Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reappraisal of XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and glioma risk: a cumulative meta-analysis

The association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and glioma risk were inconsistent from published meta-analyses and epidemiological studies. Hence, we performed this updated and cumulative meta-analysis to reappraisal this relationship. PubMed, Embase, CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), and CNKI (China National Knowledge Internet) databases were comprehensively searched up to August 13, 2016 (updated on December 22, 2016). After study selection and data extraction from eligible studies, the association was evaluated by odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Finally 16 case-control studies involving 7011 patients and 9519 healthy controls were yielded. The results indicated that XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism was significantly correlated with the increased risk of glioma [Trp vs. Arg: OR = 1.18(1.05-1.34); TrpTrp vs. ArgArg: OR = 1.66(1.31-2.12); ArgTrp vs. ArgArg: OR = 1.34(1.02-1.77); TrpTrp vs. ArgArg+ArgTrp: OR = 1.47(1.26-1.72); TrpTrp+ArgTrp vs. ArgArg: OR = 1.17(1.01-1.35)]. Cumulative analysis showed the results changed from non-significant to significant when new studies accumulated, and sensitivity analysis indicated the results were stable. Subgroup analysis showed the significant association existed in Asians but not in Caucasians. Current evidence indicated that XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism was associated with increased risk for glioma, especially in Asians; however, relevant studies involving other ethnic groups are required to validate our findings in further.
Public Space and Educational Leadership

Among the most important features of a democratic way of life is public space within which we collectively make meaning of our work and lives together and take shared responsibility for past action and future intentions. This article looks briefly at the argument for democratic public space within political and educational theory before focusing on its central importance for contemporary school leadership. In seeking to ground the enormous potential of democratic public space in schools it then looks to the radical traditions of state education for compelling exemplification in the pioneering work of Alex Bloom, headteacher at St George-in-the-East Secondary School, Stepney, London. The article concludes with a three-fold analytic nexus of interrelated practices and orientations that support the development of inclusive public spaces in 21st-century schools.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT PEMANFAATAN SISTEM INFORMASI DAN PENGGUNAAN SISTEM INFORMASI (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Jakarta)

The objectives of the research are to examine some factors that influence intention of utilization of information system and information system usage. The study is based on the model proposed by Venkatesh et al.,(2003). This study used data that obtained from individual perception of information sistem user in manufacture company that have losted at Bursa Efek Jakarta. Three hundred questionnaires have sent to companies, 83 questionnaires were returned, and only 60 questionnaires can be used. The data were analyzed by using multiple regression by SPSS 11.5 software. Study results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social factor are significant positive influence to intention of information system. Facilitating conditions give significant positive influence to information system usage and intention of information system is insignificant positive influence to information system usage. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pemanfaatan sistem informasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap penggunaan sistem informasi dengan menguji model yang diajukan oleh Venkatesh et al. (2003). Data diperoleh dari persepsi individu pemakai sistem informasi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta. Sebanyak 83 kuesioner kembali dari 300 yang dikirim dan 60 kuesioner yang dapat diolah. Dengan menggunakan teknik regresi berganda, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspektasi kinerja dan ekspektasi usaha dan faktor sosial berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap minat pemanfaatan sistem informasi. Kondisi-kondisi yang memfasilitas pemakai berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penggunaan sistem informasi dan minat pemanfaatan sistem informasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan sistem informasi. Kata kunci: ekspektasi kinerja, ekspektasi usaha dan faktor sosial.
Reconstructions of the Shoulder following Tumour Resection

Purpose. To review and compare the postoperative outcomes of 3 types of shoulder reconstructions: prosthetic arthroplasty, clavicula pro humero reconstruction, and allograft arthrodesis. Methods. Records of 25 shoulder reconstructions following tumour resection were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative data, oncological prognoses, postoperative complications, and functions were assessed. Results. We performed 10 prosthetic arthroplasties, 7 clavicula pro humero procedures, 4 allograft arthrodeses, and 4 soft tissue reconstructions. Eight patients died of their diseases. Three developed complications and underwent revision surgery. 19 patients achieved stable shoulders. Ten patients attended for functional assessments. Respective mean scores using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society-International Symposium on Limb Salvage and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score were: 77% and 82% for prosthetic arthroplasties, 67% and 62% for clavicula pro humero procedures, 83% and 70% for allograft arthrodeses, and 93% and 98% for soft tissue reconstructions. Conclusion. A stable construct is the treatment goal for shoulder reconstructions, as it enables effective function of the arm and hand.
Some Tests of the Decay Theory of Immediate Memory

The hypothesis of decay of the memory trace as a cause of forgetting has been unpopular. The reasons for this unpopularity are criticized and a theory of the memory span, based on this hypothesis, is put forward. Three experiments which test the hypothesis are described. In each, two kinds of stimuli are presented to the subject, viz., “required” stimuli, which he attempts to remember, and “additional” stimuli, to which he merely makes responses. The first experiment will show that even when the number of required stimuli is well below the memory span, forgetting occurs if the presentation of additional stimuli delays recall for several seconds. The second shows that the effect of the additional stimuli depends only slightly on their similarity to the required stimuli: it also shows that their effect is negligible when they precede, instead of follow, the required stimuli. The third shows that the effect of additional stimuli interpolated before recall remains considerable even when there is an interval of several seconds between presentation of required and additional stimuli.
The reporting of clinical signs in laboratory animals

Observing and reporting clinical signs in laboratory animals is necessary for many reasons: the assessment of animal welfare, compliance with the principle of refinement (e.g. humane endpoints), regulatory compliance (e.g. reporting severity) and, importantly, as a scientific outcome, e.g. in animal models of disease or safety studies. Developments in the reporting of clinical signs will enhance the scientific value gained from animal experiments and further address the ethical cost. This paper discusses systematic approaches to the observation and reporting of clinical signs in animals (to be) used for research. Glossaries from public and corporate institutions have been consulted and a reference glossary has been set up, providing terminology to be tailored for institutional or project-specific use. The clinical examination of animals must be carried out by competent and specifically trained staff in a systematic way and repeated at adequate intervals and clinical observations must be registered effectively to allow this information to be used. The development of institutional or project-specific glossaries and the use of handwritten records or automated databases are discussed in detail. Among the users are animal care staff, veterinarians and researchers who will need to agree on a given set of clinical signs to be monitored routinely or as a scientific read-out and to train for the proper application. The paper introduces a long list of clinical signs with scientific terminology, descriptions and explanations as a reference glossary to be published and maintained online as a living document supported by the authors as an editorial committee.
Protective effects of exogenously administered or endogenously produced melatonin on hyperbaric oxygen‐induced oxidative stress in the rat brain

1. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is a widely used treatment modality in many diseases. A known side‐effect of HBO is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many anti‐oxidants, such as vitamins C and E, riboflavin and selenium, have been used successfully to scavenge the ROS produced by HBO administration.
An abundance of Epsilonproteobacteria revealed in the gut microbiome of the laboratory cultured sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus

In this study, we have examined the bacterial community composition of the laboratory cultured sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus gut microbiome and its culture environment using NextGen amplicon sequencing of the V4 segment of the 16S rRNA gene, and downstream bioinformatics tools. Overall, the gut and tank water was dominated by Proteobacteria, whereas the feed consisted of a co-occurrence of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at a high abundance. The gut tissue represented Epsilonproteobacteria as dominant, with order Campylobacterales at the highest relative abundance (>95%). However, the pharynx tissue was dominated by class Alphaproteobacteria. The gut digesta and egested fecal pellets had a high abundance of class Gammaproteobacteria, from which Vibrio was found to be the primary genus, and Epsilonproteobacteria, with genus Arcobacter occurring at a moderate level. At the class level, the tank water was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, and the feed by Alphaproteobacteria. Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis showed that the microbial community of the gut tissue clustered together, as did the pharynx tissue to the feed. The gut digesta and egested fecal pellets showed a similarity relationship to the tank water. Further analysis of Campylobacterales at a lower taxonomic level using the oligotyping method revealed 37 unique types across the 10 samples, where Oligotype 1 was primarily represented in the gut tissue. BLAST analysis identified Oligotype 1 to be Arcobacter sp. , Sulfuricurvum sp. , and Arcobacter bivalviorum at an identity level >90%. This study showed that although distinct microbial communities are evident across multiple components of the sea urchin gut ecosystem, there is a noticeable correlation between the overall microbial communities of the gut with the sea urchin L. variegatus culture environment.
Comparison of high-resolution melting analysis with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography for mutation scanning in the ABCA4 gene.

PURPOSE Mutations in the ABCA4 gene have been associated with autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD), a few cases of autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (arCRD), and autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP). The purpose of this study was to compare high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC), to evaluate the efficiency of the different screening methodologies. METHODS Thirty-eight STGD, 15 arCRD, and 5 arRP unrelated Spanish patients who had been analyzed with the ABCR microarray were evaluated. The results were confirmed by direct sequencing. In patients with either no or only one mutant allele, ABCA4 was further analyzed by HRM and dHPLC. Haplotype analysis was also performed. RESULTS In a previous microarray analysis, 37 ABCA4 variants (37/116; 31.9%) were found. dHPLC and HRM scanning identified 18 different genotypes in 20 samples. Of the samples studied, 19/20 were identified correctly by HRM and 16/20 by dHPLC. One homozygous mutation was not detected by dHPLC; however, the p.Cys2137Tyr homozygote was distinguished from the wild-type by HRM technique. In the same way, one novel change in exon 5 (p.Arg187His) was found only by means of the HRM technique. In addition, dHPLC identified the mutation p.Trp1724Cys in one sample; however, HRM detected the mutation in two samples. CONCLUSIONS ABCA4 should be analyzed by an optimal screening technique, to perform further characterization of pathologic alleles. The results seemed to show that HRM had better sensitivity and specificity than did dHPLC, with the advantage that some homozygous sequence alterations were identifiable.
Operation Iraqi Freedom: a prudent action by a responsible great power?

This article conducts a normative evaluation of Operation Iraqi Freedom undertaken in 2003 by employing principles of prudence to enquire whether the use of force could be described as an action by a responsible great power. Along with relating the principles of prudence to the concept of great power responsibility, it highlights two pillars of prudent decision-making: circumspection and awareness of one's limits. This normative framework is then utilised to evaluate the invasion of Iraq from the perspective of these specific aspects of prudence. The conclusion shows that on the basis of this normative yardstick, it is not possible to classify Operation Iraqi Freedom as a prudent action by a responsible great power.
Self-efficacy and emotional intelligence among creative professionals: A study on gender differences

Self-efficacy is the individuals’ assessment of their capabilities to organize and execute actions required to achieve successful levels of performance. Emotional intelligence is defined as the composite set of capabilities that enable a person to manage himself/herself and others. The present study attempted to assess the impact of gender on self-efficacy and emotional intelligence of 100 creative professionals (dancers, musicians and painters), having a minimum of 5 years professional experience. For the present study, data was divided into two groups (i.e. 50 males and 50 females) of creative professionals randomly selected from three private academies ofthe tri-city (Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula). The t-test was applied for the purpose of statistical interpretation to test the significance of difference between these two means. Results indicated that males were found to be higher on the dimension of emotional intelligence than female creative professionals. However, no significant difference was found among male and female creative professionals on the dimension of self- efficacy. Further research however, is needed to comprehend the same.
Global citizenship, sojourning students and campus communities

The paper argues for situating today's students as ‘global citizens’, emphasising self-in-the-world identity over act-in-the-world agency. It draws upon a three-year investigation into the lived-experience of sojourning UK undergraduate students, which surfaced examples of significant learning among new communities of practice. Their experiences of crossing learning thresholds is presented as change to the lifeworld, and argued to have enhanced their sense of self-in-the-world. Because primary sites of learning identified within the narratives were within inter-subjective encounters outside the host culture and beyond what was planned within their mobility programmes, I suggest that similar learning might be enabled among diverse campus communities at home.
Heart rate recovery after maximal exercise is associated with acetylcholine receptor M 2 ( CHRM 2 ) gene polymorphism

Arto J. Hautala, Tuomo Rankinen, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Timo H. Mäkikallio, Heikki V. Huikuri, Claude Bouchard, and Mikko P. Tulppo Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Human Genomics Laboratory, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Merikoski Rehabilitation and Research Center, Oulu; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu; and Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
Temozolomide-Mediated Radiation Enhancement in Glioblastoma: A Report on Underlying Mechanisms

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which temozolomide enhances radiation response in glioblastoma cells. Experimental Design: Using a panel of four primary human glioblastoma cell lines with heterogeneous O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein expression, normal human astrocytes, and U87 xenografts, we investigated (a) the relationship of MGMT status with efficacy of temozolomide-based chemoradiation using a panel of in vitro and in vivo assays; (b) underlying mechanisms by which temozolomide enhances radiation effect in glioblastoma cells; and (c) strategies to overcome resistance to radiation + temozolomide. Results: Temozolomide enhances radiation response most effectively in glioblastomas without detectable MGMT expression. On concurrent radiation + temozolomide administration in MGMT-negative glioblastomas, there seems to be decreased double-strand DNA (dsDNA) repair capacity and enhanced dsDNA damage compared either with radiation alone or with sequentially administered temozolomide. Our data suggest that O6-benzylguanine can enhance the antitumor effects of concurrent radiation + temozolomide in MGMT-positive cells by enhancing apoptosis and the degree of dsDNA damage. O6-Benzylguanine was most effective when administered concurrently with radiation + temozolomide and had less of an effect when administered with temozolomide in the absence of radiation or when administered sequentially with radiation. Our in vivo data using U87 xenografts confirmed our in vitro findings. Conclusions: The present study shows that temozolomide enhances radiation response most effectively in MGMT-negative glioblastomas by increasing the degree of radiation-induced double-strand DNA damage. In MGMT-positive glioblastomas, depletion of MGMT by the addition of O6-benzylguanine significantly enhances the antitumor effect of concurrent radiation + temozolomide. These are among the first data showing mechanisms of synergy between radiation and temozolomide and the effect of MGMT.
The Recruitment and Retention of African American Women as Public School Superintendents

This qualitative study was based on a phenomenological narrative design that specifically addresses the issues of recruitment and retention of African American women in the public school superintendency. The narratives of eight African American women participants identified common similarities and differences about race, gender, and social politics as applied to recruitment and retention of public school superintendents. When African American women are hired for and able to maintain the public school superintendency, they in fact are learning, teaching, and modeling how to overcome racism, sexism, and oppressive sociopolitics. This is not to say that every African American woman hired as a public school superintendent has the capacity to become a transformative leader within a school district, but rather their mere presence in the position demonstrates their individual ability to transcend the challenges presented throughout this study.
Caring for someone with Parkinson's disease: factors that contribute to distress

An investigation into the impact of caring for someone with Parkinson's disease is described. Informal carers, in this case spouses, were found to have raised levels of psychological distress as indicated by a number of instruments. Levels of depression in the sufferer emerged as offering the best prediction of distress in the carer, which raises the potential importance of treating depression in those with Parkinson's disease. Contrary to expectations, an index of potential social support did not predict carer distress and this may have been because the extent of social contact with others was so low as to not allow it to be a differentiating factor.
Polymorphisms of 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population: A case‐control study

Low dietary folate intake has been associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. The 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) involved in folate metabolism has 2 variants, C677T and A1298C, that result in decreased MTHFR activity and lower plasma folate levels. Therefore, we hypothesized that these 2 variants play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. We tested this hypothesis in a Chinese population‐based case‐control study of 187 histopathologically confirmed gastric cancer cases and 166 healthy controls frequency‐matched by age (±5 years), gender and residential area. The 677TT genotype was associated with increased risk for gastric cancer [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–3.48] compared to the 677CC genotype. This association was more pronounced for gastric cardia cancer (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.14–5.32). However, no evidence was found for risk associated with the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism. Our findings support the hypothesis that MTHFR C677T variants contribute to gastric carcinogenesis, particularly in gastric cardia. Larger studies incorporating dietary folate intake and serum levels are needed to confirm our findings. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work Knowing "On the Fly": Enterprise cultures and co-emergent epistemology

Drawing on findings of a qualitative study exploring the learning processes of individuals working in environments characterised as enterprise cultures, this paper proposes a conceptualisation of work knowing as co-emergence, at the intersection of invention, identity and environment. This conceptualisation is based upon an ecological theory of learning called "enactivism", which holds that human beings, natural objects and cognition emerge together as intertwined systems. This theory appears useful in the examination of work knowledge produced by a growing number of individuals who are entering the ranks of the self-employed, becoming entrepreneurs in the new economy. Three dimensions of enactivist theory in particular are argued to hold heuristic value for understanding knowledge production and subjectivity in the new world of enterprise. First, that knowledge unfolds in systems, whereby cognition co-emerges with environment, individuals and activity. Second, that understanding is embedded in the conduct and relationships among systems and sub-systems, rather than the minds of individual actors. Third, that learning is continuous invention and exploration, linked to disequilibrium experienced in systems. These three dimensions are illustrated with examples from the learning experiences reported by those negotiating the world of enterprise.
What Do Children Feel Guilty About? Developmental and Gender Differences.

Content analyses of 240 (123 male, 117 female) 5th, 8th, and 11th graders' descriptions of guilt-producing events indicate that the situations, individuals, and specific incidents evoking guilt vary across grade and gender. The percentage of students mentioning guilt over inaction, neglect of responsibilities, and failure to attain ideals increases with grade level as the prevalence of guilt over situations that are not the students' fault declines. With development, guilt evoked by extended family members and siblings is less prevalent, mentions of boy- or girlfriends are more prevalent, and parents remain the individuals who most frequently engender guilt. At higher grade levels, the percentage of subjects reporting guilt from agressive, externalizing incidents declines, whereas those mentioning guilt over internal thoughts and inconsiderateness increases. Guilt over flouting rules (e.g., truancy) peaks at the 8th grade. More male compared with female students reports guilt over externalizing behaviors, whereas more female students reports guilt violating norms of compassion and trust