Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural, person-centred, and psychodynamic therapies in UK primary-care routine practice: replication in a larger sample

Background Psychotherapy's equivalence paradox is that treatments tend to have equivalently positive outcomes despite non-equivalent theories and techniques. We replicated an earlier comparison of treatment approaches in a sample four times larger and restricted to primary-care mental health. Method Patients (n=5613) who received cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT), person-centred therapy (PCT) or psychodynamic therapy (PDT) at one of 32 NHS primary-care services during a 3-year period (2002–2005) completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at the beginning and end of treatment. Therapists indicated which approaches were used on an End of Therapy form. We compared outcomes of groups treated with CBT (n=1045), PCT (n=1709), or PDT (n=261) only or with one of these plus one additional approach (e.g. integrative, supportive, art), designated CBT+1 (n=1035), PCT+1 (n=1033), or PDT+1 (n=530), respectively. Results All six groups began treatment with equivalent CORE-OM scores, and all averaged marked improvement (overall pre/post effect size=1.39). Neither treatment approach nor degree of purity (‘only’ v. ‘+1’) had a statistically significant effect. Distributions of change scores were all similar. Conclusions Replicating the earlier results, the theoretically different approaches tended to have equivalent outcomes. Caution is warranted because of limited treatment specification, non-random assignment, incomplete data, and other issues. Insofar as these routine treatments appear effective for patients who complete them, those who fail to complete (or to begin) treatment deserve attention by researchers and policymakers.
Task Design, Outcome Interdependence, and Individual Differences: Their Joint Effects on Effort in Task-Performing Teams (Commentary on Huguet et al., 1999)

Analyses of effort problems in groups, like that of P. Huguet, E. Charbonnier, and J.-M. Monteil (1999), have implications for how tasks are designed for work teams, how outcomes are distributed, and the complex interrelations between personality characteristics of team members and their response to the work situation. Whereas group members working on uninvolving tasks tend to loaf, when task interdependence is high and the goals are meaningful individuals in groups often expend more rather than less effort. Moreover, whereas the group's outcomes are sometimes determined by the qualities of the individuals in the groups, in other cases the experience of working collectively changes individuals (e.g., individuals who prefer to work alone change to prefer working in groups after experiencing the benefits of working collectively). In consequence, findings about individual differences are often the hardest to apply when making decisions about work group design and composition.
The Culture-Free Context of Organization Structure: A Tri-National Comparison

In data in standard form on seventy manufacturing organizations in three countries, consistent relationships are found between variables of organization context or `task environment' (size, dependence, technology) and measures of structure (Formalization, Specialization, Autonomy). These support the hypothesis that relationships will be stable across societies. Even though culturally shaped variations may occur in some features of organizations, contextual constraints or pressures will persist. Simply stated, if Indian organizations were found to be less formalized than American ones, bigger Indian units would still be more formalized than smaller Indian units.
Audience Valuation and Minority Media: An Analysis of the Determinants of the Value of Radio Audiences

This study examines the factors that affect the value of radio station audiences, with an emphasis on whether, and to what extent, minority composition affects the value of radio audiences. The results indicate that the prominence of minorities (both African-American and Hispanic) is negatively related to the value of radio station audiences. These results suggest that policymakers seeking to promote source and content diversity may need to look beyond seeking means of promoting the establishment of new minority media outlets and also consider means of preserving the viability of existing media outlets.
Evidence and Consequence of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Recombination

ABSTRACT The genetic nature and biological effects of recombination between porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) were studied. An infectious molecular clone was generated from a high-titer, human-tropic PERV isolate, PERV-A 14/220 (B. A. Oldmixon, et al. J. Virol. 76:3045-3048, 2002; T. A. Ericsson et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:6759-6764, 2003). To analyze this sequence and 15 available full-length PERV nucleotide sequences, we developed a sequence comparison program, LOHATM to calculate local sequence homology between two sequences. This analysis determined that PERV-A 14/220 arose by homologous recombination of a PERV-C genome replacing an 850-bp region around the pol-env junction with that of a PERV-A sequence. This 850-bp PERV-A sequence encompasses the env receptor binding domain, thereby conferring a wide host range including human cells. In addition, we determined that multiple regions derived from PERV-C are responsible for the increased infectious titer of PERV-A 14/220. Thus, a single recombination event may be a fast and effective way to generate high-titer, potentially harmful PERV. Further, local homology and phylogenetic analyses between 16 full-length sequences revealed evidence for other recombination events in the past that give rise to other PERV genomes that possess the PERV-A, but not the PERV-B, env gene. These results indicate that PERV-A env is more prone to recombination with heterogeneous backbone genomes than PERV-B env. Such recombination events that generate more active PERV-A appear to occur in pigs rather frequently, which increases the potential risk of zoonotic PERV transmission. In this context, pigs lacking non-human-tropic PERV-C would be more suitable as donor animals for clinical xenotransplantation.
Identification of antisense RNA stem–loops that inhibit RNA–protein interactions using a bacterial reporter system

Many well-characterized examples of antisense RNAs from prokaryotic systems involve hybridization of the looped regions of stem–loop RNAs, presumably due to the high thermodynamic stability of the resulting loop–loop and loop–linear interactions. In this study, the identification of RNA stem–loops that inhibit U1A protein binding to the hpII RNA through RNA–RNA interactions was attempted using a bacterial reporter system based on phage λ N-mediated antitermination. As a result, loop sequences possessing 7–8 base complementarity to the 5′ region of the boxA element important for functional antitermination complex formation, but not the U1 hpII loop, were identified. In vitro and in vivo mutational analysis strongly suggested that the selected loop sequences were binding to the boxA region, and that the structure of the antisense stem–loop was important for optimal inhibitory activity. Next, in an attempt to demonstrate the ability to inhibit the interaction between the U1A protein and the hpII RNA, the rational design of an RNA stem–loop that inhibits U1A-binding to a modified hpII was carried out. Moderate inhibitory activity was observed, showing that it is possible to design and select antisense RNA stem–loops that disrupt various types of RNA–protein interactions.
Probing the Orientation of Reconstituted Maltoporin Channels at the Single-protein Level*

Recently we have shown that maltoporin channels reconstituted into black lipid membranes have pronounced asymmetric properties in both ion conduction and sugar binding. This asymmetry revealed also that maltoporin insertion is directional. However, the orientation in the lipid bilayer remained an open question. To elucidate the orientation, we performed point mutations at each side of the channel and analyzed the ion current fluctuation caused by an asymmetric maltohexaose addition. In a second series we used a chemically modified maltohexaose sugar molecule with inhibited entry possibility from the periplasmic side. In contrast to the natural outer cell wall of bacteria, we found that the maltoporin inserts in artificial lipid bilayer in such a way that the long extracellular loops are exposed to the same side of the membrane than protein addition. Based on this orientation, the directional properties of sugar binding were correlated to physiological conditions. We found that nature has optimized maltoporin channels by lowering the activation barriers at each extremity of the pore to trap sugar molecules from the external medium and eject them most efficiently to the periplasmic side.
Cortical and fibre tract interrelations in conduction aphasia

Background: The syndrome of conduction aphasia is an umbrella term to label clinically heterogeneous language disorders that all include a deficit of repetition due to impaired immediate memory or, in some patients, impaired speech production. The present article reviews the currently available literature on conduction aphasia. It covers aspects of the history of conduction aphasia as a fascicular disconnection syndrome and the objections to this view and discusses the proposed subtypes of this syndrome and the underlying cortical and white matter lesions. Aims: The primary objectives of this article are to critically review the influence of historical concepts on recent approaches to optimise existing theoretical synergies. In addition, the article seeks to advance our understanding of the first steps of verbal auditory processing in individuals with normal and impaired language skills. Main Contribution: We present first indications for an involvement of the left hemisphere in both short- and long-term integration of auditory information derived by examining patients with (conduction) aphasia. Conclusions: Conduction aphasia may result from left hemisphere cortical lesions or from a disconnection of critical bundles of axons (fibre tract). The exact course of the fibre tract connections and the cortical regions involved in conduction aphasia remains controversial.
The Evidence Base for Mental Health Consultation in Early Childhood Settings: A Research Synthesis Addressing Children's Behavioral Outcomes

Research Findings: Early childhood mental health consultation aims to reduce problem behaviors and improve social skills in young children primarily through changes in the classroom environment and teacher practices. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and identified 14 rigorous studies that reported on child-level outcomes. These studies had at least one of the following characteristics: publication in a peer-reviewed journal, use of a randomized control trial design, or inclusion of a comparison group. Across these studies, there was variation in the approaches to consultation, qualifications of the consultants, and intensity of the services provided. Overall, early childhood mental health consultation services were consistently associated with reductions in teacher-reported externalizing behaviors. Findings related to reductions in internalizing behaviors were mixed. Teacher ratings of prosocial behaviors were improved in the majority of the studies that reported on this domain. Practice or Policy: This research synthesis underscores the importance of documenting the specific approaches to early childhood mental health consultation that are being implemented to allow for replication of effective models. Areas for future research improvement include increasing rigor through studies that contain independent assessments of children's behaviors, isolating key components of effective consultation, and identifying consultant qualifications and characteristics that lead to child behavior changes.
Engagement and the Therapeutic Relationship in Systemic Therapy

This paper is about the therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy and, more specifically, about engagement as a process. Beginning with some practice examples, a critique is made of the way in which both the therapeutic relationship and engagement have been under-theorized in systemic therapy. Two different sets of ideas are used to develop some thinking about the process of engagement: the notion of the ‘good-enough’ engagement as the environment or frame of therapy is developed, and the systemic concept of sequences is held alongside the psychoanalytic ideas of transference, countertransference and projective identification. This theory discussion is used to reflect on the original practice examples.
Temporal trends and misclassification in residential 60 Hz magnetic field measurements

This research addressed the question of how well measurement data collected during a single visit, made at an arbitrary hour of day, day of week, and season, estimate longer term residential 60 Hz magnetic field levels. We made repeat spot and 24 h measurements in 51 children's home, located in the Detroit, MI, and the Minneapolis‐St. Paul, MN metropolitan areas, on a regular bimonthly schedule over a 1 year period, as well as a single 2 week measurement, for total of eight visits, producing 21 days of data for each residence. We defined the long term estimate (LTE) as the geometric mean of all available 24 h geometric means from the first six bimonthly visits. The LTE served as the reference level for assessing seasonal, day of week, and diurnal effects, as well as the potential for misclassification. We found a small, but statistically significant (P < .05), seasonal effect, with levels approximately 3% lower than the LTE in the spring and about 4% greater during the summer. No effect was found for day of week. However, we did find a systematic and appreciable diurnal effect, suggesting that, for example, an evening spot measurement may overestimate the LTE by 20% or more. We also assessed how well the 24 h measurement from the last visit, which was not used in calculation of the LTE, estimated the LTE. We found a high degree of correlation (r = .92) and fair to good agreement using four exposure categories (κ = .53). Thus, the 24 h measurement appears to be a satisfactory LTE estimator. However, this finding must be interpreted with caution since considerable unexplained variability was present among the repeat 24 h measurements in about one‐third of the homes. While the 2 week measurement does somewhat decrease exposure misclassification, its added intrusiveness and cost are likely to outweigh the improved precision. Bioelectromagnetics 23:196–205, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical impairment and disability: relationship to performance of activities of daily living in community-dwelling older men.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The decline of physical function of older adults, associated with loss of independent living status, is a major public health concern. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of physical impairment and disability to performance of activities of daily living (ADL) among community-dwelling older adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty-three community-dwelling older men who were referred to a comprehensive outpatient geriatric evaluation program (mean age=75.5 years, SD=7.0, range=64-97) were examined. Measurements of physical impairment (muscle force production, flexibility, and fitness) and physical disability (gait speed, stride length, risk for recurrent falls, and physical function) were recorded. RESULTS A stepwise linear regression was used to determine the relationship of physical impairments and disability measures with ADL. The results indicated that walking speed, fall risk, and muscle force contributed independently to the characterization of the activities of daily living of the community-dwelling older men studied (adjusted R2=.68; F=56.81; df=3,80; P<.001). Using a principal components factor analysis, 4 domains were identified that explained 68.2% of the variance in performance of ADL: (1) mobility/fall risk=26.5%, (2) coordination=15%, (3) fitness=14.7%, and (4) flexibility=12.0%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The identification of domains of physical function may be useful to physical therapists in the development of interventions targeted for physical impairments and disabilities that contribute to deficits in performance of ADL. Targeting interventions for physical impairments and disabilities related to function may improve the effectiveness of physical therapist interventions and reduce the loss of independence among community-dwelling older people.
The Information Processing Behaviors Associated with Learning Disabilities

So often in discussing the etiology of one learning disability over another, we tend to group their academic purposes by the overall gross symptomology. This is especially true with regard to language and perceptual disabilities. However, more and more evidence is going into the clinical literature that clearly indicates that a learning disability may have a multi-dimensional etiology---rather like a colored mosaic wherein the primary colors remain the same but each child's learning problem is put together with subtly different patterns and color shadings. As the author states “children with learning disability do, indeed, represent a heterogeneous population. ”---C.C. E.
Autonomic arousal and conflict avoidance in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study

This study examined the nature and relevance of autonomic arousal during conflict negotiation between anorexic patients and their mothers. Twenty anorexia nervosa patients and 14 psychiatric control patients, and their mothers were monitored for heart rate and skin conductance levels during low- and high-conflict discussion tasks, and self-reports of family functioning. Anorexic patients showed significantly greater arousal during high-conflict discussions than their mothers and psychiatric controls. Mothers of anorexics showed a slowing of heart rate during the high-conflict task compared to their daughters. Heightened arousal in anorexic patients during high-conflict discussions was strongly associated with self-reported difficulties in family problem solving. These results suggest that a relationship exists between autonomic arousal and conflict avoidance in anorexia nervosa which warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
How Does Perceived Value Affect Travelers' Satisfaction and Loyalty?

Although value is regarded as one of the means by which marketers can build their core competence, in previous research in the tourism field only the effect of travelers’ overall perception of value on their attitude and behavior has been addressed. By analyzing data from a survey conducted with Mainland Chinese outbound tourists, we examined the effects of travelers’ perceptions of quality value, emotional value, price value, and experiential value on their satisfaction and loyalty towards destinations. The results showed that both emotional value and quality value had strong positive influences on travelers’ satisfaction and loyalty in an outbound tourism setting, and that the emotional value played the greatest role. The experiential value had a significant impact on travelers’ loyalty. These findings provide tourism managers with insights into how to improve travelers’ satisfaction and loyalty by means of adding value.
Proton MR spectroscopy after acute central nervous system injury: outcome prediction in neonates, infants, and children.

PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in predicting 6-12-month neurologic outcome in children after central nervous system injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Localized single-voxel, 20-msec-echo-time MR spectra (including N-acetylaspartate [NAA], choline [Ch], creatine and phosphocreatine [Cr]) were obtained in the occipital gray matter in 82 patients and 24 control patients. Patient age groups were defined as neonates (< or = 1 month [n = 23]), infants (1-18 months [n = 31]), and children (> or = 18 months [n = 28]). Metabolite ratios and the presence of lactate were determined. Linear discriminant analysis-with admission clinical data, proton MR spectroscopy findings, and MR imaging score (three-point scale based on severity of structural neuroimaging changes)-was performed to help predict outcome in each patient. Findings were then compared with the actual 6-12-month outcome assigned by a pediatric neurologist. RESULTS Outcome on the basis of proton MR spectroscopy findings combined with clinical data and MR imaging score was predicted correctly in 91% of neonates and in 100% of infants and children. Outcome on the basis of clinical data and MR imaging score alone was 83% in neonates, 84% in infants, and 93% in children. The presence of lactate was significantly higher in patients with poor outcome than in patients with good-moderate outcomes in all three age groups (neonates, 38% vs 5%; infants, 87% vs 5%; children, 64% vs 10% [chi 2 test, P < .02]). In children with poor outcomes, NAA/Cr ratios were significantly lower in infants (P = .006) and children (P < .001), and NAA/Ch ratios were significantly lower in infants (P = .001) and neonates (P = .05). CONCLUSION Findings at proton MR spectroscopy helped predict long-term neurologic outcomes in children after central nervous system injury.
Social conservatism vs social justice: the portrayal of child abuse in the press in Victoria, Australia

This paper explores the role of the media in influencing child protection policies in the Australian state of Victoria. Media coverage of child abuse is seen to have had both positive and negative consequences. On the one hand, media campaigns have almost certainly helped to produce more equitable and effective child protection policies and practices. On the other hand, much media coverage (particularly in the tabloid media) has been sensationalist and simplistic. Such coverage arguably has a broader social conservative political agenda, which is to defend traditional institutions and values such as the family, rather than being primarily concerned with identifying necessary reforms to child protection policies and legislation. Attention is drawn here to the local coverage of recent high-profile child abuse cases and debates within the two daily Melbourne newspapers, The Age and the Herald Sun. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that the tabloid Herald Sun has consistently pursued a broader social conservative agenda based on defending traditional nuclear families from allegedly subversive or deviant groups such as incompetent and/or authoritarian state social workers or, alternatively, individually abusive parents. In contrast, the quality daily The Age has generally eschewed simplistic coverage of individual cases in favour of broader structural reform agendas. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameter estimation using multifrequency range‐dependent acoustic data in shallow water

The estimation of all forward model parameters—geometric, geoacoustic, and ocean sound speed—by the inversion of acoustic field observations is considered. The data was taken at a mildly range‐dependent shallow water site in the Mediterranean Sea. The inversion is based on data from a vertical array and carried out using information at multiple frequencies. Global optimization using a directed Monte Carlo search based on genetic algorithms and the Bartlett objective function is used. All geometric parameters are well determined, a range‐dependent geoacoustic model is determined, and the ocean sound speed is estimated. Comparisons of the observed pressure field as a function of depth and the predicted field show good agreement. The use of observations at multiple frequencies provides considerable stability for the estimated parameters. Optimization of only geometric and geoacoustic parameters in a range‐independent environment is found to be satisfactory at the lower frequencies (165–175 Hz), but for the h.