Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity and expression of different forms of RubisCO genes in polluted groundwater under different redox conditions.

Groundwater polluted with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ammonium was investigated for chemolithoautotrophic CO(2) fixation capabilities based on detailed analyses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) large subunit genes. Samples retrieved from a groundwater conditioning unit, characterized by different redox conditions, were examined for the presence of form IA, form IC (cbbL) and form II (cbbM) RubisCO genes and transcripts obtained from DNA- and RNA-extracts. Form IA RubisCO sequences, which revealed a complex and distinct variety in different sampling stations, were expressed in the original groundwater and in samples amended with oxygen, but not in the aquifer groundwater enriched with nitrate. Form IC RubisCO genes were exclusively detected in groundwater supplied with oxygen and sequences were affiliated with cbbL genes in nitrifying bacteria. cbbM genes were not expressed in the oxygen-amended groundwater, probably due to the low CO(2) /O(2) substrate specificity of this enzyme. Most form II RubisCO transcripts were affiliated with RubisCO genes of denitrifiers, which are important residents in the groundwater supplied with nitrate. The distinct distribution pattern and diversity of RubisCO genes and transcripts obtained in this study suggest that the induction of different RubisCO enzymes is highly regulated and closely linked to the actual environmental conditions.
A system for simulation, emulation, and deployment of heterogeneous sensor networks

Recently deployed Wireless Sensor Network systems (WSNs) are increasingly following <i>heterogeneous</i> designs, incorporating a mixture of elements with widely varying capabilities. The development and deployment of WSNs rides heavily on the availability of simulation, emulation, visualization and analysis support. In this work, we develop tools specifically to support <i>heterogeneous</i> systems, as well as to support the measurement and visualization of <i>operational</i> systems that is critical to addressing the inevitable problems that crop up in deployment. Our system differs from related systems in three key ways: in its ability to simulate and emulate <i>heterogeneous</i> systems in their entirety, in its extensive support for integration and interoperability between motes and microservers, and in its unified set of tools that capture, view, and analyze real time debugging information from simulations, emulations, and deployments.
Spoiling Childhood: How Well-Meaning Parents Are Giving Children Too Much - But Not What They Need

Rubin, Foreword. Perils of Parenting. Your Majesty, The Baby. And Baby Makes Three, or Is Baby Me? Parenting by Guilt. My Toddler, the Doctor. Pampering Our Children toward Success. Parents Caught in the Traffic in Love. Use the Rod, Lose the Child. The Kinderdult. Toward Better Odds for Parenting.
Incorporating the Corporation in Citizenship: A Response to Néron and Norman

This article presents a response to Néron and Norman’s contention that the language of citizenship is helpful in thinking about the political dimensions of corporate responsibilities. We argue that Néron and Norman’s main conclusions are valid but offer an extension of their analysis to incorporate extant streams of literature dealing with the political role of the corporation. We also propose that the perspective on citizenship adopted by Néron and Norman is rather narrow, and therefore provide some alternative ways in which corporations and citizenship might be brought together. We conclude by suggesting that, rather than simply applying the concept of citizenship to corporations, we now need to go further in exploring how corporations might play an active role in reconfiguring the whole notion of citizenship itself.
Shoulder-hand syndrome, sympathetic block compared with corticotropin and cortisone therapy.

It is the purpose of this paper to compare the effects of cortisone and corticotropin (ACTH) with those of stellate blocks in management of the shoulder-hand syndrome (reflex dystrophy of the upper extremity). Owing to the present lack of such comparative information on these methods of treatment, we wish to present our observations. The concept of the shoulder-hand syndrome has been widely discussed in previous publications. 1 TREATMENT OF SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME Many forms of therapy have been attempted with largely unsatisfactory results. Our observations, like those of others, had led us to regard sympathetic ganglion block with procaine, or similar substances, as the most beneficial nonsurgical treatment for the shoulder-hand syndrome. 2 To date, of 126 cases of this entity under our observation, 69 have been treated by stellate blocks. Complete recovery or great improvement occurred in 22 patients (31.8%), 34 (49.3%) have received appreciable benefit, and 13 (18.9%) had
Coinfection with Multiple TT Virus Strains Belonging to Different Genotypes Is a Common Event in Healthy Brazilian Adults

ABSTRACT Testing of the DNA of TT virus (TTV) was done with serum samples obtained from 191 persons working in a public hospital of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. TTV DNA was detected by PCR in the sera of 125 (65.4%) individuals. PCR products were cloned, and sequences with a length of 159 bases surrounding the TATA signal region were determined for 100 clones derived from 31 individuals. One clone from each of 23 subjects was sequenced, while 7 to 19 clones from eight individuals were sequenced. None of the sera contained a viral sequence identical to that of any other individual. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of a divergent TTV genotype possessing a single-base deletion at position 140. Among the eight persons for whom various sequences were analyzed, six were coinfected with between two and seven TTV strains belonging to different genotypes. The results suggest that coinfection with multiple TTV strains belonging to different genotypes is a common event in healthy Brazilian adults.
The importance of a multifaceted approach to characterizing the microbial flora of chronic wounds

Chronic wounds contain complex polymicrobial communities of sessile organisms that have been underappreciated because of limitations of standard culture techniques. The aim of this work was to combine recently developed next‐generation investigative techniques to comprehensively describe the microbial characteristics of chronic wounds. Tissue samples were obtained from 15 patients with chronic wounds presenting to the Johns Hopkins Wound Center. Standard bacteriological cultures demonstrated an average of three common bacterial species in wound samples. By contrast, high‐throughput pyrosequencing revealed increased bacterial diversity with an average of 17 genera in each wound. Data from microbial community profiling of chronic wounds were compared with published sequenced analyses of bacteria from normal skin. Increased proportions of anaerobes, Gram‐negative rods and Gram‐positive cocci were found in chronic wounds. In addition, chronic wounds had significantly lower populations of Propionibacterium compared with normal skin. Using epifluorescence microscopy, wound bacteria were visualized in highly organized thick confluent biofilms or as scattered individual bacterial cells. Fluorescent in situ hybridization allowed for the visualization of Staphylococcus aureus cells in a wound sample. Quorum‐sensing molecules were measured by bioassay to evaluate signaling patterns among bacteria in the wounds. A range of autoinducer‐2 activities was detected in the wound samples. Collectively, these data provide new insights into the identity, organization, and behavior of bacteria in chronic wounds. Such information may provide important clues to effective future strategies in wound healing.
Dynamic balancing randomization in controlled clinical trials

In the design of randomized clinical trials, balancing of treatment allocation across important prognostic factors (strata) improves the efficiency of the final comparisons. Whilst randomization methods exist which attempt to balance treatments across the strata (permuted blocks, minimization, biased coin), these approaches assign equal importance for all the strata. Dynamic balancing randomization (DBR) is a tree‐based method proposed by Signorini et al. allowing different levels of imbalance in different strata which ensures a balance for each level of prognostic risk factors (conditional balance) whilst at the same time preserving randomness. We present a simple modification to the original approach to maintain a marginal balance over important strata and examine the properties of this modification. Two important measures of performance are used to provide comparisons between the approaches: a loss function, which can be interpreted as the squared norm of the imbalance vector, and a forcing index which conveys the degree of randomness. A comparison of DBR with minimization and a biased coin design is carried out by simulation on two simulated trials. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Nature and Nurture of Parenting Behavior: Association of Parental Serotonin Transporter Genotype and Personality Traits with Self-Reported and Observed Parenting Behavior

Given that parenting behavior is central to children's physical, academic, and socio-emotional outcomes, improved understanding about the correlates of human parenting behavior will benefit children's development. This dissertation utilized two separate ethnically and socio-economically diverse community-based samples (177 parents of 6-9 year-old children with and without ADHD; and a subset of 56 mothers and 57 fathers selected from a larger study of newlywed marriage and family development) recruited from the same metropolitan area in the western United States. Our goals were three-fold: (1) to examine the association of parental 5-HTTLPR genotype and personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness) with self-reported and observed parenting behavior; (2) to evaluate parenting stress and negative child behavior as moderators of the relationship between parental personality traits and parenting behavior; (3) and to test parental personality traits as independent and collective mediators of the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and parenting behavior. Several key innovations were featured, including stringent control of parental depression and negative child behavior, use of normed measures of parental personality, and employment of rigorous boostrapping procedures to evaluate multiple mediation. In the first sample, elevated parental extraversion was individually and independently associated with increased observed positive parenting behavior; parenting stress and child negative behavior separately moderated the relationship between agreeableness level and positive parenting behavior; s-allele carriers (i.e., s/s or s/l) displayed fewer instances of observed negative parenting behavior; and parental extraversion mediated the association of 5-HTTLPR with self-reported positive parenting and self-reported parental involvement. In the second sample, child negativity moderated the relationship between parental neuroticism and observed parental supportiveness, without control of parental depression, whereas parenting stress moderated the relationship between parental agreeableness level and observed cognitive nurturance (regardless of whether parental depression was controlled). We consider emerging evidence on the correlates of individual differences in human parenting behavior and discuss implications for future research and parenting interventions.
Search-based synthesis of equivalent method sequences

Software components are usually redundant, since their interface offers different operations that are equivalent in their functional behavior. Several reliability techniques exploit this redundancy to either detect or tolerate faults in software. Metamorphic testing, for instance, executes pairs of sequences of operations that are expected to produce equivalent results, and identifies faults in case of mismatching outcomes. Some popular fault tolerance and self-healing techniques execute redundant operations in an attempt to avoid failures at runtime. The common assumption of these techniques, though, is that such redundancy is known a priori. This means that the set of operations that are supposed to be equivalent in a given component should be available in the specifications. Unfortunately, inferring this information manually can be expensive and error prone. This paper proposes a search-based technique to synthesize sequences of method invocations that are equivalent to a target method within a finite set of execution scenarios. The experimental results obtained on 47 methods from 7 classes show that the proposed approach correctly identifies equivalent method sequences in the majority of the cases where redundancy was known to exist, with very few false positives.
Solitary Alcohol Use in Teens Is Associated With Drinking in Response to Negative Affect and Predicts Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood

Adolescent solitary drinking may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior, with important implications for understanding risk for alcohol-use disorders later in life. Within a self-medication framework, we hypothesized that solitary alcohol use would be associated with drinking in response to negative affect and that such a pattern of drinking would predict alcohol problems in young adulthood. We tested these predictions in a longitudinal study in which we examined whether solitary drinking in adolescence (ages 12–18) predicted alcohol-use disorders in young adulthood (age 25) in 466 alcohol-using teens recruited from clinical programs and 243 alcohol-using teens recruited from the community. Findings showed that solitary drinking was associated with drinking in response to negative affect during adolescence and predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood. Results indicate that drinking alone is an important type of alcohol-use behavior that increases risk for the escalation of alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems.
Supplement to : Developing a Single Model and Test Prioritization Strategies for Event-Driven Software

This section presents detailed results for our study for RQ1 using the APFD metric. For each application, we divide the prioritization criteria into two sets (static and usage event-based) and present them in two graphs to better show the trends. The graphs are shown in log-scale. The controls (G-Best, Random, and G-Worst) appear in each graph. We also present the APFD values for the different prioritization criteria in tabular form. Due to space constraints, the tables report the APFD after every 10% increment of the test suite execution. In each table, we highlight the best APFD values for each increment with a bold font, along with the results for the G-Best control. TerpCalc: Figure 1 reports the APFD for the 10 prioritization criteria and 3 control criteria. This data is also shown in Table 10 in [1]. TerpPaint: Figure 2 and Table 1 show the results of our 10 prioritization criteria in relation to our controls of Random, G-Best, and G-Worst. In this study, PV-LtoS achieves the best rate of fault detection, followed by 2way. The Weighted-Freq and MFPS prioritization criteria are the 3 and 4 best, with Weighted-Freq providing
Patient-specific scatter correction in clinical cone beam computed tomography imaging made possible by the combination of Monte Carlo simulations and a ray tracing algorithm

Abstract Purpose. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality is limited by scattered photons. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations provide the ability of predicting the patient-specific scatter contamination in clinical CBCT imaging. Lengthy simulations prevent MC-based scatter correction from being fully implemented in a clinical setting. This study investigates the combination of using fast MC simulations to predict scatter distributions with a ray tracing algorithm to allow calibration between simulated and clinical CBCT images. Material and methods. An EGSnrc-based user code (egs_cbct), was used to perform MC simulations of an Elekta XVI CBCT imaging system. A 60keV x-ray source was used, and air kerma scored at the detector plane. Several variance reduction techniques (VRTs) were used to increase the scatter calculation efficiency. Three patient phantoms based on CT scans were simulated, namely a brain, a thorax and a pelvis scan. A ray tracing algorithm was used to calculate the detector signal due to primary photons. A total of 288 projections were simulated, one for each thread on the computer cluster used for the investigation. Results. Scatter distributions for the brain, thorax and pelvis scan were simulated within 2% statistical uncertainty in two hours per scan. Within the same time, the ray tracing algorithm provided the primary signal for each of the projections. Thus, all the data needed for MC-based scatter correction in clinical CBCT imaging was obtained within two hours per patient, using a full simulation of the clinical CBCT geometry. Conclusions. This study shows that use of MC-based scatter corrections in CBCT imaging has a great potential to improve CBCT image quality. By use of powerful VRTs to predict scatter distributions and a ray tracing algorithm to calculate the primary signal, it is possible to obtain the necessary data for patient specific MC scatter correction within two hours per patient.
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Timing Is Everything: Changes in Presentation Rate Have opposite Effects on Auditory and Visual Implicit Statistical Learning

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Is managed care leading to consolidation in health-care markets?

OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which managed care has led to consolidation among hospitals and physicians. DATA SOURCES We use data from the American Hospital Association, American Medical Association, and government censuses. STUDY DESIGN Two stage least squares regression analysis examines how cross-section variation in managed care penetration affects provider consolidation, while controlling for the endogeneity of managed-care penetration. Specifically, we examine inpatient hospital markets and physician practice size in large metropolitan areas. DATA COLLECTION METHODS All data are from secondary sources, merged at the level of the Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We find that higher levels of local managed-care penetration are associated with substantial increases in consolidation in hospital and physician markets. In the average market (managed-care penetration equaled 34 percent in 1994), managed care was associated with an increase in the Herfindahl of . 054 between 1981 and 1994, moving from . 096 in 1981 to . 154. This is equivalent to moving from 10.4 equal-size hospitals to 6.5 equal-sized hospitals. In the physician market place, we estimate that at the mean, managed care resulted in a 14 percentage point decrease of physicians in solo practice between 1986 and 1995. This implies a decrease in the percentage of doctors in solo practice from 38 percent in 1986 to 24 percent by 1995.
THE EFFECT OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN ON THE METABOLISM OF HELA CELLS

The effect of toxin on the incorporation of uridine and thymidine into nucleic acids was investigated. P32 orthophosphate incorporation into the nucleoside phosphate fraction was also investigated. No early effect of toxin on nucleic acid synthesis was evident and only a slight effect of toxin on nucleoside phosphate formation was found prior to 1.5 hours after toxin addition. Both these processes, however, were found to be sensitive to dinitrophenol. These results are interpreted as indicating that toxin does not act by a general uncoupling of oxidation from phosphorylation. Other possible mechanisms of toxin action are proposed.
The making of a melanocyte: the specification of melanoblasts from the neural crest

Melanocytes differentiate from the neural crest (NC), which is a transient population of cells that delaminates from the neural tube and migrates extensively throughout the embryo during vertebrate development. Melanoblast specification from NC precursors is a progressive process during which initially pluripotent cells become restricted to the melanogenic lineage and adopt the gene expression profile and morphology of melanocytes. This specification process is governed primarily by Wnt and BMP signaling molecules, although other signaling pathways, such as those activated by Kit and Endothelin 3, can also stimulate melanogenesis. The transcriptional repressor FoxD3 occupies a central role in melanocyte fate determination by repressing melanogenesis in premigratory NC cells and in other NC lineages.
A joint learning based Face Super Resolution approach via contextual topological structure

Face Super Resolution(FSR) is to infer High Resolution(HR) facial images from given Low Resolution(LR) ones with the assistance of LR and HR training pairs. Among existing methods, local patch based methods are superior in visual and objective quality than global based methods. These local patch based methods are based on the consistency assumption that the neighbors in HR/LR space form similar local geometry. But when LR images are with low quality, the LR space is seriously contaminated that even two distinct patches look similar, which means that the consistency assumption is not well held anymore. To this end, in this paper we introduce the contextual topological structure of target patch to improve the consistency. The contextual topological structure consists of the target patch as well as its adjacent patches, we explore the relationship between them based on statistical probability and apply the relationship for joint learning progress of mapping from LR to HR. By incorporating the contextual topological structure, the robustness to noise of approach is increased as well as the LR/HR consistency. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Genetic influences on frontal brain function: WCST performance in twins

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is one of the most widely used assessments of executive functioning related to prefrontal cortex. However, little is known about genetic and environmental determinants of individual differences in WCST performance. This study assessed heritability of standard WCST scores in a sample of 168 young female twins including 58 monozygotic and 25 dizygotic pairs. Several WSCT indices, including the number and percentage of errors, the number of perseverative responses, and the number and percent of perseverative errors, showed significant heritability ranging from 37 to 46%. The results suggest that selected aspects of frontal executive functioning measured by the WCST are moderately influenced by genetic factors.