Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Developmental Structural Account of Riddles.

This study links the Piagetian categories of classification with an analysis of the structure of riddles. Subjects were 623 elementary and junior high school students from small towns in Northwestern Ohio.The childrer. provided experimenters with riddles and each riddle was scrutinized for possible inclusion in the following categories: 41) preriddle, (2) implicit reclassifications, (3) riddle parodies, (4) rion7priterial relationships, (5) explicit reclassifications, (6) non-criterial cassifications, and (7) multiple classifications.A riddle wias.defined, as a puzzling question . with an answer made, arbitrary because the subject was expecting to react to meaning A but was given meaning B, and systematic because meaning A and B shared another semantic relationship.Results of the study indicate that riddles typify: (1) the preoperational period, (1st-2nd grade), (2) the two dimensional . (3rd-4th grade),. and (3) the focus on behavioral expectancies (5th and up). ,The riddle can be seen as a working model of the child -adult relationship of oral interrogation, ambiguity and humiliation. ,(ST)
Logic Circuits with Carbon Nanotube Transistors

We demonstrate logic circuits with field-effect transistors based on single carbon nanotubes. Our device layout features local gates that provide excellent capacitive coupling between the gate and nanotube, enabling strong electrostatic doping of the nanotube from p-doping to n-doping and the study of the nonconventional long-range screening of charge along the one-dimensional nanotubes. The transistors show favorable device characteristics such as high gain (>10), a large on-off ratio (>105), and room-temperature operation. Importantly, the local-gate layout allows for integration of multiple devices on a single chip. Indeed, we demonstrate one-, two-, and three-transistor circuits that exhibit a range of digital logic operations, such as an inverter, a logic NOR, a static random-access memory cell, and an ac ring oscillator.
A new technology for micromachining of silicon: dopant selective HF anodic etching for the realization of low-doped monocrystalline silicon structures

The sharp selectivity of HF anodic etching between p-Si and n-Si is used to realize monocrystalline silicon microstructures, in this case suspended beams, making use of masked implantation of phosphorous for the definition of the geometry. This technology offers opportunities in the field of micromachining of silicon for micromechanical applications. The technology is complementary to bulk micromachining (anisotropic KOH or EDP etching, or isotropic HF/HNO/sub 3/ etching) and surface micromachining with sacrificial-layer techniques. <<ETX>>
Developmental Variations in Learning : Applications to Social, Executive Function, Language, and Reading Skills

Contents: Preface. V.J. Molfese, T.B. Martin, Intelligence and Achievement: Measurement and Prediction of Developmental Variations. J.M. Holahan, B.A. Shaywitz, V. Chhabra, A. Shneider, K. Marchione, S.E. Shaywitz, J. Fletcher, Developmental Trends in Teacher Perceptions of Student Cognitive and Behavioral Status as Measured by the Multigrade Inventory for Teachers: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study. L. Waterhouse, Social Interaction Impairments. S.H. Landry, C.L. Miller-Loncar, K.E. Smith, Individual Difference in the Development of Social Communication Competency in Very Low Birthweight Children. K.A. Espy, P.M. Kaufmann, Individual Differences in the Development of Executive Function in Children: Lessons From the Delayed Response and A-not-B Tasks. M.C. Welsh, Developmental and Clinical Variations in Executive Functions. D.L. Molfese, D.B. Narter, A. Modglin, The Relation Between Language Development and Brain Activity. R.D. Morris, L. Lazarus-Benbenisty, N. Krawiecki, M. Wolf, Naming Abilities in Children With Brain Tumors. M.A. Romski, R.A. Sevcik, Patterns of Language Development Through Augmented Means in Youth With Mental Retardation. V.W. Berninger, R.D. Abbott, Modeling Developmental and Individual Variability in Reading and Writing Acquisition: A Developmental Neuropsychological Perspective. M.W. Lovett, R.W. Barron, The Search for Individual and Subtype Differences in Reading Disabled Children's Response to Remediation.
Differences in growth and alkaline phosphatase activity between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to media with different organic phosphorus

The growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in three dissolved organic phosphorus sources (glucose-1- phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, cyclic-adenosine monophosphate) were studied in cultures separated by a dialysis membrane. Results showed that M. aeruginosa and C. pyrenoidosa could utilize those three forms of organic phosphorus, but their growth rates and cell abundances were low in comparison with those in the orthophosphate control. M. aeruginosa had a higher growth rate than C. pyrenoidosa in glucose-1-phosphate, and then became dominate in the separate cultures. In contrast, those two algal species didn’t show any significant differences in the growth rate and cell abundance in the medium with adenosine triphosphate and cyclicadenosine monophosphate. Alkaline phosphatase was an important enzyme for hydrolyzing glucose-1-phosphate, adenosine triphosphate and cyclic-adenosine monophosphate, the activity of which was positively correlated with the growth rate of algae. Considering the big proportion of glucose-1-phosphate in the Lake Taihu, the capability of M. aeruginosa to efficiently utilize this type of organic phosphorus source might be one of reason that why M. aeruginosa is the dominant species in this hyper-eutrophic lake.
Exploring how Australian occupational therapists and physiotherapists understand each other’s professional values: implications for interprofessional education and practice

Abstract This article provides insight into the values Australian occupational therapists and physiotherapists consider essential for their practice and the values that they perceive as important for each other. Findings from a study that employed the Delphi technique to identify the values occupational therapists and physiotherapists consider essential for their practice were compared with interview results that provide insight into how these professionals perceive one another’s values. The results from this comparison indicate that occupational therapy and physiotherapy participants have limited knowledge of each other’s values. This is evidenced by participants only identifying a minority of the values considered essential within the other profession and not identifying many of the values that guide daily practice within the other profession. The results hold implications for interprofessional education and practice, where knowledge of the values of other professions in the team is essential. To enable interprofessional collaboration, professions need to make their values explicit and provide their students, practitioners and educators with opportunities to learn about their own values and the values of other professions.
Subcutaneous Infection Model Facilitates Treatment Assessment of Secondary Alveolar Echinococcosis in Mice

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in humans is a parasitic disease characterized by severe damage to the liver and occasionally other organs. AE is caused by infection with the metacestode (larval) stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, usually infecting small rodents as natural intermediate hosts. Conventionally, human AE is chemotherapeutically treated with mebendazole or albendazole. There is, however still the need for improved chemotherapeutical options. Primary in vivo studies on drugs of interest are commonly performed in small laboratory animals such as mice and Mongolian jirds, and in most cases, a secondary infection model is used, whereby E. multilocularis metacestodes are directly injected into the peritoneal cavity or into the liver. Disadvantages of this methodological approach include risk of injury to organs during the inoculation and, most notably, a limitation in the macroscopic (visible) assessment of treatment efficacy. Thus, in order to monitor the efficacy of chemotherapeutical treatment, animals have to be euthanized and the parasite tissue dissected. In the present study, mice were infected with E. multilocularis metacestodes through the subcutaneous route and were then subjected to chemotherapy employing albendazole. Serological responses to infection were comparatively assessed in mice infected by the conventional intraperitoneal route. We demonstrate that the subcutaneous infection model for secondary AE facilitates the assessment of the progress of infection and drug treatment in the live animal.
Dynamic Propagation Channel Characterization and Modeling for Human Body Communication

This paper presents the first characterization and modeling of dynamic propagation channels for human body communication (HBC). In-situ experiments were performed using customized transceivers in an anechoic chamber. Three HBC propagation channels, i.e., from right leg to left leg, from right hand to left hand and from right hand to left leg, were investigated under thirty-three motion scenarios. Snapshots of data (2,800,000) were acquired from five volunteers. Various path gains caused by different locations and movements were quantified and the statistical distributions were estimated. In general, for a given reference threshold è = −10 dB, the maximum average level crossing rate of the HBC was approximately 1.99 Hz, the maximum average fade time was 59.4 ms, and the percentage of bad channel duration time was less than 4.16%. The HBC exhibited a fade depth of −4 dB at 90% complementary cumulative probability. The statistical parameters were observed to be centered for each propagation channel. Subsequently a Fritchman model was implemented to estimate the burst characteristics of the on-body fading. It was concluded that the HBC is motion-insensitive, which is sufficient for reliable communication link during motions, and therefore it has great potential for body sensor/area networks.
The influence of asthma onset and severity on malocclusion prevalence in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The influence of asthma, its severity levels and onset time on malocclusion occurrence were investigated. METHODS: The sample was composed by 176 children/adolescents, of both genders, aged 3 to 15 years, that were divided in two groups. The asthma group (AG) enrolled 88 children/adolescents that were seen at the Breathe Londrina Program. The asthma-free group (AFG) enrolled 88 preschool and school children recruited in 2 public schools. Malocclusion diagnosis was made according to WHO criteria (OMS, 1999). RESULTS: A higher prevalence in malocclusions in asthmatic patients in mixed dentition was observed when compared to controls (p 0.05) and permanent dentition (p>0.05). A significant association was seen between asthma onset time and marked maxillary overjet (p<0.05), and open bite (p<0.05) in the mixed dentition, being both conditions more common among those that have presented the symptoms of asthma prior to 12 months of age. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the early manifestation of asthma at first year of life can cause dentofacial changes. Therefore, the prompt diagnostic of the illness, as well as the establishment of a proper therapy could improve the symptoms and chronic complications of asthma and also reduce its impact on craniofacial development.
Synthesis?Translation in Defective Ribosomal Product Viral Protein Synthesis: A Role for Nuclear Antigenic Peptide Generation from Normal RNA Polymerase II Inhibitors Dissociate

Following viral infection, cells rapidly present peptides from newly synthesized viral proteins on MHC class I molecules, likely from rapidly degraded forms of nascent proteins. The nature of these defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) remains largely undeﬁned. Using inhibitors of RNA polymerase II that block inﬂuenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) mRNA export from the nucleus and inhibit cytoplasmic NA translation, we demonstrate a surprising disconnect between levels of NA translation and generation of SIINFEKL peptide genetically inserted into the NA stalk. A 33-fold reduction in NA expression is accompanied by only a 5-fold reduction in K b -SIINFEKL complex cell-surface expression, resulting in a net 6-fold increase in the overall efﬁciency of Ag presentation. Although the proteasome inhibitor MG132 completely blocked K b -SIINFEKL complex generation, we were unable to biochemically detect a MG132-dependent cohort of NA DRiPs relevant for Ag processing, suggesting that a minute population of DRiPs is a highly efﬁcient source of antigenic peptides. These data support the idea that Ag processing uses compartmentalized translation, perhaps even in the nucleus itself, to increase the efﬁciency of the generation of class I peptide ligands. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000.
An Early Cambrian deltaic–fluvial model for an Iapetan rift-arm drainage system, southeastern Quebec

Based on the model that during the rifting stage beginning at ca. 590 Ma, the Ottawa Graben, an Iapetan failed arm, localized a large river that flowed into the nascent Iapetus, a search was made for the related fluvial and deltaic deposits. The search led to the identification of fluvial deposits as predicted by the model. Deltaic deposits were also identified despite complications brought about by deformation, metamorphism, and thrusting, although they probably belong to a late phase of delta buildup in the Early Cambrian. Older deltaic deposits of the river probably lie buried beneath a volcanic shield that built up at the proximal end of the graben ca. 554 Ma. The successful application of the model supports the paradigm of rift-arm – failed-arm rivers and their deltas as proposed by K. Burke and J.F. Dewey nearly two decades ago. Investigations based on this paradigm, in appropriate geological situations, may provide insights into problems related to continental rifting and breakup and provide inform.
Reduced Connectivity in the Self-Processing Network of Schizophrenia Patients with Poor Insight

Lack of insight (unawareness of illness) is a common and clinically relevant feature of schizophrenia. Reduced levels of self-referential processing have been proposed as a mechanism underlying poor insight. The default mode network (DMN) has been implicated as a key node in the circuit for self-referential processing. We hypothesized that during resting state the DMN network would show decreased connectivity in schizophrenia patients with poor insight compared to patients with good insight. Patients with schizophrenia were recruited from mental health care centers in the north of the Netherlands and categorized in groups having good insight (n = 25) or poor insight (n = 19). All subjects underwent a resting state fMRI scan. A healthy control group (n = 30) was used as a reference. Functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior part of the DMN, identified using Independent Component Analysis, was compared between groups. Patients with poor insight showed lower connectivity of the ACC within the anterior DMN component and precuneus within the posterior DMN component compared to patients with good insight. Connectivity between the anterior and posterior part of the DMN was lower in patients than controls, and qualitatively different between the good and poor insight patient groups. As predicted, subjects with poor insight in psychosis showed decreased connectivity in DMN regions implicated in self-referential processing, although this concerned only part of the network. This finding is compatible with theories implying a role of reduced self-referential processing as a mechanism contributing to poor insight.
Performance estimation of virtual duplex systems on simultaneous multithreaded processors

Summary form only given. Virtual duplex systems provide detection of transient as well as most permanent hardware faults by executing two versions of a program on a single processor in a time-shared manner. Previous studies on virtual duplex systems have focussed on either improving fault coverage or reducing overhead. We build upon this work and investigate the positive influence of an underlying processor architecture that supports parallelism in the form of multiple threads in hardware. Such processor architectures are just entering the market, with a die area only slightly larger than that of a conventional processor. A performance prediction shows that those processors allow faster fault detection than conventional processors of the same speed. Moreover, the parallelism can be utilized for a recovery that extends the concept of virtual duplex systems. Additionally, we present a technique that further increases the above mentioned gain by using prediction of the faulty version in a manner similar to branch prediction.
Detection and Visualization of Emotions in an Affect-Aware City

Smart cities use various deployed sensors and aggregate their data to create a big picture of the live state of the city. This live state can be enhanced by incorporating the affective states of the citizens. In this work, we automatically detect the emotions of the city's inhabitants from geo-tagged posts on the social network Twitter. Emotions are represented as four-dimensional vectors of pleasantness, arousal, dominance and unpredictability. In a training phase, emotion-word hashtags in the messages are used as the ground truth emotion contained in a message. A neural network is trained by using the presence of words, hashtags and emoticons in the messages as features. During the live phase, these features are extracted from new geo-tagged Twitter messages and given as input to the neural network. This allows the estimation of a four-dimensional emotion vector for a new message. The detected emotions are aggregated over space and time and visualized on a map of the city.
Role of the Molybdoflavoenzyme Aldehyde Oxidase Homolog 2 in the Biosynthesis of Retinoic Acid: Generation and Characterization of a Knockout Mouse

ABSTRACT The mouse aldehyde oxidase AOH2 (aldehyde oxidase homolog 2) is a molybdoflavoenzyme. Harderian glands are the richest source of AOH2, although the protein is detectable also in sebaceous glands, epidermis, and other keratinized epithelia. The levels of AOH2 in the Harderian gland and skin are controlled by genetic background, being maximal in CD1 and C57BL/6 and minimal in DBA/2, CBA, and 129/Sv strains. Testosterone is a negative regulator of AOH2 in Harderian glands. Purified AOH2 oxidizes retinaldehyde into retinoic acid, while it is devoid of pyridoxal-oxidizing activity. Aoh2−/− mice, the first aldehyde oxidase knockout animals ever generated, are viable and fertile. The data obtained for this knockout model indicate a significant role of AOH2 in the local synthesis and biodisposition of endogenous retinoids in the Harderian gland and skin. The Harderian gland's transcriptome of knockout mice demonstrates overall downregulation of direct retinoid-dependent genes as well as perturbations in pathways controlling lipid homeostasis and cellular secretion, particularly in sexually immature animals. The skin of knockout mice is characterized by thickening of the epidermis in basal conditions and after UV light exposure. This has correlates in the corresponding transcriptome, which shows enrichment and overall upregulation of genes involved in hypertrophic responses.
Energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis trade-offs provide the basis for a new type of sensitivity to ocean acidification in a marine polychaete at a high-CO2 vent: adenylate and phosphagen energy pools versus carbonic anhydrase

ABSTRACT Species distributions and ecology can often be explained by their physiological sensitivity to environmental conditions. Whilst we have a relatively good understanding of how these are shaped by temperature, for other emerging drivers, such as PCO2 we know relatively little. The marine polychaete Sabella spallanzanii increases its metabolic rate when exposed to high PCO2 conditions and remains absent from the CO2 vent of Ischia. To understand new possible pathways of sensitivity to CO2 in marine ectotherms, we examined the metabolic plasticity of S. spallanzanii exposed in situ to elevated PCO2 by measuring fundamental metabolite and carbonic anhydrase concentrations. We show that whilst this species can survive elevated PCO2 conditions in the short term, and exhibits an increase in energy metabolism, this is accompanied by a significant decrease in carbonic anhydrase concentration. These homeostatic changes are unlikely to be sustainable in the longer term, indicating S. spallanzanii may struggle with future high PCO2 conditions. Summary: Evidence exists for a previously undocumented type of metabolic sensitivity to high PCO2 in a non-model marine invertebrate following an experiment conducted in situ at a high PCO2 vent site.
Prediction of Alcohol and Gambling Problems in Young Adults by Using a Measure of Decision Making

Objectives:Individuals who regularly gamble, regularly consume alcohol, or meet criteria for an alcohol-use disorder or pathological gambling may make riskier decisions on cognitive tasks. What remains unclear in the literature is whether these decision-making deficits precede or result from these addictive behaviors. This study aimed to determine whether risky decision making on a cognitive task is predictive of increasing gambling behaviors and alcohol use. Methods:Fifty-eight young adults (aged 18-29 years) free from Axis I disorders and reporting no symptoms of at-risk gambling behavior or alcohol consumption, who were participating in a longitudinal study of impulsivity, were grouped as either high-risk decision makers (n = 29) or low-risk decision makers (n = 29) by using the Cambridge Gamble Task. Subjects were assessed at 1-year follow-up to examine gambling frequency, alcohol consumption, at-risk alcohol-use criteria, alcohol-use disorder criteria, at-risk gambling criteria, and pathological gambling criteria. Results:High-risk decision makers were found to be more likely to meet at-risk criteria for alcohol use after 1 year. Decision-making group membership was not significantly correlated with frequency of gambling or development of pathological gambling or alcohol-use disorder over 1 year. Conclusions:A variable measuring risky decision making on the Cambridge Gambling Task may be able to predict who is more likely to increase alcohol use per session later in life.