Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A highly flexible ring oscillator PUF

Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is one of the most promising hardware features that can be utilized to improve system security. Ring Oscillator (RO) PUF captures the delay difference of a pair or a group of ROs introduced during fabrication process and defines PUF secrecy based on such difference. In this paper, we propose a framework to build RO PUF at inverter level, instead of RO level. This provides us the flexibility in choosing whether an inverter should be included in the RO-PUF and hence improve the security and reliability of RO PUF secrecy and reduce its hardware cost. Experimental results demonstrate that the PUF secrecy generated by our configurable RO PUFs is random (by passing the NIST randomness test) and unique from chip to chip. Our approach is more reliable against voltage and temperature variation than the original RO PUF and is 4X more hardware efficient than the robust l-out-of-8 RO PUF.
Understanding the Science Experiences of Successful Women of Color: Science Identity as an Analytic Lens.

In this study, we develop a model of science identity to make sense of the science experiences of 15 successful women of color over the course of their undergraduate and graduate studies in science and into science-related careers. In our view, science identity accounts both for how women make meaning of science experiences and how society structures possible meanings. Primary data included ethnographic interviews during students' undergraduate careers, follow-up interviews 6 years later, and ongoing member-checking. Our results highlight the importance of recognition by others for women in the three science identity trajectories: research scientist; altruistic scientist; and disrupted scientist. The women with research scientist identities were passionate about science and recognized themselves and were recognized by science faculty as science people. The women with altruistic scientist identities regarded science as a vehicle for altruism and created innovative meanings of ''science,'' ''recognition by others,'' and ''woman of color in science. '' The women with disrupted scientist identities sought, but did not often receive, recognition by meaningful scientific others. Although they were ultimately successful, their trajectories were more difficult because, in part, their bids for recognition were disrupted by the interaction with gendered, ethnic, and racial factors. This study clarifies theoretical conceptions of science identity, promotes a rethinking of recruitment and retention efforts, and illuminates various ways women of color experience, make meaning of, and negotiate the culture of science. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1187-1218, 2007.
Map fusion based on a multi-map SLAM framework

This paper presents a method for fusing two maps of an environment: one estimated with an application of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) concept and the other one known a priori by a vehicle. The goal of such an application is double: first, to estimate the vehicle pose in this known map and, second, to constrain the map estimate with the known map using an implementation of the local maps fusion approach and a heterogeneous mapping of the environment. This article shows how a priori knowledge available in the form of a map can be fused within an EKF-SLAM framework to obtain more accuracy on the vehicle poses and map estimates. Simulation and experimental results are given to show these improvements.
Rotational flow in gravity current heads

The structure of gravity currents and plumes, in an unbounded ambient, on a slope of arbitrary angle is analysed. Inviscid, rotational flow solutions in a wedge are used to study the flow near the front of a current, and used to show that the Froude number is and the angle of the front to the slope is 60°. This extends the result of von Kármán (1940) to arbitrary slope angles and large internal current velocities. The predictions of the theory are briefly compared with experiments and used to explain the large negative (relative to ambient) pressures involved in avalanches.
Prevalence of Rotavirus in shellfish from Southern Kerala.

Aim: To study the prevalence of Rotavirus in shellfish from Southern Kerala. Materials and Methods: The shellfish samples after processing was concentrated using proteinase K. RNA was isolated from the concentrated samples using phenol chloroform method. Rota viral RNA was detected using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction. Results: A low prevalence of 2.5% (5/200) was obtained during the study. Rotavirus was detected in 2 out of 60 brown mussels (3.33%), 2 out of 70 yellow clams (2.86%) and 1 out of 70 black clams (1.43%). Conclusion: Low prevalence of Rotavirus was obtained in our study. A more extensive study need to be conducted to estimate the prevalence of enteric virus in shellfish.
Pleiotropic Effects of Sox2 during the Development of the Zebrafish Epithalamus

The zebrafish epithalamus is part of the diencephalon and encompasses three major components: the pineal, the parapineal and the habenular nuclei. Using sox2 knockdown, we show here that this key transcriptional regulator has pleiotropic effects during the development of these structures. Sox2 negatively regulates pineal neurogenesis. Also, Sox2 is identified as the unknown factor responsible for pineal photoreceptor prepatterning and performs this function independently of the BMP signaling. The correct levels of sox2 are critical for the functionally important asymmetrical positioning of the parapineal organ and for the migration of parapineal cells as a coherent structure. Deviations from this strict control result in defects associated with abnormal habenular laterality, which we have documented and quantified in sox2 morphants.
Kinematics of the ionised gas in the spiral galaxy NGC 2403

We present a study of the kinematics of the ionised gas in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 2403 using deep long-slit spectra obtained with the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope. The data show the presence of a halo component of ionised gas that is rotating more slowly than the gas in the disk. The kinematics of this ionised halo gas is similar to that of the neutral halo gas. On small scales. broad line profiles (up to 300 km s(-1) wide) indicate regions of fast Outflows of ionised gas. We discuss these new results in the context of galactic fountain models.
Pathogenic Mechanisms Involved in the Hematological Alterations of Arenavirus-induced Hemorrhagic Fevers

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) caused by arenaviruses are acute diseases characterized by fever, headache, general malaise, impaired cellular immunity, eventual neurologic involvement, and hemostatic alterations that may ultimately lead to shock and death. The causes of the bleeding are still poorly understood. However, it is generally accepted that these causes are associated to some degree with impaired hemostasis, endothelial cell dysfunction and low platelet counts or function. In this article, we present the current knowledge about the hematological alterations present in VHF induced by arenaviruses, including new aspects on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
The Use of Semantic Human Description as a Soft Biometric

Gait as a biometric has a unique advantage that it can be used when images are acquired at a distance and other biometrics are at too low a resolution to be perceived. In such a situation, there is still information which can be readily perceived by human vision, yet is difficult to extract automatically. We examine how this information can be used to enrich the recognition process. We call these descriptions semantic annotations and investigate their use in biometric scenarios. We outline a group of visually assessable physical traits formulated as a mutually exclusive set of semantic terms; we contend that these traits are usable in soft biometric fusion. An experiment to gather semantic annotations was performed and the most reliable traits are identified using ANOVA. We rate the ability to correctly identify subjects using these semantically prescribed traits, both in isolation as well as in fusion with an automatically derived gait signature.
: Testing the Memory Cue Hypothesis in a Collaborative Tagging System

As an example of exploring human memory cue use in an ecologically valid context, we present ongoing work to examine the “memory cue hypothesis” in collaborative tagging. In collaborative tagging systems, which allow users to assign freeform textual labels to digital resources, it is generally assumed that tags function as memory cues that facilitate future retrieval of the resources to which they are assigned. There is, however, little emprirical evidence demonstrating that this is in fact the case. Employing large-scale music listening and tagging data from the social music website Last.fm as a case study, we present a set of time series and information theoretic analytic methods we are using to explore how patterns of content tagging and interaction support or refute the hypothesis that tags function as retreival cues. Early results are, on average, consistent with the hypothesis. There is an immediate practical application of this work to those working with collaborative tagging systems (are user motivations what we think they are? ), but our work also comprises contributions of interest to the cognitive science community: First, we are expanding our understanding of how people generate and use memory cues “in the wild”. Second, we are enriching the “toolbox” available to cognitive scientists for studying cognition using large-scale, ecologically valid data that is latent in the logged activity of web users.
Adaptive Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection System Using Fuzzy Controller

The main feature of anomaly-based intrusion detection systems is detection of new attacks in the networks, even though numerous false alarms are caused in order to disregard this important feature. Although the previous improved detection models decrease the number of false alarms, but their efficiency due to changes in the normal behavior of the system is not reasonable. In this paper, we present an anomaly-based intrusion detection system to improve the system performance. Fuzzy rule-based modeling and fuzzy controller are used to create a detection model in the training phase and update this model in the test phase respectively. Moreover, the results of system’s predictions buffered and presented to the system user later. After that, system user verifies these decisions and fuzzy controller tunes detection model using system user’s feedbacks. We evaluated our system using the NCL dataset. Our dataset is a subset of KDD-99 dataset that does not contain any duplicated record. Furthermore, it includes a few difficult records that none of common classification methods in this area is able to classify them correctly. We have also proved that our test results can significantly increase the performance of the system about 20 percent using adaptive IDS. We also conclude that our proposed anomaly based intrusion detection increases the accuracy of the system about 15 percent.
MAGIC pointing for eyewear computers

In this paper, we propose a combination of head and eye movements for touchlessly controlling the "mouse pointer" on eyewear devices, exploiting the speed of eye pointing and accuracy of head pointing. The method is a wearable computer-targeted variation of the original MAGIC pointing approach which combined gaze tracking with a classical mouse device. The result of our experiment shows that the combination of eye and head movements is faster than head pointing for far targets and more accurate than eye pointing.
Psychological Determinants for Consumer Trust in E-Retailing

A suture organizer apparatus for use with sealed packets of surgical needles and sutures, opened packets for said needles and sutures, and used needles, the apparatus formed as a housing comprising three sections separated from each other by walls, with at least first and second compartments in each section, each compartment in said third section comprising walls defining a space with an opening and an absorbent material traversing said space, said material being impalable to cling to a needle impaled therein.
Planetary Companions around Two Solar‐Type Stars: HD 195019 and HD 217107

We have enlarged the sample of stars in the planet search at Lick Observatory. Doppler measurements of 82 new stars observed at Lick Observatory, with additional velocities from Keck Observatory, have revealed two new planet candidates. The G3 V/IV star, HD 195019, exhibits Keplerian velocity variations with a period of 18.27 days, an orbital eccentricity of 0.03 ± 0.03, and Msin i = 3.51 MJUP. Based on a measurement of Ca ii H and K emission, this star is chromospherically inactive. We estimate the metallicity of HD 195019 to be approximately solar from ubvy photometry. The second planet candidate was detected around HD 217107, a G7 V star. This star exhibits a 7.12 day Keplerian period with eccentricity 0.14 ± 0.05 and Msin i = 1.27 MJUP. HD 217107 is also chromospherically inactive. The photometric metallicity is found to be [Fe/H] = + 0.29 ± 0.1 dex. Given the relatively short orbital period, the absence of tidal spin‐up in HD 217107 provides a theoretical constraint on the upper limit of the companion mass of less than 11 MJUP.
The effects of Rotation on Wolf-Rayet Stars and on the Production of Primary Nitrogen by Intermediate Mass Stars (Invited Review)

We use the rotating stellar models described in the paper by A. Maeder & G. Meynet in this volume to consider the effects of rotation on the evolution of the most massive stars into and during the Wolf--Rayet phase, and on the post-Main Sequence evolution of intermediate mass stars. The two main results of this discussion are the following. First, we show that rotating models are able to account for the observed properties of the Wolf--Rayet stellar populations at solar metallicity. Second, at low metallicities, the inclusion of stellar rotation in the calculation of chemical yields can lead to a longer time delay between the release of oxygen and nitrogen into the interstellar medium following an episode of star formation, since stars of lower masses (compared to non-rotating models) can synthesize primary N. Qualitatively, such an effect may be required to explain the relative abundances of N and O in extragalactic metal--poor environments, particularly at high redshifts.
QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF FEMALE MATE PREFERENCES IN AN ANCESTRAL AND A NOVEL ENVIRONMENT

A female's mate preference is a potentially complex function relating variation in multiple male phenotypes with her probability of accepting individual males as a mate. Estimating the quantitative genetic basis preference functions within a population is empirically challenging yet key to understanding preference evolution. We employed a recently described approach that uses random‐coefficient mixed models in the analysis of function‐valued traits. Using a half‐sibling breeding design in a laboratory‐adapted Drosophila serrata population, we estimated the genetic (co)variance function of female preference for male sexual displays composed of nine contact pheromones. The breeding design was performed across two environments: the food to which the population was well adapted and a novel food that reduced average female productivity by 35%. Significant genetic variance in female preference was detected and the majority (64.2%) was attributable to a single genetic dimension (eigenfunction), suggesting that preferences for different pheromones are not genetically independent. The second eigenfunction, accounting for 24% of the total genetic variance, approached significance in a conservative test, suggesting the existence of a second, independent genetic dimension. There was no evidence that the genetic basis of female preference differed between the two environments, suggesting the absence of genotype‐by‐environment interactions and hence a lack of condition‐dependent preference expression.
An imaging-based tumour growth and treatment response model: investigating the effect of tumour oxygenation on radiation therapy response

A multiscale tumour simulation model employing cell-line-specific biological parameters and functional information derived from pre-therapy PET/CT imaging data was developed to investigate effects of different oxygenation levels on the response to radiation therapy. For each tumour voxel, stochastic simulations were performed to model cellular growth and therapeutic response. Model parameters were fitted to published preclinical experiments of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Using the obtained parameters, the model was applied to a human HNSCC case to investigate effects of different uniform and non-uniform oxygenation levels and results were compared for treatment efficacy. Simulations of the preclinical studies showed excellent agreement with published data and underlined the model's ability to quantitatively reproduce tumour behaviour within experimental uncertainties. When using a simplified transformation to derive non-uniform oxygenation levels from molecular imaging data, simulations of the clinical case showed heterogeneous tumour response and variability in radioresistance with decreasing oxygen levels. Once clinically validated, this model could be used to transform patient-specific data into voxel-based biological objectives for treatment planning and to investigate biologically optimized dose prescriptions.
Variation of the fine structure constant in QSO spectra from coherent dark matter oscillations

We consider the problem of the evolution of the fine-structure coefficient a under the assumption that the scalar field coupling to the Maxwell term satisfies the condition mt >> 1 for coherent dark matter oscillations. In this case we find that the coupling scale f in the leading-order coupling -(Φ/4f) F μν F μν affects the cosmological evolution of a according to In(α/α 0 ) ξ(m P1 /f) x In [tanh(t/2τ)/tanh(t 0 /2τ)]. A fit to the QSO observations by Murphy et al. yields f = ξ × 2.12 +0.58 -0.37 x 10 5 m P1 . Here m P1 = (8πG N ) -1/2 is the reduced Planck mass, and ξ 2 =? Φ /? m parametrizes the contribution of Φ to the matter density in the Universe.
Effects of stereotypical media representations of American Indians on implicit and explicit bias: The power of Pocahontas

According to cultivation theory, people learn information about the world from exposure to media and according to social cognitive theory, we learn how to interact with our social environment through observation of others. Together, these provide an explanation for why stereotypical media portrayals might increase biased attitudes. However, no research has examined the connection between media portrayals and biased attitudes for American Inidans, a group who are only represented in . 2-. 4% of American media (Fryberg, Markus, Oyserman, & Stone, 2008). The purpose of this study is to assess the role of stereotypical media portrayals of American Indians on both explicit and implicit attitudes and examine the potential mediating impact of both motivation to respond without prejudice and awareness of White privilege on these relationships. In this study participants were randomly assigned to watch either a series of videos with stereotypical representations of American Indians or a series of control videos. Measures of explicitly biased attitudes (modern racism and colorblind racial attitudes), implicitly biased attitudes, awareness of White privilege, and motivations to respond without prejudice (both internal and external) were assessed pre and post-test. Results from three separate hierarchical regression analyses suggest that media does impact modern racist attitudes towards American Indians, but not general colorblind racial attitudes nor implicit attitudes towards American Indians. Importantly, this relationship between media portrayals and modern racist attitudes is moderated by one’s awareness of White privilege such that higher awareness of White privilege only led to less endorsement of modern racist attitudes towards American Indians when not presented with stereotypical portrayals of American Indians. There were no differences between those low and high on awareness when stereotypical media portrayals were present. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Tumor-Specific Isoform Switch of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Underlies the Mesenchymal and Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas

Purpose: We aim to identify tumor-specific alternative splicing events having potential applications in the early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for cancers. Experimental Design: We analyzed RNA-seq data on 470 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and 68 kidney tissues to identify tumor-specific alternative splicing events. We further focused on the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) isoform switch and characterized ccRCCs expressing different FGFR2 isoforms by integrated analyses using genomic data from multiple platforms and tumor types. Results: We identified 113 top candidate alternatively spliced genes in ccRCC. Prominently, the FGFR2 gene transcript switched from the normal IIIb isoform (“epithelial”) to IIIc isoform (“mesenchymal”) in nearly 90% of ccRCCs. This switch is kidney specific as it was rarely observed in other cancers. The FGFR2-IIIb ccRCCs show a transcriptome and methylome resembling those from normal kidney, whereas FGFR2-IIIc ccRCCs possess elevated hypoxic and mesenchymal expression signatures. Clinically, FGFR2-IIIb ccRCCs are smaller in size, of lower tumor grade, and associated with longer patient survival. Gene set enrichment and DNA copy number analyses indicated that FGFR2-IIIb ccRCCs are closely associated with renal oncocytomas and chromophobe RCCs (chRCC). A reexamination of tumor histology by pathologists identified FGFR2-IIIb tumors as chRCCs and clear cell papillary RCCs (ccpRCC). Conclusions: FGFR2 IIIb RCCs represent misdiagnosed ccRCC cases, suggesting FGFR2 isoform testing can be used in the diagnosis of RCC subtypes. The finding of a prevalent isoform switch of FGFR2 in a tissue-specific manner holds promise for the future development of FGFR2-IIIc as a distinct early detection biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2460–72. ©2013 AACR.
Musical Electroacupuncture May Be a Better Choice than Electroacupuncture in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Objectives. To compare musical electroacupuncture and electroacupuncture in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Methods. In this study, 7.5-month-old male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used as an Alzheimer's disease animal model. In the normal control paradigm, 7.5-month-old male SAMR1 mice were used as the blank control group (N group). After 15 days of treatment, using Morris water maze test, micro-PET, and immunohistochemistry, the differences among the musical electroacupuncture (MEA), electroacupuncture (EA), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and normal (N) groups were assessed. Results. The Morris water maze test, micro-PET, and immunohistochemistry revealed that MEA and EA therapies could improve spatial learning and memory ability, glucose metabolism level in the brain, and Aβ amyloid content in the frontal lobe, compared with the AD group (P < 0.05). Moreover, MEA therapy performed better than EA treatment in decreasing amyloid-beta levels in the frontal lobe of mice with AD. Conclusion. MEA therapy may be superior to EA in treating Alzheimer's disease as demonstrated in SAMP8 mice.