Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guideline for the diagnosis and management of the rare coagulation disorders

PB 2.54-1. Bauduer, F. , Guichandut, J.P. & Ducout, L. (2004) Successful use of fresh frozen plasma and desmopressin for transurethral prostatectomy in a French Basque with combined factors V + VIII deficiency. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemosta-
Pre-clinical investigations of multi-path propagation in transcranial Doppler ultrasound flow phantom

There are various practical situations in medical applications when pre-clinical investigations must be performed using a simulation environment or test bench prior to human studies. One example is the analysis of propagation channels in Transcanial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound (US), a signal processing challenge requiring the analysis of data from US waves scattered in three dimensions (3D). When examining the effects of scatterers in such channels, it is common to use a data acquisition test bench and a Doppler flow phantom. Such medical phantoms are frequently required to verify image and signal processing systems, and are often used to support algorithm development for a wide range of imaging and blood flow assessments. In this paper we describe a TCD simulation environment for the acquisition, investigation and pre-clinical data analysis of multi-path propagation in TCD US systems. This is demonstrated by comparing the anticipated theoretical and simulation channel statistics with the measured acoustic characteristics in terms of the probability distribution and autocorrelation functions.
Therapeutic Alliance, Illness Awareness, and Number of Hospitalizations for Schizophrenia

While persons with multiple hospitalizations for schizophrenia have been found to differ from those with fewer, it remains unclear whether differences exist in illness awareness (personal understanding of psychopathology) or therapeutic alliance with inpatient staff (treatment involvement). This cross-sectional descriptive study therefore examined whether inpatients with more extensive hospitalization history 1) have less illness awareness and therapeutic alliance (perhaps contributing to the recidivism), 2) have more awareness and alliance (possibly because they have learned from experience), or 3) do not differ relative to persons with fewer inpatient stays. Results from staff and patient interviews (N = 307) suggest that illness awareness is greater in persons with more hospitalizations, while therapeutic alliance appears to weaken. Individuals with greater recidivism may therefore need less help than others in building a self-knowledge of psychopathology that may already have developed. Instead, enhanced engagement in care may be more important after multiple disappointing relapses.
Perceptual Rivalry: Reflexes Reveal the Gradual Nature of Visual Awareness

Rivalry is a common tool to probe visual awareness: a constant physical stimulus evokes multiple, distinct perceptual interpretations (“percepts”) that alternate over time. Percepts are typically described as mutually exclusive, suggesting that a discrete (all-or-none) process underlies changes in visual awareness. Here we follow two strategies to address whether rivalry is an all-or-none process: first, we introduce two reflexes as objective measures of rivalry, pupil dilation and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN); second, we use a continuous input device (analog joystick) to allow observers a gradual subjective report. We find that the “reflexes” reflect the percept rather than the physical stimulus. Both reflexes show a gradual dependence on the time relative to perceptual transitions. Similarly, observers' joystick deflections, which are highly correlated with the reflex measures, indicate gradual transitions. Physically simulating wave-like transitions between percepts suggest piece-meal rivalry (i.e., different regions of space belonging to distinct percepts) as one possible explanation for the gradual transitions. Furthermore, the reflexes show that dominance durations depend on whether or not the percept is actively reported. In addition, reflexes respond to transitions with shorter latencies than the subjective report and show an abundance of short dominance durations. This failure to report fast changes in dominance may result from limited access of introspection to rivalry dynamics. In sum, reflexes reveal that rivalry is a gradual process, rivalry's dynamics is modulated by the required action (response mode), and that rapid transitions in perceptual dominance can slip away from awareness.
Wavelet Based Load Models from AMI Data

A major challenge of using AMI data in power system analysis is the large size of the data sets. For rapid analysis that addresses historical behavior of systems consisting of a few hundred feeders, all of the AMI load data can be loaded into memory and used in a power flow analysis. However, if a system contains thousands of feeders then the handling of the AMI data in the analysis becomes more challenging. The work here seeks to demonstrate that the information contained in large AMI data sets can be compressed into accurate load models using wavelets. Two types of wavelet based load models are considered, the multi-resolution wavelet load model for each individual customer and the classified wavelet load model for customers that share similar load patterns. The multi-resolution wavelet load model compresses the data, and the classified wavelet load model further compresses the data. The method of grouping customers into classes using the wavelet based classification technique is illustrated.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Penicillin/Aminopenicillin Resistance in Enterococci Due to Penicillin Use in Food Animals

Penicillin and ampicillin drugs are approved for use in food animals in the United States to treat, control, and prevent diseases, and penicillin is approved for use to improve growth rates in pigs and poultry. This article considers the possibility that such uses might increase the incidence of ampicillin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (AREF) of animal origin in human infections, leading to increased hospitalization and mortality due to reduced response to ampicillin or penicillin. We assess the risks from continued use of penicillin‐based drugs in food animals in the United States, using several assumptions to overcome current scientific uncertainties and data gaps. Multiplying the total at‐risk population of intensive care unit (ICU) patients by a series of estimated factors suggests that not more than 0.04 excess mortalities per year (under conservative assumptions) to 0.14 excess mortalities per year (under very conservative assumptions) might be prevented in the whole U.S. population if current use of penicillin drugs in food animals were discontinued and if this successfully reduced the prevalence of AREF infections among ICU patients. These calculations suggest that current penicillin usage in food animals in the United States presents very low (possibly zero) human health risks.
Preliminary in vitro growth cycle and transmission studies of HIV-1 in an autologous primary cell assay of blood-derived macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Recent interest focused on the dynamics of HIV-1 replication in primary monocytes/macrophages and T-lymphocytes of the immune system, as well as the standardization of virological and immunological in vitro assays with primary isolates, provided the impetus for these studies. These types of studies have never been performed as they would occur in vivo, i.e., where the envelope of the virus and cell membranes of the two cell types of the same host origin. Therefore, the biological and physicochemical properties of an uncloned, primary dual-tropic isolate HIV-1ADA during the initial lag, log, and stationary phases of viral replication were studied in an autologous donor cell assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Similar total numbers (10(9) virus particles/ml) were produced by both cell types during the stationary period. On a per cell per day basis, during peak stationary periods, 0.92 x 10(3) virions/day for MDMs and 5.31 x 10(3) virions/day for PBMCs were produced. Interestingly, virus replicating from MDMs during the log-growth phase demonstrated the greatest infectious fraction which was 3 logs greater than virus replicating in PBMCs. Despite constant virus particle production in MDMs, the infectious fraction was found to fall 3 to 4 logs over a 10-day period. Due to an infectious fraction less than 1 (0.053 infectious unit/cell/24 hr), virus spread in PBMCs during the rapid log phase could only have occurred by cell-to-cell contact, whereas in MDMs with an infectious fraction of about one infectious particle (approximately 1/cell/24 hr), cell-free transmission could account for the observed results. Most of the MDMs (> 90%) became productively infected, whereas only 5-10% of the total PBMCs were found replicating virus. The period of peak stationary virus production (i.e., stationary phase) was at minimum 4 to 5 times longer in MDMs than PBMCs. Whereas the majority of p24, RT, and gp 120 found to be associated with MDM-derived virions, no increased dissociation of these components was observed in PBMC-derived virions. The virion-associated gp 120 was 3 to 4 times more stable on both PBMC- and MDM-derived virus (> 96 hr) and present at 10-25 times the concentration per virion than that observed for a T-cell-line-adapted laboratory strain of HIV-1 replicating in T-cell lines. These in vitro results suggest that important differences exist between MDMs and PBMCs with regard to the viral dynamics of infection and replication which should provide for a qualitative and quantitative basis to estimate virus replication on a per-cell basis for other known cellular targets of HIV-1. Studying the multiple biophysicochemical characteristics and viral replication dynamics as described herein provides an autologous in vitro model of additional quantifiable parameters for analysis and understanding of virus/host factor(s) and/or antivirals which influence them.
RADIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF NON-PALPABLE BREAST LESIONS IN PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO PREOPERATIVE MARKING ACCORDING TO BI-RADS CLASSIFICATION *

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the positive predictive value for BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) categories 3, 4 and 5, correlating mammographic and histological diagnosis in non-palpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical-descriptive study of 169 women submitted to stereotactic localization for surgical biopsy of non-palpable breast lesions. Mammographic and histological findings were correlated, analyzing the predictive positive value for each category. RESULTS: Forty-two (24.8%) cases were diagnosed with breast cancer — only one in category 3, 19 in category 4, and 22 in category 5. The positive predictive value for categories 3, 4A, 4B, 4C and 5 were, respectively, 3.4%, 10.3%, 11.3%, 36% and 91.7%. Microcalcifications were the most frequent finding related to malignancy, present in 61.5% of these cases. CONCLUSION: The present study has demonstrated that BI-RADS allows a safe prediction of high suspicion of malignancy in lesions category 5 and low suspicion for category 3. As regards the category 4, the positive predictive value has shown a progressive increase in subcategories A, B and C, demonstrating that this subclassification represents an invaluable contribution for a more detailed and accurate assessment of lesions suspicious for malignancy.
A further result on global stabilization of oscillators with bounded delayed input

This paper revisits the problem of globally stabilizing an oscillator with bounded delayed input. It establishes that an oscillator with input saturation can be globally asymptotically stabilized by a linear feedback even in the presence of an arbitrarily large delay in the input. This result strengthens a recent result in the literature, which shows that such an oscillator can be globally asymptotically stabilized with a sufficiently small control input and the magnitude of the control input goes to zero as the delay increases to infinity. The controller constructed in this paper thus improves the efficiency of the closed-loop system by fully utilizing the actuator capacity.
Regulation of corneal repair by particle-mediated gene transfer of opioid growth factor receptor complementary DNA.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether molecular manipulation of the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) alters corneal reepithelialization following central corneal abrasion in rats. METHODS The plasmid pcDNA3.1 + OGFr, carrying the rat OGFr complementary DNA in both the sense and antisense orientations, and empty vector (EV), were delivered by gene gun to the rat cornea. After 24 hours, corneas were abraded and reepithelialization was documented by fluorescein photography. Twenty-four hours after wounding, DNA synthesis (with bromodeoxyuridine) was examined. RESULTS Eyes transfected with sense constructs of OGFr had corneal defects that were 24%, 52%, and 50% larger than the EV group at 16, 24, and 28 hours, respectively. Conversely, corneas transfected with antisense constructs of OGFr had corneal defects that were 56% and 48% smaller than the EV group at 16 and 24 hours, respectively. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling in the basal and suprabasal layers of the antisense group were increased 3.3- and 3.7-fold, respectively, in DNA synthesis from corresponding EV layers; DNA synthesis was comparable in the sense and EV groups. CONCLUSIONS Excess OGFr delays reepithelialization, whereas attenuation of OGFr accelerates repair of the corneal surface. Clinical Relevance Inhibition of opioid growth factor action using gene therapy could be important in the treatment of corneal diseases such as nonhealing and recurrent erosions, diabetic keratopathy, and neurotrophic keratitis.
From Tides to Mixing Along the Hawaiian Ridge

The cascade from tides to turbulence has been hypothesized to serve as a major energy pathway for ocean mixing. We investigated this cascade along the Hawaiian Ridge using observations and numerical models. A divergence of internal tidal energy flux observed at the ridge agrees with the predictions of internal tide models. Large internal tidal waves with peak-to-peak amplitudes of up to 300 meters occur on the ridge. Internal-wave energy is enhanced, and turbulent dissipation in the region near the ridge is 10 times larger than open-ocean values. Given these major elements in the tides-to-turbulence cascade, an energy budget approaches closure.
Investigation of phosphorus impact on lead-free BGA solder joint and failure mechanism

Small amounts of phosphorus (P) are often added to lead-free solder balls in ball grid array (BGA) packages to act as an antioxidant during the packaging reflow process. This paper shows that the addition of phosphorus to lead-free solder results in early solder joint failure. Also, we developed the failure mechanism for this phenomenon, which has not previously been understood. Our study shows that the accumulation of phosphorus in the intermetallic compound (IMC) area during the reflow process results in the formation of a thin porous layer at the interface of the IMC layer and the Ni layer of the BGA ball pad. This thin porous layer adversely affects the bond strength of each solder joint. The failure mechanism was developed in terms of factors such as diffusion, deformation-induced stress, crystal structure, thermal stress, and testing environments. Such factors provide an insight into package reliability with regard to the components used in the package and in-service operating conditions (temperature, time, mechanical structure).
Face recognition across large pose variations via Boosted Tied Factor Analysis

In this paper, we propose an ensemble-based approach to boost performance of Tied Factor Analysis(TFA) to overcome some of the challenges in face recognition across large pose variations. We use Adaboost. m1 to boost TFA which has shown to possess state-of-the-art face recognition performance under large pose variations. To this end, we have employed boosting as a discriminative training in the TFA as a generative model. In this model, TFA is used as a base classifier for the boosting algorithm and a weighted likelihood model for TFA is proposed to adjust the importance of each training data. Moreover, a modified weighting and a diversity criterion are used to generate more diverse classifiers in the boosting process. Experimental results on the FERET data set demonstrated the improved performance of the Boosted Tied Factor Analysis(BTFA) in comparison with TFA for lower dimensions when a holistic approach is being used.
Hypertensive renal disease: susceptibility and resistance in inbred hypertensive rat lines

Background: Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) lines differ in their susceptibility to hypertensive end-organ disease and may provide an informative model of genetic risk of disease. Lines derived from the original SHR-B and SHR-C clades are highly resistant to hypertensive end-organ disease, whereas lines derived from the SHR-A clade were selected for stroke susceptibility and experience hypertensive renal disease. Method: Here we characterize the temporal development of progressive renal injury in SHR-A3 animals consuming 0.3% sodium in the diet and drinking water. SHR-A3 rats demonstrate albuminuria, glomerular damage, tubulointerstitial injury, and renal fibrosis that emerge at 18 weeks of age and progress. Results and conclusion: Mortality of SHR-A3 animals was 50% at 40 weeks of age, and animals surviving to this age had reduced renal function. In contrast SHR-B2, which are 87% genetically identical to SHR-A3, are substantially protected from renal injury and demonstrate only moderate changes in albuminuria and renal histological injury over this time period. At 40 weeks of age, electron microscopy of the renal glomerulus revealed severe podocyte effacement in SHR-A3, but slit diaphragm architecture in SHR-B2 at this age was well preserved. Renal injury traits in the F1 and F2 progeny of an intercross between SHR-A3 and SHR-B2 were measured to determine heritability of renal injury in this model. Heritability of albuminuria, glomerular injury, and tubulointerstitial injury were estimated at 48.9, 66.5 and 58.6%, respectively. We assessed the relationship between blood pressure and renal injury measures in the F2 animals and found some correlation between these variables that explain up to 26% of the trait variation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed using over 200 single nucleotide polymorphism markers distributed across the 13% of the genome that differs between these two closely related lines. Mapping of albuminuria, tubulointerstitial injury, and renal fibrosis failed to identify loci linked with disease susceptibility, suggesting a complex inheritance of disease risk. We detected a single QTL conferring susceptibility to glomerular injury that was confined to a small haplotype block at chromosome 14:70–76Mb.
Body growth in Hawaiian monk seals

Body length and axillary girth measurements of more than 600 free-ranging Hawaiian monk seals from 1 to 20 yr old were analyzed. Comparison of fitted von Bertalanffy growth models confirmed there is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in this species. Substantial differences in growth patterns were detected among seven subpopulations representing the species entire geographic range. The age at which seals would be expected to attain a reference length of 180 cm ranged from just over 3 yr up to almost 7 yr at the various sites. Subpopulations exhibiting slower growth have previously been found to also exhibit lower age-specific reproductive rates. Differences in growth of seals among sites likely indicate varying environmental conditions determining growth during the time periods represented in the sampled data.
Electrochemical Model-Based State of Charge and Capacity Estimation for a Composite Electrode Lithium-Ion Battery

Increased demand for hybrid and electric vehicles has motivated research to improve onboard state of charge (SOC) and state of health estimation (SOH). In particular, batteries with composite electrodes have become popular for automotive applications due to their ability to balance energy density, power density, and cost by adjusting the amount of each material within the electrode. SOH algorithms that do not use electrochemical-based models may have more difficulty maintaining an accurate battery model as the cell ages under varying degradation modes, such as lithium consumption at the solid-electrolyte interface or active material dissolution. Furthermore, efforts to validate electrochemical model-based state estimation algorithms with experimental aging data are limited, particularly for composite electrode cells. In this paper, we first present a reduced-order electrochemical model for a composite LiMn2O4-LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 electrode battery that predicts the surface and bulk lithium concentration of each material in the composite electrode, as well as the current split between each material. The model is then used in dual-nonlinear observers to estimate the cell SOC and loss of cyclable lithium over time. Three different observer types are compared: 1) the extended Kalman filter; 2) fixed interval Kalman smoother; and 3) particle filter. Finally, an experimental aging campaign is used to compare the estimated capacities for five different cells with the measured capacities over time.
Reduction of indoxyl sulfate by AST‐120 attenuates monocyte inflammation related to chronic kidney disease

Accelerated cardiovascular disease is a frequent complication of CKD. Monocyte‐mediated inflammation and adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelium are key events in atherogenesis. An oral adsorbent, AST‐120, retards renal function deterioration by lowering IS, which is known to accumulate in CKD patients. However, the effect of AST‐120 on CKD‐related monocyte activation is unknown. We aimed to determine whether AST‐120 improves monocyte‐mediated inflammation through IS reduction. Flow cytometric analysis showed that Mac‐1 expression and ROS production were significantly higher in peripheral blood monocytes of subtotal Nx CKD mice than in sham‐operated mice. AST‐120 treatment significantly decreased Mac‐1 expression and ROS production in CKD model mice. Furthermore, administration of IS induced monocyte‐mediated inflammation and ROS generation. In vitro studies indicated that IS dose‐dependently increased THP‐1 monocytic cell adhesion to IL‐1β‐activated HUVECs under physiological flow conditions. IS also induced monocyte‐mediated inflammation and ROS production in THP‐1 cells. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and membrane translocation of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47phox in THP‐1 cells were induced by IS. Both SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) and apocynin [NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor] reduced THP‐1 cell adhesion to HUVECs. Apocynin also inhibited IS‐induced ROS production in THP‐1 cells. IS induced monocyte‐driven inflammation through NAD(P)H oxidase‐ and p38 MAPK‐dependent pathways in monocytes. The main finding of this study was that AST‐120 inhibited monocyte activation by reducing IS in vivo. This provides new insights on how AST‐120 attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in CKD.