Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A ciência nas regiões brasileiras: evolução da produção e das redes de colaboração científica

A recente evolucao da ciencia brasileira e caracterizada pelo crescimento acelerado da producao cientifica e pela intensificacao da colaboracao entre seus pesquisadores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar elementos sobre o papel da geografia na evolucao da producao e colaboracao cientifica no Brasil entre 1992 e 2009, por meio da identificacao de padroes espaciais e da importância relativa das regioes em termos de producao, especializacao cientifica e grau de interacao colaborativa com outras regioes. Para este estudo, foram desenvolvidas (i) uma base de dados unica, composta por mais de um milhao de pesquisadores e sete milhoes de publicacoes cientificas registradas na Plataforma Lattes, e (ii) diferentes redes de colaboracoes (coautoria) cientificas entre regioes e estados brasileiros. Embora os principais resultados apontem para a heterogeneidade espacial da producao e colaboracao cientifica, existem fortes evidencias de um processo de desconcentracao espacial ao longo do tempo associado a expansao das redes de colaboracao e ao aumento da participacao de autores das regioes cientificamente menos tradicionais, tais como Sul e Nordeste. Observam-se diferencas acentuadas entre as distribuicoes regionais da producao e as configuracoes espaciais das redes de cada area do conhecimento. Neste trabalho ressalta-se a importância das redes de colaboracao cientifica no tocante a formulacao de politicas de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao no Brasil no sentido de promover o incremento de qualidade e a desconcentracao regional da atividade cientifica e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento das regioes menos favorecidas.Palavras-chave: Analise espacial. Colaboracao cientifica. Padroes espaciais. Producao cientifica. Tecnicas bibliometricas.
Coping, Androgyny, and Attributional Style

To examine the impact of androgyny and attributional style on coping ability, a demographic questionnaire, the Zeitlin Coping Inventory, the Bem Sex-role Inventory and the Attributional Style Questionnaire were completed by 301 first-year students at the University of Stellenbosch. It was found that androgynous female subjects displayed significantly better coping abilities than female subjects with feminine, masculine, or undifferentiated sex-role orientations. No significant difference was found between coping abilities of androgynous and masculine male subjects, although both androgynous and masculine males showed significantly better coping abilities than males with feminine or undifferentiated sex-role orientations. Regarding a specific aspect of coping, namely flexibility of coping style, both male and female subjects with androgynous sex-role orientations displayed significantly more flexibility in their coping styles than subjects of any other sex-role type. Regarding attributional style, a significant positive correlation was found between good coping ability and an internal, stable, and global attributional style for positive events. A significant positive correlation was likewise found between good coping ability and an external, unstable, and specific attributional style for negative events. The conclusion was drawn that androgyny and an adaptive attributional style served as important coping resources.
A Novel EPO Receptor Agonist Improves Glucose Tolerance via Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle in a Mouse Model of Diabetes

Patients treated with recombinant human Epo demonstrate an improvement in insulin sensitivity. We aimed to investigate whether CNTO 530, a novel Epo receptor agonist, could affect glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. A single administration of CNTO 530 significantly and dose-dependently reduced the area under the curve in a glucose tolerance test in diet-induced obese and diabetic mice after 14, 21, and 28 days. HOMA analysis suggested an improvement in insulin sensitivity, and this effect was confirmed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Uptake of 14C-2-deoxy-D-glucose indicated that animals dosed with CNTO 530 transported more glucose into skeletal muscle and heart relative to control animals. In conclusion, CNTO530 has a profound effect on glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rodents likely because of improving peripheral insulin sensitivity. This effect was observed with epoetin-α and darbepoetin-α, suggesting this is a class effect, but the effect with these compounds relative to CNTO530 was decreased in duration and magnitude.
Learned Optimizers that Scale and Generalize

Learning to learn has emerged as an important direction for achieving artificial intelligence. Two of the primary barriers to its adoption are an inability to scale to larger problems and a limited ability to generalize to new tasks. We introduce a learned gradient descent optimizer that generalizes well to new tasks, and which has significantly reduced memory and computation overhead. We achieve this by introducing a novel hierarchical RNN architecture, with minimal per-parameter overhead, augmented with additional architectural features that mirror the known structure of optimization tasks. We also develop a meta-training ensemble of small, diverse, optimization tasks capturing common properties of loss landscapes. The optimizer learns to outperform RMSProp/ADAM on problems in this corpus. More importantly, it performs comparably or better when applied to small convolutional neural networks, despite seeing no neural networks in its meta-training set. Finally, it generalizes to train Inception V3 and ResNet V2 architectures on the ImageNet dataset for thousands of steps, optimization problems that are of a vastly different scale than those it was trained on.
DISTRIBUTION OF TWO SPECIES OF LAMINARIA AS RELATED TO SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 1

The distributions of Laminaria saccharina and the long and short stipe forms of L. groenlandica about Vancouver Island were correlated with temperature, salinity, and water motion. The 2 forms of L. groenlandica were absent from areas of high temperature and low salinity. The long stipe form was restricted to areas of heavy surf and the short stipe form to areas of moderate surf. L. saccharina was absent from areas subjected to surf. These observations were subjected to laboratory and field tests involving gametophytes and sporophytes of both species. The distributions of the 2 forms of L. groenlandica can be explained on the basis of temperature and salinity distributions: both forms require low temperature and high salinity for survival. L. saccharina has a wide range of tolerance to temperature and salinity; surf appears to be the controlling agent.
Differences in time to natural conception between women with unexplained infertility and infertile women with minor endometriosis.

BACKGROUND Opinion remains divided as to whether finding endometriotic lesions in the absence of adhesions has an adverse effect on the likelihood of conception. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 192 fully investigated infertile couples, followed up for up to 3 years following laparoscopy. Women studied were ovulating, <40 old years and their partners had normal sperm parameters. All 117 women with unexplained infertility and 75 with minimal/mild endometriosis without adhesive disease were managed conservatively. RESULTS Women with endometriosis were found to have a lower probability of pregnancy compared with women with unexplained infertility (36% versus 55%; P<0.05). Other factors adversely associated with pregnancy were primary infertility, smoking and longer duration (>3 years) of infertility. However, the effects of duration of infertility and primary infertility were not observed to be statistically significant for women with endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS The findings, although undertaken in a select population undergoing laparoscopy, suggest the likelihood of pregnancy is reduced in infertile women with minimal/mild endometriosis compared with those infertile women with a normal pelvis. Duration of infertility and a previous history of pregnancy are important in predicting the likelihood of pregnancy in women with no obvious cause for their infertility (unexplained), whilst the relationship may be more complex in women with minor endometriosis
Wrist and ankle MRI of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: identification of unsuspected multicompartmental tenosynovitis and arthritis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize the extent of joint and tendon involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis referred for MRI of the wrist or ankle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients (32 female and 13 male patients; mean age, 10 years; age range, 1-19 years) with an established diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis were referred for MRI of the wrist or ankle between January 2000 and August 2012 (39 wrists and 33 ankles). All MRI examinations and clinical notes were reviewed, and joint and tendon involvement was recorded. RESULTS Tenosynovitis was present in 50% (36/72) of examinations. Tenosynovitis was not documented in clinical notes before MRI. When tenosynovitis was present, an average of 3.5 tendons were involved (range, 1-12 tendons). For the wrist, 59% (23/39) had tenosynovitis, and the extensor digitorum tendon (23% [9/39]) was most commonly involved. For the ankle, 39% (13/33) had tenosynovitis, and the tibialis posterior tendon (33.3% [11/33]) was most commonly involved. For the wrist, 89.7% (35/39) had active joint inflammation with an average of 3.1 joints involved (range, 0-6 joints), and the intercarpal joint was most commonly involved (69% [27/39]). For the ankle, 69.7% (23/33) had active joint inflammation, with an average of 2.4 joints involved (range, 0-5 joints), and the tibiotalar joint (52% [17/33]) was most commonly involved. CONCLUSION Multicompartmental tenosynovitis and arthritis involvement is common in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis referred for MRI of the wrist or ankle and is underappreciated on clinical examination. International League of Associations for Rheumatology subclassification and targeted intraarticular steroid injections guided by clinical examination alone may lead to undertreatment or incorrect treatment of active disease.
Loss of heterozygosity preferentially occurs in early replicating regions in cancer genomes

Erroneous repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR) leads to loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Analysing 22 392 and 74 415 LOH events in 363 glioblastoma and 513 ovarian cancer samples, respectively, and using three different metrics, we report that LOH selectively occurs in early replicating regions; this pattern differs from the trends for point mutations and somatic deletions, which are biased toward late replicating regions. Our results are independent of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status. The LOH events are significantly clustered near RNA polII-bound transcription start sites, consistent with the reports that slow replication near paused RNA polII might initiate HR-mediated repair. The frequency of LOH events is higher in the chromosomes with shorter inter-homolog distance inside the nucleus. We propose that during early replication, HR-mediated rescue of replication near paused RNA polII using homologous chromosomes as template leads to LOH. The difference in the preference for replication timing between different classes of genomic alterations in cancer genomes also provokes a testable hypothesis that replicating cells show changing preference between various DNA repair pathways, which have different levels of efficiency and fidelity, as the replication progresses.
Shall I Tell You Where I Live and Who I Am? Factors Influencing the Behavioral Intention to Disclose Personal Data for Online Government Transactions

The success of an online transaction with a government organization depends on citizen's willingness to share personal data relevant for the transaction. However, disclosing personal data online is oftentimes considered risky. It has been substantiated in a number of empirical studies that perceptions of the risks involved in sharing personal data in the virtual environment could hinder Internet users from engaging in online transactions that require the disclosure of personal data. Results of a large-scale online survey with 2,202 Dutch Internet users reveal that trust in government organizations is a very important determinant of personal data disclosure intention among users with and without e-government experience. Low perceptions of risks, high expectations of the benefits of e-government services, and strong beliefs in the adequacy of legal protection mechanisms could also positively influence users' intention to share personal data for e-government services. The negative relation between trust and risk perceptions is also established, as citizens' trust in government organizations could reduce perceptions of the risks involved in disclosing personal data online.
Culture and foreign language education : insights from research and implications for the practice

This book offers insights from current research on the role of culture in foreign language learning as well as the construction of culture and identity through language learning and use. It presents original empirical studies and theoretical discussions which bear important implications for curricular practice in language education, as well as accounts of developmental projects for integrated foreign language and culture learning.
Divide-and-Coordinate by Egalitarian Utilities: turning DCOPs into egalitarian worlds

A Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP) [7, 6] is a formal framework that can model many cooperative multi-agents domains. The Divide-and-Coordinate (DaC) framework [11] is one of the few general frameworks for solving DCOPs that provides bounds on solution quality for incomplete algorithms. In this paper, we formulate a novel DaC algorithm, the so-called Egalitarian Utilities Divide-and-Coordinate (EU-DaC) algorithm. The intuition behind EU-DaC is that agents would get closer to the agreement, that is to the optimal solution in DaC, when they communicate their local utilities for their decisions instead of their preferred decisions. We empirically show how this new algorithm outperforms DaCSA [11], the other DaC algorithm proposed so far, in all instances. We also show that it is very competitive when compared with bounded MGM k-optimal algorithms [5, 4], eventually outperforming them on some problem topologies. Our results also show how bounds provided by the DaC framework are much tighter than 2-optimal and 3-optimal bounds.
On the performance of the TCP/RLP layers over VBLAST coded schemes

The next generation of wireless communications systems will likely incorporate MIMO techniques in order to provide higher data rate multimedia services. Moreover, the transmission control protocol (TCP) is generally employed at the transport layer for reliable data communication. Thus, the optimization of TCP/RLP performance over MIMO systems is currently an important research area. In this paper, we investigate several VBLAST coded schemes, with different spectral efficiencies, in order to improve the end-to-end TCP performance for client-server and peer-to-peer applications. We evaluate seven coded schemes using convolutional codes with different coding rates and memories. The best transmission strategy for each value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) is determined.
Imagined communities, language learning and identity in highly skilled transnational migrants: a case study of Korean immigrants in Canada

With the global trend of transnational migration, a huge influx of highly skilled immigrants has been influencing Canadian society and economy. However, there is little literature that illuminates highly skilled migrants’ workplace experiences and their identities in terms of second language acquisition. This multiple case study explores three highly skilled Korean immigrants’ experiences, focusing on the interplay of their language learning, identity, and workplace communities. Grounded in the notion of “imagined communities” (Kano & Norton, 2003) and the theory of “communities of practice” (Lave & Wenger, 1991), this study analyzes the process of how highly skilled migrants have constructed their imagined workplace communities. By revealing the multiple dynamic negotiations co-constructed by the workplace contexts and the individuals, this study shows the interlocked relationship between second language learning, identity, and the given community. This study also argues the importance of membership and positive social arrangements in a community for language learning.
The Use of Myeloid Colony-Stimulating Factors in Hematologic Malignancies: The Role of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Myeloid colony-stimulating factors (M-CSFs), which include granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), regulate the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells. Their use has an important role in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Guidelines for the use of colony stimulating factors have been published by the American Society of Oncology (ASCO) in 1996 and have been updated several times, most recently in 2006. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials are regarded as the highest grade of evidence in clinical research and as such, compared to individual studies, they have more power in answering unresolved clinical issues. In this review, our aim is to evaluate the role of M-CSFs in hematologic malignancies based on meta-analyses conducted in the field.
Benefits of co-design in service design projects

In many service design projects, co-design is seen as critical to success and a range of benefits are attributed to co-design. In this paper, we present an overview of benefits of co-design in service design projects, in order to help the people involved to articulate more precisely and realistically which benefits to aim for. Based on a literature review and a discussion of three service design projects, we identified three types of benefits: for the service design project; for the service’s customers or users; and for the organization(s) involved. These benefits are related to improving the creative process, the service, project management, or longer-term effects. We propose that the people involved in co-design first identify the goals of the service design project and then align their co-design activities, and the associated benefits, to these goals. The paper closes with a brief discussion on the need for developing ways to monitor and evaluate whether the intended benefits are indeed realized, and the need to assess and take into account the costs and risks of co-design.
C-reactive protein and its relation to high blood pressure in overweight or obese children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and high blood pressure (BP) in overweight or obese children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 184 overweight or obese children and adolescents aged from two to 18 years old, from April, 2009 to April, 2010. The classification of nutritional status used the body mass index (BMI). Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention curve, individuals were classified as: overweight (BMI between the 85th-95th percentiles), obesity (BMI between 95th-97th percentiles) and severe obesity (BMI >97th percentile). Abnormal values were considered for systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic (DBP) if ≥90th percentile of the BP curve recommended for children and adolescents in the V Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension, for waist circumference (WC) if ≥90th percentile of the curve established by the National Cholesterol Education Program, and for high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) if >3mg/dL. To evaluate the association of inadequate values of CRP and the studied groups, chi-square test and analysis of variance were applied, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0 and adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS Among the evaluated sample, 66.3% were female, 63.5%, non-white, 64.1% had severe obesity, 78.3% had altered WC and 70.6% presented high BP. There was a significant association of CRP high levels with altered WC and BMI ≥97th percentile. In adolescents, high CRP was related to high SBP. CRP mean values were higher in individuals with elevated SBP. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate values of hs-CRP were associated with severe obesity and high SBP in the studied population. These markers can be used to identify children and adolescents at higher risk for developing atherosclerosis.
Spike Train Decoding Without Spike Sorting

We propose a novel paradigm for spike train decoding, which avoids entirely spike sorting based on waveform measurements. This paradigm directly uses the spike train collected at recording electrodes from thresholding the bandpassed voltage signal. Our approach is a paradigm, not an algorithm, since it can be used with any of the current decoding algorithms, such as population vector or likelihood-based algorithms. Based on analytical results and an extensive simulation study, we show that our paradigm is comparable to, and sometimes more efficient than, the traditional approach based on well-isolated neurons and that it remains efficient even when all electrodes are severely corrupted by noise, a situation that would render spike sorting particularly difficult. Our paradigm will also save time and computational effort, both of which are crucially important for successful operation of real-time brain-machine interfaces. Indeed, in place of the lengthy spike-sorting task of the traditional approach, it involves an exact expectation EM algorithm that is fast enough that it could also be left to run during decoding to capture potential slow changes in the states of the neurons.
Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980

By examining environmental change through the lens of conflicting social agendas, Andrew Hurley uncovers the historical roots of environmental inequality in contemporary urban America. Hurley's study focuses on the steel mill community of Gary, Indiana, a city that was sacrificed, like a thousand other American places, to industrial priorities in the decades following World War II. Although this period witnessed the emergence of a powerful environmental crusade and a resilient quest for equality and social justice among blue-collar workers and African Americans, such efforts often conflicted with the needs of industry. To secure their own interests, manufacturers and affluent white suburbanites exploited divisions of race and class, and the poor frequently found themselves trapped in deteriorating neighborhoods and exposed to dangerous levels of industrial pollution. In telling the story of Gary, Hurley reveals liberal capitalism's difficulties in reconciling concerns about social justice and quality of life with the imperatives of economic growth. He also shows that the power to mold the urban landscape was intertwined with the ability to govern social relations. |Features the pathbreaking work of Mark Catesby, the British naturalist and illustrator who founded natural history and bird art in America, preceding Audubon by nearly a century.