Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palestinian autobiographical memory regarding the 1948 Palestinian exodus

Background: Collective memory of intractable conflict is an important sociopsychological phenomenon which influences the psychological and behavioral reactions of each party to the conflict. This memory is composed of two kinds of memories: autobiographical memory — the memory of the people who experienced the given events directly — and indirect-collective memory — the memory of the people who learned about the given events second hand, via books, etc. Purpose: This study explores the characteristics of Palestinian autobiographical memory with respect to the causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus and how it relates to other Palestinian memories of that exodus (official, historical/academic, and indirect-collective). From these empirical findings, theoretical insights are concluded. Method: This is done by analyzing the content of four oral history projects of 1948 Palestinians refugees (in total, 131 interviewees from 38 localities). In addition, the content of these projects is compared to the accounts of documented Israeli history (using the research of Israeli historian Benny Morris). Studies of the other Palestinian memories are also used. Findings: The findings reveal that the Palestinian autobiographical memory is not a typical memory of conflict (e.g., with relatively low focus on the expulsion cause for the exodus). It is also compatible to a large degree with documented Israeli history. However, it is very different from other Palestinian memories of the exodus (official, historical/academic, and indirect-collective), which focus almost exclusively on the expulsion cause. Other empirical findings and their explanations are discussed. The findings have mostly theoretical implications regarding various kinds of memories of conflicts (and memories in general), as well as some methodological implications with regard to the usage of oral history. A full-text copy can be sent by request - email the author at: rafi.nets@gmail.com
Recent Advances in the Pathobiology of Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Potential Impact on Diagnostic, Predictive, and Therapeutic Strategies

From its first description by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832, Hodgkin's disease, now called Hodgkin's lymphoma, has continued to be a fascinating neoplasm even to this day. In this review, historical aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, tumor biology, new observations related to host-microenvironment interactions, gene copy number variation, and gene expression profiling in this complex neoplasm are described, with an exploration of chemoresistance mechanisms and potential novel therapies for refractory disease.
Contexts of uninhibited online behavior: flaming in social newsgroups on Usenet

Recent research on uninhibited behavior in computer‐mediated communication (CMC) systems have suggested that flaming is social‐context dependent and not a media characteristic of CMC. This study takes a closer look at the social context in which flaming occurs, which need not necessarily be developed online but, as well, can be the social, religious, and political background and affiliations of the participants. The study analyzed messages posted during 1 week to 4 Usenet social newsgroups that represent different national and cultural groups. The levels of flaming in these groups were found to be higher than any reported in other studies. The findings show that the frequency of flaming differed between the newsgroups, and differed within newsgroups according to the general topic under discussion, confirming that social context and not the medium is the primary determinant of online uninhibited behavior. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
HEALTH AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH KHAT CONSUMPTION

The consumption of the stimulant leaf Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is widespread in several countries of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The leaf comes from a small evergreen shrub that can grow to the size of a tree. Young buds and tender leaves are chewed to attain a state of euphoria and stimulation. Khat leaves contain cathinones, an active brain stimulant that is similar in structure and pharmacological activity to amphetamines. Like amphetamines, Khat ingestion in low doses results in decreased appetite, euphoria, increased intellectual efficiency, and hyperalertness. High doses and chronic use of Khat can cause more serious adverse neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, dental, gastrointestinal and genitourinary effects. Besides damaging health, Khat has adverse socio-economic consequences effects on many other aspects of life including the loss of thousands of acres of arable land and billions of hours of work. The purpose of this review is to describe briefly the adverse consequences of habitual chewing of Khat on health, and help educate the general public. The study is based on literature review that includes internet search and journals.
Deciding Confluence and Normal Form Properties of Ground Term Rewrite Systems Efficiently

It is known that the first-order theory of rewriting is decidable for ground term rewrite systems, but the general technique uses tree automata and often takes exponential time. For many properties, including confluence (CR), uniqueness of normal forms with respect to reductions (UNR) and with respect to conversions (UNC), polynomial time decision procedures are known for ground term rewrite systems. However, this is not the case for the normal form property (NFP). In this work, we present a cubic time algorithm for NFP, an almost cubic time algorithm for UNR, and an almost linear time algorithm for UNC, improving previous bounds. We also present a cubic time algorithm for CR.
Patterns of incidence and psychiatric risk factors for traumatic events

Individual differences are thought to influence the propensity for exposure to trauma and the subsequent development of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Prior research has identified pre‐existing mood disorders as one such individual risk factor for traumatic events as well as for PTSD. The present study reports the incidence of traumatic events (and PTSD) and examines psychiatric risk factors for trauma exposure in a prospective community sample.
Assessing Individual-Level Impact of Interruptions during Online Testing.

With an increase in the number of online tests, the number of interruptions during testing due to unexpected technical issues seems to be on the rise. For example, interruptions occurred during several recent state tests. When interruptions occur, it is important to determine the extent of their impact on the examinees' scores. Researchers such as Hill and Sinharay et al. examined the impact of interruptions at an aggregate level. However, there is a lack of research on the assessment of impact of interruptions at an individual level. We attempt to fill that void. We suggest four methodological approaches, primarily based on statistical hypothesis testing, linear regression, and item response theory, which can provide evidence on the individual-level impact of interruptions. We perform a realistic simulation study to compare the Type I error rate and power of the suggested approaches. We then apply the approaches to data from the 2013 Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress-Plus (ISTEP+) test that experienced interruptions.
Mainstreaming the gifted: Historical perspectives on excellence and equity

This point of view essay argues that the excellence‐equity debate requires policy makers to consider again the democratic impetus toward mainstreaming: this time for the special population of gifted students. Three historical principles are presented to support the idea that to the maximum degree possible gifted students should be educated in the regular classroom to achieve excellence without elitism. Implications of such a policy position are discussed in relation to an evolving new role for specialists in gifted education. Some of the ideas in this article are excerpted from McDaniel, T. R. (1993). Education of the Gifted and the Excellence‐Equity Debate. In C. J. Maker (Ed.) Critical Issues in Gifted Education: Volume III, Programs for Gifted Students in the Regular Classroom (pp. 6‐18). Austin, TX: Pro‐Ed.
Voyager 2 observations of helium abundance enhancements from 1–60 AU

The Plasma Science Experiment on the Voyager 2 spacecraft recently detected helium abundance enhancements (HAEs) near 60 AU in which the He++ ions comprise more than 10% of the solar wind density. These large values may result from solar events related to the rising phase of solar cycle 23. Large He++/H+ density ratios are probably the best signature for tracking coronal mass ejections (CMEs) through the outer heliosphere for the subset of CMEs with this property. We analyze the high-resolution spectra for the Voyager 2 mission (from 1977 to 1999, 1–60 AU) and find that HAE events are observed ∼1.1% of the time with He++/H+ abundance ratios as high as 0.35. The long-term variation of HAEs is related to the solar cycle. HAEs occur in all solar wind regimes but are associated with higher speeds, lower proton temperatures, and higher magnetic fields than the ambient solar wind. HAEs are generally not associated with interplanetary shocks. The He++/H+ temperature ratio increases with distance from the Sun, is larger when He++/H+ density ratios are large, and is smaller when proton densities are high.
Quantitative weighted mixed weak-type inequalities for classical operators

We improve on several mixed weak type inequalities both for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and for Calder\'on-Zygmund operators. These type of inequalities were considered by Muckenhoupt and Wheeden and later on by Sawyer estimating the $L^{1, \infty}(uv)$ norm of $v^{-1}T(fv)$ for special cases. The emphasis is made in proving new and more precise quantitative estimates involving the $A_p$ or $A_\infty$ constants of the weights involved.
Substance Use and Treatment Needs

Men’s and women’s drinking tend to elicit different societal reactions, which may be attributed to different perceptions of masculinity and femininity. This study analyzes addiction care practitioners’ constructions of substance use and treatment needs in relation to gender. Data were collected by means of six focus group interviews with 30 addiction care practitioners. An interpretative repertoire of difference emerged, whereby women were constructed as being different from men in psychological, social, and biological respects. The practitioners related to gender in addiction care as an ideological dilemma resulting from the contradictory ideals of on the one hand treating everybody equally and on the other giving special attention to what is regarded as women’s needs. Reflections emerged regarding the need to be aware of one’s own stereotyped assumptions, and also to be attentive toward men’s specific problems, thus constituting a reflective repertoire. In order to avoid potentially stereotyped treatment, the application of a gender-sensitive approach should acknowledge the variety of ways in which femininity and masculinity may be performed.
Workload-Driven Design and Evaluation of Large-Scale Data-Centric Systems

Large-scale data-centric systems help organizations store, manipulate, and derive value from large volumes of data. They consist of distributed components spread across a scalable number of connected machines and involve complex software/hardware stacks with multiple semantic layers. These systems help organizations solve established problems involving large amounts of data, while catalyzing new, data-driven businesses such as search engines, social networks, and cloud computing and data storage service providers. The complexity, diversity, scale, and rapid evolution of large-scale data-centric systems make it challenging to develop intuition about these systems, gain operational experience, and improve performance. It is an important research problem to develop a method to design and evaluate such systems based on the empirical behavior of the targeted workloads. Using an unprecedented collection of nine industrial workload traces of business-critical large-scale data-centric systems, we develop a workload-driven design and evaluation method for these systems and apply the method to address previously unsolved design problems. Specifically, the dissertation contributes the following: 1. A conceptual framework of breaking down workloads for large-scale data-centric systems into data access patterns, computation patterns, and load arrival patterns. 2. A workload analysis and synthesis method that uses multi-dimensional, non-parametric statistics to extract insights and produce representative behavior. 3. Case studies of workload analysis for industrial deployments of MapReduce and enterprise network storage systems, two examples of large-scale data-centric systems. 4. Case studies of workload-driven design and evaluation of an energy-efficient MapReduce system and Internet datacenter network transport protocol pathologies, two research topics that require workload-specific insights to address. Overall, the dissertation develops a more objective and systematic understanding of an emerging and important class of computer systems. The work in this dissertation helps further accelerate the adoption of large-scale data-centric systems to solve real life problems relevant to business, science, and day-to-day consumers.
African American Literacies

Elaine Richardson's African American Literacies provides a much-needed contribution to current discussions on the literacy education of African American students. Unlike much of the work done in the field, Richardson presents her argument for more expansive theoretical and practical treatments of African American literacy practices through an African American-centered voice. While Richardson quickly establishes political and epistemological distance between herself and traditional Afrocentric scholars (e.g., Asante, Kaurenga), she evinces her shared preoccupation with decentering hegemonic European literacy practices through her complex theoretical framework and authentic deployment of many of the rhetorical strategies that she spotlights within the book.
Single Session of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Transiently Increases Knee Extensor Force in Patients With Hemiparetic Stroke

Background. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the motor cortex can enhance the performance of a paretic upper extremity after stroke. Reported effects on lower limb (LL) function are sparse. Objective. The authors examined whether tDCS can increase the force production of the paretic quadriceps. Methods. In this double-blind, crossover, sham-controlled experimental design, 8 participants with chronic subcortical stroke performed knee extension using their hemiparetic leg before, during, and after anodal or sham tDCS of the LL motor cortex representation in the affected hemisphere. Affected hand-grip force was also recorded. Results. The maximal knee-extension force increased by 21 N (13.2%, P < .01) during anodal tDCS compared with baseline and sham stimulation. The increase persisted less than 30 minutes. Maximal hand-grip force did not change. Conclusions. Anodal tDCS transiently enhanced knee extensor strength. The modest increase was specific to the LL. Thus, tDCS might augment the rehabilitation of stroke patients when combined with lower extremity strengthening or functional training.
Biologic Immunomodulatory Therapies in the Vasculitic Diseases

The expanding range of biologic agents capable of modulating the immune response has opened up a new realm for therapeutic exploration in the vasculitic diseases. Partnered with increasing knowledge regarding the mechanisms of vascular inflammation, these agents have raised the question as to whether it may be possible to treat systemic vasculitis syndromes by selectively targeting pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. The action of these agents to directly modulate specific immunologic components offers the potential not only to impact disease activity but also to reduce the risk of morbidity that can result from currently available treatment options. The study of biologic therapies in the vasculitides must, however, be approached with caution because unanticipated effects on disease activity and disease-specific toxicities can occur. The only biologic agent that has currently been shown to have therapeutic efficacy in a systemic vasculitis syndrome is interferon-alpha in the treatment of hepatitis C-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. The use of biologic agents to treat other vasculitides remains investigational. Methodical evaluation of biologic agents prior to their use in general clinical practice is essential to understand their safety and efficacy. Rigorous, standardized investigations may also provide important insights into pathogenesis of the vasculitic diseases.
Ontogeny and interdependence of genetically selected behaviors in rats: avoidance response and open field.

: Ontogeny and interdependence of genetically selected avoidance and open-field behaviors were investigated in six genetic lines, involving 1,018 animals, and three developmental models (longitudinal, cross sectional, and generational). In selected lines, behaviors varied with age, depending upon the genetic selection; in the control (random bred) line, no such effects were found. Between the lines selected for high (RHA) and low (RLA) rates of two-way-active avoidance, ontogenetic differences in the selected behavior emerged as the animals grew older, whereas between the lines selected for high (MR) and low (MNR) frequency of open-field defecation, the differences in the selected behavior were present at all stages of development. In unconditioned escape response to footshock, which shows an inverse relation to avoidance response in the RHA and RLA lines, and in general activity (number of sections crossed in an open field), which shows inverse relation to defecation in the MNR and MR lines, the differences were present at all stages. The relation between avoidance response and open-field defecation (emotional reactivity) was not linear but suggestive of curvilinear inverted-U-function.
The validity of ipsative and quasi‐ipsative forced‐choice personality inventories for different occupational groups: A comprehensive meta‐analysis

A comprehensive meta-analysis of two types of forced-choice (FC) personality inventories (ipsative and quasi-ipsative) across nine occupational groups (Clerical, Customer Service, Health Care, Managerial, Military, Police, Sales, Skilled Manual, and Supervisory) is reported. Quasi-ipsative measures showed substantially higher operational validity coefficients and validity generalization across all occupations than ipsative measures. Results also showed that, compared with the findings of previous meta-analyses, quasi-ipsative personality inventories are better predictors of job performance than previously thought and that operational validities for ipsative measures are notably congruent with past findings. We conclude that quasi-ipsative scale formats are superior for predicting job performance for all occupational groups. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for personnel selection are discussed in 'Conclusion'. Practitioner points Personality inventories have been widely used in personnel selection, but it was thought that their predictive validity was small. We found that they are substantially more valid than was previously thought. The traditional opinion among researchers in I/O psychology is that single-stimulus personality inventories (e.g., normative Likert-type scales) have superior predictive validity to FC personality questionnaires (e.g., ipsative inventories), but our research findings suggest that this is not true for quasi-ipsative inventories. In comparison with ipsative and normative personality inventories, quasi-ipsative personality inventories showed higher predictive validity regardless of occupational group. Based on our results, we recommend the use of quasi-ipsative FC personality measures in personnel selection decisions regardless of the occupation group being recruited for.
The role of sport in the construction of masculinities in an English independent junior school

This article concerns the central role of organised sport in the construction of masculinity amongst Year 6 boys (10 to 11-year-olds) at an English independent (fee-paying) junior school. The data come from an ethnographic study of one year's duration that investigated constructions of masculinity among two classes. The formal school culture consciously promoted a range of sports/games and made them an integral part of a competitive, masculine regime, although the informal peer-group culture gave primacy to football. The leading form of masculinity embodied was the sporty boy, which was sanctioned by the school, and this gave it a powerful cultural and social authority. The body played a vital part: groups of boys were classified and divided by their physicality/athleticism, which restricted the opportunities for most boys to compete for this ideal. Although I have taken the terms ‘hegemonic’ ‘complicit’ and ‘subordinated’ forms of masculinity’ from Connell, I found it necessary to propose another form and relation of masculinity, which I have called ‘personalised’. Personalised forms were made up from the majority of boys who appeared content to pursue their own types of identity and did not aspire to, or imitate, the leading form. Only a very few of the boys who were not sporty were subordinated by the dominant regime, although this was also due to a series of other factors which are further explored.
Learner motivation in self-access language learning

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the findings of a study looking at students' motivation to engage in self-access language learning (SALL) while taking an English for Academic Purposes course which contains a substantial integrated SALL component. To-date there has been limited research into the motivation of such students but it is an important area of research because the extent to which students will make use of and benefit from SALL is likely to be strongly influenced by the type of motivation they experience. Using the framework of the L2 Motivational Self System and data from a questionnaire survey and interviews, this paper categorises the kinds of motivation seen among the students and then discusses the relevance of the findings for promoting and supporting the use of SALL among these and similar students.