Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflicting directionality in

This paper presents an analysis of the basic primary stress system in Thompson River Salish (TRS), an Interior Salishan language spoken in British Columbia, Canada. The lexical accent system in TRS exhibits a pattern of conflicting directionality: In words with no accented morphemes, stress falls close to the left edge of the prosodic word (PrWd); in words with accented morphemes, stress falls on the rightmost accented morpheme. I show that the TRS stress system can be analyzed in a manner that parallels the OT treatment of conflicting directionality in Zoll 1997. In my account, conflicting directionality in TRS results from an operation of two constraints, each of which targets opposite edges of the word. In this, my analysis resembles Zoll’s 1997 analysis, where she provides a similar account of conflicting directionality in a variety of languages. However, I show that the TRS pattern differs from the patterns in Zoll’s analysis: Zoll argued that the two constraints (that apply in each of the patterns studied in her article) involve a contrast between marked and unmarked structure. In contrast, the TRS pattern does not involve marked versus unmarked structure; instead, both of the constraints responsible for conflicting directionality in TRS are alignment constraints – one belongs to the family of Align constraints, while the other belongs to the family of Anchor-Pos constraints and combines stress alignment with faithfulness to the input. Thus, contrary to Zoll’s claim, conflicting directionality does not necessarily involve a distinction between marked and unmarked structure.
Unhealthy food advertising directed to children on New Zealand television: extent, nature, impact and policy implications

Abstract Objective To comprehensively assess the extent, nature and impact of unhealthy food advertising targeted to children on New Zealand television. Design Four weekdays and four weekend days were randomly selected over the period June–August 2015. Programming was recorded from 06.00 to 00.00 hours (midnight), for a total of 432 h. Audience ratings were used to identify children’s peak viewing times. Setting New Zealand. Subjects The three major free-to-air channels. Results The majority of foods advertised (n 1807) were unhealthy; 68·5 % of food advertisements included at least one food not permitted to be marketed to children according to the WHO nutrient profiling model. The mean hourly rate of unhealthy food advertising was 9·1 (sd 5·2). One-third of unhealthy food advertisements included a promotional character and one-third a premium offer. About 88 % of unhealthy food advertisements were shown during children’s peak viewing times. If unhealthy food advertisements were to be restricted during times when at least 25 % of children are watching television, this would reduce the average unhealthy food advertising impact by 24 % during weekdays and 50 % during weekend days, and if the WHO instead of the current nutrient profiling model were used to restrict unhealthy food advertising to children, the average impact would be reduced by 24 % during weekdays and 29 % during weekend days. Conclusions Current self-regulation is ineffective in protecting children from exposure to unhealthy food advertising on television. The WHO nutrient profiling model needs to be used to restrict unhealthy food advertising, especially during children’s peak viewing times.
Impact of abandoned water mills on Central European foothills to lowland rivers: a reach scale example from the Wurm River, Germany

ABSTRACT This case study evaluates the changes of riverscape morphology that are caused by the abandonment of three water mills in a typical Central European foothill to lowland river for the period of 1810 to 2012 by the example of a short segment of the Wurm River, Germany. Based on a multi-temporal geographic information system analysis of historical maps, historical cross profiles, and the up-to-date high-resolution LIDAR DEM (1 m), different tendencies of changes in the longitudinal profile and alteration of the channel planform have been distinguished. The results indicate (a) a mutual adjustment to a local base level during the active mill period, (b) a period of terrace formation in the inset floodplain following the mill demise, and (c) a heterogeneous pattern of lateral channel changes at the mill in the center of the study segment. Two other abandoned mills influenced channel incision depth, change of riverbed slope, and terrace formation. The reconstruction of the former river courses reveals limits of the applicability of historical maps on the scale of small catchments (∼350 km2) or on the study sub-catchment scale (∼ 85 km2) as details like channel width or the exact positions of river bends are documented imprecise. Furthermore, we determine factors that superimpose the geomorphological evidence by controlling discharge and affecting sediment availability, which is caused by the adjacent urban area of Aachen city in the headwater and the suburban area surrounding the study segment.
Aggregate queries over ontologies

Answering queries over ontologies is an important issue for the Semantic Web. Aggregate queries were widely studied for relational databases but almost no results are known for aggregate queries over ontologies. In this work we investigate the latter problem. We propose syntax and semantics for epistemic aggregate queries over ontologies and study query answering for MAX, MIN, COUNT, CNTD, SUM, AVG queries for the ontology language DL-LiteA.
Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies: Farmers Perception in Oyo State, Nigeria

Climate change and weather variations have been one of the major problems of agricultural productivity most especially among crop farmers in Nigeria. This study therefore assesses farmer’s perception and their adaptation strategies to climate change in Ogo-Oluwa local Government area of Oyo State Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted in selecting 113 respondents, while the instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. The data collection was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the majority (65.5%) of the respondents were males while about 69% of them are between the ages of 31 to 50 years old, majorities (76.0%) of the respondents were married and average household size was 6.0 persons, family labour was the major source of labour for the respondents, 57.5 per cent and 32.7 per cent of the respondents had farm size of 3- 4 acres and above 4 acres respectively. It also shows that majority (51.3%) earned less than N10, 000 per month while 20.4 % and 21.2 % earns between N10, 000 - N20, 000 and N21, 000- N30, 000 per month respectively. The study reveals that 39.8% of the farmers had long years of farming experiences between 21-30 years. The study also reveals that the majority (81.0%) of the respondents are aware of the changing climatic conditions in their community. Educational qualification of respondents, farmers income, farming experiences and access to extension services are positively and significantly influenced farmer’s perception of climate change in the study area. Majority of the farmers have adapted to climate change through diversification of crop types and varieties, changing planting dates among others also constraints to adaptation of climate change include lack of access to weather forecast information, high cost of improved and resistant varieties, and inadequate knowledge of coping strategies. The study therefore recommends among others a deliberate policy of government to increase farmer’s access to weather forecast information in the study area.
Use of Home Hemodialysis After Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Failure

1. Crabtree Jh, Burchette RJ. Effective use of laparoscopy for long-term peritoneal dialysis access. Am j Surg 2009; 198:135–41. 2. Twardowski ZJ, Nichols WK, Nolph KD, Khanna R. Swan neck presternal (“bath tub”) catheter for peritoneal dialysis. Adv Perit Dial 1992; 8:316–24. 3. Crabtree Jh, Burchette RJ. Comparative analysis of twopiece extended peritoneal dialysis catheters with remote exit-site locations to conventional abdominal catheters. Perit Dial Int 2010; 30:46–55. 4. Twardowski ZJ, Prowant BF, Pickett B, Nichols WK, Nolph KD, Khanna R. Four-year experience with swan neck presternal peritoneal dialysis catheter. Am j Kidney Dis 1996; 27:99–105. 5. Twardowski ZJ, Prowant BF, Nichols WK, Nolph KD, Khanna R. Six-year experience with swan neck presternal peritoneal dialysis catheter. Perit Dial Int 1998; 18:598–602. 6. Zimmerman DG. Presternal catheter design—an opportunity to capitalize on catheter immobilization. Adv Perit Dial 2010; 26:91–5. doi:10.3747/pdi.2012. 00067
Metabolic changes in four beat gaited horses after field marcha simulation.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Mangalarga-Marchador is a popular 4-gaited Brazilian horse breed; however, there is little information about their metabolic and physiological response to exercise. OBJECTIVES To measure physiological and metabolic responses of the Mangalarga-Marchador to a simulated marcha field test and to compare these responses between 2 types of marcha gaits (picada and batida). METHODS Thirteen horses were used in the study and randomly assigned to either the picada or batida gait for the simulated marcha field test (speed ∼ 3.2 m/s; 30 min; load ∼ 80 kg). MEASUREMENTS Included body composition, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), glucose (GLUC), lactate (LACT), packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (TPP), albumin, urea, creatinine, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, creatine kinase, alanine, glutamate and glutamine (GLN). Measurements were obtained pretest (control/fasting), immediately after simulation (T(0)), and 15 (T(15)), 30 (T(30)) and 240 (T(240)) min after the simulation. Lactate (LACT) was measured at T(0), T(15) and T(30). Data were analysed using ANOVA, Tukey's test and t tests with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Significant acute changes were observed in HR, RR, [GLUC], [LACT], [TPP], PCV and [GLN] (P<0.05) relative to control. Heart rate fell below 60 beats/min at T(15) and RR recovered to pretest values by T(240). Significant increases in [GLUC], [LACT], PCV and [TPP] and a decrease in [GLN] were observed at T(0). Treatment and interaction effects were also observed between marcha types and time of sampling for HR, RF, PCV, and [LACT] (P < 0.05). These parameters were large in picada. CONCLUSION The simulation of field-test produced changes in some physiological and blood parameters in marcha horses, with some degree of dehydration during recovery period. Also, it was demonstrated that picada horses spend more energy when compared with batida horses at the the same speed. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Batida horses spend less energy when compared with picada horses, which will need special attention in their training and nutritional management.
Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south‐east Australia

Aim Phylogeography provides a framework to explain and integrate patterns of marine biodiversity at infra‐ and supra‐specific levels. As originally expounded, the phylogeographic hypotheses are generalities that have limited discriminatory power; the goal of this study is to generate and test specific instances of the hypotheses, thereby better elucidating both local patterns of evolution and the conditions under which the generalities do or do not apply.
Indications and guidelines for performance of transesophageal echocardiography in the patient with pediatric acquired or congenital heart disease: report from the task force of the Pediatric Council of the American Society of Echocardiography.

Over the past 15 years transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has assumed an integral role in the diagnosis and management of patients with acquired pediatric cardiovascular disorders and congenital heart disease (CHD). It is particularly suited to define complex anatomical structures, functional abnormalities, and flow disturbances that may not always be obtainable from transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) alone. TEE has become a standard imaging technology for patients with CHD undergoing intervention in the catheterization laboratory or in the operating room. As miniaturized probes, novel technologies, and new methodologies develop, the applications of TEE in the patient with CHD continue to expand. The American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists have established guidelines and standards for performing a comprehensive TEE in the adult with heart disease. Recognizing the unique aspects and growing applica-
A new network slicing framework for multi-tenant heterogeneous cloud radio access networks

Research on network slicing for multi-tenant heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) is still in its infancy. In this paper, we redefine network slicing and propose a new network slicing framework for multi-tenant H-CRANs. In particular, the network slicing process is formulated as a weighted throughput maximization problem that involves sharing of computational resources, fronthaul capacity, physical remote radio heads and radio resources. The problem is then jointly solved using a sub-optimal greedy approach and a dual decomposition method. Simulation results demonstrate that the framework can flexibly scale the throughput performance of multiple tenants according to the user priority weights associated with the tenants.
Front Tracking under TSTT

We report several important developments of the front tracking method and applications in science and engineering under the TSTT project. The progress includes the extraction of an independent software library from the front tracking code, conservative front tracking, applications of front tracking to the simulation of fusion pellet injection in a magnetically confined plasma, the study of a fuel injection jet, and the study of fluid chaotic mixing, among other problems.
Robust reconstruction of watertight 3D models from non-uniformly sampled point clouds without normal information

We present a new volumetric method for reconstructing watertight triangle meshes from arbitrary, unoriented point clouds. While previous techniques usually reconstruct surfaces as the zero level-set of a signed distance function, our method uses an unsigned distance function and hence does not require any information about the local surface orientation. Our algorithm estimates local surface confidence values within a dilated crust around the input samples. The surface which maximizes the global confidence is then extracted by computing the minimum cut of a weighted spatial graph structure. We present an algorithm, which efficiently converts this cut into a closed, manifold triangle mesh with a minimal number of vertices. The use of an unsigned distance function avoids the topological noise artifacts caused by misalignment of 3D scans, which are common to most volumetric reconstruction techniques. Due to a hierarchical approach our method efficiently produces solid models of low genus even for noisy and highly irregular data containing large holes, without loosing fine details in densely sampled regions. We show several examples for different application settings such as model generation from raw laser-scanned data, image-based 3D reconstruction, and mesh repair.
Maximized Content Offloading for Content Centric V2G Networks

With an increase in the manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (EV s), it is difficult to allocate a different IP address to each EV for content transfer in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) network. Moreover, with increasing EV s, the network traffic load on the local area aggregator increases. In such a scenario, caching at neighboring nodes can improve network efficiency along with reducing the burden on cellular links. However, the existing Internet protocol-based communication architecture lacks in-network caching. In this paper, we propose content content-centric network based content transfer strategy for the V2G network. In particular, we use the mobility pattern of EV s to capture the inter-contact times for a pair of nodes and present a caching placement scheme to achieve maximum content offloading ratio. The formulated problem also considers the limited cache capacities of each node and is justified to be an NP-hard caching placement problem. The results section depicts that the performance evaluation of the proposal outperforms random caching and popularity-based caching strategies with respect to content offloading ratio and average access delay.
Aromatic cluster mutations produce focal modulations of β‐sheet structure

Site‐directed mutagenesis is a powerful tool for altering the structure and function of proteins in a focused manner. Here, we examined how a model β‐sheet protein could be tuned by mutation of numerous surface‐exposed residues to aromatic amino acids. We designed these aromatic side chain “clusters” at highly solvent‐exposed positions in the flat, single‐layer β‐sheet of Borrelia outer surface protein A (OspA). This unusual β‐sheet scaffold allows us to interrogate the effects of these mutations in the context of well‐defined structure but in the absence of the strong scaffolding effects of globular protein architecture. We anticipated that the introduction of a cluster of aromatic amino acid residues on the β‐sheet surface would result in large conformational changes and/or stabilization and thereby provide new means of controlling the properties of β‐sheets. Surprisingly, X‐ray crystal structures revealed that the introduction of aromatic clusters produced only subtle conformational changes in the OspA β‐sheet. Additionally, despite burying a large degree of hydrophobic surface area, the aromatic cluster mutants were slightly less stable than the wild‐type scaffold. These results thereby demonstrate that the introduction of aromatic cluster mutations can serve as a means for subtly modulating β‐sheet conformation in protein design.
Correlates of Quality of Life in Rural Patients With Heart Failure

Background—There is abundant research indicating poor physical, psychological, and social functioning of patients with chronic heart failure (HF), a reality that can lead to poor health-related quality of life (QoL). Little is known about the experience of rural patients with HF. Methods and Results—This study was part of a randomized clinical trial titled Rural Education to Improve Outcomes in Heart Failure (REMOTE-HF) designed to test an education and counseling intervention to improve self-care in patients with HF. We evaluated 612 rural patients. Multiple validated questionnaires were administered to assess patient perceptions of health and health literacy. Baseline factors were collected and compared with baseline QoL measures only. Patients’ health-related QoL was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure scale. The data were analyzed using a general linear model to test the association of various patient characteristics with QoL in rural patients with HF. Patients were 65.8 (+12.9) years of age. The majority were men (58.7%), married (56.4%), and had completed a high-school education (80.9%). Factors associated with reduced QoL among this population include geographic location, younger age, male sex, higher New York Heart Association class, worse HF knowledge, poorer perceived control, and symptoms of depression or anxiety. The data provided no evidence of an association between left ventricular ejection fraction and QoL. Conclusions—This study of rural patients with HF confirms previously identified factors associated with perceptions of QoL. However, further study is warranted with an urban control group. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00415545.
Molecular classifications of gastric cancers: Novel insights and possible future applications

Despite some notable advances in the systemic management of gastric cancer (GC), the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains overall poor and their chance of cure is anecdotic. In a molecularly selected population, a median overall survival of 13.8 mo has been reached with the use of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy, which has soon after become the standard of care for patients with HER2-overexpressing GC. Moreover, oncologists have recognized the clinical utility of conceiving cancers as a collection of different molecularly-driven entities rather than a single disease. Several molecular drivers have been identified as having crucial roles in other tumors and new molecular classifications have been recently proposed for gastric cancer as well. Not only these classifications allow the identification of different tumor subtypes with unique features, but also they serve as springboard for the development of different therapeutic strategies. Hopefully, the application of standard systemic chemotherapy, specific targeted agents, immunotherapy or even surgery in specific cancer subgroups will help maximizing treatment outcomes and will avoid treating patients with minimal chance to respond, therefore diluting the average benefit. In this review, we aim at elucidating the aspects of GC molecular subtypes, and the possible future applications of such molecular analyses.
Interleukin-17A activation on bronchial epithelium and basophils: a novel inflammatory mechanism

Basophils are the accessory cell type for T-helper (Th)2 induction and initiators in immunoglobulin E-mediated chronic allergic inflammation. Basophils and Th17 cells accumulate at the inflammatory sites, such as the airways of allergic asthmatic patients. We investigated the activation of interleukin (IL)-17A on the primary human basophils/KU812 basophilic cells and primary human bronchial epithelial cells/BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. Cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and intracellular signalling molecules were assayed by ELISA or flow cytometry. Co-culture of bronchial epithelial cells and basophils could significantly induce the release of IL-6, an epithelial inflammatory cytokine, and CCL2, a chemokine for basophils, esosinophils and monocytes. Such induction was synergistically enhanced by IL-17A, and direct interaction between these two cells was necessary for IL-17A-induced IL-6 and CCL2 release. Surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on bronchial epithelial cells was also upregulated upon their interaction. The interaction of basophils and bronchial epithelial cells under IL-17A stimulation was differentially regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB pathways. These findings suggest a novel immunopathological role of Th17 cells and basophils in allergic asthma through the activation of granulocyte-mediated inflammation initiated by the direct interaction between basophils and bronchial epithelial cells.