Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging Technology

UHA recognizes the increasing availability of novel devices, advanced technology, and evolving procedures which employ these new instruments, techniques, and implantable materials. UHA endorses processes which lead to safe, appropriate, and cost-effective adoption of the techniques and materials. Examples of this include the application of robotics and certain minimal access approaches to a variety of operative procedures, emerging endovascular techniques, and refinements in imaging. In many cases, the relative advantages or weaknesses of new methods and/or materials can take years to be adequately defined. Despite this fact, direct marketing to the lay public, the acquisition of equipment by providers (institutional and individual), and a competitive marketplace can all drive a process of introduction, evaluation, and clinical application, which may prove to be too rapid or insufficiently scholarly to achieve the goals of safety, appropriateness, and cost effectiveness.
Association between dental caries and age specific body mass index in Hilla city , Babylon province , Iraq

Youth weight is expanding quickly overall and is a standout amongst the most genuine general wellbeing difficulties of the 21 st century. The issue is consistently influencing some low-and center wage nations, especially in urban settings and its commonness is expanded at a disturbing rate. Obesity has been linked to dental carries; however, enough controversy existed in the available published articles to permit conduction of the current study. To study correlation between bodies mass index and dmfs score in a sample of school age children. This cross-sectional study included 56 school kids (23 male and 33 female) were chosen randomly and the study was carried out in Hilla city, Babylon province, Iraq. The duration of sample collection extended from January 2018 through April 2018. Inclusion criteria included any child with an age of 7 to 11 years, primary school age in Iraq, whereas exclusion criteria included any child with age younger or older than the specified age, with history of chronic illness or with history of congenital abnormality affecting normal dentition. Oral examination and assessment of dental health was assessed according to decayed, filled, missed and surface (dmfs) index. There was no significant difference in dmfs scores between male and female children, 18 (8) versus 17 (7), respectively, (p > 0.05). Median dmfs score in all children was 18 (7). There was no significant difference in mean BMI between male and female children, 26.35 ± 6.39 kg/m versus 25.96 ± 6.01 kg/m, respectively (p > 0.05). There was highly significant correlation between BMI and dmfs score (r = 0.899; p <0.001; R = 0.789). There is significant correlation between increasing weight and dental caries in school age children. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(1): 156-159)
Courants tropicaux complexes ( Complex Tropical currents )

To a tropical p-cycle VT in R n, we naturally associate a closed (p, p)-dimensional current of order zero on (C) denoted by T p n (VT). Such a “tropical current” T p n (VT) cannot be an integration current along any analytic set since its support has the form Log (VT) ⊂ (C ∗)n, where Log is the coordinate-wise valuation with log(|.|). We provide sufficient (local) conditions on a tropical p-cycle such that its associated tropical current is “strongly extremal” in D′ p,p((C ∗)n). In particular, if these conditions hold for the effective cycles, then the associated currents are extremal in the cone of strongly positive closed currents of bidimension (p, p) on (C). Next we explain how to extend the currents and the extremality results to CP. Further, we demonstrate how to use the intersection theory of currents to derive an intersection theory for the underlying tropical cycles. The explicit calculations will be established by using a formula for the real Monge-Ampère measure of a tropical polynomial. Moreover, since such tropical currents are obtained by an averaging of integration currents on toric sets, an equality between toric intersection multiplicities and the tropical multiplicities is readily settled. Finally, we explain certain relations between approximation problems of tropical cycles by amoebas of algebraic cycles and approximations of the associated currents by positive multiples of integration currents along analytic cycles. It will be discussed how these approximation problems are related to a stronger formulation of the celebrated Hodge conjecture.
Harmony in Motion

Cross-modal analysis offers information beyond that extracted from individual modalities. Consider a camcorder having a single microphone in a cocktail-party: it captures several moving visual objects which emit sounds. A task for audio-visual analysis is to identify the number of independent audio-associated visual objects (AVOs), pinpoint the AVOs' spatial locations in the video and isolate each corresponding audio component. Part of these problems were considered by prior studies, which were limited to simple cases, e.g., a single AVO or stationary sounds. We describe an approach that seeks to overcome these challenges. It acknowledges the importance of temporal features that are based on significant changes in each modality. A probabilistic formalism identifies temporal coincidences between these features, yielding cross-modal association and visual localization. This association is of particular benefit in harmonic sounds, as it enables subsequent isolation of each audio source. We demonstrate this in challenging experiments, having multiple, simultaneous highly nonstationary AVOs.
Integrin Promotes Entry o f the Bacteria into Mammal ian Cells

Shigella is a genus of highly adapted bacterial pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery in humans. Bacteria reaching the colon invade intestinal epithehal cells by a process of bacterial-directed endocytosis mediated by the Ipa proteins: IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD of Shigella. The invasion of epithelial cells is thought to be a receptor-mediated phenomenon, although the cellular components of the host that interact with the Ipa proteins have not yet been identified. We report here that in a Shigellaflexneri invasive system and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell monolayers, the Ipa proteins were capable of interacting directly with oL5131 integrin. The invasive capacity of S. flexneri for C H O cells increased as levels of cx5131 integrin were elevated. When CHO cells were infected with S. flexneri, the tyrosine phosphorylation both o fpp 125 F~, an integrin-regulated 125 K focal adhesion kinase, and of paxillin was stimulated. In contrast, an isogenic strain of S. flexneri that was defective in invasion owing to a mutation in its spa32 gene failed to induce such phosphorylation. Under in vitro and in vivo conditions, the released IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD proteins bound to ot5[~ 1 integrin in a manner different from that of soluble fibronectin but similar to that of the tissue form of fibronectin. At the site of attachment of S. flexneri to C H O cells, ot5131 integrin converged with polymerization of actin. These data thus suggest that the capacity oflpa proteins to interact with o~5151 integrin may be an important Shigella factor in triggering the reorganization of actin cytoskeletons.
Corporate Governance and its Impact on Profitability of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Pakistan

This paper examines the relationship between corporate governance and profitability of the national and multinational pharmaceutical firms in Pakistan. Corporate Governance has extensively debatable topic for researchers, corporate managers, financial analyst, academicians and strategists. This study has measured corporate governance dimensions in terms of board size, independent director, board committees, board remuneration, and firm size. whereas, profitability of the pharmaceutical firms are measured in terms of return on assets, return on equity and return on sales. The result of this study exhibits that board size, independent director, board committees, board remuneration and firm size are positively associated with corporate performance. By and large corporate governance has a strong impact on the corporate performance. Thus, the study has concluded that corporate governance has a strong significant impact on the profitability of the pharmaceutical firms in Pakistan.
Energy-Aware Group LBS Using D2D Offloading and M2M-Based Mobile Proxy Handoff Mechanisms Over the Mobile Converged Networks

Since smart phones are always equipped with both cellular and Wi-Fi interfaces, this paper exploits the feasibility of the Wi-Fi-based device-to-device offloading mechanism to reduce cellular traffic. In our group location-based service (LBS) scenario, a group of users travel outdoors together and utilize their smart phones to form a mobile converged network, which is composed of cellular and Wi-Fi networks, to download and share the neighboring LBS data. Due to the wide-range coverage of the cellular network and the keeping-moving characteristic of users, one of these smart phones is selected to play the role of mobile proxy to download the shared LBS data using its cellular interface and then disseminate to other members using multicast over the Wi-Fi network, in which one adaptive FEC mechanism is adopted to tackle the packet loss situation. Besides, a user-transparent machine-to-machine-based mobile proxy handoff mechanism is devised such that each smart phone can play the role of mobile proxy alternately to evenly consume each smart phone's power and thus extend the service time of the group LBS scenario. That is, the proposed offloading mechanism not only offloads the cellular network traffic but also reduces the power consumption.
EVALUATION OF GUINEAGRASS ( Panicum maximum JACQ ) HYBRIDS IN BRAZIL

Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) is responsible for a high percentage of cattle finishing and milk production in Brazil, but presents problems of pasture degradability due to high soil fertility requirements and uneven production distribution. In order to search for new varieties to reduce these problems, over four hundred apomictic accessions of guineagrass and several sexual plants were introduced to Brazil in 1982. Agronomic evaluation took place at the National Beef Cattle Research Center of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Beef Cattle), in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Breeding of the apomictic species began in 1990 using sexual x apomictic crosses. Three sexual plants and five apomictic accessions were used in the crosses. Seventy-nine hybrids were evaluated in small plots, for forage yield, regrowth after cuts, flowering and vigor during three years. The best families were identified for each characteristic evaluated. Multivariate analysis using principal components grouped the hybrids into six clusters according to their production. Due to superior performance, hybrids in groups 6 and 2 (22 hybrids) were indicated for future regional trials in small plot evaluations and grazing studies, aiming at releasing new cultivars for pasture diversification in Brazil.
The Developmental Stage of Dentate Granule Cells Dictates Their Contribution to Seizure-Induced Plasticity

Dentate granule cell (DGC) neurogenesis persists throughout life in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In rodent temporal lobe epilepsy models, status epilepticus (SE) stimulates neurogenesis, but many newborn DGCs integrate aberrantly and are hyperexcitable, whereas others may integrate normally and restore inhibition. The overall influence of altered neurogenesis on epileptogenesis is therefore unclear. To better understand the role DGC neurogenesis plays in seizure-induced plasticity, we injected retroviral (RV) reporters to label dividing DGC progenitors at specific times before or after SE, or used x-irradiation to suppress neurogenesis. RV injections 7 weeks before SE to mark DGCs that had matured by the time of SE labeled cells with normal placement and morphology 4 weeks after SE. RV injections 2 or 4 weeks before seizure induction to label cells still developing during SE revealed normally located DGCs exhibiting hilar basal dendrites and mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) when observed 4 weeks after SE. Cells labeled by injecting RV after SE displayed hilar basal dendrites and ectopic migration, but not sprouting, at 28 d after SE; when examined 10 weeks after SE, however, these cells showed robust MFS. Eliminating cohorts of newborn DGCs by focal brain irradiation at specific times before or after SE decreased MFS or hilar ectopic DGCs, supporting the RV labeling results. These findings indicate that developing DGCs exhibit maturation-dependent vulnerability to SE, indicating that abnormal DGC plasticity derives exclusively from aberrantly developing DGCs. Treatments that restore normal DGC development after epileptogenic insults may therefore ameliorate epileptogenic network dysfunction and associated morbidities.
Measure of the Norms Related to Violence against Women and their Influences on Women Autonomy in Rural Africa : A Multicountry Analysis

The autonomy of the woman emerges more and more as a central and separate dimension to consider in understanding the behavior of health care use (Malhotra and Schuler 2005; Norman and Conner 2005). Several authors have highlighted its influence on the use of maternal health care in developing countries (Ahmed et al. 2010; Bloom, Wypij and Das Gupta 2001; Kamiya 2011; Pallikadavath, Foss and Stones 2004). Defined as the ability of the women to control resources and decisions that affect them and to act independently of the control of men or society (Caldwell and Caldwell 1993; Jejeebhoy 1995; Mason 1987), autonomy therefore allows women to take care of themselves and of their offspring in the direction that suits them. It is also shown that they take better care of children compared to men if resource management is theirs.
New Cramér-Rao bound expressions for coprime and other sparse arrays

The Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) offers a lower bound on the variances of unbiased estimates of parameters, e.g., directions of arrival (DOA) in array processing. While there exist landmark papers on the study of the CRB in the context of array processing, the closed-form expressions available in the literature are not easy to use in the context of sparse arrays (such as minimum redundancy arrays (MRAs), nested arrays, or coprime arrays) for which the number of identifiable sources D exceeds the number of sensors N. Under such situations, the existing literature does not spell out the conditions under which the Fisher information matrix is nonsingular, or the condition under which specific closed-form expressions for the CRB remain valid. This paper derives a new expression for the CRB to fill this gap. The conditions for validity of this expression are expressed as the rank condition of a matrix defined based on the difference coarray. The rank condition and the closed-form expression lead to a number of new insights. For example, it is possible to prove the previously known experimental observation that, when there are more sources than sensors, the CRB stagnates to a constant value as the SNR tends to infinity.
Comparison of Microbial Community Compositions of Injection and Production Well Samples in a Long-Term Water-Flooded Petroleum Reservoir

Water flooding plays an important role in recovering oil from depleted petroleum reservoirs. Exactly how the microbial communities of production wells are affected by microorganisms introduced with injected water has previously not been adequately studied. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach and 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, the comparison of microbial communities is carried out between one injection water and two production waters collected from a working block of the water-flooded Gudao petroleum reservoir located in the Yellow River Delta. DGGE fingerprints showed that the similarities of the bacterial communities between the injection water and production waters were lower than between the two production waters. It was also observed that the archaeal composition among these three samples showed no significant difference. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries showed that the dominant groups within the injection water were Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia, while the dominant groups in the production waters were Gammaproteobacteria and Methanobacteria. Only 2 out of 54 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 5 out of 17 archaeal OTUs in the injection water were detected in the production waters, indicating that most of the microorganisms introduced by the injection water may not survive to be detected in the production waters. Additionally, there were 55.6% and 82.6% unique OTUs in the two production waters respectively, suggesting that each production well has its specific microbial composition, despite both wells being flooded with the same injection water.
Exploring Imaging in Oscillatory Resonance AFM Modes : Backgrounds and Applications

In this operation the AFM probe is driven into oscillation at its resonant frequency. A drop of the probe amplitude, which is caused by tip-sample interactions, is used to track the surface profile. This amplitude modulation (AM) mode has been further expanded by recording the phase changes, which provide the image contrast distinguishing the dissimilar components of heterogeneous materials. For more than 20 years, AM mode with phase imaging has been the primary AFM method for applications in air and under liquid.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK BY EMPLOYEES IN HAZARDOUS WORKPLACES

Employees in hazardous industries are constantly faced with judging amounts of risk and behaving in accordance with these judged amounts. Much of the current knowledge about risk taking behaviour is based on gambling studies and the psychometric tradition. However, these methodologies may be of limited usefulness to issues relating to occupational health and safety. In this study, repertory grids have been used to elicit the constructs used by workers to describe risky situations. The results show that the dimensions that influence workers perceptions of risk differ according to the nature of the workplace. These constructs were then used to form the dimensions for a Judgement Analysis which models the combination and weighting of factors which influence the assessment of amount of risk by the employees. Results indicate that there is a large degree of variation in the amount of emphasis placed on the different constructs used to make judgements of the amount of risk in hazardous work situations by different employees. Implications for Safety Programs are discussed. Employees in many industrial contexts are constantly faced with hazardous situations. Safety programs are implemented to reduce risks for workers by removing hazards where possible and where it is not, by encouraging workers to use safe practices. As a safety program can only be as effective as the individuals who use it, accident prevention programs must attempt to identify the reasons that employees use unsafe behaviour (Peters, 1991). The individual’s perception of risk is the critical antecedent to risk taking behaviour (Glendon & McKenna, 1995). The individual must first identify and evaluate risks before making the decision to accept those risks or to attempt to minimise them. This study explores the factors which influence individual perceptions of risk by modelling what cues are used and how they are weighted and combined to judge amount of risk.
Satellite decay in flattened dark matter haloes

We carry out a set of self-consistent N-body calculations to compare the decay rates of satellite dwarf galaxies orbiting a disc galaxy embedded in a dark matter halo (DMH). We consider both spherical and oblate axisymmetric DMHs of aspect ratio qh = 0.6. The satellites are given different initial orbital inclinations, orbital periods and mass. The live flattened DMHs with embedded discs and bulges are set-up using a new fast algorithm, MaGalie (Boily, Kroupa & Penarrubia 2001). We find that the range of survival times of satellites within a flattened DMH becomes � 100% larger than the same satellites within a spherical DMH. In the oblate DMH, satellites on polar orbits have the longest survival time, whereas satellites on coplanar prograde orbits are destroyed most rapidly. The orbital plane of a satellite tilts as a result of anisotropic dynamical friction, causing the satellite's orbit to align with the plane of symmetry of the DMH. Polar orbits are not subjected to alignment. Therefore the decay of a satellites in an axisymmetric DMH may provide a natural explanation for the observed lack of satellites within 0 30 ◦ of their host galaxy's disc (Holmberg 1969; Zaritsky & Gonzalez 1999). The computations furthermore indicate that the evolution of the orbital eccen- tricity e is highly dependent of its initial value e(t = 0) and the DMH's shape. We also discuss some implications of flattened DMHs for satellite debris streams.
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND EFFECT OF COOKING, DRYING AND STORAGE PROCESS ON SOME FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF RHYNCHOPHORUS PHOENICIS

The proximate composition, amino acid composition, and effects of drying, storage and cooking processing on physicochemical properties of Rhynchophorus phoenicis (RP) flour consumed in Cameroon were determined. Results showed that the proximate composition fluctuated in samples with a protein content of 67.09 % for larvae flour. The moisture content recorded for this insect was about 60%. The ash and carbohydrate contents of defatted flours were 2.7% and 17.56% respectively. The hyperbolic kinetics of dehydration showed that the sun was a slow process of dehydration (6 days were required for the complete elimination of water) while the electric drying at 50°C and smoking were relatively rapid processes of dehydration. Processing of insects greatly increases protein solubility. The analysis of functional properties revealed that roasting and grilling of larvae led to a decrease in water absorption capacity. In contrast to the boiling and grilling which maintained water absorption capacity at 3.5 ml/g, culinary treatments (smoking) increased the solubility of proteins, and decreased oil absorption capacities to values that are still higher than 0.7 and 0.9 ml/g needed in food formulation. The effect of pH (1�12) on the proteins showed that a maj ority of proteins are soluble in alkaline pH and there are more than two proteins in RP larvae flours with iso� electric point of 4 and 8. Protein solubility was pH dependent, and increased at pH 7and 8.
Devanagari Script Segmentation using Support Vector Machines

In this paper a novel method for Devanagari handwriting segmentation using Support Vector Machines is proposed. Given a handwritten Devanagari script, the purpose is to segment is and recognize the characters . This uses to large extent the knowledge of what the character is, the system can be easily extended into a handwriting recognizer. We use several preprocessing algorithms to refine the search method. All text lines are extracted with the shirorekha removed and then broken into constituting words using a simple connectivity test algorithm. The characters within a word are identified and segmented using a polynomial kernel based Support Vector Machines. Further heuristics are used to recheck the segments obtained.