Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and origin of the germline stem cells as revealed by the expression of nanos‐related gene in planarians

The planarian's remarkable regenerative ability is thought to be supported by the stem cells (neoblasts) found throughout its body. Here we report the identification of a subpopulation of neoblasts, which was revealed by the expression of the nanos‐related gene of the planarian Dugesia japonica, termed Djnos. Djnos‐expressing cells in the asexual planarian were distributed to the prospective ovary or testes forming region in the sexual planarian. During sexualization, Djnos‐expressing cells produce germ cells, suggesting that in the asexual state these cells were kept as germline stem cells for the oogonia and spermatogonia. Interestingly, the germline stem cells were indistinguishable from the neoblasts by morphology and X‐ray sensitivity and did not seem to contribute to the regeneration at all. Germline stem cells initially appear in the growing infant planarian, suggesting that germline stem cells are separated from somatic stem cells in the planarian. Thus, planarian neoblasts can be classified into two groups; somatic stem cells for regeneration and tissue renewal, and germline stem cells for production of germ cells during sexualization. However, Djnos‐positive cells appeared in the newly formed trunk region from the head piece, suggesting that somatic stem cells can convert to germline stem cells.
“It Seems That Things Take Care of Themselves”: Routines in Busy Family Lives

In this study we analyze how 15 working mothers talk about the ways in which routines contribute to sustaining the accomplishment of their domestic work. In particular, we analyze the routines’ function of coordinating multiple lines of activity, their property of anticipating the unexpected and incorporating alternative responses, and their character of being a local resource for practical thinking and action. We then discuss the role that moral personal positioning and ideologies of parenthood, time management, and efficiency might have in accounting for the variety and diversification of routines among families.
Integrating Waterborne Disease Modeling in a Participatory Approach to Tackle Schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso

The Sustainable Development Goals charge the global community to end poverty, ensure healthy lives and grant access to water and sanitation within 2030. Waterborne diseases, with a global footprint, a significant health burden, and complex transmission cycles, lie at the nexus of these challenges, especially in those areas where the population’s livelihood depends on water resources. We study a tropical neglected and waterborne disease, schistosomiasis, of great public health importance in Burkina Faso. Moving beyond our cutting-edge modeling of the ecohydrological controls of the disease, we propose a vision through a participatory approach that includes social aspects in our mathematical model to study the disease in a rural Sahelian village. Our participatory approach aligns our research objectives with local challenges in water resources management including waterborne diseases. Our results suggest that although the community depends on a small reservoir for subsistence agriculture, it is the culprit for schistosomiasis infections because it causes behavioral changes, in addition to providing favorable habitats for the snail intermediate hosts of the parasite. Through our participatory research process, we lay the foundation for an early warning and surveillance-response tool which will: 1) provide valuable support to public health authorities, 2) enhance capacities of all local stakeholders and 3) be adaptable to other diseases and settings across sub-Saharan Africa.
A Rhabdomyosarcoma Arising in the Larynx of a Dog

A neoplastic nodular lesion, 2 × 3 cm in diameter, was found in the larynx of a 6-year-old spayed female dog. The tumor was ill-circumscribed, consisting histologically of large round cells with abundant cytoplasm interspersed with small round cells with less cytoplasm and occasional multinucleated cells (myotubes). Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for myoglobin, desmin and vimentin in varying degrees, but negative for S-100 protein, GFAP or cytokeratin. Cytoplasmic myofilaments/myofibrils with a dense Z-line-like structure were seen, the fine structures of which were complemented by PTAH stain. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a rhabdomyosarcoma, a very rare tumor in the larynx of dogs.
The effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women with diabetes are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Combined continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with improvements in serum lipoprotein levels in nondiabetic women; however, the effect in women with diabetes has not been determined. We evaluated the effect of combined continuous HRT on lipoprotein and coagulation factor concentrations and glycemic control in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In a randomized controlled crossover study, 61 subjects received combined continuous HRT or placebo. Each treatment phase was of 6 months' duration, with an 8-week washout phase between treatment phases. RESULTS Total cholesterol concentration decreased by 7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4%-11%) during HRT. For low-density lipoprotein concentration, the mean decrease with HRT was 12% (95% CI, 6%-17%). Apolipoprotein B levels decreased in keeping with the reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. There were no significant changes in concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, its subfractions, or triglycerides. Lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen concentrations were reduced by 21% (95% CI, 10%-31%) and 8% (95% CI, 2%-13%), respectively, with HRT. Fructosamine concentrations declined by 5% (95% CI, 2%-9%) during HRT. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined continuous HRT has beneficial effects on lipoprotein concentrations and improves some markers of coagulation and glycemic control.
Challenging the youth policy imperative: engaging young people through the arts

This paper challenges the orientations and assumptions underpinning policies for disadvantaged young people (DYP) in Australia. We argue that policy interventions for young people generally exhibit a binary divide, some policies fostering leadership and creative endeavours targeted on ‘high-functioning’ young people, especially within educational and arts milieus, while other policies, focusing on DYP, take a remedial orientation. The basis for this binary divide is, we argue, flawed social constructions of young people, constructions that pathologise or privilege behaviours, attitudes and lifestyles. The consequences for DYP are that remedial policies, designed to get and keep young people ‘on track’, are often ignoring deeper developmental needs. Using recent research findings from arts programmes for young people, the paper argues for a broader policy orientation, including developmental needs, to strengthen remedial policies and programmes and open the potential for pathways to resilience.
Thromboembolic complications after splenectomy for hematologic diseases

Thromboembolic complications following splenectomy for hematologic diseases occur in up to 10% of patients and may range from portal vein thrombosis (PVT) to pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Up to now there exist no recommendations for the duration and intensity of prophylactic anticoagulation, which usually follows local institutional protocols. We report on three consecutive patients with severe portal vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism—one with fatal outcome—7 to 35 days after splenectomy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immunothrombocytopenia, and indolent lymphoma, respectively. Incidence and pathophysiology of thromboembolic events (TE) in this patient group as well as prophylactic anticoagulation will be discussed, including a review of the current literature on this topic. Am. J. Hematol. 76:143–147, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distributed Averaging Using Compensation

In a sensor network of n nodes, each node i is assigned with a time-dependent scalar state x<sub>i</sub>(t) and is able to exchange information with a certain number of other nodes called its neighbor nodes. The distributed averaging algorithm is to drive each x<sub>i</sub>(t), 1≤ i≤ n, to converge to 1/nΣ<sub>i=1</sub><sup>n</sup> x<sub>i</sub>(0), the average of the initial state values of all nodes, only by communication between each node and its neighbor nodes. This paper proposes a new request-based distributed averaging protocol using the idea of compensation, in which at each time t each node i first updates its state to a weighted average of its own current state x<sub>i</sub>(t) and the current states of some neighbor nodes and then compensates its updated value by the change in the sums, before and after the update, of the states of all the nodes involved. It is proved that the proposed protocol drives all the x<sub>i</sub>(t) to converge to 1/nΣ<sub>i=1</sub><sup>n</sup> x<sub>i</sub>(0). Simulations on random networks are also provided to show that this new protocol converges much faster and consumes less energy than the deterministic gossiping protocol in [1].
Migration of Jupiter‐Family Comets and Resonant Asteroids to Near‐Earth Space

Abstract: The orbital evolution of about 26,000 Jupiter‐crossing objects and 1,500 resonant asteroids under the gravitationa influence of planets was investigated. The rate of their collisions with terrestrial planets was estimated by computing the probabilities of collisions based on random‐phase approximations and the orbital elements sampled with a 500 yr step. The Bulirsh‐Stoer and a symplectic orbit integrator gave similar results for orbital evolution, but sometimes give different collision probabilities with the Sun. For orbits close to that of Comet 2P, the mean collision probabilities of Jupiter‐crossing objects with terrestrial planets were greater by two orders of magnitude than for some other comets. For initial orbital elements close to those of Comets 2P, 10P, 44P, and 113P, a few objects (about 0.1%) entered Earth‐crossing orbits with semi‐major axes a < 2 AU and aphelion distances Q < 4.2 AU, and moved in such orbits for more than 1 Myr (up to tens or even hundreds of Myr). Some of them even got inner‐Earth orbits (Q < 0.983 AU) and Aten orbits. A few comets achieve typical asteroidal orbits for hundreds of Myr. Most former trans‐Neptunian objects that have typical near‐Earth object orbits moved in such orbits for millions of years; thus, during most of this time they were extinct comet, if they did not disintegrate.
Assessment of Cell Proliferation in Benign, Premalignant and Malignant Skin Lesions

A deeper understanding of the variance of epidermal cell proliferation may eventually increase the reproducibility of diagnostic classification. A prospective study of 46 consecutive, unselected biopsies from benign (keratoacanthoma n=14), premalignant (actinic keratosis n=15 and Bowen disease n=10) and malignant (squamous cell carcinoma n=7) skin lesions was studied to assess the presence and extent of differences in expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 using a monoclonal antibody directed against a c-DNA defined subsegment (MIB-1) and a noncross-linking, proprietary fixative BoonFix. MIB-1 was expressed in the adjacent, non-affected skin in a scattered to confluent linear pattern in the basal/suprabasal cell layer. In actinic keratosis, MIB-1 expression, in addition to basal/suprabasal layers, extended to mid-zones of the epidermis. An interesting feature in actinic keratosis as well as in Bowen disease was the expression of MIB-1 in the epithelium lining the hair follicles. In Bowen disease, MIB-1 was observed throughout the full thickness of the epidermis, unequivocally separating this entity from others under study. In invasive squamous cell carcinoma, MIB-1 expression was not consistent between and within cases. MIB-1 positivity was variably found in all layers of the epidermis, but showed a chaotic and haphazard pattern with total loss of polarity. Keratoacanthoma cases showed highly variable MIB-1 expression, ranging from no expression to expression in both basal/suprabasal and mid-zone layers of the epidermis. These results warrant further study of modulation of cell proliferation in actinic keratosis.
Predicting HIV risk using a locus of control-based model among university students

Objective: The purpose of the study was to predict HIV risk using a locus of control-based intervention. The locus of control-based variables that were used in this study were social systems control, self-control, fatalism and achievement-oriented behaviour. The study sample was made up of 257 university students whose ages ranged from 17–20 years. All the students were black. Method: The study assessed participants’ perceived health control perceptions using Rotter's locus of control scale, social systems control scale, self-control scale, fatalism scale, the intellectual responsibility questionnaire and HIV risk assessment questionnaire. The study performed correlational and linear regression analyses using statistical software SAS to establish the relationship between locus of control-based factors and HIV risk. Results: The results showed significant correlations between locus of control-based variables and HIV risk. The locus of control-based model significantly predicted variance in HIV risk. Conclusion: Directions for future research on the relationship between locus of control-based interventions and HIV risk could focus on the development of locus of control-based HIV risk reduction interventions in South African universities.
Membrane potential modulates inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐mediated Ca2+ transients in guinea‐pig coronary myocytes.

1. Vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated from the coronary artery of the guinea‐pig. At 2.5 mM [Ca2+]o and 36 degrees C, whole cell membrane currents were recorded under voltage‐clamp and the concentration of ionized calcium in the cytoplasm ([Ca2+]i) was monitored by indo‐1 fluorescence. 2. At ‐60 mV, [Ca2+]i was 143 +/‐ 36 mM (mean +/‐ S.D.) and was insensitive to clamp steps to +100 mV. During 1 min application of acetylcholine (ACh, 10 microM) [Ca2+]i increased within approximately 2 s to 1480 +/‐ 250 nM. During the subsequent slow decay, [Ca2+]i was transiently increased by depolarizing clamp steps and decreased during hyperpolarizing steps. [Ca2+]i transients in response to caffeine (10 mM) could not be modulated by voltage steps. The results suggest that modulation of [Ca2+]i by membrane potential involves inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3)‐induced Ca2+ release (IICR). 3. Modulation of IICR by membrane potential did not depend on sarcolemmal Ca2+ fluxes; it persisted after block of sarcolemmal Ca2+ fluxes with 3 mM lanthanum or after a change to nominally Ca(2+)‐free bathing solutions. 4. Modulation of [Ca2+]i by membrane potential was recorded during cell dialysis of 50 microM GTP‐gamma‐S in the absence of ACh. Cell dialysis of exogenous Ins(1,4,5)P3 (50 or 100 microM) did not mimic the effects. The sensitivity of [Ca2+]i to depolarizing clamp steps was also induced by cell dialysis of lithium ions which, presumably, inhibited the breakdown of Ins(1,4,5)P3. The results are compatible with the idea that the membrane potential modulates the liberation of Ins(1,4,5)P3. 5. Modulation of IICR by membrane potential is discussed as a new mechanism that contributes to the regulation of activator calcium and to the modulation of contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Anesthesia-related Cardiac Arrest

Background:Much is still unknown about the actual incidence of anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in the United States. Methods:The authors identified all of the cases of cardiac arrest from their quality improvement database from 1999 to 2009 and submitted them for review by an independent study commission to give them the best estimate of anesthesia-related cardiac arrest at their institution. One hundred sixty perioperative cardiac arrests within 24 h of surgery were identified from an anesthesia database of 217,365 anesthetics. An independent study commission reviewed all case abstracts to determine which cardiac arrests were anesthesia-attributable or anesthesia-contributory. Anesthesia-attributable cardiac arrests were those cases in which anesthesia was determined to be the primary cause of cardiac arrest. Anesthesia-contributory cardiac arrests were those cases where anesthesia was determined to have contributed to the cardiac arrest. Results:Fourteen cardiac arrests were anesthesia-attributable, resulting in an incidence of 0.6 per 10,000 anesthetics (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.1). Twenty-three cardiac arrests were found to be anesthesia-contributory resulting in an incidence of 1.1 per 10,000 anesthetics (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.6). Sixty-four percent of anesthesia-attributable cardiac arrests were caused by airway complications that occurred primarily with induction, emergence, or in the postanesthesia care unit, and mortality was 29%. Anesthesia-contributory cardiac arrest occurred during all phases of the anesthesia, and mortality was 70%. Conclusion:As judged by an independent study commission, anesthesia-related cardiac arrest occurred in 37 of 160 cardiac arrests within the 24-h perioperative period.
A Theory of Fraud and Over-Consumption in Experts Markets

Consumers often have to rely on an expert's diagnosis to assess their needs. If the expert is also the seller of services, he may use his informational advantage to induce over-consumption. Empirical evidence suggests that over-consumption is a pervasive phenomenon in experts markets. We prove the existence of equilibrium over-consumption in an otherwise purely competitive model. This market failure results from the freedom of consumers to turn down an expert's recommendation: experts defraud consumers in order to keep them uninformed, as this deters them from seeking a better price elsewhere. Our model also yields predictions on the diagnosis price that are in line with stylized facts, and provides a theory for why risk-neutral consumers would demand extended warranties on durables.
Measuring People Intensively

An overview is provided of measures that are administered repeatedly in daily life. Variations of thismethodology have been referred to as ecological momentary assessment, diary methods, daily processmeasures, and most broadly as intensive repeated measures in naturalistic settings (IRM-NS). Contrastsare drawn between IRM-NS methods on the basis of different sampling strategies, such as time-contingent recording, signal-contingent recording, and event-contingent recording. Common threats tothe internal validity, construct validity, and external validity of IRM-NS measures are reviewed, alongwith ways to reduce these threats. The statistical analysis of IRM-NS data is considered, with a particularfocus on the investigation of intraindividual variability. An extended example is provided of an IRM-NSmeasure, an event-contingent recording method for the assessment of interpersonal behaviour.Keywords: ecological momentary assessment, daily diary methods, naturalistic assessments, IRM-NSvalidity, IRM-NS reliability
“And I Think That Is a Very Straightforward Way of Dealing With It”

This contribution examines the distribution and communicative function of cognitive verbs in political discourse, giving particular attention to their impact on the expression of commitment. From a semantic viewpoint, cognitive verbs are seen as a means of subjectification expressing the speaker's attitude towards proposition and force whereas, from a discursive perspective, they are assigned the status of multifunctional devices expressing different types and different degrees of commitment. Part I analyzes the semantics and pragmatics of cognitive verbs, in particular those of think. Part II examines their particularized form and function in political discourse, accommodating both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. It shows that cognitive verbs tend to co-occur with other linguistic devices expressing commitment, thus illustrating their fine-grained interplay in the presentation of the political agent. The particularized use of cognitive verbs is assigned the status of a contextualization device, inviting the addressees to adopt the speaker's perspective and interpret a communicative contribution accordingly.
Terapia fonológica: a generalização a itens não utilizados no tratamento (outras palavras)

PURPOSE: to check the generalization to non used items during treatment (other words) obtained in the three different models of therapy in subjects with different degrees of phonological disorder severity. METHODS: the studied group was composed by twenty-one subjects, eleven males and ten females, with average age when of the beginning of treatment 5:7. Speech data were analyzed through the performance of the phonological assessment. After the phonological assessment, the percentage of correct consonants proposed by Shriberg & Kwiatkowski (1982) was calculated and the subjects were then classified in the degrees of phonological disorder severity: severe, moderate-severe, mild-moderate and mild disorder. Six subjects were submitted to the Modified Cycles Model, eight to the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model and seven to the Modified Maximum Opposition Model. A comparison was made on the generalization to non used items during treatment (other words) among three models of therapy within each degree of phonological disorder severity. RESULTS: Among the subjects with severe, moderate-severe and mild disorder, three subjects that presented the major generalization to non used items during treatment, all treated with ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model. Of the subjects with mild-moderate disorder, were treated with the Modified Maximum Opposition Model those that showed the major generalization. CONCLUSION: all the subjects showed gains in the phonological system and as for the generalization to non used items during treatment (other words), but ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes and Modified Maximum Opposition Models were more effective.