Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualization of a hyaluronan network on the surface of silicone-hydrogel materials

Biotrue multipurpose solution (MPS) is a bioinspired disinfecting and conditioning solution that includes hyaluronic acid (HA) as a natural wetting agent. Previous studies demonstrated that HA sorbed from Biotrue MPS on both conventional and silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lens materials; an in vitro simulated-wear test validated the presence of HA on the lens surfaces for as long as 20 hours. In this study, the morphology and distribution of HA sorbed from both Biotrue and pure HA solution on SiHy contact lens surfaces was examined. Atomic force microscopy imaging was used to illustrate the topography of fresh SiHy contact lens materials before and after incubation with 0.1% (w/v) HA solution. The distribution, as well as fine details of the HA network, were resolved by first staining HA with Gram’s safranin, then imaging with confocal laser-scanning microscopy and differential interference-contrast microscopy. In this approach, SiHy materials take up the dye (safranin) nonspecifically, such that the resultant safranin–HA complex appears dim against the fluorescent lens background. Balafilcon A was chosen as the representative of glassy SiHy lenses that require postpolymerization plasma treatment to increase wettability. Senofilcon A and samfilcon A were chosen as representatives of SiHy materials fabricated with an internal wetting agent. A confluent and dim HA–safranin network was observed adhered to balafilcon A, senofilcon A, and samfilcon A lens surfaces incubated with either 0.1% (w/v) HA solution or Biotrue MPS. Therefore, the conditioning function provided by Biotrue MPS may be in part explained by the presence of the HA humectant layer that readily sorbs on the various types of SiHy contact lens materials.
Quantitative genetic and translocation experiments reveal genotype‐by‐environment effects on juvenile life‐history traits in two populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Understanding the genetic architecture of phenotypic plasticity is required to assess how populations might respond to heterogeneous or changing environments. Although several studies have examined population‐level patterns in environmental heterogeneity and plasticity, few studies have examined individual‐level variation in plasticity. Here, we use the North Carolina II breeding design and translocation experiments between two populations of Chinook salmon to detail the genetic architecture and plasticity of offspring survival and growth. We followed the survival of 50 800 offspring through the larval stage and used parentage analysis to examine survival and growth through freshwater rearing. In one population, we found that additive genetic, nonadditive genetic and maternal effects explained 25%, 34% and 55% of the variance in larvae survival, respectively. In the second population, these effects explained 0%, 24% and 61% of the variance in larvae survival. In contrast, fry survival was regulated primarily by additive genetic effects, which indicates a shift from maternal to genetic effects as development proceeds. Fry growth also showed strong additive genetic effects. Translocations between populations revealed that offspring survival and growth varied between environments, the degree of which differed among families. These results indicate genetic differences among individuals in their degree of plasticity and consequently their ability to respond to environmental variation.
Learning and Development Expertise: An Australian Analysis

Learning and development (L&D) practitioners draw on a distinctive range of knowledge, skills and techniques in their work. Over the years, there have been attempts to capture this range and identify typical L&D roles. The research presented here was undertaken to identify characteristic areas of expertise (AOEs) of L&D practice in Australia, and to collect data about roles and organizational settings in which these AOEs are deployed. The research was commissioned by the Australian Institute of Training and Development. Literature relating to L&D was consulted, and Australian L&D experts were interviewed to draft a list of L&D AOEs. Responses to a survey by 589 Australian L&D practitioners were used to appraise the model. A principal components analysis of perceptions of the importance of the different types of expertise revealed that practitioners tended to rate one of three ‘clusters’ as important to their work: a strategy and analysis cluster, a learning facilitation cluster and a design and systems cluster. This analysis raises the question of contemporary L&D roles with implications for strategic HRD policy and professional associations. The typology may be utilized to target professional L&D activities, and provides impetus for further research to investigate the internal relationships between cluster components.
In Vivo Imaging of Mouse Cochlea by Optical Coherence Tomography

Hypothesis Cochlear pathology can be evaluated in living animals using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Background The current imaging methods available for the detailed analysis of cochlear pathology in a clinical setting provide only limited information. Thus, a cochlear imaging modality with high definition is needed for improving the diagnosis of cochlear pathology. OCT has been used in other fields for obtaining high-resolution subsurface images, and its use could potentially be extended to the analysis of cochlear pathogenesis. Methods Slc26a4(–/–) mice, which generate endolymphatic hydrops, and their littermates were used in this study. Auditory function was monitored by the auditory brainstem responses (ABR). After the mice were placed under general anesthesia, OCT images of the cochlea were captured. The cochlea was subsequently dissected out and histologically evaluated. Three or 7 days later, the wild-type mice cochleae were visualized again. Results In ABR assessments, Slc26a4(–/–) mice showed severe hearing loss, while no significant hearing loss was found in Slc26a4(+/–) or Slc26a4(+/+) mice. OCT demonstrated normal morphology in the cochlea of both Slc26a4(+/–) and Slc26a4(+/+) mice, including the location of Reissner’s membrane. Meanwhile, in Slc26a4(–/–) mice, obvious dislocation of Reissner’s membrane was observed, indicating severe endolymphatic hydrops. These findings in the OCT images were consistent with the histologic results for the cochlear morphology, as observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Three or 7 days later, wild-type cochleae were successfully visualized using OCT, and no otitis media or labyrinthitis was observed. Conclusion OCT can be applied in the detection of endolymphatic hydrops in living mice, indicating the potential of OCT for cochlear imaging analyses for clinical use in the near future.
Balancing family and state care: neither, either or both? The case of Sweden

Old-age care has frequently been conceptualised as being either family-based or publicly-provided. This article analyses the overlap in provision from the two sources and their relationship in the Swedish welfare state. Many older people and their carers rely on both sources of help rather than on just one, and prefer to do so. The empirical evidence on patterns of care in Sweden supports a joint family-state conceptualisation of care. Its realisation may depend on general coverage rates of public services and the efficient targeting of frail elderly people who live alone. Most older people in need of care rely on help only from their family, but many are helped by both the family and the state, particularly those with the greatest needs. Dynamic concepts like ‘substitution’ and ‘complementarity’ are hard to apply in cross-sectional studies: there may be complementarity in individual cases but long-term substitution or its reversal in successive cohorts. Yet again, both sources of care may increase simultaneously in individual cases. The need for care varies considerably among Swedish municipalities, with implications for the levels of both public services and family support. High coverage rates of the public services may facilitate and support family care.
Internal Migration in Canada. Demographic Analyses

trends, on concentration in urban and metropolitan areas and on economic aspects. For the most part, George's analysis begins with 1931. It is based mainly on statistics of province of birth and of change of residence between 1956 and 1961. The eight chapters deal, respectively, with introductory matters; definitions and evaluation of basic data; estimation of internal migration; population growth and redistribution; levels and trends in migration; migration streams; migration differentials by age, sex and marital status; and summary and conclusions. The two appendices are devoted to reference tables and to exposition of the place-of-birth survival-ratio method for estimation of intercensal net migration. Canada is fortunate in that it has tabulated data on province of birth since 1931 by age and sex. (The item on the questionnaire goes back to the census of 1901.) Thus George can and does use the relatively powerful methods for analyzing such data that allow for intercensal mortality and treat separately the interprovincial migration of the "in-born" and of the "outborn. " These methods were developed at the University of Pennsylvania by Hope T. Eldridge and Yun Kim. The results
Absence of chx10 causes neural progenitors to persist in the adult retina.

PURPOSE Mutation of the Chx10 homeobox gene in mice and humans causes congenital blindness and microphthalmia (small eyes). This study used Chx10-/- (ocular retardation) mice to investigate how lack of Chx10 affects progenitor/stem cell behavior in the retina and ciliary epithelium (CE). METHODS The distribution of mitotic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) during embryonic development was analyzed using phosphohistone 3 (H3)-labeling. DNA flow cytometry was used to measure DNA content. The distribution and phenotype of dividing cells in the postnatal retina and CE was analyzed by incorporation of the thymidine analogue BrdU and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The Chx10-/- embryonic retina maintained a constantly sized population of mitotic RPCs during development, causing the mitotic index to increase markedly over time compared with the wild type. Also, the proportion of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle was increased compared with the wild type. Of interest, division of RPC-like cells with neurogenic properties persisted in the adult Chx10-/- retina. Colabeling for BrdU and the neural progenitor marker nestin or the neuronal markers beta3-tubulin, syntaxin, and VC1.1 showed that new amacrine-like neurons developed in the adult central retina. By contrast, cells with these characteristics were not observed in the mature wild-type retina. In the mature CE, BrdU-positive cells were observed in both wild-type and Chx10-/- mice. However, neurogenesis from this cell population was not evident. CONCLUSIONS Without Chx10, proliferative expansion of the embryonic RPC pool is markedly reduced. In the adult retina, lack of Chx10 results in a population of dividing neural progenitor cells that persist and produce new neurons in the central retina.
Predictors of Depression: An Attachment Theoretical Approach

Attachment theory emphasises continuity in patterns of social interaction and adjustment facilitated by internal models of self and others. The present study hypothesised that the quality of current peer attachment (representative of internal models) would mediate the impact of early parental bonding on levels of depression. Questionnaire measures of parental bonding, current peer attachment style, and depression were completed by 249 tertiary students. As hypothesised, the degree of comfort with closeness in current peer attachment relationships mediated the impact of early maternal care on levels of depression for both male and female subjects. However, overprotection by the parent of the opposite sex was directly linked to levels of depression. The model explained 30% of the variance in depression for the total sample, 21% for females, and 41% for males. The results indicate that continuity of adaptation is not a simple linear phenomenon and that it is important to consider the quality of current attachment with peers in understanding depression among young adults. Thus, it is important for family counsellors to distinguish between the prescriptive and descriptive elements of attachment theory and research.
School Crisis Management

Purpose: This study aims to analyze a school’s crisis management and explore emerging aspects of its response to a school crisis. Traditional linear modes of analysis often fail to address complex crisis situations. The present study applied a dynamic crisis life cycle model that draws on chaos and complexity theory to a crisis management case, and further imbued the dynamic model with core aspects emerging from the school’s crisis response to understand crisis management. Method and Analysis: The study was conducted at one Midwestern PK-12 school. A combination of case study design to guide data collection in a systemic manner and grounded theory to guide data analysis was administered. Multiple data sources were collected through semistructured interviews, focus group discussion, and review of crisis plan from members of the crisis management team and selected non–team members. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding strategies were employed to allow for emerging themes with which a constant comparative analysis was used to compare against existing theoretical frame. Strategies for enhancing trustworthiness were discussed. Findings: Findings suggest that (a) the dynamic crisis life cycle model is useful in perceiving and addressing the school crisis and its aftereffects but it also has potential constraints in the sequential design and (b) flexibility, collaboration, and self-correcting mechanism emerge as important aspects of crisis response in strengthening existing understanding of crisis management from which a dynamic responsiveness model is developed. Discussion of the findings, implications for research and practice, and limitations of the results are provided.
Effect of Sodium Alginate Addition to Resveratrol on Acute Gouty Arthritis

Objective: Resveratrol has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, while sodium alginate is a common pharmaceutic adjuvant with antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties. We performed an animal study to investigate the effect of sodium alginate addition to resveratrol on acute gouty arthritis. Methods: Twenty-four SPF Wistar mice were randomized to four groups receiving the combination of sodium alginate and resveratrol, resveratrol alone, colchicine, and placebo, respectively. Acute gouty arthritis was induced by injection of 0.05 ml monosodium urate (MSU) solution (25g/mL) into ankle joint cavity. IL-1β, CCR5, and CXCL10 levels in both serum and synovial fluid were measured using ELISA. NLRP3 expression in the synovial tissues was measured using western plot. Results: The combination of sodium alginate and resveratrol significantly reduced synovial levels of IL-1β, CCR5, and CXCL10 when compared with colchicines, and all P values were less than 0.0001. The combination of sodium alginate and resveratrol was also superior to resveratrol in terms of both serum levels and synovial levels of IL-1β, CCR5, and CXCL10. In addition, resveratrol, with or without sodium alginate, could reduce NLRP3 expression obviously in the synovial tissues. Conclusion: The combination of sodium alginate and resveratrol has better effect over colchicines in treating MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis.
Security aspects of OSPF as a MANET routing protocol

This masters thesis deals with the security-related aspects of the OSPF routing protocol for use in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). OSPF, Open Shortest Path First, is an Intra-gateway routing protocol first developed as an IETF effort. It is widely adopted in large enterprise-scale networks, being well regarded for its fast convergence and loop-free routing. It is versatile in terms of which interface types it supports, such as point-to-point links or broadcast networks. It also offers scalability through hierarchical routing and by using centralization to reduce the amount of overhead on networks which have broadcast or broadcast-similar properties. An interface type missing from the standard so far is that of a wireless network, characterized by non-guaranteed bidirectional links combined with unreliable broadcasting, and existing interface types generally perform poorly under these networks. The IETF has therefore instituted a Working Group to standardize such an interface type extension to the latest version, OSPF version 3. This interface type will permit mobility and multi-hop characteristics in addition to those of wireless links in general. Such networks are usually referred to as Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). MANET routing protocols are subject to more severe security issues than ordinary, wirelineoriented protocols are. This thesis aims to assess and evaluate security of OSPF as a MANET routing protocol.
Elementary Science Education in Classrooms and Outdoors: Stakeholder views, gender, ethnicity, and testing

In this article, we present a mixed-methods study of 2 schools’ elementary science programs including outdoor instruction specific to each school's culture. We explore fifth-grade students in measures of science knowledge, environmental attitudes, and outdoor comfort levels including gender and ethnic differences. We further examine students’ science and outdoor views and activity choices along with those of adults (teachers, parents, and principals). Significant differences were found between pre- and posttest measures along with gender and ethnic differences with respect to students’ science knowledge and environmental attitudes. Interview data exposed limitations of outdoor learning at both schools including standardized test pressures, teachers’ views of science instruction, and desultory connections of alternative learning settings to ‘school' science.
Refining targeted therapies in chronic myeloid leukemia: development and application of nilotinib, a step beyond imatinib

The BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate is currently the standard therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite the remarkable results achieved with imatinib for the treatment of CML, the emergence of resistance to this drug has become a significant problem. Mutations within the ABL kinase domain have been identified as the main mechanism of resistance to imatinib. Other mechanisms include genomic amplification of BCR-ABL and modulation of drug efflux or influx transporters. Several strategies have been developed to overcome the problem of imatinib resistance, including dose escalation of imatinib, combination treatments, or novel targeted agents. Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor 30-fold more potent than imatinib, active against a wide range of mutant clones, except T315I. Phase I–II trials of nilotinib showed high activity in imatinib-resistant CML and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We here review the development of nilotinib and the activity of this agent in CML patients and in other forms of sensitive neoplasms.
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS2) Mutation in Dahl/Rapp Rats Decreases Enzyme Stability

The pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension remains poorly defined, but a role for nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested. The Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive rat possesses a defect in NO synthesis that is overcome by supplementation with l-arginine, which increases NO and cGMP production and prevents salt-sensitive hypertension. An S714P mutation of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) was subsequently identified. The current report examined the functional significance of an S714P mutation in NOS2. COS-7 cells were transiently transfected with cDNA of wild-type NOS2 and S714P and S714A mutants of NOS2, and enzyme function was determined. Whereas steady-state mRNA levels did not differ, immunoblot analysis demonstrated decreased levels of NOS2 protein. Metabolic labeling experiments confirmed a reduced half-life of the S714P mutation. Nitrite production, which was dependent on the concentration of l-arginine in the medium, was diminished in cells transfected with the S714P mutant, compared with the wild type and the S714A mutant. These data provide a biochemical explanation of the physiological abnormalities of NOS2 in the Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive rat and suggest that a posttranslational mechanism involving the proteasome may be responsible for the diminished NO production observed in response to increased dietary salt intake in these animals.
A ‘system of light before being a figure of stone’: The phantasmagoric prison

This article explores the uncanny interplay between folk and official readings of Victorian prison architecture. From building designs to cinematic depictions, the visual underpins any understanding of the prison. Using Bakhtin’s notion of heteroglossia, it will be shown how the visual elements of prison buildings, both physical and cinematic, obscure a ‘programmatic organisation of space’. As such, the prison is akin to a ‘phantasmagoria’. Both have visual elements that embrace and encourage an imaginative response, but that also mask a rational core. The term ‘Gothic(k)’ is developed here to describe those elements of the prison that constitute its ‘place-myth’. The prison no longer requires a physical apparatus to project its message or consolidate this place-myth. By drawing upon the Gothic(k) readings of the prison and the analogy of the phantasmagoria, we see how the prison has been fully rendered as a ‘system of light’.
Layoffs and violence revisited

Extension of frustration-aggression theory suggests both the “provocation hypothesis” (laid-off workers are at elevated risk of psychogenic violence) and the “inhibition hypothesis” (workers who fear job loss will be at reduced risk of such violence). Previous research found that both hypotheses were supported with data indexing layoffs and the incidence of civil commitment for danger to others in San Francisco County, California, for the 52 weeks beginning August 1, 1993. Whether those results generalize to other times and places has not been determined. We elaborated the theory and replicated the test in San Francisco for the 149 weeks beginning August 1, 1994, and ending June 7, 1997. We also replicated the test using data from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, for the 111 weeks beginning January 1, 1996, and ending February 28, 1998. The original results from San Francisco County are replicated for men in both communities. The results for women are replicated for the new and more extended period in San Francisco County but not in Allegheny County. Scientific and social policy reasons for continued study of economic conditions on aggressive behavior are discussed.Aggr. Behav. 28:233–247, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.