Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of 9 Days of Bed Rest on Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Action, Insulin Secretion, and Whole-Body Lipolysis in Healthy Young Male Offspring of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of 9 days of bed rest on insulin secretion, insulin action, and whole-body glucose and fat metabolism in first-degree relative (FDR) and matched control (CON) subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 13 FDR and 20 CON subjects participated in the study. All were studied before and after 9 days of bed rest using the clamp technique combined with indirect calorimetry preceded by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Glucose and glycerol turnover rates were studied using stable isotope kinetics. RESULTS Bed rest caused a significant decrease in whole-body insulin sensitivity in both groups. Hepatic insulin resistance was elevated in FDR subjects prior to bed rest and was significantly augmented by bed rest in FDR (P < 0.01) but not in CON (P = NS) subjects. The rate of whole-body lipolysis decreased during bed rest in both FDR and CON subjects, with no significant differences between the groups. Insulin resistance induced by bed rest was fully accounted for by the impairment of nonoxidative glucose metabolism in both groups (overall P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Whole-body insulin action in both insulin-resistant FDR and healthy CON subjects deteriorates with 9 days of bed rest, converging toward similar degrees of whole-body insulin resistance. FDR subjects exhibit hepatic insulin resistance (HIR), which, in contrast to CON subjects, deteriorates in response to physical inactivity. FDR subjects exhibit reduced insulin secretion when seen in relation to their degree of HIR but not peripheral insulin resistance.
TRAINING CRITICAL THINKING FOR THE BATTLEFIELD VOLUME I : BASIS IN COGNITIVE THEORY AND RESEARCH

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing the reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Distribution authorized to U.S. Government Agencies only; report contains proprietary data produced under SBIR Contract No. DASW01-97-C-0038. Other requests shall be referred to the performing organization in Block 7 of this form. The three volumes of this report describe research findings on three closely related fronts: (1) Development of a theory of the cognitive skills that individuals need to make effective decisions in fast-paced and uncertain environments; (2) development and testing of methods for training critical thinking skills on the battlefield; and (3) development of an advanced system architecture to support adaptive instruction and feedback in critical thinking training. Theory development focused on mental models and critical thinking about mental models in a team context, where initiative might be necessary. Training addressed mental models and critical thinking on three major themes: purpose, time, and maneuver. The training was utilized and successfully tested in an advanced tactics course at the Command and General Staff College. Finally, algorithms were developed to simulate both rapid recognitional responding and more reflective reasoning when time is available.
INTRACELLULAR ION CONCENTRATIONS IN BRANCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA L.) DETERMINED BY X-RAY MICROANALYSIS

The intracellular concentrations of sodium, chloride, phosphorus and potassium under normal conditions in pavement epithelial (PE) cells of brown trout (Salmo trutta) gill were 66, 51, 87 and 88 mmol l-1 respectively. The concentrations of these elements under identical conditions in mitochondria-rich (MR) cells were not significantly different, except for that of chlorine, which was lower in MR cells (40 mmol l-1). The concentration of sodium in the PE cells decreased slightly after exposure of the fish to low external [Na+] (25 µmol l-1) for 7 days but increased greatly within 5 min of subsequent exposure to 1 mmol l-1 external Na+. These changes in external [Na+] had no significant effect on MR cells. Exposure of fish to low [Cl-] (25 µmol l-1) had no effect on PE or MR cells, but on exposure to 1 mmol l-1 Cl- the concentrations of chlorine, phosphorus and potassium in both types of cells increased, whilst the intracellular sodium concentration decreased only in MR cells. The PE cells were little affected by exposure of the fish to the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. In contrast, 0.5 mmol l-1 external acetazolamide caused a significant decrease in intracellular phosphorus, chlorine and potassium concentrations in MR cells. This suggests that the PE cells are the sites of sodium uptake in the gills of the brown trout and that chloride uptake occurs via the MR cells. These results are discussed with respect to the sites and possible mechanisms of ionic exchange in freshwater vertebrates.
A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Approach to the Optimal Reconfiguration of Electrical Distribution Networks with Embedded Generators

The paper focuses on the solution of the minimum loss reconfiguration problem of distribution networks, including embedded generation, by means of a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The proposed model takes into account typical operating constraints of distribution networks (radial configuration, branch ampacity limits and bus voltage requirements). The accuracy of the results and the computational performances of the proposed MILP model are evaluated by making reference to test networks already adopted in the literature for the problem of interest.
The Disk Fractions of Brown Dwarfs in IC 348 and Chamaeleon I

Using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have obtained mid-infrared photometry for 25 and 18 low-mass members of the IC 348 and Chamaeleon I star-forming clusters, respectively (>M6, M ≲ 0.08 M☉). We find that 42% ± 13% and 50% ± 17% of the two samples exhibit excess emission indicative of circumstellar disks. In comparison, the disk fractions for stellar members of these clusters are 33% ± 4% and 45% ± 7% (M0-M6, 0.7 M☉ ≳ M ≳ 0.1 M☉). The similarity in the disk fractions of stars and brown dwarfs is consistent with a common formation mechanism and indicates that the raw materials for planet formation are available around brown dwarfs as often as around stars.
physiological function of parotid acinar cells is the production of saliva , a watery fluid containing electrolytes and a complex mixture of proteins (

The major physiological function of parotid acinar cells is the production of saliva, a watery fluid containing electrolytes and a complex mixture of proteins (Cook et al., 1994; Melvin et al., 2005). The driving force for fluid and electrolyte secretion is the vectoral, trans-epithelial movement of Cl. Cl is accumulated intracellularly via the concerted effort of several transporters, and after gustatory and olfactory stimulation, Cl exits into the lumen of the gland (Cook et al., 1994; Melvin et al., 2005). Sensory stimulation results in the release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves and subsequently activates a signaling cascade, which ultimately causes an increase in the intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca]i (Putney, 1986). The widely accepted model explaining the molecular mechanism underlying the secretion of the primary acinar cell fluid posits that Ca plays a pivotal role in the activation of two major effectors absolutely required for saliva secretion (Putney, 1986). Of primary importance is the activation of a Ca-activated Cl conductance, recently identified as a member of the TMEM16a gene family (Schroeder et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008; Romanenko et al., 2010a).
Absorptive and mucus-secreting subclones isolated from a multipotent intestinal cell line (HT-29) provide new models for cell polarity and terminal differentiation

A clone HT29-18 has been isolated from the parent cell line HT-29, which derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma (Fogh, J., and G. Trempe, 1975, Human Tumor Cells in Vitro, J. Fogh, editor, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 115-141). This clone is able to differentiate as the parent cell line does. Differentiation occurs when glucose is replaced by galactose in the culture medium (Pinto, M., M.D. Appay, P. Simon-Assman, G. Chevalier, N. Dracopoli, J. Fogh, and A. Zweibaum, 1982, Biol. Cell., 44:193-196). We demonstrate here that the differentiated cloned population HT29-18/gal is heterogenous: although 90% of the cells show morphological characteristics of "absorptive cells", only 20-30% of them display sucrase-isomaltase in their apical microvillar membranes. About 10% of the entire cell population consists of cells containing mucous granules similar to intestinal goblet cells. We have isolated two subclones, HT29-18-C1 and HT29-18-N2, from the differentiated HT29-18/gal cells. HT29-18-C1 cells show morphological characteristics of polarized absorptive cells, when growing either in glucose- or in galactose-containing media, but the sucrase-isomaltase is not expressed in the cells grown in glucose-containing medium. The clone HT29-18-N2 is also polarized in both culture conditions and is similar to globlet cells in vivo. It grows as a monolayer, exhibits tight junctions, and contains numerous mucous granules whose exocytosis can be triggered by carbachol, a parasympathomimetic drug. We conclude that the clone HT29-18 first isolated was a multipotent cell population from which we isolated several subclones that differentiate either as absorptive (HT29-18-C1) or as mucous (HT29-18-N2) cells. In contrast to the parent HT-29 cell line, the subclones retain most of their differentiated properties in glucose-containing medium.
Do Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain Benefit From Early Intervention Regarding Absence From Work?

Study Design. A randomized, controlled, single-center pilot study. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of running a trial to explore if early intervention in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) would lead to an early return to work (RTW) and reduce sick leave during 12 months of follow-up compared with patients on a 3-month waiting list. Summary of Background Data. Back pain is the reason for numerous absent days from work. In Norway, the government initiated a priority program, Earlier Return to Work (ERTW), to reduce work absences through early intervention. However, no proper evaluation has been performed on populations with CLBP. There is no consensus on how RTW should be measured. Only a few studies have examined how waiting time affects RTW. Methods. Fifty-eight patients were included in the study. The group with early intervention was examined within 2 weeks, and the group on the waiting list was examined after 12 weeks. The intervention was identical in both groups and consisted of an outpatient, intensive back school. The data were obtained by questionnaire after 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome was absence from work. Results. The sample size in a full-scale study must comprise at least 382 patients on the basis of the assumptions in the pilot. In the pilot study, early intervention directly compared with an ordinary waiting list did not significantly affect the number of sick leave days after 12 months of follow-up. Conclusion. A prerequisite for launching a full-scale clinical trial is a redesign of the intervention, an improvement of procedures concerning inclusion and randomization, and finally a more precise definition of RTW. Level of Evidence: 3
Effects of rational emotive behavioural therapy module on irrational beliefs and job stress among University Support Staff

The pressure of workforce to perform maximum output and enhance competitiveness caused the employees to experience stress at the workplace especially among support staff. Based on the Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) approach, stresses among individuals are largely due to irrational beliefs of a person. The REBT is one of the cognitive behaviour therapy approaches that concentrates on cognitive, emotive and behaviour. However, the development of module that focuses on cognitive aspects in the REBT approach to lessen irrational beliefs and job stress among university support staff is yet to be fully developed. The study developed a REBT Module that has high validity and reliability, and investigated its effects on irrational beliefs and job stress among university support staff. An experimental research which used control group experimental design was employed in this research. The developed REBT Module and Staff Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ) were tested for their validity and reliability in this study. Using random sampling, 60 support staff from a private university in Perak answered the SBQ and Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 16.0. Inferential statistic, namely independent t-test and paired sample t-test were employed in order to test the hypotheses. The effect size was also used to determine the magnitude of REBT Module treatment. The findings indicated that the REBT Module which consists of four sub modules, namely Self-acceptance, Feelings, Beliefs and Disputation had high validity (.91) and reliability (.98) values. In addition, the results of the experimental study showed that there were significant differences between the pre-test and post-test of experimental group, and post-test between experimental group and control group for irrational beliefs, job stress, subscales of irrational beliefs and subscales of job stress. In conclusion, the module developed based on the REBT approach is suitable for support staff in the university to lessen irrational beliefs and job stress.
Characterization of anisotropy in high angular resolution diffusion‐weighted MRI

The methods of group theory are applied to the problem of characterizing the diffusion measured in high angular resolution MR experiments. This leads to a natural representation of the local diffusion in terms of spherical harmonics. In this representation, it is shown that isotropic diffusion, anisotropic diffusion from a single fiber, and anisotropic diffusion from multiple fiber directions fall into distinct and separable channels. This decomposition can be determined for any voxel without any prior information by a spherical harmonic transform, and for special cases the magnitude and orientation of the local diffusion may be determined. Moreover, non‐diffusion–related asymmetries produced by experimental artifacts fall into channels distinct from the fiber channels, thereby allowing their separation and a subsequent reduction in noise from the reconstructed fibers. In the case of a single fiber, the method reduces identically to the standard diffusion tensor method. The method is applied to normal volunteer brain data collected with a stimulated echo spiral high angular resolution diffusion‐weighted (HARD) acquisition. Magn Reson Med 47:1083–1099, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
$L^p$ concentration estimates for the Laplacian eigenfunctions near submanifolds

We study $L^p$ bounds on spectral projections for the Laplace operator on compact Riemannian manifolds, restricted to small frequency dependent neighborhoods of submanifolds. In particular, if $\lambda$ is a frequency and the size of the neigborhood is $\mathcal{O}(\lambda^{-\delta})$, then new sharp estimates are established when $\delta\ge 1$, while for $0\le \delta\le 1/2$, Sogge's estimates turn out to be optimal. In the intermediate region $1/2<\delta<1$, we sometimes get sharp estimates as well. Our arguments follow closely a recent work by Burq and Zuily.
Prevalence of Feeding Problems in Young Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Chart Review Study

Feeding problems are known to be an important clinical issue for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the majority of studies on this topic have been carried out on children preschool age and older. It is important to understand whether these difficulties begin prior to age 3 years, as well as what parameters are important to study for both assessment and intervention. The present study used an early intervention chart abstraction method to examine prevalence of feeding problems in children below 3 years of age with ASD compared with those evaluated for non-ASD language delays (LD). Prevalence of feeding problems detected by speech therapists and psychologists was higher for the ASD group than for the comparison group, with the ASD group showing more food selectivity by texture (23.1% vs. 7.1%), more food selectivity by type (24.4% vs. 11.8%), more new food refusal (10.3% vs. 0%), and more food overstuffing (14.1% vs. 3.5%). We also examined the relationship between the total number of four feeding problems and child characteristics/demographics (ASD or LD diagnosis, gender, age of first evaluation, neighborhood income). Significantly more feeding problems were seen for children with ASD. As well, feeding problems were more prevalent for males. Associations between feeding problems and the other variables, as well as interactions, were not significant.
Effect of Species and Particle Size on Properties of Wood-Flour-Filled Polypropylene Composites

Research on wood-flour-filled polypropylene has primarily focused on one species of wood flour and one or two broad particle-size distributions. To fully exploit the use of wood flour as a filler, the effects of species and particle size need to be examined. This study focused on the effects of both of these variables on the properties of polypropylene filled with wood flour. To examine the effects of species, wood flour derived from four species, ponderosa pine, loblolly pine, maple, and oak, was used as a filler for polypropylene at 20,30,40,50, and 60% by weight wood flour. With increasing wood flour content, flexural and tensile modulus, density, heat deflection temperature, and notched impact energy increased, while flexural and tensile strength, tensile elongation, mold shrinkage, melt flow index, and unnotched impact energy decreased. In general, the hardwoods exhibited slightly better tensile and flexural properties and heat deflection temperatures than did the softwoods. Four commercially available wood flours and four screened wood flours with discrete, narrow particle-size distributions were used to study the effects of particle size on wood-flour-filled polypropylene. In this case, the composite material was 40% by weight wood flour. Particle size did not affect specific gravity, but it did affect other properties. Melt flow index, heat deflection temperature, and notched impact energy increased with increasing particle size, whereas unnotched impact energy decreased. For particles smaller than about 0.25 mm, mold shrinkage decreased. Flexural and tensile modulus and strength increased with increasing particle size. Introduction The use of scrap-wood-derived fillers for thermoplastics has been accepted by the plastics industry in recent years. Wood-derived fillers have several advantages compared with their inorganic counterparts, such as lower density and lower volumetric cost. They also are less abrasive to processing equipment and are derived from a renewable resource. To facilitate the use of wood-derived fillers, the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) supplied injection molders with precompounded pellets (1). In an FPL research study, polypropylene (PP) filled with several inorganic fillers commonly used by the plastics industry was compared with PP filled with wood flour or wood fiber derived from demolition wood (2). The results suggested that wood-derived fillers do have a place in the
Therapeutic effects of LASSBio-596 in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema

Emphysema is an intractable pulmonary disease characterized by an inflammatory process of the airways and lung parenchyma and ongoing remodeling process in an attempt to restore lung structure. There is no effective drug therapy that regenerates lung tissue or prevents the progression of emphysema; current treatment is aimed at symptomatic relief. We hypothesized that LASSBio-596, a molecule with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, might reduce pulmonary inflammation and remodeling and thus improve lung function in experimental emphysema. Emphysema was induced in BALB/c mice by intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (0.1 IU) once weekly during 4 weeks. A control group received saline using the same protocol. After the last instillation of saline or elastase, dimethyl sulfoxide, or LASSBio-596 were administered intraperitoneally, once daily for 8 days. After 24 h, in elastase-induced emphysema animals, LASSBio-596 yielded: (1) decreased mean linear intercept, hyperinflation and collagen fiber content, (2) increased elastic fiber content, (3) reduced number of M1 macrophages, (4) decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β protein levels in lung tissue, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor. These changes resulted in increased static lung elastance. In conclusion, LASSBio-596 therapy reduced lung inflammation, airspace enlargement, and small airway wall remodeling, thus improving lung function, in this animal model of elastase-induced emphysema.
The implementation of an integrated concurrency control and recovery scheme

This paper describes the implementation level design of an integrated concurrency control and recovery scheme based on the maintenance of multiple versions of data objects in a database. The concurrency control mechanism enhances parallelism by eliminating interference between retrieval and update transactions. The recovery mechanism permits efficient transaction and system recovery by keeping before-images of data objects at the page (block) level. This paper addresses the key technical problems in the implementation of such an integrated scheme. We present an efficient garbage collection algorithm for reclaiming storage space used by old versions of data objects that will no longer be accessed. We also propose an on-line backup algorithm that will permit the backup procedure to run in parallel with regular transactions. This integrated concurrency control and recovery scheme is being implemented in the LDM: the local database manager component of a distributed database management system, now being developed by Computer Corporation of America, that will support the ADAPLEX database application programming language [Chan81a, Smith81].