Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of FUS-2000 urine analyzer: analytical properties and particle recognition

Abstract This study evaluates the performance of microscopic part of a hybrid analyzer FUS-2000 (Dirui Industrial Co., Changchun, China), its analytical properties and particle recognition. The evaluation of trueness, repeatability, detection limit, carry-over, linearity range and analytical stability was performed according to Dirui protocol guidelines designed by Dirui Company to guarantee the quality of the instrument. Trueness for low, medium and high-value concentrations was calculated with bias of 15.5, 4.7 and −6.6%, respectively. Detection limit of 5 Ery/μl was confirmed. Coefficient of variation of 11.0, 5.2 and 3.8% was measured for within-run repeatability of low, medium and high concentration. Between-run repeatability for daily quality control had coefficient of variation of 3.0%. Carry-over did not exceed 0.05%. Linearity was confirmed for range of 0–16,000 particles/μl (R2 = 0.9997). The analytical stability had coefficient of variation of 4.3%. Out of 1258 analyzed urine samples, 362 positive were subjected to light microscopy urine sediment analysis and compared to the analyzer results. Cohen’s kappa coefficients were calculated to express the concordance. Squared kappa coefficient was 0.927 (red blood cells), 0.888 (white blood cells), 0.908 (squamous epithelia), 0.634 (transitional epithelia), 0.628 (hyaline casts), 0.843 (granular casts) and 0.623 (bacteria). Single kappa coefficients were 0.885 (yeasts) and 0.756 (crystals), respectively. Aforementioned results show good analytical performance of the analyzer and tight agreement with light microscopy of urine sediment.
Classification and Test Generation for Path-Delay Faults Using Single Struck-at Fault Tests

We classify all path-delay faults of a combinational circuit intothree categories: singly-testable (ST), multiply-testable (MT), and singly-testable dependent} (ST-dependent). The classification uses anyunaltered single stuck-at fault test generation tool. Only two runsof this tool on a model network derived from the original network areperformed. As a by-product of this process, we generate single andmultiple input change delay tests for all testable faults. With thesetests, we expect that most defective circuits are identified. All STfaults are guaranteed detection in the case of a single fault, andsome may be guaranteed detection through robust and validatablenon-robust tests even in the case of multiple faults. An ST-dependentfault can affect the circuit speed only if certain ST faults arepresent. Thus, if all ST faults are tested, the ST-dependent faultsneed not be tested. MT faults cannot be guaranteed detection, butaffect the speed only if delay faults simultaneously exist on a setof paths, none of which is ST. Examples and results on several ISCAS‘89 benchmarks are presented. The method of classification throughtest generation using a model network is complex and can be appliedto circuits of moderate size. For larger circuits, alternativemethods will have to be explored in the future.
On the role of water density fluctuations in the inhibition of a proton channel

Significance Hv1, a voltage-gated proton channel, is an emerging pharmacological target implicated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and ischemic brain damage. We used the recently published experimental structure of Hv1 to generate structural models of relevant conformational states. Thermodynamic analyses of pore waters shed light on the molecular underpinnings of Hv1 druggability. We exploit this information to suggest possible optimizations of known inhibitors and identify a potential binding site located at the exit of the proton path. The resulting molecular picture paves the way for the discovery of novel Hv1 inhibitors and outlines a general approach for identifying druggable binding sites in ion channels. Hv1 is a transmembrane four-helix bundle that transports protons in a voltage-controlled manner. Its crucial role in many pathological conditions, including cancer and ischemic brain damage, makes Hv1 a promising drug target. Starting from the recently solved crystal structure of Hv1, we used structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the channel’s most relevant conformations along the activation cycle. We then performed computational docking of known Hv1 inhibitors, 2-guanidinobenzimidazole (2GBI) and analogs. Although salt-bridge patterns and electrostatic potential profiles are well-defined and distinctive features of activated versus nonactivated states, the water distribution along the channel lumen is dynamic and reflects a conformational heterogeneity inherent to each state. In fact, pore waters assemble into intermittent hydrogen-bonded clusters that are replaced by the inhibitor moieties upon ligand binding. The entropic gain resulting from releasing these conformationally restrained waters to the bulk solvent is likely a major contributor to the binding free energy. Accordingly, we mapped the water density fluctuations inside the pore of the channel and identified the regions of maximum fluctuation within putative binding sites. Two sites appear as outstanding: One is the already known binding pocket of 2GBI, which is accessible to ligands from the intracellular side; the other is a site located at the exit of the proton permeation pathway. Our analysis of the waters confined in the hydrophobic cavities of Hv1 suggests a general strategy for drug discovery that can be applied to any ion channel.
Aboveground Activity of Merriam's Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys Merriami) in Relation To Sex and Reproduction

Sixty-seven male and female Merriam's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) were radio-tracked over four study periods between November 1980 and mid-March 1984 on two study sites near Palm Desert, Riverside County, California. Animals were located once per hour yielding data representing 10,996 animal hours and 1232 animal days. The reproductive condition of animals during the tracking periods was also monitored. This paper describes the general surface activity patterns of D. merriami in terms of the mean distance moved in meters between successive hourly tixes (called MHD) with particular emphasis on movements in relation to sex and reproductive condition. It was found that during non-breeding periods (study periods 1 and 3), males and females exhibited similar surface movement patterns, although during period 1, between-male variance was significantly greater than between-female variance. During the breeding season (study period 2), however, males moved significantly more from one hour to the next than did females, and again between-male variance was significantly greater'than between-female variance. Movements were also found to be related to reproductive condition in both females and males. During study period 2, females that were estrous, pregnant, or lactating moved signficantly more than when they were non-reproductive. One female in study period 2 and two females in study period 4 moved their day burrows over exceptional distances precisely at the time of estrus. In study period 3, there was a significant positive correlation between testis length in males and surface movements. These results indicate that surface activity by D. merriami reflects different behavioral strategies by individuals in relation to sex and reproduction; and that analyses which attempt to balance the costs of surface activity must consider the social functions of such activity and not simply the foraging returns.
Evolocumab for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 directed against human proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). It is administered by subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks or once monthly. Area covered: Herein, the authors discuss the rationale for inhibiting PCSK9 and describe the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and clinical trials with evolocumab. Evolocumab reduces low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by 50 to 60% in most patients with and without background treatment with statins or other lipid lowering agents. The safety profile appears satisfactory from the completed clinical studies and concerns regarding the risk of neurocognitive events have largely been dispelled. Expert opinion: The reduction of LDL-C with evolocumab to previously unattainable levels has resulted in a reduction in the composite cardiovascular event endpoint in the FOURIER trial and this is likely to impact on future lipid management guidelines. The clinical outcome data and excellent tolerability profile clearly support the use of evolocumab in patients at high cardiovascular risk, including those with heterozygous or homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, who are unable to achieve LDL-C targets with statins with or without other lipid-lowering drugs. The high cost of evolocumab will restrict its use, however.
Sense-Amplifier-Based Flip-Flop With Transition Completion Detection for Low-Voltage Operation

A novel high-speed and highly reliable sense-amplifier-based flip-flop with transition completion detection (SAFF-TCD) is proposed for low supply voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) operation. The SAFF-TCD adopts the internally generated detection signal to indicate the completion of sense-amplifier stage transition. The detection signal gates the pull-down path of the sense-amplifier stage and the slave latch, thus overcoming the operational yield degradation, current contention, and glitches of previous SAFFs. The operational yield, speed, hold time, energy consumption, and area of the proposed and previous FFs are quantitatively compared for a wide range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with 22-nm FinFET technology. It is shown that the minimum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the SAFF-TCD is 573 mV lower than that of previous SAFFs, which means the SAFF-TCD can operate even when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is in the near-threshold or subthreshold region. At 0.3–0.4 V, the SAFF-TCD operates twice as fast as the master–slave-based FF (MSFF) with a practical hold time. Even with these benefits, the energy consumption overhead is limited to less than 20% compared with that of MSFF, and the area is similar to that of previous SAFFs.
Glycemic Control and the Prevalence of Tuberculosis Infection: A Population-based Observational Study

Background Several cohort studies demonstrate that diabetics are at increased risk for active tuberculosis, and poor glycemic control may exacerbate this risk. A higher prevalence of tuberculosis infection at baseline among diabetics may partially explain these results; however, no population-based studies have investigated this association. Furthermore, whether glycemic control modifies the relationship between diabetes and tuberculosis infection, as it does with active tuberculosis, is unknown. Methods Diabetics were diagnosed through physician evaluation and using 3 laboratory tests including hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), or 2-hour plasma glucose (PG). Tuberculosis infection was diagnosed through tuberculin skin tests, and glycemic control was assessed linearly and categorically using recommended targets. Results Among 4215 participants, the prevalence of tuberculosis infection was 4.1%, 5.5%, and 7.6% in nondiabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic participants (Ptrend = .012). In multivariate analysis, diabetes was associated with tuberculosis infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.2). Compared to nondiabetics, diabetics who were undiagnosed (AOR, 2.2 and 1.2 in diagnosed diabetics), FPG >130 mg/dL (AOR, 2.6 and 1.3 in diabetics with FPG ≤130 mg/dL), or not on insulin (AOR, 1.7 and 0.8 in diabetics on insulin) had elevated tuberculosis infection rates. In a linear dose-response analysis, increasing values of FPG (AOR, 1.02 per 1-mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03), PG (AOR, 1.02 per 1-mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04), and HbA1C (AOR, 1.13 per 1%; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22) all predicted tuberculosis infection. Conclusions Our results suggest glycemic control may modify the relationship between tuberculosis infection and diabetes.
Sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected patients in Kabale Hospital, Uganda.

INTRODUCTION Acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is an epidemiological marker of high-risk sexual behavior in HIV-infected patients. We assessed the prevalence of STIs among patients attending an HIV care and support centre. METHODOLOGY From January to August 2009, we assessed socio-demographic variables, sexuality, disclosure of sero-status and STI treatment for 400 patients attending the HIV care and support centre. Characteristics of those who had been treated and those who had never been treated for STIs were compared to identify factors independently associated with STIs. RESULTS Of the 400 respondents, 25.3% were male, 47.3% were aged 25-34 years, over 85% were currently married or had ever been married, and 62% had primary level of education or less. Though 82.5% were on antiretroviral drugs, only 53.1% disclosed their sero-status to their regular partners and only 41.9% knew the sero-status of their regular partners. Furthermore, 151 (37.7%) had been treated for STIs. The STIs were gonorrhoea (15; 9.7%), chlamydia (11; 7.1%), Trichomonas vaginalis (5; 3.3%), syphilis (99; 64.3%), and mixed infections (21; 13.6%). Factors associated with STI treatment on univariable analysis were age at sexual debut, whether the respondent had had sex in the previous six months, frequency of sexual intercourse, having changed sexual partners, number of sexual partners, and age when the respondent had a first child. CONCLUSION Unprotected sexual intercourse and STIs are common among patients seeking HIV care in Uganda. Only the age of sexual debut (odds ratio 0.82, confidence limits 0.71, 0.94) was independently (though inversely) associated with STIs.
Preliminary Design and Characterization of a Novel T-Shaped Nano-Antenna on Diamond Like Carbon Material

The rapid growth of nanotechnology has led to the development of many devices with advanced characteristics such as high frequencies Gunn diodes, transistors, nano-antennas etc. Nano-antenna applications are numerous and encompass a variety of fields such as broadband communications, imaging, sensing, energy harvesting, and disease diagnosis. In this research paper, A novel T-shaped nano-antenna was designed and its resonant frequency was analyzed. Moreover, parametric investigation had been performed to figure out the effects of T-shaped nano-antenna on Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) material. The momentum model in Advanced Design System (ADS) software was used to simulate the novel T-shaped nano-antenna and the results were directly compared to other nano-antennas. Initial results suggests that the T-shaped nano-antenna had a higher bandwidth and smaller geometrical size when compared to the other nano-antenna at Terahertz frequency.
Anatomical Footprint of the Tibialis Anterior Tendon: Surgical Implications for Foot and Ankle Reconstructions

This study aimed to analyze precisely the dimensions, shapes, and variations of the insertional footprints of the tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) at the medial cuneiform (MC) and first metatarsal (MT1) base. Forty-one formalin-fixed human cadaveric specimens were dissected. After preparation of the TAT footprint, standardized photographs were made and the following parameters were evaluated: the footprint length, width, area of insertion, dorsoplantar location, shape, and additional tendon slips. Twenty feet (48.8%) showed an equal insertion at the MC and MT1, another 20 feet (48.8%) had a wide insertion at the MC and a narrow insertion at the MT1, and 1 foot (2.4%) demonstrated a narrow insertion at the MC and a wide insertion at the MT1. Additional tendon slips inserting at the metatarsal shaft were found in two feet (4.8%). Regarding the dorsoplantar orientation, the footprints were located medial in 29 feet (70.7%) and medioplantar in 12 feet (29.3%). The most common shape at the MT1 base was the crescent type (75.6%) and the oval type at the MC (58.5%). The present study provided more detailed data on the dimensions and morphologic types of the tibialis anterior tendon footprint. The established anatomical data may allow for a safer surgical preparation and a more anatomical reconstruction.
Relationship Between Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders and Estrogen Levels in Women With Different Menstrual Status.

AIMS To evaluate whether serum estrogen level is associated with chronic pain, masticatory dysfunction, and depressive symptoms and/or somatization in women with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and different menstrual cycle status. METHODS A total of 64 women were allocated into one of three groups: one composed of women with normal menstrual cycles (Group 1), one composed of pregnant women (Group 2), and one composed of women in surgical menopause (Group 3). All respondents underwent a standardized clinical examination with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Diagnoses were generated according to Axis I, and grades of chronic pain, depressive symptoms, and somatization were evaluated according to Axis II. The level of serum estradiol was measured by using the immunofluorescent method. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc comparisons via series of Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for comparisons between study participants. RESULTS Reported pain was decreased with the progress of pregnancy among the women from Group 2 and was the lowest at the 36th week of pregnancy. Women in surgical menopause reported higher pain intensity as well as more difficulties with chewing and eating hard and soft food compared to the other subjects. Depressive symptoms and somatization were lowest among the women with advanced pregnancy and the highest among menopausal women. CONCLUSION TMD-related chronic pain grade, masticatory dysfunction, and depressive symptoms and somatization are the highest when the estrogen level is the lowest.
Reproducibility and reliability of three-dimensional soft tissue landmark identification using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer reproducibility of soft tissue landmarks on three-dimensional (3-D) stereophogrammetric images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four stereophotogrammetric images were taken and 19 soft tissue points were identified. The images were obtained using the 3-DMD Face (3-DMD TM Ltd, Atlanta, Ga) system. Two examiners marked 34 images manually with a mouse-driven cursor 4 weeks apart. Intraexaminer marking differences were calculated and classified as <0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, and >1 mm. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for intraexaminer reliability. A paired-samples t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the examiners. Interexaminer reproducibility was evaluated by kappa analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < . 05. RESULTS Only one landmark (labiale superior) had an intraexaminer marking difference less than 0.5 mm. Existing landmarks had an intraexaminer difference less than 1 mm, but higher than 0.5 mm. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated good intraexaminer repeatability for both observers. The ICC range for examiners 1 and 2 was 0.986-1.000 and 0.990-1.000, respectively. Kappa scores showed good interexaminer agreement, especially on the z-axis. CONCLUSIONS Except labiale superior, the soft tissue landmarks used in this study were shown to have moderate reproducibility, but the difference between the landmarks was less than 1 mm, and they had clinically acceptable reproducibility.
Risk of therapy-related secondary leukemia in Hodgkin lymphoma: the Stanford University experience over three generations of clinical trials.

PURPOSE To assess therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (t-AML/MDS) risk in patients treated for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) on successive generations of Stanford clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with HL treated at Stanford with at least 5 years of follow-up after completing therapy were identified from our database. Records were reviewed for outcome and development of t-AML/MDS. RESULTS Seven hundred fifty-four patients treated from 1974 to 2003 were identified. Therapy varied across studies. Radiotherapy evolved from extended fields (S and C studies) to involved fields (G studies). Primary chemotherapy was mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) or procarbazine, mechlorethamine, and vinblastine (PAVe) in S studies; MOPP, PAVe, vinblastine, bleomycin, and methotrexate (VBM), or doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) in C studies; and VbM (reduced dose of bleomycin compared with VBM) or mechlorethamine, doxorubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, bleomycin, etoposide, and prednisone (Stanford V) in G studies. Cumulative exposure to alkylating agent (AA) was notably lower in the G studies compared with the S and C studies, with a 75% to 83% lower dose of nitrogen mustard in addition to omission of procarbazine and melphalan. Twenty-four (3.2%) of 754 patients developed t-AML/MDS, 15 after primary chemotherapy and nine after salvage chemotherapy for relapsed HL. The incidence of t-AML/MDS was significantly lower in the G studies (0.3%) compared with the S (5.7%) or C (5.2%) studies (P < .001). Additionally, in the G studies, no t-AML/MDS was noted after primary therapy, and the only patient who developed t-AML/MDS did so after second-line therapy. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the relationship between the cumulative AA dose and t-AML/MDS. Limiting the dose of AA and decreased need for secondary treatments have significantly reduced the incidence of t-AML/MDS, which was extremely rare in the G studies (Stanford V era).
[Musculoskeletal disorders and temporary disability. Characteristics and duration. Catalonia, 2007-2010].

BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the leading cause of sickness absence (SA) in Spain and the second in Catalonia. A greater knowledge of this field could allow the refocusing of social protection policies and interventions to reduce their frequency and duration. The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and duration of SA due to MSD in Catalonia between 2007 and 2010. METHODS The study population included all incident SA episodes due to MSD during the period 2007-2010, registered in the Institut Català d'AvaluacionsMèdiques (ICAM) database.We selected the 10 most frequentMSD (824.646 episodes) and extracted 607.732 (74%) SA episodes. We calculated the median duration of SA and analyzed the differences with Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and studied the differences with a post-hoc test. We also conducted a survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS The most frequent MSD were low back pain and neck pain. Median duration was greater for gonarthrosis and calcific tendonitis of the shoulder. The median duration of SA episodes was greater when pain was due to an organic disorder, in women (Z=51770950,5; p<0,001), increased with age (K=17335,72; p<0,001), and was longer in self-employed workers (Z=20965263,1; p<0.001) and in those working in agriculture and livestock (K=736,822; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the median duration of SA caused by MSD is influenced by the diagnosis, sex, age, type of work and type of social protection.