Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the overland runoff mode of land wastewater treatment for virus removal

The removal of enteric and tracer viruses by the overland runoff mode of domestic wastewater treatment was evaluated. Raw and primary and secondary treated wastewaters were sprayed onto grass-covered, 36-m soil plots of fine, sandy loam overlying an impermeable clay subsoil. Tracer bacteriophage f2 was seeded into the applied wastewaters, which were subsequently sampled at several points along the length of the plots. Assay of effluent samples revealed modest tracer virus removals of 30 to 60%. Data from timed experiments indicated that advancement of tracer virus to the bottom of the slopes proceeded at the same rate as wastewater, reaching the plot effluents within 50 to 90 min after application. Indigenous enteric virus levels were reduced by approximately 68 to 85% during migration down the treatment slopes. Soil sampling revealed that, although some f2 virus was found associated with the wastewater-saturated topsoil, little penetration of virus into the soil profile occurred. Laboratory soil adsorption studies revealed that poliovirus I was adsorbed much more readily than f2 virus. Comparison of virus removal characteristics during overland runoff with chemical removal characteristics of wastewater did not reveal any obvious correlations that could be used to predict virus removal.
Influence of cell phone email use on characteristics of gait

Abstract Previously, gait had been considered an automatic and rhythmical movement that uses minimal attentional resources. The relationship between attention and gait has been revealed in recent research. However, in young adults in particular, the influence of using a cell phone – which is used frequently in daily life and considered to require high attentional demands – on gait has not been demonstrated. In this study, we examined the influence of mobile phone use on gait. Thirty healthy college students (15 males, 15 females) walked through a normal straight course with or without an obstacle under two different walking conditions while either using the email function of the cell phone or walking without a cell phone. The participants walked at a normal speed on a 10-m walkway. In walking conditions with an obstacle, an obstacle (17 cm in height) was set at the mid-point of the walkway. The following gait parameters were calculated: velocity, stride length, stride width (cm), and stance phase of one foot (just before an obstacle, one and two steps before the obstacle). Velocity and stride width decreased and the stance phase increased during walking while operating a cell phone. The stance phase just before an obstacle and stride length increased while operating a cell phone with an obstacle in the way. Gaze fixations and the high attention required to use the email function of the device may result in greatly disturbed gait.
A Multilevel Analysis of Antimarijuana Public Service Announcement Effectiveness

In public-health campaign research, 3 prominent theories of persuasion and media effects—elaboration likelihood model (ELM), activation model of information exposure (AMIE), and limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP)—have been used to predict message effectiveness. Although conceptually overlapping, these theories suggest contradictory predictions about individual-level and message-level factors on persuasion outcomes. In this study, we contrast and test competing predictions of antidrug message effectiveness from 3 recent publications that draw on ELM, AMIE, and LC4MP. We use televised antimarijuana messages, young-adult samples, and a multilevel modeling approach. Significant interactions between individual- and message-level factors were found predicting message effectiveness as theory dictates; these results replicate some, but not all of the findings from the aforementioned publications.
Transcriptional Control of Intestinal Cytochrome P-4503A by 1 (cid:1) ,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D 3

It was previously shown that CYP3A4 is induced in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell model by treatment with 1 (cid:1) ,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 (1,25-D 3 ). We demonstrate the vitamin D analog, 19-nor-1 (cid:1) ,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 2 , is also an effective inducer of CYP3A4 in Caco-2 cells, but with half the potency of 1,25- D 3 . We report that treatment of LS180 cells, a human intestinal cell line, with 1 to 10 nM 1,25-D 3 dose dependently increased CYP3A4 protein and CYP3A4 mRNA expression. CYP3A4- and CYP3A23 -promoter-Luciferase reporter constructs transiently transfected into LS180 cells were transcriptionally activated in a dose-dependent manner by 1,25-D 3 , whereas mutation of the nuclear hormone receptor binding motif (ER6) in the CYP3A4 promoter abrogated 1,25-D 3 activation of CYP3A4 . Although the CYP3A4 ER6 promoter element has been shown to bind the pregnane X receptor (PXR), this receptor does
Kuiper belts around nearby stars

Context. The existence of dusty debris disks around a large fraction of solar type main-sequence stars, inferred from excess far-IR and submillimetre emission compared to that expected from stellar photospheres, suggests that leftover planetesimal belts analogous to the asteroid- and comet reservoirs of the solar system are common. Aims. Sensitive submillimetre observations are essential to detect and characterise cold extended dust originating from collisions of small bodies in disks, belts, or rings at Kuiper-belt distances (30–50 AU or beyond). Measurements of the flux densities at these wavelengths will extend existing IR photometry and permit more detailed modelling of the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of the disks spectral energy distribution (SED), effectively constraining dust properties and disk extensions. By observing stars spanning from a few up to several hundred Myr, the evolution of debris disks during crucial phases of planet formation can be studied. Methods. We observed 22 exo-Kuiper-belt candidates at 870 μm, as part of a large programme with the LABOCA bolometer at the APEX telescope. Dust masses (or upper limits) were calculated from integrated 870 μm fluxes, and fits to the SED of detected sources revealed the fractional dust luminosities fdust, dust temperatures Tdust, and power-law exponents β of the opacity law. Results. A total of 10 detections with at least 3σ significance were made, out of which five (HD 95086, HD 131835, HD 161868, HD 170773, and HD 207129) have previously never been detected at submillimetre wavelengths. Three additional sources are marginally detected with >2. 5σ significance. The best-fit β parameters all lie between 0.1 and 0.8, in agreement with previous results indicating the presence of significantly larger grains than those in the ISM. From our relatively small sample we estimate fdust ∝t −α , with α ∼ 0.8−2.0, and identify an evolution of the characteristic radial dust distance Rdust that is consistent with the t 1/3 increase
The beneficial effect of chloromycetin in brucellosis.

Newer antibiotic agents have greatly extended the range of specific therapy in the group of infectious diseases with increasing rapidity. Much of this effort is directed against gram-negative bacilli in which group the Brucellae command a prominent position. Up to the present time the use of therapeutic agents in brucellosis has resulted in a certain measure of success, but with limitations, particularly from the point of view of failure to prevent recurrences. One of these new antibiotics is chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) a streptomyces, first isolated by Burkholder,7 crystallized by Ehrlich and his associates (1) and demonstrated to possess potent antimicrobial effect against many gram-negative organisms including all members of the Brucella group (2). The pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of this new agent are now a matter of record (2) and the chemical structure of the antibiotic agent is known. (3). In experimental and clinical infections the synthetic form of Chloromycetin has been found comparable to the naturally produced product in degree of effectiveness (4). Chloromycetin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Serum levels of the drug after oral administration have been found comparable to those obtained by parenteral administration.
Governing by partnerships: dilemmas in Swedish education policy at the turn of the millennium

In recent years, governing through partnerships has become more and more common and is today reflected in a range of policy areas. In the following article, governing through partnerships is analysed in Swedish education policy around the turn of the millennium, where the notion of partnership has had a large impact. Using as its point of departure a theoretical perspective inspired by Michel Foucault, the article analyses the calls for partnership in Swedish education policy as part of a set of governmental rationalities forming individuals into partnering, that is active and responsible, citizens. In the article, some of the long‐term consequences of the uses of the concept of partnership in Swedish education policy are discussed, focusing particularly on issues of inclusion/exclusion and democratic regeneration. With the idea of governing through partnerships, it is argued that the political landscape is redrawn. The role of the State, for instance, is increasingly to leave room for various voluntary and independent actors and associations, to co‐ordinate and interact, as a partner, among others, rather than directing society ‘from above’.
Client perspectives and uses of psychotherapy

Abstract The present paper argues for the importance of studying user perspectives on ongoing psychotherapy. Four approaches to such studies are discussed. It is stressed that studies of user perspectives may allow us to develop a broader and more robust understanding of clients as the primary agents of their own change processes, and that if the studies focus on clients' everyday lives during the course of psychotherapy, they allow us a better understanding of how clients include their psychotherapy, give it a particular significance, fight over it, and transform it as a part of their changing everyday practice in other places than the session. the rationale and design of such a study is presented. It is a study of a small number of family therapies with the present author as a co-therapist. Some preliminary findings from this study are presented.
A Labor of Love: The Influence of Cancer Caregiving on Health Behaviors

Background: Evidence suggests that emotional distress and objective demands of cancer caregiving are comparable to those of dementia caregiving, yet little research has focused on the physical health of cancer caregivers. Whether the stress leads directly to changes in health or whether the stress leads to changes in health behaviors, which in turn affect health, has not been systematically examined. Objective: The objective of this study was to review the research literature regarding changes in health behaviors associated with caring for an individual with cancer. Methods: Literature was reviewed from multiple databases including CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), CINAHL Plus, PsycNET, PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Key words included “health behavior,” “health promotion,” ”caregivers/caregiving,” “cancer/oncology,” “diet/nutrition,” “exercise/physical activity,” “stress management,” “smoking” and “alcohol. ” Studies were included if they involved informal adult caregivers and at least 1 behavior associated with a healthy lifestyle. Of the 866 studies identified, 8 met the criteria. Results: Studies revealed conflicting information, with some suggesting deleterious changes in behaviors, whereas others found the changes protective. Conclusions: The lack of uniformity of terminology and conflicting findings make it difficult to conclude the impact of the caregiving experience on the health behaviors of cancer caregivers. Something is placing caregivers at risk for illness and early death, but the mechanisms behind the risk and the role of unhealthy behaviors are not clear. Implications for Practice: At a minimum, cancer caregivers should be screened for behavior changes and disease risk. Developing standardized measures for future research including controlled, longitudinal studies is needed.
Development of glutamate receptors in auditory neurons from long‐term organotypic cultures of the embryonic chick hindbrain

We used long‐range organotypic cultures of auditory nuclei in the chick hindbrain to test the development of glutamate receptor activity in auditory neurons growing in a tissue environment that includes early deprivation of peripheral glutamatergic input, subsequent to removal of the otocyst. Cultures started at embryonic day (E)5, and lasted from 6 h to 15 days. Neuronal migration, clustering and axonal extension from the nucleus magnocellularis (NM) to the nucleus laminaris (NL) partially resembled events in vivo. However, the distinctive laminar organization of the NL was not observed. Glutamate receptor (GluR) activity was tested with optical recordings of intracellular Ca2+ in the NM. α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors had Ca2+ responses with a time course similar to that in control slices. Peak amplitude, however, was significantly lower. N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA)‐mediated Ca2+ responses were higher in 2‐day cultures (E5 + 2d) than in E7 explant controls, returning later to control values. Metabotropic GluRs did not elicit Ca2+ responses at standard agonist doses. Blocking NMDA or AMPA/kainate receptors with specific antagonists for 10 days in culture did not limit neuronal survival. Blocking metabotropic GluRs resulted in complete neuronal loss. Thus, ionotropic GluRs are not required for NM neuronal survival. However, their activity during development is affected when neurons grow in an in vitro environment that includes prevention of arrival of peripheral glutamatergic input.
Sleep discrepancy, sleep complaint, and poor sleep among older adults.

OBJECTIVES Discrepancy between self-report- and actigraphy-measured sleep, often considered an artifact of measurement error, has been well documented among insomnia patients. Sleep problems are common among older adults, and this discrepancy may represent meaningful sleep-related phenomenon, which could have clinical and research significance. METHOD Sleep discrepancy was examined in 4 groups of older adults (N = 152, mean age = 71.93 years) based on sleep complaint versus no complaint and presence versus absence of insomnia symptoms. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II) and 14 nights of sleep diaries and actigraphy. RESULTS Controlling for covariates, group differences were found in the duration and frequency of discrepancy in sleep onset latency (SOLd) and wake after sleep onset (WASOd). Those with insomnia symptoms and complaints reported greater duration and frequency of WASOd than the other 3 groups. Quantities of SOLd and WASOd were related to BDI-II score and group status, indicating that sleep discrepancy has meaningful clinical correlates. DISCUSSION Discrepancy occurred across all groups but was pronounced among the group with both insomnia symptoms and complaints. This discrepancy may provide a means of quantifying and conceptualizing the transition from wake to sleep among older adults, particularly those with sleeping problems.
18 Processing and Visualization of Diffusion MRI

This chapter provides a survey of techniques for processing and visualization of diffusion magnetic resonance imagery. We describe various approaches to modeling the local diffusion structure from scanner measurements. We then look at techniques to trace out neural pathways and infer global tissue structure. Last, we draw upon these as building blocks for the visualization and analysis of the neural architecture of individuals and groups.
L/MRP: A Buffer Management Strategy for Interactive Continuous Data Flows in a Multimedia DBMS

Multimedia applications demand specific support from database management systems due to the characteristics of multimedia data and their interactive usage. This includes integrated support for high-volume and time-dependent (continuous) data types like audio and video. One critical issue is to provide handling of continuous data streams including buffer management as needed for multimedia presentations. Buffer management strategies for continuous data have to consider specific requirements like providing for continuity of presentations, for immediate continuation of presentations after frequent user interactions by appropriate buffer resource consumption. Existing buffer management strategies do not sufficiently support the handling of continuous data streams in highly interactive multimedia presentations. In this paper we present the “least/most relevant for presentation” (LJMRP) buffer management strategy whichconsiderspresentationspecificinformationin order to provide an optimized behavior with respect to the requirements mentioned above. WMRP is a framework to formulate specific interaction models and is therefore adaptable to individual multimedia applications. We present a simulation study showing that an instantiated L/MRP outperforms existing approachesforgiventypesofinteractivemultimedia applications. It is shown that UMRP is especially suitable to support highly interactive multimedia presentations. + The new address of the author is Department of Computer Science, University of the Saarland, D-66041 Saarbriicken, Germany. kraiss@cs.uni-sb.de. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributedfor direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Very Large Data Base Endowment. Tocopyotherwise, ortorepublish, requiresafeeantiorspecial permission from the Endowment. Proceedings of the 21th VLDB Conference Zurich, Switzerland, 1995
Age-related differences in neural recruitment during the use of cognitive reappraisal and selective attention as emotion regulation strategies

The present study examined age differences in the timing and neural recruitment within lateral and medial PFC while younger and older adults hedonically regulated their responses to unpleasant film clips. When analyses focused on activity during the emotional peak of the film clip (the most emotionally salient portion of the film), several age differences emerged. When comparing regulation to passive viewing (combined effects of selective attention and reappraisal) younger adults showed greater regulation related activity in lateral PFC (DLPFC, VLPFC, OFC) and medial PFC (ACC) while older adults showed greater activation within a region DLPFC. When assessing distinct effects of the regulation conditions, an ANOVA revealed a significant Age × Regulation Condition interaction within bilateral DLPFC and ACC; older adults but not young adults showed greater recruitment within these regions for reappraisal than selective attention. When examining activity at the onset of the film clip and at its emotional peak, the timing of reappraisal-related activity within VLPFC differed between age groups: younger adults showed greater activity at film onset while older adults showed heightened activity during the peak. Our results suggest that older adults rely more heavily on PFC recruitment when engaging cognitively demanding reappraisal strategies while PFC-mediated regulation might not be as task-specific for younger adults. Older adults' greater reliance on cognitive control processing during emotion regulation may also be reflected in the time needed to implement these strategies.
Blood pressure control after acute stroke

Background Although long-term blood pressure control is known to prevent stroke, acute blood pressure reduction after stroke is associated with worse neurological and functional outcome. Vasoactive drug treatment after stroke Chronic blood pressure reduction for secondary prevention of stroke is presently being tested within the PROGRESS trial. This study uses angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-based treatment (perindopril) versus placebo. ACE inhibitors may reduce blood pressure without adversely affecting cerebral blood flow. We have recently reported elsewhere that perindopril 4 mg once daily, initiated within 2–7 days of acute ischaemic stroke, reduces blood pressure without adverse effects on cerebral blood flow as measured by Doppler ultrasound. Nevertheless, the optimal policy with regard to blood pressure management in the first 48 h after acute stroke remains uncertain. Conclusions A clinical trial is proposed to establish whether it is better to maintain pre-existing antihypertensive therapy or to discontinue this temporarily.
Effect of Tempo on Music Preferences of Children in Elementary and Middle School

This study was designed to examine the effect of tempo on preference responses of kindergarten to Grade 8 children. Listener age and gender were additional variables under consideration. In total, 996 subjects indicated preference opinions on pictographic Likert written response forms while listening to 15 excerpts of orchestral music from early Romantic opera. Two moderate and three fast musical examples were given the highest mean ratings. Spearman rank correlation indicated a positive significant relationship between tempo and preference (p < .01). Friedman analyses of variance revealed significant differences in mean preference ratings for music of differing tempos within Grades 3-8 (p < .01). Listener age was also indicated as a strong influence on overall preference ratings, with youngest children generally giving highest ratings. Results provide further support for the role of tempo and listener age in musical preference.
Fully Polynomial Approximation Schemes for Single-Item Capacitated Economic Lot-Sizing Problems

NP-hard cases of the single-item capacitated lot-sizing problem have been the topic of extensive research and continue to receive considerable attention. However, surprisingly few theoretical results have been published on approximation methods for these problems. To the best of our knowledge, until now no polynomial approximation method is known which produces solutions with a relative deviation from optimality that is bounded by a constant. In this paper we show that such methods do exist, by presenting an even stronger result: the existence of fully polynomial approximation schemes. The approximation scheme is first developed for a quite general model, which has concave backlogging and production cost functions and arbitrary (monotone) holding cost functions. Subsequently we discuss important special cases of the model and extensions of the approximation scheme to even more general models.