Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Energy of a Moving Quark-Antiquark Pair in an N = 4 SYM Plasma

We make use of the AdS/CFT correspondence to determine the energy of an external quark-antiquark pair that moves through strongly-coupled thermal N = 4 super-Yang-Mills plasma. It is found that the pair feels no drag force, has an energy that reproduces the expected √ 1 − v/L behavior at small quarkantiquark separations, and becomes unbound beyond a certain screening length whose velocity-dependence we determine. We discuss the relation between the high-velocity limit of our results and the lightlike Wilson loop proposed recently as a definition of the jet-quenching parameter.
The mast cell in inflammatory arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic destructive disease of joints, characterized by inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and abnormal cellular and humoral immune responses. Although several types of cells have been proposed to trigger synovial inflammation, the etiologic process and pathogenesis of the disease remain controversial. But, as indicated by a recent study by Lee et al.,1 the mast cell is emerging as a key player in the erosive and inflammatory events leading to joint destruction (Figure 1). The inflammatory processes that result in rheumatoid arthritis are multifactorial, involving complex interactions among the cytokine network, autoantibodies, and the complement cascade. Various mediators are .
A Zero-One Law for Deterministic 2-Party Secure Computation

We use security in the Universal Composition framework as a means to study the \cryptographic complexity" of 2-party secure computation tasks (functionalities). We say that a functionalityF reduces to another functionalityG if there is a UC-secure protocol forF using ideal access to G. This reduction is a natural and ne-grained way to compare the relative complexities of cryptographic tasks. There are two natural \extremes" of complexity under the reduction: the trivial functionalities, which can be reduced to any other functionality; and the complete functionalities, to which any other functionality can be reduced. In this work we show that under a natural computational assumption (the existence of a protocol for oblivious transfer secure against semi-honest adversaries), there is a zero-one law for the cryptographic complexity of 2-party deterministic functionalities. Namely, every such functionality is either trivial or complete. No other qualitative distinctions exist among functionalities, under this computational assumption. While nearly all previous work classifying multi-party computation functionalities has been restricted to the case of secure function evaluation, our results are the rst to consider completeness of arbitrary reactive functionalities, which receive input and give output repeatedly throughout several rounds of interaction. One important technical contribution in this work is to initiate the comprehensive study of the cryptographic properties of reactive functionalities. We model these functionalities as nite automata and develop an automata-theoretic methodology for classifying and studying their cryptographic properties. Consequently, we completely characterize the reactive behaviors that lead to cryptographic non-triviality. Another contribution of independent interest is to optimize the hardness assumption used by Canetti et al. (STOC 2002) in showing that the common random string functionality is complete (a result independently obtained by Damg ard et al. (
An imager using 2-D single-photon avalanche diode array in 0.18-μm CMOS for automotive LIDAR application

A feasibility imager chip of a 32× 4-pixel array was developed in a 0.18-μm CMOS process for a small size automotive laser imaging detection and ranging. Each pixel consists of 8 single-photon avalanche diodes as a world-first 2-D pixel array with digital output macro pixel architecture which enables laser signal sensing under sunlight noise. Distance measurement results show less than 2.1% nonlinearity and 0.11-m standard deviation up to 20-m distance with 10%-refIective target under the ambient light of 75 klux.
Neurocognitive functioning in patients with bipolar I disorder recently recovered from a first manic episode.

OBJECTIVE Although cognitive impairment is an important clinical feature of bipolar disorder, it is unknown whether deficits are present at illness onset. The purpose of this study was to determine whether neuropsychological impairments are present in clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder shortly after resolution of their first manic episode. METHOD Within a large university medical center, 45 recently diagnosed (DSM-IV-TR) patients with bipolar disorder type I were evaluated after resolution of their first manic episode, along with 25 matched healthy comparison subjects. Participants were administered a neuropsychological battery evaluating 5 broad cognitive domains, including verbal/premorbid intellectual functioning, learning/memory, spatial/nonverbal reasoning, attention/processing speed, and executive function. Data were collected from July 2004 to August 2007. RESULTS Relative to controls, patients showed broad impairments in learning/memory, spatial/nonverbal reasoning, executive function, and some aspects of attention (all P < .01). Specifically, deficits were evident on tests assessing sustained attention, attentional and mental set shifting, spatial working memory, nonverbal reasoning, and verbal learning and recall (all P < .01). Cognitive impairments in patients could not be fully attributed to substance abuse, medication status, or residual mood symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that core neuropsychological deficits in sustained attention, learning and recall, spatial/nonverbal reasoning, and several aspects of executive function are present at illness onset. Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder are, thus, most likely not exclusively attributable to progressive decline associated with increased illness burden, cumulative treatment effects, or chronicity of illness. These findings may provide etiologic clues into the illness and identify clinical targets for early treatment.
Human Neuroscience

of both A and B tones and that when ∆F is large, they hear the sequence as two isochronous streams, one of A tones and one of Interestingly, percepts evoked by sequences with intermediate ∆F are bistable (i.e., can be heard as either one stream or two) and can switch between two stable states, either spontaneously or with effort Recent interest in the neural underpinnings of auditory streaming has produced several studies using ABA tone sequences while recording from the auditory cortex in a variety of species includ-A prevailing model from these studies posits that a two-stream percept will be evoked whenever the A and B tones excite non-overlapping populations of
Balance recovery control of human walking with foot slip

We present a balance recovery control design for human walking with foot slip. The control strategy is built on the two-mass linear inverted pendulum model (LIP) that represents the human body and limb motions. We first validate the model through experiments of human normal walking and walking with foot slip. We then design a balance recovery control using the capture point (CP) concept. We extend the CP-based walking control and incorporate time-varying locations of the zero moment point. These extensions allow the balance recovery control of the human's center of the mass movement to rapidly respond to the unexpected foot slip. We conduct experiments to tune the model parameters and to validate the slip recovery control.
The CLC-2 Chloride Channel Modulates ECM Synthesis, Differentiation, and Migration of Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels are critical for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We examined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chloride channel expression and associations with human conjunctival fibroblast (HConF) biology. To investigate the potential role of chloride channel (CLC)-2 in migration, transition to myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of HconF, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach was applied. TGF-β1-induced migration and transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts characterized by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, supported by increased endogenous expression of CLC-2 protein and mRNA transcripts. ECM (collagen I and fibronectin) synthesis in HConF was enhanced by TGF-β1. CLC-2 siRNA treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced cell migration, transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and ECM synthesis of HConF. CLC-2 siRNA treatment in the presence of TGF-β1 inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt in HConF. These findings demonstrate that CLC-2 chloride channels are important for TGF-β1-induced migration, differentiation, and ECM synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling in HConF.
Motor assessment scale for stroke patients: concurrent validity and interrater reliability.

This study was conducted to establish the concurrent validity and interrater reliability of the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) for stroke patients. Thirty hemiplegic subjects were tested with the MAS and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), a reliable and validated test of motor function in stroke patients. The high correlations obtained between the total scores on the MAS and the FMA (r = .88) and between specific item scores (except sitting balance) (r = .28 to .92) provide support for the concurrent validity of the MAS. Interrater reliability coefficients for the total MAS score and individual items on the MAS (except tone) were also high and significant.
An Exploratory Study of the Career Aspirations and Self-Perceptions of University Honors Program Students

This study examined the career aspirations and self-perceptions of University Honors Program students at Indiana State University. The current trend in education, especially gifted and talented education, focuses on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). How has this impacted the gifted and talented population when they become young adults ready to pursue college and careers? Are the interests and skills of University Honors Program students aligned with the majors they have chosen? What are their interests and skills? The research was conducted on the campus of Indiana State University. This is a public higher education campus whose University Honors Program has about 500 members. The sample consisted of 20 University Honors Students. Each participant was asked to complete the Self-Directed Search Assessment Booklet: A Guide to Educational and Career Planning (4 th ed.). This instrument, created by Holland, is used to assist in career planning. A three letter code resulted from the Self-Directed Search (4 th ed.) (Psychological Assessment Resources [PAR], 2004). The results of the study revealed a variety of majors, although STEM majors were the most prevalent. One identical match between the three letter career aspiration codes and the codes developed from the survey. However, three participants’ codes included the same three letters in different combinations and eleven participants had an acceptable match of two of the three letters. Five students had only one common occupational letter. Multipotentiality and
The glucose and lipid metabolism reprogramming is grade-dependent in clear cell renal cell carcinoma primary cultures and is targetable to modulate cell viability and proliferation

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a poor prognosis despite novel biological targeted therapies. Tumor aggressiveness and poor survival may correlate with tumor grade at diagnosis and with complex metabolic alterations, also involving glucose and lipid metabolism. However, currently no grade-specific metabolic therapy addresses these alterations. Here we used primary cell cultures from ccRCC of low- and high-grade to investigate the effect on energy state and reduced pyridine nucleotide level, and on viability and proliferation, of specific inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), or fatty acid oxidation with Etomoxir. Our primary cultures retained the tissue grade-dependent modulation of lipid and glycogen storage and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). 2DG affected lactate production, energy state and reduced pyridine nucleotide level in high-grade ccRCC cultures, but the energy state only in low-grade. Rather, Etomoxir affected energy state in high-grade and reduced pyridine nucleotide level in low-grade cultures. Energy state and reduced pyridine nucleotide level were evaluated by ATP and reduced 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) dye quantification, respectively. 2DG treatment impaired cell proliferation and viability of low-grade ccRCC and normal cortex cultures, whereas Etomoxir showed a cytostatic and cytotoxic effect only in high-grade ccRCC cultures. Our data indicate that in ccRCC the Warburg effect is a grade-dependent feature, and fatty acid oxidation can be activated for different grade-dependent metabolic needs. A possible grade-dependent metabolic therapeutic approach in ccRCC is also highlighted.
Manual de intervención en dilemas implicativos

The notion that human beings face internal conflicts is very old in the field of psychotherapy. Also, it is common the idea that symptoms could be derived from those conflicts. However, attempts for developing ways of appraising those conflicts so that they can be measured and tested empirically are almost inexistent. Precisely, the MultiCentre Dilemma Project is aimed at investigating the role of those conflicts, termed implicative dilemmas or dilemmatic constructs, in health using the Repertory Grid Technique as a method to identify them. So far, a higher presence of those conflicts has been found in a variety of clinical problems (depression, social phobia, somatic problems, etc.) in comparison to non-clinical samples. Therefore, it seems convenient to develop a form of intervention aimed to dealing and resolving these conflicts. In this paper a therapy manual focused on implicative dilemmas resolution is presented. It consists of a structured intervention for 15 sessions, designed mainly for research and training in psychotherapy, and based on Personal Construct Psychotherapy.
Usefulness of Multiparental Populations of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Genome-Based Prediction

The efficiency of marker-assisted prediction of phenotypes has been studied intensively for different types of plant breeding populations. However, one remaining question is how to incorporate and counterbalance information from biparental and multiparental populations into model training for genome-wide prediction. To address this question, we evaluated testcross performance of 1652 doubled-haploid maize (Zea mays L.) lines that were genotyped with 56,110 single nucleotide polymorphism markers and phenotyped for five agronomic traits in four to six European environments. The lines are arranged in two diverse half-sib panels representing two major European heterotic germplasm pools. The data set contains 10 related biparental dent families and 11 related biparental flint families generated from crosses of maize lines important for European maize breeding. With this new data set we analyzed genome-based best linear unbiased prediction in different validation schemes and compositions of estimation and test sets. Further, we theoretically and empirically investigated marker linkage phases across multiparental populations. In general, predictive abilities similar to or higher than those within biparental families could be achieved by combining several half-sib families in the estimation set. For the majority of families, 375 half-sib lines in the estimation set were sufficient to reach the same predictive performance of biomass yield as an estimation set of 50 full-sib lines. In contrast, prediction across heterotic pools was not possible for most cases. Our findings are important for experimental design in genome-based prediction as they provide guidelines for the genetic structure and required sample size of data sets used for model training.
Violence sociale, anomie et discordance normative. La trajectoire migrante. Le cas des « 52 » de la région de Djenné (Mali)

A partir d’une analyse de l’exposition aux risques d’exploitation economique et sexuelle des petites paysannes employees comme « bonnes a tout faire » dans les villes du Mali, l’objet de ce papier est de montrer comment la discordance normative, la disjonction des legitimites et la dysfonction des regulations de controle entre les differents ordres sociaux (public, communautaire villageois et social urbain) engendrent des formes de violence (structurelle, symbolique ou systemique) qui s’enchainent en se repondant les unes aux autres. Frappe d’une impuissance anomique, l’ordre public a depuis longtemps abandonne la regulation de controle aux deux autres ordres sociaux. L’ordre villageois reagit aux transgressions qui le menacent en retrecissant les espaces de violence toleree, tandis que l’ordre urbain reagit a l’impuissance des forces de l’ordre en generalisant les espaces de deviance toleree. Une telle situation expose les jeunes migrantes paysannes a de multiples risques de violences physiques et psychiques pouvant entrainer leur mort.
Left Ventricular Mass in Relation to Genetic Variation in Angiotensin II Receptors, Renin System Genes, and Sodium Excretion

Background—In the European Project On Genes in Hypertension (EPOGH), we investigated in 3 populations to what extent left ventricular mass (LVM) was associated with genetic variation in the angiotensin II receptors type 1 (AGTR1 A1166C) and type 2 (AGTR2 G1675A) while accounting for possible gene–gene interactions with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE D/I) and angiotensinogen (AGT −532C/T) polymorphisms. Methods and Results—We randomly recruited 221 nuclear families (384 parents, 431 offspring) in Cracow (Poland), Novosibirsk (Russia), and Mirano (Italy). Echocardiographic LVM was indexed to body surface area, adjusted for covariates, and subjected to multivariate analyses using generalized estimating equations and quantitative transmission disequilibrium tests in a population-based and family-based approach, respectively. For AGTR1 and AGTR2, there was no heterogeneity in the phenotype–genotype relations across populations. LVM index was unrelated to the AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism. In men, in the population- and family-based analyses, the allelic effects of the AGTR2 polymorphism on LVM index differed (P=0.01) according to sodium excretion. In women, this gene–environment interaction did not reach statistical significance. In untreated men, LVM index (4.2 g/m2 per 100 mmol) and left ventricular internal diameter (0.73 mm/100 mmol) increased (P<0.02) with higher sodium excretion in the presence of the G allele with an opposite tendency in A allele carriers. The ACE D/I polymorphism, together with the ACE genotype-by-sodium interaction term, significantly and independently improved the models relating LVM index to the AGTR2 polymorphism and the AGTR2 genotype-by-sodium interaction. Conclusions—The present findings support the hypothesis that in men the AGTR2 G1675A and the ACE D/I polymorphisms independently influence LVM and that salt intake modulates these genetic effects.
An Algorithm for the Calculation of Volume and Surface of Unions of Spheres. Application for Solvation Shells

A simple algorithm for the calculation of the volume and surface area of a union of spheres of different radii is presented. It is based on the ideas published in S. Sastry et al, Phys. Rev. E, v.56, pp.5524-5532, 1997 [1], where they computed volume and surface of interatomic voids in simple liquids. They proposed to work with the intersection of Delaunay simplexes and the corresponding Voronoi polyhedra. Analytical formulas for volume and surface area were derived for the atoms occupying this region. This could be achieved without explicit calculation of multiple intersections of the overlapping atoms. We have implemented such ideas for the calculation of the occupied volume and its surface inside the polyhedra defined by power Voronoi diagram. This allows calculating the required values for spheres with different radii. Simple analytical formulas are also valid in this case. We applied our algorithm to the calculation of the solvation shell volume for complex solute molecules in molecular dynamics models of solutions. A comparison of our program with the available implementation of the certified algorithm for unions of spheres by F. Cazals et al. (ACM Trans. Math. Soft. 38 (1), 2011) [2] shows coincidence of the results.
Identifying constraints in the evolution of primate societies

The evolutionary study of social systems in non-human primates has long been focused on ecological determinants. The predictive value of socio-ecological models remains quite low, however, in particular because such equilibrium models cannot integrate the course of history. The use of phylogenetic methods indicates that many patterns of primate societies have been conserved throughout evolutionary history. For example, the study of social relations in macaques revealed that their social systems are made of sets of correlated behavioural traits. Some macaque species are portrayed by marked social intolerance, a steep dominance gradient and strong nepotism, whereas others display a higher level of social tolerance, relaxed dominance and a weaker influence of kinship. Linkages between behavioural traits occur at different levels of organization, and act as constraints that limit evolutionary responses to external pressures. Whereas these constraints can exert strong stabilizing selection that opposes the potential changes required by the ecological environment, selective mechanisms may have the potential to switch the whole social system from one state to another by acting primarily on some key behavioural traits that could work as pacemakers.
A Lower Bound on Web Services Composition

A web service is modeled here as a finite state machine. A composition problem for web services is to decide if a given web service can be constructed from a given set of web services; where the construction is understood as a simulation of the specification by a fully asynchronous product of the given services. We show an EXPTIME-lower bound for this problem, thus matching the known upper bound. Our result also applies to richer models of web services, such as the Roman model.
Machine-Learning Based Approaches for Anomaly Detection and Classification in Cellular Networks

—Despite the long literature and assorted list of proposed systems for performing detection and classiﬁcation of anomalies in operational networks, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are still looking for effective means to manage the ever-growing number of network trafﬁc anomalies they face in their daily business. In this paper we address the problem of automatic network trafﬁc anomaly detection and classiﬁcation using Machine Learning (ML) based techniques, for the speciﬁc case of trafﬁc anomalies observed in cellular network measurements. We devise a simple detection and classiﬁcation technique based on decision tress, and compare its performance to that achieved by other supervised learning classiﬁers well known in the ML literature (e.g., SVM, neuronal networks, etc.). The proposed solution is evaluated using synthetically-generated data from an operational cellular ISP, drawn from real trafﬁc statistics to resemble the real cellular network trafﬁc. Furthermore, we compare the achieved performance against other well-known detectors in the literature (e.g., distribution-based, entropy-based), and propose a multi-detector approach to increase the overall system performance in a number of case studies.