Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent profiles of nurses’ subjective well‐being and its association with social support and professional self‐concept

Abstract Aim To identify latent profiles of nurses’ subjective well‐being (SWB) and explore its association with social support and professional self‐concept. Design This study used an online survey and cross‐sectional latent profile analysis design. Methods A total of 1009 nurses from 30 hospitals in Guangdong Province, China, were selected using convenience sampling. An online questionnaire survey comprising the following scales was distributed: Index of Well‐Being, Nurses’ Professional Self‐concept Questionnaire and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Nurses’ SWB was examined and categorized into profiles using nine Index of Well‐being items as explicit variables and ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to explore factors related to the distinct categories. Results Nurses’ SWB was divided into four latent profiles: extremely low, low, moderate and high. Regression analysis showed that social support and professional self‐concept influenced SWB. There were statistically significant differences in age, title, working years, social support and professional self‐concept among nurses in the different well‐being categories. Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that social support and professional self‐concept are associated with different SWB profiles.
A New Input Method for Human Translators: Integrating Machine Translation Effectively and Imperceptibly

Computer-aided translation (CAT) system is the most popular tool which helps human translators perform language translation efficiently. To further improve the efficiency, there is an increasing interest in applying the machine translation (MT) technology to upgrade CAT. Post-editing is a standard approach: human translators generate the translation by correcting MT outputs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach deeply integrating MT into CAT systems: a well-designed input method which makes full use of the knowledge adopted by MT systems, such as translation rules, decoding hypotheses and n-best translation lists. Our proposed approach allows human translators to focus on choosing better translation results with less time rather than just complete translation themselves. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our method saves more than 14% time and over 33% keystrokes, and it improves the translation quality as well by more than 3 absolute BLEU scores compared with the strong baseline, i.e., post-editing using Google Pinyin.
Option Pricing Kernels and the Icapm

We estimate the parameters of pricing kernels that depend on both aggregate wealth and state variables that describe the investment opportunity set, using FTSE 100 and S&P 500 index option returns as the returns to be priced. The coefficients of the state variables are highly significant and remarkably consistent across specifications of the pricing kernal, and across the two markets. The results provided further strong evidence, which is consistent with Merton's (1973a) Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model, that state variables in addition to market risk are priced.
Malignancy‐associated ischemic stroke: Implications for diagnostic and therapeutic workup

Abstract Background Patients with malignancies have an increased risk of suffering ischemic stroke via several mechanisms such as coagulation dysfunction and other malignancy‐related effects as well as iatrogenic causes. Moreover, stroke can be the first sign of an occult malignancy, termed as malignancy‐associated ischemic stroke (MAS). Therefore, timely diagnostic assessment and targeted management of this complex clinical situation are critical. Findings Patients with both stroke and malignancy have atypical ages, risk factors, and often exhibit malignancy‐related symptoms and multiple lesions on neuroimaging. New biomarkers such as eicosapentaenoic acid and blood mRNA profiles may help in distinguishing MAS from other strokes. In terms of treatment, malignancy should not be considered a contraindication, given comparable rates of recanalization and complications between stroke patients with or without malignancies. Conclusion In this review, we summarize the latest developments in diagnosing and managing MAS, especially stroke with occult malignancies, and provide new recommendations from recently emerged clinical evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic workup strategies.
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in 10 Regional Capitals of Cameroon, October–December 2020

ABSTRACT Background Cameroon was among the most affected African countries during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, the true prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains unknown. Methods From October to December 2020, we conducted a cross‐sectional, age‐stratified SARS‐CoV‐2 seroepidemiological survey at 30 purposively selected community‐based sites across Cameroon's 10 regional capitals, sampling 10,000 individuals aged 5 years or older. We employed a parallel SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing algorithm (WANTAI ELISA and Abbott Architect) to improve both the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of seroprevalence. Results The overall weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies across the 10 urban capitals of Cameroon was 10.5% (95% CI: 9.1%–12.0%) among participants aged ≥5 years. Of the 9332 participants, 730 males (13.1%, 95% CI: 11.5%–14.9%) had SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies compared to 293 females (8.0%, 95% CI: 6.8%—9.3%). Among those who reported a comorbidity at the time of testing, 15.8% (95% CI: 12.8%–19.4%) were seropositive. We estimated that over 2 million SARS‐CoV‐2 infections occurred in the 10 regional capitals of Cameroon between October and December 2020, compared to 21,160 cases officially reported at that time translating to one laboratory‐confirmed case being reported for every 110 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections across the 10 urban capitals. Conclusion This study's findings point to extensive and under‐reported circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Cameroon—an almost 100‐fold more cases compared to the number of cases reported to the World Health Organization. This finding highlights the importance of conducting serosurveys, especially in settings where access to testing may be limited and to repeat such surveys as part of pandemic tracking.
Transcriptional Organization of Genes for Protocatechuate and Quinate Degradation from Acinetobacter sp. Strain ADP1

ABSTRACT Quinate and protocatechuate are both abundant plant products and can serve, along with a large number of other aromatic or hydroaromatic compounds, as growth substrates for Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1. The respective genes are part of the chromosomal dca-pca-qui-pob-hca cluster encoding these pathways. The adjacent pca and qui gene clusters, which encode enzymes for protocatechuate breakdown via the β-ketoadipate pathway and for the conversion of quinate or shikimate to protocatechuate, respectively, have the same direction of transcription and are both expressed inducibly in response to protocatechuate. The pca genes are governed by the transcriptional activator-repressor PcaU. The mechanism governing qui gene expression was previously unknown. Here we report data suggesting the existence of a large 14-kb primary transcript covering the pca and qui genes. The area between the pca and qui genes contains no promoter activity, whereas a weak, constitutive promoter was identified upstream of quiA (quiAp). The 5′ end of the quiA transcript was mapped. Northern blot analysis allowed the identification of a 12-kb transcript spanning pcaI to quiX. An analysis of the pca and qui gene transcripts in a strain missing the structural gene promoter pcaIp led to the identification of two pcaIp-independent transcripts (4 and 2.4 kb). The 2.4-kb transcript makes up about 25% of the total transcript abundance of quiA, and thus the majority of transcription of the last gene of the area is also driven by pcaIp. This report strongly supports the organization of the pca and qui genes as a pca-qui operon and, furthermore, suggests that PcaU is the regulator governing its expression.
The interfacial structure and Young's modulus of peptide films having switchable mechanical properties

We report the structure and Young's modulus of switchable films formed by peptide self-assembly at the air–water interface. Peptide surfactant AM1 forms an interfacial film that can be switched, reversibly, from a high- to low-elasticity state, with rapid loss of emulsion and foam stability. Using neutron reflectometry, we find that the AM1 film comprises a thin (approx. 15 Å) layer of ordered peptide in both states, confirming that it is possible to drastically alter the mechanical properties of an interfacial ensemble without significantly altering its concentration or macromolecular organization. We also report the first experimentally determined Young's modulus of a peptide film self-assembled at the air–water interface (E=80 MPa for AM1, switching to E<20 MPa). These findings suggest a fundamental link between E and the macroscopic stability of peptide-containing foam. Finally, we report studies of a designed peptide surfactant, Lac21E, which we find forms a stronger switchable film than AM1 (E=335 MPa switching to E<4 MPa). In contrast to AM1, Lac21E switching is caused by peptide dissociation from the interface (i.e. by self-disassembly). This research confirms that small changes in molecular design can lead to similar macroscopic behaviour via surprisingly different mechanisms.
Characterization of the diversity of type IV secretion system-encoding plasmids in Acinetobacter

ABSTRACT The multi-drug resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii has gained global attention as an important clinical challenge. Owing to its ability to survive on surfaces, its capacity for horizontal gene transfer, and its resistance to front-line antibiotics, A. baumannii has established itself as a successful pathogen. Bacterial conjugation is a central mechanism for pathogen evolution. The epidemic multidrug-resistant A. baumannii ACICU harbours a plasmid encoding a Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) with homology to the E. coli F-plasmid, and plasmids with homologous gene clusters have been identified in several A. baumannii sequence types. However the genetic and host strain diversity, global distribution, and functional ability of this group of plasmids is not fully understood. Using systematic analysis, we show that pACICU2 belongs to a group of almost 120 T4SS-encoding plasmids within four different species of Acinetobacter and one strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae from human and environmental origin, and globally distributed across 20 countries spanning 4 continents. Genetic diversity was observed both outside and within the T4SS-encoding cluster, and 47% of plasmids harboured resistance determinants, with two plasmids harbouring eleven. Conjugation studies with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strain showed that the XDR plasmid could be successfully transferred to a more divergent A. baumanii, and transconjugants exhibited the resistance phenotype of the plasmid. Collectively, this demonstrates that these T4SS-encoding plasmids are globally distributed and more widespread among Acinetobacter than previously thought, and that they represent an important potential reservoir for future clinical concern.
PM 2.5 pollution in a megacity of southwest China: source apportionment and implication

Abstract. Daily PM2.5 (aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) samples were collected at an urban site in Chengdu, an inland megacity in southwest China, during four 1-month periods in 2011, with each period in a different season. Samples were subject to chemical analysis for various chemical components ranging from major water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), trace elements to biomass burning tracers, anhydrosugar levoglucosan (LG), and mannosan (MN). Two models, the ISORROPIA II thermodynamic equilibrium model and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were applied to explore the likely chemical forms of ionic constituents and to apportion sources for PM2.5. Distinctive seasonal patterns of PM2.5 and associated main chemical components were identified and could be explained by varying emission sources and meteorological conditions. PM2.5 showed a typical seasonality of waxing in winter and waning in summer, with an annual mean of 119 μg m−3. Mineral soil concentrations increased in spring, whereas biomass burning species elevated in autumn and winter. Six major source factors were identified to have contributed to PM2.5 using the PMF model. These were secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion, biomass burning, iron and steel manufacturing, Mo-related industries, and soil dust, and they contributed 37 ± 18, 20 ± 12, 11 ± 10, 11 ± 9, 11 ± 9, and 10 ± 12%, respectively, to PM2.5 masses on annual average, while exhibiting large seasonal variability. On annual average, the unknown emission sources that were not identified by the PMF model contributed 1 ± 11% to the measured PM2.5 mass. Various chemical tracers were used for validating PMF performance. Antimony (Sb) was suggested to be a suitable tracer of coal combustion in Chengdu. Results of LG and MN helped constrain the biomass burning sources, with wood burning dominating in winter and agricultural waste burning dominating in autumn. Excessive Fe (Ex-Fe), defined as the excessive portion in measured Fe that cannot be sustained by mineral dust, is corroborated to be a straightforward useful tracer of iron and steel manufacturing pollution. In Chengdu, Mo / Ni mass ratios were persistently higher than unity, and considerably distinct from those usually observed in ambient airs. V / Ni ratios averaged only 0.7. Results revealed that heavy oil fuel combustion should not be a vital anthropogenic source, and additional anthropogenic sources for Mo are yet to be identified. Overall, the emission sources identified in Chengdu could be dominated by local sources located in the vicinity of Sichuan, a result different from those found in Beijing and Shanghai, wherein cross-boundary transport is significant in contributing pronounced PM2.5. These results provided implications for PM2.5 control strategies.
Brown dwarfs and low-mass stars in the Pleiades and Praesepe: membership and binarity

We present near-infrared J-, H- and K-band photometry and optical spectroscopy of low-mass star and brown dwarf (BD) candidates in the Pleiades and Praesepe open clusters. We flag non-members from their position in K, I−K and J, J−K colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), and J−H, H−K two-colour diagrams. In general, the dust-free NextGen model isochrones of the Lyon Group fit the K, I−K CMDs well for stars with I−K∼ 1.5–3.5. However, Pleiades stars with K≃ 10.5–13 (MK≃ 5–7.5) are rather redder than the isochrones. We also identify this effect amongst αPer sources from the literature, but find no evidence of it for field stars from the literature. The NextGen isochrones fit the J, J−K CMDs of both clusters very well in this photometric range. It is possible that the I−K colour of youthful stars is affected by the presence of magnetic activity. The Lyon Group's Dusty isochrones fit both K, I−K and K, J−K Pleiades CMDs well for I−K≃ 4.3–6/J−K≃ 1.1–1.4. In between these colour ranges the Pleiades cluster sequence comprises three portions. Starting at the bluer side, there is a gap where very few sources are found (the gap size is ΔI∼ 0.5, ΔJ∼ΔK∼ 0.3), probably resulting from a sharp local drop in the magnitude–mass relation. Then the sequence is quite flat from I−K∼ 3.5–4. Finally, the sequence turns over and drops down to join the Dusty isochrone. We also compare model atmosphere colours to the two-colour diagrams of the clusters. The NextGen models are seen to be ∼0.1 too blue in H−K and ∼0.1 too red in J−H for Teff > 4000 K. However, they are in reasonable agreement with the data at Teff∼ 3200 K. For Teff∼ 2800–3150 K, the colours of Pleiades and Praesepe sources are significantly different, where Praesepe sources are ∼0.1 bluer in J−H and up to ∼0.1 redder in H−K. These differences could result from gravity-sensitive molecular opacities. Cooler Praesepe sources then agree well with the dusty models, suggesting that dust is beginning to form in Praesepe sources around 2500 K. However, Pleiades sources remain consistent with the NextGen models (and inconsistent with the dusty models) down to Teff values of ∼2000 K. It is possible that dust formation does not begin until lower Teff values in sources with lower surface gravities (and hence lower atmospheric pressures). We also identify unresolved binaries in both clusters, and estimate mass ratios (q) for Pleiades BDs. Most of these have q > 0.7, however, 3/18 appear to have lower q values. We determine the binary fraction (BF) for numerous mass ranges in each cluster, and find that it is generally rising towards lower masses. We find a BD BF of 50+11−10 per cent. We also find some evidence suggesting that the BF–q distribution is flat for 0.5–0.35 M⊙, in contrast to solar-type stars.
Wen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san attenuates kidney fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in mice

Renal fibrosis is highly implicated as a cause of chronic renal failure, for which suitable therapeutics have not yet been developed. Recently, it was reported that Wen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san (WHW) extract attenuates epithelial cells undergoing mesenchymal transition in cultured Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells. This study investigated whether WHW extract prevents renal fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. Ischemia/reperfusion resulted in kidney fibrosis at 14 days after the procedure. When WHW was administered orally to mice beginning from 2 days after the onset of ischemia until killing, the fibrosis was significantly reduced. WHW administration significantly prevented a post‐ischemic decrease of copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activities, leading to decreased lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production. In addition, WHW administration attenuated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and attenuated the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in the kidneys subjected to ischemia. In conclusion, WHW extract attenuated the renal fibrosis and the attenuation was associated with a reduction of oxidative stress and an inhibition of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38 and NF‐κB activation. WHW extract may be an attractive agent to attenuate the progression of fibrosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal Th1 Cell Differentiation and IFN-γ Production in T Lymphocytes from Motheaten Viable Mice Mutant for Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-11

Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) plays an important role in T and B lymphocyte signaling; however, the function of SHP-1 in Th cell differentiation, in particular, the Th1 response, has not been defined. In this study, we provide evidence that SHP-1 phosphatase negatively regulates Th1 cell development and IFN-γ production. Compared with the wild-type control, anti-CD3-activated mouse T lymphocytes carrying the motheaten viable mutation in the SHP-1 gene produced a significantly increased amount of IFN-γ in the presence of IL-12. This increase was also seen at the basal level without IL-12 addition. Similarly, Th1 cell differentiation and proliferation of anti-CD3-activated SHP-1 mutant lymph node cells in the presence or absence of IL-12 were markedly enhanced, indicating a negative role for SHP-1 phosphatase in such lymphocyte activities. Interestingly, IL-12-induced activation of Jak2 and STAT4, critical components for IL-12-mediated cellular responses, was shortened or attenuated in mutant T cells. Together these results suggest that SHP-1 negatively regulates Th1 cell development and functions through a mechanism that is not directly related to IL-12 signaling.
A mutation in the Bordetella bronchiseptica bvgS gene results in reduced virulence and increased resistance to starvation, and identifies a new class of Bvg‐regulated antigens

The Bordetella BvgAS signal‐transduction system has traditionally been viewed as mediating a transition between two distinct phenotypic phases: the Bvg+ phase, characterized by the expression of adhesins and toxins, and the Bvg− phase, characterized by motility in Bordetella bronchiseptica and by the expression of vrg loci in Bordetella pertussis. In B. bronchiseptica, the Bvg+ phase is necessary and sufficient for respiratory tract colonization whereas the Bvg− phase is required for growth under nutrient‐limiting conditions. This report describes the characterization of a mutant that is locked in a Bvg‐intermediate (Bvgi) phase. The mutation conferring this phenotype, designated bvgS‐I1, results in a threonine‐to‐methionine substitution near the primary site of phosphorylation in BvgS. Compared to its Bvg+‐phase‐locked parent, the Bvgi mutant displays increased resistance to nutrient limitation and reduced virulence. Molecular analyses indicate that the mutant has lost the ability to express a subset of Bvg+‐phase factors and has gained the ability to express factors unique to the Bvgi phase. Although identified by mutation, this work indicates that the Bvgi phase is expressed by wild‐type B. bronchiseptica in response to certain (semi‐modulating) environmental conditions. The identification of Bvgi‐specific antigens suggests the existence of a new class of Bvg‐regulated genes. We hypothesize that BvgAS is capable of mediating the expression of a spectrum of phenotypic phases in response to the various environments encountered as Bordetella travels within and between mammalian hosts.
Infant Non-Secretor Histoblood Group Antigen Phenotype Reduces Susceptibility to Both Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Rotavirus Infection

The infant non-secretor histoblood group antigen phenotype is associated with reduced risk of symptomatic rotavirus diarrhea, one of the leading global causes of severe pediatric diarrheal disease and mortality. However, little is known regarding the role of secretor status in asymptomatic rotavirus infections. Therefore, we performed a nested case–control study within a birth cohort study previously conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to determine the association between infant secretor phenotype and the odds of asymptomatic rotavirus infection, in addition to the risk of rotavirus diarrhea, in unvaccinated infants. In the parent cohort, infants were enrolled in the first week of life and followed through the first two years of life with multiple clinic visits and active surveillance for diarrheal illness. Secretor phenotyping was performed on saliva. Eleven surveillance stools collected over the first year of life were tested for rotavirus by real-time RT-PCR, followed by conventional PCR and amplicon sequencing to identify the infecting P-type of positive specimens. Similar to findings for symptomatic diarrhea, infant non-secretors experienced significantly fewer primary episodes of asymptomatic rotavirus infection through the first year of life in a likely rotavirus P-genotype-dependent manner. These data suggest that non-secretors experienced reduced risk from rotavirus due to decreased susceptibility to infection rather than reduced infection severity.
Precursory accelerating seismic moment release (AMR) in a synthetic seismicity catalog: A preliminary study

A power‐law like acceleration of seismic moment release (AMR) has been proposed as a precursor to large earthquakes. Because of problems with real‐world data, we have used a synthetic seismicity model of 256 interacting faults embedded in a 3‐D elastic half‐space to search for periods of AMR preceding the largest events (Mw ∼ 7.1). In only 5 of 18 cases does the AMR model fit the data significantly better than a linear moment release, and then only weakly so. This proportion, or higher, occurs in 8% of 1000 randomized catalogs. We conclude that either AMR is unlikely to be a common precursor, or that factors contributing to the AMR pattern in the real world are missing from the synthetic model.