Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Changes of Lymphatic Contractility and Drainage Patterns following Lymphadenectomy in Mice

Objective To investigate the redirection of lymphatic drainage post-lymphadenectomy using non-invasive near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and to subsequently assess impact on metastasis. Background Cancer-acquired lymphedema arises from dysfunctional fluid transport after lymphadenectomy performed for staging and to disrupt drainage pathways for regional control of disease. However, little is known about the normal regenerative processes of the lymphatics in response to lymphadenectomy and how these responses can be accelerated, delayed, or can impact metastasis. Methods Changes in lymphatic “pumping” function and drainage patterns were non-invasively and longitudinally imaged using NIRF lymphatic imaging after popliteal lymphadenectomy in mice. In a cohort of mice, B16F10 melanoma was inoculated on the dorsal aspect of the paw 27 days after lymphadenectomy to assess how drainage patterns affect metastasis. Results NIRF imaging demonstrates that, although lymphatic function and drainage patterns change significantly in early response to popliteal lymph node (PLN) removal in mice, these changes are transient and regress dramatically due to a high regenerative capacity of the lymphatics and co-opting of collateral lymphatic pathways around the site of obstruction. Metastases followed the pattern of collateral pathways and could be detected proximal to the site of lymphadenectomy. Conclusions Both lymphatic vessel regeneration and co-opting of contralateral vessels occur following lymphadenectomy, with contractile function restored within 13 days, providing a basis for preclinical and clinical investigations to hasten lymphatic repair and restore contractile lymphatic function after surgery to prevent cancer-acquired lymphedema. Patterns of cancer metastasis after lymphadenectomy were altered, consistent with patterns of re-directed lymphatic drainage.
Killing acanthamoebae with polyaminopropyl biguanide: quantitation and kinetics

The two Acanthamoeba species most often implicated in corneal keratitis, A. castellanii and A. polyphaga, were exposed as cysts to polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB), a commonly used antimicrobial agent. Killing of amoeba cysts was rapid and extensive, with fewer than 2% of either species surviving 30 s of exposure to > or = 45 ppm of PAPB. Killing kinetics were biphasic, and further exposures of 15 min to 1 h killed greater than 90% of those surviving initial killing. This potency of PAPB, together with its low toxicity to humans when ingested or applied topically, underscores the potential of PAPB as an antiamoebic agent.
Emergency department diagnosis and treatment of traumatic hip dislocations in children under the age of 7 years: a 10-year review

Background and aims Traumatic hip dislocations (THD) are uncommon in children. They constitute true emergencies because unrecognised THD leads to avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. This review presents the evidence for best practice for the diagnosis and treatment of THD in the emergency department (ED) of children under the age of 7 years. Methods Searches for the period 2002–2012 were performed in PubMED, Cochrane database, EMBASE, Google Scholar and hand search. Results Twenty-five case reports and case series articles were identified, 53 described children with acute and 23 with neglected THD. Overall, 42 (55%) were male and 73 (96%) sustained a posterior dislocation. Forty-eight (63%) had THD following a low-energy trauma. Eight (11%) reported associated injuries. Twenty-one (39.6%) acute dislocations were reduced in the ED without complications. AVN was identified in 3 (5.7%) children, who underwent reduction ≥10 h after dislocation. Redislocation occurred in 3 (5.7%) children and coxa magna developed in 5 (9.4%). Long-term functional outcome of 42 patients resulted in full recovery, and it was fair to good in 3 (including 2 children with AVN). All neglected cases (≥4 weeks from trauma) needed open reduction in the operating room (OR). AVN was identified in 11 children (47.8%). Hip function was completely recovered in 16 (70%) patients. Conclusions THD in this age group mainly occurs with low-energy trauma and leads to posterior dislocations. Urgent closed reduction of acute cases are done in the OR, or the ED. ED reduction appears to be safe. Neglected THDs need open reduction.
Is Working Memory Involved in the Transcribing and Editing of Texts?

Generally, researchers agree that that verbal working memory plays an important role in cognitive processes involved in writing. However, there is disagreement about which cognitive processes make use of working memory. Kellogg has proposed that verbal working memory is involved in translating but not in editing or producing (i.e., typing) text. In this study, the authors used articulatory suppression, a technique that reduces working memory to explore this question. Twenty participants transcribed six texts from one computer window to another, three of the texts with articulatory suppression and three without. When participants were in the articulatory suppression condition, they transcribed significantly more slowly and made significantly more errors than they did in the control condition. Implications for Kellogg’s proposal are discussed.
The reactivity of serum against protoplasts and spheroplasts.

The bactericidal effects requiring the participation of the antibody-complement system affect many Gram-negative species. The Gram-positive organisms are, on the contrary, resistant to this system. The results of this study have indicated that the resistance of Gram-positive species may be associated with their comparatively thick cell walls since protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis may be destroyed by the antibody-complement system. Such protoplasts are more sensitive to basic substances in serum, unrelated to the β-lysins, whose activity has no serologic basis. As in the situation with Gram-positive bacteria, when Paracolobacterium ballerup, an organism which is usually quite resistant to complement, was converted to spheroplasts by penicillin, those forms were as sensitive to the action of complement as spheroplasts derived from other complement sensitive Gram-negative organisms. It appears, therefore, that the anatomical target of complement in bacteria, as well as in mammalian cells lacking cell walls, is the cell membrane. Cell walls, and possibly capsules, of complement resistant bacteria may interfere with the function of complement and thereby protect them against potentially destructive effects against their susceptible membranes.
Subcellular Localization and Light-Regulated Expression of Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase and Ferrochelatase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 1

Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the last common step in chlorophyll and heme synthesis, and ferrochelatase (FeC) catalyzes the last step of the heme synthesis pathway. In plants, each of these two enzymes is encoded by two or more genes, and the enzymes have been reported to be located in the chloroplasts or in the mitochondria. We report that in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , PPO and FeC are each encoded by a single gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that C. reinhardtii PPO and FeC are most closely related to plant counterparts that are located only in chloroplasts. Immunoblotting results suggest that C. reinhardtii PPO and FeC are targeted exclusively to the chloroplast, where they are associated with membranes. These results indicate that cellular needs for heme in this photosynthetic eukaryote can be met by heme that is synthesized in the chloroplast. It is proposed that the multiplicity of genes for PPO and FeC in higher plants could be related to differential expression in differently developing tissues rather than to targeting of different gene products to different organelles. The FeC content is higher in C. reinhardtii cells growing in continuous light than in cells growing in the dark, whereas the content of PPO does not signiﬁcantly differ in light- and dark-grown cells. In cells synchronized to a light/dark cycle, the level of neither enzyme varied signiﬁcantly with the phase of the cycle. These results indicate that heme synthesis is not directly regulated by the levels of PPO and FeC in C. reinhardtii .
Dipyridamole-Associated Headache in Stroke Patients – Interindividual Differences?

Background: Secondary pharmacological prevention of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often provided with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), dipyridamole (DP) or a combination of the two. A problem with DP is the occurrence of headache, sometimes leading to medication cessation. By using a titration regime of DP the incidence of headache gets lower. However, there are no studies on interindividual differences in the incidence of headache with regard to age, gender, localization of stroke and the number of days since stroke onset. Method: 20 stroke units in Sweden recruited newly diagnosed stroke and TIA patients in need for thrombocyte antiaggregating therapy. They were offered a titration regime of the combination ASA 25 mg + DP 200 mg once daily for 5 days followed by twice daily. Baseline characteristics of the patients were recorded and headache symptoms were filled in by each patient in a diary for 10 consecutive days. Rescue medication with paracetamol was optional. Results: 174 ischemic stroke patients with a mean age of 70.3 years, 63% men and 37% women, were recruited. Headache of any kind was reported in 70 patients (40.2%) and 37 (21.3%) assessed the headache as moderate/severe. Six patients stopped medication due to headache. A subsiding character of the headache was found with a mean of 3.1 days. Patients with TIA had a significantly higher risk of getting headache compared to manifest stroke, regardless of localization. There was a trend towards higher risk in younger age groups and females. No effect was seen on the number of days since stroke onset. Conclusion: DP is often associated with subsiding headache, however, with only few patients stopping medication due to headache. Being a younger female with a TIA seems to increase the risk of getting headache when having DP medication. Careful and adequate information about the possibly occurring headache should be given to patients prescribed a DP medication in order to increase compliance and optimize the pharmacological secondary stroke prevention.
XENOPHOBIA TOWARDS PALESTINIAN CITIZENS OF ISRAEL AMONG RUSSIAN IMMIGRANTS IN ISRAEL: HEIGHTENED BY FAILURE TO MAKE GAINS IN A NEW DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY*

This study advances a comprehensive analysis of the antecedents of xenophobia towards Palestinian citizens of Israel among Israeli immigrants from the former Soviet Union in comparison to nonimmigrant Jewish Israelis. We conducted a large-scale study of xenophobia in the face of terrorism in Israel by means of telephone surveys in September 2003 and analyzed a sample of 641 nonimmigrant Jewish Israelis and 131 immigrants. Findings obtained via interaction analyses and structural equation modeling show that a) immigrants are more xenophobic than nonimmigrant Jewish Israelis ; b) authoritarianism predicts xenophobia both among immigrants and non-immigrants; c) support for extreme right-wing political tendencies, as well as perceived psychosocial loss in response to terror, account for a significant portion of the variance in xenophobia, but only among nonimmigrant Jewish Israelis; and, finally, d) failure to undergo posttraumatic growth in response to terrorism (e.g., finding meaning in life, becoming closer to others) is a significant predictor of xenophobia only among immigrants. Results suggest that immigrant xenophobia is more a product of their experience of being immigrants, whereas nonimmigrant Jewish Israelis are more impacted by personal and social characteristics and their experiences when facing terrorism.
Gendered practices of constructing an engineering identity in a problem-based learning environment

This article examines the learning experiences of engineering students of both genders in a problem-based and project-organized learning environment (PBL) at a Danish university. This study relates an amalgam of theories on learning and gender to the context of engineering education. Based on data from a qualitative study of an electrical and electronics engineering study programme, this study found that studying engineering in a PBL environment involves not only the mastery of technological knowledge but also an engineering identity development process. However, the association of an engineering identity with masculinity and the culturally defined engineering competencies leads to different learning experiences for male and female students. The nature of hard-core engineering subjects, based on male interests, privileges men and acts as a barrier to women. The masculine culture in engineering communities of practice involves more effort in identity management for women students than their male peers.
PREVALENCE OF STUNTING AND THINNESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN RURAL AREA OF BANGLADESH

The primary causes of undernutrition in Bangladesh are its poverty, large population, socio-economic differences and inadequate access to health facilities. Adolescent are the most susceptible group for under nutrition and having great implication as they will be parent in future. Studies on the assessment of nutritional status of adolescents are less in number and have great implication for intervention. The present cross-sectional investigation evaluates the prevalence of undernutrition among rural adolescents (10 years - 17 years) from Chowhali subdistrict, Serajgonj, Bangladesh.The present investigation was conducted among 726 rural school-going adolescents (376 boys and 350 girls) belonging to the rural Muslim and Hindu communities. The nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry in terms of stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age below 5th percentile). The prevalence of stunting and thinness were high and estimated to be 46.6% and 42.4% respectively. The prevalence of stunting was estimated among boys (43.1%) and girls (50.3%) (p>0.05). Incase of boys of 17 years (63.6% )and girls of age 15years (70%) prevalence is the highest. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of girls were more than the boys (16.8 Â± 3.4 kg/m2 and 15.9 Â± 2.1 kg/m2 respectively). The prevalence of thinness among boys (32.0) was more than the girls (32.0). The prevalence of thinness and stunting is high in the study area. Gender is a significant demographic factor of undernurition in the study area. Nutritional intervention and communication is necessary to improve their nutritional status.
The Wisconsin Wrestling Minimal Weight Project: Cross-Validation of Prediction Equations

Wisconsin has mandated minimal weight (MW) testing for high school wrestlers. In preparation, six MW predictions were cross-validated on 69 Wisconsin wrestlers (age 15.7±1.1 yrs, height 169.2±6.3 cm, weight 63.3±8.1 kg, percent fat 11.2±4.7%, and MW 58.9±6.9 kg). Minimal weight, defined as fat-free body/. 93, determined by hydrostatic weighing (HW) and residual volume using 02 dilution, served as the criterion. Analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, statistically significant but clinically small (<1.3 kg) differences were shown in four of six predictions. Lohman 1, Lohman2, and Katch equations appear more appropriate with smaller mean differences, smaller total error, and higher correlations.
Modeling and Optimization of Photosynthetic Hydrogen Gas Production by Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in Sulfur‐Deprived Circumstance

Biological hydrogen production by the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under sulfur‐deprived conditions has attracted great interest due to the fundamental and practical importance of the process. The photosynthetic hydrogen production rate is dependent on various factors such as strain type, nutrient composition, temperature, pH, and light intensity. In this study, physicochemical factors affecting biological hydrogen production by C. reinhardtii were evaluated with response surface methodology (RSM). First, the maximum specific growth rate of the alga associated with simultaneous changes of ammonium, phosphate, and sulfate concentrations in the culture medium were investigated. The optimum conditions were determined as NH4+ 8.00 mM, PO43− 1.11 mM, and SO42− 0.79 mM in Tris‐acetate‐phosphate (TAP) medium. The maximum specific growth rate with the optimum nutrient concentrations was 0.0373 h−1. Then, the hydrogen production rate of C. reinhardtii under sulfur‐deprivation conditions was investigated by simultaneously changing two nutrient concentrations and pH in the medium. The maximum hydrogen production was 2.152 mL of H2 for a 10‐mL culture of alga with density of 6 × 106 cells mL−1 for 96 h under conditions of NH4+ 9.20 mM, PO43− 2.09 mM, and pH 7.00. The obtained hydrogen production rate was approximately 1.55 times higher than that with the typical TAP medium under sulfur deficiency.
Smoking, Drugging and Drinking in Top Rated TV Series

An analysis of the top ten prime time fictional series from the 1979–80 television season indicates a near complete absence of smoking and illicit drug incidents. By contrast, the offering and consumption of alcoholic beverages is markedly larger than found in prior studies which did not separate out top-rated programs from lesser viewed shows. The incidence of alcohol consumption for the top ten shows at the end of the season ranged from 3 to 16.5 incidents per program hour. A parallel analysis of the two top-rated soap operas for the season yielded a lower drinking rate and a similar absence of smoking and drug incidents.
Predictors of hospital mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with acute lung injury*

Objective:Studies describing predictors of mortality in patients with acute lung injury were primarily derived from selected academic centers. We sought to determine the predictors of mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with acute lung injury and to characterize the performance of current severity of illness scores in this population. Design:Secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, population-based cohort. Setting:Twenty-one hospitals in Washington State. Patients:The cohort included 1,113 patients with acute lung injury identified during the year 1999–2000. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We evaluated physiology, comorbidities, risk factors for acute lung injury, and other variables for their association with death at hospital discharge. Bivariate predictors of death were entered into a multiple logistic regression model. We compared Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, APACHE III, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II to the multivariable model using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The model was validated in an independent cohort of 886 patients with acute lung injury. Modified acute physiology score, age, comorbidities, arterial pH, minute ventilation, Paco2, Pao2/Fio2 ratio, intensive care unit admission source, and intensive care unit days before onset of acute lung injury were independently predictive of in-hospital death (p < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the multivariable model was superior to that of APACHE III (.81 vs. .77, p < .001) but was no different after external validation (.71 vs. .70, p = .64). Conclusions:The predictors of mortality in patients with acute lung injury are similar to those predictive of mortality in the general intensive care unit population, indicating disease heterogeneity within this cohort. Accordingly, APACHE III predicts mortality in acute lung injury as well as a model using variables selected specifically for patients with acute lung injury.
Survey of implant experience by prosthodontists in the United States.

PURPOSE The paper presents results of a survey of members of the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) conducted to determine experiences and practices with dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary survey questions regarding the prosthetic and surgical use of dental implants were developed. The master list of questions was distributed to communities of interest to establish the most pertinent items of interest. The final questionnaire was distributed to all members of the ACP living or practicing in the United States and members engaged in the U.S. armed services. Responses were compiled and analyzed to determine correlation of responses using the chi-squared test for count data (level of significance alpha = 0.05). Fisher's exact test was applied to all significant responses. RESULTS Surveys were distributed to 1815 ACP members. A total of 554 (31%) surveys were completed. On the basis of age distribution of survey respondents, it was determined that the respondents were representative of the ACP membership. The majority of the respondents (82%; CI, 79% to 85%) treat patients with implant-supported prostheses, while 12% (CI, 10% to 15%) surgically place implants. Of those not placing implants, 24% reported a desire to place implants, while 43% of all respondents expressed a desire for an ACP-sponsored course in implant placement. Increased age of the prosthodontist correlated negatively with a desire to place implants (p < 0.0001). Dissatisfaction with implant placement by others correlates with willingness to surgically place implants (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Most prosthodontists (82%) use implant-supported prostheses in their practices, but most of the implants are placed by non-prosthodontists. There is general satisfaction with implant placement regardless of the specialty of the practitioner placing the implants. Younger prosthodontists expressed a greater desire to surgically place implants but were not statistically more likely to do so.