Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the evidence on the economic impacts of integrated care

This new policy summary reviews the existing evidence on the economic impact of integrated care approaches. Whereas it is generally accepted that integrated care models have a positive effect on the quality of care, health outcomes and patient satisfaction, it is less clear how cost effective they are. As the evidence-base in this field is rather weak, the authors suggest that we may have to revisit our understanding of the concept and our expectations in terms of its assessment. Integrated care should rather be seen as a complex strategy to innovate and implement long-lasting change in the way services in the health and social-care sectors are delivered. This policy summary (number 11) is based on a report for the European Commission to inform the discussions of the EU’s Reflection process on modern, responsive and sustainable health systems on the objective of integrated care models and better hospital management. Both authors are affiliated to RAND Europe.
Spiritual Landscapes of Life and Death in the Central Highlands of East Timor

In the 1990s, the inhabitants of the East Timorese highland village of Funar returned to their ancestral land after having been forcibly dislocated by the Indonesian military. This paper explores how recent historical events, war, forced resettlement and conversion to Catholicism have affected the villagers' relationship with the spiritual landscape. Have these historical developments, as they have done elsewhere in Southeast Asia, led to the purification of the landscape through which the material world is separated from the spiritual realm? I argue that, rather than purifying the landscape, the returning villagers are keen to ‘re-inspirit’ the material environment, restoring reciprocal relations with the spiritual realm and thus ensuring the economic and social benefits flowing from this. Catholicism is not considered to be opposed to the spiritual potency of the landscape; rather, Catholic symbols and practices are creatively appropriated as they are considered to be evidence of the landscape's existing potency. However, the return migration involved not only the re-enchantment of the landscape but also an attempt to distance the dangerous spirits that inhabited the abandoned lands. Hence, I conclude, the returning villagers of Funar are involved in a twofold process aimed at achieving the right balance in their relationship with the spiritual landscape: attempting to restore and revitalise their reciprocal relations with it whilst also establishing a safe distance by detaching themselves from its threatening aspects.
An update on American Indian suicide in New Mexico, 1980-1987

This paper updates a previous study of American Indian suicide in New Mexico which covered the years 1957-1979. Rates for completed suicides among the Apache, Navajo, and Pueblo for 1980-1987 are compared to earlier rates, as are selected demographic and situational variables. Major findings suggest that suicide rates are stabilizing or declining for all three groups in the most recent years. For the Apache and Pueblo groups, however, this trend may just be the downswing of cycles that have been identified by this study. Age-adjusted suicide rates for all three groups remain above US rates for 1980-1987, but some of this difference may be attributable to regional variation. Age-specific rates for all three groups remain above US rates for most age groups under 55 years. Apache rates are still the highest, followed by Pueblo and Navajo rates. A comparison of Indian and non-Indian suicide rates in New Mexico indicates higher rates for Indians, particularly in those counties where the Apache and Pueblo tribe.
Parental Care AIDS, but Parental Overprotection Hinders, College Adjustment

Previous work has shown that students who have troublesome relationships with their parents show higher risk factors for poorer college adjustment. In the present study, we focused on the balance between two key aspects of parenting style, parental care and overprotection, as they affect the transition to college life. Eighty-three undergraduate college students completed the College Adjustment Scales and the Parental Bonding Instrument. The most successful college adjustment was seen in students with parents viewed as providing the unique combination of high care and low overprotection. Higher parental care and less overprotection were significantly associated with better college adjustment across several domains of college-related problems, including academic problems, anxiety, interpersonal problems, depression, self-esteem problems, and family problems. Both maternal and paternal care was critical for successful college adjustment. These results have important implications for understanding how familial issues powerfully influence college adjustment and student retention, and provide compelling evidence of the need for limits to parental support in students entering college.
A Component Level Test Method for Evaluating the Resistance of Pb-free BGA Solder Joints to Brittle Fracture under Shock Impact

A high-speed shear tester has been used to evaluate the interface strength of Pb-free solder balls with varying Ag and Cu content to a BGA laminate interposer with different finishes. The shear rate used is 0.45 m/s. Components with SAC405 and SnPb solder balls have been used as a reference. Results are compared with SAC305, SAC305 with NiGe addition, Castin 258 (2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.5Sb), SAC105 (1.0Ag-0.5Ag), SAC101 (1.0Ag-0.1Cu-0.02Ni-xIn), SACX (0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.1Bi), LF35 (1.2Ag-0.5Cu) and Sn3.5Ag. Electroplated NiAu finishes on the BGA laminate interposer studied come from different suppliers. Three failure modes are observed in the high speed shear test: brittle fracture in the intermetallic layer at the ball/interposer interface, ductile fracture in the solder bump and peel off of the solder pad from the interposer. Analysis of the fracture interface shows that almost all Pb-free solder alloys fail either in the intermetallic layer or by pad peel off. Only SAC101 and Sn3.5Ag show ductile fracture in the bump or pad peel off, but no fracture in the intermetallic layer. This is comparable with results for eutectic SnPb under these test conditions. A JEDEC board level drop test on same packaging with SAC101, SAC305 and SnPbAg shows that the number of drops to failure for packages with SAC 101 is also higher than those with SAC 405 and even slightly higher than with eutectic SnPb solder balls. Failure analysis is done to understand the difference in shock resistance with different solder bumps. From the observations in both of the tests, it is evidenced that the high speed shear test, when combined with proper analysis of the failure mode, is a simple but very powerful tool to evaluate the resistance of Pb-free BGA solder joints to brittle fracture under shock impact.
Effectiveness of a Forgiveness Program for Arab Israeli Adolescents in Israel: An Empirical Trial

This study evaluated the effect of a forgiveness counseling intervention with 146 Arab adolescents in Israel. Students from seven classrooms and schools participated in an experimental intervention study in which half of each class was randomly assigned to a forgiveness-promoting program while the other half remained in class for a social discussion with their homeroom teacher. Results indicated that students in the forgiveness intervention condition reported more increased empathy and greater reductions in endorsement of aggression, revenge, avoidance, and hostility than students in the control condition. Of the group process variables, depth of the session appears to be the best predictor of outcomes. The discussion highlights the theoretical, clinical, and didactical implications.
School effects that shape students' intentions to stay-on in education

Abstract The British government wants 50% of people under the age of 30 to have experienced higher education by 2010. However, do students really want to stay on into post-compulsory education and what factors shape their intentions? This article presents an empirical investigation into the factors that influence the intentions of fulltime students to stay on in education at the age of 16. Focus is placed on the school-specific effects captured via fixed effects nominal logit regression analysis using data from the Bradford Youth Cohort. Results indicate that school-specific effects have a significant impact on intentions to stay on in education. This has implications for policy formation, and the achievement of government targets of student numbers in further and higher education.
The influence of grain shape and volume fraction of sheet silicates on elastic properties of aggregates: Biotite platelets in an isotropic matrix

Elastic anisotropy of sheet-silicate-rich rocks such as shales and slates strongly depends on the orientation distribution of platelet-shaped minerals, as well as shape and orientation of pores. Bulk elastic anisotropy of the rock results in the anisotropy with respect to the propagation of elastic waves, and consequently, the fastest P-waves can travel with velocities exceeding the slowest velocities by a factor of two or even greater. An important factor is the sheet-silicate’s grain shapes. We approached a model system of biotite platelets in an isotropic matrix with different methods: A mean-field self-consistent method that considered ellipsoidal particles in an effective anisotropic matrix, and a full-field method based on fast Fourier transforms that considered the microstructure, the topology of the polycrystal, and local interactions. Both methods provided numerically very close results. Using these results, we predicted that the aggregate with more oblate grain shape (thinner platelets) was elastically more anisotropic than the material with grains of less oblate shape, but only for small volume fractions of oriented platelets. For large fractions of platelets, the opposite was true. This switchover in the elastic anisotropy depended on texture strength, platelet shape, and elastic properties of the isotropic matrix.
Resilience, Community, and Resilient Communities: Conditioning Contexts and Collective Action

This article explores the idea of community as it relates to the concept of resilience. It focuses on community both as context (local environments providing a set of risk and protective factors that have an influence on the well-being of community members) and as collective actors that can exhibit resilience in themselves by organizing and acting in response to adversity. Finally, it teases out some implications—both possibilities and limitations—of this framework for social policy and practice.
Melatonin protects PLPC liposomes and LDL towards radical‐induced oxidation

Abstract: This study investigated the in vitro protective effects of melatonin against oxidation of 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (PLPC) liposomes [(PLPC) = 250 μm] and low‐density lipoproteins (LDL, 3 g/L total concentration) by hydroxyl radicals produced by water gamma radiolysis. Conjugated dienes (CD) and hydroperoxides from cholesteryl esters (CEOOH) and phospholipids (PCOOH) were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation. Protein (apoB) oxidation in LDL was assessed by carbonyl groups. Two LDL antioxidants (vitamin E and β‐carotene) were monitored as a function of the radiation dose. Three concentrations of melatonin were studied in PLPC liposomes, i.e., 20, 50 and 100 μm, and one in LDL, i.e., 100 μm. Melatonin consumption was also followed up in both lipid models upon irradiation, together with the residual PLPC concentration in liposomes. In PLPC liposomes, scavenging of lipid‐derived peroxyl radicals was not the only phenomenon to explain the protective properties of melatonin towards lipid peroxidation. Indeed, melatonin also reacted with hydroxyl radicals generated in aqueous phase, which led us to suggest that hydroxyl radicals reacted relatively slowly with PLPC. Melatonin was efficient in lowering lipid peroxidation in LDL, as shown by the decrease in the formation of CDs and in hydroperoxides. Moreover, melatonin clearly slowed radio‐induced apolipoprotein B carbonylation and protected α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene in LDL.
John Marshall and the developmental dyslexias

Background: In 1984, John Marshall made the case that one can use a model of the skilled reading system not only to interpret the acquired dyslexias, but also to interpret the developmental dyslexias, and the particular model of the skilled reading system he favoured for this purpose was the dual-route model. This claim has been a controversial one, with many researchers claiming that static models of adult skilled reading, such as the dual-route model, are inappropriate for understanding the process of reading development and, consequently, the developmental reading disorders. Aims: In this paper, we examine how Marshall's conjecture has fared over the past 20 years. Main Contribution: We evaluate Marshall's conjecture by examining evidence for developmental analogues of acquired surface and phonological dyslexia, by reporting new data on cases of “pure” developmental surface and phonological dyslexia, and by assessing the success of dual route versus connectionist accounts of these subtypes. We also report evidence that the dual-route model of skilled reading provides an accurate account of the reading performance of children at all stages of reading development. Conclusion: We conclude that Marshall's controversial claim has been vindicated by subsequent research.
Multi-GeV Neutrinos from Internal Dissipation in Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs

Subphotospheric internal shocks and transverse differences of the bulk Lorentz factor in relativistic fireball models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) lead to neutron diffusion relative to protons, resulting in inelastic nuclear collisions. This results in significant fluxes of νμ(μ) of ~3 GeV and νe(e) of ~2 GeV, scaling with the flow Lorentz factor η < ηπ ~ 400. This extends significantly the parameter space for which neutrinos from inelastic collision are expected, which in the absence of the above effects requires values in excess of ηπ. A model with sideways diffusion of neutrons from a slower wind into a fast jet can lead to production of νμ(μ) and νe(e) in the range 2-25 GeV or higher, depending on the value of η. The emission from either of these mechanisms from GRBs at redshifts z ~ 1 may be detectable in suitably densely spaced detectors.
The Distinctive Challenge of Educating Social Entrepreneurs: A Postscript and Rejoinder to the Special Issue on Entrepreneurship Education

In September 2004, Academy of Management Learning and Education published a special issue on the role of management education in the training and development of entrepreneurs. Despite making a significant contribution to current thinking about entrepreneurship education, we consider that the special issue contains an important omission - there is no discussion of social entrepreneurs, individuals who develop economically sustainable solutions to social problems. In this essay we seek to address this omission, and to outline the distinctive challenges and issues involved in teaching and developing entrepreneurs that combine social and commercial objectives.
Local-Reference Patient Dose Evaluation in Conventional Radiography Examinations in Mazandaran, Iran

Background The most efficient application of ionizing radiation is serving medical purposes and using this radiation has caused people to learn that artificial sources of radiation exposure among these resources can be of highest exposure rate. Obiective The present study is aimed at initially establishing a baseline for local-reference dose level in Mazandaran, Iran in 12 projections of the most conventional x-ray examination. Methods In this study, 13 public hospitals in Mazandaran province were selected for review and required data collected for ten adult patients with mean weight of 70±10kg in each projection. Then, information of each center was separately analyzed. Next, in order to measure x-ray output tube, the dosimeter RTI model Barracuda calibrated has been applied for measuring air karma within energy rage of 40-150kvp. ESAK and ESD parameters, usually used for monitoring DRL in conventional radiography, were calculated. Results Mean ESDs in this study has been obtained to 1.47±0.98 for skull (PA/AP), 1.01±0.79 for skull (LAT), 0.67±0.38 for cervical spine (AP), 0.79±0.37 for cervical (LAT), 0.49±0.38 for chest (PA/AP), 1.06±0.44 for chest (LAT), 2.15±0.73 for thoracic spine (AP), 3±0.87 for thoracic spine (LAT), 2.81 ±0.82 for lumbar spine (AP), 4.28±0.78 for lumbar (LAT), 2.07±1.17 for abdomen and 1.90±0.99 for pelvis, respectively. The ESDs calculated for chest examination in both projections, PA and LAT are more than values recommended by the UK (2000), Brazil and Slovenia. Conclusion The present study has determined wide variations in radiation dose of x-ray examinations among hospitals in Mazandaran, Iran. In order to reduce skin dose, an optimization procedure should be considered. Application of a reference dose (DRL) could be a practical method for this purpose. The role of optimization of radiography parameters for reducing patient dose is a significant issue. Through optimizing parameters, it would be possible to preserve image quality while reduction of patient dose.
Epicardial Outgrowth Inhibition Leads to Compensatory Mesothelial Outflow Tract Collar and Abnormal Cardiac Septation and Coronary Formation

In the present study, we investigated the modulatory role of the epicardium in myocardial and coronary development. Epicardial cell tracing experiments have shown that epicardium-derived cells are the source of interstitial myocardial fibroblasts, cushion mesenchyme, and smooth muscle cells. Epicardial outgrowth inhibition studies show abnormalities of the compact myocardial layer, myocardialization of cushion tissue, looping, septation, and coronary vascular formation. Lack of epicardial spreading is partly compensated by mesothelial outgrowth over the conotruncal region. Heterospecific epicardial transplant is able to partially rescue the myocardial development, as well as septation and coronary formation.
Scene Parsing Using Region-Based Generative Models

Semantic scene classification is a challenging problem in computer vision. In contrast to the common approach of using low-level features computed from the whole scene, we propose "scene parsing" utilizing semantic object detectors (e.g., sky, foliage, and pavement) and region-based scene-configuration models. Because semantic detectors are faulty in practice, it is critical to develop a region-based generative model of outdoor scenes based on characteristic objects in the scene and spatial relationships between them. Since a fully connected scene configuration model is intractable, we chose to model pairwise relationships between regions and estimate scene probabilities using loopy belief propagation on a factor graph. We demonstrate the promise of this approach on a set of over 2000 outdoor photographs, comparing it with existing discriminative approaches and those using low-level features
Chemiresistor Devices for Chemical Warfare Agent Detection Based on Polymer Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Chemical warfare agents (CWA) continue to present a threat to civilian populations and military personnel in operational areas all over the world. Reliable measurements of CWAs are critical to contamination detection, avoidance, and remediation. The current deployed systems in United States and foreign militaries, as well as those in the private sector offer accurate detection of CWAs, but are still limited by size, portability and fabrication cost. Herein, we report a chemiresistive CWA sensor using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) wrapped with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) derivatives. We demonstrate that a pendant hexafluoroisopropanol group on the polymer that enhances sensitivity to a nerve agent mimic, dimethyl methylphosphonate, in both nitrogen and air environments to concentrations as low as 5 ppm and 11 ppm, respectively. Additionally, these PEDOT/SWCNT derivative sensor systems experience negligible device performance over the course of two weeks under ambient conditions.
Unsupervised change detection on SAR images using Markovian fusion

In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised change detection approach in temporal sets of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using Markovian fusion. This method is carried out within a Markovian framework which combines two different change detection algorithms to achieve noise removing and spatial information preserving at the same time. This approach is composed of two steps: 1) two change maps are generated by two distinctive but complementary approaches respectively; 2) final results are achieved by fusing the two change maps within a Markovian framework. In the first step, two different thresholding algorithms are selected to get two change maps aimed at speckle noise removing and spatial contexture preserving respectively; In the second step, a solution to fusion the two change maps through a Markov random field framework is proposed. The minimization of energy function is carried out through iterative conditional mode (ICM) algorithm because of its simplicity and moderate computation-consuming. Experiments results obtained on a SAR data set confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It shows that the fusion approach based on MRFs model is a promising way of achieving robust unsupervised change detection.
International Venture Capital Research: From Cross-Country Comparisons to Crossing Borders

Venture capital (VC) has become an international phenomenon, and VC firms are a specific kind of service firm whose characteristics have distinctive implications for international behaviour. There is now a disparate body of research on international aspects of VC across a number of disciplines comprising finance, economics, strategy, entrepreneurship, international business and economic geography. A novel aspect of this paper is that we review and synthesize this disparate literature. A number of research gaps and limitations in the theoretical and methodological approaches involved in previous studies are identified and suggestions made for further research. We show that the vast majority of the literature relates to cross-country comparisons; that is, macro-level comparisons of VC industries across different countries and micro-level comparisons of VC behaviour across countries. From our review of the literature, we argue that an under-researched area concerns the influence of institutional contexts, especially the role of social networks and cultures. Furthermore, our review of the literature indicates that there is a major research gap in relation to work dealing with the crossing of country borders by VC firms. We suggest that resource-based, capabilities, institutional and network theories may be offer insights to further our understanding of the behaviour of VC firms in this area.
A Deliberative Democratic Approach to Athlete-Centred Sport: The Dynamics of Administrative and Communicative Power

Abstract This article examines the sport policy process in realizing an athlete-centred sport system through the lens of deliberative democracy. We examine the development of an athlete-centred system largely in the context of Canadian high performance sport; however global aspects of this trend are recognized. Athlete-centred initiatives in light of Habermas's (1996) deliberative democracy theory's core concepts of administratively employed power and communicatively generated power are discussed. In particular, we demonstrate instances of communicative power's counter-steering capabilities of the state's use of administrative power. The tensions between administrative and communicative power illustrated through efforts towards establishing an athlete-centred system are also presented. We conclude by discussing the implications for the potential for a deliberative democratic approach in realizing an athlete-centred sport system and raise important issues about its development.