Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student Teachers' Views of Pupil Misbehaviour in Classrooms: A Norwegian and an English setting compared

This paper examines how student teachers in Norway and England perceive pupil misbehaviour. The data are based on an opportunistic questionnaire survey of 86 student teachers in Kristiansand and 100 student teachers in York. Student teachers' perceptions of the seriousness of infractions were significantly different with regard to 7 of the items, with the students in Norway being relatively more tolerant. There were a few differences linked to sex and age. A principal components analysis identified 6 factors that were labelled: aggression towards other pupils, delinquent behaviour, oppositional behaviour, passive deviance, anti‐social behaviour, and off‐task behaviour. With few exceptions, student teachers in Norway and England regarded serious aggressive, delinquent and anti‐social behaviour as totally unacceptable. This suggests that it is appropriate to encourage student teachers (and their school mentors) to consistently censure these kinds of pupil misbehaviour.
The effects of regulatory focus and tie strength on word‐of‐mouth behaviour

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of tie strength on word‐of‐mouth (WOM) amount and how regulatory focus moderates these effects.Design/methodology/approach – Two studies were conducted with undergraduates of a top Asian university with sample sizes of 106 and 100 using experimental setups.Findings – Replicating findings from existing research, a greater amount of WOM was shared between strong ties compared to weak ties. However, the main finding was that this tie strength effect only held for a prevention‐focused WOM giver but not for a promotion‐focused WOM giver. The latter was found instead giving a similar amount of WOM to strong and weak ties.Research limitations/implications – The two experiments required subjects to write out their WOM. This may be a limitation since WOM is usually spoken instead of written. Future research can compare spoken and written WOM to evaluate the robustness of the current findings.Practical implications – Findings from this paper can help.
A Genome-Wide Screen for Regulators of TORC1 in Response to Amino Acid Starvation Reveals a Conserved Npr2/3 Complex

TORC1 is a central regulator of cell growth in response to amino acid availability, yet little is known about how it is regulated. Here, we performed a reverse genetic screen in yeast for genes necessary to inactivate TORC1. The screen consisted of monitoring the expression of a TORC1 sensitive GFP-based transcriptional reporter in all yeast deletion strains using flow cytometry. We find that in response to amino acid starvation, but not to carbon starvation or rapamycin treatment, cells lacking NPR2 and NPR3 fail to fully (1) activate transcription factors Gln3/Gat1, (2) dephosphorylate TORC1 effector Npr1, and (3) repress ribosomal protein gene expression. Both mutants show proliferation defects only in media containing a low quality nitrogen source, such as proline or ammonia, whereas no defects are evident when cells are grown in the presence of glutamine or peptone mixture. Proliferation defects in npr2Δ and npr3Δ cells can be completely rescued by artificially inhibiting TORC1 by rapamycin, demonstrating that overactive TORC1 in both strains prevents their ability to adapt to an environment containing a low quality nitrogen source. A biochemical purification of each demonstrates that Npr2 and Npr3 form a heterodimer, and this interaction is evolutionarily conserved since the human homologs of NPR2 and NPR3 (NPRL2 and NPRL3, respectively) also co-immunoprecipitate. We conclude that, in yeast, the Npr2/3 complex mediates an amino acid starvation signal to TORC1.
In Vitro Release Studies of Flurbiprofen from Different Topical Formulations

ABSTRACT The release profiles of flurbiprofen (F) from different gel and ointment formulations were studied in order to evaluate factors governing the release process. Carbopol 934P (CAB), poloxamer 407 (POL), and eudragit S100 (EUD) gel bases were used, while emulsion (EML) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) ointments were employed. The release studies were conducted using membraneless diffusion cells and lipophilic receptor medium, isopropyl myristate (IPM). The effects of gelling agent concentrations and the initial drug load on drug release were determined. Hydrogels were observed to give higher amounts of drug release than hydrophobic EUD gel and ointments, despite the lower bulk viscosity of these bases. Flurbiprofen release from CAB gels was 3.06–1.56-fold higher than from other formulations. Over a 4-hr period, the amount of F released was 492.8 and 316.0 µg/cm2 from 2% CAB and 25% POL gels, while it was 213.05, 168.61, and 160.9 µg/cm2 from EML, 40% EUD, and PEG bases, respectively. The diffusivity of F in the gel bases was an inverse function of the polymer concentrations over the range of 1–3% CAB, 20–30% POL, and 35–45% EUD gels. Drug release was increased from the bases as the initial F concentration increased over the range 0.25–1.0%, while the diffusion coefficient observed an inverse relationship. The CAB and POL gels could be the vehicles of choice for the rapid release and onset of F after topical application.
Andrology: Cumulative conception rate following intrauterine artificial insemination with husband's spermatozoa: influence of husband's age

This paper presents the analysis of 901 cycles of intrauterine artificial insemination with the husband's spermatozoa (AIHIU) in 274 couples who obtained 80 pregnancies. The cumulative pregnancy rate after three cycles of AIHIU was 22% and reached 39% after six cycles. Univariate analysis disclosed two factors of poor prognosis: duration of infertility > 3 years (P = 0.01) and husband's age (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most significant factor contributing to a decreased likelihood of pregnancy was the age of the husband (P = 0.01), then duration of infertility and dysovulation. The wife's age > or = 35 years did not appear to be of poor prognostic value when taking into consideration the three other factors.
A General and Maladaptive Personality Perspective on Youth Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

Based on Krueger's (2005) conceptual model of the personality-psychopathology relationship, this study examines how personality predicts different youth obsessive-compulsive symptoms, comparing the relative contribution of general and maladaptive personality traits. Three-hundred forty-four adolescents provided self-reports on an obsessive-compulsive scale, and their mothers rated their child's general and maladaptive personality. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that personality differentially predicts obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and that the relative significance of general versus maladaptive personality predictors differs across various forms of obsessive-compulsive pathology. The results are discussed in terms of the value of including both general and maladaptive personality measures in the assessment of early obsessive-compulsive difficulties.
(R)‐N‐[11C]methyl‐3‐pyrrolidyl benzilate, a high‐affinity reversible radioligand for PET studies of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

We recently reported the synthesis and binding affinity of ligands for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) based on both the pyrrolidyl and piperidyl benzilate scaffold. One of these, (R)‐3‐pyrrolidyl benzilate, was successfully radiolabeled with [11C]methyl triflate and the resulting compound, (R)‐N‐[11C]methyl‐3‐pyrrolidyl benzilate (3‐[11C]NMPYB), was evaluated as a reversible, acetylcholine‐sensitive tracer for the mAChR (Ki of unlabeled 3‐NMPYB is 0.72 nM). This compound displayed high, receptor‐mediated retention in regions of the mouse and rat brain known to have high concentrations of mAChRs. Moreover, bolus studies in a pigtail monkey showed that this compound had superior clearance from the brain when compared to muscarinic radiotracers previously employed in human PET studies. Infusion studies in the same monkey revealed that it was possible to achieve equilibrium of radiotracer distribution for 3‐[11C]NMPYB in both the striatum and cortex. Sensitivity to endogenous acetylcholine levels was evaluated by injecting phenserine (5 mg/kg) into rats prior to administration of 3‐[11C]NMPYB in an equilibrium infusion protocol. This pretreatment produced a modest, statistically significant decrease (9–11%) in the distribution volume ratios for muscarinic receptor rich regions of the rat brain as compared to controls. Synapse 45:31–37, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imagining futures: The public school and possibility

A vision of what public education in the US might become is here prefaced by an examination of the fin de siecle social and political turbulence, with new problems and old issues surfacing to influence the possibilities for schools. Two cornerstones of a vision are then articulated: the need for community, for a coming together with something to pursue, and the importance of the imaginative voice of the artist in human conversation. These cornerstones yield a description of the kinds of reflective encounters for children along with the aesthetic necessary for the development of social imagination and the development of an articulate public.
Attachment, caregiving, and marital satisfaction

This research tested the proposition that attachment and caregiving are central, interrelated components of adult love relationships. A sample of 229 married couples was used to assess the association between attachment and caregiving styles and the implications of these variables for marital satisfaction. There was evidence of partner matching in terms of dimensions of attachment (Comfort with closeness, Anxiety over relationships) and caregiving (Responsive care, Compulsive care). Secure attachment (high Comfort with closeness, low Anxiety over relationships) was associated with beneficial caregiving to the spouse (high Responsive care, low Compulsive care). These associations were modest in size, however, suggesting that attachment and caregiving are separate constructs; further, these constructs were related in different ways to retrospective reports of early parenting. Marital satisfaction was higher for securely attached spouses, and for those whose partners reported more beneficial caregiving. For husbands, however, the link between caregiving and satisfaction was restricted to short-term marriages, and to those high in Anxiety over relationships. Overall, the results support the role of attachment and caregiving in marriage, but suggest that variables such as gender have important moderating effects.
Subspace Predictive Repetitive Control with Lifted Domain Identification for Wind Turbine Individual Pitch Control

Individual pitch control (IPC) is gaining increasing acceptance as a method for mitigation of periodic disturbances in wind turbines. This paper aims at formulating a repetitive control (RC) methodology capable of adapting online to changing turbine dynamics. This is achieved by performing system identification in a reduced-dimensional space using basis functions and using the identified parameters to synthesise an RC law to reject periodic disturbances: this methodology is termed Subspace Predictive Repetitive Control (SPRC). The method is tested on an industrial simulation test bench and is able to identify and perform load control on the turbine without affecting its power production.
New Approaches in the Development of a Vaccine for Mucosal Candidiasis: Progress and Challenges

The commensal fungus Candida albicans causes mucosal candidiasis in the rapidly expanding number of immunocompromised patients. Mucosal candidiasis includes oropharyngeal, esophageal, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and antimycotic-refractory recurrent VVC is a frequent problem in healthy childbearing women. Both these mucosal infections can affect the quality of life and finding new therapeutical and preventive approaches is a challenge. A vaccine against candidal infections would be a new important tool to prevent and/or cure mucosal candidiasis and would be of benefit to many patients. Several Candida antigens have been proposed as vaccine candidates including cell wall components and virulence factors. Here we discuss the recent progress and problems associated with vaccination against mucosal candidiasis.
A pilot study of the use of physical intervention in the crisis management of people with intellectual disabilities who present challenging behaviour

The use of physical intervention in response to challenging behaviour in a nonspecialized intellectual disability service setting was found to be extremely high. In addition, staff confidence in their ability to prevent and respond to crisis situations involving challenging behaviour was extremely low. All staff within this setting received training in Strategies in Crisis Intervention and Prevention (SCIP). At three-month follow-up staff felt more confident in the management of crisis, and more supported by their organization. No significant effects on the number of incidents reported were found, although the data suggested an increased tendency to use a physical intervention relative to other methods following training. The implications of these findings for service design and further research are discussed.
Paediatric surgery

This chapter on paediatric surgery covers procedures performed from fetus to 16 years of age. The wide range is succinctly covered with appropriate detail for both those looking to apply for medicine, and those in medical school. The chapter reviews oncological conditions, most importantly, leukaemia. It also studies common conditions such as abdominal pain, hernia, undescended testicles, and appendicitis. Surgical management of gastrointestinal illnesses such as pyloric stenosis, intussusception, and Hirschsprung’s disease is covered along with urological conditions such as hypospadias. It also discusses important neonatal presentations of necrotizing enterocolitis and gastrointestinal atresia, to name a few.
Salience and silence: representation of the Zimbabwean crisis in the local press

The power of the press to shape public opinion is well documented. News readers take a cue from the press on how much salience to attach to an issue. The press are primary sources of ‘the pictures in our heads’ and furnish us with interpretative frameworks for understanding public affairs. This article examines representation of the Zimbabwean crisis by the local press between 2000 and 2008. It is argued that representation of the Zimbabwean crisis mirrors the contours chalked by the polarized media environment.
A DEIM Induced CUR Factorization

We derive a CUR approximate matrix factorization based on the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM). For a given matrix ${\bf A}$, such a factorization provides a low-rank approximate decomposition of the form ${\bf A} \approx \bf C \bf U \bf R$, where ${\bf C}$ and ${\bf R}$ are subsets of the columns and rows of ${\bf A}$, and ${\bf U}$ is constructed to make $\bf C\bf U \bf R $ a good approximation. Given a low-rank singular value decomposition ${\bf A} \approx \bf V \bf S \bf W^T$, the DEIM procedure uses ${\bf V}$ and ${\bf W}$ to select the columns and rows of ${\bf A}$ that form ${\bf C}$ and ${\bf R}$. Through an error analysis applicable to a general class of CUR factorizations, we show that the accuracy tracks the optimal approximation error within a factor that depends on the conditioning of submatrices of ${\bf V}$ and ${\bf W}$. For very large problems, ${\bf V}$ and ${\bf W}$ can be approximated well using an incremental QR algorithm that makes only one pass through ${\bf A}$. Numer.
Interplay between native topology and non-native interactions in the folding of tethered proteins

We assessed the interplay of native topology and non-native interactions on surface-tethered protein folding via extensive Monte Carlo simulations of a simple lattice model. In particular, we investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics of protein-like sequences enclosing different amounts of non-native interactions to protein energetics, and which were designed to fold to distinct native topologies. Our results show that the high-contact order (CO) structure renders a folding transition that is robust to (external) steric constraints and non-native interactions. On the other hand, the folding process of the simple low-CO topology can be easily hampered by the presence of a nearby chemically inert plane. In this case, if non-native interactions are highly conspicuous during folding they can actually drive chain collapse into a very native-like trapped state, which impedes the formation of the native structure. The analysis of folding kinetics reveals that the empirical correlation between folding rate and CO may not apply to surface-tethered protein folding. Indeed, results reported here show that depending on the native environment of the tethered chain terminus the folding rate of a low-CO topology can become so drastically small that the high-CO topology actually folds faster under the same conditions. We predict that complex topologies are more likely to conserve their bulk folding mechanism upon surface tethering.
A Sociolinguistic Study of American Slang

Slang is widely used by people from all walks of life. American slang is formed and developed with American history. It has its unique characteristics and functions. American slang reflects American culture. A sociolinguistic study of American slang helps people know more about American culture and society. This paper discusses American slang from the following perspectives, features of American slang, individual factors influencing American slang, social factors influencing American slang as well as the social functions of American slang.
Improving communicative competence with ‘clickers’: acceptance/attitudes among Nigerian primary school teachers

This study examined the predictive power of teachers’ perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), behavioural intention (BI) to use personal response system (PRS) and computer experience (CE) on teachers’ acceptance and attitude towards using PRS in improving communicative competence in the classroom where English is taught as a second language (ESL). Seventeen teachers constituted the sample for the study. A self-report questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide were used for data collection. Results indicated that teachers were generally positively disposed to integrating PRS in ESL classroom. Moreover, teachers’ disposition was not significantly dictated by gender. Except for CE, constructs like PU, PEU and BI showed significant positive correlation with attitude to PRS. The results of regression analysis indicated that the set of variables combined to predict teachers’ acceptance and attitude towards using PRS. Relatively, PU was the potent predictor of the dependent variable.
Children’s Environmental Values in the Early School Years

The environmental values of children from four different environments are investigated through a concept drawing tool alongside other media. The number of features commented upon by the children were related to age and experience while the type of environmental features and experiences valued by children stressed the significance of first-hand experience and practical teaching activities in the outdoors. Where teachers modelled values, the learning was all the more effective. The most enthusiastic children were those who had been motivated and involved in their surroundings.
Children's perceptions of river landscapes and play: what children's photographs reveal

The insights that children's photography can provide into children's perceptions of river landscapes and play opportunities are focused upon, based on an analysis of over 500 photographs and comments generated during visits to two London rivers by children aged nine to eleven from three nearby schools. In their photographs, the children recognized the aesthetic appeal of specific natural features of the river landscapes, particularly trees. Some also appreciated broader river landscape ‘views’. The rivers themselves were seen as littered and polluted. Dangers were identified, but these were not seen as unmanageable. The children recognized the special character of the rivers as play places affording varied, adventurous and manipulable play opportunities, but wanted cleaner, safer, more accessible and managed rivers. Some differences were found in the responses of boys and girls and in the children's responses to the two rivers. The urban children taking part in the study showed little understanding of the functions that living and decaying riverside vegetation might have in river ecology, indicating a need for more environmental education.
Apology. Development and validation of a mood measure for adolescents.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a shortened version of the Pro® le of Mood States suitable for use with adolescents. The Pro® le of Mood States-Adolescents (POMS-A) was administered to 1693 participants from two populations: school children and young athletes. Con® rmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of a 24-item six-factor model using both independent and multi-sample analyses. Correlations of POMS-A scores with previously validated inventories, which were consistent with theoretical predictions, provided evidence of criterion validity. It is proposed that the POMS-A is a valid instrument for the assessment of mood in adolescents.
Saliency Segmentation based on Learning and Graph Cut Refinement

Saliency detection is a well researched problem in computer vision. In previous work, most of the effort is spent on manually devising a saliency measure. Instead we propose a simple algorithm that uses a dataset with manually marked salient objects to learn to detect saliency. Building on the recent success of segmentation-based approaches to object detection, our saliency detection is based on image superpixels, as opposed to individual image pixels. Our features are the standard ones often used in vision, i.e. they are based on color, texture, etc. These simple features, properly normalized, surprisingly have a performance superior to the methods with hand-crafted features specifically designed for saliency detection. We refine the initial segmentation returned by the learned classifier by performing binary graph-cut optimization. This refinement step is performed on pixel level to alleviate any potential inaccuracies due to superpixel tesselation. The initial appearance models are updated in an iterative segmentation framework. To insure that the classifier results are not completely ignored during later iterations, we incorporate classifier confidences into our graph-cut refinement. Evaluation on the standard datasets shows a significant advantage of our approach over previous work.
Rationality, Meaning, and the Analysis of Delusion

ON WHAT I will call a rationalist approach to delusion, delusion is a matter of topdown disturbance in some fundamental beliefs of the subject, which may consequently affect experiences and actions. On an empiricist approach, in contrast, delusion is a rational response to highly unusual experiences that the subject has, perhaps as a result of organic damage. Ellis and Young (1990) recently provided an empiricist analysis of the Capgras and Cotard delusions. I want to begin with some remarks on just why it is important to the empiricist approach that it should acknowledge the rationality of the subject’s delusional responses to unusual stimuli. We will see that when the rationale for the rationality constraint is fully set out, it is questionable whether Ellis and Young’s approach actually succeeds in giving its place to the rationality constraint. In conclusion, I will look briefly at the prospects for a rationalist approach and at what other approaches might be possible.