Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Stage Surgical Treatment of Infected Nonunion of the Distal Tibia

Objective: An infected nonunion of the distal tibia after plating is uncommon, and the traditional methods for its treatment have unique disadvantages (time-consuming and patient discomfort being great). A single-stage surgical technique was developed to improve the outcome in this situation. Design: Retrospective. Setting: University hospital. Patients and Methods: We treated 25 consecutive adult patients with 25 infected nonunions of the distal tibia after plating. The inclusion criteria consisted of infected nonunions of the distal tibia with an intact ankle space and a plate in situ. The surgical technique used with all participants called for the removal of all implants, intra-/extramedullary débridement, and placement of cancellous bone graft and antibiotics (vancomycin and gentamicin) followed by the application of an Ilizarov external fixator. Postoperatively, patients ambulated early with protected weightbearing and performed range-of-motion exercises of the ankle. Results: Twenty-two patients were followed up for at least 2 years (range, 2.0-4.5 years; median, 3.2 years). All infected nonunions healed without recurrence of infection. The median time to union was 4.5 months (range, 3.5-6.0 months). Eighteen cultures had single bacterial flora, whereas five cultures had mixed flora. Two cultures showed no growth of microorganisms. All bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin or gentamicin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (13 of 25) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (seven of 25) were the most commonly detected microorganisms. Patients' ankle function improved with “satisfactory” grades increasing from 0% preoperatively to 86% postoperatively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This single-stage surgical technique had a high success rate with significant reduction in patient discomfort during the course of treatment. However, further revision of the technique may be necessary to ensure high success rates in further series.
Hematopoietic Neoplasias in Horses: Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Leukemia, i.e., the neoplasia of one or more cell lines of the bone marrow, although less common than in other species, it is also reported in horses. Leukemia can be classified according to the affected cells (myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorders), evolution of clinical signs (acute or chronic) and the presence or lack of abnormal cells in peripheral blood (leukemic, subleukemic and aleukemic leukemia). The main myeloproliferative disorders in horses are malignant histiocytosis and myeloid leukemia, the latter being classified as monocytic and myelomonocytic, granulocytic, primary erythrocytosis or polycythemia vera and megakaryocytic leukemia. The most common lymphoproliferative disorders in horses are lymphoid leukemia, plasma cell or multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasia in horses and usually involves lymphoid organs, without leukemia, although bone marrow may be affected after metastasis. Lymphoma could be classified according to the organs involved and four main clinical categories have been established: generalized-multicentric, alimentary-gastrointestinal, mediastinal-thymic-thoracic and cutaneous. The clinical signs, hematological and clinical pathological findings, results of bone marrow aspirates, involvement of other organs, prognosis and treatment, if applicable, are presented for each type of neoplasia. This paper aims to provide a guide for equine practitioners when approaching to clinical cases with suspicion of hematopoietic neoplasia.
Factor structure of PTSD, and relation with gender in trauma survivors from India

Background The factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been extensively studied in Western countries. Some studies have assessed its factor structure in Asia (China, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia), but few have directly assessed the factor structure of PTSD in an Indian adult sample. Furthermore, in a largely patriarchal society in India with strong gender roles, it becomes imperative to assess the association between the factors of PTSD and gender. Objective The purpose of the present study was to assess the factor structure of PTSD in an Indian sample of trauma survivors based on prevailing models of PTSD defined in the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000), and to assess the relation between PTSD factors and gender. Method The sample comprised of 313 participants (55.9% female) from Jammu and Kashmir, India, who had experienced a natural disaster (N=200) or displacement due to cross-border firing (N=113). Results Three existing PTSD models—two four-factor models (Emotional Numbing and Dysphoria), and a five-factor model (Dysphoric Arousal)—were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis with addition of gender as a covariate. The three competing models had similar fit indices although the Dysphoric Arousal model fit significantly better than Emotional Numbing and Dysphoria models. Gender differences were found across the factors of Re-experiencing and Anxious arousal. Conclusions Findings indicate that the Dysphoric Arousal model of PTSD was the best model; albeit the fit indices of all models were fairly similar. Compared to males, females scored higher on factors of Re-experiencing and Anxious arousal. Gender differences found across two factors of PTSD are discussed in light of the social milieu in India.
Executive and attentional contributions to Theory of Mind deficit in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has been associated with attentional and executive problems, but also with socioemotional difficulties possibly associated with deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM). Socioemotional problems in ADHD are associated with more negative prognoses, notably interpersonal, educational problems, and an increased risk of developing other psychiatric disorders that emphasize the need to clarify the nature of their ToM deficits. In this study, we hypothesized that ToM dysfunction in children with ADHD is largely attributable to their attentional and/or executive deficits. Thirty-one children with ADHD (8–12 years, IQ > 85) and 31 typically developing (TD) children were assessed using executive functions (inhibition, planning, and flexibility) and attentional tasks, as well as two advanced ToM tasks (Reading the Mind in the Eyes and Faux Pas) involving different levels of executive control. Children with ADHD performed more poorly than TD children in attentional, executive function, and ToM tasks. Linear regression analyses conducted in the ADHD group indicated that inhibition scores predicted performance on the “Faux Pas” task the best, while attention scores were the best for predicting performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. When controlled for inhibition and attentional variables, ToM performance in children with ADHD was actually similar to TD children. Contrarily, controlling for ToM scores did not normalize performance for inhibition and attentional tasks in children with ADHD. This unidirectional relationship suggests that deficits in the EF and attentional domains are responsible for ToM deficits in ADHD, which therefore may contribute to their socioemotional difficulties.
Agomelatine and its therapeutic potential in the depressed patient

Despite advances in understanding potential disease mechanisms and in developing novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of major depressive disorder, the disease continues to carry an enormous personal, social, and economic burden. Agomelatine represents an important opportunity to advance the treatment of depression. It is a melatonergic (MT1 and MT2) agonist and serotonergic (5HT2C) antagonist. Evidence from animal models of depression, complements emerging clinical data. In a dose range of 25–50 mg daily, agomelatine is an effective antidepressant with a very favorable side-effect profile. In particular, sleep restorative action in the absence of sedation and minimal effect on sexual function suggests that agomelatine represents a worthwhile treatment alternative for patients with major depressive disorder.
Beyond the Leaky Pipeline:Consolidating Understanding and Incorporating New Research: About Women's Science Careers in the UK

This paper draws its evidence from the report Meta-analysis of gender and science research: Country group report UK and Ireland countries (Bennett et al 2010) which used the Gender and Science Database (GSD, www.genderandscience.org) to compile an extensive literature review of the research already undertaken on women’s and men’s careers in science. The paper begins by outlining the nature of horizontal and vertical segregation in the Science Engineering and Technology (SET) sectors in the UK. It then describes Sue Berryman’s model of a ‘pipeline’ to explain women’s career progression in science occupations and academic disciplines (Berryman 1983). The model has provided a focus for different explanations of the barriers and issues faced by women, combining research on gendered stereotypes and labour market practices and processes. The policy responses which the model has prompted are outlined. The final section of the paper discusses the ways in which the model has been expanded through critique and the development of new research areas, such as in the fields of diversity, globalisation and multiple gendered subjectivities which offer promising ways of moving beyond a view of women’s careers in science as single, narrowing and prescribed trajectories.
Decoupled Visually-Guided Reaching in Optic Ataxia: Differences in Motor Control between Canonical and Non-Canonical Orientations in Space

Guiding a limb often involves situations in which the spatial location of the target for gaze and limb movement are not congruent (i.e. have been decoupled). Such decoupled situations involve both the implementation of a cognitive rule (i.e. strategic control) and the online monitoring of the limb position relative to gaze and target (i.e. sensorimotor recalibration). To further understand the neural mechanisms underlying these different types of visuomotor control, we tested patient IG who has bilateral caudal superior parietal lobule (SPL) damage resulting in optic ataxia (OA), and compared her performance with six age-matched controls on a series of center-out reaching tasks. The tasks comprised 1) directing a cursor that had been rotated (180° or 90°) within the same spatial plane as the visual display, or 2) moving the hand along a different spatial plane than the visual display (horizontal or para-sagittal). Importantly, all conditions were performed towards visual targets located along either the horizontal axis (left and right; which can be guided from strategic control) or the diagonal axes (top-left and top-right; which require on-line trajectory elaboration and updating by sensorimotor recalibration). The bilateral OA patient performed much better in decoupled visuomotor control towards the horizontal targets, a canonical situation in which well-categorized allocentric cues could be utilized (i.e. guiding cursor direction perpendicular to computer monitor border). Relative to neurologically intact adults, IG's performance suffered towards diagonal targets, a non-canonical situation in which only less-categorized allocentric cues were available (i.e. guiding cursor direction at an off-axis angle to computer monitor border), and she was therefore required to rely on sensorimotor recalibration of her decoupled limb. We propose that an intact caudal SPL is crucial for any decoupled visuomotor control, particularly when relying on the realignment between vision and proprioception without reliable allocentric cues towards non-canonical orientations in space.
On Statistical Parsing of French with Supervised and Semi-Supervised Strategies

This paper reports results on grammatical induction for French. We investigate how to best train a parser on the French Treebank (Abeille et al., 2003), viewing the task as a trade-off between generaliz-ability and interpretability. We compare, for French, a supervised lexicalized parsing algorithm with a semi-supervised un-lexicalized algorithm (Petrov et al., 2006) along the lines of (Crabbe and Candito, 2008). We report the best results known to us on French statistical parsing, that we obtained with the semi-supervised learning algorithm. The reported experiments can give insights for the task of grammatical learning for a morphologically-rich language, with a relatively limited amount of training data, annotated with a rather flat structure.
Vector form factor of the pion from unitarity and analyticity: a model-independent approach

We study a model-independent parameterization of the vector pion form factor that arises from the constraints of analyticity and unitarity. Our description should be suitable up to sqrt(s) ~ 1.2 GeV and allows a model-independent determination of the mass of the rho(770) resonance, M(rho) = (775.1 +- 0.5) MeV. We analyse the experimental data on tau(-) -> pion(-) pion(0) neutrino(tau), in this framework, and its consequences on the low-energy observables worked out by chiral perturbation theory. An evaluation of the two-pion contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, a_muon, and to the fine structure constant, alpha(M(Z)^2), is also performed.
Effects of rehabilitation on quality of life in patients with chronic stroke

Primary objective: To evaluate the effects of rehabilitation on disability and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic stroke. Research design: This is an observational, prospective and multidimensional study. Methods and procedures: Sixty-six consecutive inpatients were enrolled. A rehabilitation programme of 2 months consisting of six exercise periods per week was performed. An impairment of cognitive function was the exclusion criteria for patient enrolment. Main outcomes and results: European Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, Modified Rankin Scale, Deambulation Index and SF-36 were performed both before and after rehabilitation. A short-term follow-up (2 months after discharge) was performed by phone administration of SF-36. Significant improvement in clinical and disability measurements was observed after rehabilitation. For QoL, a significant improvement was observed both in physical function and in social function immediately after rehabilitation. At follow-up the social function improvement was maintained, while physical function improvement was lost. Conclusions: The data show that rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke lessens disability and improves physical and social function and that repeated cycles of treatment are needed to maintain the level of improvement reached.
Differential miRNA expression in inherently high- and low-active inbred mice

Despite established health benefits of regular exercise, the majority of Americans do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity. While it is known that voluntary activity levels are largely heritable, the genetic mechanisms that regulate activity are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that inhibit transcription by binding to a target gene, inhibiting protein production. The purpose of this study was to investigate differential miRNA expression between inherently high‐ (C57L/J) and low‐ (C3H/HeJ) active inbred mice in soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and nucleus accumbens tissues. Expression was initially determined by miRNA microarray analysis, and selected miRNAs were validated by qRT‐PCR. Expression of 13 miRNAs varied between strains in the nucleus accumbens, 20 in soleus, and eight in EDL, by microarray analysis. Two miRNAs were validated by qRT‐PCR in the nucleus accumbens; miR‐466 was downregulated (~4 fold; P < 0.0004), and miR‐342‐5p was upregulated (~115 fold; P < 0.0001) in high‐active mice. MiR‐466 was downregulated (~5 fold; P < 0.0001) in the soleus of high‐active mice as well. Interestingly, miR‐466 is one of several miRNA families with sequence located in intron 10 of Sfmbt2; miRNAs at this locus are thought to drive imprinting of this gene. “Pathways in cancer” and “TGFβ signaling” were the most significant pathways of putative target genes in both the soleus and nucleus accumbens. Our results are the first to consider differential miRNA expression between high‐ and low‐active mice, and suggest that miRNAs may play a role in regulation of physical activity.
Effects of Temporal Modulation on Crowding, Visual Span, and Reading

Purpose Crowding, the increased difficulty in recognizing a target due to the proximity of adjacent objects, is identified as the main sensory constraint for the size of the visual span (the number of letters recognized without moving the eyes) and reading speed in peripheral vision. The goal of the present study is to assess the impact of temporal modulation on crowding, visual span, and reading in the periphery. Methods Six normally sighted young adults participated in the study. Four temporal modulation patterns were examined: (1) moving scotoma (sequentially masking the component letters in a letter string or word), (2) moving window (sequentially presenting the component letters), (3) flashing (repeatedly masking and presenting all letters simultaneously), and (4) static (the control condition; no temporal changes during the presentation). For each condition, we obtained the spatial extent of crowding, the size of the visual span, and reading speeds measured by the rapid serial visual presentation method. Results Compared with the static condition, the spatial extent of crowding was reduced in the moving window condition. Both the moving window and moving scotoma conditions led to a faster reading speed for print sizes smaller than critical print size (the smallest print size that allows maximum reading speed). However, none of the temporal modulations increased the size of the visual span and reading speed for print sizes larger than critical print size. Conclusions The results suggest that the temporal modulation patterns are of limited benefit for peripheral reading despite the substantial improvement for slow reading when print size is close to acuity threshold.
Suppletion: Frequency, categories and distribution of stems

Suppletion is where the word-forms of the same lexeme have phonologically distinct stems. A study of thirty languages shows it to be surprisingly widespread, suggesting resistance to the pressure of paradigmatic levelling. While a major factor in its preservation appears to be the high frequency of the items that display it, two other factors are in operation, the type of inflectional category involved and the nature of the distribution of stems.
Saúde mental nos cursos de graduação: interfaces com as diretrizes curriculares nacionais e a reforma psiquiátrica

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de saude orientam a formacao para as necessidades sociais de saude e para o Sistema Unico de Saude. Na saude mental adotou-se o modelo da Reforma Psiquiatrica, baseado na atencao biopsicossocial e em uma rede de servicos abertos e comunitarios. Este artigo buscou descrever o tema da saude mental na formacao dos profissionais a partir dos cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina, Psicologia e Terapia Ocupacional em duas universidades de Goiânia-GO. As fontes de dados foram: matriz curricular dos cursos, programas de disciplinas de saude mental e questionarios com os docentes da area. Pela caracterizacao do tema nos curriculos, cenarios de pratica, metodos de ensino e conteudos adotados observou-se que no contexto das disciplinas ha uma incipiente, mas importante, aproximacao com s principios da Reforma Psiquiatrica e das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais com a coexistencia de mensagens dos modelos biomedico e biopsicossocial, com enfase no primeiro.
Optimizing human hepatocyte models for metabolic phenotype and function: effects of treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

Primary human hepatocytes are considered to be the “gold standard” cellular model for studying hepatic fatty acid and glucose metabolism; however, they come with limitations. Although the HepG2 cell line retains many of the primary hepatocyte metabolic functions they have a malignant origin and low rates of triglyceride secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dimethyl sulfoxide supplementation in the media of HepG2 cells would enhance metabolic functionality leading to the development of an improved in vitro cell model that closely recapitulates primary human hepatocyte metabolism. HepG2 cells were cultured in media containing 1% dimethyl sulfoxide for 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days. Gene expression, protein levels, intracellular triglyceride, and media concentrations of triglyceride, urea, and 3‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations were measured. Dimethyl sulfoxide treatment altered the expression of genes involved in lipid (FAS, ACC1, ACC2, DGAT1, DGAT2, SCD) and glucose (PEPCK, G6Pase) metabolism as well as liver functionality (albumin, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, AFP). mRNA changes were paralleled by alterations at the protein level. DMSO treatment decreased intracellular triglyceride content and lactate production and increased triglyceride and 3‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the media in a time‐dependent manner. We have demonstrated that the addition of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide to culture media changes the metabolic phenotype of HepG2 cells toward a more primary human hepatocyte phenotype. This will enhance the currently available in vitro model systems for the study of hepatocyte biology related to pathological processes that contribute to disease and their response to specific therapeutic interventions.
Adult day-case renal biopsy: a single-centre experience.

BACKGROUND Despite improvements in safety seen over the last 20 years, percutaneous renal biopsy is still associated with haemorrhagic complications. Due to concerns over delayed bleeding, most nephrologists would advocate overnight observation. Recent evidence in both adult and paediatric populations suggest that in some groups, this is unnecessary. Since 1991, we have provided a day-case renal biopsy service performing 70 such procedures per year. In this study, we present a retrospective analysis of this practice. METHODS A total of 192 patients over a consecutive 3-year period were analysed retrospectively. Patients were selected according to standardized criteria, and biopsy was performed using a modern technique (automated biopsy needles under ultrasound guidance). Complications were identified by examination of case notes and local hospital admission databases, and by telephone interview. Our pathology database was examined for sample adequacy and diagnosis. RESULTS There were no delayed complications in the study group with 187 patients (97.4%) being discharged home on the same day. Major complications occurred in five patients (2.6%), all related to bleeding. Of these, two needed radiological intervention to achieve haemostasis. Sufficient tissue for diagnosis was achieved in 97% of cases, with a mean of 47 ± 23 glomeruli obtained per patient. Most biopsies were obtained with ≤ 2 passes (84%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that in selected adult patients, renal biopsy can be performed as a day-case procedure. Given the benefits of day-case strategies in terms of patient and healthcare costs, we advocate increased utilization of this technique.
Diabetes and Cancer

Since the history of medicine,Diabetes Mellitus(DM) is known to be complicated by diseases of heart, kidney, retina, nerve, liver etc. But recently debate have been raised,whether DM has got any relation with cancers or not. DM and cancer both are the common killer of humankind. DM particularly type 2 (T2DM) are at higher risk of developing some cancers and at lower risk of few.Moreover few antidiabetic agents have shown the potentiality to increase or decrease some cancers.