Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Web-Based Learning Environment Instrument (WEBLEI)

Bu arastirmada, Web-tabanli Ogrenme Ortami Olcegi’nin (Chang ve Fisher, 2003) Turkce formunun olusturulmasi ve olcegin Turkce formunun Turkiye’nin sosyokulturel yapisina uygunlugu, psikometrik ozellikleri acisindan arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Web-tabanli ogrenme ortamlarinin psikolojik ve sosyolojik atmosferine yonelik ogrenci algilarinin olculmesi icin Chang ve Fisher (2003) tarafindan gelistirilen Web-tabanli ogrenme ortami olcegi dort farkli boyutta yer alan 32 maddeden olusmaktadir. Bu boyutlar; erisim, etkilesim, memnuniyet, icerik yonetimi. Olcegin Turkce formu Turkiye’deki dort universitede ogrenim goren 772 ogrencisi uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Webtabanli ogrenme ortami olceginin Turkce formundan elde edilen olcumlerin cozumlenmesinde dogrulayici faktor analizine basvurulmus ve bes farkli model sinanmistir. Bu modellerden elde edilen faktor cozumlemesi sonucunda 32 maddenin dort farkli alt boyuta yer aldigi iliskili dort faktorlu modele iliskin veri-model uyum degerleri ve bagintilarindan anlamli sonuclar elde edilmistir. Bununla birlikte olcme aracindan elde edilen verilerin guvenirligi (Cronbach Alfa) ile test edilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar, Web-tabanli Ogrenme Ortami Olcegi’nin Turkce formunun gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcme araci oldugunu gostermektedir.
Leadership Through A Gender Lens: How Cultural Environments and Theoretical Perspectives Interact with Gender

The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical overview of what makes a leader effective using the theoretical lenses of behavioral and contingency theories and the theory of transformational leadership. We then analyze these theories from a gender perspective. The presence and effects of gender discrimination in the workplace, managerial and subordinate preconceptions and attitudes as identified in the current body of literature and the possible consequences for potential female leaders are discussed. Finally, the article turns to discuss the interaction between national and organizational culture and gender in terms of leadership opportunities. The aim of this article is to contribute to the discussion on the above areas and to provide a bringing together of perspectives so as to facilitate future research. This is a review article where we theoretically examine the gender context in leadership theory and practice with some illustrations from observation and experience.
Discriminative Dictionary Learning Based on Supervised Feature Selection for Image Classification

The bag-of-features based models are widely used for image classification. In these models, an image is represented as a set of visual words which come from a dictionary. Therefore, a well learned dictionary is responsible for the discriminative power of representations of images. Our observations show that the representation of an image carries rich underlying information of a dictionary, so we propose a novel method to learn a dictionary by analyzing histogram representations of images, called Discriminative Dictionary Learning based on Supervised Feature Selection for Image Classification (DFS). Instead of directly learning a dictionary from the feature space, we construct a discriminative and compact dictionary from a coarse dictionary. The supervised feature selection technique is brought into the analysis of histogram representation, which eventually leads to dictionary refinement. Experimental results on challenging databases (Caltech-101, Caltech-256) show that learned dictionaries works better for bag-of-features based models.
Enzymatic Reconstitution of Brain Membrane and Membrane Opiate Receptors

Abstract: A new method using lysophosphatide and acyl‐CoA as detergents has been used to solubilize the rat brain opiate receptor. After solubilization, lysophosphatide and acyl‐CoA can be almost completely removed by an enzymatic reaction that uses an acyltransferase from rat liver microsomes and reconstitutes the solubilized receptor in membranous vesicles. Morphological studies performed with negative staining and freeze‐fracture electron microscopy revealed that the general appearance and intramembrane particle distribution of fracture faces in the reconstituted membrane are similar to those of the native membrane; this indicates that hydrophobic protein components of the original membrane were incorporated during reconstitution. Reconstituted membrane, however, contained higher levels of phosphatidylcholine and lower levels of cholesterol. The activities of the membrane‐bound enzymes Na+, K − ‐ATPase and Ca2 ‐, Mg2+‐ATPaxe in the reconstituted system were 24 and 3%, respectively, those of the native membrane. Although binding of opiate ligands to the reconstituted membrane was stereospecific and saturable, higher concentrations of some of the unlabeled ligands were required to inhibit binding of the radiolabeled ligands. These changes in receptor characteristics are likely due to changes in lipid composition, physical state, and/or distribution of the lipids in the reconstituted membrane bilayer. This conclusion is supported by an increase in the affinity of opiate ligands for reconstituted membrane after adjustment of the latter's lipid composition to match more closely that of the original membrane. This was accomplished by treatment with phospholipid exchange protein to remove the excess phosphatidylcholine and by incorporation of cholesterol into the reconstituted membrane.
p53 controls colorectal cancer cell invasion by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated activation of Fascin

p53 mutation is known to contribute to cancer progression. Fascin is an actin-bundling protein and has been recently identified to promote cancer cell migration and invasion through its role in formation of cellular protrusions such as filopodia and invadopodia. However, the relationship between p53 and Fascin is not understood. Here, we have found a new link between them. In colorectal adenocarcinomas, p53 mutation correlated with high NF-κB, Fascin and low E-cadherin expression. Moreover, this expression profile was shown to contribute to poor overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Wild-type p53 could inhibit NF-κB activity that repressed the expression of Fascin and cancer cell invasiveness. In contrast, in p53-deficient primary cultured cells, NF-κB activity was enhanced and then activation of NF-κB increased the expression of Fascin. In further analysis, we showed that NF-κB was a key determinant for p53 deletion-stimulated Fascin expression. Inhibition of NF-κB /p65 expression by pharmacological compound or p65 siRNA suppressed Fascin activity in p53-deficient cells. Moreover, restoration of p53 expression decreased the activation of Fascin through suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that a negative-feedback loop exists, whereby p53 can suppress colorectal cancer cell invasion by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated activation of Fascin.
Evidence from chimaeras for the pattern of proliferation of epidermis in the mouse.

The recessive mutant gene downless (dl) causes abnormal texture of the coat and absence of hair on the tail. The dl locus had previously been shown to act in the epidermis and not in the dermis. To obtain evidence on the pattern of proliferation of epidermis, downless <-> normal chimaeras were produced by embryo aggregation, and the pattern of normal and mutant hair in the coat was examined. The chimaeras showed a pattern of narrow transverse stripes of normal and abnormal hair. This pattern was similar to that found in mice chimaeric for alleles at the agouti locus known to act in the dermis. This evidence supports the conclusion that the pattern of cell proliferation is similar in dermis and epidermis, and is compatible with the hypothesis that both tissues proliferate by lateral coherent clonal growth from a randomly mixed array of longitudinally arranged cells.
Kinship Care and Permanence: Guiding Principles for Policy and Practice

Children have been entering the custody of child welfare agencies at an ever-increasing rate over the past several years. Over 1/2 million children remained in foster care at the end of 2002—about half of whom are over age 9. This article reviews why kinship care is favored, and in part uses lessons learned from the Kinship Adoption Project in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, to discuss barriers and permanence of kinship care, needed shifts in philosophy and policies, and practice strategies to promote permanence in kinship homes. Achieving successful outcomes for children in kinship care requires child welfare policy makers, administrators, and practitioners to make philosophical shifts, policy changes, and practice efforts that support kin caregivers and children.
Effects of 28Si Ions, 56Fe Ions, and Protons on the Induction of Murine Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Estimates of cancer risks posed to space-flight crews by exposure to high atomic number, high-energy (HZE) ions are subject to considerable uncertainty because epidemiological data do not exist for human populations exposed to similar radiation qualities. We assessed the carcinogenic effects of 300 MeV/n 28Si or 600 MeV/n 56Fe ions in a mouse model for radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. C3H/HeNCrl mice were irradiated with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 1 Gy of 300 MeV/n 28Si ions, 600 MeV/n 56Fe ions or 1 or 2 Gy of protons simulating the 1972 solar particle event (1972SPE) at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory. Additional mice were irradiated with 137Cs gamma rays at doses of 1, 2, or 3 Gy. All groups were followed until they were moribund or reached 800 days of age. We found that 28Si or 56Fe ions do not appear to be substantially more effective than gamma rays for the induction of acute myeloid leukemia. However, 28Si or 56Fe ion irradiated mice had a much higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma than gamma ray irradiated or proton irradiated mice. These data demonstrate a clear difference in the effects of these HZE ions on the induction of leukemia compared to solid tumors, suggesting potentially different mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Also seen in this study was an increase in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the 28Si and 56Fe ion irradiated mice compared with those exposed to gamma rays or 1972SPE protons, a finding with important implications for setting radiation exposure limits for space-flight crew members.
NONLINEAR PATH FOLLOWING CONTROL OF FULLY ACTUATED MARINE VEHICLES WITH PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY

Abstract The paper addresses the problem of steering a fully actuated marine vehicle along a desired path. The methodology adopted for path following control deals explicitly with vehicle dynamics and plant parameter uncertainty. Furthermore, it avoids tight constraints on initial conditions that are present in other approaches reported in the literature. The main contribution of the paper is the development of an efficient two-stage procedure: first, a path following control law is designed based on the kinematics only; this is followed by the design of a robustly stabilizing controller for the vehicle dynamics. A coupling term in the final dynamic control law that emerges naturally out of the design procedure ensures stability of the resulting closed-loop system. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the control system proposed.
Debt Contract Terms and Creditor Control

The law and finance literature characterizes debt covenants as a means to manage agency conflicts between creditors and shareholders. While both banks and bondholders make use of these covenants, they do so in quite different ways. Banks typically monitor their debtors closely and rely on financial maintenance covenants to protect their interests. When these covenants get triggered, banks can use the leverage of accelerating the loan to achieve their governance goals. This ability to monitor and renegotiate suggests that tailoring precise ex ante contract restrictions is not of paramount importance because a bank and a debtor can negotiate around those restrictions based on ex post contract conditions. Bondholders, in contrast, face substantial barriers to monitoring and renegotiating with their debtors because these bondholders tend to be large groups of passive investors who face substantial collective action problems. As a consequence, ex ante restrictive terms in the contract are likely to be the primary means through which bondholders can address potential conflicts with shareholders. These differences in contracting technologies suggest that the restrictions in bond contracts are more likely to respond to changes in background legal rules. This paper tests this theory by treating two Delaware decisions that limited the default duties that the directors of Delaware corporations owe to creditors as a shock to the contracting conditions for Delaware firms. Difference-in-difference and triple difference tests suggest that restrictive terms in bond contracts for Delaware firms increased in reaction to this change, while there was not a detectable shift in the strictness of loan agreements.
Simulation Studies for the Identification of Genetic Networks from cDNA Array and Regulatory Activity Data

A model genetic regulatory network for the evaluation of genetic regulatory network identification methods is described in the present work. This model is novel because of its mechanistic basis and its relatively large (10 gene) scale. The model is used to evaluate several simple techniques from the literature for identifying genetic regulatory networks from data. Even though simple models derived from cDNA array data alone can fit data very well, it is observed that their applicability for determining network architecture is questionable. A method that combines cDNA array data, regulatory activity data, and genomic sequence data is, of the methods considered, most promising for the identification of network architecture.
Sequence and structure alignment of Paramyxoviridae attachment proteins and discovery of enzymatic activity for a morbillivirus hemagglutinin

On the basis of the conservation of neuraminidase (N) active-site residues in influenza virus N and paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), it has been suggested that the three-dimensional (3D) structures of the globular heads of the two proteins are broadly similar. In this study, details of this structural similarity are worked out. Detailed multiple sequence alignment of paramyxovirus HN proteins and influenza virus N proteins was based on the schematic representation of the previously proposed structural similarity. This multiple sequence alignment of paramyxovirus HN proteins was used as an intermediate to align the morbillivirus hemagglutinin (H) proteins with neuraminidase. Hypothetical 3D structures were built for paramyxovirus HN and morbillivirus H, based on homology modelling. The locations of insertions and deletions, glycosylation sites, active-site residues, and disulfide bridges agree with the proposed 3D structure of HN and H of the Paramyxoviridae. Moreover, details of the modelled H protein predict previously undescribed enzymatic activity. This prediction was confirmed for rinderpest virus and peste des petits ruminants virus. The enzymatic activity was highly substrate specific, because sialic acid was released only from crude mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands. The enzymatic activity may indicate a general infection mechanism for respiratory viruses, and the active site may prove to be a new target for antiviral compounds.
Role of Ions in the Regulation of Light-Harvesting

Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in the thylakoids is one of the major key factors affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis. Thylakoid membrane is negatively charged and influences both the structure and the function of the primarily photosynthetic reactions through its electrical double layer (EDL). Further, there is a heterogeneous organization of soluble ions (K+, Mg2+, Cl−) attached to the thylakoid membrane that, together with fixed charges (negatively charged amino acids, lipids), provides an electrical field. The EDL is affected by the valence of the ions and interferes with the regulation of “state transitions,” protein interactions, and excitation energy “spillover” from Photosystem II to Photosystem I. These effects are reflected in changes in the intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence, which is also a measure of photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a. A triggering of NPQ proceeds via lumen acidification that is coupled to the export of positive counter-ions (Mg2+, K+) to the stroma or/and negative ions (e.g., Cl−) into the lumen. The effect of protons and anions in the lumen and of the cations (Mg2+, K+) in the stroma are, thus, functionally tightly interconnected. In this review, we discuss the consequences of the model of EDL, proposed by Barber (1980b) Biochim Biophys Acta 594:253–308) in light of light-harvesting regulation. Further, we explain differences between electrostatic screening and neutralization, and we emphasize the opposite effect of monovalent (K+) and divalent (Mg2+) ions on light-harvesting and on “screening” of the negative charges on the thylakoid membrane; this effect needs to be incorporated in all future models of photosynthetic regulation by ion channels and transporters.
Task complexity, task difficulty, and task production: exploring interactions in a componential framework

This paper describes a framework for examining the effects of the cognitive complexity of tasks on language production and learner perceptions of task difficulty, and for motivating sequencing decisions in task-based syllabuses. Results of a study of the relationship between task complexity, difficulty, and production show that increasing the cognitive complexity of a direction-giving map task significantly affects speaker-information-giver production (more lexical variety on a complex version and greater fluency on a simple version) and hearer-information-receiver interaction (more confirmation checks on a complex version). Cognitive complexity also significantly affects learner perceptions of difficulty (e.g. a complex version is rated significantly more stressful than a simple version). Task role significantly affects ratings of difficulty, though task sequencing (simple to complex versus the reverse sequence) does not. However, sequencing does affect the accuracy and fluency of speaker production. Implications of the findings for task-based syllabus design and further research into task complexity, difficulty, and production interactions are discussed.
Tumor MHC Class I Expression Improves the Prognostic Value of T-cell Density in Resected Colorectal Liver Metastases

Using a tissue microarray of liver metastases from 158 patients with colorectal cancer, Turcotte and colleagues show that high MHC class I expression with dense intratumoral T-cell infiltration identifies patients with favorable outcomes independent of conventional prognostic factors. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM) have been associated with more favorable patient outcomes, but whether MHC class I (MHC-I) expression on cancer cells affects prognosis is uncertain. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a tissue microarray of 158 patients with CLM, who underwent partial hepatectomy with curative intent. Using the antibody HC-10, which detects HLA-B and HLA-C antigens and a minority of HLA-A antigens, MHC-I expression was correlated with β-2 microglobulin (β2m; r = 0.7; P < 0.001), but not with T-cell density (r < 0.32). The median follow-up for survivors was 9.7 years. High levels of MHC-I expression in tumors concomitant with high T-cell infiltration (CD3, CD4, or CD8) best identified patients with favorable outcomes, compared with patients with one or none of these immune features. The median overall survival (OS) of patients with MHC-IhiCD3hi tumors (n = 31) was 116 months compared with 40 months for the others (P = 0.001), and the median time to recurrence (TTR) was not reached compared with 17 months (P = 0.008). By multivariate analysis, MHChiCD3hi was associated with OS and TTR independent of the standard clinicopathologic variables. An immune score that combines MHC-I expression and TIL density may be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of patients with CLM. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(6); 530–7. ©2014 AACR.
Characterization of apolipoprotein E7 (Glu(244)-->Lys, Glu(245)--->Lys), a mutant apolipoprotein E associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Previously, a mutant apolipoprotein (apo) E, apolipoprotein E7 (Glu(244)-->Lys, Glu(245)--->Lys), has been identified in association with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. To investigate the effects of its structural changes on lipoprotein metabolisms and its correlation with atherosclerosis, we characterized this mutant apoE with respect to its receptor-binding, heparin-binding, and lipoprotein association. In a competitive binding assay, apoE7. dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine displayed a defective binding to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The concentration of apoE7 required for 50% displacement of (125)I-labeled LDL was 0.223 microg/ml, while that for apoE3 was 0.048 microg/ml. ApoE7 possesses only 23% of normal binding activity. To investigate the lipoprotein preference of apoE7, we determined the relative amounts of apoE7 in plasma lipoprotein fractions obtained by ultracentrifugation or gel filtration. Like human apoE4, apoE7 was preferentially associated with the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). For determination of heparin-binding activity, apoVLDL was applied to a heparin-Sepharose affinity column and the bound materials were eluted with a salt gradient. The apoE7 was eluted at a higher NaCl concentration (157 mm) than apoE3 (126 mm), indicating that this mutant has a higher affinity for heparin than does apoE3. While the reduced receptor-binding activity indicates delayed clearance of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, the preferential association of apoE7 with larger-size lipoproteins and the stronger interaction with heparin may compensate, to some extent, for the delayed clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The strong interaction with proteoglycans in the arterial wall seems to be one of the possible explanations for the association of apoE7 with atherosclerosis. -Yamamura, T. , L-M. Dong, and A. Yamamoto. Characterization of apolipoprotein E7 (Glu(244)-->Lys, Glu(245)--->Lys), a mutant apolipoprotein E associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
An Unsupervised Hierarchical Feature Learning Framework for One-Shot Image Recognition

One-shot recognition has attracted increasing attention recently, inspired by the fact that human cognitive systems could perform recognition tasks well provided only one or a few labeled training samples, in contrast to the conventional object recognition systems that require a large number of labeled training images. One-shot recognition is a visual classification task, where only one training sample is available for each object category in the target test domain, with the help of prior-knowledge data from the source domain. In this paper, we tackle this challenging one-shot recognition problem under a more exciting setting by using only unlabeled images as prior knowledge, which requires less labeling effort than previous works which adopt fully labeled data and/or a sophisticated attribute table designed by human experts. We propose a novel unsupervised hierarchical feature learning framework to learn a feature pyramid from the prior-knowledge domain. The proposed feature learning method also could be applied across multiple feature spaces. Furthermore, we propose using pyramid-matching kernels to combine multilevel features. Examining the “Animals with Attributes” and Caltech-4 data sets in our one-shot recognition setting, we show that the proposed unsupervised feature learning approach with very limited information could achieve comparable performance to that of supervised ones.