Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doodle Poll Games

In Doodle polls, each voter approves a subset of the available alternatives according to his preferences. While such polls can be captured by the standard models of Approval voting, Zou et al. (2015) analyse real-life Doodle poll data and conclude that poll participants' behaviour seems to be affected by considerations other than their intrinsic preferences over the alternatives. To capture this phenomenon, they propose a model of social voting, where voters approve their top alternatives as well as additional `safe' choices so as to appear cooperative. The predictions of this model turn out to be consistent with the real-life data. However, Zou et al. do not attempt to rationalise the voters' behaviour in the context of social voting: they explicitly describe the voters' strategies rather than explain how these strategies arise from voters' preferences. In this paper, we complement the work of Zou et al. by putting forward a model in which the behaviour described by Zou et al. arises as an equilibrium strategy. In our model, a voter derives a bonus from approving each additional alternative, up to a certain cap. We show that trembling hand perfect Nash equilibria of our model behave consistently with the model of Zou et al. Importantly, placing a cap on the total bonus is an essential component of our model: in the absence of the cap, all Nash equilibria are very far from the behaviour observed in Doodle polls.
Phospholipid-mediated delivery of anti-GAP-43 antibodies into neuroblastoma cells prevents neuritogenesis

The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 is expressed during axonal outgrowth and regeneration (for review, see Benowitz and Routtenberg, 1987). In the present study, we demonstrate that GAP-43 is constitutively expressed by NB2a/d1 neuroblastoma cells. The initial, most rapid outgrowth period of neuritogenesis [0–4 hr after dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) treatment] is accompanied by intense GAP-43 immunoreactivity along the entire length of most neurites. However, this immunoreactivity declined nearly to background levels within hours during continued neurite outgrowth and persisted only at varicosities and growth cones. GAP-43 was detectable by metabolic labeling and immunoblot analysis in undifferentiated cells, and synthetic rates and steady-state levels of GAP-43 underwent only a modest (approximately twofold) increase during dbcAMP-induced differentiation. Unlike levels observed in neurites, perikarya of undifferentiated and differentiated cells contained similar, intense levels of GAP-43 immunoreactivity. Neurite elaboration and GAP-43 immunoreactivity were unaffected by treatment with cycloheximide, suggesting that translocation of perikaryal GAP-43 pools, rather than de novo synthesis, contributes to the transient burst of GAP-43 observed in developing neurites. Phosphatidylcholine-mediated delivery of anti-GAP-43 antibodies (alpha GAP) into cells immediately before dbcAMP treatment arrested neuritogenesis but did not induce the retraction of existing neurites. These results indicate that, while GAP- 43 expression is insufficient to induce neuritogenesis in NB2a/d1 cells, GAP-43 is nevertheless essential for the initial, dynamic phase of neurite outgrowth.
B~idence from the Housing Market Federal Reserve Bank of Boston

This paper examines the effects of intergenerationa] transfers on saving behavior by examining private wealth transfers targeted toward first-time hdme purchases. The study of transfer behavior in the housing market is advantageous for a number of reasons: the down payment requirement associated with home purchase can be thought of as an important, well-defined borrowing constraint that most U.S. households face; private wealth transfers targeted to home purchases are significant; and home equity is a highly important component of household wealth in the United Sha~es The empirical analysis shows that transfer recipients have a saving rate that is lower than that of non-recipients by as much as 6 pgrcentage points, representing a reduction of 39 to 49 percent in the household saving race. In addition, households tha~ receive transfers reduce the’ time required to save for ~he down payment by 22 percent. For each dollar of transfer received, households increase the ~to! lar amount of the down pa2:ment by abou~ 85 cents, allowing them to achieve a high~~! ~’:. ~iown payment threshold. Households also increase the value of the home purchased upo~’i1⁄2e&eiving a transfer, but by an amount that is much lower than would be possible if the ;ransfer were fully leveraged. The amount of the transfer appears ;o be ;argeted co help households achieve certain down payment thresholds that give favorable ~erms on mortgages. Although the evidence suggests that the availability of a transfer reduces household savings, we cannot rejec~ the alternative hypothesis that transfer recipients are inherently low savers.
Is the power of typography a marketing myth?

This article examines the literature about typography and the connotative power of fonts, concluding that the existing scholarly research is so brief and sketchy as to provide little support for many of the popular myths and widespread arguments about the importance of font to corporate branding. There are passionate proponents of font branding, and there are even legal arguments in support of font connotation. Yet, while many if not most of these arguments may ultimately prove supportable, this article concludes that to date, the empirical research is scant. Much more investigation is needed to ensure that organisations investing in typography are doing so for valid reasons.
Toward a Model of Explaining Teachers’ Innovative Behavior

Innovative behavior can be described as a process in which new ideas are generated, created, developed, applied, promoted, realized, and modified by employees to benefit role performance. Various reasons, such as rapid technological and social changes in society, underline the necessity for innovative behavior of employees and certainly of teachers. However, little research has been conducted that explores teacher innovative behavior and which factors influence this behavior or what effects can be achieved through such behavior. In this systematic literature review, we develop a preliminary model of factors that enhance innovative behavior in educational organizations. Similar to findings of studies in other human behavior fields, self-efficacy plays an important role as well as a variety of individual and environmental factors. Based on this review, we urge for more systematic research on teacher innovative behavior to enhance the future quality of education.
HLA-E: Presentation of a Broader Peptide Repertoire Impacts the Cellular Immune Response—Implications on HSCT Outcome

The HLA-E locus encodes a nonclassical class Ib molecule that serves many immune functions from inhibiting NK cells to activating CTLs. Structural analysis of HLA-E/NKG2A complexes visualized fine-tuning of protective immune responses through AA interactions between HLA-E, the bound peptide, and NKG2A/CD94. A loss of cellular protection through abrogation of the HLA-E/NKG2A engagement is dependent on the HLA-E bound peptide. The role of HLA-E in posttransplant outcomes is not well understood but might be attributed to its peptide repertoire. To investigate the self-peptide repertoire of HLA-E∗01:01 in the absence of protective HLA class I signal peptides, we utilized soluble HLA technology in class I negative LCL cells in order to characterize HLA-E∗01:01-bound ligands by mass-spectrometry. To understand the immunological impact of these analyzed ligands on NK cell reactivity, we performed cellular assays. Synthesized peptides were loaded onto recombinant T2 cells expressing HLA-E∗01:01 molecules and applied in cytotoxicity assays using the leukemia derived NK cell line (NKL) as effector. HLA-E in complex with the self-peptides demonstrated a shift towards cytotoxicity and a loss of cell protection. Our data highlights the fact that the HLA-E-peptidome is not as restricted as previously thought and support the suggestion of a posttransplant role for HLA-E.
Physical Parameters and Classification of Eight Galactic Nuclei from the Second Byurakan Survey

Accurate estimates of spectral parameters are essential to investigate the physical conditions in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In particular, intrinsic reddening can be estimated from the Hα/Hβ ratio of the narrow-line components. The mass of the central black hole can be obtained from the stellar velocity dispersion in the bulge, which can be estimated from the [O iii] λ5007 line width or from the relation between the AGN luminosity and the width of the broad Hβ component. Two different luminosity values are important: one is derived from the monochromatic flux at 5100 A, and the other is the integrated luminosity for the broad component of Hβ. The spectral parameters are also a fundamental key to obtaining a reliable classification. Spectroscopic observations with a resolution of 4.5 A were performed for a sample of eight galactic nuclei extracted from the Second Byurakan Survey, in addition to one galaxy companion of SBS 1204+505B. The equivalent width and FWHM of the emission lines were measured, and useful line ratios and diagnostic diagrams were used for object classification and reddening estimates. Intrinsic reddening quantities were calculated for all non-quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) (i.e., seven objects). In particular, these include the amount of reddening, B – V color excess, extinction coefficient, and optical depth in the V band, at the Hα and Hβ wavelengths, and at 5100 A. The size of the broad-line region was also estimated for seven objects, as were the central black hole masses. Three mass estimates were usually performed for each object and were compared. A peculiar line, probably He i λ5048, is detected in the QSO SBS 1626+554. Evidence for a stratified narrow-line region is found for the two narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies included in the sample. A revised classification is proposed for two objects, and the galaxy companion of SBS 1204+505B is reported as being a nuclear starburst galaxy.
From Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestation, and Diagnosis to Treatment: An Overview on Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a special type of chronic pancreatitis which is autoimmune mediated. The international consensus diagnostic criteria (ICDC) 2011 proposed two types of AIP: type I is associated with histological pattern of lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP), characterized by serum IgG4 elevation, whereas type 2 is named idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis (IDCP), with granulocytic epithelial lesion (GEL) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) negative. The pathogenic mechanism is unclear now; based on genetic factors, disease specific or related antigens, innate and adaptive immunity may be involved. The most common clinical manifestations of AIP are obstructive jaundice and upper abdominal pain. The diagnosis can be made by a combination of parenchymal and ductal imaging, serum IgG4 concentrations, pancreatic histology, extrapancreatic disease, and glucocorticoid responsiveness according to ICDC 2011. Because of the clinical and imaging similarities with pancreatic cancer, general work-up should be done carefully to exclude pancreatic malignant tumor before empirical trial of glucocorticoid treatment. Glucocorticoid is the most common drug for AIP to induce remission, while there still exists controversy on steroid maintenance and treatment for relapse. Further studies should be done to identify more specific serum biomarkers for AIP, the pathogenic mechanisms, and the treatment for relapse.
Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension in the UK

Contemporary prognostic equations in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) derived from US and French cohorts may not perform as well in the UK as a locally derived scoring scheme. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a UK risk score to predict prognosis in PAH. Baseline mortality predictors identified by multivariate Cox analysis in 182 incident PAH patients were used to derive the Scottish composite score (SCS). Its prognostic performance in an independent UK cohort was compared with the French registry and Pulmonary Hypertension Connection (PHC) registry equations using Brier scores (BS). The SCS based on age, sex, aetiology, right atrial pressure, cardiac output and 6-min walk distance predicted survival in the validation cohort (hazard ratio (HR) 1.7 per point increase; p<0.001) and provided further prognostic stratification in World Health Organization (WHO) functional class III patients (HR 1.8 per point increase; p<0.001). It was more accurate than the French registry equation in predicting 1-yr survival (BS: 0.092 versus 0.146; p=0.001) and 2-yr survival (0.131 versus 0.255; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in BS between the SCS and PHC registry equation. The SCS predicts survival and can be used to supplement WHO functional class in prognostication.
The Genome Sequence of Rickettsia felis Identifies the First Putative Conjugative Plasmid in an Obligate Intracellular Parasite

We sequenced the genome of Rickettsia felis, a flea-associated obligate intracellular α-proteobacterium causing spotted fever in humans. Besides a circular chromosome of 1,485,148 bp, R. felis exhibits the first putative conjugative plasmid identified among obligate intracellular bacteria. This plasmid is found in a short (39,263 bp) and a long (62,829 bp) form. R. felis contrasts with previously sequenced Rickettsia in terms of many other features, including a number of transposases, several chromosomal toxin–antitoxin genes, many more spoT genes, and a very large number of ankyrin- and tetratricopeptide-motif-containing genes. Host-invasion-related genes for patatin and RickA were found. Several phenotypes predicted from genome analysis were experimentally tested: conjugative pili and mating were observed, as well as β-lactamase activity, actin-polymerization-driven mobility, and hemolytic properties. Our study demonstrates that complete genome sequencing is the fastest approach to reveal phenotypic characters of recently cultured obligate intracellular bacteria.
Co‐occurrence patterns in a diverse arboreal ant community are explained more by competition than habitat requirements

Abstract A major goal of community ecology is to identify the patterns of species associations and the processes that shape them. Arboreal ants are extremely diverse and abundant, making them an interesting and valuable group for tackling this issue. Numerous studies have used observational data of species co‐occurrence patterns to infer underlying assembly processes, but the complexity of these communities has resulted in few solid conclusions. This study takes advantage of an observational dataset that is unusually well‐structured with respect to habitat attributes (tree species, tree sizes, and vegetation structure), to disentangle different factors influencing community organization. In particular, this study assesses the potential role of interspecific competition and habitat selection on the distribution patterns of an arboreal ant community by incorporating habitat attributes into the co‐occurrence analyses. These findings are then contrasted against species traits, to explore functional explanations for the identified community patterns. We ran a suite of null models, first accounting only for the species incidence in the community and later incorporating habitat attributes in the null models. We performed analyses with all the species in the community and then with only the most common species using both a matrix‐level approach and a pairwise‐level approach. The co‐occurrence patterns did not differ from randomness in the matrix‐level approach accounting for all ant species in the community. However, a segregated pattern was detected for the most common ant species. Moreover, with the pairwise approach, we found a significant number of negative and positive pairs of species associations. Most of the segregated associations appear to be explained by competitive interactions between species, not habitat affiliations. This was supported by comparisons of species traits for significantly associated pairs. These results suggest that competition is the most important influence on the distribution patterns of arboreal ants within the focal community. Habitat attributes, in contrast, showed no significant influence on the matrix‐wide results and affected only a few associations. In addition, the segregated pairs shared more biological characteristic in common than the aggregated and random ones.
Constraining Torus Models for AGNs Using X-ray Observations

Context. In Unification Models, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are beli eved to be surrounded by an axisymmetric structure of dust and gas, which greatly influences their observed properties accordi ng to the direction from which they are observed. Aims. The main aim of this work is to constrain the properties of this obscuring material using X-Ray observations. Methods. The distribution of column densities observed by Chandra in the Chandra Deep Field Southis used to determine geometrical constraints for already proposed torus models. Results. It is found that the best torus model is given by a classical ‘d onut shape’ with an exponential angular dependency of the de nsity profile. The opening angle is strongly constrained by the obs erved column densities. Other proposed torus models are clearly rejected by the X-Ray observations. Conclusions.
Let the Punishment Fit the Criminal: An Experimental Study

We use a laboratory experiment to study the extent to which people tailor levels of punishment to the subjective experience of the person to receive that punishment, for both monetary and non-monetary sanctions. We find that subjects tend to apply higher fines to wealthier individuals. Additionally, subjects assign more repetitions of a tedious task to those with a lower willingness-to-pay to avoid it. We find no evidence that the distributions of monetary and non-monetary punishments are different when considered as proportions of the maximum possible punishment, but that this does not hold when non-monetary punishments are converted into monetary equivalents. This suggests that subjects do not have in mind a particular level of disutility from the punishment, but rather are guided by the sentencing possibilities.
Listening in Paris: A Cultural History.

Beginning with the simple question, 'Why did audiences grow silent? ' "Listening in Paris" gives a spectator's-eye view of opera and concert life from the Old Regime to the Romantic era, describing the transformation in musical experience from social event to profound aesthetic encounter. James H. Johnson recreates the experience of audiences during these rich decades with brio and wit. Woven into the narrative is an analysis of the political, musical, and aesthetic factors that produced more engaged listening. Johnson shows the gradual pacification of audiences from loud and unruly listeners to the attentive public we know today. Drawing from a wide range of sources - novels, memoirs, police files, personal correspondence, newspaper reviews, architectural plans, and the like - Johnson brings the performances to life: the hubbub of eighteenth-century opera, the exuberance of Revolutionary audiences, Napoleon's musical authoritarianism, the bourgeoisie's polite consideration. He singles out the music of Gluck, Haydn, Rossini, and Beethoven as especially important in forging new ways of hearing. This book's theoretical edge will appeal to cultural and intellectual historians in many fields and periods.
Ligustrazine for the Treatment of Unstable Angina: A Meta-Analysis of 16 Randomized Controlled Trials

Ligustrazine is a principal ingredient of chuanxiong. Concerns regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of ligustrazine in the treatment of UA have resulted in a meta-analysis combined with recent clinical evidence. Seven computer databases that included the China hospital knowledge database (CHKD), Wanfang Med Online, the Chinese medical journal database (CMJD), PubMed, Cochrane, Embase (Ovid), and Medline (Ovid) were systematically searched. We included randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Our systematic review identified 16 RCTs that met our eligibility criteria. Ligustrazine combined with conventional medicine was associated with an increased rate of marked improvement in symptoms and an increased rate of marked improvement of ECG compared with conventional Western medicine alone. Additionally, the use of ligustrazine was associated with significant trends in the reduction of the consumption of nitroglycerin and the level of fibrinogen when compared with conventional Western medicine alone. No firm results were found between the intervention and the control method groups in the reduction of the time of onset or the frequency of acute attack angina due to the high level of heterogeneity. In conclusion, our meta-analysis found that ligustrazine was associated with some benefits for people with unstable angina.
Drawing as Self-Expression with Normally Functioning Adults: A 10-week Technique

In this research study, a sample of normally functioning adults (N = 30) each made a series of small drawings, one each week for 10 weeks. Participants completed two questionnaires about their experiences of making the series. The pre-intervention questionnaire collected demographic information and asked participants to rate their perceived ability to use drawing for self-expression on a Likert scale. The postintervention questionnaire again asked participants to rate their perceived ability to use drawing for self-expression. Results indicated a significant change from pre to post intervention (p = 0.012) in perceived expressive drawing ability. The post intervention questionnaire also collected data about the specific techniques employed. Participants indicated that fun/enjoyment and calming were the most important advantages. The most cited helpful suggestion was that drawing can be used for self-expression. The small size of the drawing cards was rated as the most popular element. Qualitative data supported the idiosyncratic ways that participants used drawing for self-expression. Overall findings provided evidence of the ways that normally functioning adults can be supported to experience and value self-expressive drawing. Within the context of positive psychology this study contributes to research findings about the well being and optimal functioning of participants.
A Nearly-Black-Box Online Algorithm for Joint Parameter and State Estimation in Temporal Models

Online joint parameter and state estimation is a core problem for temporal models.Most existing methods are either restricted to a particular class of models (e.g., the Storvik filter) or computationally expensive (e.g., particle MCMC). We propose a novel nearly-black-box algorithm, the Assumed Parameter Filter (APF), a hybrid of particle filtering for state variables and assumed density filtering for parameter variables.It has the following advantages:(a) it is online and computationally efficient;(b) it is applicable to both discrete and continuous parameter spaces with arbitrary transition dynamics.On a variety of toy and real models, APF generates more accurate results within a fixed computation budget compared to several standard algorithms from the literature.