Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compiling French-Japanese Terminologies from the Web

We propose a method for compiling bilingual terminologies of multi-word terms (MWTs) for given translation pairs of seed terms. Traditional methods for bilingual terminology compilation exploit parallel texts, while the more recent ones have focused on comparable corpora. We use bilingual corpora collected from the web and tailor made for the seed terms. For each language, we extract from the corpus a set of MWTs pertaining to the seed’s semantic domain, and use a compositional method to align MWTs from both sets. We increase the coverage of our system by using thesauri and by applying a bootstrap method. Experimental results show high precision and indicate promising prospects for future developments.
Still blaming the victim of intimate partner violence? Women’s narratives of victim desistance and redemption when seeking support

This article presents a theoretical examination of victims’ (N = 28) experiences when trying to rebuild a victimization-free identity after having experienced multiple years of severe intimate partner violence (IPV). Narratives reveal experiences of victim-blaming attitudes when seeking help from informal and general formal support sources, which suggest that victims of IPV do not meet the criteria of the ‘ideal’, innocent victim worthy of ongoing formal and informal support. Drawing on criminological theories of redemption and desistance, in combination with victimological theories around social stigma and construction of the ‘ideal victim’, the study finds that victims often feel they have to redeem themselves as worthy of empathy in order to access ongoing support. These misplaced expectations of ‘desistance’ with the victim rather than the perpetrator highlight that the social stigma associated with IPV goes beyond the private nature of this type of violence and extends to victim behavior and decision making.
Strategic Styles and Organizational Capability in Crisis Response in Local Government

In recent years, challenges in terms of both man-made and natural disasters as well as the lack of resources to deal with such challenges have become increasingly critical to local government. This article adopts an alternative view of strategy-based approach to examine how different strategic styles affect organizational capability in a crisis response. The results of a survey of middle managers in Taiwan’s local government highlighted the relations between strategic styles and crisis response capability. Such results provide public managers with a better understanding of what strategic styles they should adopt to improve their organizational capability in responding to crises.
Empirical assessment of theory for bankfull characteristics of alluvial channels

We compiled a data set of 541 bankfull measurements of alluvial rivers (see supporting information) and used Bayesian linear regression to examine empirical and theoretical support for the hypothesis that alluvial channels adjust to a predictable condition of basal shear stress as a function of sediment transport mode. An empirical closure based on channel slope, bankfull channel depth, and median grain size is proposed and results in the scaling of bankfull Shields stress with the inverse square root of particle Reynolds number. The empirical relationship is sufficient for purposes of quantifying paleohydraulic conditions in ancient alluvial channels. However, it is not currently appropriate for application to alluvial channels on extraterrestrial bodies because it depends on constant‐valued, Earth‐based coefficients.
Fracture Mechanics Method for Word Embedding Generation of Neural Probabilistic Linguistic Model

Word embedding, a lexical vector representation generated via the neural linguistic model (NLM), is empirically demonstrated to be appropriate for improvement of the performance of traditional language model. However, the supreme dimensionality that is inherent in NLM contributes to the problems of hyperparameters and long-time training in modeling. Here, we propose a force-directed method to improve such problems for simplifying the generation of word embedding. In this framework, each word is assumed as a point in the real world; thus it can approximately simulate the physical movement following certain mechanics. To simulate the variation of meaning in phrases, we use the fracture mechanics to do the formation and breakdown of meaning combined by a 2-gram word group. With the experiments on the natural linguistic tasks of part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition and semantic role labeling, the result demonstrated that the 2-dimensional word embedding can rival the word embeddings generated by classic NLMs, in terms of accuracy, recall, and text visualization.
Chromosome partition in Escherichia coli requires postreplication protein synthesis

After inhibition of protein synthesis, the number of nuclear bodies (nucleoids) visible in cells of Escherichia coli B/rA corresponded closely to the number of completely replicated chromosomes. We calculated that nucleoid partition follows almost immediately after replication forks reach the chromosome terminus. We show that such a partition is dependent on protein synthesis and that this may reflect the requirement that cells must achieve a certain minimum length before partition (and subsequent cell division) can take place.
Decay estimates for the wave and Dirac equations with a magnetic potential

We study the electromagnetic wave equation and the perturbed massless Dirac equation on ℝt × ℝ3: $$u_{tt}-(\nabla+iA(x))^{2}u+B(x)u=0, \;\;\;\; iu_{t}-{\cal D}u+V(x)u=0,$$ where the potentials A(x), B(x), and V(x) are assumed to be small but may be rough. For both equations, we prove the expected time decay rate of the solution $$|u(t,x)|\leq {1 \over {t}}\|f\|_X$$ where the norm ‖f‖X can be expressed as the weighted L2‐norm of a few derivatives of the data f. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internalization and recycling of ALCAM/CD166 detected by a fully human single-chain recombinant antibody

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with five extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, promotes heterophilic (ALCAM-CD6) and homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) cell-cell interactions. Here we describe a fully human single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) directed to ALCAM/CD166. We selected the I/F8 scFv from a phage display library of human V-gene segments by cell panning and phage internalization into IGROV-I human ovary carcinoma cells. The I/F8 specificity was identified as ALCAM/CD166 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) peptide mass fingerprinting of the I/F8-immunoprecipitated protein. The I/F8 scFv reacts with the human, monkey and murine ALCAM/CD166 molecule, indicating that the recognized epitope is highly conserved. The I/F8 scFv completely abolished binding of both ALCAM/Fc and CD6/Fc soluble ligands, whereas it did not compete with the anti-ALCAM/CD166 murine monoclonal antibodies J4-81 and 3A6 and therefore recognizes a different epitope. Engagement through I/F8 scFv, 3A6 monoclonal antibody or CD6/Fc ligand induced ALCAM/CD166 internalization, with a kinetics slower than that of transferrin in the same cells. Newly internalized I/F8-ALCAM complexes colocalized with clathrin but not with caveolin and we demonstrated, using surface biotinylation and recycling assays, that endocytosed ALCAM/CD166 recycles back to the cell surface. Such an endocytic pathway allows the efficient delivery of an I/F8 scFv-saporin immunotoxin into tumor cells, as the conjugates are able to selectively kill cell lines expressing ALCAM/CD166. Altogether these data provide evidence of the suitability of the I/F8 scFv for further functional analysis of ALCAM/CD166 and intracellular delivery of effector moieties.
Neutrophil Derived Cathepsin G Induces Potentially Thrombogenic Changes in Human Endothelial Cells: a Scanning Electron Microscopy Study in Static and Dynamic Conditions

Summary Activated neutrophils may promote thrombus formation by releasing proteases which may activate platelets, impair the fibrinolytic balance and injure the endothelial monolayer. We have investigated the morphological correlates of damage induced by activated neutrophils on the vascular wall, in particular the vascular injury induced by released cathepsin G in both static and dynamic conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were studied both in a cell culture system and in a model of perfused umbilical veins. At scanning electron microscopy, progressive alterations of the cell monolayer resulted in cell contraction, disruption of the intercellular contacts, formation of gaps and cell detachment. Contraction was associated with shape change of the endothelial cells, that appeared star-like, while the underlying extracellular matrix, a potentially thrombogenic surface, was exposed. Comparable cellular response was observed in an “in vivo” model of perfused rat arterial segment. Interestingly, cathepsin G was active at lower concentrations in perfused vessels than in culture systems. Restoration of blood flow in the arterial segment previously damaged by cathepsin G caused adhesion and spreading of platelets on the surface of the exposed extracellular matrix. The subsequent deposition of a fibrin network among adherent platelets, could be at least partially ascribed to the inhibition by cathepsin G of the vascular fibrinolytic potential. This study supports the suggestion that the release of cathepsin G by activated neutrophils, f.i. during inflammation, may contribute to thrombus formation by inducing extensive vascular damage.
Effectiveness of cefoxitin on preventing endometritis after uterine curettage for spontaneous incomplete abortion: a randomized controlled trial study.

BACKGROUND There are only few studies concerning the usage of antibiotics in preventing endometritis after uterine curettage for spontaneous first trimester incomplete abortion and no conclusion can be demonstrated OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of prophylactic cefoxitin in preventing endometritis after uterine curettage for spontaneous first trimester incomplete abortion. MATERIAL AND METHOD Eighty-four women with spontaneous first trimester incomplete abortion were randomly allocated into two groups using a computer-generated random number list and the allocation concealment was maintained using a sealed opaque envelope. The patients in the study group were given 1 g of cefoxitin while the patients in the control group were given 0.1 ml of vitamin B complex intravenously 20 minutes prior to curettage. Uterine curettage was performed after intravenous sedation and analgesic drugs were administered. The patients were evaluated on the first, third and seventh day after uterine curettage. RESULTS Seventy-nine cases had completed the study protocol. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic data and details of uterine curettage between both groups. Two cases of endometritis were found in the control group but none in the study group. However the difference did not reach the statistical significance (p = 0.241). CONCLUSION Prophylactic cefoxitin is not effective in preventing endometritis after uterine curettage for spontaneous first trimester incomplete abortion.
TerraSAR-X staring spotlight mode optimization

This paper discusses the optimization conducted during the definition and implementation of the operational TerraSAR-X Staring Spotlight (ST) mode. The focus is on an optimum Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) selection based on ambiguity and timing considerations. Both parameters will determine the product scene size and recommended incidence angle range. An extensive simulation of acquisition parameters has been carried out in order to verify the operational scenario of the ST mode. Additionally, first measurement results over distributed and point targets will be presented, showing impulse response parameters and noise characteristics.
Equivalent Circuit Parameters of Interdigital Transducers Derived from Dispersion Relations for Surface Acoustic Waves in Periodic Metal Gratings

Abstrucr-Relations between "exact" field solutions for acoustic surface waves in structures of metal gratings on piezoelectric surfaces and an equivalent circuit model of interdigital transducers are estab- lished. One of the previously proposed equivalent circuit models is applied, and by matching the dispersion relation for the surface wave derived from this model with that obtained from the field analysis, analytic expressions for the equivalent circuit parameters are deter- mined. The approach used in this paper is to match the dispersion relations near resonance obtained from the field analysis with those obtained from the circuit model, and to use the field solutions far off resonance to determine the transducer capaci- tance. Principally, we are using the field solution for an infinite periodic array to develop a circuit model for the unit cell of the array. The model therefore fails to describe transducer end effects and neighbor coupling effects in a transducer with arbitrarily changing polarity on neighboring fingers ( IO) . The field solution for surface waves in split-strip periodic arrays is applied to analyze thinned transducers with several half wavelengths between neighboring finger pairs. Neighbor coupling can be estimated from the dependence of the circuit parameters on the distance between pairs. Another special case considered is the regular split-strip transducer with neigh- boring strips connected to one electrode in pairs of opposite polarity.
A Comparison of Multi-instance Learning Algorithms

Motivated by various challenging real-world applications, such as drug activity prediction and image retrieval, multi-instance (MI) learning has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Compared with standard supervised learning, the MI learning task is more difficult as the label information of each training example is incomplete. Many MI algorithms have been proposed. Some of them are specifically designed for MI problems whereas others have been upgraded or adapted from standard single-instance learning algorithms. Most algorithms have been evaluated on only one or two benchmark datasets, and there is a lack of systematic comparisons of MI learning algorithms. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of MI learning algorithms that aims to compare their performance and find a suitable way to properly address different MI problems. First, it briefly reviews the history of research on MI learning. Then it discusses five general classes of MI approaches that cover a total of 16 MI algorithms. After that, it presents empirical results for these algorithms that were obtained from 15 datasets which involve five different real-world application domains. Finally, some conclusions are drawn from these results: (1) applying suitable standard single-instance learners to MI problems can often generate the best result on the datasets that were tested, (2) algorithms exploiting the standard asymmetric MI assumption do not show significant advantages over approaches using the so-called collective assumption, and (3) different MI approaches are suitable for different application domains, and no MI algorithm works best on all MI problems.
Environmental Education and Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Case of International Tourists in Accra Hotels

Abstract The success of environmental programs in hotels hinges on the environmentally responsible behavior of guests. In spite of this, the hotel guest has remained peripheral to environmental management programs and initiatives in hotels. This paper therefore examines the environmentally responsible behavior of international tourists in hotels in Accra and whether environmental education by the hotels and gender of tourists have any relationship with environmentally responsible behavior. A sample of 343 international tourists was surveyed at major tourist attraction sites in Accra. The results of the study indicates that about three-quarters of respondents were neither informed about the environmental programs being undertaken by their hotels nor educated on environmentally responsible behavior. Also, women reported greater environmentally responsible behavior than men. Hotels in Accra should therefore step up environmental education especially through travel intermediaries and use women as change agents for inculcating environmentally responsible behavior.
Effects of obesity treatments on bone mineral density, bone turnover and fracture risk in adults with overweight or obesity

Abstract Background: New evidence suggests that obesity is deleterious for bone health, and obesity treatments could potentially exacerbate this. Materials and methods: This narrative review, largely based on recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, synthesizes the effects on bone of bariatric surgery, weight loss pharmaceuticals and dietary restriction. Results and conclusions: All three obesity treatments result in statistically significant reductions in hip bone mineral density (BMD) and increases in bone turnover relative to pre-treatment values, with the reductions in hip BMD being strongest for bariatric surgery, notably Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB, 8%–11% of pre-surgical values) and weakest for dietary restriction (1%–1.5% of pre-treatment values). Weight loss pharmaceuticals (orlistat or the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide) induced no greater changes from pre-treatment values than control, despite greater weight loss. There is suggestive evidence that liraglutide may increase bone mineral content (BMC) – but not BMD – and reduce fracture risk, but more research is required to clarify this. All three obesity treatments have variable effects on spine BMD, probably due to greater measurement error at this site in obesity, suggesting that future research in this field could focus on hip rather than spine BMD. Various mechanisms have been proposed for BMD loss with obesity treatments, notably reduced nutritional intake/absorption and insufficient exercise, and these are potential avenues for protection against bone loss. However, a pressing outstanding question is whether this BMD reduction contributes to increased fracture risk, as has been observed after RYGB, and whether any such increase in fracture risk outweighs the risks of staying obese (unlikely).
Schistosoma mansoni: a comparative study of artificially transformed schistosomula and schistomula recoverd after cercarial penetration of isolated skin

A comparison was made of the ultrastructure, development and antigenic nature of the surfaces and of the viability of three types of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: schistosomula formed afrer cercariae had penetrated isolated skin (SS), schistosomula produced after mechanical separation of cercarial tails from bodies (MS), and schistosomula transformed from cercariae after incubation in fresh rat serum (RS). Within 2 h of transformation, the surface membrane of all three types of schistosomula had changed from trilaminate to heptalaminate structures and SS and MS had lost their cercarial glycocalyx. Initially a dense amorphous material was demonstrated on the surfaces of RS, which was thought to be the result of an interaction between a factor in rat serum and the glycocalyx: this material was greatly reduced within 2 h of transformation. The pre-acetabular glands of SS were emptied while those of MS and RS retained their contents. Immunofluorescent studies showed that all schistosomula bound serum from mice immune to S. mansoni, but the binding was stronger with MS and RS. The mixed agglutination reaction demonstrated the presence of human A and B blood group-like antigenic determinants on approximately 30% of 3 h old SS; these determinants were not detected on MS or RS. In vitro, the development of MS and RS was similar to SS; the first schistosomula reached the ‘gut-closed’ stage by day 10; 50–70% of SS reached this stage by day 12, in contrast to only 25–50% of MS and RS. Between 28 and 45% of all schistosomula developed to maturity when injected intravenously into mice. It was concluded that the two types of artificially prepared schistosomula fultil the main criteria of transformation from cercaria to schistosomulum. Further, it is suggested that MS are the most appropriate source of material for immunochemical and physiological studies.
Key Psychological Determinants of Staff's Job Performance in Department of Tourism (Thailand)

This research was aimed at identifying the key psychological determinants of overall job performance and explaining the relationship levels of the identified psychological determinants of staff’s job performance in the Department of Tourism of Thailand. The data were collected via self-administered questionnaires. Job performance components in this study are task performance, contextual performance, and adaptive performance. Stepwise Regression Analysis was conducted to investigate the significant determinants of staff’s job performance. The findings provide evidence that employee empowerment and job motivation positively affect overall job performance and all three performance dimensions. On the other hand, job satisfaction has no significant effect on overall job performance and any performance dimensions in this research.
Sorafenib in the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a challenge to physicians since these patients are not candidates for surgical or ablative therapy. The disease carries a very poor prognosis with an expected survival of 4–6 months. No chemotherapeutic agent has been proven to improve the clinical outcome in such patients. A multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib, previously tested and found effective in other solid tumors recently found to significantly improve survival in patients with advanced HCC. Sorafenib exerts its action through inhibition of several kinases involved in both tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis. It was well tolerated at a dose of 400 mg twice daily and permanent discontinuation of the drug was rarely required.
A Model of the Cognitive and Emotional Processing of Rhetorical Works in Advertising

This book chapter develops an extensive model of the processing of rhetorical works (i.e., figurative language and visual rhetoric). The model synthesizes two theories - experimental aesthetics, which has explained the processing of creative works (e.g., art, geometric shapes, music, and product designs), and the resource-matching perspective, which holds that processing approaches optimization when resource demand matches the resources that an audience is willing and able to make available. The model's combination of these two theories clarifies phenomena (e.g., the Wundt curve or the components of resource demand) that are otherwise unaccounted for. Further, the model subsumes previous research on advertising rhetoric into a single unified explanation. Additionally, extending the resource-matching perspective to encompass emotional appeals expands the scope of advertising rhetoric research into the unexplored emotional component of rhetorical works. This model should also make important contributions to the literature by suggesting theoretically supported hypotheses for future research.