Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YSSP 2000 : Scholarship Recipients Announced Martin Shubik Delivers Recent Koopmans Lecture

Options magazine features the activities of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), located in Laxenburg, Austria. IIASA is an interdisciplinary, nongovernmental research institution sponsored by a consortium of National Member Organizations in Asia, Europe, and North America. The Institute’s research focuses on sustainability and the human dimensions of global change. IIASA’s studies are international and interdisciplinary, providing timely and relevant insights for the scientific community, policymakers, and the public.
How intergroup friendship works: A longitudinal study of friendship effects on outgroup attitudes

Cross-sectional research has shown that frequency of self-disclosure to outgroup members mediates the positive relationship between intergroup friendship and outgroup attitudes. The current research investigated the relationship between self-disclosure and attitudes in more depth. New undergraduate students were asked to nominate an ingroup or outgroup friend and then report the intimacy of their disclosures to them, their anxiety and attitudes towards a series of social groups, in the first week of the semester and 6 weeks later. Intimacy of disclosure predicted more positive attitudes towards outgroups over time, but this association was only found among participants who nominated an outgroup friend. In the ingroup friend condition, a negative association was found. These associations were mediated by general intergroup anxiety. These relationships highlight the importance of integrating theories of interpersonal and intergroup relations when investigating intergroup contact.
Corporate Sustainability: The Environmental Design and Human Resource Management Interface in Healthcare Settings

Purpose of the Paper: The purpose of this study is to provide healthcare organizations with a new perspective for developing strategies to enrich their human resource capabilities and improve their performance outcomes. The focus of this study is on leveraging the synergy between organizational management strategies and environmental design interventions. Background: This paper proposes a framework for linking the built environment with the human resource management system of healthcare organizations. The framework focuses on the impact of the built environment regarding job attitudes and behaviors of healthcare workers. Research from the disciplines of strategic human resource management, resource-based view of firms, evidence-based design, and green building are utilized to develop the framework. Theoretical Framework: The positive influence of human resource practices on job attitudes and behaviors of employees is one mechanism to improve organizational performance outcomes. Organizational psychologists suggest that human resource practices are effective because they convey that the organization values employee contributions and cares about their well-being. Attention to employee socio-emotional needs can be reciprocated with higher levels of motivation and commitment toward the organization. In line with these findings, healthcare environmental studies imply that physical settings and features can have a positive influence on job attitudes and the behavior of caregivers by providing for their physical and socio-emotional needs. Conclusions: Adding the physical environment as a complementary resource to the array of human resource practices creates synergy in improving caregivers' job attitudes and behaviors and enhances the human capital of healthcare firms.
Vitamin D deficiency and risk for rheumatic diseases: an update

Purpose of reviewThe role of vitamin D in situations other than calcium homeostasis and bone health has become very topical. It is apparent that vitamin D has significant effects on the immune system and as such may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. This review examines the evidence-to-date that vitamin D has a role in immune-mediated rheumatic disorders. Recent findingsLow vitamin D status is reported in many inflammatory rheumatic conditions. In some this extends to an association with disease activity. Vitamin D acts on a number of cells involved in both innate and acquired immunity biasing the adaptive immune system away from Th17 and Th1, towards Th2 and Tregs. Deficiency accordingly could encourage autoimmunity. Direct evidence for this plausible mechanism in specific diseases remains largely to be demonstrated. To date, there is a dearth of controlled trials of vitamin D in prophylaxis or therapy. SummaryVitamin D deficiency may well be an important factor in autoimmune rheumatic disease, including initial disease development and worsening the disease once present. This is testable and there is a pressing need for therapeutic studies.
Examining the Effects of Student Involvement on African American College Student Development

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which student involvement experiences impacted educational outcomes for African Americans in college. Overall, the results of the study indicated that in-class and out-of-class experiences positively impacted student development for a nationally representative sample of African American students who completed the College Student Experiences Questionnaire. Implications for student affairs professionals were discussed.
Factors protective against retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics free of retinopathy for 30 years.

index of an increase in circulating adrenal oxysteroids. ' Depression of eosinophil concentrations has been shown in response to surgery,2 trauma,3 exercise,4 and emotional stress.4 The low eosinophil counts found in acute severe asthma are compatible with a stress response related to the higher cortisol concentrations.5 The authors' argument that eosinophilia has a beneficial effect in chronic asthma while eosinopenia allows the development of acute asthma might lead one to expect that corticosteroids would produce an exacerbation of chronic asthma in association with their action of decreasing eosinophil counts. Yet even the authors agree that corticosteroids are beneficial in chronic asthma, and the recent controlled trial of Fanta et a16 also shows their importance in the treatment of acute asthma.
Unsupervised versus supervised training of acoustic models

In this paper we reports unsupervised training experiments we have conducted on large amounts of the English Fisher conversational telephone speech. A great amount of work has been reported on unsupervised training, but the major difference of this work is that we compared behaviors of unsupervised training with supervised training on exactly the same data. This comparison reveals surprising results. First, as the amount of training data increases, unsupervised training, even bootstrapped with a very limited amount (1 hour) of manual data, improves recognition performance faster than supervised training does, and it converges to supervised training. Second, bootstrapping unsupervised training with more manual data is not of significance if a large amount of un-transcribed data is available.
The “Autothixotropic” Phenomenon of Water and its Role in Proton Transfer

In an experimental study, significantly higher conductivity values than those of freshly prepared chemically analogous solutions were found in aged (~one year old) aqueous solutions, except for those stored frozen. The results surprisingly resemble a previously noticed phenomenon in liquid water, which develops when water is stored in closed vessels. This was observed as a disturbing phenomenon in gravimetric measurements and in luminescence spectroscopy measurements. The phenomenon was termed “autothixotropy of water” due to the weak gel-like behavior which develops spontaneously over time, in which ions seem to play an important role. Here, according to experimental results we propose that contact with hydrophilic surfaces also plays an important role. The role of the “autothixotropy of water” in proton transfer is also discussed.
Measuring emotion perception following traumatic brain injury: The Complex Audio Visual Emotion Assessment Task (CAVEAT)

ABSTRACT Introduction: While emotion recognition difficulties in moderate-severe TBI are well established, the standard measures of emotion recognition significantly limit the conclusions which can be drawn regarding real-life deficits. Two studies report on the development of CAVEAT, a new measure of emotion recognition that attempts to overcome these limitations. Method: These studies were designed to establish CAVEAT's psychometric properties by examining performance of a TBI group and matched controls in order to provide estimates of its reliability and validity (study 1), and to compare performance of the TBI and control groups on a subgroup of emotions from the CAVEAT that represented the six basic emotions used in conventional emotion research (study 2). Thirty-two participants with TBI and 32 matched controls (study 1) and 16 participants with TBI and 12 matched controls (study 2) participated in this study. Results: CAVEAT demonstrated high construct validity and internal consistency. Performance on the subgroup of “basic” six emotions was largely similar to the rates reported in the literature. Conclusions: These findings provided some evidence for the psychometric properties of CAVEAT, indicating that it can be used as a clinical test for assessing emotion recognition in people with moderate-severe TBI.
Functional Comparison of Human and Drosophila Hop Reveals Novel Role in Steroid Receptor Maturation*

Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop) coordinates Hsp70 and Hsp90 interactions during assembly of steroid receptor complexes. Hop is composed of three tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains (TPR1, TPR2a, and TPR2b) and two DP repeat domains (DP1 and DP2); Hsp70 interacts directly with TPR1 and Hsp90 with TPR2a, but the function of other domains is less clear. Human Hop and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog Sti1p, which share a common domain arrangement, are functionally interchangeable in a yeast growth assay and in supporting the efficient maturation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. To gain a better understanding of Hop structure/function relationships, we have extended comparisons to the Hop ortholog from Drosophila melanogaster (dHop), which lacks DP1. Although dHop binds Hsp70 and Hsp90 and can rescue the growth defect in yeast lacking Sti1p, dHop failed to support GR function in yeast, which suggests a novel role for Hop in GR maturation that goes beyond Hsp binding. Chimeric Hop constructs combining human and Drosophila domains demonstrate that the C-terminal domain DP2 is critical for this previously unrecognized role in steroid receptor function.
Learning to Refine Object Contours with a Top-Down Fully Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network

We develop a novel deep contour detection algorithm with a top-down fully convolutional encoder-decoder network. Our proposed method, named TD-CEDN, solves two important issues in this low-level vision problem: (1) learning multi-scale and multi-level features; and (2) applying an effective top-down refined approach in the networks. TD-CEDN performs the pixel-wise prediction by means of leveraging features at all layers of the net. Unlike skip connections and previous encoder-decoder methods, we first learn a coarse feature map after the encoder stage in a feedforward pass, and then refine this feature map in a top-down strategy during the decoder stage utilizing features at successively lower layers. Therefore, the deconvolutional process is conducted stepwise, which is guided by Deeply-Supervision Net providing the integrated direct supervision. The above proposed technologies lead to a more precise and clearer prediction. Our proposed algorithm achieved the state-of-the-art on the BSDS500 dataset (ODS F-score of 0.788), the PASCAL VOC2012 dataset (ODS F-score of 0.588), and and the NYU Depth dataset (ODS F-score of 0.735).
Pseudomonas and Aspergillus interaction in malignant external otitis: risk of treatment failure

SUMMARY Malignant external otitis (MEO) is a rare infection of the temporal bone primarily affecting elderly patients and diabetics or immunocompromised individuals, which may have dismal prognosis if treatment is not prompt and adequate. Almost 95% of MEO cases reported in the literature are attributed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and this pathogen is isolated from aural drainage in > 90% of cases. However, in recent years fungal and polymicrobial temporal bone infections have been reported with increasing frequency. The aim of this paper is to discuss a possible pitfall in MEO treatment using an unusual clinical case. In this patient, bacteriological data positive for Pseudomonas delayed correct diagnosis of Aspergillus infection, which was obtained after surgical debridement and biopsy of the infra-temporal space.
An Assessment of the Classroom Performance of Music Teachers

Information from a statewide norming study of all teachers was used to compare the I performance of music teachers and other teachers on 10 competencies and a variety of classroom behaviors. Music teachers' competency scores were below the mean for all teachers on 7 of the 10 competencies; however, music teachers' scores on specific classroom behaviors showed virtually no difference from those of other teachers on 94 of the 117 behaviors included on the Classroom Observation Instrument (COR). Music teachers outperformed other teachers in using materials and eliciting student performance; however, they had lower frequencies in their use of various types of questions. On an opinion questionnaire, music teachers tended to support the evaluation program; however, a number expressed concerns about the validity of the competencies for music teachers and the evaluators' expertise.
Association of mitochondrial complex I subunit gene NDUFV2 at 18p11 with bipolar disorder

Linkage of bipolar disorder with 18p11 has been replicated by several investigators. A nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial complex I subunit gene, NDUFV2, is one of the candidate genes in this locus, since the possible pathophysiological significance of mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder has been suggested. The objective of our study was to clarify the association between the NDUFV2 gene and bipolar disorder. We performed the real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for NDUFV2 mRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. We also screened novel polymorphisms using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (D‐HPLC) and PCR‐direct sequencing method. Detected five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. A decrease of the expression level of NDUFV2 gene was found in patients with bipolar I disorder compared with controls (P = 0.006). We also found that the haplotype frequencies of the four polymorphisms in the upstream region of NDUFV2 were significantly different between bipolar disorders and controls (P = 0.0001). Our findings suggest that polymorphisms of the NDUFV2 gene may be one of the genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethical Transgressions of School Psychology Graduate Students: A Critical Incidents Survey

This study examines ethical transgressions of school psychology graduate students using the critical incidents technique. Program directors of school psychology programs listed in the Directory of School Psychology Graduate Programs (Thomas, 1998) were asked to describe ethical violations committed by their students during the past 5 years. Violations dealt primarily with issues involving confidentiality, competence, and professional and academic honesty. Directors believed that the majority of students would not find most ethical issues problematic. Implications for training are discussed.
Workplace bullying: a systematic review of risk factors and outcomes

Background: Studies investigating workplace bullying started in the early 1990s in Scandinavian countries. Research has been conducted regarding bullying definitions, behaviours, prevalence rates, risk factors and outcomes such as sickness absences, psychological effects, chronic and cardiovascular diseases and lower job satisfaction. To date, no systematic review has been conducted regarding this subject. Objectives: To investigate the association between (1) workplace factors and bullying and (2) workplace bullying and various outcomes. Methods: A critical appraisal was conducted twice after a thorough review of published studies. A definition and a model of workplace bullying are provided. Results: Results showed associations between organizational problems and workplace bullying and between a victim's personality and workplace bullying. In some cases, strong associations between workplace bullying and a victim's well-being and performance were found. Conclusions: Results cannot be generalized since there are several confounders and covariates that needed to be considered. There is also a lack of research investigating the characteristics of bullies.
The Association of Mothers' Attachment Style and Their Psychological Reactions to the Diagnosis Of Infant's Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract The present study examines the relationship between mothers' attachment style and their immediate psychological reactions to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) in their infants. The sample consisted of 151 mothers of newborns, who were divided into three groups according to their infant's health conditions: (a) healthy infants, (b) mild CHD infants, and (c) severe CHD infants. All the mothers answered self-report scales on attachment style, cognitive appraisal of motherhood, perceived support, ways of coping with motherhood tasks, and a measure of psychological distress. Results showed that securely attached mothers appraised motherhood in more positive terms, perceived more available support, were more likely to seek support, and reported less psychological distress than insecurely attached mothers. These associations were more prominent in the severe CHD group, compared with the other two groups. Moreover, appraisal and coping measures were associated with psychological distress an.
Work values: Development of a new three‐dimensional structure based on confirmatory smallest space analysis

We tested the psychological structure of the work values ratings of 119,167 Canadian workers using confirmatory smallest space analysis (SSA). Contrary to our hypotheses, the SSA did not support a two-dimensional radex structure, but suggested a three-dimensional cylindrex structure composed of three facets: (a) A modality facet comprised of four types of work values (cognitive, instrumental, social, and prestige) forming angular sectors of a circle; (b) a growth-orientation facet with growth-related work aspects located closest to the center of the circle and context-related work aspects located in the peripheral ring; and (c) a level of focus facet that divided the overall cylindrical structure into three separate vertical levels (individual, job/organizational, and societal). The findings extend the theory of work values by providing a richer typology of work values and a more complete picture of the complex structure of their inter-relations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ImplIcIt theorIes of the World and ImplIcIt theorIes of the self as moderators of self-stereotypIng

Self-stereotyping involves aligning one's self-perception with the ingroup characteristics and norms, and is arguably a manifestation of a general process to fit oneself in the world. We predicted that this general process should be most salient if the individuals believe in a fixed world and also a malleable self. Using an implicit measure of self-stereotyping, we found that when the individuals believed in a fixed world and the traits were positive, self-stereotyping was accentuated. Furthermore, when they also believed in a malleable self, the aforementioned accentuating effect was stronger. The results suggest that belief in a fixed world may orient individuals to fit in, while belief in a malleable self may further facilitate the process. Also, the moderation effects were found on positive traits only, suggesting that a prevailing self-enhancement process may be concurrently operating. In sum, the results provide an interesting perspective into self-stereotyping from the implicit theories approach.
THE SPITZER c2d LEGACY RESULTS: STAR-FORMATION RATES AND EFFICIENCIES; EVOLUTION AND LIFETIMES

The c2d Spitzer Legacy project obtained images and photometry with both IRAC and MIPS instruments for five large, nearby molecular clouds. Three of the clouds were also mapped in dust continuum emission at 1.1 mm, and optical spectroscopy has been obtained for some clouds. This paper combines information drawn from studies of individual clouds into a combined and updated statistical analysis of star-formation rates and efficiencies, numbers and lifetimes for spectral energy distribution (SED) classes, and clustering properties. Current star-formation efficiencies range from 3% to 6%; if star formation continues at current rates for 10 Myr, efficiencies could reach 15–30%. Star-formation rates and rates per unit area vary from cloud to cloud; taken together, the five clouds are producing about 260 M☉ of stars per Myr. The star-formation surface density is more than an order of magnitude larger than would be predicted from the Kennicutt relation used in extragalactic studies, reflecting the fact that those relations apply to larger scales, where more diffuse matter is included in the gas surface density. Measured against the dense gas probed by the maps of dust continuum emission, the efficiencies are much higher, with stellar masses similar to masses of dense gas, and the current stock of dense cores would be exhausted in 1.8 Myr on average. Nonetheless, star formation is still slow compared to that expected in a free-fall time, even in the dense cores. The derived lifetime for the Class I phase is 0.54 Myr, considerably longer than some estimates. Similarly, the lifetime for the Class 0 SED class, 0.16 Myr, with the notable exception of the Ophiuchus cloud, is longer than early estimates. If photometry is corrected for estimated extinction before calculating class indicators, the lifetimes drop to 0.44 Myr for Class I and to 0.10 for Class 0. These lifetimes assume a continuous flow through the Class II phase and should be considered median lifetimes or half-lives. Star formation is highly concentrated to regions of high extinction, and the youngest objects are very strongly associated with dense cores. The great majority (90%) of young stars lie within loose clusters with at least 35 members and a stellar density of 1 M☉ pc−3. Accretion at the sound speed from an isothermal sphere over the lifetime derived for the Class I phase could build a star of about 0.25 M☉, given an efficiency of 0.3. Building larger mass stars by using higher mass accretion rates could be problematic, as our data confirm and aggravate the “luminosity problem” for protostars. At a given Tbol, the values for Lbol are mostly less than predicted by standard infall models and scatter over several orders of magnitude. These results strongly suggest that accretion is time variable, with prolonged periods of very low accretion. Based on a very simple model and this sample of sources, half the mass of a star would be accreted during only 7% of the Class I lifetime, as represented by the eight most luminous objects.