Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galaxies and Overmerging: What Does it Take to Destroy a Satellite Galaxy?

The Ultra Compact Dwarf (UCD) galaxies recently discovered in the Fornax and Virgo clusters exhibit structural similarity to the dense nuclei of nucleated dEs indicating that the progenitor galaxy and its halo have been entirely tidally disrupted. Using high resolution $N$-body simulations with up to ten million particles we investigate the evolution and tidal stripping of substructure halos orbiting within a host potential. We find that complete disruption of satellite halos modeled following the NFW density profile occurs only for very low values of concentration in disagreement with the theoretical predictions of CDM models. This discrepancy is further exacerbated when we include the effect of baryons since disk formation increases the central density.
Asymptotic form of the density profile for Gaussian and Laguerre random matrix ensembles with orthogonal and symplectic symmetry

In a recent study we have obtained correction terms to the large N asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalue density for the Gaussian unitary and Laguerre unitary ensembles of random N×N matrices, both in the bulk and at the soft edge of the spectrum. In the present study these results are used to similarly analyze the eigenvalue density for Gaussian and Laguerre random matrix ensembles with orthogonal and symplectic symmetry. As in the case of unitary symmetry, a matching is exhibited between the asymptotic expansion of the bulk density, expanded about the edge, and the asymptotic expansion of the edge density, expanded into the bulk. In addition, aspects of the asymptotic expansion of the smoothed density, which involves delta functions at the endpoints of the support, are interpreted microscopically.
Demonstration of Dual A‐V Nodal Pathways in Patients with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Electrophysiological evidence suggestive of dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways is presented in two patients with normal P-R interval and reentrant paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). His bundle recordings and atrial stimulation were used to obtain this electrophysiological evidence.Refractory periods were measured with the atrial extra-stimulus technique. Plotting of H1-H2 responses against A1-A2 coupling intervals revealed that as A1-A2 decreased, H1-H2 decreased appropriately. At a critical A1-A2, a sudden marked increase in H1-H2 occurred, suggesting failure of fast pathway, (defining the fast pathway effective refractory period ERP). Further shortening of A1-A2 defined a second H1-H2 curve. The longest A1-A2 with no H2 response was defined as the slow pathway ERP. Echo zones coincided with A1-A2 intervals equal to or less than the fast pathway ERP.These results provide the first electrophysiological demonstration of dual A-V nodal pathways in patients with normal P-R interval and PSVT, as manifest by dual A-V nodal conduction times and refractory periods. Antegrade failure of the fast pathway with subsequent availability for retrograde conduction could allow A-V nodal reentry. These findings provide a basis for reentrance in some patients with reentrant PSVT.
Genomic signatures of evolutionary transitions from solitary to group living

For bees, many roads lead to social harmony Eusociality, where workers sacrifice their reproductive rights to support the colony, has evolved repeatedly and represents the most evolved form of social evolution in insects. Kapheim et al. looked across the genomes of 10 bee species with varying degrees of sociality to determine the underlying genomic contributions. No one genomic path led to eusociality, but similarities across genomes were seen in features such as increases in gene regulation and methylation. It also seems that selection pressures relaxed after the emergence of complex sociality. Science, this issue p. 1139 Social evolution in bees has followed diverse genomic paths but shares genomic patterns. The evolution of eusociality is one of the major transitions in evolution, but the underlying genomic changes are unknown. We compared the genomes of 10 bee species that vary in social complexity, representing multiple independent transitions in social evolution, and report three major findings. First, many important genes show evidence of neutral evolution as a consequence of relaxed selection with increasing social complexity. Second, there is no single road map to eusociality; independent evolutionary transitions in sociality have independent genetic underpinnings. Third, though clearly independent in detail, these transitions do have similar general features, including an increase in constrained protein evolution accompanied by increases in the potential for gene regulation and decreases in diversity and abundance of transposable elements. Eusociality may arise through different mechanisms each time, but would likely always involve an increase in the complexity of gene networks.
Optimal Duration of Conservative Management Prior to Surgery for Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Literature Review

Study Design Literature review. Objective Since the 1970s, spine surgeons have commonly required 6 weeks of failed conservative treatment prior to considering surgical intervention for various spinal pathologies. It is unclear, however, if this standard has been validated in the literature. The authors review the natural history, outcomes, and cost-effectiveness studies relating to the current standard of 6 weeks of nonoperative care prior to surgery for patients with spinal pathologies. Methods A systematic Medline search from 1953 to 2013 was performed to identify natural history, outcomes, and cost-effectiveness studies relating to the optimal period of conservative management prior to surgical intervention for both cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. Demographic information, operative indications, and clinical outcomes are reviewed for each study. Results A total of 5,719 studies were identified; of these, 13 studies were selected for inclusion. Natural history studies demonstrated that 88% of patients with cervical radiculopathy and 70% of patients with lumbar radiculopathy showed improvement within 4 weeks following onset of symptoms. Outcomes and cost-effectiveness studies supported surgical intervention within 8 weeks of symptom onset for both cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. Conclusions There are limited studies supporting any optimal duration of conservative treatment prior to surgery for cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. Therefore, evidence-based conclusions cannot be made. Based on the available literature, we suggest that an optimal timing for surgery following cervical radiculopathy is within 8 weeks of onset of symptoms. A shorter period of 4 weeks may be appropriate based on natural history studies. Additionally, we found that optimal timing for surgery following lumbar radiculopathy is between 4 and 8 weeks. A prospective study is needed to explicitly identify the optimal duration of conservative therapy prior to surgery so that costs may be reduced and patient outcomes improved.
ATtRACT—a database of RNA-binding proteins and associated motifs

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in key cellular processes, including RNA transport, splicing, polyadenylation and stability. Understanding the interaction between RBPs and RNA is key to improve our knowledge of RNA processing, localization and regulation in a global manner. Despite advances in recent years, a unified non-redundant resource that includes information on experimentally validated motifs, RBPs and integrated tools to exploit this information is lacking. Here, we developed a database named ATtRACT (available at http://attract.cnic.es) that compiles information on 370 RBPs and 1583 RBP consensus binding motifs, 192 of which are not present in any other database. To populate ATtRACT we (i) extracted and hand-curated experimentally validated data from CISBP-RNA, SpliceAid–F, RBPDB databases, (ii) integrated and updated the unavailable ASD database and (iii) extracted information from Protein-RNA complexes present in Protein Data Bank database through computational analyses. ATtRACT provides also efficient algorithms to search a specific motif and scan one or more RNA sequences at a time. It also allows discovering de novo motifs enriched in a set of related sequences and compare them with the motifs included in the database. Database URL: http:// attract. cnic. es
Chemical Composition of the Rabbit Aorta during Development

Changes in both the relative and the absolute amounts of collagen and elastin in segments of the aortic wall of New Zealand white rabbits (1–130 weeks old) were determined by chemical analysis. As in other mammals, elastin was the major component of the wall of the thoracic aorta although the proportion of collagen increased along the abdominal aorta and into the more distant arteries. Data on the absolute amounts of collagen and elastin per aorta showed that collagen and elastin deposition was most rapid during the early postnatal weeks. Although this deposition slowed in later weeks, it continued in both segments of the aorta throughout the period of this study. The proportion of the wall mass attributable to collagen and to elastin increased very rapidly during the first postnatal weeks and then, after 20 weeks, declined. The results of the present study indicate that there is a significant increase in some unidentified nonscleroprotein component within the aortic wall of older rabbits.
A New Typology: Four Perspectives of School Counselor Involvement with Families.

School counselors are called to collaborate with families to support student success and achievement. Although the need for collaboration is apparent in the ASCA National Model as well as research on family-school engagement, an organized view of what this collaboration between school counselors and families may look like and how existing or proposed approaches to collaboration impact school counselor practices is not available. The purpose of this article is to propose a typology for understanding ways school counselors engage families. This typology has specific implications for assessment, service delivery, school counselor training, and future research.
Identity Status, Gender, and Social Comparison Among Young Adults

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate identity status globally and across identity domains among young Swedish adult women and men. Also, potential differences in social comparison among identity statuses were evaluated. The results showed that most of the 124 participants (50% women, Mage 33.29 years) were assigned to an achieved global identity and had made identity-defining commitments across domains. Gender differences in identity status were found in the occupational and parenthood domains. In addition, differences in social comparison orientation were found only in the parenthood domain, whereas those assigned to moratorium scored higher in social comparison than did those assigned to foreclosure and diffusion. These results bring important knowledge to our understanding of identity during young adulthood.
Three-way joins on MapReduce: An experimental study

We study three-way joins on MapReduce. Joins are very useful in a multitude of applications from data integration and traversing social networks, to mining graphs and automata-based constructions. However, joins are expensive, even for moderate data sets; we need efficient algorithms to perform distributed computation of joins using clusters of many machines. MapReduce has become an increasingly popular distributed computing system and programming paradigm. We consider a state-of-the-art MapReduce multi-way join algorithm by Afrati and Ullman and show when it is appropriate for use on very large data sets. By providing a detailed experimental study, we demonstrate that this algorithm scales much better than what is suggested by the original paper. However, if the join result needs to be summarized or aggregated, as opposed to being only enumerated, then the aggregation step can be integrated into a cascade of two-way joins, making it more efficient than the other algorithm, and thus becomes the preferred solution.
Automata and Reduced Words in the Free Group

We consider some questions about formal languages that arise when inverses of letters, words and languages are defined. The reduced representation of a language over the free monoid is its unique equivalent representation in the free group. We show that the class of regular languages is closed under taking the reduced representation, while the class of context-free languages is not. We also give an upper bound on the state complexity of the reduced representation of a regular language, and prove upper and lower bounds on the length of the shortest reducible string in a regular language. Finally we show that the set of all words which are equivalent to the words in a regular language can be nonregular, and that regular languages are not closed under taking a generalized form of the reduced representation.
p53 Represses Transcription of RING Finger LIM Domain-Binding Protein RLIM through Sp1

RLIM acts as a negative regulator of LIM-Homeodomain proteins either by recruiting Sin3A/Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) co-repressor complex or through degradation of CLIM coactivator, thus playing an important role in embryonic development. Recent studies by different research groups have shown that RLIM acts as an X-encoded, dose-dependent inducer of X chromosome inactivation in mouse embryonic stem cells. However, until now, very little is known about the expression regulation of RLIM gene, and we tried to study the transctriptional regulation of RLIM gene. In the present study, we identified RLIM as a novel target of p53 and demonstrated that p53 repressed both mRNA and protein levels of RLIM. Expression of wild type p53, but not p53 mutants, led to repression of the RLIM promoter activity. We further identified four putative Sp1 elements (S1 to S4) on the RLIM promoter that are essential for p53-mediated repression of RLIM. Although p53 does not directly bind to the RLIM promoter, it physically interacts with and prevents the binding of Sp1 to the RLIM promoter. Thus, RLIM is a novel target of p53, and p53 exerts its inhibitory effect on RLIM expression by interfering with Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation on RLIM. Our results provided data to enlarge the knowledge of transcriptional regulation of RLIM and suggested a new pathway by which physiological and pathological activators of p53 may affect development.
Dynamic guiding of bounded property checking

Current statistics attribute up to 75% of the overall design costs of digital hardware and embedded system development to the verification task. In recent years, the trend to augment functional with formal verification tries to alleviate this problem. Efficient property checking algorithms allow automatic verification of middle-sized designs nowadays. However, the steadily increasing design sizes still leave verification the major bottleneck, because formal methodologies do not yet scale to very large designs. In this paper we present the formal verification tool SymC based on forward state space traversal and so-called AR-automata for property checking, both internally represented with BDDs. Furthermore, we introduce a new methodology called dynamic guiding. This methodology best suits multimodule concurrent finite state machine (FSM) designs. The aim of guiding is to reduce the intermediate and final BDD size, which in turn makes this verification technique applicable to larger designs. Our approach exploits abstract information of the design in the form of regular expressions and effectively guides the symbolic traversal depending on the verified property.
Efficient parallel-pipelined GHASH for message authentication

AES/GCM is a common mode for authenticated encryption. One of its components is Galois HASH (GHASH) which achieves the authentication task. In this work, we present an efficient key independent hardware implementation for parallel-pipelined GHASH. Karatsuba Ofman Algorithm (KOA) is used for Galois Field (GF) multiplication. Unlike previous parallel hardware architectures based on KOA, we use only one reduction array for all parallel KOA multipliers. Therefore, an area optimized design is achieved. In addition, pipelined KOA is adopted to get higher clock frequency. 4-Parallel pipelined GHASH is evaluated using Xilinx Virtex5. It occupies 7.128k Slices and achieves 113.8 Gbps as an authentication throughput. Higher hardware efficiency (throughput/slice) in comparison with prior art (Key independent GHASH) is achieved.
The spontaneous expression of pride and shame: Evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays

The present research examined whether the recognizable nonverbal expressions associated with pride and shame may be biologically innate behavioral responses to success and failure. Specifically, we tested whether sighted, blind, and congenitally blind individuals across cultures spontaneously display pride and shame behaviors in response to the same success and failure situations—victory and defeat at the Olympic or Paralympic Games. Results showed that sighted, blind, and congenitally blind individuals from >30 nations displayed the behaviors associated with the prototypical pride expression in response to success. Sighted, blind, and congenitally blind individuals from most cultures also displayed behaviors associated with shame in response to failure. However, culture moderated the shame response among sighted athletes: it was less pronounced among individuals from highly individualistic, self-expression-valuing cultures, primarily in North America and West Eurasia. Given that congenitally blind individuals across cultures showed the shame response to failure, findings overall are consistent with the suggestion that the behavioral expressions associated with both shame and pride are likely to be innate, but the shame display may be intentionally inhibited by some sighted individuals in accordance with cultural norms.
Hardware performance sniffers for embedded systems profiling

Today on-chip monitoring solutions should be characterized by a reduced software and hardware overheads. So, this work deals with techniques to profile computational behavior and communication patterns of hardware/software components belonging to systems with multiple processing elements, i.e. a more general representation of on-chip embedded systems. In particular, the paper focuses on profiling techniques based on ad-hoc hardware mechanisms in order to avoid possible distortion of system behavior due to the monitoring action itself, thus satisfying unobtrusive profiling requirement. The final goal is the definition of a set of metrics to profile memory accesses and communication between processing elements, and the development of proper hardware mechanisms to support their evaluation. The profiling system architecture is described and its possible advantages over alternative software-based and hardware-based solutions are analyzed. Tests on proposed system are also done by means of a prototype implementation specifically targeting Xilinx MicroBlaze based multi-processor system.
Contextualising degree-level achievement: an exploration of interactions between gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status and school type at one large UK university

Abstract Differentials in UK degree outcomes have been noted for some time, with research showing that not all types of students enjoy comparable levels of attainment, even when prior qualifications are controlled for. This article offers a new perspective by using regression models to examine interactions between the key variables that predict success among around 9000 students at one major UK university in terms of their chances of obtaining a ‘good’ (upper second or better) degree and a ‘first’ degree. As in previous studies, gender is found to be significantly influential, with female students’ attainment being superior to that of male students. However, significant interactions are noted between gender, ethnicity and socio-economic class indicators. These interactions are integral to developing a better understanding of what happens to equal-attainment students once they reach university, and they allow for a more fine-grained and accurate picture to emerge of the different factors that influence success. We interpret these interactions, along with school type effects, and discuss their potential implications for the ways in which university applicants are selected and university students are taught.
Network within a network approach to create a scalable high-radix router microarchitecture

Cost-efficient networks are critical in creating scalable large-scale systems, including those found in supercomputers and datacenters. High-radix routers reduce network cost by lowering the network diameter while providing a high bisection bandwidth and path diversity. However, as the port count increases, the high-radix router microarchitecture needs to scale efficiently. Hierarchical crossbar organization has been proposed where a single large crossbar is partitioned into many small crossbars and overcomes the limitations of conventional switch microarchitecture. Although the organization provides high performance, its scalability is limited due to power and area overheads by the wires and intermediate buffers. We propose alternative scalable router microarchitectures that leverage a network within the switch design of the high-radix routers themselves. These designs lower the wiring complexity and buffer requirements. For example, when a folded-Clos switch is used instead of the hierarchical crossbar switch for a radix-64 router, it provides up to 73%, 58%, and 87% reduction in area, energy-delay product, and energy-delay-area product, respectively. We also explore more efficient switch designs by exploiting the traffic-pattern characteristics of the global network and its impact on the local network design within the switch. In particular, we propose a bilateral butterfly switch organization that has fewer crossbars and half the number of global wires compared to the topology-agnostic folded-Clos switch while achieving better low-load latency and equivalent saturation throughput.
Displacement of submacular hemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration using vitrectomy and submacular tPA injection followed by intravitreal ranibizumab

Background/aims: To evaluate retrospectively the clinical outcomes of patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), treated by vitrectomy, submacular tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection and pneumatic displacement of SMH with air followed by postoperative intravitreal ranibizumab (RZB). Methods: Patients with SMH and nAMD had 25-guage vitrectomy and subretinal tPA (12.5 micrograms/0.1 mL) with fluid/air exchange. Intravitreal RZB was administered postoperatively to patients eligible for National Health Service (NHS) funded treatment. Results: Of the total of 16 patients, 11 (68.7%) had complete displacement of SMH. The remaining five had residual SMH, mainly subretinal pigment epithelium in location. Three of the four patients who previously had a failed expansile gas pneumatic displacement were successfully displaced with vitrectomy surgery. At presentation 5/16 (31.3%) patients were eligible for NHS funded intravitreal RZB. This increased to 12 patients after the vitrectomy procedure (75.0%). At 6 months postoperatively all improved by ≥1 line. Ten of the 16 patients (63%) improved by ≥2 lines, with 10 of the 12 patients (83%) treated with RZB improving by ≥2 lines. Conclusion: Vitrectomy/subretinal tPA/air to displace SMH followed by intravitreal RZB injection can stabilize/improve vision in patients with nAMD. This technique displaces hemorrhage not displaced by attempted expansile gas techniques.