Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection Strategies for the Global Threat of Zika Virus: Current State, New Hypotheses, and Limitations

The current scenario regarding the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) has resulted in numerous diagnostic studies, specifically in South America and in locations where there is frequent entry of travelers returning from ZIKV-affected areas, including pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection. The World Health Organization, WHO, announced that millions of cases of ZIKV are likely to occur in the USA in the near future. This situation has created an alarming public health emergency of international concern requiring the detection of this life-threatening viral candidate due to increased cases of newborn microcephaly associated with ZIKV infection. Hence, this review reports possible methods and strategies for the fast and reliable detection of ZIKV with particular emphasis on current updates, knowledge, and new hypotheses that might be helpful for medical professionals in poor and developing countries that urgently need to address this problem. In particular, we emphasize liposome-based biosensors. Although these biosensors are currently among the less popular tools for human disease detection, they have become useful tools for the screening and detection of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses because of their versatile advantageous features compared to other sensing devices. This review summarizes the currently available methods employed for the rapid detection of ZIKV and suggests an innovative approach involving the application of a liposome-based hypothesis for the development of new strategies for ZIKV detection and their use as effective biomedicinal tools.
The Role of Interferon Lambda 3 Genetic Polymorphisms in Response to Interferon Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Context Polymorphisms of the interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) gene have been proposed to be associated with drug-induced clearance of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the role of IFNL3 polymorphisms in the prediction of treatment on chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have yielded controversial results. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of IFNL3 polymorphisms (rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs12980275) in the treatment response of CHB patients to interferon (IFN). Evidence Acquisition EMBASE and PUBMED/MEDLINE were searched to identify relevant studies from January 2009 to March 2015. The search used the keyword “interferon lambda 3” or “IFNL3,” combined with the following terms: “interferon therapy,” “hepatitis,” and “polymorphisms. ” Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations between the polymorphisms and the response to IFN therapy. Results Nine studies of 1602 CHB patients receiving IFN treatment were included. Under the random-effects model, patients expressing the variant rs12980275 showed a significantly increased response to IFN therapy (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.14 - 4.60). In the subgroup analyses by antiviral agents, the patients carrying the rs8099917T allele in the IFN-only treatment group showed a significantly increased response to IFN therapy (OR for the dominant model = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.24 - 3.31), whereas those in the mixed treatment group showed a significantly decreased response (OR for the dominant model = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.10 - 0.90). Conclusions This study supports the idea that the IFNL3 gene is an important predictor of the response of CHB patients to IFN therapy.
Extent of resection of glioblastoma revisited: personalized survival modeling facilitates more accurate survival prediction and supports a maximum-safe-resection approach to surgery.

PURPOSE Approximately 12,000 glioblastomas are diagnosed annually in the United States. The median survival rate for this disease is 12 months, but individual survival rates can vary with patient-specific factors, including extent of surgical resection (EOR). The goal of our investigation is to develop a reliable strategy for personalized survival prediction and for quantifying the relationship between survival, EOR, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used accelerated failure time (AFT) modeling using data from 721 newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma (from 1993 to 2010) to model the factors affecting individualized survival after surgical resection, and we used the model to construct probabilistic, patient-specific tools for survival prediction. We validated this model with independent data from 109 patients from a second institution. RESULTS AFT modeling using age, Karnofsky performance score, EOR, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy produced a continuous, nonlinear, multivariable survival model for glioblastoma. The median personalized predictive error was 4.37 months, representing a more than 20% improvement over current methods. Subsequent model-based calculations yield patient-specific predictions of the incremental effects of EOR and adjuvant therapy on survival. CONCLUSION Nonlinear, multivariable AFT modeling outperforms current methods for estimating individual survival after glioblastoma resection. The model produces personalized survival curves and quantifies the relationship between variables modulating patient-specific survival. This approach provides comprehensive, personalized, probabilistic, and clinically relevant information regarding the anticipated course of disease, the overall prognosis, and the patient-specific influence of EOR and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The continuous, nonlinear relationship identified between expected median survival and EOR argues against a surgical management strategy based on rigid EOR thresholds and instead provides the first explicit evidence supporting a maximum safe resection approach to glioblastoma surgery.
Maternal administration of flecainide to terminate and suppress fetal tachycardia

Fetal echocardiography has allowed fetal arrhythmias to be identified and accurately diagnosed. Because a fetal tachycardia is often detected before an elective delivery is safe considerable interest has focused on treatment by giving drugs to the mother. Digoxin is accepted as the drug of first choice, but no consensus exists on second line drugs. ' 2 We present the first report of giving flecainide to a mother to terminate and suppress a fetal tachycardia.
Benchmarking computers and computer networks

The benchmarking concept is not new in the field of computing or computer networking. With “benchmarking tools”, one usually refers to a program or set of programs, used to evaluate the performance of a solution under certain reference conditions, relative to the performance of another solution. Since the 1970s, benchmarking techniques have been used to measure the performance of computers and computer networks. Benchmarking of applications and virtual machines in an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) context is being researched in a BonFIRE experiment and the benchmarking of wired and wireless computer networks is put forward as a research topic in the research projects CREW and OneLab2. In this paper, we elaborate on the interpretation of the term “benchmarking” in these projects, and answer why research on benchmarking is still relevant today. After presenting a high-level generic benchmarking architecture, the possibilities of benchmarking are illustrated through two examples: benchmarking cloud services and benchmarking cognitive radio solutions.
Johne's disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in red deer (Cervus elaphus): An histopathological grading system, and comparison of paucibacillary and multibacillary disease

Abstract AIM: To describe a grading system for evaluating lesions in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of red deer (Cervus elaphus) infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and report the distribution of granulomas and findings seen in paucibacillary and multibacillary forms of the disease. METHODS: Tissues were examined from red deer either experimentally (n=300) or naturally (n=131) infected with MAP. A disease severity score developed previously was expanded to help provide more sensitivity in assessing severity of disease. The distribution of granulomatous, paucibacillary and multibacillary lesions in sections of jejunum, ileocaecal valve and mesenteric lymph nodes was compared between sites and between animals with mild (severity score ≤7) and severe (severity score ≥8) forms of the disease. RESULTS: Based on the results of three published studies, the severity score related well with the clinical severity and gross lesions associated with the disease. Paucibacillary lesions tended to have smaller macrophages and increased numbers of Langhan's giant cells than multibacillary forms, but this was not a consistent finding. The multibacillary form of the disease had Langhan's giant cells, containing numerous acid-fast organisms (AFO), and in one form sheets of epithelioid-like macrophages with prominent vacuolated cytoplasm and few Langhan's giant cells. In deer experimentally infected with MAP, granulomatous lesions were more evident in mesenteric lymph nodes than in intestinal tissue, especially in the mild form of the disease. In mild cases, granulomas were significantly more evident in Peyer's patches than in the intestinal mucosa, but in severe cases, the difference was not significant. Paucibacillary forms of the disease were more evident in deer with the mild disease, and multibacillary forms were more evident in deer with the severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: The severity score provides an objective measure of the severity of Johne's disease, and is useful for comparing individuals and groups of deer in studies involving experimental or natural infection with MAP. In mild disease, lesions were more evident in mesenteric lymph nodes than in jejunum and ileocaecal tissue, and Langhan's giant cells were present in both paucibacillary and multibacillary forms of the disease. The post erior jejunum and ileocaecal-valve lymph nodes were the best sites for detecting mild lesions, while intestinal samples from the posterior jejunum and ileocaecal valve had a lesser but useful role.
Mutation analysis of the WNT-4 gene in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of childbearing age and is characterized by chronic anovulation with either oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and hyperandrogenism. The etiology of this entity remains unknown. It has been suggested that genomic variants in genes related to the regulation of androgen biosynthesis and function could be involved in genetic predisposition to PCOS. WNT-4 is a member of the WNT family of secreted molecules. Studies on female Wnt-4 knockout mice have suggested that this gene suppresses gonadal androgen synthesis in normal females. We investigated if 25 women with PCOS presented mutations in WNT-4 as the cause of their disorder. Direct sequencing of all five exons demonstrated no mutant alleles in any patient. This study demonstrates that, at least in the population studied, mutations of the open reading frame of WNT-4 gene or its intron/exon junctions are not the cause of PCOS. However, the present data do not rule out the possible existence of causative mutations in the WNT-4 gene promoter region.
Engaging students in learning activities: It is not autonomy support or structure but autonomy support and structure.

We investigated 2 engagement-fostering aspects of teachers’ instructional styles—autonomy support and structure—and hypothesized that students’ engagement would be highest when teachers provided high levels of both. Trained observers rated teachers’ instructional styles and students’ behavioral engagement in 133 public high school classrooms in the Midwest, and 1,584 students in Grades 9–11 reported their subjective engagement. Correlational and hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed 3 results: (a) Autonomy support and structure were positively correlated, (b) autonomy support and structure both predicted students’ behavioral engagement, and (c) only autonomy support was a unique predictor of students’ self-reported engagement. We discuss, first, how these findings help illuminate the relations between autonomy support and structure as 2 complementary, rather than antagonistic or curvilinear, engagement-fostering aspects of teachers’ instructional styles and, second, the somewhat different results obtained for the behavioral versus self-report measures of students’ classroom engagement.
Differences in Beliefs and Attitudes toward the Improvability of Writing of Gifted Students Who Exhibit Mastery-Oriented and Helpless Behaviors

Teachers classified students enrolled in middle/junior high school gifted programs into mastery-oriented, helpless, and neither mastery-oriented nor helpless (NMO/H) groups. Mastery-oriented students consistently scored higher than the helpless group on measures of ability to improve quality of writing, motivation to write, confidence in writing, and general attitude toward writing. The mean score of the students in the NMO/H group consistently fell between the mean scores of the mastery-oriented and helpless groups. The results of the study supported the hypothesized differences between the implicit theories of intelligence held by mastery-oriented and helpless students. Implications for the field of gifted education are discussed.
The assessment of writing ability: expert readers versus lay readers

This article reports on three studies about the reading reliability of lay and expert readers in rating three kinds of writing assignments. Readers had to rate the Con tent and Language Usage of students' writing performances. The studies show that expert readers are more reliable in rating Usage, whereas both lay readers and expert readers prove to be reliable raters of Content. When the writing assignment becomes more restrictive, as is the case with interlinear revision tasks, lay readers are also reliable raters of Usage. The conclusion is that the effect of expertise is dependent on the rating task the readers have to perform. Expertise pertains most to language usage and to the cases in which the writing assignments as well as the scoring instructions are relatively free.
The fallout of forgiveness

Forgiveness within romantic relationships may have broader consequences. Two studies investigated how forgiveness decisions predict outsiders’ perceptions of individuals and their relationships. Study 1 (n = 364) used an experimental between-subject design and hypothetical vignettes to manipulate forgiveness, offense severity, and offense frequency. As hypothesized, participants perceived forgiving targets as more committed and satisfied, and the relation between forgiveness and person perceptions depended on offense frequency (competence) and severity (competence and warmth). In Study 2, participants (n = 134) recalled friends’ offenses. Forgiveness predicted perceived commitment, satisfaction, investment, warmth, and competence, at times interacting with severity and frequency, while accounting for intent and apologies. The findings are discussed in light of the importance of perceptions and social networks.
Adult Males Sexually Abused as Children

While the sexual abuse of males is now well documented, the literature lacks sufficient data on the long-term effects for adult males sexually victimized during childhood and is even less informative regarding treatment of this population. This study describes a sample of 25 adult males who were sexually abused as children. The clients' responses to a questionnaire, case records and clinical observations describe three primary characteristics common among subjects: sexual compulsiveness, masculine identity confusion, and relationship dysfunction. Male socialization appears to be a key variable in explaining the difficulty men have in acknowledging the abuse as well as an underlying dynamic that must be considered in the overall treatment approach.
Generic Haskell, Specifically

Generic HASKELL exploits the promising new incarnation of generic programming due to Hinze. Apart from extending the programming language Haskell, Hinze-style polytypism oﬀers a simple approach to deﬁning generic functions which are applicable to types of all kinds. Here we explore a number of simple but signiﬁcant extensions to Hinze’s ideas which make generic programming both more expressive and easier to use. We illustrate our ideas with examples.
Improved diagnostic medium for separation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C)

A simple new agar medium containing L-canavanine, glycine, and bromthymol blue was found to give a clearer and more accurate distinction between serotype A or D (Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans) and serotype B or C (C. neoformans var. gattii) than creatinine-dextrose-bromthymol blue or glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red media. Among 143 isolates of serotype A or D and 70 isolates of serotype B or C, the new medium correlated completely with the serotype, whereas nearly 11% of these isolates gave discrepant reactions with creatinine-dextrose-bromthymol blue and glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red media.
The relationship among child weight status, psychosocial functioning, and pediatric health care expenditures in a medicaid population.

OBJECTIVES To examine the association between weight status and health service use, while considering the influence of psychosocial functioning and demographic variables. METHODS Two hundred child-parent dyads were recruited from pediatric primary care clinics and completed measures of height, weight, and questionnaires assessing psychosocial functioning. Claims and expenditure data over a 12-month retrospective period were extracted from the Medicaid claims database. RESULTS Children who were obese incurred greater health service use and expenditures than children who were of a healthy weight, even after controlling for psychosocial functioning and other demographic variables. Children who were overweight (but not obese) did not have differing levels of claims or expenditures than their healthy weight peers. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the impact of pediatric obesity on long-term expenditures is critical. These results provide some indication of the financial savings that might be achieved if obese children were supported to achieve a healthier weight status.
The detection of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—associated kaposi sarcoma cells in pleural effusion by CD34 immunostain

Background. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) cells have not been reported in pleural effusions. This study identifies the effusional form of AIDS‐KS cells with the CD34 antibody, a newly recognized marker for vascular neoplasia.
PENGARUH KEPUASAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of job satisfaction, work motivation, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)on employees’ performance directly and indirectly that is mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The population in this study were all employees of PT Plasa Simpanglima Semarang is 152 employees.Samples used is106 employees.The method of data collection is by quesionares. Data analysis using path analysis. The conclusion of this study areinfluence job satisfaction and work motivation onOCB, the influence OCB on employee performance andOCB has mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and work motivation on employee performance
Accelerating software development through collaboration

In early 1999, VA Software launched a project to understand how the Internet development community had been able to produce software such as Linux, Apache and Sarnba that was generally developed faster and with higher quality than comparable commercially available alternatives. Our goal was simple: determine how to make more software development projects successful. We discovered that successful Internet community projects employed a number of practices that were not well characterized by traditional software engineering methodologies. We now refer to those practices as collaborative software development or CSD. Late in 1999 we developed the SourceForge platform to make it easy for even small software development projects to employ those practices, and in November of 1999 launched the SourceForge.net Web site based on the SourceForge platform. The site was an overwhelming success, and in less than two years, grew to support more than 27,000 software development projects and over a quarter million software developers worldwide. SourceForge.net affords us an unequaled test bed for understanding CSD. In response to demand from companies seeking to enable CSD within their organizations, we announced a commercial version of the SourceForge platform, SourceForge Enterprise Edition, in August 2001. This paper describes the principles of CSD, the software development pain points those principles address, and our experience enabling CSD with the SourceForge platform.
(−)-Epicatechin-3-O-β-d-allopyranoside from Davallia formosana, Prevents Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia by Regulation of Glucose Transporter 4 and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in High-Fat-Fed Mice

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the antidiabetic and lipid-lowering effects of (−)-epicatechin-3-O-β-d-allopyranoside (BB) from the roots and stems of Davallia formosana in mice. Animal treatment was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (control diet, CD). After eight weeks of HFD or CD exposure, the HFD mice were treating with BB or rosiglitazone (Rosi) or fenofibrate (Feno) or water through gavage for another four weeks. However, at 12 weeks, the HFD-fed group had enhanced blood levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG), and insulin. BB treatment significantly decreased blood glucose, TG, and insulin levels. Moreover, visceral fat weights were enhanced in HFD-fed mice, accompanied by increased blood leptin concentrations and decreased adiponectin levels, which were reversed by treatment with BB. Muscular membrane protein levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) were reduced in HFD-fed mice and significantly enhanced upon administration of BB, Rosi, and Feno. Moreover, BB treatment markedly increased hepatic and skeletal muscular expression levels of phosphorylation of AMP-activated (adenosine monophosphate) protein kinase (phospho-AMPK). BB also decreased hepatic mRNA levels of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), which are associated with a decrease in hepatic glucose production. BB-exerted hypotriglyceridemic activity may be partly associated with increased mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), and with reduced hepatic glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) mRNA levels in the liver, which decreased triacylglycerol synthesis. Nevertheless, we demonstrated BB was a useful approach for the management of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia in this animal model.
The Antecedents of Deinstitutionalization

Deinstitutionalization refers here to the erosion or discontinuity of an institution alized organizational activity or practice. This paper identifies a set of organiza tional and environmental factors that are hypothesized to determine the likelihood that institutionalized organizational behaviours will be vulnerable to erosion or rejection over time. Contrary to the emphasis in institutional theory on the cultural persistence and endurance of institutionalized organizational behaviours, it is suggested that, under a variety of conditions, these behaviours will be highly susceptible to dissipation, rejection or replacement.