Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Layout-Based Modeling and Mitigation of Multiple Event Transients

Radiation-induced multiple event transients (METs) are expected to become more frequent than single event transients (SETs) at nanoscale CMOS technology nodes. In this paper, a fast and accurate layout-based soft error rate (SER) assessment technique with consideration of both SET and MET fault models is presented. Despite existing techniques in which the adjacent MET sites are extracted from a logic-level netlist, we conduct a comprehensive layout analysis to obtain MET adjacent cells. Experimental results reveal that the layout-based technique is the only viable solution for identification of the adjacent cells as netlist-based techniques considerably underestimate the overall SER. Furthermore, by identifying the most vulnerable adjacent cells and increasing their physical distance in the layout using local adjustment rules, we are able to considerably reduce the overall SER without imposing any area and performance penalty.
Different Journeys: Supervisor Perspectives on Disciplinary Conceptual Threshold Crossings in Doctoral Learning

This article offers insights into supervisor awareness of conceptual threshold crossings in doctoral learning nuanced by researcher disciplines. First explored in undergraduate learning, threshold concepts highlight variation related to learning in the disciplines, identifying how realising the absolutely key concepts in disciplines causes troublesome and transformative learning (Meyer & Land, 2005). Building on work on undergraduate disciplinary threshold concepts, but focusing on research learning, particularly at doctoral level, conceptual threshold crossings have been identified (Kiley & Wisker, 2009), characterising significant stages in the learning journeys of doctoral candidates. At these stages, candidates evidence transformations in research learning. They cross-conceptual thresholds. There has to date, however, been little exploration of specific discipline-related stages at which doctoral candidates cross such conceptual thresholds. This new work focuses specifically on discipline-related practices and stages of conceptual threshold crossing in doctoral research learning and supervisors’ awareness and support for work arising from this.
Satellite Based Mapping of Ground PM2.5 Concentration Using Generalized Additive Modeling

Satellite-based PM2.5 concentration estimation is growing as a popular solution to map the PM2.5 spatial distribution due to the insufficiency of ground-based monitoring stations. However, those applications usually suffer from the simple hypothesis that the influencing factors are linearly correlated with PM2.5 concentrations, though non-linear mechanisms indeed exist in their interactions. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China as a case, this study developed a generalized additive modeling (GAM) method for satellite-based PM2.5 concentration mapping. In this process, the linear and non-linear relationships between PM2.5 variation and associated contributing factors, such as the aerosol optical depth (AOD), industrial sources, land use type, road network, and meteorological variables, were comprehensively considered. The reliability of the GAM models was validated by comparison with typical linear land use regression (LUR) models. Results show that GAM modeling outperforms LUR modeling at both the annual and seasonal scale, with obvious higher model fitting-based adjusted R2 and lower RMSEs. This is confirmed by the cross-validation-based adjusted R2 with values of GAM-based spring, summer, autumn, winter, and annual models, which are 0.92, 0.78, 0.87, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively, while those of LUR models are 0.87, 0.71, 0.84, 0.84, and 0.85, respectively. Different to the LUR-based hypothesis of the “straight line” relations, the “smoothed curves” from GAM-based apportionment analysis reveals that factors contributing to PM2.5 variation are unstable with the alternate linear and non-linear relations. The GAM model-based PM2.5 concentration surfaces clearly demonstrate their superiority in disclosing the heterogeneous PM2.5 concentrations to the discrete observations. It can be concluded that satellite-based PM2.5 concentration mapping could be greatly improved by GAM modeling given its simultaneous considerations of the linear and non-linear influencing mechanisms of PM2.5.
Evaluation of the quality of information retrieval of clinical findings from a computerized patient database using a semantic terminological model.

OBJECTIVES To measure the strength of agreement between the concepts and records retrieved from a computerized patient database, in response to physician-derived questions, using a semantic terminological model for clinical findings with those concepts and records excerpted clinically by manual identification. The performance of the semantic terminological model is also compared with the more established retrieval methods of free-text search, ICD-10, and hierarchic retrieval. DESIGN A clinical database (Diabeta) of 106,000 patient problem record entries containing 2,625 unique concepts in an clinical academic department was used to compare semantic, free-text, ICD-10, and hierarchic data retrieval against a gold standard in response to a battery of 47 clinical questions. MEASUREMENTS The performance of concept and record retrieval expressed as mean detection rate, positive predictive value, Yates corrected and Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared values, and Cohen kappa value, with significance estimated using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS The semantic terminological model used to retrieve clinically useful concepts from a patient database performed well and better than other methods, with a mean detection rate of 0.86, a positive predictive value of 0.96, a Yates corrected chi-squared value of 1,537, a Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared value of 19,302, and a Cohen kappa of 0.88. Results for record retrieval were even better, with a mean record detection rate of 0.94, a positive predictive value of 0.99, a Yates corrected chi-squared value of 94, 774, a Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared value of 1,550,356, and a Cohen kappa value of 0.94. The mean detection rate, Yates corrected chi-squared value, and Cohen kappa value for semantic retrieval were significantly better than for the other methods. CONCLUSION The use of a semantic terminological model in this test scenario provides an effective framework for representing clinical finding concepts and their relationships. Although currently incomplete, the model supports improved information retrieval from a patient database in response to clinically relevant questions, when compared with alternative methods of analysis.
Hybrid and Alternating Identity Styles as Strategies for Managing Multicultural Identities

The article introduces the concept of cultural identity styles, strategies that individuals use for decision making about identity-relevant issues, and proposes that blending and alternating are two strategies that acculturating individuals activate to manage multiple cultural identities. Drawing on diverse samples from New Zealand, Mauritius, and Israel, we present two studies. The first describes the construction of the Multicultural Identity Styles Scale (MISS) and the validation of its Hybrid Identity Style (HIS) and Alternating Identity Style (AIS) subscales. HIS was associated with greater blendedness as assessed by the Bicultural Identity Integration Scale (BIIS-1) and was more prominent in second-generation immigrants compared with their first-generation peers. AIS was associated with less BIIS harmony and was stronger in first-generation immigrants. In the second study, we propose, test, and replicate a mediational model, whereby cultural identity outcomes mediate the impact of cultural identity styles on well-being. Path analysis demonstrated that the motivation to integrate predicted the use of both HIS and AIS; however, HIS led to greater cultural identity consolidation and on to higher levels of well-being. In contrast, AIS predicted greater cultural identity conflict and poorer psychological adaptation. The studies advance our theorizing on biculturalism and integration by adopting a process-oriented approach to cultural identity negotiation.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Egg Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults ≥ 40 Years Old: The Yangpyeong Cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES_Yangpyeong)

Since the 1970s, the public has been advised to limit egg consumption even though there is little evidence of any harmful effect of eggs on blood cholesterol. The purpose of this cross-sectional and prospective study was to evaluate the potential association between egg consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS components in adults ≥ 40 years in KoGES_Yangpyeong. Yangpyeong is a rural area in South Korea. A total of 2,887 subjects (men 1,115, women 1,772) were recruited from 2005 to 2009, based on a physical examination and questionnaires administered using standardized protocol. After excluding subjects who had MetS at baseline, 1,663 subjects (675 men, 958 women) were followed for 3.20 years (range: 0.34–8.70). During the follow-up period, MetS occurred in 289 subjects. More than 3 eggs per week was significantly associated with decreased risk of MetS in both men (RR = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.26–0.82, P for trend = 0.1093) and women (RR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.31–0.93, P for trend 0.0325) compared to non-users. There was a cross-sectional inverse relationship between egg consumption and abdominal obesity in men and women. Also, prospectively, higher egg consumption in men was associated with a decreased risk of high fasting blood glucose (RR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.67, P for trend = 0.0042) and high triglycerides (RR = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.22–0.80, P for trend = 0.1080). In conclusion, our findings suggest that higher egg consumption may reduce the risk of MetS both in men and women, and the risk of high fasting blood glucose and high triglycerides in men. Current guidelines regarding egg consumption may need to be re-visited for healthy middle-aged and elderly people.
Analysis and Design of Millimeter-Wave FET-Based Image Reject Mixers

In this paper, wave analysis is applied to a field-effect transistor (FET)-based image reject mixer (IRM) in order to enhance the classical IRM theory and investigate the fundamental limitations in terms of conversion loss (L C) and image rejection ratio (IRR). Furthermore, it is also described how different FET technologies can be benchmarked versus each other regarding their suitability for use in resistive mixers. This benchmarking allows the designer to predict the performance, i.e., L C, of resistive mixers based on dc measurements, which facilitate the use of the presented method early in the design process. Three different versions of a 60-GHz IRM is also presented. Two of the IRMs demonstrate a measured state-of-the-art IRR of 30 dB in the 60-GHz band. The IRM employs an integrated ultra-wideband IF hybrid and has been designed, fabricated, and characterized in both pseudomorphic HEMT (pHEMT) and metamorphic HEMT (mHEMT) monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit processes. The different versions were designed to investigate the influence of the selected technology (pHEMT/mHEMT), but also to investigate the effect of the layout on the measured performance of the IRM.
PossessedHand: techniques for controlling human hands using electrical muscles stimuli

If a device can control human hands, the device can be useful for HCI and tangible application's output. To aid the controlling of finger movement, we present PossessedHand, a device with a forearm belt that can inform when and which fingers should be moved. PossessedHand controls the user's fingers by applying electrical stimulus to the muscles around the forearm. Each muscle is stimulated via 28 electrode pads. Muscles at different depths in the forearm can be selected for simulation by varying the stimulation level. PossessedHand can automatically calibrate the system for individuals. The automatic calibration system estimates relations between each electrode pad, stimulation level and muscle movement. Experiments show that PossessedHand can control the motion of 16 joints in the hand. Further, we also discuss an application based on this device to aid in playing a musical instrument.
Robot nannies Future or fiction ?

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Hybrid galaxy evolution modelling: Monte Carlo Markov Chain parameter estimation in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation

We introduce a statistical exploration of the parameter space of the Munich semi-analytic model built upon the Millennium dark matter simulation. This is achieved by applying a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method to constrain the 6 free parameters that define the stellar mass function at redshift zero. The model is tested against three different observational data sets, including the galaxy K-band luminosity function, B −V colours, and the black hole-bulge mass relation, to obtain mean values, confidence limits and likelihood contours for the best fit model. We discuss how the model parameters affect each galaxy property and find that there are strong correlations between them. We analyze to what extent these are simply reflections of the observational constraints, or whether they can lead to improved understanding of the physics of galaxy formation. When all the observations are combined, the need to suppress dwarf galaxies requires the strength of the supernova feedback to be significantly higher in our best-fit solution than in previous work. We interpret this fact as an indication of the need to improve the treatment of low mass objects. As a possible solution, we introduce the process of satellite disruption, caused by tidal forces exerted by central galaxies on their merging companions. We apply similar MCMC sampling techniques to the new model, which allows us to discuss the impact of disruption on the basic physics of the model. The new best fit model has a likelihood four times better than before, reproducing reasonably all the observational constraints, as well as the metallicity of galaxies and predicting intra-cluster light. We interpret this as an indication of the need to include the new recipe. We point out the remaining limitations of the semi-analytic model and discuss possible improvements that might increase its predictive power in the future.
Globalization, Corporate Social Responsibility and poverty

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a major focus of interest for development practitioners in recent years. While development NGOs have been critical of voluntary corporate initiatives, official development agencies have taken a more positive view and in some cases encouraged CSR. This article locates the growth of CSR in the context of global deregulation since the early 1980s, highlighting the key drivers that have led to its adoption by many leading transnational corporations. It then describes the factors that have led to the recent emphasis given to CSR by both bilateral and multilateral development agencies and the United Nations. A framework for analysing the links between foreign direct investment and poverty is developed focusing on the impacts on the poor as producers, consumers and beneficiaries of government expenditures. This framework is used to illustrate the limitations of CSR in terms of likely impacts on poverty reduction through each of the channels identified and also to point to areas in which CSR may have some positive benefits. Overall, the article concludes that it is unlikely to play the significant role in poverty reduction in development countries that its proponents claim for it.
Notice of the Crustacea collected by Prof. C.F. Hartt on the coast of Brazil in 1867

Ix the first volume of these Transactions, Prof. Verrill has noticed the Radiata of the collection made by Prof Hartt upon the coast of Brazil during the summer of 1867, and the Crustacea of the same collection, having been submitted to me for examination, was found to contain so many species new to the Brazilian fauna that the publication of the following list seemed desirable. The collection, although quite small in number of specimens and representing only the higher groups of the class, is interesting from the large proportion which it contains of species heretofore known only from the West Indies or Flordia. This is, perhaps, due chiefly to the fact that most of the collections brought from Brazil have been made at Rio de Janeiro where there are no coral reefs, while Prof
Bacillus subtilis polynucleotide phosphorylase 3′-to-5′ DNase activity is involved in DNA repair

In the presence of Mn2+, an activity in a preparation of purified Bacillus subtilis RecN degrades single-stranded (ss) DNA with a 3′ → 5′ polarity. This activity is not associated with RecN itself, because RecN purified from cells lacking polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) does not show the exonuclease activity. We show here that, in the presence of Mn2+ and low-level inorganic phosphate (Pi), PNPase degrades ssDNA. The limited end-processing of DNA is regulated by ATP and is inactive in the presence of Mg2+ or high-level Pi. In contrast, the RNase activity of PNPase requires Mg2+ and Pi, suggesting that PNPase degradation of RNA and ssDNA occur by mutually exclusive mechanisms. A null pnpA mutation (ΔpnpA) is not epistatic with ΔrecA, but is epistatic with ΔrecN and Δku, which by themselves are non-epistatic. The addA5, ΔrecO, ΔrecQ (ΔrecJ), ΔrecU and ΔrecG mutations (representative of different epistatic groups), in the context of ΔpnpA, demonstrate gain- or loss-of-function by inactivation of repair-by-recombination, depending on acute or chronic exposure to the damaging agent and the nature of the DNA lesion. Our data suggest that PNPase is involved in various nucleic acid metabolic pathways, and its limited ssDNA exonuclease activity plays an important role in RecA-dependent and RecA-independent repair pathways.
Shared Sampling for Real‐Time Alpha Matting

Image matting aims at extracting foreground elements from an image by means of color and opacity (alpha) estimation. While a lot of progress has been made in recent years on improving the accuracy of matting techniques, one common problem persisted: the low speed of matte computation. We present the first real‐time matting technique for natural images and videos. Our technique is based on the observation that, for small neighborhoods, pixels tend to share similar attributes. Therefore, independently treating each pixel in the unknown regions of a trimap results in a lot of redundant work. We show how this computation can be significantly and safely reduced by means of a careful selection of pairs of background and foreground samples. Our technique achieves speedups of up to two orders of magnitude compared to previous ones, while producing high‐quality alpha mattes. The quality of our results has been verified through an independent benchmark. The speed of our technique enables, for the first time, real‐time alpha matting of videos, and has the potential to enable a new class of exciting applications.
Reliable visual stimuli on LCD screens for SSVEP based BCI

A Brain-Computer interface (BCI) enables a direct communication between human and computers by analyzing brain activity. When a visual stimulus with a constant frequency is presented to the user, it is possible to observe a continuous brain response at the visual cortical area. This response is called the Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) and it can be used for BCI. This paper deals with the methods for creating reliable visual stimuli on LCD screens to evoke SSVEP responses and how to compare them. Three techniques are proposed and compared for the production of stimuli: LEDs, a LCD screen using timers, and a LCD screen using the vertical refresh rate for synchronizing the visual stimuli. The comparison is based on the offline classification of five SSVEP responses. The different visual stimuli were tested with ten subjects. The visual stimuli on the LCD screen based on its vertical refresh rate offer the best recognition rate for the classification of SSVEP responses. The mean accuracy was improved of about 5% thanks to this strategy.
3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals 4. Mechanistic and Other Relevant Data 4.1 Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion

Smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals in aerosol, gas, and vapour forms. The focus of this section of the monograph will be primarily on components of smoke from municipal and wildland fires. There is a paucity of information on the extent of exposure to firefighters from trash fires, vehicle fires, and non-wildfire vegetation fires, during which firefighters typically do not wear respiratory protection. Although not typical of exposures most firefighters encounter, there are published reports on the effects of firefighter exposure to specific incidents, including the World Trade Center fire and collapse, and specific industrial fires or clean-up operations. It should be kept in mind that the magnitude of these exposures are not representative of most fires. Information on many of the specific chemicals found in smoke is available in previous IARC monographs. The data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion for select carcinogens contained in fire smoke are listed in Table 4.1. Only inhalation and dermal exposures were considered – the predominant occupational exposure routes in firefighters. One of the difficulties in evaluating the toxicokinetics and metabolism of combustion products in firefighters is the adsorption of chemical components onto particles (Fine et al., 2001). This will alter the absorption kinetics of these combustion products and may also cause a proportionally greater effect in the lungs compared to other tissues. Depending on their volatility, these chemicals may also exist at significant concentrations in the gas phase of smoke exposure as well. No chronic toxicity studies could be found on non-human exposure to combustion products from structural materials. Due to limited data, the toxicokinetics of chemical mixtures are not considered in this monograph, although they are likely to be of significant importance given the multiplicity of chemicals in smoke. 4.1. 1 Particles Particle deposition depends on the size and shape of the particle. Smoke from combustion of products such as wood tends to produce small particles that can easily reach the alveolar region of the lung, with a mode size distribution of 0.1–0.2 μm diameter (Kleeman et al., 1999). Particles not cleared by phagocytosis and transferred to the mucociliary escalator may be translocated to the interstitial tissue and to lung-associated