Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of grid size for digital terrain modelling in landscape investigations—exemplified by soil moisture distribution at a micro-scale

The central problem of a combined analysis of digital terrain models (DTMs) and other landscape data is determination of a DTM grid size (w) providing a correct study of relationships between topographic variables and landscape properties. Generally, an adequate w is determined by an expert estimate, and solutions are largely subjective. We developed an experimental statistical method to determine an adequate w for DTMs applied to landscape studies. The method includes the following steps: (a) derivation of a DTM set using a series of wi , (b) performance of a correlation analysis of data on a landscape property and a topographic variable estimated with various wi , (c) plotting of correlation coefficients obtained versus w, and (d) determination of smoothed plot portions indicating intervals of an adequate w. We applied the method developed to study the ifluence of topography on the spatial distribution of soil moisture (M) at a micro-scale. We investigated the dependence of M on gradient (G), horizontal (kh ), vertical (kv ), and mean (H) landsurface curvatures. For DTM derivation, we used 13 values of wi from 1 to 7m. An interval of adequate wi for M falls between 2.25 and 3.25m in the given terrain conditions. In absolute magnitudes, correlation coefficients are largest within this interval; correlation coefficients of M with G, kh , kv and H are 0.28, 0.52, 0.50 and 0.60, respectively, for w = 3m. The results obtained demonstrate that the method actually works to identify an adequate w at a micro-scale. The method developed allows estimation of an adequate area of landform which realise a topographic control of landscape properties.
Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Stress as Predictors of Adjustment to University Among First-Year Undergraduates

The current study examined the joint effects of stress, social support, and self-esteem on adjustment to university. First-year undergraduate students (N = 115) were assessed during the first semester and again 10 weeks later, during the second semester of the academic year. Multiple regressions predicting adjustment to university from perceived social support (friends and family), self-esteem (academic, social, and global), and stress were conducted. From the fall to winter semesters, increased social support from friends, but not from family, predicted improved adjustment. Decreased stress predicted improved overall, academic, personal-emotional, and social adjustment. Increased global, academic, and social self-esteem predicted decreased depression and increased academic and social adjustment. Results are discussed with respect to potential mechanisms through which support and self-esteem may operate.
Designing Overlay Networks for Handling Exhaust Data in a Distributed Topic-based Pub/Sub Architecture

To provide event-driven services in IoT, scalable methods of topic-based pub/sub messaging are indispensable. Methods using structured overlay networks are promising candidates. However, existing methods have the problem of wasting network resources, because they lack adaptivity to “exhaust data,” which have low or no value most of the time. The problem contains two aspects. One is that each publisher node continues to forward data to a relay node even if there are no subscribers. The other is that excessively large multicast trees are constructed for low value data, which will be received by only a small number of subscribers. In this paper, we formulate the desirable design of overlay networks by defining a property called “strong relay-free” as an expansion of relay-free property. The property involves publishers and subscribers composing connected subgraphs to enable detecting the absence of subscribers and autonomously adjusting the tree size. We also propose a practical method satisfying the property by using Skip Graph, and evaluate it through simulation experiments. We confirmed that the proposed method can suspend publishing adaptively, and shorten the path length on multicast trees by more than 75% under an experimental condition with 100,000 nodes.
Peacekeeping, Peace Culture and Conflict Resolution

This article presents an overview of the relationships between peacekeeping, peacebuilding and conflict resolution with an emphasis on the way in which culture and cultural analysis might be used to develop more effective and sustainable peacekeeping interventions. The article comments on the conceptualization of the role of culture in conflict resolution theory and how this has been used in attempts to address cultural barriers to effective peacekeeping in so-called first-, second- and third-generation missions. While culture has generally been defined as important in theory and practice in terms of understanding differences between actors in conflict environments, the main new argument advanced in the article is that culture, redefined specifically as peace culture, can have a more proactive role in terms of mobilizing energies for sustainable peacebuilding at different stages of the conflict spectrum. More speculatively, the article explores the idea of culture as a contributory factor in the emergence of new forms of cosmopolitan peacekeeping.
Psicología y pobreza. Papel del locus de control, la autoeficacia y la indefensión aprendida

El estudio psicologico de la pobreza ha tenido un crecimiento vertiginoso en los ultimos diez anos. Se han realizado investigaciones y publicado libros y articulos cientificos en diversas areas de la psicologia. Los hallazgos mas recientes han sugerido que existe una relacion directa entre vivir en pobreza y el desarrollo o presencia de ciertas caracteristicas psicologicas, entre ellas diferencias individuales (rasgos de personalidad, propension a enfermedades mentales, diferencias en inteligencia y habilidades especificas), e igualmente diferencias en el desarrollo del lenguaje, en la adquisicion de nuevos conceptos y en la motivacion, entre otras variables. Dentro de las mas importantes para la movilidad social se han encontrado el locus de control, la autoeficacia, el no tener depresion y ser parte de unas redes de apoyo positivas. En el presente trabajo se hizo una revision de los aportes de la psicologia al entendimiento de la pobreza. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo acerca de la autoeficacia, el locus de control y la indefension aprendida, se planteo la hipotesis de que existe un gran nivel de desesperanza en personas de nivel socioeconomico (NSE) bajo. Los participantes en esta investigacion fueron treinta personas de NSE 1 y 2, de acuerdo con el Sisben (sistema de clasificacion de Colombia), en localidades de Bogota (Bosa, San Cristobal y Suba) y en los municipios cercanos de Anolaima y La Mesa (Cundinamarca). Se aplicaron dos escalas: autoeficacia general (de Baessler y Schwarzer) y locus de control (de Rotter); se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los participantes en sus contextos de vivienda, previo contacto con lideres comunitarios de la zona y establecimiento de confianza con la familia. Los resultados muestran consistencia con las investigaciones en otros contextos, en cuanto a locus de control y autoeficacia. Ademas, se encontro un nivel alto de desesperanza en sus verbalizaciones. Se establecieron otras categorias importantes como la dinamica familiar, la percepcion del tiempo y la planeacion que son discutidas a la luz de la literatura cientifica y las estrategias y politicas actuales de superacion de la pobreza en el mundo. Asi mismo, se encontraron como factores importantes las creencias religiosas y la percepcion de la politica y la democracia. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de las estrategias de superacion de la pobreza en el mundo y el aporte de la psicologia para la comprension y modificacion de las actitudes, conductas y cogniciones asociadas con la pobreza.
Quarterly advancing science and promoting understanding of traumatic stress New Research in Treating Child and Adolescent Trauma

Increasingly, researchers are attempting to prevent the development of pediatric PTSD. The only existing such evidence-based intervention prevents the development of chronic PTSD (Berkowitz et al., 2011). In 2014, Kramer & Landolt compared an early, two session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to treatment as usual (TAU) for two 16-yearold children at elevated risk for developing PTSD following road accidents or burns. Preschool children did not show significant benefit from the intervention, but school-aged children who received the intervention had significantly fewer internalizing symptoms and marginally lower PTSD intrusion symptoms at a 3-month follow-up compared to children in the TAU condition. This is the first study that provided an entire intervention within the first month after trauma exposure. The extreme brevity of the intervention and promising results suggest the potential for very early brief CBT interventions to prevent the development of PTSD in children and adolescents. More studies like this are needed; especially as new methods (e.g., biomarkers) become available to identify high-risk children. Kassam-Adams and colleagues (2013) provide an excellent overview of preventive intervention models including risk factors, likely effective components and the need for early identification and referral.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and C and risk factors for nonvaccination in inflammatory bowel disease patients in Northeast France

Background: Data regarding the prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are conflicting. Methods: In all, 315 IBD (252 Crohn's disease [CD] and 63 ulcerative colitis [UC]) patients were consecutively recruited between June 2005 and May 2009. Results: The median age was 33 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 24–43) and median disease duration was 5 years (IQR: 2–11). Present and/or past HBV and HCV infection was found in 2.86% of 315 patients (CD: HBsAg 0.79%, anti‐HBc 2.78%, anti‐HCV 0.79%; UC: HBsAg 1.59%, anti‐HBc 1.59%, anti‐HCV 1.59%). Effective vaccination (anti‐HBs without anti‐HBc) was present in 48.9% of 315 patients. In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis over 31 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15–0.58; P = 0.005), disease duration over 7 years (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23–0.83; P = 0.005), age at inclusion over 33 years (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.20–0.94; P = 0.005), and CD (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.15–0.58; P = 0.005) were associated with the lack of effective vaccination. Two HBsAg‐positive patients, including 1 under curative nucleoside/nucleotide analog treatment, had received 6 and 7 infliximab infusions, and 1 HCV RNA‐positive subject had been receiving corticosteroid and azathioprine therapies for 12 and 33 months, respectively. No viral reactivation occurred in these patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in French IBD patients is similar to that of the general population. While the ECCO recommends an effective HBV vaccination in IBD, half of the patients were not vaccinated. The nonvaccination risk factors identified in our study may allow targeted vaccination coverage. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;)
HABP2 G534E Variant in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

The main nonmedullary form of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that accounts for 80–90% of all thyroid malignancies. Only 3–10% of PTC patients have a positive family history of PTC yet the familiality is one of the highest of all cancers as measured by case control studies. A handful of genes have been implicated accounting for a small fraction of this genetic predisposition. It was therefore of considerable interest that a mutation in the HABP2 gene was recently implicated in familial PTC. The present work was undertaken to examine the extent of HABP2 variant involvement in PTC. The HABP2 G534E variant (rs7080536) was genotyped in blood DNA from 179 PTC families (one affected individual per family), 1160 sporadic PTC cases and 1395 controls. RNA expression of HABP2 was tested by qPCR in RNA extracted from tumor and normal thyroid tissue from individuals that are homozygous wild-type or heterozygous for the variant. The variant was found to be present in 6.1% familial cases, 8.0% sporadic cases (2 individuals were homozygous for the variant) and 8.7% controls. The variant did not segregate with PTC in one large and 6 smaller families in which it occurred. In keeping with data from the literature and databases the expression of HABP2 was highest in the liver, much lower in 3 other tested tissues (breast, kidney, brain) but not found in thyroid. Given these results showing lack of any involvement we suggest that the putative role of variant HABP2 in PTC should be carefully scrutinized.
Examination of a Scale Assessing Attitudes towards Individuals with Intellectual Disability in China

This study examined the applicability of the four-factor structure of the short form of the Community Living Attitudes Scale-Intellectual Disability11 We chose to use the term “intellectual disability” to replace the term “mental retardation” in the original CLAS-MR scale to conform with the terminology in current usage. (CLAS-ID) in China, using a sample of 325 Chinese community members. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the original structure of the short form of the CLAS-ID did not adequately fit the data from the current sample. Most items of the Exclusion and Similarity subscales were retained while items on the Empowerment and Sheltering subscales were removed. Chinese community members held generally positive attitudes towards people with intellectual disability. However, a measurement tool originating from the Chinese context is needed to provide a better understanding of attitudes towards individuals with intellectual disability in mainland China.
The Use of Metformin and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Experimental studies have suggested that metformin may decrease the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with type II diabetes. However, previous observational studies have reported contradictory results, which are likely due to important methodologic limitations. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess whether the use of metformin is associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with type II diabetes. Methods: A cohort study of patients newly treated with non-insulin antidiabetic agents was assembled using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. A nested case–control analysis was conducted, where all incident cases of colorectal cancer occurring during follow-up were identified and randomly matched with up to 10 controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted rate ratios (RR) of colorectal cancer associated with ever use, and cumulative duration of use of metformin. All models accounted for latency and were adjusted for relevant potential confounding factors. Results: Overall, ever use of metformin was not associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer [RR: 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73–1.18]. Similarly, no dose–response relationship was observed in terms of cumulative duration of use. Conclusions: The use of metformin was not associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with type II diabetes. Impact: The results of this study do not support the launch of metformin randomized controlled trials for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1877–83. ©2013 AACR.
Leading and coping with change

Change process models, developed in the tradition of Lewin, tend to emphasize people as resisting change, portray leading and coping with change as discrete entities, and reify the organization. In contrast, this article reports on findings from two descriptive surveys examining leading and coping processes. Attitudes, opinions and organizational practices were investigated to identify and describe variability in change in financial service institutions in the City of London as led by top managers and as experienced by employees. A ‘leading and coping with change’ framework that emphasizes the social process dynamics of change is developed which managers can utilise as a conceptual tool to guide action. This is built around the finding that change leaders are themselves part of the process, and that the judgmental and cognitive processes which employees engage in, in their relationship with those leading change, is crucial.
Application of ridge regression to quantify marginal effects of collinear soil properties on phytoaccumulation of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc

Soil properties that mitigate hazardous effects of environmental contaminants through soil chemical sequestration should be considered when evaluating ecological risk from terrestrial contamination. The objective of this research was to identify predominant soil chemical/physical properties that modify phytoaccumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn to the non‐hyperaccumulating higher plants: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and Japanese millet (Echinochloa crusgalli L.). Transmission coefficients were estimated from a dose–response experiment with the use of aboveground tissue contaminant concentrations and correlated with selected soil property measurements to develop statistical prediction models for soil‐specific adjustments to ecological risk assessments. Significant correlations between soil properties and transmission coefficients were observed for all four contaminants. Intercorrelation was also observed among soil properties, including cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil pH (p = 0.035), CEC and total clay (p = 0.030), organic carbon (OC) and total clay content (p = 0.085), reactive iron oxides (FeOX) and OC (p = 0.078), and reactive Mn oxide (MnOX) and total clay content (p < 0.001). Ridge regression, a technique that suppresses the effects of multicollinearity and enables prediction, was used to assess the marginal contributions of soil properties found to mitigate phytoaccumulation. Prediction models were developed for all four contaminants. Significant variables were FeOX for As or pH, OC, CEC, clay content, or a combination of factors for cationic metal models. Ridge regression provides a powerful alternative to conventional multiple regression techniques for ecotoxicological studies when intercorrelated predictors are experimentally unavoidable, as with soil properties.
Holographic Quantum Critical Transport without Self-Duality

We describe general features of frequency-dependent charge transport near strongly interacting quantum critical points in 2+1 dimensions. The simplest description using the AdS/CFT correspondence leads to a self-dual Einstein-Maxwell theory on AdS{sub 4}, which fixes the conductivity at a frequency-independent self-dual value. We describe the general structure of higher-derivative corrections to the Einstein-Maxwell theory, and compute their implications for the frequency dependence of the quantum critical conductivity. We show that physical consistency conditions on the higher-derivative terms allow only a limited frequency dependence in the conductivity. The frequency dependence is amenable to a physical interpretation using transport of either particlelike or vortexlike excitations.
Open Access Research Article Transcriptomic Responses in Mouse Brain Exposed to Chronic Excess of the Neurotransmitter Glutamate

Background: Increases during aging in extracellular levels of glutamate (Glu), the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, may be linked to chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known about the molecular responses of neurons to chronic, moderate increases in Glu levels. Genome-wide gene expression in brain hippocampus was examined in a unique transgenic (Tg) mouse model that exhibits moderate Glu hyperactivity throughout the lifespan, the neuronal Glutamate dehydrogenase (Glud1) mouse, and littermate 9 month-old wild type mice. Results: Integrated bioinformatic analyses on transcriptomic data were used to identify bio-functions, pathways and gene networks underlying neuronal responses to increased Glu synaptic release. Bio-functions and pathways up-regulated in Tg mice were those associated with oxidative stress, cell injury, inflammation, nervous system development, neuronal growth, and synaptic transmission. Increased gene expression in these functions and pathways indicated apparent compensatory responses offering protection against stress, promoting growth of neuronal processes (neurites) and re-establishment of synapses. The transcription of a key gene in the neurite growth network, the kinase Ptk2b, was significantly up-regulated in Tg mice as was the activated (phosphorylated) form of the protein. In addition to genes related to neurite growth and synaptic development, those associated with neuronal vesicle trafficking in the Huntington's disease signalling pathway, were also up-regulated. Conclusions: This is the first study attempting to define neuronal gene expression patterns in response to chronic, endogenous Glu hyperactivity at brain synapses. The patterns observed were characterized by a combination of responses to stress and stimulation of nerve growth, intracellular transport and recovery. Background Glutamate (Glu) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. Glu is released from nerve cell processes following electrical excitation, interacts with surface receptors in the synaptic region of another nerve cell, and initiates the influx of sodium and calcium ions across the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron. Such ion fluxes produce a change in the electrical properties of the post-synaptic nerve cell (sodium flux), as well as changes in intracellular signalling cascades that lead to altered gene expression (calcium entry) [1]. Thus, in addition to the rapid form of neuron-to-neuron communication through the actions of Glu as a transmitter, Glu also
STUDI KORELASI EFIKASI DIRI DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK : TELAAH PADA SISWA PERGURUAN TINGGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara eﬁ kasi diri dan dukungan sosial dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa, peran eﬁ kasi diri terhadap prestasi akademik serta peran dukungan sosial terhadap prestasi akademik. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 86 orang, diambil dari populasi mahasiswa fakultas psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala eﬁ kasi diri dari Elias (2008), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support yang dirumuskan oleh Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley (1988) dan dokumentasi nilai in- deks prestasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisa regresi dua predictor. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara eﬁ kasi diri dan dukungan social dengan prestasi akademik dengan nilai koeﬁ sien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,310; p = 0,015 (p < 0,05) dan sumbangan efektif sebesar 9,6%. Peran eﬁ kasi diri terhadap prestasi akademik sebesar 7,3% dengan dominasi aspek tingkatan dan kekuatan, sementara aspek keluasan tidak memberikan kontribusi signiﬁ kan. Peran dukungan sosial terhadap prestasi akademik sebesar 7,1% dengan dominasi faktor dukungan teman dan dukungan keluarga, sementara dukungan orang lain yang dianggap penting tidak menunjukkan kontribusi yang signiﬁkan.