Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delay Measurement Methodology Revisited: Time-Slotted Randomness Cancellation

The operation of today's networked applications and protocols depends to a large extent on accurate end-to-end delay measurements and estimations. Appropriate methodologies can significantly improve quality, accuracy, and representativeness of delay samples acquired through measurements. This paper focuses on limitations of state-of-the-art end-to-end delay measurement methodologies. Its central observation is that the first time-slotted link in a measurement path cancels start-time randomness of delay measurement samples. When leaving this first link, all measurement samples are time-synchronized with each other and potentially with global time modulo link period. Because of this effect, which the paper introduces as time-slotted randomness cancellation effect, random sampling is not possible beyond the first time-slotted link of measurement paths. End-to-end measurements, therefore, fail to capture the full delay range of subsequent time-slotted links in the path, measurement results being limited to a specific session setup. Following a detailed discussion of theoretical models, the paper proposes a novel delay measurement methodology that adds artificial delay functionality to intermediate network nodes. Measurement packet headers include random seeds that are used by compatible ingress nodes of subsequent time-slotted network segments to regenerate start-time randomness. Samples acquired with this measurement methodology can assess a network path's full delay range. Practical applicability of the presented concept and methodology is demonstrated by a prototype implementation that assesses delay in public mobile cellular networks. Measurement results presented in this paper confirm that the proposed concept and methodology is generally applicable and that randomness regeneration can significantly improve quality and representativeness of delay measurement samples.
A Thermometer for Interdependence: Exploring Patterns of Interdependence Using Networks of Affordances

Interdependence is a central concept in systems and organizations, yet our methods for measuring it are not well developed. Here, we report on a novel method for transforming digital trace data into networks of events that can be used to visualize and measure interdependence. The edges in the network represent sequential flow and the vertices represent actors, actions and artifacts. We refer to this representation as an affordance network. As with conventional approaches such as process mining, our method uses input from a stream of time-stamped occurrences, but the representation is simpler and more appropriate for exploration and theory building. As digital trace data becomes more widely available, this method may become more useful in information systems research and practice. Like a thermometer, it helps us measure a basic property of a system that would otherwise be difficult to see.
KONTRIBUSI KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP INTENSI TURNOVER PADA PERAWAT INSTALASI RUANG INAP

Profesi sebagai perawat merupakan suatu tugas mulia yang diemban oleh individu. Perawat merupakan tokoh penting terhadap laju berjalannya sebuah rumah sakit. Pelayanan yang diberikan oleh perawat kepada para pasien memuaskan, maka pasien akan percaya dan kembali datang. Pelayanan yang baik akan terlaksana jika perawat merasakan kepuasan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kontribusi kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover pada perawat instalasi ruang inap. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kepuasan kerja dan intensi turnover. Adapun untuk mengukur kepuasan kerja menggunakan kuesioner kepuasan kerja sedangkankan untuk mengukur intensi turnover menggunakan skala intensi turn over. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 perawat di salah satu rumah sakit swasta di Tangerang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kontribusi kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover pada perawat instalasi ruang inap sebesar 6,8% dan sisanya 93,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian ini.
Improved Algebraic Algorithm on Point projection for B´eziercurves

This paper presents an improved algebraic pruning method for point projection for Bezier curves. It first turns the point projection into a root finding problem, and provides a simple but easily overlooked method to avoid finding invalid roots which is obviously irrelative to the closest point. The continued fraction method and its expansion are utilized to strengthen its robustness. Since NURBS curves can be easily turned into Bezier form, the new method also works with NURBS curves. Examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the new method.
Friction in Total Hip Joint Prosthesis Measured In Vivo during Walking

Friction-induced moments and subsequent cup loosening can be the reason for total hip joint replacement failure. The aim of this study was to measure the in vivo contact forces and friction moments during walking. Instrumented hip implants with Al2O3 ceramic head and an XPE inlay were used. In vivo measurements were taken 3 months post operatively in 8 subjects. The coefficient of friction was calculated in 3D throughout the whole gait cycle, and average values of the friction-induced power dissipation in the joint were determined. On average, peak contact forces of 248% of the bodyweight and peak friction moments of 0.26% bodyweight times meter were determined. However, contact forces and friction moments varied greatly between individuals. The friction moment increased during the extension phase of the joint. The average coefficient of friction also increased during this period, from 0.04 (0.03 to 0.06) at contralateral toe off to 0.06 (0.04 to 0.08) at contralateral heel strike. During the flexion phase, the coefficient of friction increased further to 0.14 (0.09 to 0.23) at toe off. The average friction-induced power throughout the whole gait cycle was 2.3 W (1.4 W to 3.8 W). Although more parameters than only the synovia determine the friction, the wide ranges of friction coefficients and power dissipation indicate that the lubricating properties of synovia are individually very different. However, such differences may also exist in natural joints and may influence the progression of arthrosis. Furthermore, subjects with very high power dissipation may be at risk of thermally induced implant loosening. The large increase of the friction coefficient during each step could be caused by the synovia being squeezed out under load.
Embedded SML using the MLton compiler

In this extended abstract we present our current work on leveraging Standard ML for developing embedded and real-time systems. Specifically we detail our experiences in modifying MLton, a whole program, optimizing compiler for Standard ML, for use in such contexts. We focus primarily on the language runtime, re-working the threading subsystem and garbage collector, as well as necessary changes for integrating MLton generated programs into a light weight operating system kernel. We compare and contrast these changes to our previous work on extending MLton for multicore systems, which focused around acheiving scalability.
Practice of Epidemiology Validity of Recall of Tobacco Use in Two Prospective Cohorts

a The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Vol. 172, No. 7 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq179 Advance Access publication: August 18, 2010
Likert scale versus Q-table measures – a comparison of host community perceptions of a film festival

ABSTRACT Current literature on impact assessment stresses the need to focus on understanding respondents and suggests Q methodology as a suitable instrument. This paper aims to compare Q methodology and the commonly used Likert scaling, to evaluate the impact of residents’ perception at a film festival. A set of 23 impacts were offered to respondents and the same respondents were interviewed twice over the course of one month, first using Likert scaling, and second using Q-table. Finally, a factor analysis was conducted. The factor analysis revealed five factors for both survey techniques. However, the reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha showed weaker internal consistency for all factors using Q-table. The research results also showed that Likert scaling provided better statistical relevance and easier interpretation of results. Likert scaling also proved that respondents tended to indicate items as “strongly agree” or “agree”, so lower impact variability is shown. Using Q-table forced respondents to diversify their impact assessments and thus provided valuable information for practical application in decision-making processes. Despite differences in both analyses, some similarities could be seen.
Sexy sons: a dead end for cytoplasmic genes

Critics of sexual conflict theory argue that females may gain a net reproductive benefit from mating with manipulative males because the direct costs that they suffer may be offset by the production of sexy, i.e. manipulative, sons. However, this exclusive focus on nuclear gene effects represents an incomplete view of female fitness. Females differ fundamentally from males in transmitting not only nuclear genes but also a wide range of cytoplasmic genetic elements (CGEs) that can have profound effects, from male killing to influencing development of the nervous system and cognitive ability. Maternal transmission of CGEs has two major implications for sexual selection. First, the evolution of male fitness traits, such as sperm competitive ability, may be constrained because response to selection on mitochondrial genomes can occur only through the female line. Second, CGEs bear the direct costs of male manipulation but gain no indirect benefits when females produce sexy sons. This should result in perpetual antagonistic coevolution between nuclear genes involved in male manipulation and CGEs that promote female resistance to male sexually selected traits. Explicit consideration of the consequences of selection acting on CGEs is therefore necessary for a better understanding of the relationship between sexual selection and sexual conflict.
Pramipexole versus levodopa in patients with early Parkinson's disease: effect on generic and disease-specific quality of life.

OBJECTIVE Although health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been included in multiple Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical trials, little is known about how HRQOL responds to treatments over time. Here we assess the effect of therapy on HRQOL and explore factors that influence the HRQOL profiles and subdomains. METHOD A total of 301 subjects with early PD were randomized to either initial pramipexole or initial levodopa and followed every 3 months over a 4-year period. To estimate health outcomes, we used EQ-5D and PDQUALIF. We calculated the incremental effectiveness as the accumulated difference in the total HRQOL over time between treatments. The subgroup analyses (by sex, race, age, baseline patient characteristics, and occurrence of adverse events) were conducted using the same approach. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test the effect of missing data imputation on the results. RESULTS All three HRQOL measures resulted in similar profiles over time characterized by initial improvement over the first 3 to 6 months and followed by a gradual decline in years 2, 3, and 4. The difference in HRQOL between the treatment arms widened in favor of pramipexole in years 3 and 4 for all HRQOL measures used (EQ-5D: Y3 0.048, P = 0.03; Y4 0.071, P = 0.04). Our analyses suggested that the effect of pramipexole on HRQOL was mediated through nonmotor functions, whereas levodopa improved primarily motor domains of HRQOL. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that pramipexole and levodopa affect patient HRQOL via improvement on different domains of well-being: nonmotor effect for pramipexole and mobility improvement for levodopa.
Modeling leakage current and electric field behavior of wet contaminated insulators

The behavior of leakage current and electric field of insulators primarily depends on the environmental stresses. A mathematical analysis based on dimensional analysis technique is applied to develop the correlation of leakage current (LC) and electric field with the physical variables of the environmental stresses. The final model is established by relating the analytical results with the experimental results.
Scaling Biodiversity: Inverse latitudinal gradients in species diversity

Nosinglepatternofbiodiversityhasattractedecologistsmorethantheobservedincrease in species richness from the poles to the tropics (Pianka, 1966; Rohde,1992; Rosenzweig & Sandlin, 1997; Gaston & Blackburn, 2000; Willig, Kaufman& Stevens, 2003; Hillebrand, 2004). An obstacle in the search for the primarycause of this latitudinal gradient is the ever-increasing number of hypotheses(Pianka,1966;Rohde,1992;Clarke,thisvolume),theirinterdependence(Currie,1991; Gaston & Blackburn, 2000) and lack of rigorous falsification (Currie,Francis & Kerr, 1999; Currie, this volume). However, a general decline in speciesrichness with latitude is commonly observed (Pielou, 1977; Colwell & Hurtt,1994;WilligLColwellLZapata,GastonCColwell, Rahbek & Gotelli, 2004). Some groups of organisms, however, show an opposite trend: a strong latitu-dinal decline in species diversity towards the tropics. These trends have beenalmost neglected in the literature and little is known about their underlyingecological and evolutionary causes. Therefore, the ecological explanations prof-fered are usually specific to the group in question. Here an account of the mostimportant cases of inverse latitudinal gradients is given. The existing hypoth-eses explaining this phenomenon are summarized and the evidence that tendsto favor one of these is presented.
Cheating and Loss Aversion: Do People Cheat More to Avoid a Loss?

Does the extent of cheating depend on a proper reference point? We use a real-effort matrix task that implements a two (gain versus loss frame) times two (monitored performance versus unmonitored performance) between-subjects design with 600 experimental participants to examine whether the extent of cheating is reference dependent. Self-reported performance in the unmonitored condition is significantly higher than actual performance in the monitored condition-a clear indication of cheating. However, the level of cheating is by far higher in the loss frame than in the gain frame under no monitoring. The fear of a loss seems to lead to more dishonest behavior than the lure of a gain.
Eddy covariance measurements of carbon exchange and latent and sensible heat fluxes over a boreal lake for a full open‐water period

was >0 W/m 2 at night and <0 W/m 2 in daytime. The latent heat flux dominated clearly over H in spring and summer; that is, the Bowen ratio was less than 1. Highermoment turbulence statistics proved to be efficient in detection of frequent nonstationary situations. Applying the statistical criteria for CO2 concentration and vertical wind speed, averaging over a 5-min period and selecting only the wind direction with longest fetch, we could obtain lake-representative CO2 fluxes. Footprint analysis based on a closure model revealed that the source areas were relatively short because of the presence of turbulence generated by the surrounding forest, compared to a larger lake with an extended smooth surface. We observed a net CO2 source of 0.2–0.4 mmol m � 2 s � 1 excluding July, when the flux was closer to zero. The results are consistent with the gradient method, based on more infrequent sampling, and both methods gave the same average flux, 0.2 mmol m � 2 s � 1 , over the whole open-water period.
Point-Connecting Measurements of the Hallux Valgus Deformity: A New Measurement and Its Clinical Application

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate new point-connecting measurements for the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and the first intermetatarsal angle (IMA), which can reflect the degree of subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). Also, this study attempted to compare the validity of midline measurements and the new point-connecting measurements for the determination of HVA and IMA values. Materials and Methods Sixty feet of hallux valgus patients who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2011 were classified in terms of the severity of HVA, congruency of the first MTPJ, and type of chevron metatarsal osteotomy. On weight-bearing dorsal-plantar radiographs, HVA and IMA values were measured and compared preoperatively and postoperatively using both the conventional and new methods. Results Compared with midline measurements, point-connecting measurements showed higher inter- and intra-observer reliability for preoperative HVA/IMA and similar or higher inter- and intra-observer reliability for postoperative HVA/IMA. Patients who underwent distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) had higher intraclass correlation coefficient for inter- and intra-observer reliability for pre- and post-operative HVA and IMA measured by the point-connecting method compared with the midline method. All differences in the preoperative HVAs and IMAs determined by both the midline method and point-connecting methods were significant between the deviated group and subluxated groups (p=0.001). Conclusion The point-connecting method for measuring HVA and IMA in the subluxated first MTPJ may better reflect the severity of a HV deformity with higher reliability than the midline method, and is more useful in patients with DCMO than in patients with proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy.
Auditory-Spatial Executive Function across Spatial Frames of Reference

An experiment utilizing an auditory-spatial Stroop paradigm was created to assess whether participants are better able to attend to spatial or semantic information across near and far regions of space. Participants were instructed to attend to either the semantic information of a stimulus or identify the location of where the stimulus came from, depending on the condition. The sounds came from speakers that were physically located in either near space (peripersonal region of space) or far space (extrapersonal region of space) and the words were either “near” or “far. ” Results indicate that participants in general were quicker at responding to the semantic condition than the location condition. Furthermore, consistent with findings of many other Stroop-like experiments, there was a significant difference between congruent and incongruent trials in both task conditions. The results of this investigation provide additional insight into how people process different types of information across near and far regions of space.
Aetiological factors involved in the low response to gonadotrophins in infertile women with normal basal serum follicle stimulating hormone levels.

This study was designed to investigate possible aetiological factors involved in the low response to gonadotrophins in women with normal basal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations, stimulated for assisted reproduction. Nine of these patients with normal basal serum FSH and 22 normal controls (five of whom had had a normal response to previous gonadotrophin stimulation) were prospectively subjected to: (i) transvaginal pulsed colour Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the vessels surrounding the dominant follicle for blood flow impedance analysis, (ii) the clonidine test to explore the ability of the pituitary to release growth hormone, and (iii) detection of anti-granulosa cell auto-antibodies in blood using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pulsatility and resistance indices (PI, RI) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the women with low responses as compared to the controls on days -1 and 0 (day 0 = ovulation). Seven out of the nine low responders were out of the range calculated for normal values after evaluation of the controls. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the secretion of growth hormone 60-90 min after clonidine ingestion was observed in the low responders as compared to five controls with previous normal response to ovarian stimulation. Six out of the nine low responders showed a negative clonidine test. No increase in anti-granulosa cell auto-antibodies was observed in the low responders as compared to the controls, including normal responders. In conclusion, an abnormal follicular blood flow impedance in the natural cycle may be related to low responses to gonadotrophins in patients with normal serum FSH concentrations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A p-Adic Metric for Particle Mass Scale Organization with Genetic Divisors

The concept of genetic divisors can be given a quantitative measure with a non-Archimedean p-adic metric that is both computationally convenient and physically motivated. For two particles possessing distinct mass parameters x and y, the metric distance D(x, y) is expressed on the field of rational numbers Q as the inverse of the greatest common divisor [gcd (x , y)]. As a measure of genetic similarity, this metric can be applied to (1) the mass numbers of particle states and (2) the corresponding subgroup orders of these systems. The use of the Bezout identity in the form of a congruence for the expression of the gcd (x , y) corresponding to the v{sub e} and {sub {mu}} neutrinos (a) connects the genetic divisor concept to the cosmic seesaw congruence, (b) provides support for the {delta}-conjecture concerning the subgroup structure of particle states, and (c) quantitatively strengthens the interlocking relationships joining the values of the prospectively derived (i) electron neutrino (v{sub e}) mass (0.808 meV), (ii) muon neutrino (v{sub {mu}}) mass (27.68 meV), and (iii) unified strong-electroweak coupling constant ({alpha}*{sup -1} = 34.26).