Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instagram and the science museum: a missed opportunity for public engagement

Science museums are missing an opportunity to promote informal education, scientific literacy, public engagement and public visibility of scientists outside of museum walls via Instagram. With an analysis of 1,073 Instagram posts, we show that museums are using Instagram as a promotional broadcasting tool, with a focus on end results of collections and curation work over communication of museum-led discovery and science as a process. We suggest that science museums create more Instagram posts that offer educational information and visibility of exhibit creation and museum researchers' work behind the scenes.
Welfare, Vol. 1: Aggregate Consumer Behavior

This volume presents a new approach to econometric modeling of aggregate consumer behavior. The approach has successfully extricated demand modeling from the highly restrictive framework provided for more than half a century by the model of a representative consumer. Like the representative consumer model that preceded it, the new approach rests on the theory of individual behavior. The centerpiece of the volume is an econometric model of demand obtained by aggregating over a population of utility-maximizing consumers. The essential innovation is to incorporate attributes of consumers reflecting heterogeneous preferences into a model of aggregate behavior. Heterogeneity is captured by allowing preferences to depend on the demographic characteristics of households. This model unifies the two principal streams of empirical research on consumer behavior by pooling aggregate time series with cross-section data for individual households and provides a new point of departure for future research.
Global and intercultural competences for whom? By whom? For what purpose? : an example from the Asia Society and the OECD

In 2018 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) stressed that ‘citizens need not only the skills to be competitive and ready for a newworld of work, but more importantly they also need to develop the capacity to analyse and understand global and intercultural issues’ (OECD 2018, 2). The OECD global competence framework will soon be the main global educational instrument to assess 15-year-old students around the world as part of the OECD’s 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) (OECD 2018). The document titled Preparing our Youth for an Inclusive and Sustainable World: The OECD Global Competence Framework(OECD 2018) is supplemented by a separate document for teachers and educators titled Teaching For Global Competence In A Rapidly Changing World (Asia Society/OECD 2018). Although the word used ‘officially’ by the OECD is global, the documents often refer to the notion of the ‘intercultural’ to discuss educational aspects. This short article offers a critical commentary of Teaching For Global Competence In A Rapidly Changing world (Asia Society/OECD 2018) whereby we problematise the main content and implications for teachers and educators. In the final section we also problematise some solutions for teachers and educators.
Identifying high-rate flows based on Bayesian single sampling

On the Internet, high-rate flows that do not obey the TCP flow control mechanism can consume a large share of the link bandwidth and seriously affect other flows. Therefore, identifying high-rate flows is important for active queue management, traffic measurement and network security. Explicit measurement of high-rate flows is difficult because tracking the possible millions of flows needs correspondingly large high-speed memories. To reduce the measurement overhead, the deterministic 1-out-of-k sampling technique is adopted. Since the sampled packets are only a part of the whole traffic transmitted, it is critically important to identify high-rate flows correctly. However, there are no methods which are able to specify the identification accuracy. We develop a Bayesian single sampling method (BSS) which is able to identify high-rate flows with user-specified false positive rate (FPR) and false negative rate(FNR). The experimental results show that BSS can successfully identify high-rate flows with satisfied accuracy constraint.
Meridional volume transport in the South Pacific: Mean and SAM‐related variability

The large increase in upper-ocean sampling during the past decade enables improved estimation of the mean meridional volume transport in the midlatitude South Pacific, and hence of the climatically important Meridional Overturning Circulation. Transport is computed using Argo float profile data for geostrophic shear and trajectory data for reference velocities at 1000 m. For the period 2004-2012, the mean geostrophic transport across 32S is 20.6 ± 6.0 Sv in the top 2000 m of the ocean. From west to east, this includes the southward East Australian Current (23.3 ± 2.9 Sv), its northward recirculation (16.3 ± 3.6 Sv), the broad interior northward flow (18.4 ± 4.1 Sv), and the net northward flow (9.2 ± 2.2 Sv) in opposing currents in the eastern Pacific. The basin-integrated geostrophic transport includes 7.3 ± 0.9 Sv of surface and thermocline waters, 4.9 ± 1.0 Sv of Subantarctic Mode Water, and 4.9 ± 1.4 Sv of Antarctic Intermediate Water. Interannual variability in volume transport across 32S in the South Pacific shows a Southern Annual Mode signature characterized by an increase during the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode and a decrease during the negative phase. Maximum amplitudes in geostrophic transport anomalies, seen in the East Australian Current and East Australian Current recirculation, are consistent with wind stress curl anomalies near the western boundary. Key Points Improved meridional volume transport in the South Pacific using Argo EAC transport variability tied to the SAM © Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Comparison of empathy score among medical students in both basic and clinical levels

Introduction: Empathy refers to a personality character that has a great role in communication with others. Thus, proper evaluation and education of empathy in medical students is important for medical education. Because previous studies had suggested that physician's empathy may reduce with clinical trainings, in this study we decided to measure the empathy score among medical students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on medical students in the first to seventh years of their studies at Shiraz medical school (south of Iran) in 2010. We designed new Iranian version questionnaire of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Sample size was 260 students and the results were analyzed in SPSS, version 11.5 (statistical tests such as descriptive methods, t-test, and ANOVA) and p<005 was considered as the significant level. Results: The empathy score decreased with increase in the students’ age (p=0.001) and educational level (p=0.030). The overall rate of empathy score in basic science level (65.5±0.84) was more than that in the clinical level (55.5±1.78). The lowest empathy score was seen in the seventh year students (55.51) and the highest was in the first year students (65.50). Female students had higher mean empathy score (65.53) while it was 59.02 in the male students. Conclusion: In general, medical students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences had low empathy level and this may be a cause for concern; as such we suggest a possible inclusion of courses on empathy in the curriculum.
Light Inhibition of Shoot Regeneration Is Regulated by Endogenous Abscisic Acid Level in Calli Derived from Immature Barley Embryos

Shoot regeneration in calli derived from immature barley embryos is regulated by light conditions during the callus-induction period. Barley cultivars Kanto Nijo-5 (KN5) and K-3 (K3) showed lower efficiency of shoot regeneration in a 16-h photoperiod during callus-induction than those in continuous darkness, whereas shoot regeneration was enhanced in cultures under a 16-h photoperiod in Golden Promise (GP) and Lenins (LN). These cultivars were classified as photo-inhibition type (KN5 and K3) or photo-induction type (GP and LN) according to their response to light. Contents of endogenous plant hormones were determined in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod and continuous darkness. In photo-inhibition type, higher accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) was detected in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod, whereas calli showed lower levels of endogenous ABA in continuous darkness. However, cultivars of photo-induction type showed lower levels of ABA in calli cultured under both light conditions, similarly to photo-inhibition type in continuous darkness. Exogenous ABA inhibited the callus growth and shoot regeneration independent of light conditions in all cultivars. In photo-inhibition type, lower levels of endogenous ABA induced by ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, reduced the photo-inhibition of shoot regeneration. Expression of ABA biosynthesis gene, HvNCED1, in calli was regulated by the light conditions. Higher expression was observed in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod. These results indicate that ABA biosynthesis could be activated through the higher expression of HvNCED1 in a 16-h photoperiod and that the higher accumulations of ABA inhibit shoot regeneration in the photo-inhibition type cultivars.
Design of microstrip patch antenna using slotted partial ground and addition of stairs and stubs for UWB application

This paper presents the design with optimum geometry of a novel UWB rectangular patch antenna. A simple narrowband patch antenna is designed before proceeding to the geometry of UWB antenna. A special configuration of patch antenna with slotted partial ground and addition of stairs and stubs was designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio (CSTMWS). The designed antenna was fabricated, tested and compared with the simulation results. The proposed antenna’s characteristics were investigated with various options and found to operate satisfactorily. A remarkable improvement has been noticed in this design. Moreover, the antennas structure offers great advantages due to its simple designs and small dimensions.
ESSAYS ON THE PERSISTENCE OF POVERTY

OF DISSERTATION ESSAYS ON THE PERSISTENCE OF POVERTY My dissertation investigates the reasons behind the persistence of income among individuals and US counties. I look at the role of initial conditions in explaining current level of income. In my first essay, I look at how childhood neighborhood conditions affect income of a person. To study persistence, I model income as an autoregressive process where the coefficient on the lagged dependent variable heterogeneous across individuals. In my second essay, I derive a new way to measure chronic poverty, or long term poverty. Current measures of chronic poverty cannot be used to compare improvements of poverty rates over time. Using my measure, one can compare to see if chronic poverty rates changed over time. My third essay looks at the historical reasons behind differences in income between rich and poor counties in the US. There are about 250 counties in the US where poverty rates have been above 20 percent for the last 40 years. I look at whether current and past factors, or differences in technologies is the main reason behind persistence of high rates of poverty in these counties. Overall, I find that childhood neighborhood conditions have a big effect in determining the coefficient on the lagged dependent variable, that is, childhood neighborhood conditions affect persistence of income. I find that improving neighborhood poverty rates by one percentage point and father’s education by one year bring the greatest improvement of social welfare. In my second essay, I show the importance of measuring chronic poverty separately from total poverty; for example, between 2000 and 2005, total poverty declined, but chronic poverty rates actually increased, which shows that the long-term poor got worse off during that time period. In my last essay, I find that some US counties remained poor mainly because of differences in factor endowment, and past and present levels of human capital explain most of the differences in current level of income between poor and non-poor counties. Differences in factor endowments explained 80 percent of income between poor and non-poor counties, while technology accounted for only 20 percent of the difference.
The Economics of Productivity in Asia and Australia

Productivity growth has long been recognised by both economists and non-economists as being necessary for all economies aspiring to raise their standard of living. Thus, Renuka Mahadevan aims to highlight the conceptual differences, advantages and disadvantages of the various total factor productivity (TFP) measures and suggests processes and strategies for choosing the best technique to draw up policies for sustainable growth.
Causality Assessment of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions

Background Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the most common adverse reactions attributed to drugs. A systematic and effective approach to a patient with suspected drug eruption allows for prompt recognition, classification and treatment of cutaneous ADRs. A standardized and effective approach for objective causality assessment is necessary to make consistent and accurate identification of ADRs. Objective Although the Naranjo algorithm is the most widely used assessment tool, it contains many components which are not suitable for clinical assessment of ADRs in Korea. The purpose of this study is to compare correlations of the Naranjo algorithm and the Korean algorithm to evaluate usefulness of both algorithms in order to make a causal link between drugs and cutaneous ADRs. In addition, this study classifies the clinical types and causative agents of cutaneous ADRs. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical types and laboratory findings of patients who were diagnosed with cutaneous ADRs in the dermatology clinic at Gil hospital. One hundred forty-one patients were enrolled in this evaluation. The causal relationship of ADRs was assessed by using the Naranjo algorithm and Korean algorithm (version 2.0). Results A cross-tabulation analysis was applied to the Naranjo algorithm and Korean algorithm (version 2.0). Simple correlation analysis and a Bland-Altman plot were used for statistical analysis. Correlation analysis confirmed that the two assessment algorithms were significantly correlated. Exanthematous eruptions (68.8%), Stevens- Johnson syndrome (10.6%), and urticaria (8.5%) were the most common types of cutaneoues ADRs. The most common causative agents were antibiotics/antimicrobials, antipyretics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and central nervous system depressants. Conclusion The Naranjo algorithm and Korean algorithm (version 2.0) were significantly correlated with each other, and thus reliable assessment methods to determine cutaneous ADRs.
R&D investment and financial contracting in spanish manufacturig firms

This paper presents a model in which a firm with a degree of R and D specialization raises external funds to develop a two-period project that involves some non-verifiable returns (R and D-type of project). Taking into account a possible opportunistic behavior by the manager, we find out that the optimal firm's debt equity ratio is negatively related to the firm's degree of R and D specialization, its internal funds, and the output generated by the R and D project. Moreover, the expected R and D output of the firm is related negatively to the firm's leverage and positively to the firm's degree of R and D specialization as well as the amount of internal funds. The novelty of this work is to derive these results from strategic default consideration of the managers of firms specialized in R and D investments, as opposed to the standard collateral arguments concerning debt financing. This has a consequence of a lower growth of the firm's debt-equity ratio once we compare firms specialized on R and D investments with others non specialized in these activities. We confirm our main theoretical findings making use of a Spanish data set of manufacturing firms during the period 1990-94.
Space-time modes of relativistic stars

The problem of relativistic stellar pulsations is studied in a somewhat ad hoc approximation that ignores all fluid motions. This {\em Inverse Cowling Approximation} (ICA) is motivated by two observations: 1) For highly damped (w-mode) oscillations the fluid plays very little role. 2) If the fluid motion is neglected the problem for polar oscillation modes becomes similar to that for axial modes. Using the ICA we find a polar mode spectrum that has all features of the w-mode spectrum of the full problem. Moreover, in the limit of superdense stars, we find the ICA spectrum to be qualitatively similar to that of the axial modes. These results clearly show the importance of general relativity for the pulsation modes of compact stars, and that there are modes whose existence do not depend on motions of the fluid at all; pure ``spacetime'' modes.
Implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning and Its Effects on Student Motivation

Implementacion del aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras y sus efectos sobre la motivacion de los estudiantes Implementacao de uma aprendizagem integrada de conteudos e linguas estrangeiras e seus efeitos na motivacao dos alunos The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of integrating Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on the motivation of students learning English in a preparatory school at a private university in Istanbul, Turkey. The study also attempts to find out how the students and their instructor perceive teaching and learning English through this particular approach. The participants consisted of 19 intermediate level students and their instructor. To meet these objectives, the quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-motivation questionnaires whereas the qualitative data came from reflective journals kept by the two CLIL had a positive influence on the students’ motivation while learning English. In addition, the reflective journals suggested that both students and their instructor perceived CLIL as an engaging and functional instructional tool while teaching and learning English. CLIL also helped students to become more responsible for their own learning process. Finally, the two groups of participants shared the difficulties they experienced with this approach, such as timing, workload and speaking. Based on these findings, the study offers recommendations and implications about using CLIL in English classrooms. To reference this article (APA) / Para citar este articulo (APA) / Para citar este artigo (APA) Mede, E . & Cinar, S. (2018). Implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning and its effects on student motivation. LACLIL, 11 (2), 215-235. DOI: 10.5294/laclil.2018. 11.2. 3 Received: 19/06/2018 Approved: 06/11/2018
From the Academy to the Boardroom: Methodological Challenges and Insights on Transnational Business Feminism

Increasingly, corporations are championing the cause of gender equality and women’s empowerment in the Global South. Tapping into notions about women’s role as caregivers, empowerment promotion is simultaneously meant to lead to family and community development, profitability for those who invest in women and girls and economic growth. While emerging feminist scholarship on this kind of ‘transnational business feminism’ (TBF) (Roberts, 2012, 2015) has largely scrutinised gender governance based on visual and textual materials produced by corporations themselves, this article expands the methodological engagement with TBF by reflecting on how we translated the concept into two distinct field-based research projects. The article compares and contrasts our situated fieldwork experiences, focusing in particular on accessing corporate elites and development partners and the epistemological rifts that emerged in conversations with them. It documents how our experiences of blockages, hostile relations and miscommunications have shaped our critical feminist research, and points to some of the power relations at work within TBF.
A Novel Surface Electrocardiogram–Based Marker of Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background Better sudden cardiac death risk markers are needed in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Increased heterogeneity of electrical restitution is an important mechanism underlying the risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Our aim was to develop and test a novel quantitative surface electrocardiogram–based measure of VA risk in patients with ICM: the Regional Restitution Instability Index (R2I2). Methods and Results R2I2, the mean of the standard deviation of residuals from the mean gradient for each ECG lead at a range of diastolic intervals, was measured retrospectively from high-resolution 12-lead ECGs recorded during an electrophysiology study. Patient groups were as follows: Study group, 26 patients with ICM being assessed for implantable defibrillator; Control group, 29 patients with supraventricular tachycardia undergoing electrophysiology study; and Replication group, 40 further patients with ICM. R2I2 was significantly higher in the Study patients than in Controls (mean ± standard error of the mean: 1.09±0.06 versus 0.63±0.04, P<0.001). Over a median follow-up period of 23 months, 6 of 26 Study group patients had VA or death. R2I2 predicted VA or death independently of demographic factors, electrophysiology study result, left ventricular ejection fraction, or QRS duration (Cox model, P=0.029). R2I2 correlated with peri-infarct zone as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (r=0.51, P=0.024). The findings were replicated in the Replication group: R2I2 was significantly higher in 11 of 40 Replication patients experiencing VA (1.18±0.10 versus 0.92±0.05, P=0.019). In combined analysis of ICM cohorts, R2I2 ≥1.03 identified subjects with significantly higher risk of VA or death (43%) compared with R2I2 <1.03 (11%) (P=0.004). Conclusions In this pilot study, we have developed a novel VA risk marker, R2I2, and have shown that it correlated with a structural measure of arrhythmic risk and predicted risk of VA or death in patients with ICM. R2I2 may improve risk stratification and merits further evaluation. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001552 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.001552.)
Pre-Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Experimental Vaccines Based on Non-Replicating Vaccinia Vectors against Yellow Fever

Background Currently existing yellow fever (YF) vaccines are based on the live attenuated yellow fever virus 17D strain (YFV-17D). Although, a good safety profile was historically attributed to the 17D vaccine, serious adverse events have been reported, making the development of a safer, more modern vaccine desirable. Methodology/Principal Findings A gene encoding the precursor of the membrane and envelope (prME) protein of the YFV-17D strain was inserted into the non-replicating modified vaccinia virus Ankara and into the D4R-defective vaccinia virus. Candidate vaccines based on the recombinant vaccinia viruses were assessed for immunogenicity and protection in a mouse model and compared to the commercial YFV-17D vaccine. The recombinant live vaccines induced γ-interferon-secreting CD4- and functionally active CD8-T cells, and conferred full protection against lethal challenge already after a single low immunization dose of 105 TCID50. Surprisingly, pre-existing immunity against wild-type vaccinia virus did not negatively influence protection. Unlike the classical 17D vaccine, the vaccinia virus-based vaccines did not cause mortality following intracerebral administration in mice, demonstrating better safety profiles. Conclusions/Significance The non-replicating recombinant YF candidate live vaccines induced a broad immune response after single dose administration, were effective even in the presence of a pre-existing immunity against vaccinia virus and demonstrated an excellent safety profile in mice.