Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consistency of Fear of Failure Score Meanings Among 8- to 18-Year-Old Female Athletes

Fear of failure (FF) energizes individuals to avoid failure because of the learned aversive consequences of failing (e.g., shame). Although FF is socialized in childhood, little is known about the meaning of scores from FF measures used with children and adolescents. This study addresses that void by establishing a preliminary nomological network for FF scores from a younger population than has previously been studied. Girls (N = 97) aged 8 to 18 years (M = 13.2) completed measures of FF, situational motivation, sport anxiety, self-esteem, physical self-concept, and social competence during the first week of a recreational softball league. Results indicated that FF scores were positively associated with age. General FF also was associated with higher levels of sport anxiety and lower levels of self-determined motivation, self-esteem, skill-related physical self-concept, and social competence. Age did not moderate any of these relationships; thus, aspects of the nomological network for interpreting FF scores from the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory can be extended to children as young as age 8.
Regional variation in high‐density lipoprotein binding to human adipocyte plasma membranes of massively obese subjects

Abstract. Obesity is associated with significant changes in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often reduced and adipose tissue cholesterol stores are increased in obese individuals. This prompted a study on the binding of HLD fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) to adipocyte plasma membranes obtained from massively obese subjects (BMI > 37 kg m‐2) undergoing gastroplasty. Regional variation in HDL binding to these adipocyte plasma membranes was demonstrated. Membranes derived from the abdominal subcutaneous depot exhibited similar binding affinity (Kd) but higher binding capacity (Bmax) for HDL2 and HDL3 than that from the omental depot. There was significant inter‐individual variation in Bmax but the amount of HDL2 or HDL3 bound to the two depots of the same individual was positively correlated (HDL2, r= 0·66, P < 0·05; HDL3, r= 0·88, P < 0·01). While HDL2 binding showed a higher affinity (lower Kd) than HDL3, a significant positive correlation existed between HDL2 and HDL3 binding to the same adipocyte membranes (r= 0·89, P < 0·01). A significant inverse correlation (P < 0·05) was also observed between HDL2 and HDL3 binding to adipocyte membranes and plasma HDL‐cholesterol concentration. These results suggest that adipose tissue is an important site of HDL metabolism and the subcutaneous fat depot may play a proportionally more significant role due to its higher HDL binding capacity. It is further suggested that increased HDL binding and metabolism by the expanded adipose tissue mass may contribute to reduced plasma HDL‐cholesterol levels frequently associated with obesity.
Jellyfish Support High Energy Intake of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea): Video Evidence from Animal-Borne Cameras

The endangered leatherback turtle is a large, highly migratory marine predator that inexplicably relies upon a diet of low-energy gelatinous zooplankton. The location of these prey may be predictable at large oceanographic scales, given that leatherback turtles perform long distance migrations (1000s of km) from nesting beaches to high latitude foraging grounds. However, little is known about the profitability of this migration and foraging strategy. We used GPS location data and video from animal-borne cameras to examine how prey characteristics (i.e., prey size, prey type, prey encounter rate) correlate with the daytime foraging behavior of leatherbacks (n = 19) in shelf waters off Cape Breton Island, NS, Canada, during August and September. Video was recorded continuously, averaged 1:53 h per turtle (range 0:08–3:38 h), and documented a total of 601 prey captures. Lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) was the dominant prey (83–100%), but moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) were also consumed. Turtles approached and attacked most jellyfish within the camera's field of view and appeared to consume prey completely. There was no significant relationship between encounter rate and dive duration (p = 0.74, linear mixed-effects models). Handling time increased with prey size regardless of prey species (p = 0.0001). Estimates of energy intake averaged 66,018 kJ•d−1 but were as high as 167,797 kJ•d−1 corresponding to turtles consuming an average of 330 kg wet mass•d−1 (up to 840 kg•d−1) or approximately 261 (up to 664) jellyfish•d-1. Assuming our turtles averaged 455 kg body mass, they consumed an average of 73% of their body mass•d−1 equating to an average energy intake of 3–7 times their daily metabolic requirements, depending on estimates used. This study provides evidence that feeding tactics used by leatherbacks in Atlantic Canadian waters are highly profitable and our results are consistent with estimates of mass gain prior to southward migration.
A nonlinear model of the arterial system incorporating a pressure-dependent compliance

An examination is made of the consequences of incorporating a pressure dependent compliance in a modified arterial system model. This nonlinear model is evaluated under control and acute pressure-loading conditions. Results show that the nonlinear compliance model in general can more accurately predict the measured pressure waveforms during control and during acute pressure loading. The difference between the predicted waveforms is more pronounced when blood pressure is high and when the pulse pressure is large. <<ETX>>
Well-Being, Poverty and Labor Income Taxation: Theory and Application to Europe and the U.S

We study a model in which agents dier in their productive skills and their preferences over labor time/consumption bundles. We assume there is a poverty line, that is, there is a minimal level of consumption below which society nds it unacceptable to let people live. To avoid conict with individual well-being, we capture the anti-poverty project be requiring redistribution to take place between agents on both sides of the poverty line provided they have the same labor time. We combine this requirement with eciency
The experiences of children living with and caring for parents with mental illness

This research provides a three-way perspective on the experiences and needs of children who are living with and caring for parents with severe and enduring mental illness. The views of children, parents and key workers were sought in order to provide deeper insight into the needs of families and the nature of interfamilial relationships, as well as the relationships between service users and providers. Child protection and medical research has long proposed a link between parental mental illness and the risk to children of abuse, neglect and developmental delay. The inevitability of risk associations is challenged by the research described here and outcomes for children of caring for parents with mental illness are discussed not simply in terms of risk to children but more broadly in respect of, for example, positive parent–child relationships. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Islamic microfinance : an emerging market niche

An estimated 72 percent of people living in Muslim-majority countries do not use formal financial services. Even when financial services are available, some people view conventional products as incompatible with the financial principles set forth in Islamic law. In recent years, some microfinance institutions (MFIs) have stepped in to service low-income Muslim clients who demand products consistent with Islamic financial principles - leading to the emergence of Islamic microfinance as a new market niche. The supply of Islamic microfinance is very concentrated in a few countries, with the top three countries (Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan) accounting for 80 percent of global outreach. Nevertheless, demand for Islamic microfinance products is strong. This focus note provides an overview of the current state of the Islamic microfinance sector and identifies possible challenges to its growth. It is intended as an introduction to Islamic microfinance primarily for the donor community and other potential entrants into the market.
Role Ambiguity and Intra‐Team Communication in Interdependent Sport Teams

This study explored relationships between perceptions of intra-team communication and role ambiguity within an interdependent team sport environment. Participants were 116 intercollegiate-level team sport athletes (M age = 20.6 years). For males, the intra-team communication dimension of acceptance was found to predict the majority of role ambiguity dimensions for both performance contexts of offense and defense (.09 ≤ R2adj. ≤ .16). However, limited support for this relationship was found for females, as acceptance communication predicted only one role ambiguity dimension (evaluation of role performance on defense). These findings have implications for applied practice in terms of reducing group members’ perceptions of role ambiguity in interdependent team sport.
Alcohol, Drugs, Sexual Behavior, and HIV in Trinidad and Tobago—The Way Forward

The HIV epidemic in Trinidad and Tobago is primarily heterosexual, fueled by a high level of risky sex, gender inequality, and alcohol and drug use; however, the influence of alcohol and drugs has been neglected in the literature. Research shows that current HIV prevention approaches have failed to substantially impact sexual behavior change. This may be so because they do not incorporate a comprehensive understanding of the sociocultural factors underlying sexual behavior. There is an urgent need to understand how socially accepted patterns of alcohol and drug use contribute to sexual behaviors and HIV risk in Trinidad and Tobago. Moreover, specialized, evidence-based interventions are needed for HIV-infected substance abusers. Using an adaptation of the cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) protocol, this intervention project aimed to assess effectiveness in reducing relapse and risky behaviors among recovering HIV-infected substance abusers in Trinidad and Tobago.
Kinematics of tidal tails in interacting galaxies: Tidal Dwarf Galaxies and projection effects

The kinematics of tidal tails in colliding galaxies has been studied via Fabry-Perot observations of the Halpha emission. With their large field of view and high spatial resolution, the Fabry-Perot data allow to probe simultaneously, in 2-D, two kinematical features of the tidal ionized gas: large-scale velocity gradients due to streaming motions along the tails, and small-scale motions related to the internal dynamics of giant HII regions within the tails. In several interacting systems, massive (10^9 Msun) condensations of HI, CO and stars are observed in the outer regions of tails. Whether they are genuine accumulations of matter or not is still debated. Indeed a part of the tidal tail may be aligned with the line-of-sight, and the associated projection effect may result in apparent accumulations of matter that does not exist in the 3-D space. Using numerical simulations, we show that studying the large-scale kinematics of tails, it is possible to know whether these accumulations of matter are the result of projection effects or not. We conclude that several ones are genuine accumulations of matter. We also study the small-scale motions inside these regions: several small-scale velocity gradients are identified with projected values as large as 50-100 km/s accross the observed HII regions. In one system, the spatial resolution of our observations is sufficient to detail the velocity field; we show that it is rotating and self-gravitating, and discuss its dark matter content. The Fabry-Perot observations have thus enabled us to prove that some 10^9 Msun condensations of matter are real structures, and are kinematically decoupled from the rest of the tail. Such massive and self-gravitating objects are the progenitors of the so-called \'\'Tidal Dwarf Galaxies\'\'.
Nature of science as depicted in Turkish biology textbooks

Given the impact of textbooks on learning, this study assesses the five most frequently used secondary school biology textbooks in Turkey to examine the nature and the quality of treatment given to the nature of science. A qualitative oriented approach was employed and ethnographic content analysis was used as the methodological framework for this particular research. Data were analyzed by means of cognitive maps. The investigation revealed a number of serious problems with the way nature of science is portrayed in the textbooks. Science was generally portrayed as collection of facts, not as a dynamic process of generating and testing alternative explanations about nature. The authors of the textbooks often appeared not to understand the processes well enough to explain them to students and therefore presented various misleading and inadequate descriptions regarding scientific enterprise, similar to those revealed by research on science teachers' and students' understandings of science. Furthermore, some important aspects of science were found to be neglected by textbooks. The study discusses the future success of scientific literacy movement in Turkey and has implications for science education, science curriculum, and science teacher education in Turkey and other developing countries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed93: 422–447, 2009
Children's Attitudes toward Reading and Reading Interests

A sample of 1131 children from Grades 1 through 6 were asked about their attitudes toward reading and reading interests. Results show that (a) 70% of subjects liked reading, while 30% did not; (b) more girls than boys said that they liked reading; (c) children who liked reading also liked school, and vice versa; (d) in general, children were interested in reading books about animals, make-believe stories, mystery, people, and sports, though there were some variations between boys and girls and between younger and older children.
Designing Research for Application

Two distinct types of generalizability are identified in consumer research. One entails the application of specific effects, whereas the other entails the application of general scientific theory. Effects application and theory application rest on different philosophical assumptions, and have different methodological implications. A failure to respect these differences has led to much confusion, regarding issues such as the appropriateness of student subjects and laboratory settings. T here is always the expectation in conducting research that the findings ultimately will be useful in addressing situations beyond the one studied. Yet, there exists a concern that much of consumer research, and behavioral research in general, is not generalizable. It frequently is argued that research procedures, particularly the use of student subjects and laboratory settings, necessarily limit the application of findings. Underlying this contention is a failure to recognize that generalizability is not a single issue. Two distinct types of application may be identified in consumer research. The purpose of this paper is to examine the two types of application, and to specify their
Rotation-covariant texture analysis of 4D dual-energy CT as an indicator of local pulmonary perfusion

We propose rotation-covariant texture analysis of 4D dual- energy computed tomography (DECT) as a diagnosis aid tool for acute pulmonary embolism in emergency radiology. The cornerstone of the proposed approach is to align 3D Riesz directional filters along bronchovascular structures to enable rotation-covariant comparisons of the parenchymal texture. The latter is enabled using the steerability property of Riesz filterbanks. Blockwise classification of the parenchyma from all pulmonary lobes allowed a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.85, which suggests that the proposed approach can be successfully used to assist radiologists in DECT data interpretation.
Quantitative weight-of-evidence analysis of the persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential for long-range transport of the cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes

ABSTRACT Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMSs) are highly volatile and have an unusual combination of physicochemical properties, which are unlike those of halocarbon-based chemicals used to establish criteria for identification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that undergo long-range transport (LRT). A transparent quantitative weight of evidence (QWoE) evaluation was conducted to characterize their properties. Measurements of concentrations of cVMSs in the environment are challenging, but currently, concentrations measured in robust studies are all less than thresholds of toxicity. The cVMSs are moderately persistent in air with half-lives ≤11 d (greater than the criterion of 2 d) but these compounds partition into the atmosphere, the final sink. The cVMSs are rapidly degraded in dry soils, partition from wet soils into the atmosphere, and are not classifiable as persistent in soils. Persistence in water and sediment is variable, but the greatest concentrations in the environment are observed in sediments. Based upon the measurements that have been made in the environment, cVMSs should not be classified as persistent. Studies in food webs support a conclusion that the cVMSs do not biomagnify, a conclusion that is consistent with results of toxicokinetic studies. Concentrations in air in remote locations are small and deposition has not been detected. Taken together, evidence indicates that traditional measures of persistence and biomagnification used for legacy POP are not suitable for cVMS. Refined approaches used here suggest that cVMSs are not classifiable as persistent, bioaccumulative, or toxic. Further, these chemicals do not undergo LRT in the sense of legacy POPs.
Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behaviour in Delusional Disorder: A Clinical Overview

Background. Most of the existing studies suggest that suicide is one of the leading causes of premature death in patients with chronic psychotic disorders. However, very few studies have specifically investigated suicidal behaviour in patients with delusional disorder. Thus, our objective was to review the literature regarding the percentage of lifetime ideation and suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder in order to provide suggestions for clinical practice. Methods. MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched from January 1980 to September 2012 using the following keywords: delusional disorder, paranoia, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviour. Results. A total of 10 studies were identified and included in the review. The percentage of suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder was established between 8 and 21%, which is similar to schizophrenia. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were more frequent in patients showing persecutory and somatic delusions in the reviewed studies. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to specifically review the suicide phenomenon in patients with delusional disorder. Interestingly, our results support the notion that percentages of both suicidal ideation and behaviour in delusional disorder are similar to patients with schizophrenia.
Evaluation of four Narcissus cultivars as potential sources for galanthamine production.

Galanthamine, an alkaloid present in the Amaryllidaceae is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's. Common daffodils, Narcissus spp. , contain galanthamine and other alkaloids. Four commercial Narcissus cultivars were evaluated as potential sources of galanthamine. Planting depths, planting densities, bulb size or flower bud removal did not affect galanthamine content.
Toward Improved Employment Relations Practices of Casual Employees in the New South Wales Registered Clubs Industry

This research investigated the effects of casual work arrangements on employee job satisfaction and commitment in a segment of the hospitality sector in Australia. The authors surveyed a total of 454 casual employees: they interviewed 42 employees in a sample of clubs within the top two hundred registered clubs in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and 384 employees returned questionnaires from a sample of different clubs. For the interviews, the authors selected eighteen clubs using nonproportionate stratified sampling, the strata being small, medium, and large. The team conducted systematic random sampling of the clubs within each stratum. Using nonprobability accidental sampling, they then selected individual interviewees at the clubs. For the questionnaire survey, the sampling procedure was identical, but the team selected eighteen different clubs. Questionnaires were administered to all two thousand employees at these eighteen clubs. Because of a low response rate to the survey, the authors questioned an accidental sample of twenty casual employees, who admitted to not responding, in order to see whether their responses differed from those of the participants. The responses were very similar. Key findings suggest that casual employees experience varying levels of commitment and satisfaction according to their perceptions of work context factors such as training, promotion, work scheduling, management practices, and social integration. The authors encourage employers in highly casualized enterprises to involve and empower their casual employees, provide continuous feedback as well as behaviorally based formal performance appraisals, address the issue of training opportunities and program content for casual workers, and consider ways of developing their career paths.
ICESat measurement of Greenland ice sheet surface slope and roughness

Abstract The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) in its 8 day repeat orbit mode provided data not only on the along-track surface slope, but also on the cross-track surface slope from adjacent repeat ground tracks. During the first 36 days of operation, four to five such repeat orbits occurred within 1 km in the cross-track direction. This provided an opportunity to use ICESat data to measure surface slope in the cross-track direction at 1 km scale. An algorithm was developed to calculate the cross-track surface slope. Combining the slopes in the cross-track and along-track directions gives a three-dimensional surface slope at 1 km scale. The along-track surface slope and surface roughness at 10km scale are also calculated. A comparison between ICESat surface elevation and a European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS-1) 5 km digital elevation model shows a difference of 1–2 m in central Greenland where the surface slope is small, and >20m at the edge of Greenland where the surface slope is large. The large elevation difference at the edge is most likely due to the slope-induced error in radar altimeter measurement. Accurate surface slope data from ICESat will help to correct the slope-induced error of radar altimeter missions such as Geosat, ERS-1 and ERS-2.
Combating crime in public housing: A qualitative and quantitative longitudinal analysis of the Chicago Housing Authority's Anti-Drug Initiative

The Chicago Housing Authority's (CHA) notorious high-rise developments are among the most dangerous public housing in America. In the early 1990s, the CHA launched an ambitious attack on crime, a comprehensive and collaborative crime prevention program known as the Anti-Drug Initiative (ADI). From 1994 to 1996 we tracked conditions in three of the CHA's high-rise developments, assessing the agency's success in implementing the ADI programs in each site as well as tracking other, related interventions. Using a combination of surveys and qualitative research methods, we examined the impact of these programs through the eyes of the residents and other key actors, looking at various outcome measures related to crime and disorder. Our findings indicate some positive results, but follow-up research conducted in 1996 documented the fragility of these changes and their vulnerability to gang influence.