Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydraulics, morphology, and energy dissipation in an alpine step‐pool channel

To investigate the relationship between hydraulics and channel morphology in step‐pool channels, we combined three‐dimensional velocity measurements with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and topographic surveys in a steep step‐pool channel, the Rio Cordon, Italy. Measurements were organized around step, pool, and tread units and occurred within a range of 36%–57% of bankfull discharges. As flow moved from steps to their downstream pools in our study reach, an average of approximately two thirds of the total energy was dissipated, as measured by relative head loss through step‐pool sequences. Much of this head loss was achieved by elevation (potential energy) loss rather than velocity reductions. Although an overall, expected pattern of flow acceleration toward step crests and deceleration in pools was present, pool velocities were high, especially where upstream step crests were irregular and where residual pool depths were low. Many steps were porous or “leaky,” with irregular cross‐channel bed and water surface topography, producing high‐velocity jets and less flow resistance than channel‐spanning dammed steps. Longitudinal variations in hydraulics are thus often overshadowed by lateral variations arising from morphologic complexities. Velocity and turbulence characteristics in the Rio Cordon show marked differences from data we have collected in a more stable and wood‐rich channel in the Colorado Rockies, in which “ponded” steps are more prevalent and pools are slower and more turbulent. Comparison of these channels illustrates that step‐pool structure and hydraulics are strongly influenced by flow regime, sediment supply, lithology, time since the last step‐forming flood, and availability of in‐stream wood.
Studies of diffusional mixing in rotating drums via computer simulations

Particle diffusion in rotating drums is studied via computer simulations using a full 3-D model which does not involve any arbitrary input parameters. The diffusion coefficient for single-component systems agrees qualitatively with previous experimental results. On the other hand, the diffusion coefficient for two-component systems is shown to be a highly nonlinear function of the rotation velocity. It is suggested that this results from a competition between the diffusive motion parallel to, and flowing motion perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
IBU SEBAGAI MADRASAH DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK

Mother is an important â€œschoolâ€ in constructing childrenâ€™s integrity. Besides, she acts as a central figure that must be imitated through directions of good deeds. To achieve the values, as to inculcate good behavior in family and society, hence, mothers need to concern on their children from the early childhood on every negative attitude arise such as arrogant and proud which must be cured immediately. If the characters being maintained, then, in times to come their attitudes tend to not listen to the good advices and they do not want to engage in another good group. In this case, the influence is not only from societal environment but also family. Moreover, if they live in the broken familywhere in which inharmonic sphere and does not colored by Islamic values, then, their psychological aspects will be destructed and far away from Islamic values. To solve this problem, mother is as an important figure to make her family peace for their children succeed in the future lives.
Influence of Resistance Exercise Volume on Serum Growth Hormone and Cortisol Concentrations in Women

Ten eumenorrheic women (age 24.1 ± 4.3) performed 2 randomly assigned heavy-resistance exercise protocols (HREP) on separate days during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Multiple-set (MS) HREP consisted of 3 sets of 10 RM of 8 resistance exercises with a I-min rest between exercises and sets. Single-set (55) HREP consisted of 1 set of 10 RM of the same 8 exercises in the same order, with I-min rest between consecutive exercises. 55 total work was about onethird that of the MS. Immunoreactive serum growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and blood lactate were measured pre- and postexercise (0, 15, and 30 min). The MS produced significant (p < 0.05) increases in serum GH and cortisol above resting levels at all postexercise times. The 55 significantly increased serum GH at 15 min postexercise, and cortisol at 0 and 15 min postexercise. Both protocols yielded Significant increases in blood lactate above rest at all postexercise times. The MS produced the most significant hormonal and metabolic responses, indicating that exercise volume may be an important factor in hormonal and metabolic mechanisms related to resistance exercise in women.
The impact of potential new diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Australia

Objective: The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) has proposed new criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of GDM when IADPSG criteria were used with the prevalence when the current Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS) criteria were used.
Walnut extract exhibits anti-fatigue action via improvement of exercise tolerance in mice

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of walnut extract (WE) on forced swimming capacity in mice. Twenty-eight male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups, a vehicle control (VC) or one of three WE administered groups (300, 600 and 900 mg/kg/day). WE was orally administered to mice once a day for 4 weeks, during which time a forced swimming test was conducted once a week. The vehicle control group was given a corresponding volume of sterile distilled water. After 4 weeks, the forced swimming capacity and levels of blood lactate, glucose, glutamine, ammonia and triacylglycerol, and liver glycogen were measured. In the WE administration group (600 and 900 mg/kg) the maximum swimming time increased significantly when compared with the vehicle control group. WE (600 and 900 mg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of lactate andammonia and increased the blood glutamine levels and liver glycogen content after forced swimming relative to the vehicle control group. The results of this study demonstrated the anti-fatigue effects of WE in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of WE at 600 and 900 mg/kg were similar. Overall, these results suggest that walnut has anti-fatigue activity and could elevate exercise tolerance.
Coronary angiography following acute myocardial infarction in Ontario, Canada.

BACKGROUND The role of scientific evidence in shaping recommendations on capacity targets and cardiovascular technology utilization is unclear. METHODS The temporal growth in the use of coronary angiography services and the use of statins after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was determined for all patients older than 65 years admitted to any hospital in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 2004. A Bayesian change-point regression model was used to determine the rate of maximum uptake (inflection point) for use of cardiac catheterization service and statins after AMI. The inflection points were compared with the corresponding publication dates of the first positive evidence for outcome efficacy of use of cardiac catheterization service and statins after AMI as obtained from randomized control trials. RESULTS The use of post-AMI coronary angiography closely mirrored overall temporal increases in cardiac catheterization capacity between 1992 and 2004 (r = 0.95, P<.001). The inflection point for post-AMI angiography service use was September 1998, 11 months before the publication of the first positive randomized controlled trial demonstrating benefit of routine post-AMI angiography. Conversely, the inflection point for statin therapy occurred in October 1998, 47 months after the publication of the first positive randomized controlled trial demonstrating the benefits of statin therapy for the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. These findings were consistent regardless of the presence of on-site cardiac catheterization facilities at the admitting AMI institution and patient illness severity levels. CONCLUSION The proliferation of cardiac catheterization in Ontario is attributable to factors other than the emergence of published scientific evidence.
Optimal feeding is optimal swimming for all P\'eclet numbers

Cells swimming in viscous fluids create flow fields which influence the transport of relevant nutrients, and therefore their feeding rate. We propose a modeling approach to the problem of optimal feeding at zero Reynolds number. We consider a simplified spherical swimmer deforming its shape tangentially in a steady fashion (so-called squirmer). Assuming that the nutrient is a passive scalar obeying an advection-diffusion equation, the optimal use of flow fields by the swimmer for feeding is determined by maximizing the diffusive flux at the organism surface for a fixed rate of energy dissipation in the fluid. The results are obtained through the use of an adjoint-based numerical optimization implemented by a Legendre polynomial spectral method. We show that, to within a negligible amount, the optimal feeding mechanism consists in putting all the energy expended by surface distortion into swimming - so-called treadmill motion - which is also the solution maximizing the swimming efficiency. Surprisingly, although the rate of feeding depends strongly on the value of the P\'eclet number, the optimal feeding stroke is shown to be essentially independent of it, which is confirmed by asymptotic analysis. Within the context of steady actuation, optimal feeding is therefore found to be equivalent to optimal swimming for all P\'eclet numbers.
Our 20-year experience with experimental colonic anastomotic healing

Aim: To present our experience with experimental colonic anastomoses and compare it with the results of other experienced researchers. Materials and Method: The published experimental studies of our research group up to 1996, as well as results of other researchers in this field, are demonstrated and discussed. Different actions of administered substances on the anastomotic healing were compared and represented. Various chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated in experimental models without colorectal cancer as independent risk factors for the anastomotic healing. Moreover, numerous pharmaceutical agents such as steroids, immunomodulators, vasodilators and the use of fibrin glue are also assessed in detail. Results: Cytostatics, as well as steroids, impair the colonic anastomotic healing, but the combined administration of other agents can reverse this negative effect. Fibrin glue seems to protect the colonic anastomosis, while iloprost could be a potential candidate for further exploration in patient trials. Tacrolimus, despite its immunosuppressive action, seems to promote the anastomotic healing. This observation could be useful for patients with inflammatory bowel disease under tacrolimus therapy, who undergo a non-elective colectomy. Obstructive conditions predispose to anastomotic insufficiency, and therefore, substances to avoid this threatening complication are also assessed. Tacrolimus and iloprost showed a remarkable action against anastomotic leakage under artificially obstructive conditions. Conclusion: Further studies, especially in forms of clinical protocols, are necessary in order for these results to find their place in safe daily practice.
Shifting Currents: Science Technology Society and Environment in Northern Ontario Schools.

The focus is on the practices of secondary science teachers in rural, resource-extraction-based communities in the boreal region of northern Ontario, Canada. In 2008 the Ontario Ministry of Education mandated that science teaching and learning should bring to the forefront consideration of the impacts of science on society and environment, and include environmental education; topics that are particularly pertinent given the location(s) of the study in logging and mining towns. Three years after the introduction of that curriculum the researcher investigates the extent to which the mandated changes have entered teacher practice. The study consists of a survey, (n= 26), interviews (n=7) and a closer exploration of the collaboration between two teachers who work towards including social and environmental issues in their lessons. Findings provide evidence that secondary science teachers are shifting toward a stronger emphasis issues of society and environment in their practice, however teachers identified a number of concerns including an information gap, developing new lessons, program planning, assessment, and teaching in the North. A theoretical framework developed by Pedretti and Nazir was used in the analysis of the teacher collaboration. Recommendations are for professional development to specifically address the concerns raised by the teachers; as well, changes are suggested to the theoretical framework to include a stronger emphasis on environmental education.
Utilization of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) among Wood Factory Workers in Calabar Municipality, Southern Nigeria

: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed to determine the utilization of PPE among wood factory workers in Calabar municipality, Southern Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 400 workers from two timber markets (Akim and Eight-Miles timber markets). A structured questionnaire was designed to generate quantitative data from the respondents. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and results were presented in tables and charts. The results of this study showed that ages of study participants ranges from 15-60 years with those between 45-49 years 111(27.8%) constituting majority of the study participants. Most respondents were males 363(90.7%), married 261(56.2%), Christians 397(99.2%) and had primary education 188(47.0%). A larger proportion of the respondents 316(79.0%) reported that PPE was available, while 273(86.4%) said they had use PPE at their workplace. PPE mostly used were hand gloves (33.4%) and safety boots (32.5%). Reasons given by respondents for non-adherence to PPE use were PPE not adequate, PPE not necessary and inconvenience. All respondents indicated that they need training on the use of PPE. Intensifying awareness on the health implications of inhaling wood dust would increase the uptake of PPE use among wood factory workers.
Mental Illness in Married Pairs in a Total Population

Several surveys of mental illness in husband-wife pairs have all concluded that sick couples occur in the general population with a frequency significantly in excess of the number to be expected by chance (Penrose, 1944; Gregory, 1959; Kreitman, 1962; Ryle and Hamilton, 1962; Pond et al., 1963; Nielsen, 1964). The statistical methods employed in such investigations have been criticized by Hall et al. (1971), but these authors' arguments appear to suggest that the relative excess of conjoint illness has, if anything, been under-estimated.
An Ontological Analysis Framework for Domain-Specific Modeling Languages

This article describes how domain-specific modeling languages (DSML) are developed to specifically model certain domains and their phenomena. Over the last 15 years, different kinds of DSMLs have been ontologically analyzed to improve their ontological expressiveness. However, the term ‘ontological analyses’ encompasses a great variety of different purposes, techniques or methods, and can thus be performed in many different ways without maintaining clear differentiation. Therefore, in this article, the authors aim to structure the process of conducting an ontological analysis, and offers guidelines in the form of descriptive patterns for analyzing a DSML. With the help of this framework, a researcher with a specific purpose can recognize the required patterns and types of methods that can be followed in order to successfully conduct an ontological analysis and achieve the intended purpose.
Marine boundary layer dust and pollutant transport associated with the passage of a frontal system over eastern Asia

[1] Aerosol chemical composition and number size distributions were measured aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) from 14 March to 20 April 2001. This manuscript focuses on the prefrontal and postfrontal air masses sampled aboard the ship in the Sea of Japan between 6 and 15 April 2001 to illustrate the different chemical sources/mixtures off the coast of Asia resulting from the contrasting meteorological transport patterns. The prefrontal air masses had a dominant accumulation mode composed of pollution and volcanic aerosols. The aerosol was predominately ammonium sulfate and organic carbon. Minor amounts of dust were present in the marine boundary layer (MBL) as a result of subsidence from a pronounced Taklimakan dust aerosol layer aloft. The sea salt in both the submicron and supermicron modes was highly depleted in chloride from reaction with sulfuric and nitric acid vapors. The passage of a large low-pressure center, surrounded by a widespread distribution of airborne dust, on 10 April brought elevated concentrations of submicron and supermicron Gobi desert dust to the ship. The supermicron dust particles contained high concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, organic, and elemental carbon. The MBL aerosol properties and controlling processes described here provide data to evaluate and refine chemical transport models.
Smiley or Frowney: The effect of emotions and framing in a downstream water pollution game

Common-pool resources and other shared resources frequently suffer from overextraction/overuse and associated negative externalities. In this paper we design a framed laboratory experiment on downstream water pollution to investigate (a) the importance of empathy vs. self-interest framing in determining the behavior of upstreamers regarding the negative externalities, and (b) the potential of downstreamers to influence the choices of upstreamers using non-monetary sanctions and rewards, alleviating the need for intervention by the local governments and regulatory institutions. Our results show that empathy framing has a much more significant impact on individual behavior than self-interest framing. Overall subjects behaved more profit-oriented in the self-interest framing and more egalitarian in the empathy framing. Lastly, negative emotional feedback is a powerful tool for changing behavior of subjects towards more environmentally friendly actions. Interestingly, positive emotional feedback is counterproductive for that. In general our results indicate that explicit emotional feedback, even though not expressed by everyone, works to the same degree as the implicit appeal to emotions through framing.
Identification and characterization of dioxygenase genes in new polychlorinated biphenyls degraders

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most dangerous xh enobiotics in the environment, because they are normally thermodynamically stable and not readily degraded. In addition, PCBs pose potential health risks to humans, as they can be toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogeni c. Two bacterial isolates were isolated from the oxidation park of Sadat City, Egypt where this region is known to be highly contaminated by PCBs. The two isolates were characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA and were identified as Pseudomonas sp HA - OP21 and Burkholderia sp. HA - OP24. The PCBs degrading ability of the two strains was determined and it was found that the first strain can degrade monochlorinated biphenyls while the second can utilize polychlorinated biphenyls as sole carbon source and energy , these findings suggests that our strains contain genes that encode catabolic dioxygenases enzymes ,which are involved in PCBs degradation. Using previously designed primers, we managed to amplify Rieske non - heme iron oxygenase (ISPα) gene of toluene/biphenyl subfamily a nd catechol 2,3dioxygenase gene that considered the most important catabolic genes involved in PCBs biodegradation. ( Hamdy A. Hassan, El - Sayed A.El - Absawy , Reham M. El.attar, Nashwa MH Rizk . Identification and characterization of dioxygenase genes in new polychlorinated biphenyls degraders . Life Sci J 2013;10( 3 ): 889 - 900 ) (ISSN: 1097 - 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 133
BOOSTING RECESSIONS

This paper explores the effectiveness of boosting, often regarded as the state of the art classification tool, in giving warning signals of recessions three, six and twelve months ahead. Boosting is used to screen as many as 1500 potentially relevant predictors consisting of 132 real and financial time series and their lags. Estimation over the full sample 1961:1-2011:12 finds that there are fewer than ten important predictors and the identity of these variables change with the forecast horizon. There is a distinct difference in the size and composition of the relevant predictor set before and after mid-1980. Rolling window estimation reveals that the importance of the term and default spreads are recession specific. The Aaa spread is the most robust predictor of recessions three and six months ahead, while the risky bond and 5yr spreads are important for twelve months ahead predictions. Certain employment variables have predictive power for the two most recent recessions when the interest rate spreads were uninformative. Warning signals for the post 1990 recessions have been sporadic and easy to miss. The results underscore the challenge that changing characteristics of business cycles pose for predicting recessions.
Longitudinal trajectory of vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy as well as the impact on pregnancy outcomes: a preliminary study

Abstract Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the course of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnancy and to explore the association between these longitudinal changes and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A total of 793 pregnant women were enrolled at the first trimester of pregnancy and were followed prospectively twice at the second and third trimester. VVC, trichomoniasis, and BV were evaluated at each trimester of pregnancy. Results were evaluated for trends of these three diseases and the association between these changes of trends and pregnancy outcomes. Results: The trend of negative at all three time points was dominant for all three diseases compared with trend of positive throughout pregnancy was the most rare. In addition, for VVC, a trend toward positive can’t be ignored (7.5%). However, for BV, the distribution of other three trends (trend negative, trend positive, status random) were basically the same. Different trends of these three diseases were not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, with the exception of women who had a trend of BV positive throughout pregnancy were more likely to suffer from amniotic fluid infection (AFI) compared with women who were negative at all three time points (p = .016, OR: 17.29, 95% CI: 1.70–175.54). Conclusions: In this population, the trend of negative throughout pregnancy was dominant for all three diseases compared with few women were positive across their pregnancy. BV may be associated with AFI during pregnancy.