Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General nonexact oracle inequalities for classes with a subexponential envelope

We show that empirical risk minimization procedures and regularized empirical risk minimization procedures satisfy nonexact oracle inequalities in an unbounded framework, under the assumption that the class has a subexponential envelope function. The main novelty, in addition to the boundedness assumption free setup, is that those inequalities can yield fast rates even in situations in which exact oracle inequalities only hold with slower rates. We apply these results to show that procedures based on $\ell_1$ and nuclear norms regularization functions satisfy oracle inequalities with a residual term that decreases like $1/n$ for every $L_q$-loss functions ($q\geq2$), while only assuming that the tail behavior of the input and output variables are well behaved. In particular, no RIP type of assumption or "incoherence condition" are needed to obtain fast residual terms in those setups. We also apply these results to the problems of convex aggregation and model selection.
The apicomplexan parasite Babesia divergens internalizes band 3, glycophorin A and spectrin during invasion of human red blood cells

Plasmodium falciparum invades human red blood cells (RBC), while Babesia divergens infects bovine and, occasionally, human RBC. The mammalian RBC is normally unable to endocytose or phagocytose and the events leading to invasion are incompletely understood. Initially, both parasites are surrounded by the RBC plasma membrane‐derived parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) that is formed during invasion. In P. falciparum‐infected RBC, the PVM persists at least until parasite replication is completed whereas it has been proposed that the B. divergens PVM is disintegrated soon upon invasion. Here, we have used a B. divergens strain adapted to human RBC to investigate the formation and fate of the PVM. Using ultrastructural analysis and whole‐mount or on‐section immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling, we demonstrate that the initial vacuolar membrane is formed from protein and lipid components of the RBC plasma membrane. Integral membrane proteins band 3 and glycophorin A and the cytoskeletal protein spectrin are associated with the PVM of the B. divergens, but are absent from the PVM of P. falciparum at the ring or the trophozoite stage. Our results provide evidence that the biophysical properties of the RBC cytoskeleton per se do not preclude the internalization of cytoskeletal proteins by invading parasites.
Public support for European defence: Does strategic culture matter?

This article identiﬁes previously ignored determinants of public support for the European Union’s security and defence ambitions. In contrast to public opinion vis-a-vis the EU in general, the literature on attitudes towards a putative European army or the existing Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) suggests that the explanatory power of sociodemographic and economic variables is weak, and focuses instead on national identity as the main determinant of one’s support.This article explores the possible impact of strategic culture, and argues that preferences vis-a-vis the EU’s security and defence ambitions are formed in part through pre-existing social representations of security.To test this proposition, ‘national’ strategic cultures are disaggregated and a typology is produced that contains four strategic postures: paciﬁsm, traditionalism, humanitarianism and globalism. Applying regression analysis on individual-level Eurobarometer survey data, it is found that strategic postures help explain both the general level of support for CSDP and support for speciﬁc Petersberg tasks.
Skin delivery of 5‐fluorouracil from ultradeformable and standard liposomes in‐vitro

The potential use of ultradeformable and standard liposomes as skin drug delivery systems was investigated in‐vitro. An improved experimental design gave a good measure for skin deposition of drug. This avoided the contamination that can occur due to incomplete washing of the donor before direct determination of the amount of drug in the skin. The design used aqueous ethanolic receptor which is believed to diffuse into skin, disrupting deposited liposomes (if any) and thus releasing both bound and free drug. The receptor fluid was refined by testing different concentrations of ethanol. The applied dose was also optimized. Using the improved design and the optimum dose, an ultradeformable formulation was compared with four traditional liposomes for skin delivery of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The best receptor was 50% aqueous ethanol and the optimum dose was 20 μL. The ultradeformable formulation was superior to standard liposomes in the skin delivery of 5‐FU. Of the traditional liposomes, the non‐rigid preparation was the best. However, stabilization of the liposome membrane with cholesterol abolished the benefit of this non‐rigid preparation. It was concluded that ultradeformable vesicles are promising agents for skin delivery of drugs.
First- and Second-Generation Measures of Sexism, Rape Myths and Related Beliefs, and Hostility Toward Women

Sexist attitudes and rape-supporting beliefs have long been linked to relationship aggression and sexual coercion. This study investigates how recent developments in the conceptualization and measurement of these variables are related to each other and how they are related to aggressive and coercive behaviors. Second-generation measures of sexism and rape-supporting beliefs were found to be related to each other and to aggressive and sexually coercive behaviors. Relationships between attitude measures appeared to be based primarily on shared belief systems, whereas relationships between attitude measures and aggressive behavior appeared to be based primarily on generalized hostility toward women.
Total Estimated Cost of Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States

Child abuse and neglect are preventable, yet each year in the United States, close to one million children are confirmed victims of child maltreatment. An extensive body of research provides promising and best practices on what works to improve child safety and well-being outcomes and reduce the occurrence of child abuse and neglect. These efforts are essential as child abuse and neglect have pervasive and long-lasting effects on children, their families, and the society. Adverse consequences for children’s development often are evident immediately, encompassing multiple domains including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive. For many children, these effects extend far beyond childhood into adolescence and adulthood, potentially compromising the lifetime productivity of maltreatment victims (Daro, 1988).
A Spanish-Language Version of the Herth Hope Scale: Development and Psychometric Evaluation in a Peruvian Sample

Hope is a motivational/cognitive attribute that is theoretically necessary to initiate and sustain action toward goal attainment. The Herth Hope Scale (HHS) not only appears to tap into some of the same Agency and Pathways content of the commonly used Adult Hope Scale developed by Snyder et al. but also contains some more spiritual and social support-oriented content as well as more optimism content. The purpose of the current study was the development and initial psychometric evaluation of a Spanish-language version of the HHS, using a Latino sample. The study participants were 315 college students from a private university in Lima, Peru. Both first-order and a hierarchical, second-order factor analyses were conducted, yielding evidence of a theoretically salient four-factor structure similar to that found with the English version. Internal consistency of scores on the total and factor-analytically derived subscales were found to be satisfactory. It was concluded that the Spanish-language translation of the HHS appears to yield psychometrically sound scores and should have utility for studies of hope in Spanish-speaking samples.
Finding High-Quality Web Pages Using Cohesiveness

: For a document, cohesiveness is a measure of how closely the concepts in it are related to each other. Previous studies in linguistics have shown that a high quality document is likely to be very cohesive. Similarly, since a web page is a type of document, a high quality web page is expected to be very cohesive as well. Using an ontology constructed from the Yahoo! directory and the web pages linked to it as an underlying reference, we define a distance metric to measure how close two nodes (or concepts) are in the ontology. This metric is used to calculate the cohesiveness of a web page as the total distances of all the concepts in it. Users can use web page cohesiveness to more easily find high quality (cohesive) web pages.
Glibenclamide for the Treatment of Acute CNS Injury

First introduced into clinical practice in 1969, glibenclamide (US adopted name, glyburide) is known best for its use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, where it is used to promote the release of insulin by blocking pancreatic KATP [sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1)-Kir6.2] channels. During the last decade, glibenclamide has received renewed attention due to its pleiotropic protective effects in acute CNS injury. Acting via inhibition of the recently characterized Sur1-Trpm4 channel (formerly, the Sur1-regulated NCCa-ATP channel) and, in some cases, via brain KATP channels, glibenclamide has been shown to be beneficial in several clinically relevant rodent models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, neonatal encephalopathy of prematurity, and metastatic brain tumor. Glibenclamide acts on microvessels to reduce edema formation and secondary hemorrhage, it inhibits necrotic cell death, it exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and it promotes neurogenesis—all via inhibition of Sur1. Two clinical trials, one in TBI and one in stroke, currently are underway. These recent findings, which implicate Sur1 in a number of acute pathological conditions involving the CNS, present new opportunities to use glibenclamide, a well-known, safe pharmaceutical agent, for medical conditions that heretofore had few or no treatment options.
Culture, role conflict and caregiver stress: The lived experiences of family cancer caregivers in Nairobi

This article explores the experiences of a small group of Nairobi women caring for a family cancer patient at home. On the basis of literature on women as caregivers in Africa, and on other literature more broadly, it was anticipated that issues around generational roles, gender and women’s cultural role would be relevant. Seven women participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews, while thirteen women participated in four mini focus groups. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings underscore the socio-cultural complexities of caregiving as a basis for evidence-based culturally appropriate structures to support family caregivers.
Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior: Habituation and Reasoned Action Perspectives

The frequency with which a behavior has been performed in the past is found to account for variance in later behavior independent of intentions. This often taken as evidence for habituation of behavior and as complementing the reasoned mode of operation assumed by such models as the theory of planned behavior. In this article, I question the idea that the residual effect of past on later behavior can be attributed to habituation. The habituation perspective cannot account for residual effects in the prediction of low-opportunity behaviors performed in unstable contexts, no accepted independent measure of habit is available, and empirical tests of them habituation hypothesis have so far met with little success. A review of existing evidence suggests that the residual impact of past behavior is attenuated when measures of intention and behavior are compatible and vanishes when intentions are strong and well formed, expectations are implementation have been developed.
A Community-Centered Architecture for the Deployment of Ubiquitous Telemedicine Systems

In this paper, we present an ubiquitous and pervasive computing architecture, CASMAS, aimed at supporting cooperation among the members of a community and their devices. We also show how CASMAS can be augmented by the WOAD framework, which was developed independently to model and express coordination mechanisms in document-mediated communities. We take the distributed hypertension monitoring case as an exemplifying and sufficiently complex scenario to show the feasibility and advantages of the our s mantically informed modularapproach. The scenario is then declined in terms of architectural components and cooperation-oriented mechanisms that are shared between the devices and entities of the designed community
Leadership and turnover intentions of Taiwan TV reporters: the moderating role of safety climate

TV reporters in Taiwan often encounter accidents during regular assignment runs, which may be a significant factor that increases their intentions to leave their job. Occupational hazard has always been ignored by news media organizations. Recent research has shown that a positive organizational safety climate may improve safety-related issues. To build on previous research conducted, this study investigates the moderating effect of safety climate between safety leadership and turnover intentions. This research collected 268 valid samples with an 89% response rate. Using the hierarchical linear model, results show that the transformational leadership style is negatively related to turnover intentions and the passive leadership style is positively related. Moreover, the moderation tests found a negative relationship between the interaction of passive leadership and safety and employees' turnover intentions. This implies that when reporters are working in a positive safety climate environment, their turnover intentions will be significantly lower. On the contrary, the positive moderating effect of safety climate on the relationship between transformational leadership and turnover intention is not significant.
Pituitary luteinizing hormone content of unmated, pseudopregnant, pregnant and progesterone-treated rabbits.

Summary. The lh content of the pituitary of rabbits in various reproductive states was assayed by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. It was highest in unmated rabbits and decreased significantly (P<0\m=.\01)during both pseudopregnancy and pregnancy. Administration of progesterone (20 mg/day for 10 days) reduced pituitary lh in unmated rabbits to levels similar to those found during pseudopregnancy and pregnancy. It is inferred that the capacity of the pituitary gland to accumulate lh during pseudopregnancy and pregnancy decreases mainly as a result of secretion of progesterone. The rabbit ovulâtes after mating and becomes either pseudopregnant or pregnant (Hammond, 1925). The cl formed require oestrogen for their functional maintenance (Robson, 1937). Secretion of the steroid is believed to be controlled by lh so that this gonadotrophin is luteotrophic in the rabbit (Kilpatrick, Armstrong & Greep, 1964). Therefore, it seemed of interest to determine the fluctuations, if any, in the pituitary lh stores during pseudo¬ pregnancy and pregnancy and following treatment with progesterone. Al¬ though Hill (1934) and Friedman & Friedman (1939) measured pituitary lh in rabbits, a quantitative assay such as the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion (OAAD) method (Parlow, 1961) was not available to these workers. Thirty-five adult Dutch belted rabbits weighing between 1-5 and 2-5 kg were obtained from a commercial source and housed individually in a tempera¬ ture-controlled room. They were fed a standard diet. Pseudopregnancy was induced by intravenous injection of 25 i.u. hcg (A.P.L., Ayerst Lab., N.Y.) and rabbits were killed on Days 1 (1 day after the hcg injection), 4, 8 and 12. Other rabbits were killed on Days 5, 13, 20 and 30 of pregnancy (Day of mating = 0) and Day 9 post partum. Each group, except that killed on Day 1 of pregnancy (two rabbits only), included three animals. All rabbits were killed with an overdose of chloroform and the anterior pituitaries were removed and weighed. The glands were pooled within each group and kept frozen ( —20° C) until assayed for lh. The ovaries were examined for the number of cl. The
Law, Social Standing and Racial Disparities in Imprisonment

A central and recurring concern in the sociology of criminal law is racial disparity in imprisonment-blacks are much more likely than whites to be imprisoned for crimes. Sociological theories disagree over the sources of imprisonment disparity. Prior research has ignored the social, economic, and legal characteristics of states and regions of the country that may contribute to disparity. The present study finds differences in the social standing of blacks relative to whites that explain substantial and statistically significant variation in racial disparity in imprisonment across states after racial differences in involvement in crime are controlled. Blacks are more likely than whites to be imprisoned in states where the black population is a small percentage of the total population and predominantly urban. The implications of these findings for a structural theory of punishment are discussed. Over the past decade, racial and ethnic disparities in imprisonment have provoked national concern. While blacks and other racial minorities constitute a relatively small share of the general population, they make up a very large share of federal and state prison populations. In 1982, blacks made up 12 percent of the U.S. population and 48 percent of the prison population. ' Such disparity continues to fuel debate about the treatment of minorities in the administration of criminal justice (Blumstein 1982; Hagan 1974a; Kieck 1981; Langan 1985). One writer described the debate as "one of the most distressing and troublesome aspects of the operation of the criminal justice system in the United States" (Blumstein 1982, p. 1259). *We thank Paul Burstein, Herbert Costner, Avery Guest, James Inverarity, Joe Weis, L. Wesley Wager, and two anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions. The project reported in this paper was sponsored by a grant from the Legislature of the State of Washington to the Institute for Public Policy, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Washington. Address correspondence to George S. Bridges, Department of Sociology-DK40, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. 1988 The University of North Carolina Press
Increasing and Decreasing Alcohol Use Trajectories Among Older Women in the U.S. Across a 10-Year Interval

Older women who routinely drink alcohol may experience health benefits, but they are also at risk for adverse effects. Despite the importance of their drinking patterns, few studies have analyzed longitudinal data on changes in drinking among community-based samples of women ages 50 and older. Reported here are findings from a semi-parametric group-based model that used data from 4,439 randomly sampled U.S. women who enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and completed ≥ 3 biannual alcohol assessments during 1998–2008. The best-fitting model based on the drinks per day data had four trajectories labeled as “Increasing Drinkers” (5.3% of sample), “Decreasing Drinkers” (5.9%), “Stable Drinkers” (24.2%), and “Non/Infrequent Drinkers” (64.6%). Using group assignments generated by the trajectory model, one adjusted logistic regression analysis contrasted the groups with low alcohol intake in 1998 (Increasing Drinkers and Non/Infrequent Drinkers). In this model, baseline education, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and binge drinking were significant factors. Another analysis compared the groups with higher intake in 1998 (Decreasing Drinkers versus Stable Drinkers). In this comparison, baseline depression, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and retirement status were significant. Findings underscore the need to periodically counsel all older women on the risks and benefits of alcohol use.
The GE Paradox: Competitive Advantage Through Fungible Non-Firm-Specific Investment

This study addresses two questions: (a) Does General Electric have an exceptional ability to develop non-firm-specific general management talent, and (b) how can GE’s investment into non-firm-specific, nonproprietary managerial capabilities be explained theoretically? The authors’ analysis provides evidence that GE has an extraordinary managerial development capability. Their theory suggests that GE’s managerial development process is valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized to be exploited, and therefore, a source of sustained competitive advantage. This process produces a flow of managers with the potential to be sources of temporary competitive advantage for GE. Outward flow of executive talent is a required byproduct of the process.
The Role of TRP Channels in Migraine

TRP channels are members of a large family of non-selective cation channels. The family which numbers over 30 is classified into 6 groups based on amino acid sequence homology. TRP channels are distributed in many peripheral tissues as well as central and peripheral nervous system. These channels are important in sensing a wide range of chemical and physical stimuli. Several TRP channels, including TRPV1 and TRPA1 are important in pain transduction pathways. This review will focus on the function of TRP channels in the trigeminovascular system and other anatomical regions which are relevant to migraine. We will discuss the possible role of TRP channels in migraine, including the potential role of TRPV1 in the hypersensitivity and allodynia frequently observed in migraine patients. We will review the status of TRP channel drugs in migraine therapeutics. We will also discuss the possible roles of TRP channels in triggering migraine attacks, a process which is not well-understood. Kewords: Migraine, trigeminal, TRP receptor, pain, neurogenic, inflammation.
Majority voting on restricted domains : a summary

In judgment aggregation, unlike preference aggregation, not much is known about domain restrictions that guarantee consistent majority outcomes. We introduce several conditions on individual judgments su¢ cient for consistent majority judgments. Some are based on global orders of propositions or individuals, others on local orders, still others not on orders at all. Some generalize classic social-choice-theoretic domain conditions, others have no counterpart. Our most general condition generalizes Sens triplewise valuerestriction, itself the most general classic condition. Taken together, our results suggest that majority inconsistencies can be avoided in practice, provided that disagreements are appropriately structured. This rehabilitates majority voting as a potential way to reach collective judgments.
Lecturing Performance Appraisal Criteria: Staff and Student Differences

THE assessment of academic staff teaching performance is an area of considerable concern and debate. The questions revolve around what should be assessed and by whom. In this study, the ratings of academic staff and tertiary students in a new institution were compared on 21 criteria of lecturing. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the academics placed significantly greater importance than students on a range of performance criteria (e.g. non-sexist language, independent learning, challenging the world view), with the students placing greater importance on one criterion—pace of the presentation. Separate factor analyses of the ratings by staff and students demonstrated differences in the schematic models of these two groups. They agree that the criteria are important, but portray different pictures of the ways in which the criteria combine to produce the understanding of what is a good lecture. The findings of this study contribute to the questions on the assessment of academic staff performance. This study demonstrates that staff and students differ significantly in their interpretations of what is to be measured in the assessment of a good lecture. These findings raise questions regarding the use of student and staff ratings in performance appraisal.