Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: Clinical, CT, and Pathologic Findings in 11 Patients

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, computed tomographic (CT), and pathologic findings of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung. CT and pathologic findings as well as clinical features of surgically proven LCNEC of the lung were reviewed retrospectively in 11 consecutive patients (eight men and three women; mean age, 63 years; range, 44–77 years). Chest CT showed peripheral mass or nodule (n = 8) and central mass with distal atelectasis (n = 3). Six tumors were accompanied by mediastinal (n = 3) and hilar (n = 3) lymph node enlargement at CT. On pathologic examination, all resected tumors showed necrosis of variable extent (mean; 38%, range; 10–70%). The areas of intrinsic lipoid pneumonia and tumor emboli in two patients appeared at CT as areas of ground-glass opacity surrounding the tumor. Mediastinal nodal metastases were seen in three (27%) patients. Pathologic staging of 11 patients was IB in six, IIA in one, IIB in one, IIIA in two, and IIIB in one. Follow-up data showed extrathoracic metastases in four patients at mean follow-up period of 15 months. One patient died of distant metastasis 5 months after the surgery. CT findings of LCNEC of the lung are nonspecific and similar to those of other non–small cell lung cancers and extrathoracic metastasis is seen in approximately one third of the patients with follow-up study.
The Effectiveness of Short Message Service to Assure the Preparation-to-Colonoscopy Interval before Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy

Background/Aims. The preparation-to-colonoscopy (PC) interval is one of several important factors for the bowel preparation. Short message service (SMS) reminder from a cellular phone has been suggested to improve compliance in various medical situations. We evaluated the effectiveness of SMS reminders to assure the PC interval for colonoscopy. Methodology. This prospective randomized study was investigator blinded. In the No-SMS group, patients took the first 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) between 6 and 8 PM on the day before colonoscopy and the second 2 L PEG approximately 6 hours before the colonoscopy without SMS. In the SMS group, patients took first 2 L PEG in the same manner as the No-SMS group and the second 2 L PEG after receiving an SMS 6 hours before the colonoscopy. Results. The SMS group had a lower score than the No-SMS group, according to the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compliance with diet instructions (odds ratio (OR) 2.109; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–3.99, P = 0.022) and intervention using SMS ((OR) 2.329; 95% (CI), 1.34–4.02, P = 0.002) were the independent significant factors for satisfactory bowel preparation. Conclusions. An SMS reminder to assure PC interval improved the bowel preparation quality for colonoscopy with bowel preparation.
PLC-Based Real-Time Realization of Flatness-Based Feedforward Control for Industrial Compression Systems

In this paper, we present a novel programmable logic controller (PLC)-based real-time realization of a flatness-based feedforward control (FFC) scheme. The proposed approach is applied to an industrial fuel-gas compression system which is used to supply fuel gas to the gas turbines in combined cycle power plants. Due to the increasing demand for fast operation point transitions with high performance and accuracy requirements, the currently applied decentralized proportional-integral-derivative controllers appear to be not appropriate any more. Hence, by means of system simulations, a new flatness-based FFC design has been shown to provide improved control performance. In this paper, we bridge the gap between simulation-based control design and practical applicability, in that, we present the real-time realization of the approach on a PLC. Furthermore, the PLC-based controller is tested on a hardware-in-the-loop platform running with a complex compression system model in real time. The results reveal that the flatness-based control design can be implemented on a real compressor system.
ANATOMIC COMPRESSION CAUSED BY HIGH‐VOLUME CONVECTION‐ENHANCED DELIVERY TO THE BRAIN

OBJECTIVEOur group has pioneered the use of gadoteridol-loaded liposomes (GDLs) in convection-enhanced delivery (CED) using real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the distribution of therapeutic agents in nonhuman primate and canine brains. We have shown that this procedure is highly predictable and safe. In the course of recent studies, however, we noted that infusion of large volumes caused local anatomic alterations, such as ventricular compression, to occur. This article reports our analysis of CED infusions into normal brains and those compromised by tumors and how monitoring the CED infusion with MRI may be helpful in preventing some complications. METHODSA total of 54 CED infusions using GDLs were performed in 7 canines and 10 nonhuman primates and monitored using real-time MRI. The canines, having brain tumors, received infusions of GDLs as well as a chemotherapeutic agent via CED. The nonhuman primates were normal and received GDL infusions alone. Real-time analysis of the CED infusion was performed, looking for correct catheter position and infusion reflux, leakage, and mass effect. Retrospective analysis allowed assessment of CED volume of distribution versus volume of infusion. RESULTSApproximately 10% of these infusions caused anatomic compression of the ventricles, especially in the canines with tumors. Reflux along the cannula and leakage of infusate into the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid or subarachnoid space were seen. Animal behavior, however, did not appear to be affected acutely or during the course of the study, and no ventricular compression was noted 2 weeks after the CED infusion on further brain imaging studies. CONCLUSIONThese findings illustrate the value of being able to monitor infusions with real-time MRI to identify phenomena such as reflux along the cannula, leakage of infusate, and ventricular compression. Especially in tumor patients, the latter could be associated with morbidity.
The ConsensusPathDB interaction database: 2013 update

Knowledge of the various interactions between molecules in the cell is crucial for understanding cellular processes in health and disease. Currently available interaction databases, being largely complementary to each other, must be integrated to obtain a comprehensive global map of the different types of interactions. We have previously reported the development of an integrative interaction database called ConsensusPathDB (http://ConsensusPathDB.org) that aims to fulfill this task. In this update article, we report its significant progress in terms of interaction content and web interface tools. ConsensusPathDB has grown mainly due to the integration of 12 further databases; it now contains 215 541 unique interactions and 4601 pathways from overall 30 databases. Binary protein interactions are scored with our confidence assessment tool, IntScore. The ConsensusPathDB web interface allows users to take advantage of these integrated interaction and pathway data in different contexts. Recent developments include pathway analysis of metabolite lists, visualization of functional gene/metabolite sets as overlap graphs, gene set analysis based on protein complexes and induced network modules analysis that connects a list of genes through various interaction types. To facilitate the interactive, visual interpretation of interaction and pathway data, we have re-implemented the graph visualization feature of ConsensusPathDB using the Cytoscape.js library.
Study of various coplanar gaps discharges in ac plasma display panel

To achieve a high luminous efficacy in a plasma display panel, the display characteristics, including the luminance, discharge current, and luminous efficacy, were investigated with various coplanar gaps. The temporal behavior of the infrared emission from 80-, 150-, 200-, and 300-/spl mu/m coplanar gap discharges was also studied. The luminance and luminous efficacy increased as the coplanar gap increased until 200 /spl mu/m. However, when the coplanar gap was 300 /spl mu/m with a fixed barrier rib height of 150 /spl mu/m, the luminous and luminous efficacy suddenly decreased. This phenomenon can be explained by the results of the infrared emission observation, as the discharge shape of the 300-/spl mu/m coplanar gap became narrow when the height of barrier rib was fixed at 150 /spl mu/m. The luminous efficacy of the 200-/spl mu/m coplanar gap discharge was about 3.2 lm/W (green cells) when an Ne+4%Xe gas mixture was used as the discharge gas in the alternating current plasma display panel.
Determination of malingering in disability evaluations

Malingering in disability claimants is the act of conscious, gross exaggeration of symptoms or impairment to obtain or maintain disability income. Malingering can be a complex issue for the inexperienced practitioner. A systematic examination of the provenance of the claim using as many sources of information as possible is necessary to make a determination about the presence of malingering to a reasonable degree of medical certainty. A multifaceted examination of the factors discussed in this article, without dependence on any one of them, provides a practical framework in which to make decisions. Circumstances of the claim, claimants'symptoms, and behavior in and out of the interview situation, need to be investigated in detail to elucidate the presence or absence of malingering. Psychologic tests are useful adjunctive measures that can help determine malingering.
Stochastic evolutionary dynamics of direct reciprocity

Evolutionary game theory is the study of frequency-dependent selection. The success of an individual depends on the frequencies of strategies that are used in the population. We propose a new model for studying evolutionary dynamics in games with a continuous strategy space. The population size is finite. All members of the population use the same strategy. A mutant strategy is chosen from some distribution over the strategy space. The fixation probability of the mutant strategy in the resident population is calculated. The new mutant takes over the population with this probability. In this case, the mutant becomes the new resident. Otherwise, the existing resident remains. Then, another mutant is generated. These dynamics lead to a stationary distribution over the entire strategy space. Our new approach generalizes classical adaptive dynamics in three ways: (i) the population size is finite; (ii) mutants can be drawn non-locally and (iii) the dynamics are stochastic. We explore reactive strategies in the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma. We perform ‘knock-out experiments’ to study how various strategies affect the evolution of cooperation. We find that ‘tit-for-tat’ is a weak catalyst for the emergence of cooperation, while ‘always cooperate’ is a strong catalyst for the emergence of defection. Our analysis leads to a new understanding of the optimal level of forgiveness that is needed for the evolution of cooperation under direct reciprocity.
Serological Survey and Associated Risk Factors of Visceral Leish-maniasis in Qom Province, Central Iran

Abstract Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is considered as a parasitic disease caused by the species of Leishmania donovani complex which is intracellular parasites. This systemic disease is endemic in some parts of provinc-es of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of VL in Qom Province, central Iran using di-rect agglutination test (DAT). Methods Overall, 1564 serum samples (800 males and 764 females) were collected from selected subjects by random-ized cluster sampling in 2011-2012. Sera were tested and analyzed by DAT. Before sampling; a questionnaire was filled out for each case. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression for risk factors analysis. Results Of 1564 individuals, 53 cases (3.38%) showed Leishmania specific antibodies as follows: with 1:400 titer 16 cases (1.02%), with 1:800 titer 20 cases (1.27%), with 1:1600 titer 16 cases (1.02%) whereas only one subject (0.06%) showed titers of ≥ 1:3200. There was no significant association between VL seropositivity and gender, age group and occupation. Binary logistic regression showed that rural areas was 0.44 times at higher risk of infection than urban areas (OR= 0.44; %95 CI= 0.25- 0.78). Conclusion Although the seroprevalence of VL is relatively low in Qom Province, yet due to the importance of the disease, the surveillance system should be monitored by health authorities.
Use of a Thermocouple for Malignant Tumor Detection

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the temperature difference between a malignant (or benign) tumor and the armpit (AT) could be used as a criterion in the diagnosis of the tumor malignancy. In our study, we measured the temperature of tumors beneath the skin with a needle thermocouple, which causes minimal discomfort or pain to the patients. In principle, the temperature of a tumor should be compared with the temperature of normal tissue surrounding the tumor. To avoid these disadvantages, we compared tumor temperature with armpit temperature as it is relatively stable and is easily measured. Thermography has been extensively used as a cancer detection tool but has not been accepted for routine application.
Mini-Symposium : Fungi and The Paediatric Lung Cryptococcosis in children

Cryptococcosis is a systemic–opportunistic mycosis caused by two species of the encapsulated yeast-like organism, Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, which cause infection in immunocompromised individuals and in immunologically normal hosts, respectively. Most susceptible to infection are patients with T-cell deficiencies. The spectrum of disease ranges from asymptomatic pulmonary lesions to disseminated infection with meningoencephalitis. After the emergence of AIDS, cryptococcal infections have become much more common. The mycosis occurs less frequently in children than in adults. The purpose of this article is to discuss the aetiology, clinical presentation, predisposing conditions and outcomes in cases of cryptococcosis in children. Emphasis is placed upon paediatric cases occuring in Brazil and in particular to highlight the difference between cases diagnosed in Porto Alegre (South subtropical climate) and in Belem (North equatorial climate). 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Stall Recovery Guidance Using Fast Model Predictive Control

Based on a detailed analysis of recent loss-of-control events, the Aircraft State Awareness Joint Safety Analysis Team has identiﬁed the need to develop algorithms and display strategies to provide control guidance for recovery from approach-to-stall or stall. In order to be eﬀective, such guidance should enhance the pilot’s ability to execute the Federal Aviation Administration’s recommended stall recovery procedure. This paper explores the use of a fast model predictive control algorithm that determines near optimal recovery guidance, which quantiﬁes the aircraft conﬁguration and situation dependent recovery information required to maximize the eﬀectiveness of the recovery. This information includes the magnitude of the initial pitch down maneuver, the speciﬁc amount of airspeed and thrust needed before pulling out of the recovery dive, as well as the maximum pitch-up rate that can be sustained without causing a secondary stall. The algorithm was integrated and tested with an in-house desktop simulator that implements the General Transport Air-craft model and the associated stall aircraft dynamics. Preliminary results are presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed approach as a recovery aid for pilots
Prevalência e fatores associados à automedicação: resultados do projeto Bambuí Prevalence and factors associated with self- medication: the Bambuí health survey

Correspondência para/Correspondence to: Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou Fiocruz Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 30.190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil E-mail: lima-costa@cpqrr.fiocruz. br Baseado em dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2001. Subvencionado pela Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep – processo no 6694009-00) e pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq – Processos no 301056/94-3, 14974/97-8, 572208/97-9). Recebido em 27/4/2001. Reformulado em 14/8/2001. Aprovado em 30/10/2001. Descritores Automedicação. Prevalência. Hábitos de consumo de medicamentos. Medicamentos sem prescrição. Prescrição de medicamentos.
Faculty experiences with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) public access policy, compliance issues, and copyright practices.

OBJECTIVES The research assessed faculty awareness of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) public access policy and faculty experiences with the copyright terms in their author agreements with publishers. METHODS During the fall of 2011, 198 faculty members receiving funding from NIH at a large urban academic institution were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. A total of 94 faculty members responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 47%. RESULTS Thirty percent of the survey respondents were either unaware of or not familiar with the NIH policy. Further, a significant number of faculty members (97.8%) indicated that they usually signed their copyright forms "as is. " The findings show that time, confusing instructions, and unclear journal policies are challenges experienced by NIH-funded faculty in complying with the federal mandate. CONCLUSION There is a need to educate faculty with respect to the value of retaining their copyrights and self-archiving their publications to help advance public access and open access scholarship.
A General Equilibrium Analysis of Personal Bankruptcy Law

type="main" xml:id="ecca12167-abs-0001"> We analyse an economy where principals and agents match and contract subject to moral hazard. Bankruptcy law defines the limited liability constraint in these contracts. We analyse Walrasian allocations to generate the following predictions: (i) weakening bankruptcy law causes redistribution of debt and welfare from poor agents and principals to rich agents; (ii) exemption limits Pareto-dominate other bankruptcy laws if project size is fixed; (iii) means-testing (as in recent US personal bankruptcy law) that is ex post pro-poor in intent makes the poor worse off ex ante.
Beyond BOLD : : Toward the application of quantitative functional magnetic resonance imaging to the study of brain function and physiology

Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) is a powerful tool for mapping functional anatomy in the human brain. However, the use of BOLD for more than functional mapping is controversial because of the complex relationship between what BOLD measures and the neuronal activity that it purports to reflect. The BOLD signal is primarily a reflection of changes in deoxyhemoglobin in an imaging voxel, which in turn depend on hemodynamic and metabolic changes evoked by neuronal signaling. The magnitude of the BOLD response reflects the balance of the hemodynamic and metabolic responses and is thus difficult to interpret in physiological terms or to compare across groups. The calibrated BOLD approach, which combines BOLD imaging with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and biophysical modeling, has been proposed as a method of untangling the physiological components of the BOLD signal and providing quantitative information about the physiological response to neural activity. This approach has been used successfully in model systems; however, its use remains limited in the fMRI community. In this dissertation I discuss my efforts to address several limitations of this approach with the purpose of broadening its applicability to the study of brain function and physiology : (1) low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in ASL-derived blood flow estimates; (2) the need to use CO₂ inhalation as a calibration experiment; (3) the limited ability of current biophysical models to describe atypical physiology. To address (1), I developed a method called BOLD constrained perfusion (BCP), which combines information from BOLD and ASL imaging to better estimate blood flow and metabolic fluctuations under conditions where temporal averaging cannot be used to improve SNR. To address (2), I compared traditional CO₂ calibration with an alternative approach requiring only the measurement of R₂ʹ signal decay. Finally, to address (3), I developed a method of estimating the metabolic response to a stimulus using a detailed model of the BOLD response, then used it to begin investigating the metabolic response to CO₂ and visual stimulation in hypoxia
Impact of adjunctive cilostazol therapy on platelet function profiles in patients with and without diabetes mellitus on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy

Summary Cilostazol is a platelet inhibitor which when added to aspirin and clopidogrel has shown to reduce the risk of recurrent ischaemic events without an increase in bleeding. These clinical benefits have shown to be more pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unknown whether cilostazol exerts different pharmacodynamic effects in patients with and without DM. This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pharmacodynamic study comparing platelet function in patients with and without DM on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy. Patients (n=111) were randomly assigned to either cilostazol 100 mg or placebo twice daily for 14 days and afterwards crossed-over treatment for another 14 days. Platelet function was performed at baseline, 14 days post-randomisation, and 14 days post-cross-over. Functional testing to assess P2Y12 signalling included flow cytometric analysis of phosphorylation status of vasodilatorstimulated phosphoprotein measured by P2Y12 reactivity index (PRI), light transmittance aggregometry and VerifyNow. Thrombin generation processes were also studied using thrombelastography. Significantly lower PRI values were observed following treatment with cilostazol compared with placebo both in DM and non-DM groups (p < 0.0001). The absolute between-treatment differences of PRI between groups was a 35.1% lower in patients with DM (p=0.039). Similar results were obtained using all other functional measures assessing P2Y12 signalling. Thrombin generation was not affected by cilostazol. Cilostazol reduces platelet reactivity both in patients with and without DM, although these pharmacodynamic effects are enhanced in patients with DM. Despite the marked platelet inhibition, cilostazol does not alter thrombin-mediated haemostatic processes, which may explain its ischaemic benefit without the increased risk of bleeding.
Egrule vs Ruleg Teaching Methods: Grade, Intelligence, and Category of Learning.

Methodological problems, have limited the usefulness of findings from experiments into learning by discovery. By using programmed instruction materials, a within-class design, and other controls, an attempt was made to remove confounding. Two tasks were used: concept learning and principle learning. For each task, a separate 2x2x2 factorial design containing sixteen Ss in each cell was used. Independent variables were instructional method (egrule and ruleg), school grade (9 and 5), and intelligence (high and average). A set of eight different measures, involving retention, transfer, and ease of relearning, was used for each task. It was found that the egrule and ruleg methods did not differ significantly, and that interaction between instructional method and the other variables was low.