Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University-Industry Collaboration Journey Towards Product Lines An Experience Report

Product Lines for mission critical Command and Control systems was a starting point for a long lasting research collaboration between National University of Singapore (NUS) and ST Electronics Pte Ltd (STEE). Collaboration was intensified by a joint research project, also involving University of Waterloo and Netron Inc. that led to development of reuse technology called XVCL. The contribution of the paper is twofold: First, we describe collaboration modes, factors that were critical to sustain collaboration, and benefits for university and industry gained over years. Among the main benefits, STEE advanced its reuse practice by applying XVCL in several software Product Line projects, while NUS team received early feedback from STEE which helped refine XVCL reuse methods and keep academic research in sync with industrial realities. Academic findings and industrial pilots have opened new unexpected research directions. Second, we draw conclusions from many projects, most of which we described in earlier papers, to explain the nature, significance and unique contribution of XVCL-based software methods on a more general ground that we could do in earlier papers.
Spread of a nonnative grass across southern Arizona: Multiple data sources to monitor change

Erika Geiger is a Ph.D. Student in the School of Renewable Natural Resources at the University of Arizona in Tucson. She completed a B.S. degree in biology from Colorado University in Boulder, CO, and an M.S. degree in range management from the University of Arizona in Tucson. Theresa Mau-Crimmins is a Ph.D. Student in the School of Renewable Natural Resources at the University of Arizona in Tucson, e-mail: theresam@u.arizona. edu. She completed a B.S. degree in biology and an M.A. degree in geography at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo. Heather Schussman is a Fire Scientist Specialist for The Nature Conservancy, Arizona Chapter. She completed a B.A. degree in biology/anthropology from Whitman College in Washington and an M.S. degree in range management from the University of Arizona in Tucson. In: McClaran, Mitchel P.; Ffolliott, Peter F. ; Edminster, Carleton B. , tech. coords. Santa Rita Experimental Range: 100 years (1903 to 2003) of accomplishments and contributions; conference proceedings; 2003 October 30–November 1; Tucson, AZ. Proc. RMRS-P-30. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Introduction _____________________________________________________
Multiband image fusion using an unsupervised contextual method

A new method of multiband image fusion is proposed. The algorithm, based on an unsupervised method, takes the spatial contextual information into account in the application of Dempster-Shafer theory and sets up initialization and regularization processes adapted to remote sensing images. The importance of introducing spatial contextual information has been illustrated through forest area classification using the Landsat TM sensor.
SYN-SEDIMENTARY TECTONIC MARKINGS IN THE OLIGOCENE DATÇA-KALE-ACI GÖL BASIN, WESTERN ANATOLIA

In southwest Turkey, the Oligocene sedimentary sequence is located on the Datca-Kale-Aci Gol basin between the Menderes Massif and Lycian nappes. To understand the nature of this basin is important for tectonic models that explain the exhumation of the Menderes massif. In the northeast extension of this basin, the sedimentary sequence is interpreted as alluvial fan, fan-delta, beach, marine input, inner shelf carbonates and offshore deposits. The Oligocene Datca-Kale main breakaway fault bounding the south eastern margin of the basin is represented by Inceler and Aci Gol faults in the study area. The wedge geometry of the sequence thickening towards the Inceler normal fault is an evidence of syn-tectonic deposition. The northwest margin of the basin is controlled by two en-echelon faults. The sedimentary sequence has a wedge geometry thickening towards the normal fault and at the same time its upper layers overlap the fault. As a result, the northeast extension of the Datca-Kale-Aci Gol Oligocene basin is an elongated fjord like depositional area containing the shallow marine environments controlled by normal faults located in its southeast and northwest margins. It was demonstrated that the southeast basin margin limited by the Datca- Kale main breakaway fault performed dominant tectonic control. The similar kinematic indicators that is used for the model explaining the exhumation of the Menderes massif by the upward bending of Datca-Kale main breakaway fault are also observed in the northwest of the basin as top to the north-northeast.
Is it the picture or is it the frame? An fMRI study on the neurobiology of framing effects

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we investigated whether a culturally defined context modulates the neurocognitive processing of artworks. We presented subjects with paintings from the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, and labeled them as being either from the MoMA or from an adult education center. Irrespective of aesthetic appreciation, we found higher neural activation in the left precuneus, superior and inferior parietal cortex for the MoMA condition compared to the control label condition. When taking the aesthetic preference for a painting into account, the MoMA condition elicited higher involvement of right precuneus, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Our findings indicate that mental frames, in particular labels of social value, modulate both cognitive and affective aspects of sensory processing.
Controls on the Formation of Lunar Multiring Basins

Multiring basins dominate the crustal structure, tectonics, and stratigraphy of the Moon. Understanding how these basins form is crucial for understanding the evolution of ancient planetary crusts. To understand how preimpact thermal structure and crustal thickness affect the formation of multiring basins, we simulate the formation of lunar basins and their rings under a range of target and impactor conditions. We find that ring locations, spacing, and offsets are sensitive to lunar thermal gradient (strength of the lithosphere), temperature of the deep lunar mantle (strength of the asthenosphere), and preimpact crustal thickness. We also explore the effect of impactor size on the formation of basin rings and reproduce the observed transition from peak‐ring basins to multiring basins and reproduced many observed aspects of ring spacing and location. Our results are in broad agreement with the ring tectonic theory for the formation of basin rings and also suggest that ring tectonic theory applies to the rim scarp of smaller peak‐ring basins.
NIMH collaborative multisite multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD: I. Background and rationale.

OBJECTIVE The National Institute of Mental Health's recently initiated 5-year, multisite, multimodal treatment study of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (MTA) is the first major clinical trial in its history focused on a childhood mental disorder. This article reviews the major scientific and clinical bases for initiating the MTA. METHOD A selective review of the literature is presented in the service of describing the estimated prevalence of ADHD among children and adolescents, its core clinical features, evidence concerning psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatment effects, and related research issues and trends leading to the development of the MTA. RESULTS Despite decades of treatment research and clinical practice, there is an insufficient basis for answering the following manifold question: under what circumstances and with what child characteristics (comorbid conditions, gender, family history, home environment, age, nutritional/metabolic status, etc.) do which treatments or combinations of treatment (stimulants, behavior therapy, parent training, school-based intervention) have what impacts (improvement, stasis, deterioration) on what domains of child functioning (cognitive, academic, behavioral, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, peer relations, family relations), for how long (short versus long term), to what extent (effect sizes, normal versus pathological range), and why (processes underlying change)? CONCLUSIONS The important scientific, clinical, and public health issues nested within this manifold question provide both the impetus and scaffolding for the MTA.
Ectodysplasin has a dual role in ectodermal organogenesis: inhibition of Bmp activity and induction of Shh expression

Ectodermal organogenesis is regulated by inductive and reciprocal signalling cascades that involve multiple signal molecules in several conserved families. Ectodysplasin-A (Eda), a tumour necrosis factor-like signalling molecule, and its receptor Edar are required for the development of a number of ectodermal organs in vertebrates. In mice, lack of Eda leads to failure in primary hair placode formation and missing or abnormally shaped teeth, whereas mice overexpressing Eda are characterized by enlarged hair placodes and supernumerary teeth and mammary glands. Here, we report two signalling outcomes of the Eda pathway: suppression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) activity and upregulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling. Recombinant Eda counteracted Bmp4 activity in developing teeth and, importantly, inhibition of BMP activity by exogenous noggin partially restored primary hair placode formation in Eda-deficient skin in vitro, indicating that suppression of Bmp activity was compromised in the absence of Eda. The downstream effects of the Eda pathway are likely to be mediated by transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), but the transcriptional targets of Edar have remained unknown. Using a quantitative approach, we show in cultured embryonic skin that Eda induced the expression of two Bmp inhibitors, Ccn2/Ctgf (CCN family protein 2/connective tissue growth factor) and follistatin. Moreover, our data indicate that Shh is a likely transcriptional target of Edar, but, unlike noggin, recombinant Shh was unable to rescue primary hair placode formation in Eda-deficient skin explants.
Upper Extremity Use in People with Hemiparesis in the First Few Weeks After Stroke

The purposes of this report were to: 1) determine the amount of upper extremity use in people with hemiparesis post stroke during their inpatient rehabilitation stay, and 2) to examine the relationships between upper extremity use and impairments and activity limitations at this early time point after stroke. We studied 34 subjects with mild-to-moderate acute hemiparesis (mean time since stroke = 9.3 days) and 10 healthy control subjects. Upper extremity use was measured over 24 hours using bilateral wrist accelerometers. Upper extremity impairments and activity limitations were measured using standard clinical techniques and tests. We found that healthy control subjects use their dominant and nondominant upper extremities 8–9 hours per day. Hemiparetic subjects used their affected and unaffected upper extremities substantially less than control subjects, 3.3 and 6.0 hours per day, respectively. Seven of ten impairment level measures and each of the activity level measures were related to affected upper extremity use. The impairment measures that were related to upper extremity use were those measures that assessed the ability to activate muscles (ie active range of motion and force production) and the measurement of shoulder pain. Our data show that affected upper extremity use is minimal during the inpatient rehabilitation stay, especially given that patients in this setting are required to have 3 hours of therapy per day. We speculate that accelerometer measurements of upper extremity use could be used in a variety of settings and that the objective information they provide would be of great value to clinicians as they select treatments and evaluate progress.
A General Digit-Serial Architecture for Montgomery Modular Multiplication

The Montgomery algorithm is a fast modular multiplication method frequently used in cryptographic applications. This paper investigates the digit-serial implementations of the Montgomery algorithm for large integers. A detailed analysis is given and a tight upper bound is presented for the intermediate results obtained during the digit-serial computation. Based on this analysis, an efficient digit-serial Montgomery modular multiplier architecture using carry save adders is proposed and its complexity is presented. In this architecture, pipelined carry select adders are used to perform two final tasks: adding carry save vectors representing the modular product and subtracting the modulus from this addition, if further reduction is needed. The proposed architecture can be designed for any digit size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and modulus <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This paper also presents logic formulas for the bits of the precomputation <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-\theta ^{-1}\bmod 2^{\delta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> used in the Montgomery algorithm for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta \leq 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, evaluation of the proposed architecture on Virtex 7 FPGAs is presented.
Infestation and Hydraulic Consequences of Induced Carbon Starvation1

Drought impacts on forests, including widespread die-off, are likely to increase with future climate change, although the physiological responses of trees to lethal drought are poorly understood. In particular, in situ examinations of carbon starvation and its interactions with and effects on infestation and hydraulic vulnerability are largely lacking. In this study, we conducted a controlled, in situ, repeated defoliation experiment to induce carbon stress in isolated trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) ramets. We monitored leaf morphology, leaves per branch, and multitissue carbohydrate concentrations during canopy defoliation. We examined the subsequent effects of defoliation and defoliation-induced carbon stress on vulnerability to insect/fungus infestation and hydraulic vulnerability the following year. Defoliated ramets flushed multiple canopies, which coincided with moderate drawdown of nonstructural carbohydrate reserves. Infestation frequency greatly increased and hydraulic conductivity decreased 1 year after defoliation. Despite incomplete carbohydrate drawdown from defoliation and relatively rapid carbohydrate recovery, suggesting considerable carbohydrate reserves in aspen, defoliation-induced carbon stress held significant consequences for vulnerability to mortality agents and hydraulic performance. Our results indicate that multiyear consequences of drought via feedbacks are likely important for understanding forests’ responses to drought and climate change over the coming decades.
Air temperature and lapse rate variation in the ice‐free and glaciated areas of northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, during 2013–2016

Studies assessing air temperature variations and their dependence on altitude from the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula are sparse. In this paper, we analyse air temperature and near‐surface lapse rates from the Ulu Peninsula (James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula). The temperature data were acquired from nine sites both in ice‐free areas and glaciers of the Ulu Peninsula in 2013–2016. The most important factors influencing air temperature differences were sea‐ice conditions, topography and ground surface properties. During the study period, air temperature decreased with height with the mean lapse rate of 0.40 °C 100 m−1 for the ice‐free sites (10–375 m a.s.l.) and 0.43 °C 100 m−1 for the glaciated sites (268–539 m a.s.l.). However, the values were lower in winter (ice‐free: 0.02 °C 100 m−1 and glacier: 0.31 °C 100 m−1) than in summer (ice‐free: 0.62 °C 100 m−1 and glacier: 0.51 °C 100 m−1) for both categories. The air layer between 10 and 56 m a.s. l. in the ice‐free area revealed an almost year‐round air temperature inversion resulting in a mean lapse rate of −0.79 °C 100 m−1 and an air temperature inversion frequency reaching up to 43%. The temperature inversion frequency was 10% lower for the lowest air layer for the glacier category, which was between 268 and 356 m a.s. l. The land surface air temperature was the highest when the wind was from the northwest and lowest when it was from the south–southwest. The near‐surface lapse rate–wind direction relationship was the most pronounced for the air layer between 10 and 56 m a.s. l. with the lowest mean lapse rate for west–southwest wind (−2.83 °C 100 m−1) and the highest for east–northeast wind (0.41 °C 100 m−1).
Quantitative assessment of the timing and tuning of visual-related, saccade-related, and delay period activity in primate central thalamus.

This study investigates the visuomotor properties of several nuclei within primate central thalamus. These nuclei, which might be considered components of an oculomotor thalamus (OcTh), are found within and at the borders of the internal medullary lamina. These nuclei have extensive anatomical links to numerous cortical and subcortical visuomotor areas including the frontal eye fields, supplementary eye fields, prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, caudate, and substantia nigra pars reticulata. Previous single-unit recordings have shown that neurons in OcTh respond during self-paced spontaneous saccades and to visual stimuli in the absence of any specific behavioral requirement, but a thorough account of the activity of these areas in association with voluntary, goal-directed movement is lacking. We recorded activity from single neurons in primate central thalamus during performance of a visually guided delayed saccade task. The sample consisted primarily of neurons from the centrolateral and paracentral intralaminar nuclei and paralaminar regions of the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei. Neurons responsive to sensory, delay, and motor phases of the task were observed in each region, with many neurons modulated during multiple task periods. Across the population, variation in the quality and timing of saccade-contingent activity suggested participation in functions ranging from generating a saccade (presaccadic) to registering its consequences (e.g., efference copy). Finally, many neurons were found to carry spatial information during the delay period, suggesting a role for central thalamus in higher-order aspects of visuomotor control.
Why are foreign firms more productive than domestic firms

In analyzing firm productivity and efficiency in Belgium, this paper empirically shows that foreign firms are significantly more productive than domestic firms. Large differences in productivity between foreign firms and domestic firms exist even after controlling for other firm characteristics put forward by theoretical models formalizing heterogeneity between firms. The productivity differential between foreign firms and domestic firms is explained by differences in scale and technical efficiency. Stochastic production frontiers using the translog form indicate that foreign firms exploit economies of scale more optimally through their large scale and capital intensive production processes. In addition foreign firms are found to be significantly more (technical) efficient than domestic firms in all industries. The differences are found to be largest between foreign firms and single-nation Belgian firms, while Belgian MNEs resemble strikingly well the foreign subsidiaries active in Belgium in terms of returns to scale and efficiency. Together these results confirm the importance of firm specific advantages by MNEs. Firms self select and only the most efficient firms become MNEs (foreign as well as Belgian owned) as they know have to compensate their liability of foreigness. JEL-codes: F23, L10, M20.
Hirsch index rankings require scaling and higher moment

Simple bibliometric indicators, such as average number of citations per publication per researcher, or the recently-proposed Hirsch index (h-index), are nowadays tracked by online repositories including Web-of-Science (WOS) and often affect critical decision making. This work proposes appropriate scaling of the h-index, based on its probability distribution which is calculated for any underlying citation distribution. The proposed approach outperforms existing index estimation models which have focused on the expected value only (i.e. first moment). Furthermore, it is shown that average number of citations per publication per scientific field, total number of publications per researcher, as well as researcher’s h-index measured value, expected value and standard deviation constitute the minimum information required for meaningful h-index ranking campaigns; otherwise contradicting ranking results emerge. This work may potentially shed light to (current or future) large-scale, h-index-based bibliometric evaluations.
Designing Fair Ranking Schemes

Items from a database are often ranked based on a combination of criteria. The weight given to each criterion in the combination can greatly affect the fairness of the produced ranking, for example, preferring men over women. A user may have the flexibility to choose combinations that weigh these criteria differently, within limits. In this paper, we develop a system that helps users choose criterion weights that lead to greater fairness. We consider ranking functions that compute the score of each item as a weighted sum of (numeric) attribute values, and then sort items on their score. Each ranking function can be expressed as a point in a multi-dimensional space. For a broad range of fairness criteria, including proportionality, we show how to efficiently identify regions in this space that satisfy these criteria. Using this identification method, our system is able to tell users whether their proposed ranking function satisfies the desired fairness criteria and, if it does not, to suggest the smallest modification that does. Our extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate that our methods are able to find solutions that satisfy fairness criteria effectively (usually with only small changes to proposed weight vectors) and efficiently (in interactive time, after some initial pre-processing).