality were linked to dismissing attachment in both men and women, though additional associations were observed with fearful attachment suggesting infidelity as a form of sexual permissiveness may be more closely associated with negative Models of Other. A measure of short-term mating interests was more strongly linked to dismissing attachment in men than in women. Engaging in short-term mate poaching (i.e., stealing another person’s partner for a brief affair) was linked with low overall attachment security in women but not in men. Many of the revealed associations between attachment and sexuality were relatively small in size, and some appeared to be localized to Westernized cultures.
Self-Avoiding Walks and Amenability

The connective constant $\mu(G)$ of an infinite transitive graph $G$ is the exponential growth rate of the number of self-avoiding walks from a given origin. The relationship between connective constants and amenability is explored in the current work. Various properties of connective constants depend on the existence of so-called 'graph height functions', namely: (i) whether $\mu(G)$ is a local function on certain graphs derived from $G$, (ii) the equality of $\mu(G)$ and the asymptotic growth rate of bridges, and (iii) whether there exists a terminating algorithm for approximating $\mu(G)$ to a given degree of accuracy. In the context of amenable groups, it is proved that the Cayley graphs of infinite, finitely generated, elementary amenable groups support graph height functions, which are in addition harmonic. In contrast, the Cayley graph of the Grigorchuk group, which is amenable but not elementary amenable, does not have a graph height function. In the context of non-amenable, transitive graphs, a lower bound is presented for the connective constant in terms of the spectral bottom of the graph. This is a strengthening of an earlier result of the same authors. Secondly, using a percolation inequality of Benjamini, Nachmias, and Peres, it is explained that the connective constant of a non-amenable, transitive graph with large girth is close to that of a regular tree. Examples are given of non-amenable groups without graph height functions, of which one is the Higman group.
The Evolution of Technology: Selection (2): Social and Cultural Factors

Preface 1. Diversity, necessity, and evolution 2. Continuity and discontinuity 3. Novelty: psychological and intellectual factors 4. Novelty: socioeconomic and cultural factors 5. Selection: economic and military factors 6. Selection: social and cultural factors 7. Conclusion: evolution and progress Bibliography Sources of questions Index.