Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Presentation of Target on the Physical Performance in Healthy Subjects: A Preliminary Study

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of presenting the target as an intrinsic reward on the physical performance of healthy subjects. Methods: Fifteen healthy people (62.9 ± 11.6 years old, mean ± standard deviation; 6 females and 9 males) were enrolled in this study. The task for physical performance was the Functional Reach Test, and participants performed the pre- and post-test. Participants were assigned randomly to a Control group, a High Target group (HT group) or Low Target group (LT group). In the control group, participants received feedback about each result and encouragement. In the HT group, participants received feedback about each result and were presented a target score that increased the result by 20%. In the LT group, participants received feedback about each result and were presented the target score that decreased the result by 20%. Results: The main effect of group was no significance (p=0.88). The main effect of time was significant (p=0.011). The group × time interaction was no significance (p=0.13). The post hoc test that compared the pre-test and post-test within each group was significant only in the HT group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this preliminary study indicate that physical performance in healthy people improved by presenting a set target, as well as feedback of the result. In particular, the results showed that a high target slightly beyond each result was more desirable than a low target. Together, our results suggest that the presentation of a set target as an intrinsic reward may improve physical performance and motivation.
Jump PDA's, deterministic context-free languages principal AFDLs and polynomial time recognition—(Extended Abstract)

Every deterministic context-free language can be accepted by a deterministic finite delay pda with jumps. Increasing the number of types or occurrences of jumps increases the family of languages accepted with finite delay. Hence the family of deterministic context-free language is a principal AFDL; there is a context-free language Lo such that every context-free language is an inverse gsm image of Lo or Lo - {e}. A similar result holds for quasirealtime Turing machine languages. Several languages are given such that deterministic and nondeterministic polynomial time acceptance are equivalent if and only if any one of them is deterministic polynomial time acceptable.
Conditions for Detectability in Distributed Consensus-Based Observer Networks

This technical note discusses fundamental detectability properties associated with the problem of distributed state estimation using networked observers. The main result of the technical note establishes connections between detectability of the plant through measurements, observability of the node filters through interconnections, and algebraic properties of the underlying communication graph, to ensure the interconnected filtering error dynamics are stabilizable via output injection.
A Year of Episodic Memory

Endowing an intelligent agent with an episodic memory provides knowledge that is invaluable for acting in the present, as well as supporting a wide range of cognitive capabilities. However, affording fast episode retrievals over long agent lifetimes presents significant theoretical and practical challenges. In this paper, we propose developing episodic memory systems that can efficiently store and retrieve experiences over the course of a year.
Histidine at Residue 99 and the Transmembrane Region of the Precursor Membrane prM Protein Are Important for the prM-E Heterodimeric Complex Formation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT The formation of the flavivirus prM-E complex is an important step for the biogenesis of immature virions, which is followed by a subsequent cleavage of prM to M protein through cellular protease to result in the production and release of mature virions. In this study, the intracellular formation of the prM-E complex of Japanese encephalitis virus was investigated by baculovirus coexpression of prM and E in trans in Sf9 insect cells as analyzed by anti-E antibody immunoprecipitation and sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis. A series of carboxyl-terminally truncated prM mutant baculoviruses was constructed to demonstrate that the truncations of the transmembrane (TM) region resulted in a reduction of the formation of the stable prM-E complex by approximately 40% for the TM1 (at residues 130 to 147 [prM130-147]) truncation and 20% for TM2 (at prM153-167) truncation. Alanine-scanning site-directed mutagenesis on the prM99-103 region indicated that the His99 residue was the critical prM binding element for stable prM-E heterodimeric complex formation. The single amino acid mutation at the His99 residue of prM abolishing the prM-E interaction was not due to reduced expression or different subcellular location of the mutant prM protein involved in prM-E interactions as characterized by pulse-chase labeling and confocal scanning microscopic analysis. Recombinant subviral particles were detected in the Sf9 cell culture supernatants by baculovirus coexpression of prM and E proteins but not with the prM H99A mutant. Sequence alignment analysis was further conducted with different groups of flaviviruses to show that the prM H99 residues are generally conserved. Our findings are the first report to characterize the minimum binding elements of the prM protein that are involved in prM-E interactions of flaviviruses. This information, concerning a molecular framework for the prM protein, is considered to elucidate the structure/function relationship of the prM-E complex synthesis and provide the proper trajectory for flavivirus assembly and maturation.
Shock wave lithotripsy at 60 or 120 shocks per minute: a randomized, double-blind trial.

PURPOSE The rate of shock wave administration is a factor in the per shock efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Experimental evidence suggests that decreasing shock wave frequency from 120 shocks per minute results in improved stone fragmentation. To our knowledge this study is the first to examine the effect of decreased shock wave frequency in patients with renal stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated radiopaque stones in the renal collecting system were randomized to SWL at 60 or 120 shocks per minute. They were followed at 2 weeks and 3 months. The primary outcome was the success rate, defined as stone-free status or asymptomatic fragments less than 5 mm 3 months after treatment. RESULTS A total of 220 patients were randomized, including 111 to 60 shocks per minute and 109 to 120 shocks per minute. The 2 groups were comparable in regard to age, sex, body mass index, stent status and initial stone area. The success rate was higher for 60 shocks per minute (75% vs 61%, p = 0.027). Patients with larger stones (stone area 100 mm or greater) experienced a greater benefit with treatment at 60 shocks per minute. The success rate was 71% for 60 shocks per minute vs 32% (p = 0.002) and the stone-free rate was 60% vs 28% (p = 0.015). Repeat SWL was required in 32% of patients treated with 120 shocks per minute vs 18% (p = 0.018). Fewer shocks were required with 60 shocks per minute (2,423 vs 2,906, p <0.001) but treatment time was longer (40.6 vs 24.2 minutes, p <0.001). There was a trend toward fewer complications with 60 shocks per minute (p = 0.079). CONCLUSIONS SWL treatment at 60 shocks per minute yields better outcomes than at 120 shocks per minute, particularly for stones 100 mm or greater, without any increase in morbidity and with an acceptable increase in treatment time.
Risk Factors for Discontinuation of S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the risk factors for discontinuing tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium (S-1) adjuvant chemotherapy following gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients with curatively-resected gastric cancer who received S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. S-1 was administered orally at 80-120 mg/day, depending on body surface area, on days 1-28 every 6 weeks for 1 year. The dose and treatment schedule were modified at the clinicians' discretion, according to toxicity. Results: Seventy-one patients were included in the study, 26 of whom discontinued S-1 therapy. The relapse-free survival rates in the S-1-completed and S-1-discontinuation groups at 5 years post-surgery were 88.1% and 55.8%, respectively. The overall survival rates in the S-1-completed and S-1-discontinuation groups at 5 years post-surgery were 89.4% and 59.8%, respectively. The hazard ratios for relapse and death were significantly lower in the S-1-completed group compared with those in the S-1-discontinuation group (0.18; p<0.001 and 0.19; p=0.002, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that S-1 discontinuation was significantly associated with an initial overdose of S-1, having stage I cancer, creatinine clearance <66 mL/min, and a side effect of nausea. Conclusions: These results suggest that assessing renal function to avoid initial overdose of S-1, together with the early management of side effects, may support the continuation of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer.
Primary Structure of a Dynamin-related Mouse Mitochondrial GTPase and Its Distribution in Brain, Subcellular Localization, and Effect on Mitochondrial Morphology*

A new member of the dynamin GTPase family (OPA1) was recently identified in humans and shown to be mutated in patients with dominant optic atrophy. To understand better the function of mammalian OPA1, we isolated a mouse ortholog (mOPA1) from brain and raised a specific antibody against its C terminus. The subcellular distribution of mOPA1 overexpressed in COS-7 cells largely overlapped that of endogenous cytochrome c, a well known mitochondrial marker, and dramatically affected mitochondrial morphology, altering it from tubular to vesicular. Mitochondrial targeting was mediated by the N-terminal region of mOPA1 as follows: deletion of the 124 N-terminal amino acids eliminated mitochondrial targeting, although fusion of the N-terminal 60 or 90 amino acids of mOPA1 with green fluorescent protein resulted in its mitochondrial targeting. mOPA1 was expressed widely in the mouse brain, especially in neurons of olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, red nucleus, cochlear nucleus, motor trigeminal nucleus, facial nucleus, cerebellar nucleus, and Purkinje cells. Within dissociated cerebellar cells, mOPA1 protein was clearly observed in the dendrites and somas of neuronal cells, as well as in astrocytes and meningeal cells. In each case, it was distributed in the vesicular pattern seen in other cell types.
Nature of the Differences in the Intraseasonal Variability of the Pacific and Atlantic Storm Tracks: A Diagnostic Study

Abstract On the basis of an intraseasonal variability index of storm track evaluated for 40 winters (1963–64 through 2003–04) of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, it is found that well-defined midwinter minimum [MWMIN; (midwinter maximum MWMAX)] occurs in 21 (8) winters over the North Pacific. In contrast, MWMIN (MWMAX) occurs in 4 (25) of the 40 winters over the North Atlantic. The power spectrum of such an index for the Pacific has a broad peak between 5 and 10 yr, whereas the spectrum of the index for the Atlantic has comparable power in two spectral bands: 2–2.8 and 3.5–8 yr. Over the North Pacific, the increase in the zonal asymmetry of the background baroclinicity as well as in the corresponding horizontal deformation of the time-mean jet from early/late winter to midwinter is distinctly larger in an MWMIN winter. Associated with these changes, there is a distinctly stronger barotropic damping rate in the January of an MWMIN winter. The increase in the net conversion rate of eddy kinetic energy from early/.
Translator celebrity: investigating Haruki Murakami’s visibility as a translator

Haruki Murakami is a world-renowned novelist, whose phenomenal popularity is referred to as Murakami genshō or the ‘Murakami Phenomenon’ (Wakatsuki 2016, p. 1). In Japan, he is also a celebrity translator whose translations are much reviewed and discussed in the mass media (Sato 2009, p. 13), and his career as a translator attracts readers as much as his reputation as a writer does for his original works (Hadley and Akashi 2015, p. 1). What is more, his celebrity translator status attracts some readers to his translations rather than to his novels (Murakami 2017, p. 11). The leading Japanese literary critic Yoshihiko Kazamaru (2006, p. 52) argues that naming Murakami as the translator can be seen as a branding strategy, something which is borne out by the fact that his name is printed in a larger font than those of the source text authors. As Hirabayashi (2009, p. 8) concludes, ‘there is no denying that both Murakami’s writing and translation practices have contributed to the formation of the “Murakami brando” [Murakami brand]’. This suggests that the Murakami translator brand largely consists of his literary fame and the appeal of his name on the front cover of his translations. However, another factor that can be said to contribute to his popularity as a translator is the novelty of his interpretations. These are influenced by his writer’s creativity as well as his ‘authorial presence’ in the translation, which projects his idiosyncratic writing style onto the translated work. This article argues that it is not only Murakami’s global fame as an author of original works that has transformed him into a celebrity translator, but also the interrelationship between his authorial and translation practices. This interrelation manifests itself, as will become clear, in the way his translations are promoted, the way the author is marketed by publishers, and how his readers and critics respond to his work. By analysing how Murakami’s translator celebrity takes shape and how it is valued, this contribution aims to answer the following questions: what constitutes Murakami’s fame as a translator? How are his writing and translation practices linked? To what extent does his literary fame influence his status as a translator? Murakami is, of course, not the onlywriter currently famous in Japanwho also undertakes literary translation. Prominent writers such as Saiichi Maruya published 20 translations between 1952 and 1985, and more recently Aoko Matsuda and Enjōtou have also been translating foreign fiction. However, there are two factors that differentiate Murakami from
Replicating Adenovirus-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Vectors Efficiently Prime SIV-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses by Targeting Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Persisting in Rectal Macrophages, Regardless of Immunization Route

ABSTRACT Although priming with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants, followed by HIV/SIV envelope boosting, has proven highly immunogenic, resulting in protection from SIV/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenges, Ad5hr recombinant distribution, replication, and persistence have not been examined comprehensively in nonhuman primates. We utilized Ad5hr-green fluorescent protein and Ad5hr-SIV recombinants to track biodistribution and immunogenicity following mucosal priming of rhesus macaques by the intranasal/intratracheal, sublingual, vaginal, or rectal route. Ad recombinants administered by all routes initially targeted macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and rectal tissue, later extending to myeloid dendritic cells in BAL fluid with persistent expression in rectal mucosa 25 weeks after the last Ad immunization. Comparable SIV-specific immunity, including cellular responses, serum binding antibody, and mucosal secretory IgA, was elicited among all groups. The ability of the vector to replicate in multiple mucosal sites irrespective of delivery route, together with the targeting of macrophages and professional antigen-presenting cells, which provide potent immunogenicity at localized sites of virus entry, warrants continued use of replicating Ad vectors.
Two-stage designs for experiments with a large number of hypotheses

MOTIVATION When a large number of hypotheses are investigated the false discovery rate (FDR) is commonly applied in gene expression analysis or gene association studies. Conventional single-stage designs may lack power due to low sample sizes for the individual hypotheses. We propose two-stage designs where the first stage is used to screen the 'promising' hypotheses which are further investigated at the second stage with an increased sample size. A multiple test procedure based on sequential individual P-values is proposed to control the FDR for the case of independent normal distributions with known variance. RESULTS The power of optimal two-stage designs is impressively larger than the power of the corresponding single-stage design with equal costs. Extensions to the case of unknown variances and correlated test statistics are investigated by simulations. Moreover, it is shown that the simple multiple test procedure using first stage data for screening purposes and deriving the test decisions only from second stage data is a very powerful option.
, in Immune Individuals Antibody Responses to Conserved Antigen Erythrocytes with Parasite Endemicity and-Infected Plasmodium falciparum G to Relationship of Binding of Immunoglobulin

10.1128/CDLI.11. 1.6-11.2004. 2004, 11(1):6. DOI: Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. Mercereau-Puijalon and Ronald Perraut Jean-François Trape, Alioune Dieye, Olivier Garraud, Odile Antoine-Marie Diatta, Laurence Marrama, Adama Tall, in Immune Individuals Antibody Responses to Conserved Antigen Erythrocytes with Parasite Endemicity and -Infected Plasmodium falciparum G to Relationship of Binding of Immunoglobulin
Plasma Indicator Dispersion in Arteries of the Human Leg

Indicator-dilution curves were recorded from the femoral and dorsalis pedis arteries of five normal men after injections of indocyanine green into the superior vena cava or thoracic aorta. By considering the femoral curves as inputs to a mathematically linear system and the dorsalis pedis curves as outputs, transfer functions (the distribution of transit times) for the arterial segment between these sites were obtained in terms of a four-parameter model, the lagged normal density curve, over a sixfold range of flow rates. The parameters of the spread (dispersion) of 57 transfer functions were proportional to the mean transit time. The mean difference between transit time and appearance time was 0.30 t¯; the square root of the variances was 0.18 t¯. These linear relationships suggest that flow rate has no significant influence on dispersion and that, since no transition from laminar to turbulent flow was apparent, arterial flow characteristics were not significantly changed over a wide range of flow rates. The secondary implication is that the rate of spatial longitudinal spreading of indicator with distance traveled is primarily a function of the geometry of the arterial system, not of the rate of flow, and, therefore, that the spatial distribution at any instant is a function of this rate and of the distance traveled through the system.
Coherence–incoherence crossover in the normal state of iron oxypnictides and importance of Hund's rule coupling

A new class of high-temperature superconductors based on iron and arsenic was recently discovered (Kamihara et al 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 3296), with the superconducting transition temperature as high as 55 K (Ren et al 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 2215). Here we show, using microscopic theory, that the normal state of the iron pnictides at high temperatures is highly anomalous, displaying a very enhanced magnetic susceptibility and a linear temperature dependence of the resistivity. Below a coherence scale T*, the resistivity sharply drops and susceptibility crosses over to Pauli-like temperature dependence. Remarkably, the coherence–incoherence crossover temperature is a very strong function of the strength of Hund's rule coupling JHund. On the basis of the normal state properties, we estimate JHund to be ∼0.35 eV. In the atomic limit, this value of JHund leads to the critical ratio of the exchange constants J1/J2∼2. While normal state incoherence is common to all strongly correlated superconductors, the mechanism for emergence of the incoherent state in iron oxypnictides is unique due to its multiorbital electronic structure.
The luminosity function, halo masses and stellar masses of luminous Lyman-break galaxies at redshifts 5 < z < 6

We present the results of a study of a large sample of luminous (z 0 A B < 26) Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) in the redshift interval 4:7 < z < 6:3, selected from a contiguous 0.63 square degree area covered by the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) and the Subaru XMMNewton Survey (SXDS). Utilising the large area coverage and the excellent available optical+nearIR data, we use a photometric redshift analysis to derive a new, robust, measurement
Long-Term (1-Year) Safety and Efficacy of a Single 6-mL Injection of Hylan G-F 20 in Indian Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis

Introduction: The prevalence of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) among Asians ≥65 years is estimated to double by 2040. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single, 6-mL intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 in Indian patients with knee OA at 26 weeks through to 52 weeks. Methods: This study was an open-label, multicentre, phase 4 clinical trial. Enrolled patients (N=394) were ≥30 years old with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1–3 OA; all patients received hylan G-F 20. WOMAC, SF-12, PTGA, and COGA scores, and OA medication use were evaluated at weeks 1, 4, 12, 26, 39, and 52 (initial treatment phase). At 26, 39, or 52 weeks, eligible patients could participate in a repeat treatment phase. McNemar-Bowkers, paired t-tests and ANOVA analyses were performed (alpha=0.05). Results: At 26 weeks, statistically significant changes from baseline were observed in all efficacy parameters, including the primary efficacy endpoint of WOMAC A1 (p<0.0001). Improvements continued for 52 weeks. No significant changes occurred in concomitant medication use. Eleven patients (2.8%) were re-injected at week 26 or 52. After repeat injection, statistically significant decreases were observed in WOMAC A1, WOMAC C and PTGA scores (p≤0.028). Twenty-three (5.8%) patients reported 26 local target knee AEs. Conclusion: Among Indian patients within this study, a 6-mL hylan G-F 20 injection was well tolerated and effective in treating symptomatic knee OA with significant long-term (1 year) improvement of outcomes. When needed, repeat treatment was safe and efficacious for 4 weeks. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2010/091/000052) www.ctri. nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php.