Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de la intensidad media diaria y de los perfiles horarios del tráfico vehicular del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

On-road traffic is a significant source of air pollutants. The spatial and temporal configuration of on-road emissions should be described with the best available information, to underpin the air quality management, or to undertake studies about the behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere. The emission maps are typically built using intensity maps and hourly traffic profiles. We present an updated map for the year 2013, of the daily intensity of traffic of the Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ) and its hourly variation by type of day, based on counting 335 points developed by the Secretary of Mobility from the Municipality of Quito. The roads with most traffic are located mainly in the north of the urban area of Quito and those that connect to the valleys of Los Chillos Cumbaya and Tumbaco. In the north, the traffic flow of working days is over Saturday flows (10%) and Sundays (60%). In the south, traffic flow on Saturdays is similar to the values of working days. On Sundays, the traffic intensity is reduced by 26%. In roads of the urban area of Quito the traffic is reduced during holidays. However, in the ways of the periphery there is an increase (between 11 and 47%) compared to the flow of the weekdays. In the future this information will be used to generate maps of high spatial and temporal resolution of the emissions of primary air pollutant. These maps will allow the performance of updated studies of air pollutants dispersion in the DMQ.
Dynamics of Interannual Variability in Summer Precipitation over East Asia

AbstractThe summertime mei-yu–baiu rainband over East Asia displays considerable interannual variability. A singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis for interannual variability reveals that precipitation anomalies over the mei-yu–baiu region are accompanied by in situ anomalies of midtropospheric horizontal temperature advection. Anomalous warm (cool) advection causes increased (decreased) mei-yu–baiu precipitation locally by inducing adiabatic ascent (descent). The anomalous precipitation acts to reinforce the vertical motion, forming a feedback system. By this mechanism, the remotely forced anomalous atmospheric circulation can induce changes in mei-yu–baiu precipitation. The quasi-stationary precipitation anomalies induced by this mechanism are partially offset by transient eddies.The SVD analysis also reveals the association of mei-yu–baiu precipitation anomalies with several teleconnection patterns, suggesting remote induction mechanisms. The Pacific–Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern, which is ass.
Subpicosecond laser ablation of dental enamel

Laser ablation of dental enamel with subpicosecond laser pulses has been studied over the intensity range of (0.1–1.4)×1014 W/cm2 using 95 and 150 fs pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz. The experimentally determined ablation threshold of 2.2±0.1 J/cm2 was in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on an electrostatic ablation model. The ablation rate increased linearly with the laser fluence for up to 15 times the ablation threshold. The absence of collateral damage was observed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Pulpal temperature measurements showed an increase of about 10 °C during the 200 s course of ablation. However, air cooling at a rate of 5 l/min resulted in the intrapulpal temperature being maintained below the pulpal damage threshhold of 5.5 °C. The material removal rates for subpicosecond precision laser ablation of dental enamel are compared with other techniques.
Room-Temperature Chemiresistive Effect of ${\rm TiO}_{2}\!-\!{\rm B}$  Nanowires to Nitroaromatic and Nitroamine Explosives

Semiconducting TiO2-B nanowires were synthesized and their chemical sensor performance was studied. It was found that the TiO2-B nanowires exhibited a large and reversible change in electrical resistivity when exposed to trace vapor of nitroaromatic and nitroamine explosives. The sensor showed high sensitivity and fast response at room temperature. The chemiresistive effect was attributed to the adsorption of high electronegativity explosives on the TiO2-B nanowires and a consequent depletion of charge carriers in the nanowires by surface states created by the explosive molecules. The role of the TiO2-B nanowires is proposed to impart both an extremely large surface area for the adsorption of gas molecules and a surface enriched in hydroxyl groups which connect to nitro groups of the explosive molecules. Chemiresistive sensors made of TiO2-B semiconducting nanowires promised to achieve micro-sized devices with several orders of magnitude reduction in dimensions, weight, and power consumption over current explosive detectors.
Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Americans With Diagnosed Hypertension

Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in women. We, therefore, analyzed gender-specific trends in the control of blood pressure and prevalence of 5 other cardiovascular risk factors (central obesity, elevated total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and smoking) among adults with diagnosed hypertension in the United States. We included 3475 participants aged ≥18 years with diagnosed hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. The age-adjusted prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure was 50.8±2.1% in men and 55.9±1.5% in women, which were not significantly different and had not changed significantly with time. Central obesity, elevated total cholesterol level, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly more prevalent in women than in men (79.0±1.0%, 61.3±1.6%, and 39.7±1.6% versus 63.9±1.6%, 48.1±1.8%, and 35.6±1.7%, respectively; P<0.05). The age-adjusted proportion with ≥3 of the 6 risk factors studied was higher in women than in men (52.5±1.4% versus 40.9±1.8%; P<0.001), and this proportion decreased significantly by 7.7% in women from 1999–2000 to 2003–2004 (P<0.05) but not in men. Our study shows that blood pressure control in women with diagnosed hypertension was not significantly inferior compared with men and had not changed significantly in 1999–2004. However, women had higher prevalence of other concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is room for improvement in blood pressure control, our study has highlighted the importance of addressing concomitant cardiovascular risk factors in women with hypertension.
Fertile offspring derived from mouse spermatogonial stem cells cryopreserved for more than 14 years.

BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of childhood cancers can now be cured but a side effect of treatment results in about one-third of the surviving boys being infertile or severely subfertile when they reach reproductive age. Currently, more than 1 in 5000 men of reproductive age who are childhood cancer survivors suffer from this serious quality of life problem. It is possible to obtain a testicular biopsy before treatment to preserve the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of the male by cryopreservation, but the results of long-term storage of SSCs on their subsequent functional ability to generate normal offspring has not been examined in any mammalian species. Moreover, it will be necessary to increase the number of these cryopreserved SSCs to remove any contaminating malignant cells and assure regeneration of spermatogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this report, we demonstrate that long-term cryopreservation (>14 years) of testis cells from mouse, rat, rabbit and baboon safeguards SSC viability, and that these cells can colonize the seminiferous tubules of recipient testes. Moreover, mouse and rat SSCs can be cultured and re-establish complete spermatogenesis, and fertile mouse progeny without apparent genetic or epigenetic errors were generated by the sperm produced. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a platform for fertility preservation in prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic treatments.
Tentativas de suicídio e mortalidade por suicídio em um município no interior da Bahia Suicide attempts and suicide mortality in a countryside Bahia city

aBStraCt objective: Describing the profile of suicide attempts and suicide mortality in the city of Jequie/BA, in the period between 2006 and 2010. Method: A descriptive epidemiological study. Data of suicide attempts were obtained from the Fire Department and DATASUS, while those related to suicide mor -tality were collected by means of Death Certificates (DOs) of the 13 th Regional Health Board of Bahia (13 th DIRES) and supplemented by records from the Forensic Medicine Institute (IML). The analysis was made using descriptive statistics. esults: In suicide attempts, the biggest frequency was in rpeople aged from 20 to 39 years (57.69%); among females (53.4%) and using as means the fall from height (69.2%). Regarding suicide, the average mortality rate was 3.19/100,000 inhabitants, most frequently in people over 40 years (54.16%), male (87.5%), by hanging (58.3%) and taking the place of occurrence as the home (83.33%). Conclusion: The city showed up in the statistics of the Nor-theast region and below the national rates of suicide. There was differentiation between the profile characteristics of suicide attempts and suicide mortality, especially by gender, age and used means.
Comparison of UV irradiances from Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with Brewer measurements at El Arenosillo (Spain) – Part 2: Analysis of site aerosol inﬂuence

Several validation studies have shown a notable overestimation of the clear sky ultraviolet (UV) irradiance at the Earth’s surface derived from satellite sensors such as the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with respect to ground-based UV data at many locations. Most of this positive 5 bias is attributed to boundary layer aerosol absorption that is not accounted for in the TOMS/OMI operational UV algorithm. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse the aerosol e ﬀ ect on the bias between OMI erythemal UV irradiance (UVER) and spectral UV (305 nm, 310 nm and 324 nm) surface irradiances and ground-based Brewer spectroradiometer measurements from October 2004 to December 2008 at 10 El Arenosillo station, with meteorological conditions representative of the south-west of Spain. The e ﬀ ect of other factors as clouds, ozone and the solar elevation over this intercomparison were analysed in detail in a companion paper (Ant´on 2010). In that paper the aerosol e ﬀ ects were analysed making only a rough evaluation based on 15 aerosol optical depth (AOD) information at 440 nm wavelength (visible range) without applying any correction. Here, the correction of the OMI UV data is proposed based on a detailed study about the determination of absorbing aerosols provided by AERONET data. Because of the di ﬃ culty to have reliable data about absorbing aerosol properties at many sites, ﬁrst we consider AOD, Angstrom exponent and also OMI-Aerosol
Technical solutions for the 3G long-term evolution

Work has started in the 3GPP to define a long-term evolution for 3G, sometimes referred to as super-3G, which will stretch the performance of 3G technology, thereby meeting user expectations in a 10-year perspective and beyond. The fundamental targets of this evolution - to further reduce user and operator costs and to improve service provisioning - will be met through improved coverage and system capacity as well as increased data rates and reduced latency. This article presents promising technologies to fulfil these targets, including OFDM, multi-antenna solutions, evolved QoS and link layer concepts, and an evolved architecture. Furthermore, the results of a performance evaluation are presented, indicating that the requirements can indeed be reached using the proposed technologies.
Turnover Prediction in a Call Center: Behavioral Evidence of Loss Aversion using Random Forest and Naïve Bayes Algorithms

It is well known that call centers suffer from high levels of employee turnover; however, call centers are services that have excellent operational records of telemarketing activities performed by each employee. With this information, we propose to use the Random Forest and the naïve Bayes algorithms to build classifiers and predict turnover of the sales agents. The results of 2407 sales agents’ operational performance records showed that, although the naïve Bayes is much simpler than Random Forest, both classifiers performed similarly, achieving interesting accuracy rates in turnover prediction. Moreover, evidence was found that incorporating performance differences over time increases significantly the accuracy of the predictive models up to 85%, with the naïve Bayes being quite competitive with the Random Forest classifier when the amount of information is increased. The results obtained in this study could be useful for management decision-making to monitor and identify potential turnover due to poor performance, and therefore, to take a preventive action.
The Relation of Coffee Consumption to Serum Uric Acid in Japanese Men and Women Aged 49–76 Years

Objective. Few studies have suggested an inverse relation between coffee intake and serum concentrations of uric acid (UA), but none has addressed the relation in men and women separately. We examined the relation between coffee intake and serum UA levels in free-living middle-aged and elderly men and women in Fukuoka, Japan. Methods. Study subjects were derived from the baseline survey of a cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases, and included 11.662 men and women aged 49–76 years; excluded were those with medication for gout and hyperuricemia, use of diuretic drugs, and medical care for cancer or chronic kidney disease. Statistical adjustment was made for body mass index, alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other factors. Results. There were inverse associations of coffee consumption with serum UA concentrations and hyperuricemia in men regardless of adjustment for covariates. Women showed a statistically significant, but weaker, inverse association between coffee and serum UA levels after allowance for the confounding factors. Conclusion. The findings add to evidence for a protective association between coffee intake and hyperuricemia.
Gradient-Based Optimization for Poroelastic and Viscoelastic MR Elastography

We describe an efficient gradient computation for solving inverse problems arising in magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). The algorithm can be considered as a generalized `adjoint method' based on a Lagrangian formulation. One requirement for the classic adjoint method is assurance of the self-adjoint property of the stiffness matrix in the elasticity problem. In this paper, we show this property is no longer a necessary condition in our algorithm, but the computational performance can be as efficient as the classic method, which involves only two forward solutions and is independent of the number of parameters to be estimated. The algorithm is developed and implemented in material property reconstructions using poroelastic and viscoelastic modeling. Various gradient- and Hessian-based optimization techniques have been tested on simulation, phantom and in vivo brain data. The numerical results show the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed scheme for gradient calculation.
Mining Valence, Arousal, and Dominance - Possibilities for Detecting Burnout and Productivity?

Similar to other industries, the software engineering domain is plagued by psychological diseases such as burnout, which lead developers to lose interest, exhibit lower activity and/or feel powerless. Prevention is essential for such diseases, which in turn requires early identification of symptoms. The emotional dimensions of Valence, Arousal and Dominance (VAD) are able to derive a person’s interest (attraction), level of activation and perceived level of control for a particular situation from textual communication, such as emails. As an initial step towards identifying symptoms of productivity loss in software engineering, this paper explores the VAD metrics and their properties on 700,000 Jira issue reports containing over 2,000,000 comments, since issue reports keep track of a developer’s progress on addressing bugs or new features. Using a general-purpose lexicon of 14,000 English words with known VAD scores, our results show that issue reports of different type (e.g., Feature Request vs. Bug) have a fair variation of Valence, while increase in issue priority (e.g., from Minor to Critical) typically increases Arousal. Furthermore, we show that as an issue’s resolution time increases, so does the arousal of the individual the issue is assigned to. Finally, the resolution of an issue increases valence, especially for the issue Reporter and for quickly addressed issues. The existence ofsuch relations between VAD and issue report activities shows promise that text mining in the future could offer an alternative way for work health assessment surveys.
First Prospective Multicenter Italian Study on the Impact of the 21-Gene Recurrence Score in Adjuvant Clinical Decisions for Patients with ER Positive/HER2 Negative Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND The Breast DX Italy prospective study evaluated the impact of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) result on adjuvant treatment decisions for patients with early breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine centers (two Hub and seven Spoke centers of the Veneto Oncology Network) participated. Consecutive patients with estrogen receptor positive, human epidermal growth receptor negative, T1-T3, N0-N1 early breast cancer were prospectively registered; only those meeting protocol-defined clinicopathological "intermediate risk" criteria were eligible for the RS test. Pre-RS and post-RS physicians' treatment recommendations and treatment actually received were collected. RESULTS A total of n = 124 N0 and n = 126 N1 patients underwent the RS assay. The majority had Grade 2 tumors (71%); median age was 55 years, median tumor size was 16 mm, and median Ki67 expression was 20%. Patients enrolled at Hub centers presented higher-risk features. The distribution of RS results was <18 (60.8%), 18-30 (32.4%), and >30 (6.8%). The indication before RS was hormonal therapy (HT) alone in 52% of cases. An indication before RS of chemotherapy (CT)+HT was more frequent for patients with N1 versus N0 tumors (57% vs. 39%, p = .0035) and for patients enrolled at Hub versus Spoke centers (54% vs. 36%, p = .007). The overall rate of change in treatment decision was 16% (n = 40), mostly from CT+HT to HT (n = 30). According to nodal status, rate of change in treatment decision was 12% for the N0 cohort and 20% for the N1 cohort. The proportion of patients recommended to CT+HT was significantly reduced from before to after RS (48% to 40%, p < .0016), especially in the N1 cohort (57% to 45%, p = .0027) and at Hub centers (54% to 44%, p = .001). CONCLUSION Despite frequent indication of HT before RS, the use of the RS assay further contributed to sparing CT, especially for patients with N1 tumors and at Hub centers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study shows that, although a high proportion of patients were recommended to receive endocrine treatment alone before knowing the recurrence score (RS) assay, the RS test further contributed in sparing chemotherapy for some of these patients, especially in case of the N1 stage or for patients enrolled at referral centers. These data highlight the need for further work in collaboration with health authorities and companies in order to define strategies for the implementation of the use of RS testing in clinical practice in the Italian setting.
Effect of oxidation temperature on the properties of copper oxide thin films prepared from thermally oxidised evaporated copper thin films

Copper thin films were deposited on glass substrates using thermal vacuum evaporation at 100 C substrate temperature and then thermally oxidized in air at varying temperatures of 150 C, 250 C, 35 0 C and 450 C for 2h each. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the film are determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), four point probe and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern show the formation of fine grain Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) at 250 o C and Cupric Oxide CuO at 350 and 450 C. Resistivities were calculated to be 4.1x10 Ω-cm, 1.92x10 Ω-cm, 1076.76 Ω-cm, 127.51 Ω-cm and 205.16 Ω-cm for the as-deposited and Cu Films oxidised at 150, 250, 350 and 450 C respectively. The Optical band gap value varied between 1.78 eV and 2.2 eV. KeywordsCupric oxide, Cuprous oxide, Optical band gap, Thermal oxidation, X-ray diffraction,
Differential effects of CpG‐DNA in Toll‐like receptor‐2/‐4/‐9 tolerance and cross‐tolerance

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance is a state of refractoriness towards a second stimulation by LPS after a preceding stimulation. LPS is recognized by Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4), which belongs to a group of pattern recognition receptors mediating activation of innate immunity by microbial components. To date, it is not known in detail to what extent other TLR‐dependent stimuli also induce tolerance and whether preceding and challenging stimuli are interchangeable. We have examined tolerance induction in detail for lipoteichoic acid (LTA), LPS and CpG‐DNA, which are recognized by TLR‐2, ‐4 and ‐9, respectively. In RAW264·7 macrophages, all three stimuli induced tolerance towards a subsequent challenge with the same stimulus used for priming, as well as cross‐tolerance towards subsequent challenge with other stimuli signalling via different TLRs. However, whereas LPS/LTA cross‐tolerance was also functional in an in vivo model of galactosamine (GalN)‐primed liver damage, pretreatment with CpG only protected against GalN/CpG challenge and failed to induce cross‐tolerance for LPS and LTA. CpG‐DNA pretreatment even enhanced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production and liver damage upon subsequent challenge with LPS or LTA. Stimulation with CpG‐DNA resulted in a peculiar sensitization for interferon (IFN)‐γ secretion. The data indicate that, in contrast to in vitro macrophage desensitization, the in vivo consequences of repeated TLR stimulation greatly differ amongst different TLR ligands.
Predicting source code changes by mining change history

Software developers are often faced with modification tasks that involve source which is spread across a code base. Some dependencies between source code, such as those between source code written in different languages, are difficult to determine using existing static and dynamic analyses. To augment existing analyses and to help developers identify relevant source code during a modification task, we have developed an approach that applies data mining techniques to determine change patterns - sets of files that were changed together frequently in the past - from the change history of the code base. Our hypothesis is that the change patterns can be used to recommend potentially relevant source code to a developer performing a modification task. We show that this approach can reveal valuable dependencies by applying the approach to the Eclipse and Mozilla open source projects and by evaluating the predictability and interestingness of the recommendations produced for actual modification tasks on these systems.