Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Productivity, health and inequality in the intrahousehold distribution of food in low-income countries

A model is formulated incorporating linkages among nutrition, labor-market productivity, health heterogeneity, and the intrahousehold distribution of food and work activities in a subsistence economy. Empirical results, based on a sample of households from Bangladesh, indicate that, despite considerable intrahousehold disparities in calorie consumption, households are averse to inequality. Furthermore, consistent with the model, the results also indicate that both the higher level and greater variance in the calories consumed by men relative to women reflect in part the greater participation by men in activities in which productivity is sensitive to health status. Copyright 1990 by American Economic Association.
Turbid Output Representations and the Unity of Opacity

As proposed in Prince & Smolensky (1993), the grammatical mechanisms of Optimality Theory (OT) are output-based. For example, the constraint component CON consists of two types of constraints that adhere to this strategy of explanation. Faithfulness constraints evaluate the equality of the input and the output only; they do not consider failed candidates or morphologically related forms. Structural Harmony constraints evaluate the structural well-formedness of the output only; they do not consider the presence or absence of structure in the input. Similarly, the evaluation component EVAL decides the relative harmony of all candidates in one optimization; it does not allow for intermediate forms between the input and output. Problematic for this approach is the existence of opacity effects (Kiparsky, 1971, et. seq.), which involve the violation of faithfulness unmotivated by surface structural harmony. These effects are inexplicable in the proposed grammar: all unfaithful mappings must be surface motivated. Such effects were easily explained in derivational frameworks by the utilization of intermediate representations. Rules could apply at these intermediate representations, altering underlying structure; later derivational stages were free to eliminate the structures that triggered these rules. This type of explanation is not available to us in the proposed grammar; by hypothesis, there are no intermediate representations.
A framework for the design of manufacturing strategy processes

Proposes a framework for considering the factors relevant to the design of manufacturing strategy processes. The framework is built from manufacturing and business strategy literature through a review which positions popular strategies like Cellular manufacturing, TQM and JIT within more traditional manufacturing strategy frameworks and includes aspects of strategy that have been rarely mentioned in the manufacturing strategy literature. Thus competence, capability, culture and alternative strategy process modes are incorporated and throughout the review potential influences on the design of the strategy process are identified. Finally the framework′s ability to assist the design of a manufacturing strategy process is tested and the dependence of key process elements like the procedure and tools used are shown to be contingent on, for example, the outputs required from the process and the content areas under development.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Biofilm Forming Capabilities in Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains

The biofilm life style helps bacteria resist oxidative stress, desiccation, antibiotic treatment, and starvation. Biofilm formation involves a complex regulatory gene network controlled by various environmental signals. It was previously shown that prophage insertions in mlrA and heterogeneous mutations in rpoS constituted major obstacles limiting biofilm formation and the expression of extracellular curli fibers in strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7. The purpose of this study was to test strains from other important serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (O26, O45, O103, O111, O113, O121, and O145) for similar regulatory restrictions. In a small but diverse collection of biofilm-forming and non-forming strains, mlrA prophage insertions were identified in only 4 of the 19 strains (serotypes O103, O113, and O145). Only the STEC O103 and O113 strains could be complemented by a trans-copy of mlrA to restore curli production and Congo red (CR) dye affinity. RpoS mutations were found in 5 strains (4 serotypes), each with low CR affinity, and the defects were moderately restored by a wild-type copy of rpoS in 2 of the 3 strains attempted. Fourteen strains in this study showed no or weak biofilm formation, of which 9 could be explained by prophage insertions or rpoS mutations. However, each of the remaining five biofilm-deficient strains, as well as the two O145 strains that could not be complemented by mlrA, showed complete or nearly complete lack of motility. This study indicates that mlrA prophage insertions and rpoS mutations do limit biofilm and curli expression in the non-serotype O157:H7 STEC but prophage insertions may not be as common as in serotype O157:H7 strains. The results also suggest that lack of motility provides a third major factor limiting biofilm formation in the non-O157:H7 STEC. Understanding biofilm regulatory mechanisms will prove beneficial in reducing pathogen survival and enhancing food safety.
Trusted execution environment-based authentication gauge (TEEBAG)

We present a new approach to authentication using Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), by changing the location of authentication from a remote device (e.g. remote authentication server) to user device(s) that are TEE enabled. The authentication takes place locally on the user device and only the outcome is sent back to the remote device. Our approach uses existing features and capabilities of TEEs to enhance the security of user authentication. We reverse the way traditional authentication schemes work: instead of the user presenting their authentication data to a remote device, we request the remote device to send the stored authentication template (s) to the local device. Almost paradoxically, this enhances security of authentication data by supplying it only to a trusted device, and so enabling users to authenticate the intended remote entity. This addresses issues related with bad SSL certificates on local devices, DNS poisoning, and counteracts certain threats posed by the presence of malware. We present a protocol to implement such authentication system discussing its strengths and limitations, before identifying available technologies to implement the architecture.
Neovascularization in Tissue Engineering

A prerequisite for successful tissue engineering is adequate vascularization that would allow tissue engineering constructs to survive and grow. Angiogenic growth factors, alone and in combination, have been used to achieve this, and gene therapy has been used as a tool to enable sustained release of these angiogenic proteins. Cell-based therapy using endothelial cells and their precursors presents an alternative approach to tackling this challenge. These studies have occurred on a background of advancements in scaffold design and assays for assessing neovascularization. Finally, several studies have already attempted to translate research in neovascularization to clinical use in the blossoming field of therapeutic angiogenesis.
Optimality and Robustness of the English Auction

This paper attempts to reconcile the observed popularity of the English auction with the hypothesis that the trading mechanism is chosen with the objective of maximizing the seller's expected revenue. Under the assumptions of Milgrom and Weber's [20] 'general symmetric model,' I show the following three results. First, the 'augumented' English auction, in which the auctioneer sets the reserve price after all but one bidder have dropped out, generates at least as much seller's expected revenue as any ex post incentive-compatible (EPIC) and individually rational (EPIR) direct mechanisms. EPIC and EPIR direct mechanisms correspond to "belief-free" selling procedures. Thus this restriction of the set of feasible selling mechanisms aims at capturing a notion of robustness with respect to pertubations of the buyers' beliefs about their opponents' private information. Second, in the larger set of mechanisms, characterized by the property that 'losers do not pay,' ther! e exist auctions that generate a higher seller's expected revenue than the (augmented) English auction. Third, with two buyers, for a large class of signals' distributions, the augmented English auction maximizes the seller's expected revenue among all selling procedures where the loser does not pay and each buyer's payment is nondecreaseing in his own signal. With private values, these two conditions are satisfied by many equilibria in a class of bidding mechanisms, which includes approximations of both the Dutch auction and the English auction with discrete price increments. With more than two buyers, the English auction is optmal among all ex post efficient mechanisms where the losers do not pay and each buyer's payment is monotone in his signal.
Evaluation of pre‐ and post‐zygotic mating barriers, hybrid fitness and phylogenetic relationship between Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi (Cyprinodontiformes, Teleostei)

The euryhaline fish Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Cvv) is capable of tolerating ambient salinities ranging from 0.3 to 167 g l−1, but incapable of long‐term survival in freshwater (< 2 mM Na+). However, a population of this species, now designated as a subspecies (Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh), has been isolated in several freshwater (0.4–1 mM Na+) lakes in central Florida for the past ~150 ky. We previously demonstrated that Cvh has a significantly higher affinity for Na+ uptake suggesting that it has adapted to its dilute freshwater environment. We here evaluate whether Cvh should be considered a separate species by characterizing pre‐ and post‐zygotic isolation, Na+ transport characteristics of the two populations and their hybrids, and developing a molecular phylogeny of Cvv and Cvh populations in Florida using mtDNA sequence data. We found evidence of partial prezygotic isolation with Cvv females mating almost exclusively (89%) with con‐specific males in choice mating experiments. Partial post‐zygotic isolation was also observed with significant (59–89%) reductions in hatching success of hybrid embryos compared with con‐specific embryos. Na+ uptake kinetics in hybrids (both Cvv x Cvh and Cvh x Cvv) bred and raised under common garden conditions were intermediate to Cvh (high affinity) and Cvv (low affinity) indicating that observed differences are genetically based. Similar observations were made with respect to short‐term (96 h) survival of juveniles acutely transferred from 7 mM Na+ to a range of more dilute (0.1–2 mM Na+) freshwater. Finally, although phylogenetic analysis of Cvv and Cvh populations using mtDNA sequence for ND2 were unable to fully resolve a polytomy between Cvh and Cvv populations from northeastern Florida, these data do not falsify the hypothesis that Cvh is of monophyletic origin. Overall, the available data suggest that Cvh should be considered a separate species or at a minimum an evolutionarily significant unit.
Study of Cubic Julia Sets in

Julia sets are considered one of the most attractive fractals and have wide range of applications in science and engineering. In recent decades, Rani and Kumar [26], introduced the Julia sets in superior orbits with improved escape criterions for the cubic polynomials. Our goal in this paper is to study the Julia sets in Noor orbit for the cubic polynomials 3 z z mz n    . It is interesting to see that few cubic Julia sets are akin to Christmas tree, Sikh Mythological Symbol Khanda and some other decorative pictures.
Truthful revelation in nonmarket valuation

A major criticism of contingent valuation methods relates to their hypothetical nature, where truthful revelation of willingness-to-pay is not secured because of the missing link between stated willingness-to-pay and the respondent's budget constraint. Large deviations between stated willingness-to-pay and actual payments in both field and experimental studies where actual payments were collected lend support to these claims. In its utmost format this lends contingent valuation studies vulnerable to strategic behavior. This paper combines the truthful revelation properties of multi-unit uniform price auctions and the median voter theorem to induce truthful revelation. The intuition is as follows: Let the price in the auction be set by the median bid, and pass this price onto a referendum. The expected net gains of passing the referendum would then be positive, implying that the budget constraint would be introduced in a probabilistic manner.
A Survey of Announcement Effects on Foreign Exchange Volatility and Jumps

This article reviews, evaluates, and links research that studies foreign exchange volatility reaction to macro announcements. Scheduled and unscheduled news typically raises volatility for about an hour and often causes price discontinuities or jumps. News contributes substantially to volatility but other factors contribute even more to periodic volatility. The same types of news that affect returns—payrolls, trade balance, and interest rate shocks—are also the most likely to affect volatility, and U.S. news tends to produce more volatility than foreign news. Recent research has linked news to volatility through the former’s effect on order flow. Empirical research has confirmed the predictions of microstructure theory on how volatility might depend on a number of factors: the precision of the information in the news, the state of the business cycle, and the heterogeneity of traders’ beliefs.
Title Surface segmentation for improved remeshing

Many remeshing techniques sample the input surface in a meaningful way and then triangulate the samples to produce an output triangulated mesh. One class of methods samples in a parametrization of the surface. Another class samples directly on the surface. These latter methods must have sufficient density of samples to achieve outputs that are home-omorphic to the input. In many datasets samples must be very dense even in some nearly planar regions due to small local feature size. We present an isotropic remeshing algorithm called κCVT that achieves topological correctness while sampling sparsely in all flat regions, regardless of local feature size. This is accomplished by segmenting the surface, remeshing the segmented subsurfaces individually and then stitching them back together. We show that κCVT produces quality meshes using fewer triangles than other methods. The output quality meshes are both homeomorphic and geometrically close to the input surface.
Development of Dorzolamide Loaded 6-O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Open Angle Glaucoma

Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and mucoadhesive natural polymer soluble in acidic pH only and can be irritating to the eye. Objective of the study was to synthesize water soluble 6-O-carboxymethyl (OCM-CS) derivative of CS, and to develop CS and OCM-CS nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with dorzolamide hydrochloride (DRZ). CS was reacted with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) for OCM-CS synthesis and was characterized by FT-IR, DSC, and 13C NMR. CS and OCM-CS NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method. Ocular irritation potential were evaluated and therapeutic efficacy was measured by reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive rabbits. Maximum yield was obtained when the ratio of water/isopropyl alcohol was 1/4 at 55°C. The FT-IR, DSC and 13C NMR confirmed the formation of an ether linkage between hydroxyl groups of CS and MCA. The particle size and zeta potential of optimised CSNPs was 250.3 ± 2.62 nm and +33.47 ± 0.723 mV, whereas those for OCM-CSNPs were 187.1 ± 2.72 nm and 30.87 ± 0.86 mV. The entrapment efficiency was significantly improved for OCM-CSNPs, compared to CSNPs. OCM-CSNPs had tailored drug release and improved bioavailability with reduction in pulse entry as compared to CSNPs. Hence, it can be concluded that DRZ loaded OCM-CSNPs would be better alternative option to available eye drops for glaucoma treatment.
Trust as moderator in the relationship between HRM practices and employee attitudes

The study contributes to the debate in the HRM literature by examining the role of trust in management in moderating the effect of HRM practices on employee attitudes. The novelty of the study lies in our interest in assessing this relationship not only on a system of HR practices, but also considering whether the influence varies according to specific ‘bundles’ of practices. Adopting a Structural Equation Modelling approach, we first test the moderation using an HRM index of seven practices on a sample of 9,000 employees from 46 Italian organisations. Then, following the AMO approach, we assess the relationship on three ‘bundles’ of practices, one oriented to increasing ability, another motivation and the third opportunity to participate. Results confirm the moderation with the overall HRM index. Interestingly, the effect varies depending on the HR bundles, being significant only with the motivation practices and not relevant in the other two bundles.
Implications of Public External Debt for Social Spending: A Case Study of Selected Asian Developing Countries

For developing countries with budgetary and balance-of-payments gaps to meet, maintaining large stakes of external debt is not free of cost. Highly indebted countries have to set aside a sizeable fraction of their scarce resources to service their debt, which naturally affects their development spending in general and allocations for the social sector in particular. This study examines the behavior of seven developing Asian countries and analyzes the impact of public external debt on social sector spending. The panel dataset includes Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, the Philippines, and Indonesia, and spans the period 1980–2010. Our empirical analysis is based on three interrelated equations for different spending categories, which are estimated using the general method of moments. The study’s results confirm the common wisdom that outstanding external debt and its servicing liability have an adverse impact on public spending, particularly on social sector spending. This suggests that developing countries need to mobilize their own resources and minimize their dependence on external borrowing as far as possible.
The Relationship between Working Capital Management Components and Profitability: Evidence from Iran

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between working capital management components with firms’ profitability. Our sample includes 98 Iranian firms accepted at Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 6 years from 2008 to 2012.This research is empirical in term of goal and is descriptive in term of methods. Required data are extracted Using the "library" method. Inventory turnover period, receivables collection period, accounts payable period and cash conversion cycle are used as criteria of working capital management and return on equity used as a measure for profitability. In this research, financial ratios are calculated using the software Excel. Eviews software is used to test the hypotheses. Research findings show that there is a significant negative relationship between measures of working capital management and corporate profitability.
The Politics of TESOL Education: Writing, Knowledge, Critical Pedagogy

Introduction: Politicizing MA-TESOL and [pound]2 Teacher Education 1. The Politics of TESOL Thought Collectives 2. The Politics of Local MA-TESOL Programs and Implications for the Larger TC 3. The Politics of Genres and Text Types 4. The Politics of Written Knowledge 5. Politics, Again: Some Practical Ways to Build Meta-Awareness into ([pound]1 and) [pound]2 Teacher Education
The Integration of young people into the labour market within the European Union: the role of institutional settings

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Uncertainties in the solar system r-abundance distribution

The solar system r-abundance distribution is commonly derived from the observed solar values by subtracting the possible nucleosynthetic contribution of the s-process. The new parametric model of the s-process called the canonical multievent model is used to derive the s-component of the solar abundance distribution and to study the impact of nuclear and observational uncertainties on the solar r-abundance distribution.
Discovering the Link Between Uncertainty and Investment - Microeconometric Evidence from Germany

We analyse empirically the effect of uncertainty on the investment decisions of a sample of quoted German firms. The uncertainty measures are constructed by employing two procedures: the conventional formula of standard deviation, and the GARCH methodology. We find that uncertainty exerts a significantly negative effect on investment, i.e. uncertainty slows down capital accumulation. We also find that this negative relationship is closely related to the degree of market power of the firm.
A Framework for Sentiment Analysis in Persian

Sentiment Analysis aims at extracting peoples sentiment, opinion, and appraisal from their comments in social websites. Most research efforts in the area of sentiment analysis have concentrated on English and few works considered the problem of Persian sentiment analysis. Persian is spoken by more than a hundred million speakers around the world and is the official language of Iran, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan. Persian is a challenging language for sentiment analysis and there are few resources and tools available for Persian text processing. Therefore, in the current study we first devise a Persian polarity lexicon which is a list of words associated with their sentiment polarity. Then, we review common challenges of Persian language processing such as misspelling, word spacing, stemming, and use of informal words and propose effective solutions for them. Finally, we assess the performance of the proposed method in classifying the polarity of online cell phone reviews. The results show the superiority of our approach compared to the state-of-the-art supervised machine learning methods. Furthermore, our method is more computationally efficient than existing supervised methods.