Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of social support networks on mental and physical health in the transition to older adulthood

Social support is a multidimensional construct that consists of the type of support, the direction of support, the sources or targets of support, and whether support is actual or potential. We used latent class analysis to uncover network types based on these dimensions and to examine the association between network types and well-being among 6,824 adults (M age = 54 at T1) in the two most recent waves (1992–1993 and 2003–2005) of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. We found six classes of social support networks. Class membership at T1 significantly predicted changes in depressive symptomatology and self-rated health over time. Our findings are discussed in light of the utility of a pattern-centered approach for uncovering heterogeneity in the social networks of adults.
How Are Parental Reactions to Children’s Emotions Related to Their Theory of Mind Abilities?

In this study, parents’ reactions to their children’s emotions were investigated as correlates of children’s abilities in Theory of Mind (ToM). 175 parents completed questionnaires about their reactions to their children’s emotions. Children’s ToM abilities were assessed by direct measures and a questionnaire completed by mothers. Inter-parental comparisons and intra-parental inter-actions were explored. The maternal model was significant for children’s ToM-emotions and ToM-thinking. The paternal model was significant for children’s ToM-beliefs. Maternal supportive reactions (SR) to positive emotions were related to children’s ToM-emotions and ToM-thinking. Moreover, maternal non-supportive reactions (NSR) to negative emotions were negatively associated with children’s ToM-thinking. The interaction between paternal SR to children’s positive emotions and a low level of NSR to positive emotions was associated with a high level of ToM-beliefs. The results suggest that exploring the parental gender effect and the combined effects of parental reactions is useful for understanding children’s ToM development.
Young Adults’ Management of Privacy on Facebook with Multiple Generations of Family Members

How young adults communicate with multiple generations of family members today includes the use of Facebook to maintain family relationships. This study applies communication privacy management (CPM) theory to explore how young adults interact with and manage private information across different generations of their family through Facebook. Overall, 383 young adult participants completed an online survey about online and offline Facebook communication among siblings, parents, and grandparents. Participants interacted with siblings most often through Facebook, followed by parents, and grandparents. The interior family privacy orientation and Facebook privacy management practices significantly predicted variations of online and offline Facebook communication with siblings, parents, and grandparents about social media. The study also examined different types of Facebook socialization messages that young adults conveyed to family members about effective Facebook interactions and ways to preempt privacy breakdowns with their Facebook friends. Implications to CPM theory and future research recommendations are also identified.
Expression of Circadian Neuropeptides in the Hypothalamus of Adult Mice is Affected by Postnatal Light Experience

The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus are the principal pacemaker in mammals, controlling daily, circadian rhythms in physiology and behaviour. Environmental light during development has long‐term effects on circadian behaviour, but it is still unclear what the relevant adaptations within the brain are. In the present study, we examined the manifestation of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity, and the expression of arginine‐vasopressin (AVP) and vasointestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the SCN of adult mice reared under different light environments during the suckling period, and synchronised to light/dark cycles after weaning. We found that animals reared under constant light had higher amplitude and more stable activity rhythms, together with lower levels of VIP‐ and AVP‐immunostaining in the SCN, compared to mice reared under light/dark cycles or constant darkness. Differences in AVP expression were also found in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus, two brain areas which receive SCN projections. These results indicate that the postnatal light experience may affect clock function and clock output, and suggest implications for the control of hormonal homeostasis and circadian behaviour.
Masculinized Finger Length Patterns in Human Males and Females with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

The ratio of the length of the second digit (2D) to the length of the fourth digit (4D) is greater in women than in men. Since androgens are involved in most somatic sex differences and since the sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D is stable from 2 years of age in humans, it was hypothesized that finger length pattern development might be affected by early androgen exposure. Human females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed prenatally to higher than normal levels of adrenal androgens, providing an opportunity to test the effects of early androgen exposure on digit ratios. The 2D:4D was calculated for females with CAH, females without CAH, males with CAH, and males without CAH. Females with CAH had a significantly smaller 2D:4D on the right hand than did females without CAH. Males with CAH had a significantly smaller 2D:4D on the left hand than did males without CAH. A subset of six males with CAH had a significantly smaller 2D:4D on both hands compared with their male relatives without CAH. These results are consistent with the idea that prenatal androgen exposure reduces the 2D:4D and plays a role in the establishment of the sex difference in human finger length patterns. Finger lengths may therefore offer a retrospective marker of perinatal androgen exposure in humans.
Properties of PAAM Grafted alumina/epoxy nanocomposites

The electric properties of nanocomposites are determined by the interface between nano particles and epoxy resin, so the interface modification is very important. In this paper, silane coupling agent which has a carbon-carbon double bond and an oxymethylphenyl was used to modify the surface of α-Al2O3. In the modification, carbon-carbon double bonds were introduced to the surface of nano particles. The carbon-carbon double bonds will serve as active groups in the grafting process. The polyacrylamide (PAAM) was grafted on the surface of α-Al2O3. And the amino groups were introduced to the surface of α-Al2O3. Then the interface between the nano particle and the epoxy resin can be reinforced by the reaction between the amino group and epoxy ring. The FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrum of grafted alumina was tested to confirm the modification and grafting process. Then, five kinds of materials were prepared, i.e. neat epoxy, micro composites, and three kinds of nanocomposites with different contents of PAAM grafted alumina particles. The specimens with thickness of 200 μm were prepared for investigation. The SEM micrographs were investigated to observe the dispersion of nano particles in epoxy resin. And the properties including the thermal behavior, dielectric strength, and dielectric spectrum were measured and analyzed. It is concluded that the epoxy nanocomposites loaded with PAAM grafted alumina particles show homogeneous dispersion, increasing thermal degradation initiation temperature and higher dielectric breakdown strength.
A preliminary study on system-level impact of persistent main memory

For almost 30 years, computer memory systems have been essentially the same: volatile, high speed memory technologies like SRAM and DRAM used for cache and main memory; magnetic disks for high-end data storage; and persistent, low speed flash memory for storage with low capacity/low energy consumption requirements such as embedded/mobile devices. Today we watch the emergence of new non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies that promise to radically change the landscape of memory systems. This work presents system-level latency and energy impacts of a computer architecture with persistent main memory using PCRAM and Memristor. Our experimental results support the feasibility of employing emerging non-volatile memory technologies as persistent main memory, indicating that performance penalties should be mild, and energy improvements should be significant, up to 45.5% less when using PCRAM and 72.4% less when using Memristor.
Contributions of Functional Neuroimaging to the Study of Social Cognition

Increasingly, researchers have been applying the methods of cognitive neuroscience—especially functional neuroimaging—to address questions about how humans make inferences about the mental states of others. At the same time, a number of critics have warned against the use of these new techniques by suggesting that functional neuroimaging has been unable to provide novel insights into the nature of social cognition. Addressing these critiques, this article briefly describes some of the ways in which functional neuroimaging has indeed redirected the study of the social mind, reviewing not only the novel data these techniques have provided but also the ways in which cognitive neuroscience has prompted researchers to consider entirely new questions about the organization of human social cognition. Such questions include whether or not there are cognitive processes dedicated for social thought; what the constituent parts of our social-cognitive system might be; how social cognition overlaps with other mental processes in previously unanticipated ways; and whether social cognition might play a privileged role in the human cognitive repertoire.
The development of students ́ physical education motivation and physical activity : a 3.5-year longitudinal study across grades 6 to 9

Yli-Piipari, Sami The Development of Students’ Physical Education Motivation and Physical Activity: A 3.5-Year Longitudinal Study across Grades 6 to 9 Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2011, 107 p. (+ included articles) (Studies in Sport, Physical Education, and Health ISSN 0356-1070; 170) ISBN 978-951-39-4311-0 Finnish summary Diss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of, and gender differences in, students’ physical activity, and their expectancy-related beliefs, task values and motivational regulations in physical education across Grades 6 to 9. In addition, the longitudinal relationship between students’ physical education motivation and development of physical activity was investigated. A total of 812 (382 girls, 430 boys) 11to 13-year-old Finnish adolescents from 17 elementary and eight middle schools were followed across six measurements. The participants filled in questionnaires on their self-reported physical activity, and their expectancy-related beliefs, task values, and motivational regulations in physical education. Latent growth curve modeling found, first, that students’ physical activity and expectancy-related beliefs toward physical education declined across Grades 6 to 9 while their valuing of tasks in physical education remained unchanged. The transition from elementary school Grade 6 to middle school Grade 7 moderated the growth of students’ expectancy-related beliefs and task values, accelerating the decline of expectancyrelated beliefs and temporarily increasing task values. However, students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation toward physical education increased moderately across Grades 6 to 9. Second, although boys reported constantly higher levels of physical activity, expectancy-related beliefs, and extrinsic motivation than girls, the development of physical activity and physical education motivation between the genders was similar. However, gender differences in task values increased during middle school, with boys attributing greater value than girls to physical education tasks. Third, growth mixture modeling showed that the students who had the lowest levels and the most negative development of expectancy-related beliefs and task values experienced the steepest decline in their physical activity. In addition, the students who valued physical education highly and experienced an increase in their expectancy-related beliefs toward physical education became more physically active across time. This study showed that although the majority of the students were motivated toward physical education, their physical activity decreased across time. This study suggests that school physical education may foster students’ physical activity if their expectancy-related beliefs can be supported, particularly if students value school physical education.
Flaxseed Supplementation (Not Dietary Fat Restriction) Reduces Prostate Cancer Proliferation Rates in Men Presurgery

Background: Prostate cancer affects one of six men during their lifetime. Dietary factors are postulated to influence the development and progression of prostate cancer. Low-fat diets and flaxseed supplementation may offer potentially protective strategies. Methods: We undertook a multisite, randomized controlled trial to test the effects of low-fat and/or flaxseed-supplemented diets on the biology of the prostate and other biomarkers. Prostate cancer patients (n = 161) scheduled at least 21 days before prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of the following arms: (a) control (usual diet), (b) flaxseed-supplemented diet (30 g/d), (c) low-fat diet (<20% total energy), or (d) flaxseed-supplemented, low-fat diet. Blood was drawn at baseline and before surgery and analyzed for prostate-specific antigen, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I and binding protein-3, C-reactive protein, and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Tumors were assessed for proliferation (Ki-67, the primary endpoint) and apoptosis. Results: Men were on protocol an average of 30 days. Proliferation rates were significantly lower (P < 0.002) among men assigned to the flaxseed arms. Median Ki-67-positive cells/total nuclei ratios (×100) were 1.66 (flaxseed-supplemented diet) and 1.50 (flaxseed-supplemented, low-fat diet) versus 3.23 (control) and 2.56 (low-fat diet). No differences were observed between arms with regard to side effects, apoptosis, and most serologic endpoints; however, men on low-fat diets experienced significant decreases in serum cholesterol (P = 0.048). Conclusions: Findings suggest that flaxseed is safe and associated with biological alterations that may be protective for prostate cancer. Data also further support low-fat diets to manage serum cholesterol. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(12):3577–87)
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma with a High-Grade Mesenchymal Component Mimicking a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

This report presents a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a unique pathologic feature. A 63-year-old man was referred with pain and a soft tissue mass in the left groin. A plain radiograph showed a mineralization in the proximal femur with partially osteolytic foci and an abnormal shadow in the soft tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed an inhomogeneous lesion with intermediate to partially low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and intermediate to high signal intensity on T2-weighted image. Microscopically, the tumor in the femur is a low-grade chondrosarcoma and the component of soft tissue was a high-grade sarcomatous lesion with an epithelial arrangement of tumor cells. A diffuse immunoreactivity to both vimentin and c-kit (CD117) antibodies was detected in the high-grade component. A dedifferentiated component is similar to those of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). This is the first case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a high-grade component mimicking a GIST.
Incentives and Risk Taking: Evidence from Listed U.S. Insurance Companies

This study examines the relation of incentives and risk taking for 104 listed U.S. insurance companies over 2006-2010. Our results show that independent director compensation is positively related to risk taking as are CEO compensation and institutional ownership. Besides dollar value and proportion of stock based compensation, we document similar results with total compensation. In terms of institutions, dedicated institutional ownership rather than total institutional ownership is found positively related to risk taking. These findings suggest that the stock based compensation of independent directors and the CEO help provide the right incentives to align their interests with the shareholders when dedicated institutional owners serve as external monitors. Our results are robust to several methods, different risk taking measures and a wide range of control variables.
Modeling and Verifying Physical Properties of Security Protocols for Wireless Networks

We present a formal model for modeling and reasoning about security protocols. Our model extends standard, inductive, trace-based, symbolic approaches with a formalization of physical properties of the environment, namely communication, location, and time. In particular, communication is subject to physical constraints, for example, message transmission takes time determined by the communication medium used and the distance traveled. All agents, including intruders, are subject to these constraints and this results in a distributed intruder with restricted, but more realistic, communication capabilities than those of the standard Dolev-Yao intruder. We have formalized our model in Isabelle/HOL and used it to verify protocols for authenticated ranging, distance bounding, and broadcast authentication based on delayed key disclosure.
Tuberculosis and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

ABSTRACT The sulfonamides were the first drugs with antituberculous effects. Their use was abandoned and basically forgotten with the advent of streptomycin and isoniazid combination treatment. There is a widespread belief, apparently based on testing a single isolate on questionable media, that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). We saw a complex immunocompromised patient with tuberculosis who was initially treated with TMP-SMX without antituberculous drugs and defervesced on this treatment. An isolate of M. tuberculosis from this patient was found to be sensitive to TMP-SMX. We examined how frequently M. tuberculosis is sensitive to TMP-SMX. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to TMP-SMX on supplemented Middlebrook 7H10 plates. We found that 43 of 44 (98%) isolates of M. tuberculosis were susceptible to the combination of ≤1 μg/ml of TMP and 19 μg/ml of SMX (≤1/19 μg/ml). Thus, the vast majority of our M. tuberculosis isolates were susceptible to TMP-SMX at an MIC similar to that for Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, and sensitive rapidly growing mycobacteria, organisms successfully treated with TMP-SMX as part of the treatment regimen. It is possible that TMP-SMX may be useful in treating patients with multiple-drug-resistant and extended drug-resistant tuberculosis. We feel that a clinical trial looking at the effectiveness of TMP-SMX as an antituberculous drug is worthwhile.
Absolute Pitch and Planum Temporale

An increased leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT) in absolute-pitch (AP) musicians has been previously reported, with speculation that early exposure to music influences the degree of PT asymmetry. To test this hypothesis and to determine whether a larger left PT or a smaller right PT actually accounts for the increased overall PT asymmetry in AP musicians, anatomical magnetic resonance images were taken from a right-handed group of 27 AP musicians, 27 nonmusicians, and 22 non-AP musicians. A significantly greater leftward PT asymmetry and a significantly smaller right absolute PT size for the AP musicians compared to the two control groups was found, while the left PT was only marginally larger in the AP group. The absolute size of the right PT and not the left PT was a better predictor of music group membership, possibly indicating "pruning" of the right PT rather than expansion of the left underlying the increased PT asymmetry in AP musicians. Although early exposure to music may be a prerequisite for acquiring AP, the increased PT asymmetry in AP musicians may be determined in utero, implicating possible genetic influences on PT asymmetry. This may explain why the increased PT asymmetry of AP musicians was not seen in the group of early beginning non-AP musicians.
Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction in Higher Education Institutions.

Purpose – Although leadership is found to have impact on the followers’ attitudes and performance there is a gap in leadership studies in HEIs, especially having Lithuania in mind. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of leadership style on job satisfaction of faculty in higher education institutions (HEI). Design/methodology/approach – In order to investigate before mentioned problem, the representative quantitative empirical research was conducted in 2013. It includes 72 faculty members and ten supervisors from Lithuanian public and private universities. The survey was conducted to check how leadership styles of supervisors influence faculty job satisfaction and compare the opinion of supervisors and subordinates. Findings – The empirical research revealed significant positive impact of leadership style on job satisfaction of faculty where servant leadership style has been found to have the highest positive significant impact on job satisfaction of faculty while controlling autocrat leadersh.
Quantitative real-time PCR protocol for analysis of nuclear receptor signaling pathways

A major goal of the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) is to elucidate the biochemical and physiological roles of nuclear receptors in vivo. Characterizing the tissue expression pattern of individual receptors and their target genes in whole animals under various pharmacological conditions and genotypes is an essential component of this aim. Here we describe a high-throughput quantitative, real-time, reverse-transcription PCR (QPCR) method for the measurement of both the relative level of expression of a particular transcript in a given tissue or cell type, and the relative change in expression of a particular transcript after pharmacologic or genotypic manipulation. This method is provided as a standardized protocol for those in the nuclear receptor field. It is meant to be a simplified, easy to use protocol for the rapid, high-throughput measurement of transcript levels in a large number of samples. A subsequent report will provide validated primer and probe sequence information for the entire mouse and human nuclear receptor superfamily.