Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative contribution of direct and indirect allorecognition in developing tolerance after liver transplantation

The interaction of donor passenger leukocytes and host leukocytes in recipient secondary lymphoid tissues during the early posttransplantation period is crucial in directing host immune reactions toward allograft rejection or acceptance. Responsible T cell clones could be activated through the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition. We examined the role of the indirect pathway in liver transplantation (LT) tolerance by depleting host antigen‐presenting cells (APC) with phagocytic activity [e.g., cluster domain (CD)68+/CD163+ macrophages, CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC)] using liposome‐encapsulating clodronate (LP‐CL). After Lewis rat cell or liver graft transplantation, Brown Norway (BN) rat recipients pretreated with LP‐CL showed a significantly reduced type 1 helper T cell cytokine up‐regulation than control‐LP‐treated recipients. In the LT model, LP‐CL treatment and host APC depletion abrogated hepatic tolerance; Lewis liver grafts in LP‐CL‐treated‐BN recipients developed mild allograft rejection, failed to maintain donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ leukocytes, and developed chronic rejection in challenged donor heart allografts, while control‐LP‐treated BN recipients maintained tolerance status and donor MHC class II+ hepatic leukocytes. Furthermore, in the BN to Lewis LT model, LP‐CL recipient treatment abrogated spontaneous hepatic allograft acceptance, and graft survival rate was reduced to 43% from 100% in the control‐LP group. In conclusion, the study suggests that host cells with phagocytic activity could play significant roles in developing LT tolerance. Liver Transpl 14:346–357, 2008. © 2008 AASLD.
Working and Learning: The Role of Involvement for Employed Students

Using a national sample of 3,774 undergraduates, thisstudy investigated the effect of involvement in the collegeexperience on learning for students who were employed offcampus. Students employed more than 20 hours per weekoff campus engaged with faculty and peers less frequentlythan other students on all variables except discussingideas with others. Students who worked 20 hours or lessreported similar levels of engagement as did their non-working peers. Despite less involvement with faculty andpeers, there were no differences in learning based on off-campus employment.
Subregional Shape Alterations in the Amygdala in Patients with Panic Disorder

Background The amygdala has been known to play a pivotal role in mediating fear-related responses including panic attacks. Given the functionally distinct role of the amygdalar subregions, morphometric measurements of the amygdala may point to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying panic disorder. The current study aimed to determine the global and local morphometric alterations of the amygdala related to panic disorder. Methods Volumetric and surface-based morphometric approach to high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted images was used to examine the structural variations of the amygdala, with respect to extent and location, in 23 patients with panic disorder and 31 matched healthy individuals. Results There were no significant differences in bilateral amygdalar volumes between patients with panic disorder and healthy individuals despite a trend-level right amygdalar volume reduction related to panic disorder (right, β = -0.23, p = 0.09, Cohen's d = 0.51; left, β = -0.18, p = 0.19, Cohen's d = 0.45). Amygdalar subregions were localized into three groups including the superficial, centromedial, and laterobasal groups based on the cytoarchitectonically defined probability map. Surface-based morphometric analysis revealed shape alterations in the laterobasal and centromedial groups of the right amygdala in patients with panic disorder (false discovery rate corrected p < 0.05). Conclusions The current findings suggest that subregion-specific shape alterations in the right amygdala may be involved in the development and maintenance of panic disorder, which may be attributed to the cause or effects of amygdalar hyperactivation.
Is it in the Game? Reconsidering Play Spaces, Game Definitions, Theming, and Sports Videogames

From the very first days of digital gaming, sport-themed videogames have been a constant and ever-popular presence. However, compared with many other genres of games, sports-themed videogames have remained relatively underresearched. Using the case of “sports videogames,” this article advocates a critical and located approach to understanding videogames and gameplay. Unlike many existing theorizations of gameplay, such as the “magic circle,” which theorize play as a break from ordinary life, this article argues for a consideration of play as a continuation of “the control of the established order. ” It argues that many videogames, and in particular sports videogames, can be understood as “themed” spaces which share similarities to other themed locations, such as fast-food restaurants and theme parks. These are “nonplaces” themed to provide a sense of individuality, control, and escape in a society that increasingly offers none.
Modifying the stereochemistry of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by directed evolution

Aldolases have potential as tools for the synthesis of stereochemically complex carbohydrates. Here, we show that directed evolution can be used to alter the stereochemical course of the reaction catalyzed by tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. After three rounds of DNA shuffling and screening, the evolved aldolase showed an 80-fold improvement in kcat/Km toward the non-natural substrate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, resulting in a 100-fold change in stereospecificity. 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to show that, in the synthetic direction, the evolved aldolase catalyzes the formation of carbon—carbon bonds with unnatural diastereoselectivity, where the >99:<1 preference for the formation of tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate was switched to a 4:1 preference for the diastereoisomer, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. This demonstration is of considerable significance to synthetic chemists requiring efficient syntheses of complex stereoisomeric products, such as carbohydrate mimetics.
Woman and Typewriter: Gender, Technology, and Work in Late Weimar Film

Among the new technologies of the industrial age, the typewriter both provided women with access to the labor force and became identified as a gender-specific machine used almost exclusively by women. This essay examines the iconography of the female office worker at the typewriter in two Weimar entertainment films, Arm wie eine Kirchenmaus (Poor as a Church Mouse, 1930) and Die Privatsekretärin (The Private Secretary, 1931), in order to assess how this woman is negotiated as a spectacle and role model for female spectators. Technology, the ethos of work, and consumer culture are the central terms of this negotiation. Although these films highlight the professional success of women at work, they also reinforce traditional gender expectations, such as sex segregation and the return of young females to the domestic sphere of marriage and family life. By contextualizing these films within the Depression years, this paper argues that their conventional conclusions should also be understood as expressing male anxieties over the ongoing economic crisis and competition from working women. (AF)
Oral Thrombus: Report of 122 cases with clinically descriptive data

Background The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency and characterize clinic-pathologic aspects of thrombus occurring as a single lesion or in association with other oral pathologies. Material and Methods 122 cases of thrombus from the oral cavity were retrieved. Information regarding site of the lesion, age, sex and clinical diagnosis or hypothesis and associated lesions were collected from the patients´ records. Results The lesions occurred in a wide age range but the 5th decade was the most prevalent and female patients were more affected. The most frequent site for the lesion was the lip, followed by tongue, buccal mucosa, alveolar ridge, gingiva, floor of the mouth and vestibule. Thirty-five cases were associated with other vascular anomalies or actinic cheilitis. Microscopically, typical thrombus morphology was present. Organized thrombus presented neovascularization and fibroblasts, associated with hemorrhagic areas. Conclusions Only 4 cases of oral thrombus have been described in the oral cavity. Given the limited number of cases reported, the importance of a thrombus in the oral cavity is not well established. This study contributes to establishing the profile of patients presenting oral thrombus, a lesion not rare but not well documented. Key words:Oral cavity, phlebothrombosis, thrombosis.
Personality Correlates of the College and University Environment Scales

by an interaction between individual and environment . &dquo; (Pace, 1963, p. 3). The recent studies by Astin (1964a, b), Astin and Holland (1961), Pace (1962), and Stern (1962) reflect attempts to provide measures of objective characteristics of learning environments. The methodologies provided by these investigators have given impetus to a body of research focussed on the interaction between student and environmental characteristics. An assumption underlying this body of research seems to be that student and
The use of topical aqueous suppressants in the prevention of postoperative intraocular pressure elevation following pars plana vitrectomy with long-acting gas tamponade.

PURPOSE To determine if topical aqueous suppressant therapy applied after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade successfully prevents postoperative elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS A prospective, controlled study was performed on patients who met inclusion criteria and underwent PPV with gas tamponade (SF6 18%-20% or C3F8 12%-16%) over a 1-year period. Treatment eyes received topical aqueous suppressants at the end of surgery. Postoperative IOP checks were performed at 4 to 6 hours, 1 day, and 1 week. RESULTS Twenty-one control (C) and 20 treatment (T) eyes met the inclusion criteria. The IOP (in mm Hg) measured at 4 to 6 hours (23.05 [C], 14.73 [T] and 1 day (23.24 [C], 17.28 [T]) postoperatively showed a statistically significant difference between the groups (P = .0038) at 4 to 6 hours, and a trend toward significance (P = .057) at 1 day. Eleven control and 3 treatment eyes had an IOP spike above 25 mm Hg at 4 to 6 hours or 1 day postoperatively (P = .02), and 6 control and 1 treatment eye had a postoperative IOP above 30 mm Hg. A pressure rise above 40 mm Hg was seen in 2 control eyes and no treatment eyes. CONCLUSIONS Use of topical aqueous suppressants following PPV with long-acting gas tamponade is effective in preventing significant postoperative IOP elevation in a majority of cases.
Maternal interpretations of infant intentionality: Changes over the course of infant development

Maternal interpretations of the intentionality of infant behaviour have played a key role in many theoretical accounts of the development of intentionality. However, the assessment of maternal interpretations has generally proceeded in an indirect fashion. The present study sought to assess maternal interpretations in a more direct manner. Sixty primiparous mothers of 4- or 8-month-old infants viewed video clips of unfamiliar infants engaged in social-, object- or non-directed activities and rated the actions for perceived intentionality. Results indicated that mothers of younger infants assigned more intentionality to social behaviours than did mothers of older infants, suggesting that maternal interpretations change over the course of infant development. Explanations for this pattern are explored, including the possibility that mothers become less sensitive to established behaviours or that they use a type of moving threshold to judge infant actions. Future avenues of research are suggested.
What women want: The importance of qualitative approaches in evaluating work with women offenders

In 2004 the Government in England and Wales published a new policy on responding to women who offend. The aims were to reduce women’s involvement in crime and to divert them from prison. The ‘Together Women’ project was funded under this policy initiative to demonstrate how services for women offenders should be provided in the community. The first stage of the associated evaluation included interviews with Together Women’s clients as their feedback was seen as important in helping to develop effective services and as an early indicator of impact. However, the final assessment of impact relies on a quantitative assessment based on project files and criminal records data. The only interviews to be conducted will focus on asking sentencers about whether they use Together Women to divert women from custody. This article draws on interviews conducted with Together Women clients in the project’s development phase to argue that outcome evaluations which rely exclusively or mainly on information in project databases and criminal records may not capture key elements which make an intervention ‘work’. Neglecting service users’ insights may lead to under-estimating resource needs, unrealistic target setting, and the eventual abandonment of promising ideas in favour of the next ‘new’ magic bullet.
Intelligent operating strategy for an internal rubber mixer's Multi-Motor Drive System based on Artificial Neural Network

Multi-Motor Drive Systems (MMDS) consist of multiple motors that act together to fulfill one drive task. They inherently support modular product concepts and offer additional degrees of freedom towards conventional Single-Motor Drive Systems (SMDS) because of their mechanical structure. In order to fully utilize the benefits, resulting from these degrees of freedom, an intelligent operating strategy (IOS) is necessary. This paper presents an approach for an IOS which maximizes the energy efficiency of a MMDS. Optimal torque distributions among the motors and optimal switching states of the MMDS are identified by using optimization techniques. Additionally, machine learning techniques are used in order to establish an autonomously self-learning drive system. Using a MMDS test rig to simulate a production process of an internal rubber mixer as an application example, it is shown, that the proposed IOS increases the energy efficiency of the drive system.
Teachers' Preferences for Academic Intervention Strategies in Mathematics: Implications for Instructional Consultation

Primary school teachers were surveyed to investigate the preferences for three approaches to academic intervention when assisting students experiencing difficulty in mathematics. Sixty-two primary school teachers were presented with descriptions of two students experiencing difficulty on either a basic subtraction skills problem or an application skills problem involving money; For each problem, teachers rated their preferences for three instructional intervention approaches (cognitive, behavioral, and cooperative learning) as recommended by a school consultant. Results indicated significant differences between the more preferred cognitive and cooperative learning approaches and the less preferred behavioral approach, regardless of the problem type. Recognizing teacher preferences can enhance consultative compatibility between consultants and teachers and facilitate collaborative problem solving, particularly when developing academic interventions. Implications for instructional consultation with teachers.
Too Little, Too Late: Prosecutors' Pre-court Preparation of Rape Survivors

Little research has been conducted on the behaviors of prosecuting attorneys and their interactions with rape survivors between charging and court events. Yet this period, during which prosecutors prepare rape survivors for their witness roles, may be crucial for obtaining successful convictions. Using intensive interviews with 32 rape survivors and background interviews with prosecutors, victim witness advocates, and rape crisis workers, I evaluated the nature of directives and information given to rape survivors and the frequency with which directives were conveyed before preliminary hearings and court events. I concluded that prosecutors employ 20 modes of preparation to construct rape survivors as credible victims for judges and jurors. They orient the rape survivor to the scope of the witness role and her place in the interaction with legal actors, direct her to enhance the credibility of her story, and enhance the credibility of her self'presentation. Research showed that prosecutors prepared respondents more thoroughly for trials than for preliminary hearings, but little overall. A large minority of respondents, consequently, reported dissatisfaction with the preparation they received. On the basis of the findings, I call for an extension of Martin and Powell's “politics of victim's needs,” attention to the importance of maintaining a perception of procedural justice among rape survivors, and further research into pre-court preparation.
The Dohsa Method: A Japanese Therapy for Autistic Children.

The Dohsa method is an effective therapeutic method used for children with autism which was developed originally for children with cerebral palsy in Japan. In this article, the author introduces the theoretical background, therapeutic techniques, and effectiveness of this method. Finally, the necessity of the combination of this method with other therapeutic techniques is discussed.
Cortisol has different effects on human memory for emotional and neutral stimuli

Adrenal stress hormones are considered to play a role in memory enhancement of emotionally arousing events. To investigate the effects of cortisol on human emotional memory, subjects were administered hydrocortisone (25 mg) or placebo and presented with either an emotionally arousing or a neutral story. Memory for the story was tested 1 week later. In all memory tests, subjects who viewed the emotional story scored better for the emotionally arousing story parts, indicating that arousal enhances memory. In memory of details, cortisol showed an interaction with story valence but no main effect: cortisol enhanced memory for details of the neutral story version, but impaired memory for details of the emotionally arousing version. We thus confirm a non-linear interaction between cortisol and arousal on memory formation.
Examining The Quality Of The Evidence In Preservice Teacher Portfolios

In this study, the authors examine the quality of the evidence represented in preservice teacher portfolios and the inferences drawn from them. Questions of purpose and representation of teaching in the portfolios are also addressed. The study is based on three teacher education programs in which students develop portfolios in preparation for initial licensure. Program guidelines, portfolios, and other assessment materials were analyzed. Interviews were conducted with students and faculty members; focus groups with students and surveys were also used for this study. What emerges is a pressing concern among teacher educators to rally evidence that the students are "meeting the standards" without much opportunity for meaningful dialogue and debate about education, teaching, and learning. In constructing portfolios, students use evidence and artifacts interchangeably to mean something tangible used to display a particular teaching activity, belief, or skill, and their notions of explanation and reflection are quite problematic.
Galaxy distribution and extreme-value statistics

We consider the conditional galaxy density around each galaxy, and study its fluctuations in the newest samples of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. Over a large range of scales, both the average conditional density and its variance show a non-trivial scaling behavior, which resembles criticality. The density depends, for 10⩽r⩽80 Mpc/h, only weakly (logarithmically) on the system size. Correspondingly, we find that the density fluctuations follow the Gumbel distribution of extreme-value statistics. This distribution is clearly distinguishable from a Gaussian distribution, which would arise for a homogeneous spatial galaxy configuration. We also point out similarities between the galaxy distribution and critical systems of statistical physics.
On-Chip Voltage Down Converter Based on Moderate Inversion for Low- Power VLSI Chips

An on-chip differential-amplifier-based voltage down converter (VDC) is proposed. Employing a reference voltage generator, which operates in moderate inversion region, the architecture of the proposed VDC is simple and can be fabricated by conventional CMOS technology. VDC converts 3.3V to lower voltage so that the internal circuits of VLSI are used. In this paper, 1.8V is used as an experiment vehicle. The output voltage (Vout) of the VDC is stabilized within plusmn3.8mV for load current varying from 0 to 100mA and within plusmn0.75% for plusmn10% variation of external supply voltage. The temperature dependency of Vout is only 0.329mV/degC
Female condom acceptability in urban India: Examining the role of sexual pleasure

This qualitative study examined the acceptability of female condoms in urban India, with a focus on sexual pleasure. We conducted focus group discussions with 50 women and 19 men, as well as a small number of individual interviews with women (n = 3), in Chennai and New Delhi. Perceived benefits of female condoms included protection against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, increased sense of empowerment for women, and simple clean up. The most common drawback was reduced sensation. Participants suggested structural changes to the female condom to ease insertion and use. Consent and privacy were discussed as increasing sexual pleasure. Pleasure should be acknowledged in design and education efforts to increase female condom use.
The Least-Adult Role in Studying Children

Three membership roles adopted by researchers in studying young children are considered: a detached observer, a semiparticipatory and a complete involvement role. The complete involvement role, that of least adult, is discussed as a research role emerging from Mead's philosophy of action. Dilemmas of being “least adult,” including role identification, following the children, understanding children's language, screening out noise, role testing, rapport, and acquiring access rituals are explored.
Cytogenetic and loss of heterozygosity studies in ependymomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas

Cytogenetic and/or loss of heterozygosity studies were performed on 13 ependymomas, 11 pilocytic astrocytomas, and 18 oligodendrogliomas. Loss of chromosome 22 was the most frequent genetic abnormality among the ependymomas. We found no consistent genetic abnormality in pilocytic astrocytomas. The most common genetic abnormality in oligodendrogliomas was loss of a portion of chromosome 19. Each informative oligodendroglioma had loss of alleles mapped to the long arm (q) of chromosome 19. One oligodendroglioma had an apparent homozygous deletion of the D19S8 locus. Our results, when combined with those in the literature, indicate that chromosomes 9, 11, and 22 may harbor genes important for the pathogenesis of ependymomas and that 19q probably harbors a gene important for the pathogenesis of oligodendrogliomas. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.