Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congenital Chagas Disease: Recommendations for Diagnosis, Treatment and Control of Newborns, Siblings and Pregnant Women

In May 2010, the sixty-third World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA63.20 on the control and elimination of Chagas disease, highlighting the need “to promote the development of public health measures in disease-endemic and disease non-endemic countries, with special focus on endemic areas, for the early diagnosis of congenital transmission and management of cases” [1]. This article summarizes the recommendations of the Technical Group IVa on “Prevention and Control of Congenital Transmission and Case Management of Congenital Infections” of the World Health Organization's Programme on Control of Chagas disease (infection with Trypanosoma cruzi). The present recommendations derive from those obtained in the meetings listed in Box 1. Box 1. Meetings from Which the Present Recommendations Derive Meeting ULB (Belgium)/UMSS (Bolivia)), Cochabamba, Bolivia, November 6–8, 2002: “Congenital Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: From Mechanisms of Transmission to Strategies for Diagnosis And Control”, Carlier Y and Torico F, Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2003, 6: 767–771. Meeting PAHO/CLAP/ULB (Belgium)/IRD (France), Montevideo, Uruguay, June 24–25, 2004: “Congenital Chagas Disease: Its Epidemiology and Management”, http://www.paho. org/English/AD/DPC/CD/dch-chagas-congenita-2004.htm Meeting PAHO/CLAP/ULB (Belgium), Montevideo, Uruguay, May 17–18, 2007: “Information, Education and Communication in Congenital Chagas Disease”, http://www.paho. org/English/AD/DPC/CD/dch-congenita-iec-07.doc Meeting WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, July 4–6, 2007: “Revisiting Chagas Disease: From a Latin American Health Perspective to a Global Health Perspective” Meeting of the WHO TG IVa (congenital and paediatric Chagas disease), New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, December 11, 2008, satellite meeting to the ASTMH 57th annual meeting Meeting of the 6th European Congress of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Verona, Italy, September 6–10, 2009: “Chagas Disease in Europe” Meeting of WHO-HQ and the WHO regional office for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland, December 17–18, 2009: “Consultation on Chagas Disease in Europe”
Efficient Structured Multifrontal Factorization for General Large Sparse Matrices

Rank structures provide an opportunity to develop new efficient numerical methods for practical problems, when the off-diagonal blocks of certain dense intermediate matrices have small (numerical) ranks. In this work, we present a framework of structured direct factorizations for general sparse matrices, including discretized PDEs on general meshes, based on the multifrontal method and hierarchically semiseparable (HSS) matrices. We prove the idea of replacing certain complex structured operations by fast simple ones performed on compact reduced matrix forms. Such forms result from the hierarchical factorization of a tree-structured HSS matrix in a ULV-type scheme, so that the tree structure is reduced into a single node, the root of the original tree. This idea is shown to be very useful in the partial ULV factorization of an HSS matrix (for quickly computing Schur complements) as well as the solution stage. These techniques are then built into the multifrontal method for sparse factorizations after nest.
Evaluating Effect of Albendazole on Trichuris trichiura Infection: A Systematic Review Article

Background: The aim of the study was assessment of defaults and conducted meta-analysis of the efficacy of single-dose oral albendazole against T. trichiura infection. Methods: We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and WHO library databases between 1983 and 2014. Data from 13 clinical trial articles were used. Each article was included the effect of single oral dose (400 mg) albendazole and placebo in treating two groups of patients with T. trichiura infection. For both groups in each article, sample size, the number of those with T. trichiura infection, and the number of those recovered following the intake of albendazole were identified and recorded. The relative risk and variance were computed. Funnel plot, Beggs and Eggers tests were used for assessment of publication bias. The random effect variance shift outlier model and likelihood ratio test were applied for detecting outliers. In order to detect influence, DFFITS values, Cook’s distances and COVRATIO were used. Data were analyzed using STATA and R software Results: The article number 13 and 9 were outlier and influence, respectively. Outlier is diagnosed by variance shift of target study in inferential method and by RR value in graphical method. Funnel plot and Beggs test did not show the publication bias (P=0.272). However, the Eggers test confirmed it (P=0.034). Meta-analysis after removal of article 13 showed that relative risk was 1.99 (CI 95% 1.71 – 2.31). Conclusion: The estimated RR and our meta-analyses show that treatment of T. trichiura with single oral doses of albendazole is unsatisfactory. New anthelminthics are urgently needed.
Chandra Observations of Nuclear Outflows in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4552 in the Virgo Cluster

We use a 54.4 ks Chandra observation to study nuclear outflow activity in NGC 4552 (M89), an elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Cluster. Chandra images in the 0.5-2 keV band show two ringlike features ~1.7 kpc in diameter in the core of NGC 4552, as reported previously by Filho et al. We use spherically symmetric point explosion shock models to argue that the shape of the surface brightness profile across the rims of the rings and the temperature of hot gas in the rings are consistent with a Mach 1.7 shock carrying mean mechanical power Lshock ~ 3 × 1041 ergs s-1 produced by a ~1.4 × 1055 ergs nuclear outburst ~1-2 Myr ago. We find the gas temperature in the central ~100 pc of the galaxy to be 1.0 ± 0.2 keV, hotter than elsewhere in the galaxy, suggesting that we may be directly observing the reheating of the galaxy ISM by the outburst.
An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking

With rapid development of information technology, the banking industry has undergone significant operation changes over the last decade. Owing to few studies have examined the role of privacy concerns, trust and their antecedents in this issue, we consider that it is essential to identify the factors affect the adoption of Internet banking. Therefore, an empirical study was undertaken and the data of 670 responses was collected. In our attempt to bridge this gap, we found that perceived vulnerability and social awareness can significantly affect privacy concerns. In addition, perceived reputation and perceived similarity are also significant antecedents of trust, and it is consistent as prior studies in other fields. Furthermore, we found no support for the hypothesized effect of perceived size on trust as physical e-commerce. Finally, to our surprise, the negative relationship between privacy concerns and behavioral intention does not support. Therefore, bank managers can take these hypotheses into strategic considerations when they popularize the internet banking services to their customers. Since social awareness and perceived vulnerability are the personalities of the customer, banks can enhance their trust by not only reinforcing the physical reputation but also building up more similarity between physical bank and website style of internet banking. In sum, our research provide a different perspective on this critical, and we can reconsider other related factors in the further research.
Detection of severe protein-energy malnutrition by nurses in The Gambia

Aim: To test whether nurses can use the WHO integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) nutrition algorithm to identify reliably severe protein-energy malnutrition in children. Methods: Nurses were trained to identify severe protein-energy malnutrition using IMCI training materials. They identified visible severe wasting and bipedal oedema, and categorised weight-for-age using a growth chart, in consecutive children attending outpatient clinics. Their findings were compared with weight for height Z (WHZ) score, bipedal oedema assessed by a trained observer, and weight-for-age Z score. Results: A total of 352 children were recruited, of whom 34 (9.7%) were severely wasted (WHZ score <−3) and 18 (5.1%) had bipedal oedema. In the detection of severe wasting, the nurses’ assessments showed 56% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 56% positive predictive value (PPV), and for bipedal oedema 22%, 99%, and 57% respectively. Overall, the nurses identified only half of 50 children with severe wasting and/or bipedal oedema and wrongly identified a further 13 children as severely malnourished. Plotting weight for age by the nurses showed 62% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and 89% PPV for the detection of children with very low weight. Conclusions: Severe malnutrition was both under-diagnosed and wrongly diagnosed by nurses trained in the use of the IMCI nutrition algorithm in a clinic setting in The Gambia. These guidelines for health workers and the training materials, particularly with respect to calculation of age, need further development to improve the detection of malnourished children.
Intranasal Steroids and Oral Leukotriene Modifier Therapy in Residual Sleep-Disordered Breathing After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in Children

OBJECTIVE. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) is the primary therapeutic approach for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. However, residual mild SDB will be found in more than one third of these patients after T&A. We hypothesized that combined therapy with the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and intranasal budesonide would result in normalization of residual SDB after T&A. METHODS. During the period of October 2002 to February 2005, children who underwent T&A for SDB underwent a routine postoperative (second) overnight polysomnographic evaluation (PSG) 10 to 14 weeks after T&A surgery. In children with residual apnea hypopnea index (AHI) >1 and <5/hour of total sleep time (TST), treatment with montelukast and intranasal budesonide aqueous solution was administered for a period of 12 weeks (M/B group), at which time a third PSG was performed. Children who had residual SDB and did not receive M/B therapy from their treating physicians were recruited as control subjects. RESULTS. Twenty-two children received M/B, and 14 children served as control subjects. Mean age, gender distribution, ethnicity, and BMI were similar in the 2 treatment groups. The mean AHI at the second PSG was 3.9 ± 1.2/hour of TST and 3.6 ± 1.4/hour of TST in M/B-treated and control patients, respectively. Similar nadir arterial oxygen saturation (87.3 ± 1.2%) and respiratory arousal index (4.6 ± 0.7/hour of TST) were recorded for both groups. However, the M/B group demonstrated significant improvements in AHI (0.3 ± 0.3/hour of TST), in nadir arterial oxygen saturation (92.5 ± 3.0%), and in respiratory arousal index (0.8 ± 0.7/hour of TST) on the third PSG, whereas no significant changes occurred over time in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS. Combined anti-inflammatory therapy that consists of oral montelukast and intranasal budesonide effectively improves and/or normalizes respiratory and sleep disturbances in children with residual SDB after T&A.
Subtyping of gliomas of various WHO grades by the application of immunohistochemistry

In 2010, four subtypes (classical, proneural, mesenchymal, and neural) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were defined by molecular genetic analyses. The objective of this study was to assess whether gliomas, independently of the type and grade, could be subdivided into protein‐based subtypes.
Enduring effects of psychological treatments for anxiety disorders: meta-analysis of follow-up studies

Background It is a widespread opinion that after treatment with psychotherapy, patients with anxiety disorders maintain their gains beyond the active treatment period, whereas patients treated with medication soon experience a relapse after treatment termination. Aims We aimed to provide evidence on whether enduring effects of psychotherapy differ from control groups. Method We searched 93 randomised controlled studies with 152 study arms of psychological treatment (cognitive–behavioural therapy or other psychotherapies) for panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder that included follow-up assessments. In a meta-analysis, pre-post effect sizes for end-point and all follow-up periods were calculated and compared with control groups (medication: n = 16 study arms; pill and psychological placebo groups: n = 17 study arms). Results Gains with psychotherapy were maintained for up to 24 months. For cognitive–behavioural therapy, we observed a significant improvement over time. However, patients in the medication group remained stable during the treatment-free period, with no significant difference when compared with psychotherapy. Patients in the placebo group did not deteriorate during follow-up, but showed significantly worse outcomes than patients in cognitive–behavioural therapy. Conclusions Not only psychotherapy, but also medications and, to a lesser extent, placebo conditions have enduring effects. Long-lasting treatment effects observed in the follow-up period may be superimposed by effects of spontaneous remission or regression to the mean. Declaration of interest In the past 12 months and in the near future, Dr Bandelow has been/will be on the speakers/advisory board for Hexal, Mundipharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer and Servier. Dr Wedekind was on the speakers' board of AstraZeneca, Essex Pharma, Lundbeck and Servier. All other authors have nothing to declare.
Link Monotonic Allocation Schemes

A network is a graph where the nodes represent players and the links represent bilateral interaction between the players. A reward game assigns a value to every network on a fixed set of players. An allocation scheme specifies how to distribute the worth of every network among the players. This allocation scheme is link monotonic if extending the network does not decrease the payoff of any player. We characterize the class of reward games that have a link monotonic allocation scheme. Two allocation schemes for reward games are studied, the Myerson allocation scheme and the position allocation scheme, which are both based on allocation rules for communication situations. We introduce two notions of convexity in the setting of reward games and with these notions of convexity we characterize the classes of reward games where the Myerson allocation scheme and the position allocation scheme are link monotonic. As a by-product we find a characterization of the Myerson value and the position value on the class of reward games using potentials.
The Anxious Times

Print media retains a significant role in shaping social discourses about mental health. Recent Australian studies have identified a significant social stigma and poor mental health literacy concerning anxiety disorders which prevents individuals from seeking help. No studies to date have explored the representation of anxiety in Australian print media. Targeting this research gap, our study explores models of disability present in 83 articles specifically covering anxiety disorders and published by The Australian newspaper between 2000 and 2015. Using a critical approach to content analysis, the analysis identified the presence of established traditional and progressive media models of disability. Our analysis also identified further supplementary discourses of awareness, nature and risk, thereby extending existing models identified by Clogston (1990) and Haller (2000). These discourses can be seen to both support and challenge traditional discourses of mental ill health according to the context in which the discussion of anxiety is presented. As this study reveals an ongoing potential for newspaper discussion of anxiety to increase stigma, it is important that students, journalists and editors (where necessary) work to challenge dominant discourses which promote traditional stigmatizing discourses of mental ill health.
Experiences of occupational stress and social support in Australian Football League senior coaches

Sports coaching has evolved into a recognizable occupation that requires multiple roles and responsibilities. The Australian Football League is considered one of the highest profile sports in Australia, and as a result, Australian Football League coaches are perceived to operate in a complex and stressful environment; yet, there is no evidence to support this notion. The purpose of this research was, therefore, to examine the experiences of occupational stress and social support of Australian Football League senior coaches. A total of 12 senior Australian Football League coaches were involved in one semi-structured interview. Five themes emerged from the findings. These included: (i) pressurized workplace environments; (ii) development and improvement of others and self; (iii) accountabilities and responsibilities to others; (iv) advice, support and comfort from others and (v) stress and adversity—the ramifications. This research has contributed to the Australian sports coaching industry and is a critical step in gaining a richer and broader understanding of stress and social support among elite coaches globally.
Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Without Arthritis Treated With Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Background: Irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears without arthritis is a challenging clinical problem in young adults. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has been proposed as one of the surgical treatment options for this condition. Methods: In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of RTSA for the management of irreparable RC tears without arthritis based on authors personal experience and available scientific literature. Results: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a constrained arthroplasty system that can allow the deltoid and remaining rotator cuff to substitute for the lost function of irreparable RC. Furthermore, the pain relief is consistent with often a dramatic improvement in patient comfort, shoulder function and stability. In patients with pseudoparalysis of the shoulder without advanced arthritis, RTSA effectively restores forward elevation above the shoulder but may not dramatically improve external (ER) or internal rotation (IR). However, due to concerns over implant longevity, caution has to be exercised when using RTSA for symptomatic irreparable RC tears with preserved active forward elevation (AFE) and in patients less than 65 years of age. Conclusion: RTSA is a reasonable surgical option for irreparable rotator cuff repair without arthritis. However, caution should be exercised when offering RTSA to young patients and patient without pseudoparalysis because they can have a higher complication and dissatisfaction rate. In addition, longevity of RTSA and subsequent need for revision surgery remains a significant concern in this population.
Modular invariance of vertex operator algebras satisfying $C_{2}$-cofiniteness

We show that C_2-cofiniteness is enough to prove a modular invariance property of vertex operator algebras without assuming the semisimplicity of Zhu algebra. For example, if a VOA V=\oplus_{m=0}^{\infty}V_m is C_2-cofinite, then the space spanned by generalized characters of V-modules is invariant under the action of SL_2(\Z). In this case, the central charge and conformal weights are all rational numbers. Namely, a VOA satisfying C_2-cofiniteness is a rational conformal field theory in a sense. We also show that C_2-cofiniteness is equivalent to the condition that every weak module is an \N-graded weak module which is a direct sum of generalized eigenspaces of L(0).
Clinical value of the quantitative expression of the three epitopes of CD34 in 300 cases of acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The various epitopes of the CD34 molecule have been classified according to their different sensitivities to enzymatic cleavage by neuraminidase, chymopapain and a glycoprotease from Pasteurella haemolytica. Although monoclonal antibodies have been developed that specifically identify these epitopes, few studies have evaluated the distribution and quantitative expression of such epitopes on leukemic blasts. DESIGN AND METHODS We report here a prospective multicenter study in which we examined and quantified the expression of the 3 classes of CD34 on fresh leukemic blast cells from 300 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The binding of monoclonal antibodies was studied by flow cytometry, allowing evaluation of blast cell positivity as well as their mean fluorescence intensity. These quantitative data were made comparable between centers by means of a calibration curve established with the same reagents in all laboratories. RESULTS Quantitative expression of class I epitope was significantly higher than that of class II and class III epitopes (p<0.0001). The three classes were more frequently expressed in M0 and M1 and less in M3 and M5. The highest levels of CD34 expression were observed in M2, M0 and M1 and the lowest in M3, M5 and BAL for class II and III. CD34 expression was lower for all classes in cases with a normal karyotype, compared to in cases with structural or numerical abnormalities. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS In cases with a t(9;22) the expression of class I was significantly higher than that of class II and III and the opposite was observed in AML with t(15;17). Moreover, as a whole, a high intensity of class III CD34 appeared to be a marker of good prognosis.
Transportation activity analysis using smartphones

Transportation activity surveys investigate when, where and how people travel in urban areas to provide information necessary for urban transportation planning. In Singapore, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) carries out such a survey amongst households every four years. The survey is conducted through conventional questionnaires and travel diaries. However, the conventional surveys are problematic and error-prone. We are developing a smartphone-based transportation activity survey system to replace the traditional household surveys, which can potentially be used by LTA in future.
A mixed-signal co-simulation environment for brushless DC motors

The well-known electromechanical motor model applied to permanent magnet motors relies on several simplifications which seriously limit its ability to rigorously model state-of-the-art sensor-less drives. Two distinctive assumptions made in its derivation are that saturation effects imposed by the magnetic core are neglected and that the motor is assumed to be non-salient. As a consequence, modern position detection methods used in standstill or during start-up in sensor-less control systems cannot be simulated, verified, or optimized with such a model. The overcome these drawbacks, we significantly extend the classical motor model by incorporating nonlinearities caused by saturation effects in the core. It this contribution, we report on this novel model and demonstrate its applicability for correct verification of sensor-less control methods using reactance measurements for angular rotor position detection.
Decay estimates for a viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions

Global classical solutions to the viscous Hamilton–Jacobi equation ut −Δu = a|∇u| in (0,∞)×Ω with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions are shown to converge to zero in W 1,∞(Ω) at the same speed as the linear heat semigroup when p > 1. For p = 1, an exponential decay to zero is also obtained but the rate depends on a and differs from that of the linear heat equation. Finally, if p ∈ (0, 1) and a < 0, finite time extinction occurs for non-negative solutions.