Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbiology and atmospheric processes: the role of biological particles in cloud physics

Abstract. As part of a series of papers on the sources, distribution and potential impact of biological particles in the atmosphere, this paper introduces and summarizes the potential role of biological particles in atmospheric clouds. Biological particles like bacteria or pollen may be active as both cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) and thereby can contribute to the initial cloud formation stages and the development of precipitation through giant CCN and IN processes. The paper gives an introduction to aerosol-cloud processes involving CCN and IN in general and provides a short summary of previous laboratory, field and modelling work which investigated the CCN and IN activity of bacterial cells and pollen. Recent measurements of atmospheric ice nuclei with a continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) and of the heterogeneous ice nucleation efficiency of bacterial cells are also briefly discussed. As a main result of this overview paper we conclude that a proper assessment of the impact of biological particles on tropospheric clouds needs new laboratory, field and modelling work on the abundance of biological particles in the atmosphere and their CCN and heterogeneous IN properties.
Developmental Trend of Chinese Preschool Children in Drawing and Writing.

Abstract Subjects for this study were 60 Chinese boys and girls ages 2 to 6 years. Each subject was asked to draw a picture of self and write his or her own name on a piece of paper. The analysis of data was based upon the following concerns: (a) human figure drawing ability, (b) differentiation between drawing and writing, and (c) writing own name ability. An age effect was found both in the human figure drawing and writing own name tasks. An upward trend was observed between the age of the subjects and the drawing and writing abilities. Even the 3-year-olds could somehow differentiate drawing from writing. Moreover, many 5-year-olds were able to use correct number of Chinese characters to represent their own names while the 3-year-olds used mostly only one character.
Continuation of GnRH agonist administration for 1 week, after hCG injection, prevents ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following elective cryopreservation of all pronucleate embryos.

BACKGROUND An approach consisting of elective cryopreservation of all embryos has been proposed for patients at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Although elective cryopreservation can prevent pregnancy-induced late OHSS, it cannot prevent early OHSS. Early OHSS is reported to have been complicated with thromboembolism. The study was carried out to assess the efficacy with which the continued administration of GnRH agonist for 1 week after 5000 IU of hCG injection could prevent early OHSS. METHODS This study employed an open controlled clinical trial at three centres for treatment of infertility in Sapporo. A total of 138 patients at risk of OHSS during IVF-embryo transfer from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999, were assigned in turn either to a group with elective cryopreservation of all pronucleate embryos (n = 68) or to one with continuation of GnRH agonist administration for 1 week after hCG injection following elective cryopreservation (n = 70). Subsequently, they were transferred in hormone replacement cycles. The development of severe OHSS (ascites, haemoconcentration) was compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 10% of patients developed severe OHSS necessitating hospitalization because of a marked increase in ascites in the upper abdomen and the haemoconcentration in the elective cryopreservation alone group. On the other hand, none developed severe OHSS in the GnRH agonist continuation group. CONCLUSIONS In our study, continuation of GnRH agonist for 1 week after hCG injection prevented severe early OHSS following elective cryopreservation of all embryos. This treatment is safe and cost-beneficial, and should be performed promptly for patients at risk of OHSS.
Online computation of sparse representations of time varying stimuli using a biologically motivated neural network

Natural stimuli are highly redundant, possessing significant spatial and temporal correlations. While sparse coding has been proposed as an efficient strategy employed by neural systems to encode sensory stimuli, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Most previous approaches model the neural dynamics by the sparse representation dictionary itself and compute the representation coefficients offline. In reality, faced with the challenge of constantly changing stimuli, neurons must compute the sparse representations dynamically in an online fashion. Here, we describe a leaky linearized Bregman iteration (LLBI) algorithm which computes the time varying sparse representations using a biologically motivated network of leaky rectifying neurons. Compared to previous attempt of dynamic sparse coding, LLBI exploits the temporal correlation of stimuli and demonstrate better performance both in representation error and the smoothness of temporal evolution of sparse coefficients.
Using the Organizational Cultural Assessment (OCAI) as a Tool for New Team Development

The Organizational Cultural Assessment Instrument (OCAI) is a psychometric tool developed by Cameron and Quinn (2006). Its purpose is to help organizations identify their current and preferred culture. Through the use of a simple survey, participants identify their perceptions of both existing culture and their desired future culture. Organizations can then utilize these results to assess both the current cultural state and also to identify gaps between current and desired futures.
Corporate Governance and Development

The literature shows that good corporate governance generally pays for firms, for markets, and for countries. It is associated with a lower cost of capital, higher returns on equity, greater efficiency, and more favorable treatment of all stakeholders, although the direction of causality is not always clear. The law and finance literature has documented the important role of institutions aimed at contractual and legal enforcement, including corporate governance, across countries. Using firm level data, researchers have documented relationships between countries corporate governance frameworks on the one hand and performance, valuation, the cost of capital, and access to external financing on the other. Given the benefits of good corporate governance, firms and countries should voluntarily reform more. Resistance by entrenched owners and managers at the firm level and political economy factors at the level of markets and countries partly explain why they do not.
What really happens in police interviews of suspects? Tactics and confessions

Abstract There exists very limited published research on what actually happens during police interviews with suspects, and the research which does exist has identified a number of weaknesses. In attempts to remedy this, some governments have brought in legislative changes and some police forces have sought to improve their training. The present study examined the extent to which a number of psychological tactics identified in the literature were actually used by a major police force in England. Audio tape recordings of interviews were assessed by a number of forensic psychologists. It was found that coercive tactics were used very infrequently but that tactics concerned with the seeking of information were common. There were relatively few correlations between (i) the extent to which suspects changed ‘position’ from denial toward confession and (ii) the degree of usage of each of the 17 tactics. Most of the tactics had a stronger degree of usage in interviews in which the suspects continued to deny/never confessed. The relationships between these findings and changes in relevant legislation and training are discussed.
The Conceptualization and Analysis of Change Over Time: An Integrative Approach Incorporating Longitudinal Mean and Covariance Structures Analysis (LMACS) and Multiple Indicator Latent Growth Modeling (MLGM)

The concept of change over time is fundamental to many phenomena investigated in organizational research. This didactically oriented article proposes an integrative approach incorporating longitudinal mean and covariance structures analysis and multiple indicator latent growth modeling to aid organizational researchers in directly addressing fundamental questions concerning the conceptualization and analysis of change over time. The approach is illustrated using a numerical example involving several organizationally relevant variables. Advantages, limitations, and extensions of the approach are discussed.
Impact of E-Adoption on Teaching and Learning in the Context of Teaching French

Growing use of information technology and communication (ICT) tools in language courses with communication at their core has brought opportunities as well as challenges in the predominantly conventional face-to-face context of the classroom. When the French programme in the Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages at The Chinese University of Hong Kong started to integrate an e-learning platform into all language courses, students as well as teachers showed reservations and even disbelief. However, it was unexpected to observe such an interdependent relationship between new technologies and the conventional teaching approach. In this paper, the broad implications of the e-adoption applied to learning French as a foreign language are investigated to highlight studentsâ€™ learning habits and learning process. The strategies used to make technology act as a facilitator across cultures, and various ways to savoir-faire diffusion are also discussed. The study shows how new technologies modify in-class teaching, while the traditional face-to-face teaching and learning approach can influence choices in the use of different web tools that lead to blended models of education.
Perverse sheaves and fundamental lemmas

The Langlands program is a rich supply of deep and beautiful problems. Some of those problems are very abstract while others are rather concrete. In these lectures, I will discuss some problems in harmonic analysis, issued from the Langlands’s program, which require, in spite of their concrete and elementary appearance, sophisticated machinery in algebraic geometry to be fully understood and eventually solved. After recalling the Grothendieck dictionary between `-adic sheaves on algebraic varieties over finite fields and functions on their sets of rational points, I will attempt to enunciate a vague notion of perverse continuation principle that seems to be useful to construct a solution for these problems. I will then go on to work out this principle in three cases: the Jacquet-Ye fundamental lemma, the Jacquet-Rallis fundamental lemma (due to Z. Yun), the Langlands-Shelstad standard and the Walsdspurger nonstandard endoscopic fundamental lemmas. These lecture notes aim to be complementary to other expository papers in this topics, including [6], [28], [29], [31], [14], [24]. In particular, I won’t discuss the motivation behind the fundamental lemmas, that has been discussed in [6] and [14]. We will instead focus on the construction of global moduli spaces for which one can establish the perverse continuation principle. We emphasize that the construction of global moduli spaces, in all the cases, follows essentially the same pattern. The crucial proof of the perverse continuation principle is however very different in each of these cases. We won’t dive into the details of this part as for instance the expository paper [31] has been devoted to this purpose in the endoscopic case. The paper is divided into five sections. The first section contains standard materials on Grothendieck’s dictionary of sheaves and functions. In the second section, the principle of perverse continuation is enunciated. We also discuss, in this section, various techniques that may be used in establishing this principle in different geometric situations. The three last sections are devoted to the construction of moduli spaces related to the fundamental lemma of Jacquet-Ye, Jacquet-Rallis, Langlands-Shelstad and Waldspurger respectively, and for which one can establish the principle of perverse continuation by various techniques presented in section 2.
The epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in the elderly

This chapter reviews the nature and importance of epidemiological research and discusses some of the methodological issues which pertain, with examples from relevant literature. Affective disorders, dementia, paranoid disorders, neurotic illnesses and alcohol abuse are individually covered. For each of these the definition and classification is given and the relevant research regarding the prevalence, incidence, risk factors and outcome discussed
Moving forward Exploring unique Chinese phenomena and advancing HRM research

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to review the current status of the Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management (JCHRM) in this initial stage and present a number of emerging unique Chinese phenomena for scholarly attention in relation to JCHRM entering its fifth year. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of JCHRM’s status, we further reviewed literature and media reports to identify new research opportunities for indigenous Chinese human resource management (HRM) research. Findings – JCHRM has demonstrated its strength and uniqueness in contributing to management knowledge production and dissemination in the first four years, thanks to enthusiastic support from the worldwide research community. Moving forward, we identify a number of intriguing indigenous phenomena, including distinctive social political contexts in state-owned enterprises, emerging trends in embracing the Party Branches (dang zhi bu, 党支部) by multinational corporations (MNCs) in China and the indigenous Chinese suzhi (素质) phenomenon, for new opportunities in Chinese HRM research. Research limitations/implications – The three indigenous phenomena constitute only a few samples. Developing a theoretical understanding of Chinese HRM phenomena has a long way to go. Continued inquiries in this area will not only help build local knowledge on complex organizational dynamics but also enrich the overall management knowledge base. Originality/value – We review the status of JCHRM in its first four years and bring a sample of intriguing indigenous Chinese phenomena to the attention of the worldwide scholarly community for future research.
Situational antecedents and outcomes of organizational politics perceptions

A model of perceptions of organizational politics was developed and tested using a sample of 208 Malaysian employees from diverse occupations and organizations. Results of a path analysis on the survey data showed that job ambiguity, scarcity of resources, and trust climate were significant predictors of perceptions of organizational politics. Perceptions of organizational politics, in turn, mediated the effects of these situational antecedents on job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Specifically, employees who perceived a high level of politics in their workplace reported higher levels of stress, lower levels of job satisfaction, and higher levels of intention to quit than did employees who perceived a low level of politics. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Transcending Socialization

A nine-year ethnography is used to show how two investment banks’ controls, including socialization, targeted bankers’ bodies, how the bankers’ relations to their bodies evolved, and what the organizational consequences were. The banks’ espoused and therefore visible values emphasized autonomy and work-life balance; their less visible embodied controls caused habitual overwork that bankers experienced as self-chosen. This paradoxical control caused conflict between bankers and their bodies, which bankers treated as unproblematic objects. The conflict generated dialectic change that cognitive control theories overlook because they neglect the body. Cognitive control theories predict outcomes only in bankers’ first three years, when the banks benefited from bankers’ hard work. Starting in year four, body breakdowns thwarted organizational control. Despite bankers’ increased attempts to control their bodies, performance declined. Starting in year six, intensified breakdowns forced some bankers to treat their bodies as knowledgeable subjects. Because the body cannot be socialized completely, it helped numerous bankers transcend the banks’ socialization and modify their behaviors. Surprisingly, the banks benefited from this loss of control because the bankers’ ethics, judgment, and creativity increased.
Release of the Guilty to Protect the Innocent

To test Blackstone's assertion that it is better that 10 guilty escape than 1 innocent person suffer, students in California (USA) and Estonia (part of the USSR at the time of the study) were questioned as to the number of guilty offenders whom they would allow to escape unpunished in order to keep one innocent person from going to jail. In both nations, the number of guilty to be released varied positively with sentence length for the innocent person. The rank order for seriousness of crimes appears to be different in the United States than in the Soviet Union. American law students showed more desire than American liberal arts students to protect the innocent.
Regulation of L-ascorbic acid content in strawberry fruits

Plants have several L-ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthetic pathways, but the contribution of each one to the synthesis of AsA varyies between different species, organs, and developmental stages. Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) fruits are rich in AsA. The pathway that uses D-galacturonate as the initial substrate is functional in ripe fruits, but the contribution of other pathways to AsA biosynthesis has not been studied. The transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes such as D-galacturonate reductase (FaGalUR) and myo-inositol oxygenase (FaMIOX), and the AsA recycling enzyme monodehydroascorbate reductase (FaMDHAR) were positively correlated with the increase in AsA during fruit ripening. Fruit storage for 72 h in a cold room reduced the AsA content by 30%. Under an ozone atmosphere, this reduction was 15%. Ozone treatment increased the expression of the FaGalUR, FaMIOX, and L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase (FaGIPP) genes, and transcription of the L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (FaGLDH) and FAMDHAR genes was higher in the ozone-stored than in the air-stored fruits. Analysis of AsA content in a segregating population from two strawberry cultivars showed high variability, which did not correlate with the transcription of any of the genes studied. Study of GalUR protein in diverse cultivars of strawberry and different Fragaria species showed that a correlation between GalUR and AsA content was apparent in most cases, but it was not general. Three alleles were identified in strawberry, but any sequence effect on the AsA variability was eliminated by analysis of the allele-specific expression. Taken together, these results indicate that FaGalUR shares the control of AsA levels with other enzymes and regulatory elements in strawberry fruit.
The Abolition of Man

Scepticism and fear about biotechnology is widespread. It takes two important literary forms, namely dystopias and jeremiads. Neither is compelling in itself, but together they provide a strong collection of arguments for great caution. The dystopias examined here range from Aldous Huxley′s Brave New World to o two recent novels by Margaret Atwood. The Jeremiads range from C. S. Lewis in 1942 to Habermas and Fukuyama.
Subordinates’ feedback-seeking behavior in supervisory relationships: A moderated mediation model of supervisor, subordinate, and dyadic characteristics

Abstract This study examines the mediating role of subordinates’ perceived cost of feedback-seeking, which operates contingently upon their self-monitoring and the credibility of leader as a feedback source in the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) quality and subordinates’ feedback-seeking behavior. The authors tested this moderated mediation model using reports from 217 subordinates employed in five large banking institutions in Korea. Results showed that the relationship between LMX quality and subordinates’ feedback-seeking behavior was mediated via the perceived cost of feedback-seeking only for subordinates with low self-monitoring and when leader credibility was low. This conditional indirect effect provides an integrated understanding of how supervisor, subordinate, and dyadic characteristics influence subordinates’ decision of whether to seek performance feedback.
Retailer, Manufacturers, and Individual Consumers: Modeling the Supply Side in the Ketchup Marketplace

The authors construct a model of the local ketchup market in a Texas city that accounts for household, manufacturer, and retailer decisions. That is, the model develops both demand and supply sides of the market. The authors model the demand side through a latent utility framework that allows for a no-purchase option. Accounting for both sides of the market enables the authors to check for any endogeneity problems on the demand side. They model the supply side through the profit-maximizing decisions of the manufacturers and a multiproduct retailer. Accounting for both the retailer and the manufacturer decisions enables the authors to evaluate the degree of manufacturer competition, retailer–manufacturer interactions, and retailer product-category pricing. Given the model assumptions and the market being studied, the authors find that not accounting for demand endogeneity can create bias in the estimation, the retailer seems to price below the static profit-maximizing prices for two of the three brands, and the inferred marginal wholesale prices are below the equilibrium uniform wholesale prices for two brands. The authors discuss the results with regard to channel bargaining, quantity discounts, and retailer category pricing.
Socioecological Models of Automotive Theft: Integrating Routine Activity and Social Disorganization Approaches

This study explores causes of variation in auto theft rates using spatial data with face blocks as a unit of analysis. An integration of routine activity theory and social disorganization theory is proposed, premised on an empirical basis of interaction effects and a pattern of automobile theft diffusion. The results show that the integration of social disorganization theory and routine activity theory significantly increases the predictive power of the analyses and reveals several new socioecological implications for how and why auto theft occurs.