Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of high-energy defibrillation on success rate of defibrillation and cardiac trauma in ventricular fibrillation pig model

This study aimed to explore effect of increased two-phase wave energy defibrillation on success rate of defibrillation and cardiac trauma based on current recommend energy using ventricular fibrillation pig model built by electrical stimulation in right ventricle. Twenty-four pigs were randomly divided recommend energy group (200 J), high-energy group (300 J) and ultra-high energy group (360 J). Total and the first defibrillation success rate, rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and the time of spontaneous circulation restoration were recorded. Left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) were examined before induced fibrillation, at 0 h and 24 h after ROSC, and change of serum BNP and serum markers were detected at 0 h, 2 h and 6 h after ROSC, respectively. Change of brain and neurological function, and pathomorphological changes of myocardial cells were observed under light microscope and electron microscope at 24 h after ROSC. Total defibrillation success rate in the ultra-high energy group was higher than the recommend energy group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was detected when other pairwise comparisons (P>0.05). LVEF was similar in each group at different time points (P>0.05), and no significant difference of serum BNP was detected between different groups at different time points (P>0.05). Myohemoglobin, troponin I and CK-MB had not significant difference between the three groups (P>0.05), while heart-type fatty acid binding protein was higher in the ultra-high energy group at 2 h and 6 h (P<0.05). Myocardial cells in each group were detected pathological changes under light microscope and electron microscope, but no significant difference was detected between groups. Mild damage in cerebral function was detected in the three groups, and no significant difference was detected pairwise comparison. The total success rate was higher using 360 J, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein was higher than the other groups. These findings implicate that ultra-high energy may have certain advantages, which may provide valuable reference for determining the optimal defibrillation energy.
Foundations of object-oriented languages

This paper reports on the workshop on foundations of object-oriented languages that was held 17{18 October 1993 at Stanford University, California, USA. The workshop was organized by Kim Bruce and Giuseppe Longo, and sponsored by ESPRIT and NSF. Local arrangements were done by Dinesh Katiyar and John Mitchell. Participation was by invitation only; the participants are listed in the appendix of this paper. The purpose of the workshop was both to understand and compare the many models of object-oriented languages, and to create better language constructs and models. The workshop consisted both of presentations and lively discussions about such topics as challenge problems for type systems, relative merits of di erent language designs and type systems, and encapsulation and modularity. In the following section we brie y report on the talks given at the workshop. In Section 3 we present a dictionary of object-oriented terminology that was created during the discussions. Finally, in Section 4 we report on the discussions by listing the open problems and benchmarks for type systems that were suggested at the workshop.
Association between Lp-PLA2 and coronary heart disease in Chinese patients

Objective To evaluate the association between plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2; known to release inflammatory mediators that promote atherosclerosis) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese patients. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study included a patient cohort who were assessed by coronary angiography and divided into patients with coronary heart disease and patients with normal coronary angiography (controls). Data for several biochemical indicators were collected. Plasma Lp-PLA2 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse the association between Lp-PLA2 concentration and CHD. Results A total of 531 patients were included, comprising 391 with CHD and 140 with normal coronary angiography (controls). Plasma Lp-PLA2 concentration was significantly higher in patients with CHD versus controls (median, 251 µg/l versus 219 µg/l, respectively), and particularly among patients with acute myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris (249 µg/l and 266 µg/l, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 ≥ 292 µg/l (upper quartile of the whole cohort) was independently associated with CHD (odds ratio 2.814, 95% confidence interval 1.519, 5.214). Conclusion Plasma Lp-PLA2 concentration was independently associated with CHD in Chinese patients.
Effect of digital problem-based learning cases on student learning outcomes in ophthalmology courses.

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of digital problem-based learning (PBL) cases on student learning in ophthalmology courses. METHODS Ninety students were randomly divided into 3 classes (30 students per class). The first class studied under a didactic model. The other 2 classes were divided into 6 groups (10 students per group) and received PBL teaching; 3 groups studied via cases presented in digital form and the others studied via paper-form cases. The results of theoretical and case analysis examinations were analyzed using the chi(2) test. Student performance on the interval practice was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Questionnaires were used to evaluate student and facilitator perceptions. RESULTS Students in the digital groups exhibited better performance in the practice procedures according to tutorial evaluations compared with the other groups (P < .05). The 2 PBL classes had significantly higher mean results of theoretical and case analysis examinations (P < .001), but there was no significant difference between the 2 PBL classes. Ninety-three percent of students in the digital groups (vs 73% in the paper groups) noted that the cases greatly stimulated their interest. CONCLUSIONS Introducing PBL into ophthalmology could improve educational quality and effectiveness. Digital PBL cases stimulate interest and motivate students to further improve diagnosis and problem-handling skills.
Text structures in medical text processing: empirical evidence and a text understanding prototype

We consider the role of textual structures in medical texts. In particular, we examine the impact the lacking recognition of text phenomena has on the validity of medical knowledge bases fed by a natural language understanding front-end. First, we review the results from an empirical study on a sample of medical texts considering, in various forms of local coherence phenomena (anaphora and textual ellipses). We then discuss the representation bias emerging in the text knowledge base that is likely to occur when these phenomena are not dealt with--mainly the emergence of referentially incoherent and invalid representations. We then turn to a medical text understanding system designed to account for local text coherence.
Effects of Canola Oil Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Combustion, Performance, and Emissions Reduction in a Common Rail Diesel Engine

In this study, we investigated the effects of canola oil biodiesel (BD) to improve combustion and exhaust emissions in a common rail direct injection (DI) diesel engine using BD fuel blended with diesel. Experiments were conducted with BD blend amounts of 10%, 20%, and 30% on a volume basis under various engine speeds. As the BD blend ratio increased, the combustion pressure and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) decreased slightly at the low engine speed of 1500 rpm, while they increased at the middle engine speed of 2500 rpm. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased at all engine speeds while the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were considerably reduced. On the other hand, the nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions only increased slightly. When increasing the BD blend ratio at an engine speed of 2000 rpm with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, the combustion pressure and IMEP tended to decrease. The CO and PM emissions decreased in proportion to the BD blend ratio. Also, the NO x emissions decreased considerably as the EGR rate increased whereas the BD blend ratio only slightly influenced the NO x emissions.
Distributed Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Even Self-Deployment in Mobile Sensor Networks

Even self-deployment is one of the best strategies to deploy mobile sensors when the region of interest is unknown and manual deployment is infeasible. A widely used distributed algorithm, Lloyd`s method, can achieve even self-deployment. It however suffers from two critical issues when being used in mobile sensor networks. First, it does not consider limited sensor communication range. Second, it does not optimize sensor movement distances, and hence can lead to excessive energy consumption, a primary concern in sensor networks. This paper first formulates a locational optimization problem that achieves even deployment while it takes account of energy consumption due to sensor movement, and then proposes two iterative algorithms. The first algorithm, named Lloyd- α, reduces the movement step sizes in Lloyd`s method. It saves traveling distance while maintaining the convergence property. However, it leads to a larger number of deployment steps. The second algorithm, named Distributed Energy-Efficient self-Deployment (DEED), reduces sensor traveling distances and requires a comparable number of deployment steps as that in Lloyd`s method. This paper further proposes an intuitive method to deal with limited sensor communication range that is applicable to all three methods. Extensive simulation using NS-2 demonstrates that DEED leads to up to 54 percent less traveling distance and 46 percent less energy consumption than Lloyd`s method.
Experimental investigation of velocity and vorticity in turbulent wall flows

This thesis details the results of a research effort both to acquire sufficientlyresolved velocity and vorticity vector time-series in turbulent wall-bounded flows, as well as to use the acquired data to juxtapose two canonical wall-bounded flows: the zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer and the fully-developed pipe. Towards these ends, a novel configuration of measurement sensors has been designed, evaluated, and deployed in three of the largest canonical wall-flow facilities in existence: the Flow Physics Facility (FPF) at the University of New Hampshire, the High Reynolds Number Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (HRNBLWT) at the University of Melbourne, and the Centre for International Cooperation in Long Pipe Experiments (CICLoPE) at the University of Bologna (Università di Bologna). The datasets presented herein are the first to contain simultaneously-acquired velocity and vorticity statistics in both pipe and boundary layer flows under matched conditions. The capacity of the measurement probe to resolve the velocity and vorticity vectors under idealised conditions is evaluated via ‘synthetic experiments’, whereby the response of the probe to a simulated turbulent flow is modeled, and the resulting aggregate statistics compared to those of the known input. The synthetic experimental results are then compared to statistics obtained from physical experiments, and show close agreement for most quantities despite differences in Reynolds number. Disagreement between the physical and synthetic experimental results in several quantities is used to diagnose a limitation of the present sensor system. An awareness of the measurement capabilities (and limitations) afforded by the comparison between the synthetic and physical experiments pervades the ensuing analysis and discussion of additional physical experimental results. Normalised statistical moments (up to the kurtosis) of velocity and vorticity are presented for both pipe and boundary layer cases. The two flows are shown to exhibit virtually no differences from one another wallward of the wake region aside from the transverse velocity component variances. The boundary layer
A hybrid approach to nonlinear macromodel generation for time-varying analog circuits

Modeling frequency-dependent nonlinear characteristics of complex analog blocks and subsystems is critical for enabling efficient verification of mixed-signal system designs. Recent progress has been made for constructing such macromodels, however, their accuracy and/or efficiency can break down for certain problems, particularly those with high-Q filtering. In this paper we explore a novel hybrid approach for generating accurate analog macromodels for time-varying weakly nonlinear circuits. The combined benefits of nonlinear Pade approximations and pruning by exploitation of the system's internal structure allows us to construct nonlinear circuit models that are accurate for wide input frequency ranges, and thereby capable of modeling systems with sharp frequency selectivity. Such components are widely encountered in analog signal processing and RF applications. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the modeling of large time-varying nonlinear circuits that are commonly found in these application areas.
Smoking and psoriasis

EDITOR, - John Geddes and colleagues' study of the prevalence of schizophrenia among residents of hostels for homeless people in 1966 and 1992 is flawed in design, analysis, and interpretation.1 The authors acknowledge many of these faults in their discussion, but their unwarranted conclusions, specific (even if true) to the situation in Edinburgh, are likely to be misinterpreted …
Mechanical and Electrophysiological Properties of the Sarcolemma of Muscle Fibers in Two Murine Models of Muscle Dystrophy: Col6a1−/− and Mdx

This study aimed to analyse the sarcolemma of Col6a1−/− fibers in comparison with wild type and mdx fibers, taken as positive control in view of the known structural and functional alterations of their membranes. Structural and mechanical properties were studied in single muscle fibers prepared from FDB muscle using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conventional electrophysiological techniques to measure ionic conductance and capacitance. While the sarcolemma topography was preserved in both types of dystrophic fibers, membrane elasticity was significantly reduced in Col6a1−/− and increased in mdx fibers. In the membrane of Col6a1−/− fibers ionic conductance was increased likely due to an increased leakage, whereas capacitance was reduced, and the action potential (ap) depolarization rate was reduced. The picture emerging from experiments on fibers in culture was consistent with that obtained on intact freshly dissected muscle. Mdx fibers in culture showed a reduction of both membrane conductance and capacitance. In contrast, in mdx intact FDB muscle resting conductance was increased while resting potential and ap depolarization rate were reduced, likely indicating the presence of a consistent population of severely altered fibers which disappear during the culture preparation.
Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Orally Active Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Gallbladder Carcinoma

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is the second most common primary hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocellular cancer. At the time of diagnosis, most BTC are at an advanced stage and are unresectable. There is presently no effective curative treatment of the advanced disease nor is there any effective clinical therapy that will prevent the development of BTC. All of these factors render gallbladder cancer nearly incurable with a poor survival rate. The aim of our study was to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of gallbladder carcinoma as the advancement of more effective treatment options would significantly improve prognosis. In the present study, we examined the effect of gefitinib, a selective epidermal growth factor receptor/tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR/TKI), on the development of gallbladder carcinoma in BK5.erbB2 mice. In addition, we examined the effect of another quinazoline derivative, GW2974, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2, in this model. Animals were treated with either 400 ppm gefitinib or 200 ppm GW2974 as a supplement in the diet using either a chemopreventive or therapeutic protocol. The results show that both compounds were potent chemopreventive and therapeutic agents in this mouse model of human BTC. The results also suggest that activation of the EGFR plays an important role in development of BTC in this model and that targeting both the EGFR and erbB2 may be an effective strategy for treatment of this disease.
The Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Flavones Using Diquat-Challenged Piglet Models

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Eucommia ulmoides flavones (EUF) using diquat-challenged piglet models. A total of 96 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatments with 8 replication pens per treatment and 4 piglets per pen. The treatments were basal diet, basal diet + diquat, and 100 mg/kg EUF diet + diquat. On day 7 after the initiation of treatment, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with diquat at 8 mg/kg BW or the same amount of sterilized saline. The experiment was conducted for 21 days. EUF supplementation improved the growth performance of diquat-treated piglets from day 14 to 21. Diquat also induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and then impaired intestinal morphology. But EUF addition alleviated these negative effects induced by diquat that showed decreasing serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines but increasing antioxidant indexes and anti-inflammatory cytokines on day 14. Supplementation of EUF also increased villi height and villous height, crypt depth, but decreased the histopathological score and MPO activity compared with those of diquat-challenged pigs fed with the basal diet on day 14. Results indicated that EUF attenuated the inflammation and oxidative stress of piglets caused by diquat injection.
On Exact Computation with an Infinitely Wide Neural Net

How well does a classic deep net architecture like AlexNet or VGG19 classify on a standard dataset such as CIFAR-10 when its width --- namely, number of channels in convolutional layers, and number of nodes in fully-connected internal layers --- is allowed to increase to infinity? Such questions have come to the forefront in the quest to theoretically understand deep learning and its mysteries about optimization and generalization. They also connect deep learning to notions such as Gaussian processes and kernels. A recent paper [Jacot et al., 2018] introduced the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) which captures the behavior of fully-connected deep nets in the infinite width limit trained by gradient descent; this object was implicit in some other recent papers. An attraction of such ideas is that a pure kernel-based method is used to capture the power of a fully-trained deep net of infinite width. The current paper gives the first efficient exact algorithm for computing the extension of NTK to convolutional neural nets, which we call Convolutional NTK (CNTK), as well as an efficient GPU implementation of this algorithm. This results in a significant new benchmark for the performance of a pure kernel-based method on CIFAR-10, being $10\%$ higher than the methods reported in [Novak et al., 2019], and only $6\%$ lower than the performance of the corresponding finite deep net architecture (once batch normalization, etc. are turned off). Theoretically, we also give the first non-asymptotic proof showing that a fully-trained sufficiently wide net is indeed equivalent to the kernel regression predictor using NTK.
Interpolated Coarse Models for Microwave Design Optimization With Space Mapping

The efficiency of space-mapping optimization depends on the quality of the underlying coarse model, which should be sufficiently close to the fine model and cheap to evaluate. In practice, available coarse models are often cheap, but inaccurate (e.g., a circuit equivalent of the microwave structure) or accurate, but too expensive (e.g., a coarse-mesh model). In either case, the space-mapping optimization process exhibits substantial computational overhead due to the excessive fine model evaluations necessary to find a good solution if the coarse model is inaccurate, or due to the cost of the parameter extraction and surrogate optimization sub-problems if the coarse model is too expensive. In this paper, we use an interpolation technique, which allows us to create coarse models that are both accurate and cheap. This overcomes the accuracy/cost dilemma described above, permitting significant reduction of the space-mapping optimization time. Examples verify the performance of our approach.
Aging Well: Toward a Way of Life for All People

The world's population as a whole is living longer. Population aging is a trend that will bring new social, political, and economic demands to countries throughout the world (1). Without proactive steps to create individual and environmental changes that promote aging well, the escalating costs of health and social support systems for an aging population will be unsustainable both domestically and worldwide (2).
Clinical and pathological significance of myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues

The innate immune system, which includes toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling, plays an important role in inflammation and oncogenesis. Although TLR common adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is known to have multiple effects on carcinogenesis, the role of MyD88 in hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown. In this study, MyD88 expression was examined in 105 samples of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction methods. The relationships between MyD88 expression and clinical and pathological parameters were analyzed. The results showed that attenuated expression of MyD88 in HCC tissue tumor cells was significantly related to hepatitis B virus infection, large tumor size, positive vascular invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis of MyD88 protein in nine normal livers and 28 HCCs showed gender disparity (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and attenuated expression in cirrhotic livers (P < 0.05). Low expression of MyD88 mRNA was evident in HCCs with vascular invasion (P < 0.01). In contrast to previous reports, these results suggest that attenuated expression of MyD88 in HCC is associated with tumor progression.
Decrease in timed balance test scores with aging.

This study investigated whether 184 volunteers from 20 to 79 years of age could perform eight timed balance tests and examined the relationship between test performance and age. All subjects were able to balance with their feet together and eyes closed for 30 seconds. The ability to balance on the right and left legs did not differ significantly. Subjects over 60 years of age were unable to balance on one leg, particularly when their eyes were closed, for as long a period as younger subjects. The Pearson product-moment and Spearman correlations of age and duration of one-legged balance were -. 65 and -. 71 (eyes opened) and -. 79 and -. 75 (eyes closed). The findings suggest that when timed balance tests are performed as a part of a patient's neurologic examination, the results should be interpreted in light of the patient's age. Information is provided to assist in this interpretation.