Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tensions between institutional closure and deinstitutionalisation: what can be learned from Victoria’s institutional redevelopment?

Deinstitutionalisation must extend beyond the closure of institutions to individualised support to people with intellectual disabilities and societal change. Castellani suggests that closure processes may be incompatible with effective deinstitutionalisation. This article draws on findings from two Australian studies of institutional closures to explore tensions in the closure process that occur in the policy context of applying managerialist principles to the delivery of services, and examines how these processes hindered or furthered the aims of deinstitutionalisation. It suggests closure can divert attention from planning for individualised support, the needs of staff may conflict with those of residents, transition plans may be disrupted by organisational imperatives and that little attention may be paid to broader community development strategies or micro‐level planning of the nature of staff support. The article reiterates the danger of equating institutional closure with deinstitutionalisation and the need to focus beyond the imperatives of closure.
The Interrelationship between Sport Event and Destination Image and Sport Tourists' Behaviours

Existing literature suggests that event and destination images could interact to influence sport tourism behaviours. Within an attitude-behaviour theoretical framework, this paper proposes and tests a theoretical model examining the interrelationships between sport event image, destination image, satisfaction with the event, past experience with the event and destination, intentions to revisit the destination and subsequent behaviours of sport tourists to revisit. A population of active sport tourists, whose primary trip purpose was to participate in a sport event, was used to test empirically the proposed model. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect panel data in two waves after the event's completion. Structural equation modelling results showed a significant impact of event image on destination image but not the opposite. Destination image and past experience with the destination significantly influenced intentions to revisit the destination for sport tourism activities, while intentions were a significant predictor of actual behaviour to revisit a destination for sport tourism activities. Implications for synergistic approaches are discussed for sport events and destinations.
Interval processing with the UB-Tree

Advanced data warehouses and Web databases have set the demand for processing large sets of time ranges, quality classes, fuzzy data, personalized data and extended objects. Since, all of these data types can be mapped to intervals, interval indexing can dramatically speed up or even be an enabling technology for these new applications. We introduce a method for managing intervals by indexing the dual space with the UB-Tree. We show that our method is an effective and efficient solution, benefitting from all good characteristics of the UB-Tree, i.e., concurrency control, worst case guarantees for insertion, deletion and update as well as efficient query processing. Our technique can easily be integrated into an RDBMS engine providing the UB-Tree as access method. We also show that our technique is superior and more flexible to previously suggested techniques.
Test-Retest Effect on Personality Questionnaires

PERSONALITY questionnaires of all types are being used with increasing frequency as objective measures of adjustment both in clinical practice and in research. One use to which objective measures of adjustment are put is the assessment of the effects of therapy. Such assessment studies can be designed in two basic ways: (a) comparison between the adjustment levels of therapy-treated cases after therapy and of a control group of non-treated cases drawn randomly from the same population, or (b) comparison between the adjustment levels of therapy-treated cases before and after therapy. The first design requires two random samples of patients, only one of which is to be given therapy, a condition hard to meet in clinical practice. Further, there always exists a large degree of inter-individual variance which will act to increase the difficulty of rejecting the null hypothesis. The before-after therapy comparison, on the other hand, is administratively easier to perform, and involves less interindividual variance if each subject’s pre-therapy score can be considered a control for his post-therapy score. There are other difficulties, however, to this apparently preferable test-
The History of Endometriosis

A dispute has recently emerged whether early descriptions exist of the condition we name endometriosis. A first question is: ‘Who identified endometriosis? ' To respond, two non-complementary methods have been employed: searching for ancient descriptions of symptoms associated with endometriosis or, alternatively, identifying researchers who described pathological features we associate with the presence of endometriosis in its various forms. We opted for the latter and found no evidence that in older times anyone delineated the macroscopic features of endometriosis; descriptions of menstrual or cyclic pain cannot be taken as proof of knowledge of what caused it. During the mid-part of the 19th century, Rokitansky had a great intuition: endometrial glands and stroma can be present in ovarian and uterine neoplasias. However, using histological parameters of endometrial structure and activity, the first scientist to delineate peritoneal endometriosis under the name ‘adenomyoma' was Cullen. On the other hand, Rokitansky was the first to describe a form of adenomyosis (an adenomatous polyp). Early descriptions of ovarian endometrioma as ‘haematomas of the ovary' or ‘chocolate cysts' date back to the end of the 19th century. The first mention of an ‘ovary containing uterine mucosa' was published in 1899 by Russel, but Sampson was the first to demonstrate specific endometrial activities, such as desquamation at the time of menstruation and decidualization in pregnancy; subsequently, he presented a theory on its pathogenesis.
Effects of improved patient participation in primary care on health-related outcomes: a systematic review

Background. In primary care, many consultations address symptom-based complaints. Recovery from these complaints seldom exceeds placebo effects. Patient participation, because of its supposed effects on trust and patient expectancies, is assumed to benefit patients’ recovery. While the idea is theoretically promising, it is still unclear what the effects of increased patient participation are on patient outcomes. Aim. To review the effects of controlled intervention studies aiming to improve patient participation in face-to-face primary care consultations on patient-oriented and/or disease-oriented outcomes. Methods. This study is a systematic review. A systematic search was undertaken for randomized controlled trials designed to measure the effects of interventions that aimed to improve adult patients’ participation in primary care visits. The CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched. Results. Seven different trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies were related to symptom-based complaints. Five studies measured patient-oriented outcomes, the primary outcome of interest for this review. All studies suffered from substantial bias. Studies varied widely in their aims, types of complaints/diseases, strength of the interventions and their outcomes. The effects on patient-oriented outcomes and disease-oriented outcomes were ambiguous. Conclusion. Little research has been performed on health outcomes of interventions aiming to increase patient participation in general practice visits among patients suffering from symptom-based complaints. The results still are non-conclusive. The quality of the trials has been weak, possibly due to the complexity of the concept. This weak quality may explain the lack of conclusive results. Proposals for future research designs are offered.
Myocardial Infarct Size and Location in Relation to the Coronary Vascular Bed at Risk in Man

Recent infarcts were compared with the anatomic boundaries of the involved vascular bed in human hearts to determine the amount and location of necrosis in relation to the myocardium at risk. The coronary arteries were injected with BaSo4 in 18 human hearts with 3–16-day-old infarcts. Thin (3–4-mm) slices were cut at 10–15-mm intervals, photographed, x-rayed and used for histologic analysis. Infarct outlines were traced from gross photographs using histologic confirmation of infarct boundaries, and the vascular bed was independently traced from the x-rays. Ischemic bed size and infarct size were then calculated by computerized planimetry. Infarct size ranged from 13–72% of the left ventricle (mean 30 ± 3.6%) and was linearly related to the size of the occluded vascular bed (r = 0.93). However, the infarcts were always smaller than the occluded beds. They involved 50–88% of the ischemic bed (mean 69 ± 3.0%) due to variation in the transmural extent of necrosis. A lateral zone of viable muscle within the ischemic bed was present but consistently narrow (mean 1.7 ± 0.3 mm) so that the infarcts involved 93 ± 2.3% of the width of the bed at risk. Thus, ischemic bed size is a major determinant of infarct size in fatal human infarcts. When natural limitation of infarct size occurs, it is due primarily to limitation of the transmural extent of necrosis.
A diachronic and synchronic account of the multifunctionality of Saramaccan táa

Abstract This article bears on the properties and on the historical derivation of the multifunctional lexical item táa in Saramaccan, an English and Portuguese based Creole of Surinam. Táa fulfills several functions: it may be used as a verb, a complementizer, a quotative marker, and as a marker conveying similarity or manner. Táa is thus a multifunctional lexical item. Its functions parallel in a remarkable way those of the semantically closest substrate languages lexical entries. Furthermore, a review of the early sources reveals that táa was already a multifunctional item in early SA. This constitutes a major drawback for a grammaticalization account of the relationship between táki and táa. The properties of táa are argued to have been derived through the process of relexification. This process consists in assigning a new label to an existing lexical entry; relexification thus reduces to relabeling. Finally, the parameters of relexification/relabeling are shown to be compatible with a monosemic account of multifunctionality, and to not be compatible with a polysemic account of the phenomenon.
An OWLS based architecture for self-optimizing multimedia over IP services

This article presents an architecture to manage a multimedia over IP delivery service. It considers user’s expectations as the main metric that defines the quality of the service thus assuring an efficient resource and effort investment by network operators. The proposed architecture integrates into a single platform both required elements as well as involved processes in a multimedia over IP delivery scenario. In order to achieve a scalable solution, a distributed proposal is made according to proven modeling techniques, with maximum decoupling and composition. Web Services have turned out to be a valid approach to specify involved components. It is necessary, however, to extend the capabilities that web services provide with alternative technologies such as OWL-S to integrate both components and processes into a single unified specification of the management architecture.
Predictors of fatigue over 1 year among people with rheumatoid arthritis

Fatigue is a systemic feeling of exhaustion that is a common symptom of many chronic illnesses, including the autoimmune inflammatory disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined predictors of levels of fatigue among people with RA using Leventhal's Common-Sense Model (CSM), which states that cognitive representations of an illness spur (or halt) people's efforts to cope and thereby influence outcomes of the illness. Our use of the CSM was designed in the light of evidence in the literature specific to fatigue in RA. Current fatigue was reported on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (with anchors “No fatigue” and “Unbearable fatigue”) by 114 people (73.7% women) with RA at baseline and 1 year later. Baseline employment status, pain, impact of disability, sleep disruption frequency, depressed mood, perceptions of consequences, arthritis self-efficacy and attempts to cope by praying/hoping were also self-reported. Duration of RA and a haematological measure of systemic inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ESR) were obtained from hospital records. Unexpectedly, RA duration did not predict fatigue after 1 year, although lower baseline inflammation did (controlling for baseline fatigue and other disease impact variables). This may be due to sampling flares of RA at baseline. Baseline perceptions that RA has severe consequences and is uncontrollable also predicted greater fatigue after 1 year but this relationship was not mediated by praying/hoping. Targeted psychological care to modify perceptions of severe consequences may therefore improve later fatigue for people with RA even when the condition is longstanding, but the mechanisms of any benefit require further investigation.
Vascular Health and Risk Management Dovepress Stiffness of the Large Arteries in Individuals with and without down Syndrome

Background: Down syndrome is known to cause premature aging in several organ systems. However, it remains unclear whether this aging effect also affects the structure and function of the large arterial trunks. In this controlled study, the possibility of changes in the large arteries due to aging was evaluated in patients with Down syndrome. Methods: Eighty-two subjects of both genders were selected. The Down syndrome group had 41 active subjects consisting of 19 males and 22 females (mean age 21 ± 1, range 13–42 years) without cardiovascular complications and who did not use vasoactive drugs. The control group consisted of 41 healthy individuals without trisomy 21 of the same gender and age as the Down syndrome group and who did not use vasoactive medication. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity was obtained as an index of aortic stiffness using an automatic noninvasive method. Results: Individuals with Down syndrome had significantly lower blood pressure than those in the control group. Systolic blood pressure for the Down syndrome group and control group was 106 ± 2 mmHg vs 117 ± 2 mmHg (P , 0.001), respectively; diastolic blood pressure was 66 ± 2 mmHg vs 77 ± 2 mmHg (P , 0.001); and mean arterial pressure was 80 ± 1 mmHg vs 90 ± 1 mmHg (P , 0.001). Only age and systolic blood pressure were shown to correlate significantly with pulse wave velocity, but the slopes of the linear regression curves of these two variables showed no significant difference between the two study groups. Pulse wave velocity, which was initially significantly lower in the Down syndrome group (7.51 ± 0.14 m/s vs 7.84 ± 0.12 m/s; P , 0.05), was similar between the groups after systolic blood pressure adjustment (7.62 ± 0.13 m/s vs 7.73 ± 0.13 m/s). Conclusion: Despite evidence in the literature that patients with Down syndrome undergo early aging, this process does not seem to affect the large arterial trunks, given that values of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were similar in individuals with or without trisomy 21. Considering that Down syndrome presents with chronic hypotension, it is reasonable to propose that the prolonged reduction of arterial distending pressure may contribute to functional preservation of the arteries in patients with Down syndrome.
Automatic language identification using long short-term memory recurrent neural networks

This work explores the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for automatic language identiﬁcation (LID). The use of RNNs is motivated by their better ability in modeling sequences with respect to feed forward networks used in previous works. We show that LSTM RNNs can effectively exploit temporal dependencies in acoustic data, learning relevant features for language discrimination purposes. The proposed approach is compared to baseline i-vector and feed forward Deep Neural Network (DNN) systems in the NIST Language Recognition Evaluation 2009 dataset. We show LSTM RNNs achieve better performance than our best DNN system with an order of magnitude fewer parameters. Further, the combination of the different systems leads to signiﬁcant performance improvements (up to 28%).
Free-space pointing with constrained hand movements

Research on pointing devices has shown that rate control is appropriate for isometric and elastic devices but not effective when input control is purely isotonic. Human hand has been generally considered as an isotonic device. Therefore, pointing devices that are directly controlled by hand movements (e.g., the mouse) are based on position rather than rate control. In this work, we study the relevance of rate control in low-resolution input. Taking into account elastic properties of the human wrist, this work explores designs that mix position and rate control when input is handled by constrained hand movements.
Specific Genes Associated with Adverse Events of Methylphenidate Use in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review

The aim of this study was to review empirical studies examining associations between candidate genes and adverse events (AEs) from methylphenidate (MPH) use in children and adolescents. The PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception until March 2017. We included empirically based articles on pharmacogenetic studies in 0–17-year-old patients that investigated associations between specific candidate genes, their polymorphisms, and reported AEs. We extracted information about study design, setting, type of AE reporter, studied genes and their polymorphisms, age and gender, administered doses, method of genotyping, outcome measures, and main findings. A total of nine articles reporting information about four double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies and five open-label cohort studies were eligible for inclusion. Studies were published from 2006 onward and included a total of 998 patients (3–17-year-olds) diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies predominantly involved males and lasted from 1 to 12 weeks. Studies used polymerase chain reaction and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping methodology. Reported AEs were significantly associated with the following genes: appetite reduction (CES1*G); buccal-lingual movements (T1065G); diastolic blood pressure (ADRA2A Mspl C/C-GC); emotionality (DAT1*9/9); irritability (SNAP25 T1065G); picking (DRD4*7/DRD4*4); social withdrawal (DRD4*7/DRD4*4); somatic complaints (DAT1*10/10); tics (5-HTTLRP*S/L*L/L; SNAP25 T1065G); sadness (CES1*rsl12443580); and vegetative symptoms (5-HTTLPR). In conclusion, only few MPH pediatric pharmacogenetic studies were located, and large between-study heterogeneity was found. Studies were of naturalistic design and of short duration. They included small patient samples, poorly standardized treatment regimens, and limited outcome assessments. In the future, more pharmacogenomic studies in ADHD are needed, preferably using randomized, controlled study designs and of longer duration (more than 6 months).
Domain-Specific Parenting Styles and Their Impact on the Child's Development of Particular Deviance: The Example of Obesity Proneness

A domain-specfic model for the parenting of deviant dispositions in children is proposed in this paper. The model offered is predicated on the notion that in areas of “dev unit” behavior, parents' concerns and parents' constraints on children coalesce to produce eventual problems in self-control. Such problems tend to intensify the originally deviant adjustment, or tend to create disregulatory problems in children who have previously evidenced no obvious difficulties In order to explore the viability of the domain-specific model of parenting, four studies probing factors relevant to the socialization ol obesity-prone behavior are summarized. The outcomes of this research are reasonably congruent with the model and otter some promise of its general applicability to the study of the parenting factors involved in the development of deviant dispositions
75 Years After Likert: Thurstone Was Right!

For over three-quarters of a century researchers and practitioners have analyzed rating scale data using methods that assume a dominance response process wherein an individual high on the trait assessed is assumed to answer positively with high probability. This approach derives from Likert's famous 1932 approach to the development and analysis of rating scales. In this paper, we argue that Likert scaling and related methods are misguided. Instead, we propose that methods that have evolved from Thurstone (1927, 1928, 1929) scaling provide a better representation of the choice process underlying rating scale judgments. These methods hypothesize an ideal point response process where the probability of endorsement is assumed to be directly related to the proximity of the statement to the individual's standing on the assessed trait. We review some research showing the superiority of ideal point methods for personality assessment and then describe several settings in which ideal point methods should provide tangible improvements over traditional approaches to assessment.
A Five-Gene Molecular Grade Index and HOXB13:IL17BR Are Complementary Prognostic Factors in Early Stage Breast Cancer

Purpose: Histologic tumor grade is a well-established prognostic factor for breast cancer, and tumor grade–associated genes are the common denominator of many prognostic gene signatures. The objectives of this study are as follows: (a) to develop a simple gene expression index for tumor grade (molecular grade index or MGI), and (b) to determine whether MGI and our previously described HOXB13:IL17BR index together provide improved prognostic information. Experimental Design: From our previously published list of genes whose expression correlates with both tumor grade and tumor stage progression, we selected five cell cycle–related genes to build MGI and evaluated MGI in two publicly available microarray data sets totaling 410 patients. Using two additional cohorts (n = 323), we developed a real-time reverse transcription PCR assay for MGI, validated its prognostic utility, and examined its interaction with HOXB13:IL17BR. Results: MGI performed consistently as a strong prognostic factor and was comparable with a more complex 97-gene genomic grade index in multiple data sets. In patients treated with endocrine therapy, MGI and HOXB13:IL17BR modified each other's prognostic performance. High MGI was associated with significantly worse outcome only in combination with high HOXB13:IL17BR, and likewise, high HOXB13:IL17BR was significantly associated with poor outcome only in combination with high MGI. Conclusions: We developed and validated a five-gene reverse transcription PCR assay for MGI suitable for analyzing routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical samples. The combination of MGI and HOXB13:IL17BR outperforms either alone and identifies a subgroup (∼30%) of early stage estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer patients with very poor outcome despite endocrine therapy.