Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Mapping of Anthropogenic Heat in China from 1992 to 2010

Anthropogenic heat generated by human activity contributes to urban and regional climate warming. Due to the resolution and accuracy of existing anthropogenic heat data, it is difficult to analyze and simulate the corresponding effects. This study exploited a new method to estimate high spatial and temporal resolutions of anthropogenic heat based on long-term data of energy consumption and the US Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) data from 1992 to 2010 across China. Our results showed that, throughout the entire study period, there are apparent increasing trends in anthropogenic heat in three major metropoli, i.e., the Beijing-Tianjin region, the Yangzi River delta and the Pearl River delta. The annual mean anthropogenic heat fluxes for Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in 2010 were 17 Wm−2, 19 and 7.8 Wm−2, respectively. Comparisons with previous studies indicate that DMSP-OLS data could provide a better spatial proxy for estimating anthropogenic heat than population density and our analysis shows better performance at large scales for estimation of anthropogenic heat.
Scotogenic R\nuMDM at Three-Loop Level

We propose a model in which the radiative neutrino (R\nu) masses are induced by fermion quintuplet and scalar septuplet fields from the minimal-dark-matter (MDM) setup. In conjunction with the 2HDM fields, on top of which our model is built, these hypercharge zero fields and additional scalar quintuplet lead to an accidental DM-protecting Z_2 symmetry and establish the R\nuMDM model at the three-loop level. We assess the potential for discovery of quintuplet fermions on present and future pp colliders.
Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis

Anti-RNA Polymerase III has been recognized as an important autoantibody in Systemic Sclerosis and it is now included in the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for Systemic Sclerosis. With this manuscript we attempt to review the current data on anti-RNA polymerase II as it relates to Systemic Sclerosis.
Evolutionary Design of Artificial Neural Networks Using a Descriptive Encoding Language

Automated design of artificial neural networks by evolutionary algorithms (neuroevolution) has generated much recent research both because successful approaches will facilitate wide-spread use of intelligent systems based on neural networks, and because it will shed light on our understanding of how "real" neural networks may have evolved. The main challenge in neuroevolution is that the search space of neural network architectures and their corresponding optimal weights can be high-dimensional and disparate, and therefore evolution may not discover an optimal network even if it exists. In this dissertation, I present a high-level encoding language that can be used to restrict the general search space of neural networks, and implement a problem-independent design system based on this encoding language. I show that this encoding scheme works effectively in (1) describing the search space in which evolution occurs; (2) specifying the initial configuration and evolutionary parameters; and (3) generating the final neural networks resulting from the evolutionary process in a human-readable manner. Evolved networks for "n-partition problems'' demonstrate that this approach can evolve high-performance network architectures, and show by example that a small parsimony factor in the fitness measure can lead to the emergence of modular networks. Further, this approach is shown to work for encoding recurrent neural networks for a temporal sequence generation problem, and the trade-offs between various recurrent network architectures are systematically compared via multi-objective optimization. Finally, it is shown that this system can be extended to address reinforcement learning problems by evolving architectures and connection weights in a hierarchical manner. Experimental results support the conclusion that hierarchical evolutionary approaches integrated in a system having a high-level descriptive encoding language can be useful in designing modular networks, including those that have recurrent connectivity.
Transmission Pattern of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Its Implication for Tuberculosis Control in Eastern Rural China

Objective Transmission patterns of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) may be influenced by differences in socio-demographics, local tuberculosis (TB) endemicity and efficaciousness of TB control programs. This study aimed to investigate the impact of DOTS on the transmission of drug-resistant TB in eastern rural China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of all patients diagnosed with drug-resistant TB over a one-year period in two rural Chinese counties with varying lengths of DOTS implementation. Counties included Deqing, with over 11 years' DOTS implementation and Guanyun, where DOTS was introduced 1 year prior to start of this study. We combined demographic, clinical and epidemiologic information with IS6110-based restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Spoligotyping analysis of MTB isolates. In addition, we conducted DNA sequencing of resistance determining regions to first-line anti-tuberculosis agents. Results Of the 223 drug-resistant isolates, 73(32.7%) isolates were identified with clustered IS6110RFLP patterns. The clustering proportion among total drug-resistant TB was higher in Guanyun than Deqing (26/101.vs.47/122; p,0.04), but not significantly different among the 53 multidrug-resistant isolates (10/18.vs.24/35; p,0.35). Patients with cavitary had increased risk of clustering in both counties. In Guanyun, patients with positive smear test or previous treatment history had a higher clustering proportion. Beijing genotype and isolates resistant to isoniazid and/or rifampicin were more likely to be clustered. Of the 73 patients with clustered drug-resistant isolates, 71.2% lived in the same or neighboring villages. Epidemiological link (household and social contact) was confirmed in 12.3% of the clustered isolates. Conclusion Transmission of drug-resistant TB in eastern rural China is characterized by small clusters and limited geographic spread. Our observations highlight the need for supplementing DOTS with additional strategies, including active case finding at the village level, effective treatment for patients with cavities and drug susceptibility testing for patients at increased risk for drug-resistance.
Psychological capital, mindfulness, and teacher burnout: insights from Chinese EFL educators through structural equation modeling

Objective This cross-sectional study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among psychological capital, mindfulness, and teacher burnout in a sample of 387 Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) educators. Methods Self-reported data were analyzed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of psychological capital on teacher burnout, with mindfulness serving as a potential mediator. Results Our SEM analysis reveals a significant direct negative association between psychological capital and teacher burnout. Moreover, mindfulness significantly mediates the relationship between psychological capital and burnout, indicating that higher psychological capital leads to increased mindfulness, which subsequently reduces burnout. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of psychological capital and mindfulness in mitigating teacher burnout among Chinese EFL educators. The findings suggest that interventions targeting both psychological capital and mindfulness practices could bolster teacher well-being and foster a more positive educational environment.
Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Participate in Cerebral Neovascularization After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Adult Mouse

We investigated whether circulating endothelial progenitor cells contribute to neovascularization after stroke. Donor bone marrow cells obtained from transgenic mice constitutively expressing &bgr;-galactosidase transcriptionally regulated by an endothelial-specific promoter, Tie2, were injected into adult mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by embolic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured by perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), immunohistochemistry and X-gal staining were performed. Perfusion-weighted MRI demonstrated increases in CBF around the boundary of an infarct area 1 month after ischemia. Morphological and 3-dimensional image analyses revealed enlarged and thin-walled blood vessels with sprouting or intussusception at the boundary of the ischemic lesion, which closely corresponded to elevated CBF areas detected on perfusion-weighted MRI, indicating the presence of neovascularization. X-gal and double immunostaining demonstrated that Tie2-lacZ-positive cells incorporated into sites of neovascularization at the border of the infarct, and these cells exhibited an endothelial antigenic marker (von Willebrand factor). In addition, bone marrow recipient mice without ischemia showed incorporation of Tie2-lacZ-expressing cells into vessels of the choroid plexus. These data suggest that formation of new blood vessels in the adult brain after stroke is not restricted to angiogenesis but also involves vasculogenesis and that circulating endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow contribute to the vascular substructure of the choroid plexus.
Physiological and Behavioral Factors Related to Physical Activity in Black Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose: To describe relationships among physical activity (PA), physiological factors, and psychological factors in Black women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional design was used (N = 109). Data were collected on PA (activity/inactivity, TV hours, bed confinement), physiology (blood pressure, lipids, hemoglobin A1c), psychology (anxiety, emotional distress, physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality), and health care provider (HCP) support. Results: Walking was the preferred PA; TV viewing averaged 3.7 hours/day, and 24% reported confinement to bed >1 week in the last year. Inactive women had greater physiological and psychological problems than active women. Women watching TV >2 hours/day had more physiological problems than women watching TV <2 hours/day. Women reporting >1 week of confinement to bed in the last year had more physiological and psychological problems than those confined to bed <1 week. Conclusions: PA interventions in Black women with T2DM should promote walking, address TV viewing time, incorporate HCP’s role of PA counseling/support, and address several psychological factors.
Program Development Schemata as Derived Rules

We show how the formalization and application of schemata for program development can be reduced to the formalization and application of derived rules of inference. We formalize and derive schemata as rules in theories that axiomatize program data and programs themselves. We reduce schema-based program development to ordinary theorem proving, where higher-order unification is used to apply rules. Conceptually, our formalization is simple and unifies divergent views of schemata, program synthesis, and program transformation. Practically, our formalization yields a simple methodology for carrying out development using existing logical frameworks; we illustrate this in the domain of logic program synthesis and transformation using the Isabelle logical framework.
TMS320C6713 DSK Implementation of G. 711 Coded VoIP Signal

quality of speech signal over a VoIP system is degraded by various network layer problems which include jamming, jitter, packet loss. Different types of noises also degrade the quality of speech signal such as external noise and quantization noise. This paper improves the quality of VoIP speech signal affected by these noises and network layer problems. The quality of degraded VoIP speech signal coded by using ITU-T G.711 audio coding standard and implemented on the TMS320C6713 DSK has been compared with the quality of VoIP speech signal coded by using G.729 audio data compression standard which uses code-excited linear prediction speech coding (CS-ACELP) for coding purpose and is implemented on TMS320C6713 DSK. Speech Enhancement Algorithm has been proposed for the improvement in the quality of VoIP signal. In order to evaluate the performance PESQ (ITU-T P.862, Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality) is used.
Chlamydia screening, retesting and repeat diagnoses in Cornwall, UK 2003–2009

Objectives This study aims to describe the patterns of testing and retesting for chlamydia in Cornwall during the first 5 years of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme. We evaluate the factors associated with retesting and estimate the incidence of chlamydia diagnosis and repeat diagnosis. Methods Study design: Secondary database analysis. Selection criteria: men and women tested for chlamydia between March 2003 and January 2009 in Cornwall, aged ≥12 years and ≤25 years at the first test. The factors associated with retesting in those with at least one known test result and at least 14 days follow-up time were analysed using Cox regression and the incidence of diagnosis and repeat diagnosis were calculated. Results The final dataset consisted of 71 066 records from 49 941 individuals; of whom 59.0% were female and 75.4% were only tested once. There were 48 375 individuals with at least one known test result (negative or positive) and at least 14 days follow-up, included in the Cox regression analysis. Factors associated with testing more than once were (adjusted HR, 95% CI): being female (2.24; 2.14 to 2.34) and initially testing positive (1.43; 1.35 to 1.51). The positivity at first episode declined from 13.2% (1077 cases) in 2003/2004 to 5.8% (843 cases) in 2008/2009. The incidence of diagnosis at the second test was 5.9 per 100 person years in those testing negative at the first test compared with 18.1 per 100 person years in those initially positive. Discussion Most individuals in this analysis were tested only once, but the testing volume and proportion of repeat tests were highest at the end of the study period. As the testing rate stabilises to 30% coverage, maintaining retesting rates in those previously tested and especially in those previously diagnosed with chlamydia will be necessary for the sustainability of the screening programme. Conclusions A key feature of the next 5 years of the screening programme will be to maintain screening and rescreening.
Rare case of the hyaline vascular type of Castleman's disease of the kidney

Abstract: Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare disorder characterized by a benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Most cases tend to present as a mediastinal mass. A few extrathoracic cases involving nodal and extranodal locations have previously been reported. To the best of our knowledge, however, only one case of CD of the kidney has been published in an English report. We herein report a rare case of CD presenting as a left renal tumor. A 70‐year‐old male was examined by computed tomography for a follow‐up for colonic diverticulitis and a left renal mass measuring 2.0 cm in diameter was incidentally found. The patient underwent a left partial nephrectomy for a left renal mass and a histopathological analysis demonstrated the hyaline vascular type of CD. Based on our findings, CD should be included in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors.
Calibration of misonidazole labeling by simultaneous measurement of oxygen tension and labeling density in multicellular spheroids

To correlate misonidazole concentrations and oxygen pressures (Po2) at identical locations within EMT6/Ro multi‐cell spheroids (mean diameters ± SD: 867 ± 20 μm), Po2 measurements were performed with oxygen‐sensitive microelectrodes during incubation of these spheroids with tritiated misonidazole (10 mg/l; 445 μCi/mg). In each individual spheroid, Po2 profiles were correlated with the corresponding spatial distribution of misonidazole as quantified by conventional autoradiography and grain counting. To compare the oxygenation status of spheroids in the measuring chamber with that of spheroids in spinner culture, misonidazole labeling was performed in both environments following the same protocol. All experiments were conducted in 20% oxygen and BME or in 5% oxygen and DMEM to obtain spheroids with different degrees of oxygenation. Labeled misonidazole was fairly evenly distributed in the outer, better oxygenated regions of EMT6 spheroids. In contrast, there was an accumulation of the labeled substance near central necrosis where low oxygen tensions were measured. Grain densities were similar at corresponding oxygen pressures under both environmental conditions. Except for some scatter, grain density as a function of oxygen pressure showed little variation in the Po2 range of 20–60 mm Hg, but exhibited a steep increase below 10 mm Hg. The findings imply that a substantial rise in local misonidazole labeling indicates a meta‐bolically active tissue region at low Po2 that is not necessarily identical with the radiobiologically hypoxic cell fraction. A comparison of the labeling densities of spheroids in spinner flasks and in the Po2 measuring chamber indicates that oxygenation of spheroids is better in rotation culture than during microelectrode measurements. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of EOS Aqua AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice Concentrations Using Landsat-7 and Airborne Microwave Imagery

An assessment of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sea ice concentrations under winter conditions using ice concentrations derived from Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery obtained during the March 2003 Arctic sea ice validation field campaign is presented. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory's Airborne Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer Measurements, which were made from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration P 3B aircraft during the campaign, were used primarily as a diagnostic tool to understand the comparative results and to suggest improvements to the AMSR-E ice concentration algorithm. Based on the AMSR-E/ETM+ comparisons, a good overall agreement with little bias (~1%) for areas of first year and young sea ice was found. Areas of new ice production result in a negative bias of about 5% in the AMSR-E ice concentration retrievals, with a root mean square error of 8%. Some areas of deep snow also resulted in an underestimate of the ice concentration (~10%). For all ice types combined and for the full range of ice concentrations, the bias ranged from 0% to 3%, and the rms errors ranged from 1% to 7%, depending on the region. The new-ice and deep-snow biases are expected to be reduced through an adjustment of the new-ice and ice-type C algorithm tie points
Prevalence and Conditions of Selection of E44D/A and V118I Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Mutations in Clinical Practice

ABSTRACT Recently, it has been shown that a new mutational pattern (the E44D/A and/or V118I mutation) confers moderate phenotypic lamivudine resistance in the absence of the M184V mutation. The E44D/A and/or the V118I mutation does not exist in drug-naive patients, and the prevalence increases with the number of treatment regimens and lamivudine experience. The mutations can preexist in nucleoside-experienced but lamivudine-naive patients. They are always associated with zidovudine resistance-associated mutations, even in the absence of M184V. These mutations are more stable than the M184V substitution during antiretroviral treatment interruptions.
Diagnostic Usefulness of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific T Cell Immunity in Predicting CMV Infection after Kidney Transplantation: A Pilot Proof-of-Concept Study

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important opportunistic infections in transplant recipients. Currently sero-positivity for CMV IgG before solid organ transplantation is the laboratory test of choice for stratifying the risk of CMV reactivation after solid organ transplantation. Theoretically, CMV-specific cell-mediated immune responses before solid organ transplantation should further categorize patients as high or low risk of CMV development. We therefore evaluated the usefulness of the CMV-specific enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in kidney transplant (KT) candidates for predicting the development of CMV infections after transplantation. Materials and Methods All adult CMV IgG (+) recipients admitted to the KT institute between March 2014 and June 2014 were enrolled, and CMV infections after KT were observed between March 2014 and December 2014. All patients underwent CMV pp65 and IE1-specific ELISPOT assays before transplantation. CMV infection was defined in the presence of CMV antigenemia, CMV syndrome, or tissue-invasive CMV disease. We used the data to select optimal cut-off values for pp65 and IE1, respectively, on ROC curves. Results A total of 69 transplant recipients involving 54 (78%) living-donor KT, 9 (13%) deceased-donor KT, 3 (4%) kidney-pancreas transplants, and 3 (4%) pancreas transplants were enrolled. Of the 69 patients, 27 (39%) developed CMV infections. There was no association between the IE1-specific ELISPOT assay and CMV infection. However, only 15 (31%) of the 48 patients with positive pp65-specific ELISPOT results (>10 spots/2.0 × 105 cells) developed CMV infections, whereas 12 (57%) of the 21 patients with negative pp65-specific ELISPOT results developed CMV infection (P = 0.04). Conclusion Negative pp65-specific ELISPOT assay results before transplantation appear to predict the subsequent development of CMV infections after transplantation in CMV IgG (+) KT recipients. Therefore, risk stratification of CMV IgG (+) recipients using the CMV-specific ELISPOT, together with preventive strategies, may further reduce CMV development.
The diagnosis and understanding of apraxia of speech: why including neurodegenerative etiologies may be important.

PURPOSE To discuss apraxia of speech (AOS) as it occurs in neurodegenerative disease (progressive AOS [PAOS]) and how its careful study may contribute to general concepts of AOS and help refine its diagnostic criteria. METHOD The article summarizes our current understanding of the clinical features and neuroanatomical and pathologic correlates of PAOS and its relationship to primary progressive aphasia (PPA). It addresses similarities and differences between PAOS and stroke-induced AOS that may be relevant to improving our understanding of AOS in general. CONCLUSIONS PAOS is clinical disorder that should be distinguished from PPA. Its recognition is important to clinical care provided by speech-language pathologists, but it also has implications for neurologic localization and diagnosis as well as prediction of underlying pathology and histochemistry. The clinical features of PAOS and stroke-induced AOS have not been explicitly compared, but they may not be identical because PAOS does not follow a vascular distribution, the brunt of cortical pathology is in the premotor and supplementary motor area, and its onset (rather than acute) is slowly progressive with potential for adaptation to gradual impairment. Careful description and study of PAOS may be a valuable source of information for refining our understanding of AOS in general.