Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experience-dependent coding of facial expression in superior temporal sulcus

Sensory information from the external world is inherently ambiguous, necessitating prior experience as a constraint on perception. Prolonged experience (adaptation) induces perception of ambiguous morph faces as a category different from the adapted category, suggesting sensitivity in underlying neural codes to differences between input and recent experience. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the neural dynamics of such experience-dependent visual coding by focusing on the timing of responses to morphs after facial expression adaptation. We show that evoked fields arising from the superior temporal sulcus (STS) reflect the degree to which a morph and adapted expression deviate. Furthermore, adaptation effects within STS predict the magnitude of behavioral aftereffects. These findings show that the STS codes expressions relative to recent experience rather than absolutely and may bias perception of expressions. One potential neural mechanism for the late timing of both effects appeals to hierarchical models that ascribe a central role to backward connections in mediating predictive codes.
DaPKC-dependent phosphorylation of Crumbs is required for epithelial cell polarity in Drosophila

Both in Drosophila and vertebrate epithelial cells, the establishment of apicobasal polarity requires the apically localized, membrane-associated Par-3–Par-6–aPKC protein complex. In Drosophila, this complex colocalizes with the Crumbs–Stardust (Sdt)–Pals1-associated TJ protein (Patj) complex. Genetic and molecular analyses suggest a functional relationship between them. We show, by overexpression of a kinase-dead Drosophila atypical PKC (DaPKC), the requirement for the kinase activity of DaPKC to maintain the position of apical determinants and to restrict the localization of basolateral ones. We demonstrate a novel physical interaction between the apical complexes, via direct binding of DaPKC to both Crb and Patj, and identify Crumbs as a phosphorylation target of DaPKC. This phosphorylation of Crumbs is functionally significant. Thus, a nonphosphorylatable Crumbs protein behaves in vivo as a dominant negative. Moreover, the phenotypic effect of overexpressing wild-type Crumbs is suppressed by reducing DaPKC activity. These results provide a mechanistic framework for the functional interaction between the Par-3–Par-6–aPKC and Crumbs–Sdt–Patj complexes based in the posttranslational modification of Crb by DaPKC.
Family ties and depressive mood in Eastern and Western Europe

BACKGROUND Family ties in Europe are affected by demographic trends associated with parenting and partnering, such as a decline in fertility, an increase in childlessness, postponement of parenthood and of partnership formation, the rise of “new” relationship forms and divorce rates. It is unclear how the contemporary family structure and composition are associated with people’s mental wellbeing. OBJECTIVE This article examines how ties with parents, siblings, a partner and children are associated with depressive mood of men and women in seven Eastern and Western European countries. METHODS To test our hypotheses we made use of data from the Generations and Gender Surveys. We performed logistic regression analyses to study the associations between people’s family ties and depressive mood. RESULTS Our research findings show that family ties can diminish people’s depressive feelings. Although we find some gender differences in these associations, we do not find support for the argument that family ties are more important for the mental wellbeing of women than of men. Moreover, our findings support the hierarchical model of family relations in which new ties with partner and children in adulthood gain precedence over the original primary ties with parents and siblings. Finally, we find that the association between family ties and depressive mood is quite similar in Eastern and Western Europe, but being married or having a partner more strongly reduces depressive feelings in Eastern than in Western Europe. 1 Tilburg University, The Netherlands. E-mail: j.a. moor@uvt.nl. 2 Utrecht University, The Netherlands. E-mail: A.E. Komter@uu.nl. Moor & Komter: Family ties and depressive mood in Eastern and Western Europe http://www.demographic-research.org 202 CONCLUSIONS Although longitudinal data were not available to us, our research results do provide some indications about how demographic changes, for instance, those affecting family size -the number of children or siblings -might be associated with mental wellbeing. Our findings also suggest that the demographic trend of increasing partnership dissolution may have larger consequences for people’s mental wellbeing in Eastern than in Western Europe.
Saving Face: The Emotional Costs of the Asian Immigrant Family Myth

respectability. In cities, all men grapple with a general culture of hypergamy, in which women seek to trade up, choosing wealthy and powerful men in a kinship culture where men are responsible for providing economic security. One man, ‘‘Ng,’’ is moved by a higher-earning but compassionate girlfriend who chooses inexpensive gifts and restaurant meals, but then is crushed when her parents object to their dating on the basis of his precarious finances. When he is deserted by the object of his affections, he returns home, where his parents arrange his marriage to a local village woman, a tepid union to which he has resigned himself. This is a finding that complements observations of women migrants: because women can leverage patriarchal expectations to optimize marriage choices in cities, men fare better in rural communities, where traditional kinship norms yield automatic status and authority. Masculine Compromise tracks as well the changing division of household labor within migrant families. Choi and Peng offer a spectrum of gender relations: in some families, men exempt themselves from household labor; in others, they strategically avoid it; still others accept household labor selectively; and, finally, some share household responsibilities equally. They organize their analysis as a typology, an approach that calls to mind Arlie Hochschild and Anne Machung’s The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. Like Hochschild and Machung, Choi and Peng let their informants describe their own gender ideologies, then point out discrepancies between their claimed views and their actual practices. One minor quibble must be made. Choi and Peng’s study does not address widespread Chinese reforms, including a 2011 ‘‘New National Urbanization Plan,’’ that selectively grant rural migrants more substantive access to cities. The validity of the study of course does not require the most up-to-date survey of rural-urban citizenship policies. But discussion of these changes could have allowed the authors to analyze structural foundations for variations in masculine practice. For example, do better rural pension coverage and higher rural welfare subsidies for aging farmers weaken expectations that men establish patrilocal residence so they may care for aging parents? Likewise, does increased enrollment of migrant children in urban schools reduce men’s expectations that women abstain from migration? Masculine Compromise presents a true-tolife depiction of the experience of rural men living on the margins of urban society. It does so with subtlety and sensitivity, quietly documenting men’s private aspirations and personal failures rather than attempting overdetermined structural statements on the character of masculinity under crisis. Smartly, it quickly references then dispenses with categorical terms like hegemonic or failed masculinities (Connell and Messerschmidt 2005), concepts too functionalist to capture symbolic self-definitions of manhood. One hopes Choi and Peng’s approach will spur future studies of masculinity in other contexts of rapid economic change.
Viral Effects of a dsRNA Mycovirus (PoV-ASI2792) on the Vegetative Growth of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

Abstract A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus was detected in malformed fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus strain ASI2792, one of bottle cultivated commercial strains of the edible oyster mushroom. The partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of the P. ostreatus ASI2792 mycovirus (PoV-ASI2792) was cloned, and a cDNA sequences alignment revealed that the sequence was identical to the RdRp gene of a known PoSV found in the P. ostreatus strain. To investigate the symptoms of PoV-ASI2792 infection by comparing the isogenic virus-free P. ostreatus strains with a virus-infected strain, isogenic virus-cured P. ostreatus strains were obtained by the mycelial fragmentation method for virus curing. The absence of virus was verified with gel electrophoresis after dsRNA-specific virus purification and Northern blot analysis using a partial RdRp cDNA of PoV-ASI2792. The growth rate and mycelial dry weight of virus-infected P. ostreatus strain with PoV-ASI2792 mycovirus were compared to those of three virus-free isogenic strains on 10 different media. The virus-cured strains showed distinctly higher mycelial growth rates and dry weights on all kinds of experimental culture media, with at least a 2.2-fold higher mycelial growth rate on mushroom complete media (MCM) and Hamada media, and a 2.7-fold higher mycelial dry weight on MCM and yeast-malt-glucose agar media than those of the virus-infected strain. These results suggest that the infection of PoV mycovirus has a deleterious effect on the vegetative growth of P. ostreatus.
Use of MODIS Sensor Images Combined with Reanalysis Products to Retrieve Net Radiation in Amazonia

In the Amazon region, the estimation of radiation fluxes through remote sensing techniques is hindered by the lack of ground measurements required as input in the models, as well as the difficulty to obtain cloud-free images. Here, we assess an approach to estimate net radiation (Rn) and its components under all-sky conditions for the Amazon region through the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model utilizing only remote sensing and reanalysis data. The study period comprised six years, between January 2001–December 2006, and images from MODIS sensor aboard the Terra satellite and GLDAS reanalysis products were utilized. The estimates were evaluated with flux tower measurements within the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) project. Comparison between estimates obtained by the proposed method and observations from LBA towers showed errors between 12.5% and 16.4% and 11.3% and 15.9% for instantaneous and daily Rn, respectively. Our approach was adequate to minimize the problem related to strong cloudiness over the region and allowed to map consistently the spatial distribution of net radiation components in Amazonia. We conclude that the integration of reanalysis products and satellite data, eliminating the need for surface measurements as input model, was a useful proposition for the spatialization of the radiation fluxes in the Amazon region, which may serve as input information needed by algorithms that aim to determine evapotranspiration, the most important component of the Amazon hydrological balance.
Fostering teachers’ autonomous motivation during professional learning: a self-determination theory perspective

Abstract Employing a self-determination theory lens, this qualitative case study analyzed the impact of a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professional learning program on six elementary schoolteachers’ autonomous motivation. The outcomes revealed that the program was successful in accommodating the teachers’ needs to feel competent, related, and autonomous. The teachers reported that the program supported their volitional will to engage in self-directed learning by offering them choice, encouragement, and constructive feedback. The teachers were also provided with ample time and resources to enhance their instructional knowledge and showcase their new skills. Moreover, the teachers were able to strengthen existing relationships and expand their professional community. These relationships provided additional support for the teachers and contributed to their growth and development.
Timing of Surgery for Spinal Fractures Associated with Systemic Trauma: A Need for a Strategic and Systemic Approach.

AIM An underestimated evaluation of systemic organs in cases with spinal fractures might jeopardize the intervention for treatment and future complications with an increased morbidity and mortality are almost warranted. In the present study, a retrospective analysis of spinal fracture cases associated with systemic trauma was performed to assess surgical success. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with thoracolumbar fractures who were admitted to the emergency unit between September 2012 and September 2014 was used for the study. The cases were categorized according to age, sex, reason of trauma, associated trauma, neurological condition and treatment details and results were analysed using SPSS 14.0 for Windows. RESULTS The most common reason of trauma is detected as falls in 101 cases (64.3%). Radiological evaluation of spinal fractures revealed a compression fracture in 106 cases (67.5%) and other fractures in 51 cases (32.5%). Surgical treatment for spinal fracture was performed in 60.5% of the cases and conservative approach was preferred in 39.5% cases. In non-compressive spinal fractures, an associated pathology like head trauma, lower extremity fracture or neurological deficit was found to be higher in incidence (p < 0.05). Necessity for surgical intervention was found to be more prominent in this group (p < 0.05). However, the fracture type was not found to be associated with morbidity and mortality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A surgical intervention for a spinal fracture necessitating surgery should rather be performed right after stabilization of the systemic condition which might be associated with decreased morbidity and mortality.
Automated scoring of a neuropsychological test: the Rey Osterrieth complex figure

The Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) is a widely used neuropsychological test for visual perception and long term visual memory. Many scoring systems are used to quantify the accuracy of the drawings; these are currently implemented by hand in a subjective manner. The paper gives details of the current progress of a novel technique to locate the scoring sections of the most common of these systems (the Osterrieth Scoring System), with the ultimate goal of automating the scoring system. High levels of distortion are possible, making this an extremely difficult task; however location and perceptual grading of the basic geometric features (triangles, rectangles and diamonds) have been most successful. All but one section in the test data was located (99.3% success) and 78% of the perceptual grades calculated were within 5% of grades generated by independent raters. Unary spatial metrics have been implemented to reduce the possible section candidates by an average of 75% without the loss of a single section.
Testing the Validity of a Psychopathy Index Calculated from the Big Five Inventory

One alternative approach to the traditional self-report assessment of socially undesirable traits is prototypal matching, which consists of computing indices of a given trait from inventories designed for capturing broad personality dimensions. In the present study, the validity of a psychopathy index derived from a clinical portrayal constructed using the items from the Big Five Inventory (BFI) was tested. Participants were 449 students of three Brazilian states, who responded to the BFI, as well as the Dark Triad traits, the Short Dark Triad and the Dirty Dozen inventories. Positive and moderate correlations emerged between the proposed index and the scores in the Dark Triad, with the strongest relationships occurring with the psychopathy factors of each instrument, as expected. These associations were greater when controlling for acquiescent responding. The fi ndings suggest that the index developed could provide an uncovered assessment of psychopathic traits.
Named Data Networking: A natural design for data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a promising paradigm for the future Internet architecture that also opens new perspectives in the way data can be retrieved in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we explore the potentialities of the NDN paradigm applied to WSNs and propose enhancements to the NDN forwarding strategy by including principles inspired by traditional data-centric routing schemes. Results achieved through the ndnSIM simulator confirm the viability and effectiveness of the proposal.
Surgical treatment of parietal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECT Parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE) accounts for a small percentage of extratemporal epilepsies, and only a few and mostly smaller series have been reported. Preoperative findings, surgical strategies, pathological bases, and postoperative outcomes for PLE remain to be elucidated. METHODS Patients with PLE were identified by screening a prospective epilepsy surgery database established in 1989 at the University of Bonn. Charts, preoperative imaging studies, surgical reports, and neuropathological findings were reviewed. Seizure outcome was classified according to Engel class (I-IV). RESULTS Forty patients (23 females and 17 males) with PLE were identified and had a mean age of 25.0 years and a mean preoperative epilepsy duration of 13.7 years. Nine patients had a significant medical history (for example, trauma, meningitis/encephalitis, or perinatal hypoxia). Preoperative MR imaging abnormalities were identified in 38 (95%) of 40 patients; 26 patients (65%) underwent invasive electroencephalography evaluation. After lesionectomy of the dominant (in 20 patients) or nondominant (in 20 patients) parietal lobe and additional multiple subpial transections (in 11 patients), 2 patients suffered from surgical and 12 from neurological complications, including temporary partial Gerstmann syndrome. There were no deaths. Histopathological analysis revealed 16 low-grade tumors, 11 cortical dysplasias, 9 gliotic scars, 2 cavernous vascular malformations, and 1 granulomatous inflammation. In 1 case, no histopathological diagnosis could be made. After a mean follow-up of 45 months, 27 patients (67.5%) became seizure free or had rare seizures (57.5% Engel Class I; 10% Engel Class II; 27.5% Engel Class III; and 5% Engel Class IV). CONCLUSIONS Parietal lobe epilepsy is an infrequent cause of extratemporal epilepsy. Satisfactory results (Engel Classes I and II) were obtained in 67.5% of patients in our series. A temporary partial hemisensory or Gerstmann syndrome occurs in a significant number of patients.
Machines and Mindlessness

Following Langer (1992), this article reviews a series of experimental studiesthat demonstrate that individuals mindlessly apply social rules and expecta-tions to computers. The first set of studies illustrates how individuals overusehuman social categories, applying gender stereotypes to computers and ethnicallyidentifying with computer agents. The second set demonstrates that people exhibitoverlearned social behaviors such as politeness and reciprocity toward comput-ers.Inthethirdsetofstudies,prematurecognitivecommitmentsaredemonstrated:Aspecialisttelevisionsetisperceivedasprovidingbettercontentthanageneralisttelevision set. A final series of studies demonstrates the depth of social responseswith respect to computer “personality. ” Alternative explanations for these find -ings, such as anthropomorphism and intentional social responses, cannot explainthe results. We conclude with an agenda for future research.Computer users approach the personal computer in many different ways.Experienced word processors move smoothly from keyboard to mouse to menu,mixing prose and commands to the computer automatically; the distinctionbetween the hand and the tool blurs (Heidegger, 1977; Winograd & Flores, 1987). Novices cautiously strike each key, fearing that one false move will initiate anuncontrollable series of unwanted events. Game players view computers as
The Influence of Education and Socioeconomic Background on Age-SpecificMigration from Finland

Chaotic systems combined with Gauss mixture model to achieve synchronic control detection is often used in traditional network attack detection methods, and the effect of detection is good when the attack signal to be detected has Gauss linear features. As the cyber-attack signals develop toward nonlinear random sequence, traditional detection models cannot achieve effective attack detection. A potential mining algorithm of average mutual information feature based on Rossle chaotic model is proposed, and according to the nonlinearity feature solution of the mutual information, the reali- zation of effective detection of cyber-attack signals with stochastic nonlinear characteristics is obtained. On the basis of the foundation model of Rossle chaotic system, design an adaptive cascade notch filter which can remove multiple known interference frequency with the minimum mean square error criterion, realize the filtering pretreatment of the attack sig- nals, extracting of Rossle nonlinear mutual information feature of the network data flow to be detected, and accomplish feature mining and detection of cyber-attack signals. Simulation results show that the detection performance is improved obviously, and the probability of detection reaches 98.7%, which appears superior performance of detection and value of network security defense.
Continuous-Time Modeling with Spatial Dependence

This discussion paper led to an article in Geographical Analysis (2012). Volume 44, issue 1, pages 29-46. (Spatial) panel data are routinely modelled in discrete time (DT). However, there are compelling arguments for continuous time (CT) modelling of (spatial) panel data. Particularly, most social processes evolve in CT, so that statistical analysis in DT is an oversimplification, gives an incomplete representation of reality and may lead to misinterpretation of estimation results. The most compelling reason for a CT approach is that, in contrast to DT modelling, it allows adequate modelling of dynamic adjustment processes. The paper introduces spatial dependence in a CT modelling framework. We propose a nonlinear Structural Equation Model (SEM) with latent variables for estimation of the Exact Discrete Model (EDM), which links the CT model parameters to the DT observations. The use of a SEM with latent variables makes it possible to take measurement errors in the variables into account, leading to a reduction of attenuation bias (i.e., disattenuation). The SE M-CT model with spatial dependence developed here is the first dynamic structural equation model with spatial dependence. The spatial econometric SEM-CT framework is illustrated on the basis of a simple regional labour market model for Germany made up of the endogenous state variables unemployment change and population change and of the exogenous input variables change in regional average wage and change in the structure of the manufacturing sector.