Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adoptive T-cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumours

Solid tumours can be eradicated by infusion of large amounts of tumour-specific T-cells in animal models. The successes seen in preclinical models, however, have not been adequately translated to human disease due, in part, to the inability to expand tumour antigen-specific T-cells ex vivo. Polyclonality and retention of antigen-specificity are two important properties of infused T-cells that are necessary for successful eradication of tumours. Investigators are beginning to evaluate the impact of attempting to reconstitute full T-cell immunity representing both major T-cell subsets, cytolytic T-cells and T-helper (Th) cells. One of the more important and often overlooked steps of successful adoptive T-cell therapy is the ex vivo expansion conditions, which can dramatically alter the phenotype of the T-cell. A number of cytokines and other soluble activation factors that have been characterised over the last decade are now available to supplement in vitro antigen presentation and IL-2. Newer molecular techniques have been developed and are aimed at genetically altering the characteristics of T-cells including their antigen-specificity and growth in vivo. In addition, advanced imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), are being implemented in order to better define the in vivo function of ex vivo expanded tumour-specific T-cells.
iREX: inter-domain QoS automation using economics

This paper introduces the inter-domain Resource Exchange (iREX) architecture for the automated deployment of end to end (E2E) inter-domain (ID) quality of service (QoS) policy among multiple Internet Service Providers (ISPs). iREX uses economics and fully distributed mechanisms to allow source domains to self-manage the deployment of E2E ID QoS policy while promoting congestion-avoidance by employing a distributed resource selection process that selects the least congested ID resources for deployment paths. With iREX, domains advertise its available ID QoS network resources for "sale" to their neighboring domains. Domains receiving these advertisements evaluate and filter the advertised resources according to their price and reputation before disseminating the advertisements to neighboring domains. Source domains needing to deploy E2E ID QoS policy use the advertised resource information to select a source routed path to the destination and establish bilateral agreements directly with each resource provider along the path.
Simple Selection of Utile Control Rules in Speedup Learning

Many recent approaches to avoiding the utility problem in speedup learning rely on sophisticated utility measures and signi(cid:12)cant numbers of training data to accurately estimate the utility of control knowledge. Empirical results presented here and elsewhere indicate that a simple selection strategy of retaining all control rules derived from a training problem explanation quickly de(cid:12)nes an e(cid:14)-cient set of control knowledge from few training problems. This simple selection strategy provides a low-cost alternative to example-intensive approaches for improving the speed of a problem solver.
Auger-electron cascades in diamond and amorphous carbon

We have analyzed cascades of secondary electrons in diamond and amorphous carbon generated by the thermalization of a single Auger electron. The elastic electron mean free path was calculated as a function of impact energy in the muffin-tin potential approximation. The inelastic scattering cross section and the energy loss of electrons ~expressed in terms of the differential inverse mean free path! were estimated from two ‘‘optical’’ models that utilize the measured dielectric constants of the materials. Using these data, a Monte Carlo model describing the time evolution of the cascade was constructed. The results show that at most around 20‐ 40 secondary cascade electrons are released by a single Auger electron in a macroscopic sample of diamond or amorphous carbon. Consideration of the real band structure of diamond reduces this number further. The release of the cascade electrons happens within the first 100 fs after the emission of the primary Auger electron. The results have implications to planned experiments with femtosecond x-ray sources.
Nonparametric Divergence Estimation with Applications to Machine Learning on Distributions

Low-dimensional embedding, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection are among the most important problems in machine learning. The existing methods usually consider the case when each instance has a fixed, finite-dimensional feature representation. Here we consider a different setting. We assume that each instance corresponds to a continuous probability distribution. These distributions are unknown, but we are given some i.i. d. samples from each distribution. Our goal is to estimate the distances between these distributions and use these distances to perform low-dimensional embedding, clustering/classification, or anomaly detection for the distributions. We present estimation algorithms, describe how to apply them for machine learning tasks on distributions, and show empirical results on synthetic data, real word images, and astronomical data sets.
Continuous Review Inventory Model with Dynamic Choice of Two Freight Modes with Fixed Costs

We analyze a continuous review (Q, r) stochastic inventory model in which orders placed with a make-to-order manufacturer can be shipped via two alternative freight modes differing in lead time and costs. The costs of placing an order and using each freight mode consist of fixed components and hence exhibit economies of scale. We derive an optimal policy for using the two freight modes for shipping each order. This freight-mode decision is delayed until manufacturing is complete and the optimal policy uses information about the demand incurred in the meantime. Furthermore, given that the two freight modes are used optimally for shipping each order, we solve our model for reorder point and order quantity that minimizes cost. We analyze the cost savings achieved from postponing the freight-mode decision and provide analytical and numerical comparisons between the solutions to our two-freight model and single-freight models. Finally, we illustrate the properties of the solution to our model using an extensive set of numerical examples.
Trait anxiety, neuroticism, and the brain basis of vulnerability to affective disorders

Studies of the brain basis of “normative” or “healthy” processing of emotionally salient stimuli have flourished over the last two decades. An initial focus on regions implicated in the detection of emotionally salient stimuli (Morris et al., 1996; Whalen et al., 1998) has broadened to include discussion of mechanisms supporting regulatory functions (Bishop, Duncan, Brett, & Lawrence, 2004; Davidson, 2002; Ochsner, Bunge, Gross, & Gabrieli, 2002; Kim, Somerville, Johnstone, Alexander, & Whalen, 2003; Phelps, Delgado, Nearing, & LeDoux, 2004). Running in parallel to this literature, psychiatric imaging studies have described alterations in brain function across a wide range of anxiety and depressive disorders (for reviews and meta-analyses see Etkin & Wager, 2007; Ressler & Mayberg, 2007; Shin & Liberzon, 2010; Stein 2009). The study of the brain mechanisms underlying vulnerability to disorder has, for some reason, fallen outside of the primary spotlight. We argue that work of this nature is critical to bridging studies in healthy volunteer and patient groups and to identifying the pathways through which risk to affective illness is conferred. Understanding the brain basis of vulnerability to affective disorder goes hand in hand with a focus on individual variation and, in particular, trait differences in the mechanisms supporting the detection and controlled processing of emotional stimuli. How do we study trait differences in vulnerability to anxiety and depressive disorders and try to unpack the brain mechanisms though which these might act? A number of approaches have been adopted, with both shared and unique advantages and limitations. Studies of the brain basis of vulnerability to affective disorders typically rely on recruiting nonclinical volunteer samples and then regressing scores on self-report measures of trait affect or experience of disorderrelated symptomatology against indices of brain function or structure. It is important to remember that this approach is correlational in nature, and hence no conclusions can be drawn about the direction of causality. For example, if we find that, in a student
TRAFFIC FLOW ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL COUNT DOWN SIGNALIZED URBAN INTERSECTION

Intersections are bottleneck in the urban highway network and critical determinant of system's capacity, efficiency and safety. Recently, several countdown timers had been installed at intersections in Kuala Lumpur and some other cities in Malaysia. The function of these timers is to aid drivers to judge the amount of time left for them to get the green signal for starting their vehicles. This advance information is supposed to help drivers in reducing their initial delay especially for the first few vehicles. In the present research one intersection in a non-CBD area has been analyzed to study the effect of count down timer on driver behavior and intersection approach capacity. The data is collected at the same intersection before and after the installation of count down signal in order to exclusively study the effect of timer, keeping other factors the same. The intersection approach capacity of countdown signal is compared with normal signal and other standards. The study suggests that countdown timer has got very little effect on capacity. Though there is large variation in capacity values for different cycles, but the average capacity values for both countdown and normal signal approach are very close to US Highway Capacity Manual values. For the safety level comparison of conventional and timer signalized intersections the data for red light running is analyzed and results are reported.
Physics and chemistry of hot molecular cores

Abstract Young massive star-forming regions are known to produce hot molecular gas cores (HMCs) with a rich chemistry. While this chemistry is interesting in itself, it also allows to investigate important physical parameters. I will present recent results obtained with high-angular-resolution interferometers disentangling the small-scale structure and complexity of various molecular gas components. Early attempts to develop a chemical evolutionary sequence are discussed. Furthermore, I will outline the difficulty to isolate the right molecular lines capable to unambiguously trace potential massive accretion disks.
The Sensitivity of Producer Prices to Exchange Rates: Insights from Micro Data

This paper studies the sensitivity of Canadian producer prices to the Canada-U.S. exchange rate. Using a unique product-level price data set, we estimate and analyze the impact of movements in the exchange rate on both domestic and export producer prices. First, we find that both domestic and export prices are sensitive to movements in the exchange rate. A one percent depreciation in Canadian dollar is associated with a 0.18 (0.25 conditional on price changes in the currency of pricing) percent increase in domestic prices, and a 0.39 (0.60 conditional on price changes in the currency of pricing) percent increase in export prices (once prices are converted into a single currency). Next, we find that there is an important difference in export price sensitivity to the exchange rate depending on the currency of pricing. Those Canadian producers that invoice their exported products in Canadian dollars do not adjust prices to movements in the exchange rate. Meanwhile, those invoicing in U.S. dollars increase their Canadian dollar prices when the Canadian dollar depreciates. Finally, for the same good sold in both the domestic and U.S. markets, the currency of pricing appears to play an important role in determining mark-up adjustment and the degree of pricing to market. These findings shed light on understanding the sources of incomplete exchange rate pass-through into import prices, as well as the indirect effect of the exchange rates on domestic prices through import competition and the use of imported inputs.
Ethnic reindeer herders: Groupness among reindeer-herding Sámi in Northwest Finnish Lapland

In the article, we examine the ethnic groupness among Sámi reindeer herders in Northwest Finnish Lapland. According to our results, reindeer herders recognize different groupnessess. Sáminess is perceived as an ethnic and often local, family-related groupness. Moreover, Sámi ethnicity is closely bound to the local herding life on the fells, in the cultural landscape of nomadism. Finnishness, on the other hand, involves meanings relating to the state and nation in particular. The interviews provide indications of the general rise of Sámi culture, the long-term influence of Finnish culture and the state and the multidimensional nature of ethnicities in everyday life, that is, an overlapping and richness of ethnicities and identifications.
THE IMPACT OF NEUTRINO MAGNETIC MOMENTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE STARS

We explore the sensitivity of massive stars to neutrino magnetic moments. We find that the additional cooling due to the neutrino magnetic moments brings about qualitative changes to the structure and evolution of stars in the mass window 7 M☉ ≲ M ≲ 18 M☉, rather than simply changing the timescales for the burning. We describe some of the consequences of this modified evolution: the shifts in the threshold masses for creating core-collapse supernovae and oxygen–neon–magnesium white dwarfs and the appearance of a new type of supernova in which a partial carbon–oxygen core explodes within a massive star. The resulting sensitivity to the magnetic moment is at the level of (2–4) × 10−11 μB.
Macrocell-Wide Behavior of the Orthogonality Factor in WCDMA Downlinks

The orthogonality factor (OF) quantifies the loss of orthogonality between the signals transmitted simultaneously on a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) downlink due to multipath dispersion. It is one of the fundamental parameters that determines the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the output of a Rake receiver and, consequently, it has a significant impact on downlink system capacity. The OF depends greatly on the delay profile of the multipath channel between the mobile and its serving base station; this profile varies considerably from one location in the cell to another. In this paper, we study how the statistical properties of the small-scale-fading-averaged OF vary over the entire macrocellular area. We use an ensemble of channel profiles at different locations in a cell generated from an implementation of the comprehensive COST259 channel model, which incorporates results from several experimental investigations. We show that the small-scale-fading-averaged OF is itself a random variable whose statistics depend on the mobile's distance from its serving base station. The large observed variance of the OF indicates that using a single value for all users in downlink capacity analyses and simulations, as has been the practice, may lead to erroneous conclusions. Finally, we propose a simple model that closely matches the statistics of the OF as a function of mobile-to-base distance, thus obviating the need to set up the complicated channel model every time OF values are to be generated
Does picky eating behavior exist in university students

The aim of this study was to assess picky eating behavior existence among university students. This was an observational cross sectional study design. The sample size was calculated by using single proportion formula based on the adult prevalence of picky eating of 28.7 % which gives a sample of ~ 324 students. However, 407 students online registered to participate out which 403 students responded. A set of questionnaire was posted online. The questionnaire contained three sections which are demographic information, determinants of picky eating behavior and normal eating behaviors. Furthermore, the students were categorized as non-picky eating behavior, moderate picky eating behavior, and extreme picky eating behavior. The statistical analysis carried out was mainly descriptive in order to determine the extent of picky eating behavior among the university students. Student t-test was used to find the differences between picky and non-picky eaters in terms of eating behaviors. Among the students possessing non picky eating behavior, moderate picky eating behavior and extreme picky eating behavior were 168 (41.69%), were 130(32.26%), 105(26.05%) respectively. On overall basis 235(58.31 %) of the students were having picky eating behavior. The present study revealed that picky eating behavior exists among the university students which need to be addressed.
NATURAL HISTORY OF ONCHOCERCIASIS*

Since the first description of ocular onchocerciasis in Africa was published (Hissette, 1931) many records have been made of the ocular lesions (e.g. Bryant, 1935; Hissette, 1938; Toulant and Boithias, 1952a, 1952b, 1954; World Health Organization Regional Conference on Onchocerciasis, 1956). However, no detailed account has been written of the progress of ocular signs and visual acuity in an untreated community, nor has any serious attempt been made to study the prognosis of ocular lesions in onchocerciasis. The need for such assessment is indicated by recent estimates that the disease is the cause of blindness in 10,000 persons in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (Waddy, 1956) and 20,000 persons in Northern Nigeria (Budden, 1956) and by the discovery of increasing numbers of Europeans suffering from early ocular lesions acquired in these territories. Recently an investigation was completed in which a record was made of the changes in visual acuity which occurred during a few years in a village community. In this paper these changes are related to the age, intensity of infection, distribution of microfilariae, and changes in ocular signs. Moreover, an attempt is made to classify the patients seen in Nigeria with a view to providing some guide to prognosis and some indication of which patients require treatment to prevent serious loss of vision.
Eddies as offshore foraging grounds for melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra)

Abstract : Movements of upper trophic level predators in an open ocean environment should be driven, in part, by the distribution, density, and movements of their prey. Surveys have shown that cetacean densities are higher closer to shore around the main Hawaiian Islands than in offshore waters (Barlow 2006), presumably reflecting increased productivity or spatial and temporal predictability of prey associated with island effects (Baird et al. 2008a). A number of high trophic level pelagic species have been shown to concentrate around and/or use mesoscale eddies as foraging habitat (e.g., Davis et al. 2002, Seki et al. 2002, Bakun 2006, Polovina et al. 2006, Yen et al. 2006). The islands, and their interaction with winds and currents, create a complex system of eddies that may also concentrate some prey types farther offshore (Seki et al. 2002), but whether island-associated cetacean populations use these offshore eddy systems for foraging habitat is unknown. Melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) are a tropical delphinid that primarily inhabits open-ocean waters and is known to feed on mesopelagic squid and fish (Best and Shaughnessy 1981, Clarke and Young 1998). In Hawaiian waters, these whales are encountered relatively infrequently. Around the main Hawaiian Islands, two populations have been identified: a main Hawaiian Islands population and a population resident to the island of Hawai i (Aschettino et al. 2011). As part of a multispecies study examining movements and habitat use of cetaceans around the main Hawaiian Islands (e.g., Schorr et al. 2009, Baird et al. 2010), individual melonheaded whales from the main Hawaiian Islands population have been instrumented with satellite tags for various purposes (e.g., Baird et al. 2008b), including to assess their movements in relation to mesoscale eddies, to determine whether they use offshore eddy systems as foraging habitat.
Self-injury group psychotherapy intervention for young offenders: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Objective: Self-injury (SI) is a significant and growing problem with the prison estate and a particularly acute issue with young offenders. Despite this, there are no evidence-based interventions for Young Offenders with SI difficulties. The Self-Injury Group Psychotherapy Intervention (SIGPI) was developed to target this. Method: Drawing on existing evidence, the group was developed and piloted on a sample of 12 male Young Offenders (mean age 19.85 years) in custody with a history of SI. Participants were measured on observable SI behaviour, SI thoughts and urges and psychological distress. A within subject design was utilised with measures at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Results: At 12 months follow-up, a significant reduction in SI acts, time spent on SI monitoring, severity of urges and difficulty resisting SI. Psychological distress was also reduced. Conclusions: SIGPI could be a potentially promising intervention and further investigation into its efficacy is warranted.
Social, geographical, and lexical influence on Dutch dialect pronunciations

Wieling et al. (2011) combined generalized additive modeling (GAM) with mixed-effects regression modeling to identify the influence of social, lexical, and geographical variables on the variation of Dutch dialect pronunciations. The conclusion of their study was that the pronunciation distance from standard Dutch became greater for locations with a smaller population, a higher average age (of the inhabitants), words with a greater frequency, and words with relatively many vowels. When Wieling et al. (2011) performed their quantitative study in 2011, they were not able to analyze the dataset in a single generalized additive mixed-effects regression model due to the large size of the dataset. Instead, they first used a generalized additive model to represent geography and included the fitted values of this non-linear model as a predictor in a linear mixed-effects regression model. As more advanced methods to fit generalized additive mixed-effects regression models have become available, we improve on their approach here by constructing a single generalized additive (i.e. non-linear) mixed-effects regression model in which the non-linear geographical influence is varied depending on word frequency and word category (i.e. verbs vs. non-verbs). Non-verbs and higher frequency words generally showed a higher pronunciation distance from standard Dutch than lower frequency words and verbs. In contrast to Wieling et al. (2011), we did not find enough support to include the number of inhabitants and the average income in a location in our model. However, we did find a comparable effect of the vowel-consonant ratio. Our findings highlight the potential of using generalized additive modeling to uncover significant non-linear patterns, while simultaneously allowing for the inclusion of regular (linear) predictors and an extensive random effects structure.
An Adaptive Natural Language System That Listens, Asks, And Learns

Whan a usar intaracts with a natural language system, ha may wall uaa words and expressions which ware not anticipated by tha systea designers. This paper describes a systea which can play TIC-TAC-TOE, and discuss tha game while it Is in progress. If the systea encounters new words, new expressions, or inadvertent ungrammatlcalltles, It attempts to understand what was meant, through contextual inference, and by asking intelligent clarifying questions of the user. The systea than records the meaning of any new words or expressions, thus augmenting its linguistic knowledge in the course of usar interaction.