Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based approaches to the management of cognitive and behavioral impairments following pediatric brain injury

Much is now known about the short- and long-term sequelae of pediatric acquired brain injury, with impairments found in general intellectual ability and in more specific domains, including attention, memory, executive functioning (e.g., planning and organization) and educational achievement (e.g., spelling and arithmetic). More recently, researchers have investigated behavioral, adaptive, social and mental health outcomes, and similarly, difficulties have been reported in these domains. While the availability of evidence-based treatments is currently limited, the need for the management of such sequelae has led to an emergence of research with a focus on the development and evaluation of management strategies and intervention programs in order to provide such treatment options.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in diarrheic children in Egypt: molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility.

INTRODUCTION Little information is available regarding the significance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in pediatric diarrhea in Egypt. METHODOLOGY Escherichia coli was isolated from stool samples of 62 diarrheic and 43 non-diarrheic (control) Egyptian children. Samples were screened for genes specific for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Diarrheagenic E. coli were grouped phylogenetically using PCR and tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Isolates designated as EAEC were examined for eight virulence factors (VFs) using PCR. RESULTS EAEC was detected in 19 (30.7%) and 4 (9.3%), EPEC in 2 (3.2%) and 1 (2.3%), and ETEC in 2 (3.2%) and 0 (0.0%) diarrheic and control children, respectively; STEC and EIEC were not detected. Only EAEC was significantly isolated from diarrheic children compared with controls (p < 0.01, OR = 4.31). Three or more VFs (multivirulent isolates) were found in 52.6% and 50% of EAEC isolated from diarrheic children and controls, respectively. More than 73% (17/23) of EAEC isolates were identified as belonging to phylogenetic group D. Multiple-antibiotic resistance (resistance to three or more drugs) was observed in more than 91% of EAEC. CONCLUSIONS Multivirulent EAEC is a significant causative agent of pediatric diarrhea in Egypt, with the majority of isolated EAEC belong to phylogenetic group D. Multiple-antibiotic resistance among EAEC has the potential to be a serious public health problem for the country.
Influences of High Calcination Temperature on Densification and Magnetic Properties of Low-Temperature-Fired NiCuZn Ferrites

Traditional low-temperature-fired NiCuZn ferrites (900 °C sintered) were generally prepared at relatively low calcination temperatures to increase the activity of the calcined powders and promote sintering. However, in this study, we changed the calcination temperature from 700 °C to 1000 °C to investigate the influences of high calcination temperature on the densification characteristic and magnetic properties of the low-temperature-fired NiCuZn ferrites. It was found that although a high calcination temperature decreased the activity of the calcined powder, the NiCuZn ferrite could attain a higher sintered density with an adequate sintering aid. Furthermore, a uniform microstructure with small average grain size was obtained for the sample calcined at 1000 °C with 1 wt% Bi2O3 sintering aid. It also displayed high performances on Q-factor and permeability. Hence, choosing a high calcination temperature and adding more sintering aid was also an option for obtaining high performance and low-temperature-fired NiCuZn ferrites.
Internal medicine-pediatrics combined residency graduates: what are they doing now? Results of a survey.

BACKGROUND While the number of internal medicine-pediatrics (med/peds) residency training programs has increased considerably in the past decade, questions continue to be raised about career paths of the graduates of these programs. It is uncertain whether med/peds graduates follow a generalist career path and whether they continue to practice both specialties. OBJECTIVE To determine the career outcomes of graduates of med/peds residency programs. DESIGN A survey questionnaire of graduates of med/peds residency programs. METHODS The computer databases of the American Board of Pediatrics and the American Board of Internal Medicine were used to identify 1482 individuals who had completed training in combined med/peds residency programs between 1986 and 1995 and who had applied to either board for certification. The survey questionnaire was mailed to all graduates identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time spent in professional activity (patient care, teaching, administration, and research), site of principal clinical activity, ages of the patient population, types of hospital privileges, practice organization, subspecialty activity, night and weekend coverage arrangements, community size of practice, involvement in teaching, and membership in professional organizations. RESULTS Of the total group of 1482 graduates, 87.3% are certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine, 91.3% by the American Board of Pediatrics, and 81.6% by both boards. The survey was completed by 1005 graduates (67.8%). The principal activity of almost 70% of the graduates was direct patient care. Most graduates cared for patients of all ages. More than half of all respondents noted that their principal clinical site is a community office practice. Eighty-five percent managed patients who require hospitalization. Approximately 50% of respondents had a medical school appointment. CONCLUSIONS This study, the largest survey to date of med/peds graduates, provides strong evidence that most med/peds graduates are practicing generalists who care for adults and children. In addition, the fact that 80% of graduates achieve dual board certification suggests that these physicians are well qualified to care for the spectrum of health care needs of children and adults. Because the changing US health care system mandates a strong primary care base, these physicians will play a small but important role in providing high-quality generalist care.
Escherichia coli DraE Adhesin-Associated Bacterial Internalization by Epithelial Cells Is Promoted Independently by Decay-Accelerating Factor and Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule Binding and Does Not Require the DraD Invasin

ABSTRACT The Dr family of Escherichia coli adhesins are virulence factors associated with diarrhea and urinary tract infections. Dr fimbriae are comprised of two subunits. DraE/AfaE represents the major structural, antigenic, and adhesive subunit, which recognizes decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) CEA, CEACAM1, CEACAM3, and CEACAM6 as binding receptors. The DraD/AfaD subunit caps fimbriae and has been implicated in the entry of Dr-fimbriated E. coli into host cells. In this study, we demonstrate that DAF or CEACAM receptors independently promote DraE-mediated internalization of E. coli by CHO cell transfectants expressing these receptors. We also found that DraE-positive recombinant bacteria adhere to and are internalized by primary human bladder epithelial cells which express DAF and CEACAMs. DraE-mediated bacterial internalization by bladder cells was inhibited by agents which disrupt lipid rafts, microtubules, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopic examination of epithelial cells detected considerable recruitment of caveolin, β1 integrin, phosphorylated ezrin, phosphorylated PI3K, and tubulin, but not F-actin, by cell-associated bacteria. Finally, we demonstrate that the DraD subunit, previously implicated as an “invasin,” is not required for β1 integrin recruitment or bacterial internalization.
A Novel Dual-Color Reporter for Identifying Insulin-Producing Beta- Cells and Classifying Heterogeneity of Insulinoma Cell Lines

Many research studies use immortalized cell lines as surrogates for primary beta- cells. We describe the production and use of a novel “indirect" dual-fluorescent reporter system that leads to mutually exclusive expression of EGFP in insulin-producing (INS+) beta-cells or mCherry in non-beta-cells. Our system uses the human insulin promoter to initiate a Cre-mediated shift in reporter color within a single transgene construct and is useful for FACS selection of cells from single cultures for further analysis. Application of our reporter to presumably clonal HIT-T15 insulinoma cells, as well as other presumably clonal lines, indicates that these cultures are in fact heterogeneous with respect to INS+ phenotype. Our strategy could be easily applied to other cell- or tissue-specific promoters. We anticipate its utility for FACS purification of INS+ and glucose-responsive beta-like-cells from primary human islet cell isolates or in vitro differentiated pluripotent stem cells.
Corruption, croissance et capital humain : quels rapports ?

L’objectif de ce papier est d’expliquer l’une des raisons du fort taux d’abandon devenu monnaie courante dans nos universites Africaines. En d’autres termes, comment dans un environnement corrompu, les etudiants perdent tout engouement de poursuivre les etudes. Il a ete demontre theoriquement, que l’attrait du gain facile en est la cause la plus pertinente. En effet, des etudiants talentueux qui au depart voudraient faire de longues etudes les jugent precipitamment trop longues, quand ils comparent le niveau de vie de ceux qui en ont deja fait et ceux qui n’en ont pas fait mais riches de par la corruption. La methodologie pour analyser ce phenomene est de deux ordres : a la fois theorique et empirique. Premierement, au plan theorique, nous sommes inspires par l’hypothese de Grusham qui dit que la mauvaise monnaie chasse la bonne ainsi que par la theorie de la panique bancaire qui est que lorsque des mauvaises banques font faillite, les clients des bonnes banques, une fois informes se precipitent pour exiger leurs avoirs dans l’affolement et sans chercher a comprendre, a tel point que c’est tout le systeme bancaire qui explose tres rapidement. Nous pensons que ce phenomene pourrait etre utilise pour expliquer les abandons massifs des bons etudiants. Nous avons donc utilise un modele simplifie de la theorie de la panique bancaire pour montrer que des que les etudiants talentueux sont informes de ce que les mauvais qui n’ont pas termine les etudes s’enrichissent de facon frauduleuse, ils abandonnent les etudes precipitamment pour les rejoindre dans leurs activites mafieuses. En second lieu, un modele econometrique est utilise pour montrer qu’il existe un lien negatif et significatif entre le taux d’inscription aux etudes universitaires et l’indice de corruption. Les resultats confirment qu’il existe effectivement une relation negative et significative (dans un intervalle de confiance de 5%) entre le taux d’inscription aux etudes superieures et le taux de corruption. Un tel mouvement dit de transfuge met en peril grave le systeme educatif des pays Africains. Enfin, le papier attire l’attention des pouvoirs publics sur le fait que si rien n’est fait pour retribuer la connaissance a sa juste valeur, l’ecole en general, et l’enseignement superieur en particulier, risque l’extinction, mettant ainsi en peril tout effort de croissance et de developpement.
Executive Function and False-Belief Understanding in Preschool Children: Two Tasks Are Harder Than One

In this research we examine the relation between executive function (EF) and false-belief (FB) understanding in young children. Specifically, we proposed that performance on tasks combining 2 executive demands: (a) working memory and (b) inhibitory control would be most predictive of performance on FB tasks. Forty-eight children between the ages of 3 and 5 years were given a battery of EF and FB measures. As predicted we found that performance on executive tasks that combined demands for memory and inhibitory control were highly predictive of performance on FB tasks. To further test the relation of EF and FB understanding we also introduced an experimental manipulation designed to reduce the working memory demands of FB tasks. This manipulation did not significantly improve performance. The results from this study provide support for the relation between EF and FB understanding, although the exact nature of the relation requires further clarification.
Prior experience, social network, and levels of entrepreneurial intentions

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose two new constructs reflecting different levels of entrepreneurial intentions which precede actual venture creation: impulsive entrepreneurial intention and deliberate entrepreneurial intention. With a large survey database, this research empirically illustrates the importance in differentiating these two constructs and explores factors facilitating entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, it examines how different types of prior experiences and social networks contribute to these two levels of entrepreneurial intentions. Design/methodology/approach - Data for the analysis come from a survey database on immigrant professionals in Silicon Valley, where 17 key professional associations in Silicon Valley participated (15 of which are Chinese and Indian). The survey was distributed to 10,840 individuals, and 2,273 responses were received. Findings - This research enriches the understanding of a widely-discussed concept of entrepreneurial intention by introducing two levels of entrepreneurial intentions: impulsive entrepreneurial intention and deliberate entrepreneurial intention. It is shown that personal characteristics and cultural background in general contribute to impulsive entrepreneurial intention, which reflects a person's willingness or desire to start up a new business in the future. On the other hand, for deliberate entrepreneurial intention, different types of prior experiences and active involvement in social network can be more important to potential entrepreneurs through helping them identify and configure various resources needed for subsequent entrepreneurial behaviors. Originality/value - This is an original research. The analysis, discussion and result of the paper have not been published anywhere before submission of the manuscript. The differentiation of impulsive entrepreneurial intention from deliberate entrepreneurial intention in this paper helps understand entrepreneurial behaviors better and improve the predictability of entrepreneurial behaviors in the future.
Risk and Sport: An Analysis of Sociological Theories and Research Agendas

Risk has been a prominent keyword in public and academic spheres since the early 1990s. Discourses of risk assessment and management now underpin a vast range of professional, social and political domains, from the planning of children’s leisure to global diplomacy on nuclear proliferation. Similar to “cultural” and “global” turns, we may speak of a “risk turn” that marks an epistemological and ontological step-change from the early 1990s onwards in social sciences.
Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S)

The development and validation of the Polish-language version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S; DiTommaso, Brannen, & Best, 2004) is described in this article. The aim of this study was to translate the SELSA-S into Polish and establish its psychometric properties. A total of 417 university students (262 women and 155 men) aged 19-25 years completed the Polish adaptation of the SELSA-S (SELSA-SPL), and several other measures. All three subscales of the SELSA-SPL showed good internal consistency. Correlations between these three subscales and indicators of psychological functioning demonstrated similar patterns to those of the SELSA-S. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that the structure of the SELSA-SPL was consistent with the original version. The results from the present study indicate that the Polish version of the SELSA-S is a reliable and valid multidimensional measure of loneliness.
NMR Study of Ion Dynamics and Charge Storage in Ionic Liquid Supercapacitors

Ionic liquids are emerging as promising new electrolytes for supercapacitors. While their higher operating voltages allow the storage of more energy than organic electrolytes, they cannot currently compete in terms of power performance. More fundamental studies of the mechanism and dynamics of charge storage are required to facilitate the development and application of these materials. Here we demonstrate the application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the structure and dynamics of ionic liquids confined in porous carbon electrodes. The measurements reveal that ionic liquids spontaneously wet the carbon micropores in the absence of any applied potential and that on application of a potential supercapacitor charging takes place by adsorption of counterions and desorption of co-ions from the pores. We find that adsorption and desorption of anions surprisingly plays a more dominant role than that of the cations. Having elucidated the charging mechanism, we go on to study the factors that affect the rate of ionic diffusion in the carbon micropores in an effort to understand supercapacitor charging dynamics. We show that the line shape of the resonance arising from adsorbed ions is a sensitive probe of their effective diffusion rate, which is found to depend on the ionic liquid studied, as well as the presence of any solvent additives. Taken as whole, our NMR measurements allow us to rationalize the power performances of different electrolytes in supercapacitors.
Taking Steps Together

Objectives. Successful childhood obesity intervention models that build sustainable behavioral change are needed, particularly in low-income, ethnic minority communities disparately affected by this problem. Method. Families were referred to Taking Steps Together (TST) by their primary care provider if at least one child had a body mass index ≥85%. The TST intervention comprised 16 weekly 2-hour classes including educational activities, group cooking/eating, and physical activities for parents and children. TST’s approach emphasized building self-efficacy, targeting both children and parents for healthy change, and fostering intrinsic motivation for healthier living. Pre–post intervention data were collected on health-related behaviors using a survey, and trained staff measured weight and height. Results. Adults (n = 33) and children (n = 62) were largely Hispanic/Latino and low-income. Adults and children significantly increased their fruit and vegetable consumption and weekly physical activity, and adults significantly decreased sugared beverage consumption and screen time. No change in body mass index was observed for adults or children. Conclusions. This family-focused childhood obesity intervention integrated evidence-based principles with a nonprescriptive approach and produced significant improvements in key healthy behaviors for both adults and children.
Indigenous Movements in the Central Andes

The article examines the emergence, or non-emergence, of indigenous movements in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia with the focus on local-level and national political dynamics. It analyzes the evolving nature of the Quechua/Quichua and Ayamara communities, the rise of Andean peasant movements, and their transformation into indigenous ones in the cases of Bolivia and Ecuador. It is argued that indigenous movements in the Central Andes arose in close alliance with national actors prior to the double transition to political democracy and economic neoliberalism. While this transition offered indigenous organizations new opportunities for political participation and international networking, it also revealed the existence of a profound conflict between indigenous and neoliberal agendas.
Child-Holding Patterns

Jamshed Mavalwala, University of Toronto (Anthropology); Laura Thompson, Fort Lee, N.J. (Anthropology); and John Spellman, University of Windsor. Symposium discussants of the fourth and fifth papers were John Barker, Trent University; Michael Chance, University of Birmingham; Marlynn May, University of California, Berkeley; Philip McShane, Mount Saint Vincent University; and Giorgio Tagliacozzo, Institute for Vico Studies. Publication of the conference proceedings is planned. The third in this series of international conferences will be held in May, 1978, devoted to the theme "The Freedom of the Human. " For information, write: Director, Institute of Human Values, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, N.S. , Canada B3H 3C3.
A Model of Academic Self-Concept

Academic self-concept predicts students’ future goals and is affected by a student’s relative success compared with his or her peer group. This exploratory study used structural equation modeling to examine the contributions of the perceived level of difficulty of the curriculum, in addition to the contributions of social comparison and achievement in schoolwork, to academic self-concept among students enrolled in advanced coursework. Along with school achievement, perceived difficulty and social comparison also predicted academic self-concept. The final model indicated that students differentiate between learner self-concept, which is how students perceived their ability to understand new ideas or knowledge, and student self-concept, which is how they perceived their abilities to succeed in school-related tasks. Of these two constructs, student self-concept was a better predictor of future goals; however, the overall effect was small.
Ethnic Identities of University Students

The aim of this article is to understand the relationship between ethnic identity, victimization/witnessing community violence, ethnic discrimination, and aggression in a sample of university students living in the South East Region of Turkey. The participants were 263 university students of predominantly Kurdish ethnic origin. The results showed that males had higher levels of ethnic identity in the dimensions of exploration and commitment. Males also presented higher scores for witnessing community violence and lifetime exposure to ethnic discrimination. The most important predictor of participants’ ethnic identity was witnessing community violence. Participants who witnessed violent acts in their social environment had higher ethnic identity levels. Although the predictor variables could not explain an important part of the participants’ aggression levels, only perceived ethnic discrimination was positively related to aggressive behavior. The role of native language efficiency in ethnic identity is also discussed.
Ruining a good story: Cultivation, perceived realism and narrative

Cultivation research has been criticized for failing to articulate underlying psychological processes and mechanisms. Research into viewers' perceptions of content realism has been implicated in the cultivation process, yet we know little about how viewers assess realism, especially while viewing. This article considers the role of perceived realism judgments in the cultivation process from a narrative perspective. It argues that cultivation research should refocus on the viewer's interaction with the narrative, and that perceived realism judgments should be considered an on-line, evaluative process that has the potential to interfere with cultivation effects.