Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity Across Cultures: Multiple National Identities and Multiple Value Systems

When we ask ourselves the question ‘Who am I? ’, we usually utilize various self-descriptions through which we defined ourselves in the past. Those self-definitions may depend on group memberships, roles and social categories such as culture or religion. We were interested in the question of whether people with dual national identities associate distinct national value systems with each of those identities. In particular, we had focused on first and second generation Asian-Canadians and tested the hypothesis that distinct value systems are linked to each of one’s two national identities. Participants of South-East and East Asian origin or descent completed Schwartz’s (1992) value survey, once as Asians and once as Canadians. The participants revealed discrepancies in how they ranked the value types when instructed to do so as Canadians and as Asians. Specifically, the value types of universalism, self-direction, hedonism and stimulation were rated as significantly more important when participants were responding as Canadians, and the value types of conformity and tradition were rated significantly higher when the same participants were responding as Asians. These results are consistent with the results of other research that compares separate samples in Asia and in the West. But, the present research is fairly unusual in its examination and demonstration of separate value systems within individuals who have two national identities. The implications of having separate value systems associated with each of one’s national identities for the interplay between self-identification and culture and for value theory are discussed.
Parameters affecting the fusion of unilamellar phospholipid vesicles with planar bilayer membranes

It was previously shown (Cohen, F. S., J. Zimmerberg, and A. Finkelstein, 1980, J. Gen. Physiol., 75:251-270) that multilamellar phospholipid vesicles can fuse with decane-containing phospholipid bilayer membranes. An essential requirement for fusion was an osmotic gradient across the planar membrane, with the vesicle-containing (cis) side hyperosmotic with respect to the opposite (trans) side. We now report that unilamellar vesicles will fuse with "hydrocarbon-free" membranes subject to these same osmotic conditions. Thus the same conditions that apply to fusion of multilamellar vesicles with planar bilayer membranes also apply to fusion of unilamellar vesicles with these membranes, and hydrocarbon is not required for the fusion process. If the vesicles and/or planar membrane contain negatively charged lipids, divalent cation (approximately 15 mM Ca++) is required in the cis compartment (in addition to the osmotic gradient across the membrane) to obtain substantial fusion rates. On the other hand, vesicles made from uncharged lipids readily fuse with planar phosphatidylethanolamine planar membranes in the near absence of divalent cation with just an osmotic gradient. Vesicles fuse much more readily with phosphatidylethanolamine-containing than with phosphatidylcholine-containing planar membranes. Although hydrocarbon (decane) is not required in the planar membrane for fusion, it does affect the rate of fusion and causes the fusion process to be dependent on stirring in the cis compartment.
Social Support from Parents, Friends, Classmates, and Teachers in Children and Adolescents Aged 9 to 18 Years: Who Is Perceived as Most Supportive?

Age and gender differences in perceived social support from parents, friends, classmates, and teachers were investigated in 304 boys and 351 girls aged 9-18 years. The social support scale for children and adolescents was used for this purpose. Analyses showed that the level of perceived social support from parents and friends was similar across age groups. The study of the prominence of social support sources showed that parents and friends were perceived as equally supportive; only for the ages 16-18 years did friend support exceed parent support. Support from teachers was lower in the older age groups, and this was related to the transition from primary to secondary school. Finally, girls perceived more support from teachers, classmates and friends than boys did.
Melatonin Prevents Mitochondrial Damage Induced by Doxorubicin in Mouse Fibroblasts Through Ampk-Ppar Gamma-Dependent Mechanisms

Background Doxorubicin (brand name: Adriamycin®) is used to treat solid tissue cancer but it also affects noncancerous tissues. Its mechanism of cytotoxicity is probably related to increased oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Melatonin is reported to have antiapoptotic and antioxidative effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin would counteract in vitro cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in mouse fibroblasts and determine the pathway of its action against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Material/Methods We measured markers of apoptosis (cytochrome-c, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptotic cell number) and oxidative stress (total oxidant and antioxidant status) and calculated oxidant stress index in 4 groups of fibroblasts: controls, melatonin-treated, doxorubicin-treated, and fibroblasts concomittantly treated with a combination of melatonin and doxorubicin. Results Melatonin given with doxorubicin succesfully countered apoptosis generated by doxorubicin alone, which points to its potential as a protective agent against cell death in doxorubicin chemotherapy. This also implies that patients should be receiving doxorubicin treatment when their physiological level of melatonin is at its highest, which is early in the morning. Conclusions This physiological level may not be high enough to overcome doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress, but adjuvant melatonin treatment may improve quality of life. Further research is needed to verify our findings.
Adaptation Strategies of Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Despite the strong implications for rehabilitation design, the capability of individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to adapt and store novel gait patterns have not been well studied. Purpose: To investigate how reconstructive surgery may affect the ability to adapt and store novel gait patterns in persons with ACLR while walking on a split-belt treadmill. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Gait adaptation was compared between 20 participants with ACLR and 20 healthy controls during split-belt treadmill walking. Gait adaptation was assessed in slow- and fast-adapting parameters by (1) the magnitude of symmetry during late adaptation and (2) the amount of the asymmetry during de-adaptation. Results: Healthy individuals adapted a new walking pattern and stored the new walking pattern equally in both the dominant and nondominant limbs. Conversely, individuals with ACLR displayed impairments in both slow-adapting and fast-adapting derived gait adaptation and significant differences in behavior between the reconstructed and uninjured limb. Conclusion: While surgical reconstruction and physical therapy are aimed at improving mechanical stability to the knee, the study data suggest that fundamental features of motor control remain altered. After ACLR, participants display an altered ability to learn and store functional gait patterns.
Pathways back to work for problem alcohol users

The relationship between alcohol misuse, employment and unemployment is complex. Alcohol misuse is correlated with a range of other problems, including, for example, drug misuse, mental health problems and social deprivation. Together these can be a barrier to accessing and sustaining employment. The aim of this study was to explore these issues with a sample of adults in the UK who were currently accessing treatment for an alcohol problem. The study involved a systematic literature review followed by qualitative research with 53 treatment service clients and 12 professionals across 5 research sites in England, Scotland and Wales. The findings focus on the main facilitators and barriers, both individual and organisational, for returning to work identified by interviewees. Some of the facilitators and barriers identified were similar to those described in the literature for other groups of unemployed adults. Others were more specific to alcohol misusers; for example, the stigma experienced by interviewees as a result of the views of others regarding substance misuse, the nature of recovery from addiction and the challenges posed by the prevalence of coexisting mental and physical health problems. Despite the problems faced by many of the study participants, however, the majority were eager to return to work, and this desire to gain employment is discussed in the context of ongoing welfare reform in the UK.
Self-Schema and Attributions for an Exercise Lapse

Undergraduate exerciser schematics (n = 115) and aschematics (n = 41) described the circumstances surrounding their most recent lapses in exercising and in telephoning friends and family, and the reason(s) for each lapse. They then rated those reasons in regard to their stability, locus of causality, and globality. Participants also completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire (Peterson et al., 1982). Results revealed that aschematics made more stable attributions for an exercise lapse than did schematics. However, the 2 groups did not differ in either the stability of their attributions for a telephoning lapse or their attributional style for negative events; these data ruled out the possibility that attributional differences for exercise lapses were due to differences in attributional style.
Suicidal ideation in adolescents: Psychometric properties of the suicidal ideation questionnaire in a clinical sample.

The psychometric properties of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ; W.M. Reynolds, 1987) were evaluated in a clinical sample of adolescents ages 13-18 years identified as suicide ideators (n = 67), attempters (n = 88), and psychiatric controls (n = 71). Results indicate that the SIQ is an internally consistent measure of 1 primary dimension of suicidal cognition and that it differentiates between hospitalized suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents and those with and without mood disorders. Critical items indicating specific suicidal cognitions were empirically identified, and a cutoff score of 20 was found to have optimal clinical utility. The SIQ appears to be a sound measure for clinical and research assessment of suicidal cognition in adolescents.
The Multidimensionality of Verbal Analogy Items

The influence of general and verbal ability on each of 72 verbal analogy test items were investigated with new factor analytical techniques. The analogy items together with the Computerized Swedish Enlistment Battery (CAT-SEB) were given randomly to two samples of 18-year-old male conscripts (n = 8566 and n = 5289). Thirty-two of the 72 items had loadings ≥ 0.50 on a general factor (G) and 22 items had loadings ≥ 0.25 on a verbal factor (Gc′). Replicated measures showed a good reliability for the G loadings (r = .86), while the Gc′ loadings had lower reliability (r = .66). All 14 items loading high on G and low on Gc′ included well-known everyday words, while the four items with high loadings on Gc′ and relatively low loadings on G were infrequent words.
Enhancing student research through a virtual participatory action research project: Student benefits and administrative challenges

Can graduate students in a distance learning environment gain meaningful research experience through a virtual participatory action research project? The answer is an emphatic ‘yes. ’ The purpose of this article is twofold: to demonstrate how and to what extent graduate students can gain research experience through participation with alumni and faculty in an action research project, and to examine administrative issues arising from adhering to the democratic participatory action research process under virtual constraints. Project success is determined through documents produced by participants in the Faculty-Student Mentoring Project and from two focus group evaluations held via conference calls. The data demonstrated that the students and alumni increased their research skills, used their skills and knowledge in other courses and their dissertations, presented, and published. The university gained valuable information. The democratic participatory aspect of action research and the virtual environment created administrative challenges such as scheduling and workload issues. Recommendations include: screening volunteers to determine their levels of expertise and commitment; providing time for participants to get to know each other and the technology at the outset of the project; setting expectations for participation; sharing the project management; and anticipating more time for virtual than face-to-face research.
Natural human-robot interaction using speech, head pose and gestures

In this paper we present our ongoing work in building technologies for natural multimodal human-robot interaction. We present our systems for spontaneous speech recognition, multimodal dialogue processing and visual perception of a user, which includes the recognition of pointing gestures as well as the recognition of a person's head orientation. Each of the components is described in the paper and experimental results are presented. In order to demonstrate and measure the usefulness of such technologies for human-robot interaction, all components have been integrated on a mobile robot platform and have been used for real-time human-robot interaction in a kitchen scenario.
From Questions to Answers: Reviewing Organizational Learning Research

Prior reviews of organizational learning (OL) have noted an exponential growth in the literature through the 1990s and have expressed concerns about the lack of empirical research. In this paper, we review the literature published during the period 1990-2002 and take stock of the state of empirical research in OL. Based on the 123 articles reviewed, we note a phenomenal growth in empirical research and the emergence of a learning perspective. We discuss key research findings pertaining to internal and external learning, and the facilitators of organizational learning. We discuss the implications of the empirical research and suggest directions for future research.
Novel Use of Erbium: YAG (2,940‐nm) Laser for Fractional Ablative Photothermolysis in the Treatment of Photodamaged Facial Skin A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND The use of CO2 or conventional erbium laser ablation or more recent nonablative laser photothermolysis for skin rejuvenation is associated with significant disadvantages. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the efficacy of the erbium: YAG laser (2,940 nm) using the “ablative” fractional resurfacing mode to improve photodamaged skin. METHODS A total of 28 patients, 27 women and 1 man, aged 28 to 72 years (mean age, 54.2 years), with Fitzpatrick Skin Types II to IV, were treated for mild to moderate actinic damage using fractional erbium: YAG laser (2,940 nm) combined with Pixel technology. Sessions were scheduled at 4-week intervals. Response to treatment was evaluated by two physicians on a five-tiered scale. RESULTS Patients underwent one to four treatment sessions (mean, 3.2). The initial reaction consisted of erythema and minimal swelling. On clinical assessment 2 months after the final treatment, the results were rated excellent by 21 patients (75%) and good by 7 (25%). Nineteen of the 21 were also evaluated 6 to 9 months after final treatment without any significant change in the results. CONCLUSIONS Fractional ablative photothermolysis using erbium:YAG laser (2,940 nm) is a promising option for skin resurfacing with reduced risk and downtime compared to existing laser methods.
Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects we.
A tutorial of wind turbine control for supporting grid frequency through active power control

As wind energy becomes a larger portion of the world's energy portfolio and wind turbines become larger and more expensive, wind turbine control systems play an ever more prominent role in the design and deployment of wind turbines. The goals of traditional wind turbine control systems are maximizing energy production while protecting the wind turbine components. As more wind generation is installed there is an increasing interest in wind turbines actively controlling their power output in order to meet power setpoints and to participate in frequency regulation for the utility grid. This capability will be beneficial for grid operators, as it seems possible that wind turbines can be more effective at providing some of these services than traditional power plants. Furthermore, establishing an ancillary market for such regulation can be beneficial for wind plant owner/operators and manufacturers that provide such services. In this tutorial paper we provide an overview of basic wind turbine control systems and highlight recent industry trends and research in wind turbine control systems for grid integration and frequency stability.
Social Information-Processing Skills and Aggression

This article describes the findings from an efficacy trial of a school-based, universal prevention program designed to reduce aggressive behavior of by strengthening emotion regulation and social information-processing (SIP) skills. Three cohorts of third graders (N = 479) participated in this study. The first cohort participated in the Making Choices (MC) program, a second cohort participated in the Making Choices Plus (MC+) program, and a third (lagged) cohort received the standard health education curriculum. Pretest to posttest changes suggest both programs were associated with reduced levels of aggression and improved SIP skills. Gender-moderating effects were observed—boys displayed significant reductions in aggressive behavior and significant increases in positive social goals, whereas girls’ aggressive behaviors and social goals showed no significant changes.
When you’re down and troubled: Views on the regulatory power of music

This study examined people’s beliefs about the impact of music on the regulation of a bad mood. Participants ranging from 24 to 86 years of age (n = 156) were asked whether they tend to listen to music when feeling bad, and if so, what is the mood of the music (i.e., sad or happy) they choose, and whether they believe that music can improve their mood. Participants completed the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, Music in Mood Regulation Inventory, and Brief Symptoms Inventory. Compared to those who do not listen to music when in a bad mood, participants who do reported directing more attention to their emotions and using strategies for mood regulation through music more intensively, and expressed a stronger belief in their ability to influence their mood through music. Compared to those who prefer listening to sad music when in a bad mood, listeners to happy music reported a stronger tendency to repair mood and a stronger belief in their ability to influence their mood through music. The choice of happy music when in a bad mood was more common among older participants. These results are discussed in relation to theories concerning the role of music in mood regulation in late adulthood.
Cranial irradiation and growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction: a critical appraisal.

CONTEXT It has been suggested that radiation-induced GH neurosecretory dysfunction exists in children; however, the pathophysiology is poorly understood, and it is unknown if such a phenomenon exists in adult life. STUDY SUBJECTS Twenty-four-hour spontaneous GH secretion was studied by 20-min sampling both in the fed state (n = 16; six women) and the last 24 h of 33-h fast (n = 10; three women) in adult cancer survivors of normal GH status defined by two GH provocative tests, 13.1 +/- 1.6 (range, 3-28) yr after cranial irradiation (18-40 Gy) for nonpituitary brain tumors (n = 12) or leukemia (n = 4) in comparison with 30 (nine women) age- and body mass index-matched normal controls (fasting, 11 men and three women). RESULTS Using previously published diagnostic thresholds, all patients had stimulated peak GH responses in the normal range to both the insulin tolerance test and the combined GHRH plus arginine stimulation test, as well as normal individual mean profile GH levels during the fed and fasting states. However, gender-specific comparisons revealed marked reduction (by 40%) in the overall peak GH responses to both provocative tests but similar GH secretory profiles; no differences were seen in the pulsatile attributes of GH secretion (cluster analysis) or the profile absolute and mean GH levels in the fed state or when the hypothalamic-pituitary axis was stimulated by fasting. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced GH neurosecretory dysfunction either does not exist or is a very rare phenomenon in irradiated adult cancer survivors. The normality of physiological GH secretion in the context of reduced maximum somatotroph reserve suggests compensatory overdrive of the partially damaged somatotroph axis and constitutes a relative argument against somatotroph dysfunction being explained purely by hypothalamic damage with secondary atrophy due to GHRH deficiency. It is therefore possible that radiation in doses less than 40 Gy causes dual damage to both the pituitary and the hypothalamus.
A recommendation system for repairing violations detected by static architecture conformance checking

This paper describes a recommendation system that provides refactoring guidelines for maintainers when tackling architectural erosion. The paper formalizes 32 refactoring recommendations to repair violations raised by static architecture conformance checking approaches; it describes a tool—called ArchFix—that triggers the proposed recommendations; and it evaluates the application of this tool in two industrial‐strength systems. For the first system—a 21 KLOC open‐source strategic management system—our approach has indicated correct refactoring recommendations for 31 out of 41 violations detected as the result of an architecture conformance process. For the second system—a 728 KLOC customer care system used by a major telecommunication company—our approach has triggered correct recommendations for 624 out of 787 violations, as asserted by the system's architect. Moreover, the architects have scored 82% of these recommendations as having moderate or major complexity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.