Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disciplines of Inquiry in Education: An Overview

Few works in the English language are as rich as Shakespeare's Hamlet. One phrase is of particular interest . Hamlet is in deep grief and despair over the recent death of his father, King of Denmark. In his melancholy he has been acting rather strangely and many have called him mad. Yet, Polonius observes of H a m l e t , "Though th i s be madness , yet there is method in it. " What does Shakespeare wish to convey with this phrase? How can the apparent lack of coherence or sanity of Hamlet ' s behavior be c h a r a c t e r i z e d by me thod? To assert that something has method is to claim that there is an order, a regularity, obscure though it may be, which underlies an apparent d i s o r d e r , t h u s r e n d e r i n g i t meaningful. Method is the attribute which distinguishes research activity from mere observation and speculation. When adversaries argue about the nature of the world or the best approach to some particular human endeavor, we typically find ourselves evaluating their respective claims through examining the methods they used to reach their conclusions. There are few subjects tha t generate as much passion among scientists as arguments over method. This is not surpr is ing , since scholars who agree on matters of method can
The Cognitive‐Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAQ): A factor analysis

Current evidence indicates that anxiety responses may be multifaceted. To assess separately cognitive and somatic components of trait anxiety, Schwartz et al. (1978) devised the CSAQ, but provided no psychometric evidence that the CSAQ effectively differentiates between such dimensions. To explore the CSAQ's dimensional structure, responses from 100 subjects were factor analysed. Oblique rotation yielded a predominantly somatic, an exclusively cognitive and a minor somatic factor. Specification of two factors for rotation yielded an oblique pattern corresponding predominantly with the somatic and exclusively with most of the cognitive items of the CSAQ. These results are consistent with the Schwartz et al. multiprocess model.
RNA-RNA hybridization identifies a human rotavirus that is genetically related to feline rotavirus

A human rotavirus AU228 strain which resembled the AU-1 strain (O. Nakagomi, T. Nakagomi, Y. Hoshino, J. Flores, and A. Z. Kapikian, J. Clin. Microbiol. 25:1159-1164, 1987) in its novel characteristics (that it belonged to subgroup I yet possessed a long RNA pattern) was compared with various human and animal strains by RNA-RNA hybridization in solution. This strain showed a high degree of homology with the AU-1 strain but not with either the Wa (subgroup II, long pattern) or the KUN (subgroup I, short pattern) strain, indicating the presence of an additional group of human rotaviruses that do not belong to either of the two human rotavirus families previously identified by RNA-RNA hybridization. It is of particular interest that the AU228 strain showed an unexpectedly high degree of homology with a feline rotavirus isolated recently in Japan. These results indicate transmission of a feline rotavirus to humans and suggest a role of animal rotaviruses in the evolution of human rotaviruses.
Robust fault estimation of uncertain systems using an LMI‐based approach

General recent techniques in fault detection and isolation (FDI) are based on H∞ optimization methods to address the issue of robustness in the presence of disturbances, uncertainties and modeling errors. Recently developed linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization methods are currently used to design controllers and filters, which present several advantages over the Riccati equation‐based design methods. This article presents an LMI formulation to design full‐order and reduced‐order robust H∞ FDI filters to estimate the faulty input signals in the presence of uncertainty and model errors. Several cases are examined for nominal and uncertain plants, which consider a weight function for the disturbance and a reference model for the faults. The FDI LMI synthesis conditions are obtained based on the bounded real lemma for the nominal case and on a sufficient extension for the uncertain case. The conditions for the existence of a feasible solution form a convex problem for the full‐order filter, which may be solved via recently developed LMI optimization techniques. For the reduced‐order FDI filter, the inequalities include a non‐convex constraint, and an alternating projections method is presented to address this case. The examples presented in this paper compare the simulated results of a structural model for the nominal and uncertain cases and show that a degree of conservatism exists in the robust fault estimation; however, more reliable solutions are achieved than the nominal design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChREBP Regulates Itself and Metabolic Genes Implicated in Lipid Accumulation in β–Cell Line

Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is an important transcription factor that regulates a variety of glucose-responsive genes in hepatocytes. To date, only two natural isoforms, Chrebpα and Chrebpβ, have been identified. Although ChREBP is known to be expressed in pancreatic β cells, most of the glucose-responsive genes have never been verified as ChREBP targets in this organ. We aimed to explore the impact of ChREBP expression on regulating genes linked to accumulation of lipid droplets, a typical feature of β-cell glucotoxicity. We assessed gene expression in 832/13 cells overexpressing constitutively active ChREBP (caChREBP), truncated ChREBP with nearly identical amino acid sequence to Chrebpβ, or dominant negative ChREBP (dnChREBP). Among multiple ChREBP-controlled genes, ChREBP was sufficient and necessary for regulation of Eno1, Pklr, Mdh1, Me1, Pdha1, Acly, Acaca, Fasn, Elovl6, Gpd1, Cpt1a, Rgs16, Mid1ip1,Txnip, and Chrebpβ. Expression of Chrebpα and Srebp1c were not changed by caChREBP or dnChREBP. We identified functional ChREBP binding sequences that were located on the promoters of Chrebpβ and Rgs16. We also showed that Rgs16 overexpression lead to increased considerable amounts of lipids in 832/13 cells. This phenotype was accompanied by reduction of Cpt1a expression and slight induction of Fasn and Pklr gene in these cells. In summary, we conclude that Chrebpβ modulates its own expression, not that of Chrebpα; it also regulates the expression of several metabolic genes in β-cells without affecting SREBP-1c dependent regulation. We also demonstrate that Rgs16 is one of the ChREBP-controlled genes that potentiate accumulation of lipid droplets in β-cells.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Retrospective Analysis in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy

Nausea and vomiting are important complications after craniotomy, for which there are little published epidemiologic data. We retrospectively examined the incidence of postcraniotomy nausea and vomiting to define risk factors. Medical records from 199 adults undergoing elective craniotomy were identified. Data extracted from surgery and the initial 48 hours postoperatively included gender, age, supratentorial versus infratentorial craniotomy, type of anesthesia (general versus monitored anesthesia care), intraoperative fentanyl dose, duration of anesthesia, antiemetic administration intraoperatively and postoperatively, and incidence of postoperative nausea, emesis, and opioid use. Postoperative nausea was recorded in 99 patients (50%) and emesis in 78 patients (39%). Postoperative opioids were administered to 170 patients (85%). Antiemetics were given intraoperatively to 13 patients (7%) and postoperatively to 121 patients (61%). More women (61%) than men (37%) had nausea (P = 0.001); emesis (women = 46%; men = 31%, P = 0.03); and postoperative antiemetic use (women = 69%; men = 51%, P = 0.013). The incidence of postoperative nausea (P = 0.04) and vomiting (P = 0.06) was greater in patients having infratentorial surgery. Emesis was more frequent in younger patients (P = 0.03). Postoperative nausea and vomiting were independent of anesthetic duration, fentanyl dose, or postoperative opioid use and occurred with similar frequency after general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care. We conclude that postoperative nausea and vomiting occur frequently after craniotomy. Infratentorial surgery, female gender, and younger age are significant risk factors for this complication.
Book burning and race relations: Political mobilisation of Bradford Muslims

Abstract The international and national campaign against The Satanic Verses interacted with local discontent resulting in the ‘Bradford auto‐da‐fe’. The analysis disaggregates the two aspects of the controversy — the Iranian intervention; and opposition from Bradford Muslims. Salman Rushdie's freedom is dependant on the possible improvement of Britain's and the West's relations with Iran. However the militancy of young Pakistanis in Bradford has to be explained in part by the structural experiences which they underwent in the 1980s. It is only by coming to grips with the specificity of the race discourse that it becomes understandable why tension continued after the Rushdie affair had died down elsewhere in the world.
Non-parametric Hidden Conditional Random Fields for action classification

Conditional Random Fields (CRF), a structured prediction method, combines probabilistic graphical models and discriminative classification techniques in order to predict class labels in sequence recognition problems. Its extension the Hidden Conditional Random Fields (HCRF) uses hidden state variables in order to capture intermediate structures. The number of hidden states in an HCRF must be specified a priori. This number is often not known in advance. A non-parametric extension to the HCRF, with the number of hidden states automatically inferred from data, is proposed here. This is a significant advantage over the classical HCRF since it avoids ad hoc model selection procedures. Further, the training and inference procedure is fully Bayesian eliminating the over fitting problem associated with frequentist methods. In particular, our construction is based on scale mixtures of Gaussians as priors over the HCRF parameters and makes use of Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) and Laplace distribution. The proposed inference procedure uses elliptical slice sampling, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, in order to sample optimal and sparse posterior HCRF parameters. The above technique is applied for classifying human actions that occur in depth image sequences - a challenging computer vision problem. Experiments with real world video datasets confirm the efficacy of our classification approach.
Racism as a Cause of Depression

Racism is not just an added stress to individuals of minority ethnic groups (identified as racial groups) but is a pathogen which generates depression. In analysing this within a social model of depression indicating a few ways in which racism subtly - and not so subtly - affects self esteem, causes losses in a psychological sense, and promotes a sense of helplessness (Table 2) I have indicated ways in which this perspective should influence treatment. A more complex scheme summarising the matters raised in this paper are given in Table 3. It should be acknowledged that in depression (as in any other psychiatric illness), the patient is implicated in the genesis of the condition one way or another, but the emphasis given in this paper to a "victim" approach is deliberate and necessary. In dealing with depression among people who are victims of social condition be it racism or the unemployment it is all too easy to see the individual as the problem. We then see solutions merely in terms of changing or treating the individual and really get into quite a mess. For example the author was recently talking to a G.P. about a man who had become depressed because of unemployment. The G.P. wanted to give him an antidepressant. Yes X is "good for unemployment" he was told. He did not see the joke. The emphasis had already shifted. Even if we recognise the effects of racism in causing identity crises, low self esteem or a sense of helplessness, we must of course help the individual but we must keep reminding ourselves that the problem is not really the low self esteem or whatever, but the racism. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Network Coding for Cooperative MIMO Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

In this paper, we apply nonbinary network coding to a multiple access cooperative vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where the vehicles have independent information to transmit to a common destination. We consider that all the users in the network are provided with multiple antennas (MIMO), so that the benefits of both space-time codes and cooperative communication are used to increase the network diversity order and consequently provide more reliable communication. A Nakagami-m fading model is considered, aiming to evaluate the reliability of the proposed scheme mainly in scenarios where the channel condition is critical (sub-Rayleigh scenario with m <; 1). The network outage probability is obtained analytically, and confirmed by numerical results.
A unitary model of schizophrenia: Bleuler's "fragmented phrene" as schizencephaly.

inding a unifying concept behind the diversity of signs and symptoms in schizophrenia is a central challenge to contemporary research. A neo-Bleulerian unitary model is described, which defines the illness as a neurodevelopmentally derived "misconnection syndrome," involving connections between cortical regions and the cerebellum mediated through the thalamus (the cortico-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit [CCTCC]). An abnormality in this circuitry, normally used to coordinate both motor and mental activity, leads to misconnections in many aspects of mental activity, or "cognitive dysmetria. " As Bleuler originally proposed, "thought disorder" is the primary defining feature of schizophrenia, rather than the more obvious signs and symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Cognitive dysmetria, or a disorder in the CCTCC, may provide a heuristic theoretical framework for strategies to explore etiology, pathophysiology, intervention, or prevention.
Reliability and Validity of Teacher Diagnostic Ratings for Children with Behavioral and Emotional Disorders

This study documents the interrater reliability and construct validity of rating scale observations by teachers of 69 students in special public school classrooms for children with serious behavioral/emotional problems (SED group). These certified teachers and their aides completed the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Ratings were obtained simultaneously from certified teachers and aides for 76 children in learning disability classrooms (LD group). Interrater reliability indicated similar patterns of significant agreement for both groups of teachers and aides. Construct validity of SED teacher ratings also was supported; mean factor and global scores significantly distinguished the more severe disorders of the SED children compared to the LD children. The value of rating scale observations by SED teachers is discussed.
Research Report: Richness Versus Parsimony in Modeling Technology Adoption Decisions - Understanding Merchant Adoption of a Smart Card-Based Payment System

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has received considerable research attention in the IS field over the past decade, placing an emphasis on the roles played by perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness in influencing technology adoption decisions. Meanwhile, alternative sets of antecedents to adoption have received less attention. In this paper, sets of antecedent constructs drawn from both TAM and the Perceived Characteristics of Innovating (PCI) inventory are tested and subsequently compared with one another. The comparison is done in the context of a large-scale market trial of a smart card-based electronic payment system being evaluated by a group of retailers and merchants. The PCI set of antecedents explains substantially more variance than does TAM, while also providing managers with more detailed information regarding the antecedents driving technology innovation adoption.
Chinese cultural values and gift‐giving behavior

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a study undertaken to investigate the gift‐giving behavior of consumers in the People's Republic of China (PRC) during the Chinese New Year and the influence exerted by Chinese cultural values on such behavior.Design/methodology/approach – Using a survey among a large sample of people in the city of Tianjin, gift‐giving behavior was measured by the importance accorded to gift‐giving, the amount given, the effort spent on gift selection and brand orientation when selecting gifts. The cultural values examined were renqing (human obligations), guanxi (relationship), yuan (destiny or fate), reciprocity, family orientation and Mianzi (face). Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.Findings – Results indicated that Chinese cultural values as a whole as well as most of its components investigated in this research had positive effects on the various gift‐giving behaviors. The “face” component was, however, found.
Feeling Misidentified: The Consequences of Internal Identity Asymmetries for Individuals at Work

At work, individuals have an enduring interest in how others perceive them and a fundamental desire for others to affirm and verify their salient work-related identities. Internal identity asymmetry is experienced when individuals feel misidentified—when they believe their colleagues do not recognize their work-related identities. Linking the identity, self-verification, and impression management literature, we define and unpack the experience of internal identity asymmetry in the workplace. We incorporate theories of cognitive appraisal to delineate three moderating characteristics that differentiate asymmetries (importance, mutability, and valence) and together determine an individual's proximal coping response and subsequent outcomes of the asymmetry. In doing so we suggest that internal identity asymmetry may be a positive or a negative experience for individuals and their interpersonal relationships at work.
Musical Intelligence and the Benefits )f Music Education

mericans joke about their weaknesses and poke fun at their incom~~~ petence. The inability to assemble toys, physical and mechanical A clumsiness, inability to balance a checkbook, a tendency toward &dquo;nerdiness,&dquo; and obvious incompetence at carrying a tune are socially acceptable personal failures. That we each have strengths and weaknesses across a wide variety of tasks is accepted, with the unspoken hope that improvement is possible with the right coach or teacher and sufficient time to practice. These abilities, while believed by some to be God-given talents and by others to be accomplishments are to Howard Gardner related to seven fundamental intelligences (linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, bodily-kinesthetic, and spatial). The use of the term &dquo;intelligences&dquo; indicates certain defining similarities. Intelligences are evident through:
Intra-provincial inequality in financing compulsory education in China: exploring the role of provincial leaders (1994–2001)

Elitism argues that the values and experiences of the political elite shape policy, while institutionalism contends that an individual's behaviour is constrained by institutional settings. This article shows that both perspectives work well overall, while offering persuasive arguments, but the former is dominated by the latter. This explains the reluctance of leaders to equalize education if doing so means sacrificing their future promotion. Although provincial leaders have substantial influence on education equalization, such influence is the consequence of the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) personnel regulations. Two distinct patterns are revealed: whereas governors, being more promotable, are more likely to be significantly constrained by the “promotion rule”, party secretaries, as more terminal officials, are more likely to be restricted by the “rule of retirement”. A heteroskedastic linear model that takes into account the influence of the speed of a leader's promotion on the variance of their behaviour shows that the “faster runners” – those who are more quickly promoted – in a hierarchy are also the faster learners in their institutions and their behaviour regarding education equalization is more convergent.
Preserving local spatial information in image similarity using tensor aggregation of local features

In this paper, we propose an aggregation scheme of local descriptors that preserves local spatial information. Our method is based on the binary product of similarities of nearby matching pairs of descriptors. The similarities are linearized using a tensor framework. We show our approach can be used with any local descriptors, handcrafted like SIFT, or learned like the outputs of convolutional layers in deep neural networks. We perform experiments on the Holidays dataset that show the soundness of the approach.
Improvement of a Woman’s Alcohol-Related Dementia via Off-label Memantine Treatment

Objective: To report a case of long-term treatment of moderate alcohol-related dementia (ARD) with memantine. Case Summary: We present the case of a 48-year-old German woman with a long history of alcohol dependence and cognitive impairments, who was diagnosed with moderate ARD (according to ICD-10 criteria) after having ruled out other dementias. Her cognitive functioning improved with off-label use of memantine (up to 20 mg/d) under abstinent conditions. Discontinuation and reinstitution of memantine were associated with a worsening and an improving of her cognitive performance, respectively, which was documented in neuropsychiatric tests. The patient had 2 alcohol relapses during this study. Only the first relapse was associated with discontinuation of memantine and cognitive deterioration. The second relapse happened during receiving of memantine and was not associated with a decline in cognitive functioning. After 16 months of treatment, moderate ARD had been improved to the grade of an amnestic mild cognitive impairment (according to DemTect) and to mild dementia (according to Clinical Dementia Rating Scale), respectively. Discussion: The on-off-on pattern of the memantine treatment supports the assumption that this antidementia agent played a key role in the improvement of ARD. An alcohol relapse did not attenuate the improvement of cognition with memantine. Conclusion: The use of memantine improved cognitive functioning of a female patient with ARD.