Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'New racism', self-esteem, and ethnic relations among minority and majority youth in the Netherlands

In Western Europe the concept of 'new racism' has emerged. The idea of the incompatibility of different cultures is central to this concept, and this idea leads to the abnormalization and exclusion of ethnic minority groups. This paper studies this form of ethnic prejudice and several of its correlates among ethnic majority and minority youth. The results show, first, that majority youth were more prejudiced than minority youth. Second, that among majority youth prejudice correlated positively with personal self-esteem as well as with self-esteem as an ethnic group member, whereas among minority youth a negative association was found. Third, among majority youth positive ingroup evaluation in combination with prejudice was found, whereas among minority youth a more positive ingroup evaluation was associated with less prejudice. Fourth, among majority youth prejudice was very strongly correlated with a measure of social distance, with rate of voluntary inter-ethnic contacts, and with level of outgroup formation. Among minority youth these associations were much weaker.
The relation between rumination and temporal features of emotion intensity

ABSTRACT Intensity profiles of emotional experience over time have been found to differ primarily in explosiveness (i.e. whether the profile has a steep vs. a gentle start) and accumulation (i.e. whether intensity increases over time vs. goes back to baseline). However, the determinants of these temporal features remain poorly understood. In two studies, we examined whether emotion regulation strategies are predictive of the degree of explosiveness and accumulation of negative emotional episodes. Participants were asked to draw profiles reflecting changes in the intensity of emotions elicited either by negative social feedback in the lab (Study 1) or by negative events in daily life (Study 2). In addition, trait (Study 1 & 2), and state (Study 2) usage of a set of emotion regulation strategies was assessed. Multilevel analyses revealed that trait rumination (especially the brooding component) was positively associated with emotion accumulation (Study 1 & 2). State rumination was also positively associated with emotion accumulation and, to a lesser extent, with emotion explosiveness (Study 2). These results provide support for emotion regulation theories, which hypothesise that rumination is a central mechanism underlying the maintenance of negative emotions.
A genetic variant in GLP1R is associated with response to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes

AbstractIncretin hormone-based therapy in type 2 diabetes has been widely used, and dipepdityl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which prevent incretin degradation, have become popular oral hypoglycemic agents. The efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors varies from individuals, and factors determining responses to DPP-4 inhibitors have not been fully established. We aimed to investigate whether genetic variations in glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor are associated with responses to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Genetic variations of rs3765467 in GLP-1 receptor were explored in 246 patients with type 2 diabetes who received DPP-4 inhibitors treatment for 24 weeks in addition to previous medication. Patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7% and who were naive to any DPP-4 inhibitors were enrolled. Responders were defined as those who showed a > 10% reduction in HbA1c after DPP-4 inhibitor treatment.DPP-4 inhibitors improved glycemic parameters and lipid profiles. Compared to the major genotype (GG), a larger proportion of patients with the minor allele genotype (GA/AA) were responders (P = 0.018), and also showing greater HbA1c reductions (1.3 ± 1.1 vs 0.9 ± 1.2%; P = 0.022). This genetic effect remained significant even after adjustment for other confounding factors (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.03–3.89). Polymorphism in the GLP-1 receptor may influence DPP-4 inhibitor response. Further studies in larger population will help determine the association between genetic variation and interindividual differences in DPP-4 inhibitor therapy.
English in Tamil: the language of advertising

ABSTRACT Advertising has come a long way, from pedlars in the market square extolling their goods to glossy mags full of innuendo and making extensive use of verbal and non-verbal devices to attract consumers. In India, copywriters make extensive use of English words and phrases in advertisements in a variety of ways. This paper examines the use of English in television and print advertising in the Tamil language. A cursory examination of Tamil advertising shows that the language of advertising does not follow rigid rules: it makes optimal use of possible resources from a wide variety of styles.
Topographic study of cervical condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia

In this study of 101 cervical conization specimens, the location and the size of condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia and carcinoma in situ) were mapped using the last endocervical gland as the marker for the original squamocolumnar junction. Condylomatous changes were identified in 85% of cervices affected by the intraepithelial neoplasia, and were in direct contact with 68% of intraepithelial neoplasms. The proximal location of intraepithelial neoplasia in relation to the condyloma can be explained by the occurrence of neoplasia just proximal to the condyloma and subsequent expansion of neoplasia towards the cervical canal. This study adds topographic evidence linking cervical condyloma to the development of intraepithelial neoplasia.
Northeast Atlantic and North Sea Storminess as Simulated by a Regional Climate Model during 1958-2001 and Comparison with Observations

An analysis of the storm climate of the northeast Atlantic and the North Sea as simulated by a regional climate model for the past 44 yr is presented. The model simulates the period 1958–2001 driven by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP– NCAR) reanalysis. Comparison with observations shows that the model is capable of reproducing impactrelated storm indices such as the number of severe and moderate storms per year or the total number of storms and upper intra-annual percentiles of near-surface wind speed. The indices describe both the yearto-year variability of the frequency, as well as changes in the average intensity of storm events. Analysis of these indices reveals that the average number of storms per year has increased near the exit of the North Atlantic storm track and over the southern North Sea since the beginning of the simulation period (1958), but the increase has attenuated later over the North Sea and the average number of storms per year has been decreasing over the northeast Atlantic since about 1990–95. The frequency of the most severe storms follows a similar pattern over the northeast North Atlantic while too few severe storms occurred in other areas of the model domain, preventing a statistical analysis for these areas.
Framing the Youth in Campaign 2004

This article reports results of a content analysis of 372 print and televised media stories about young voters during the 2004 U.S. presidential campaign. Despite an extensive media database search, findings indicate a surprisingly limited amount of media coverage of the youth vote. Results indicate that in the sample of stories addressing young voters, young voters were the prominent focus of 58% of the sample, a moderate reference in 24%, and a negligible mention in 18% of stories. Framing of young voters and youth-voter mobilization efforts were more positive than negative in tone (39% to 11% and 51% to 9%, respectively) during the campaign. However, media coverage presented a mixed opinion of the young-voter turnout, with 33% of stories framing the turnout positively and 34% framing turnout negatively. Implications of media framing and coverage are discussed and future research ideas are presented.
Effect of age on in vivo rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle.

A progressive decline in muscle performance in the rapidly expanding aging population is causing a dramatic increase in disability and health care costs. A decrease in muscle endurance capacity due to mitochondrial decay likely contributes to this decline in muscle performance. We developed a novel stable isotope technique to measure in vivo rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle using needle biopsy samples and applied this technique to elucidate a potential mechanism for the age-related decline in the mitochondrial content and function of skeletal muscle. The fractional rate of muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis in young humans (24 +/- 1 year) was 0.081 +/- 0.004%. h-1, and this rate declined to 0.047 +/- 0.005%. h-1 by middle age (54 +/- 1 year; P < 0.01). No further decline in the rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis (0.051 +/- 0.004%.h-1) occurred with advancing age (73 +/- 2 years). The mitochondrial synthesis rate was about 95% higher than that of mixed protein in the young, whereas it was approximately 35% higher in the middle-aged and elderly subjects. In addition, decreasing activities of mitochondrial enzymes were observed in muscle homogenates (cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase) and in isolated mitochondria (citrate synthase) with increasing age, indicating declines in muscle oxidative capacity and mitochondrial function, respectively. The decrease in the rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis is likely to be responsible for this decline in muscle oxidative capacity and mitochondrial function. These changes in muscle mitochondrial protein metabolism may contribute to the age-related decline in aerobic capacity and muscle performance.
Association of a Dietary Inflammatory Index With Inflammatory Indices and Metabolic Syndrome Among Police Officers

Objectives:To determine whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) is associated with inflammatory or metabolic biomarkers and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) among police officers. Methods:Cross-sectional data from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study were derived from saliva and fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, long-term shiftwork histories, and demographic, stress/depression, and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Metabolic syndrome was defined using standard criteria. Results:Officers in DII quartiles 2 to 4 were more likely to exceed a threshold of 3.0 mg/L for C-reactive protein (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.02 to 3.45; OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.19 to 3.95; OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 0.85 to 2.88, respectively) compared with quartile 1. The glucose intolerance component of MetSyn was more prevalent among officers in DII quartile 4 than among those in quartile 1 (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.08 to 3.82). Conclusions:A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with elevated CRP and with the glucose intolerance component of MetSyn.
Sex Discrimination in the Courtroom: Attorney's Gender and Credibility

The authors examined perceptions of attorney's credibility and case verdict as a function of attorney's gender. Results indicated that (1) women rated the female attorney as less intelligent, less friendly, less pleasant, less capable, less expert, and less experienced than the male attorney, and (2) mock jurors demonstrated a preference for retaining a male attorney rather than a female attorney as their own personal counsel.
GRAMMATICAL PRAGMATICS: POWER IN AKAN JUDICIAL DISCOURSE

GRAMMATICAL PRAGMATICS: POWER IN AKAN JUDICIAL DISCOURSE Samuel Gyasi Obeng This paper explores some pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of the Akan (Ghana, West Africa) native court judicial discourse. It is argued that court officials and litigants use specific content and functional words, idioms and other implicit expressions, as well as phonetic resources like mezzoforte and pianissimo loudness to express power, politeness and a range of attitudes and relationships such as distancing, anger, closeness, and politeness phenomena. Finally, the paper demonstrates that some judicial communication strategies employed by the interactional participants to indicate power in the native courts, may also be found in ordinary Akan conversation.
Real-Time Lagrangian Traffic State Estimator for Freeways

Freeway traffic state estimation and prediction are central components in real-time traffic management and information applications. Model-based traffic state estimators consist of a dynamic model for the state variables (e.g., a first- or second-order macroscopic traffic flow model), a set of observation equations relating sensor observations to the system state (e.g., the fundamental diagrams), and a data-assimilation technique to combine the model predictions with the sensor observations [e.g., the extended Kalman filter (EKF)]. Commonly, both process and observation models are formulated in Eulerian (space-time) coordinates. Recent studies have shown that this model can be formulated and solved more efficiently and accurately in Lagrangian (vehicle number-time) coordinates. In this paper, we propose a new model-based state estimator based on the EKF technique, in which the discretized Lagrangian Lighthill-Whitham and Richards (LWR) model is used as the process equation, and in which observation models for both Eulerian and Lagrangian sensor data (from loop detectors and vehicle trajectories, respectively) are incorporated. This Lagrangian state estimator is validated and compared with a Eulerian state estimator based on the same LWR model using an empirical microscopic traffic data set from the U.K. The results indicate that the Lagrangian estimator is significantly more accurate and offers computational and theoretical benefits over the Eulerian approach.
Shut up and listen: applied critical race theory in the classroom

This paper demonstrates that applying critical race theory to the classroom dramatically shifts the nature and scope of schooling for students of color in urban schools. In focusing on students, applied critical race theory centers the development of voice and expression, and de‐centers the high‐stakes pressures that limit student engagement. This overview of a writing class at a continuation high school clarifies the importance of student voice, but also of knowing how to engage in dialogue with students about the social context they navigate daily. Understanding how to foster critical voice in students provides educators the tools to create engaging classrooms, and acknowledges the intense emotional experiences that students bring (from home contexts) to the classroom. Without such acknowledgement at the core of schooling, educators are likely to reinforce the very stereotypes that lead students to reject what they often see as demeaning education. The article demonstrates instructional techniques that encourage student voice as a foundation for academic excellence, and argues that applying critical race theory ultimately requires re‐visioning the entire US educational system.
Flexible learning in teacher education: myths, muddles and models

While there has been widespread take‐up of the concept ‘flexible learning’ within various educational environments—and equally frequent references to the flexible ‘natures’ of the computer and communication technologies that often underpin flexible learning initiatives—the relationship between technologies and flexibility is not a simple one. In this paper we examine some of the more persistent myths about technologies that are intertwined with discourses of flexibility. We highlight some of the more common ‘muddles’ that these myths can lead us in to and argue that the ‘mess’ that so often results from well‐intentioned moves to ‘be more flexible’ is largely a result of the ways that CCTs, or indeed any new educational technology or strategy, is theorized. Drawing on a recent study of online teaching and learning in higher education, we outline a new framework for examining these and related issues as they apply to teacher education.
Sleep Duration and Adolescent Obesity

OBJECTIVES: Short sleep has been associated with adolescent obesity. Most studies used a cross-sectional design and modeled BMI categories. We sought to determine if sleep duration was associated with BMI distribution changes from age 14 to 18. METHODS: Adolescents were recruited from suburban high schools in Philadelphia when entering ninth grade (n = 1390) and were followed-up every 6 months through 12th grade. Height and weight were self-reported, and BMIs were calculated (kg/m2). Hours of sleep were self-reported. Quantile regression was used to model the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th BMI percentiles as dependent variables; study wave and sleep were the main predictors. RESULTS: BMI increased from age 14 to 18, with the largest increase observed at the 90th BMI percentile. Each additional hour of sleep was associated with decreases in BMI at the 10th (–0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.11, 0.03), 25th (–0.12; 95% CI: –0.20, –0.04), 50th (–0.15; 95% CI: –0.24, –0.06), 75th (–0.25; 95% CI: –0.38, –0.12), and 90th (–0.27; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.09) BMI percentiles. The strength of the association was stronger at the upper tail of the BMI distribution. Increasing sleep from 7.5 to 10.0 hours per day at age 18 predicted a reduction in the proportion of adolescents >25 kg/m2 by 4%. CONCLUSIONS: More sleep was associated with nonuniform changes in BMI distribution from age 14 to 18. Increasing sleep among adolescents, especially those in the upper half of the BMI distribution, may help prevent overweight and obesity.
Energy Proportional Servers: Where Are We in 2016?

The huge energy consumption in data centers produces not only high electricity bill but also tremendous carbon footprints. Although today's servers and data centers of leading internet companies are more energy efficient than ever before, the fluctuations in external workload and internal resource utilization calls for energy proportional computing. Insight into server energy proportionality can help improve workload placement while also reducing energy consumption. In this paper, we investigate all 477 valid published results of SPECpower_ssj benchmark from 2007 to 2016Q3 and reorganize them by hardware availability year for more accurate analysis on production servers. Through comprehensive analysis we find that: (1) The specious stagnation of energy proportionality in recent years is mainly caused by the adoption of processors of specific microarchitecture and is not the indicative trend of energy proportionality improvement. (2) Microarchitecture evolution has more influence on energy efficiency improvement than energy proportionality. (3) Today's servers' peak energy efficiencies are shifting from 100% resource utilization to 80% or 70% utilization and server energy proportionality improves with such shifting. We then conduct extensive experiments on 4 rack servers to investigate the energy efficiency variations under different hardware configurations, including memory per core installation and processor frequency scaling. Our experiments show that hardware configuration has significant impact on server's energy efficiency. Our findings presented in this paper provide useful insights and guidance to system designers, as well as data center operators for energy proportionality aware workload placement and energy savings.
Alzheimer-Like Pattern of Hypometabolism Emerges with Elevated Amyloid-β Burden in Down Syndrome.

BACKGROUND The Down syndrome (DS) population is genetically predisposed to amyloid-β protein precursor overproduction and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE The temporal ordering and spatial association between amyloid-β, glucose metabolism, and gray matter (GM) volume in the DS population can provide insight into those associations in the more common sporadic AD. METHODS Twenty-four adults (13 male, 11 female; 39±7 years) with DS underwent [11C]PiB, [18F]FDG, and volumetric MRI scans. Voxel-wise associations between PiB SUVR, FDG SUVR, and GM volume were investigated, with and without individual adjustments for variables of interest. RESULTS Positive associations of PiB and age were widespread throughout the neocortex and striatum. Negative associations of FDG and age (frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex) and of GM volume and age (frontal and insular cortex) were observed. PiB and FDG were negatively associated in parietal cortex, after adjustment for GM volume. CONCLUSIONS In adults with DS, early amyloid-β accumulation in the striatum is divergent from sporadic AD; however, despite the early striatal amyloid-β, glucose hypometabolism was confined to the typical AD-associated regions, which occurs similarly in autosomal dominant AD. Importantly, the glucose hypometabolism was not explained solely by increased partial volume effect due to GM volume reductions.
Prognostic significance of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression in patients with ovarian tumors.

AIM Amino acid transporters are essential for the growth, progression and the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, it remains obscure about the clinicopathological significance of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and system ASC amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2) for patients with human ovarian tumors. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prognostic role of these amino acid transporters in ovarian tumor. METHODS One-hundred forty-two patients with surgically resected ovarian tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Expression of LAT1, ASCT2, CD98, Ki-67 and microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34 were evaluated using specimens of the resected tumors. RESULTS LAT1 and ASCT2 were positively expressed in 39% and 53%, respectively, of ovarian tumors (n=142) and 50% and 57%, respectively, of epidermal ovarian cancers (n=107). A positive LAT1 expression was closely correlated with the expression for ASCT2 and CD98, and cell proliferation (Ki-67) in ovarian cancer. By multivariate analysis, LAT1 was clarified as a significant independent marker for predicting a poor overall survival (OS). The expression of LAT1 could clearly discriminate between epidermal ovarian cancer and borderline malignancy. The expression level of LAT1 within ovarian cancer cells varied among serous adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma and we found LAT1 expression was higher in clear cell adenocarcinoma than other histological types. CONCLUSIONS LAT1 is highly expressed in various ovarian tumors and a positive LAT1 expression can serve as a significant independent factor for predicting a poor OS in patients with epidermal ovarian cancer.