Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of cell crowding and active cell movement on vascular tumour growth

A multiscale model for vascular tumour growth is presented which includes systems of ordinary dierential equations for the cell cycle and regula- tion of apoptosis in individual cells, coupled to partial dierential equations for the spatio-temporal dynamics of nutrient and key signalling chemicals. Fur- thermore, these subcellular and tissue layers are incorporated into a cellular automaton framework for cancerous and normal tissue with an embedded vas- cular network. The model is the extension of previous work and includes novel features such as cell movement and contact inhibition. We present a detailed simulation study of the eects of these additions on the invasive behaviour of tumour cells and the tumour's response to chemotherapy. In particular, we find that cell movement alone increases the rate of tumour growth and expansion, but that increasing the tumour cell carrying capacity leads to the formation of less invasive dense hypoxic tumours containing fewer tumour cells. However, when an increased carrying capacity is combined with significant tumour cell movement, the tumour grows and spreads more rapidly, accompanied by large spatio-temporal fluctuations in hypoxia, and hence in the number of quies- cent cells. Since, in the model, hypoxic/quiescent cells produce VEGF which stimulates vascular adaptation, such fluctuations can dramatically aect drug
Visually Guided Haptic Search

In this study, we investigate the influence of visual feedback on haptic exploration. A haptic search task was designed in which subjects had to haptically explore a virtual display using a force-feedback device and to determine whether a target was present among distractor items. Although the target was recognizable only haptically, visual feedback of finger position or possible target positions could be given. Our results show that subjects could use visual feedback on possible target positions even in the absence of feedback on finger position. When there was no feedback on possible target locations, subjects scanned the whole display systematically. When feedback on finger position was present, subjects could make well-directed movements back to areas of interest. This was not the case without feedback on finger position, indicating that showing finger position helps to form a spatial representation of the display. In addition, we show that response time models of visual serial search do not generally apply for haptic serial search. Consequently, in teleoperation systems, for instance, it is helpful to show the position of the probe even if visual information on the scene is poor.
Sharing Tacit Knowledge

This paper explores tacit knowledge sharing. This case demonstrates the significance of knowledge sharing to organizational performance, by exploring the contribution of tacit knowledge sharing to the success of projects in the Australian Film Industry (AFI). The differences between knowledge sharing, collaboration and communication, and their interrelations are addressed. We also explore the concepts of knowledge, information, and data. In the interchanges reported here the knowledge shared is almost entirely tacit, and the “raw” data and information do not exist without the context that makes them knowledge. The paper includes the identification of many factors affecting knowledge sharing, not all of which have been identified by previous researchers. This research contributes to a better understanding of tacit knowledge and how that knowledge is shared. This in turn contributes to a better understanding of how knowledge management can be supported in a modern organization, where often the technology is used in ways not well understood by system managers and software developers. A better understanding can lead to better ICT design and support of knowledge sharing both within and across organizations.
A Key Characteristic of Sex Differences in the Developing Brain: Greater Variability in Brain Structure of Boys than Girls

In many domains, including cognition and personality, greater variability is observed in males than in females in humans. However, little is known about how variability differences between sexes are represented in the brain. The present study tested whether there is a sex difference in variance in brain structure using a cohort of 643 males and 591 females aged between 3 and 21 years. The broad age-range of the sample allowed us to test if variance differences in the brain differ across age. We observed significantly greater male than female variance for several key brain structures, including cerebral white matter and cortex, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, and cerebellar cortex volumes. The differences were observed at both upper and lower extremities of the distributions and appeared stable across development. These findings move beyond mean levels by showing that sex differences were pronounced for variability, thereby providing a novel perspective on sex differences in the developing brain.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE , WORK MOTIVATION AND SELF-EFFICACY

The importance of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in organizations is well documented, and studies that originate from the interactionist perspective and combine personal and situational factors in predicting OCBs are needed. Toward this end, and based on a recent theoretical model, the current study attempted to predict OCB by organizational justice, work motivation, and self-efficacy. A research questionnaire measuring the three predictors was administered to 151 employees, and a measure of their OCB was provided by their supervisors. Whereas OCBs were found to be positively correlated with the three predictors, a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that only organizational justice and work motivation were significant predictors of OCBs. The study emphasizes the importance of using an interactionist perspective integrating endogenous and exogenous forces in studying the antecedents of OCBs. OCBs may be closely related to task performance and may be predicted by motivation related variables. Organizations may facilitate OCBs by improving organizational justice and raising work motivation among employees.
Security improvements for IEEE 1588 Annex K: Implementation and comparison of authentication codes

IEEE 1588 Annex K describes a security mechanism for clock synchronization based on authentication of the PTP messages through HMAC. Since the standard was published, several new improved authentication algorithms were implemented and tested, in particular GMAC, XCBCMAC and CMAC, which provide the same level of security. Simulations and measurements show that contrarily to popular belief, these algorithms allow to authenticate on-the-fly the one-step Sync or Pdelay_Resp messages even at 1 Gbit/s. Faster algorithms would improve throughput only marginally. It was also found that the present security association and key management could be improved. These results should be considered for a next revision of Annex K. Such changes should first be coordinated with other protocols, in particular IEC 62351 and IEC 62439-3, to achieve a unified, hardware-implemented security for all Layer 2 protocols.
Cataract and its surgery in Papua New Guinea

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of visually significant cataract, unoperated blinding cataract, and cataract surgery for those aged 50 years and over in Papua New Guinea. Also, to determine the characteristics, rate, coverage and outcome of cataract surgery, and barriers to its uptake.
A diffuse infiltrative CD8 lymphocytosis syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a host immune response associated with HLA-DR5.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, immunologic, and immunogenetic features of a diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic disorder resembling Sjögren syndrome in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN Clinical case study. SETTING University-affiliated hospitals and outpatient clinics. PATIENTS Consecutive sample of 17 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS All of the 17 patients had bilateral parotid gland enlargement; 14 had xerostomia and 6 had xerophthalmia. Of the 17 patients, 14 had generalized lymphadenopathy, 10 had histologically proved lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, 4 had neurologic involvement, and 3 had lymphocytic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Gallium scanning in all of 11 tested patients showed abnormal salivary gland uptake. Minor salivary gland biopsies showed more than 2 lymphocytic foci per 4 mm2 tissue in all of 11 tested patients, the infiltrate consisting predominantly of CD8 cells. Fifteen patients had circulating CD8 lymphocytosis; the principal phenotype of these cells was CD8+ CD29+. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies were infrequent, and none of the patients had anti-Ro/SS-A or anti-La/SS-B antibodies. HLA-DR5 was significantly more frequent in the black patients (10 of 12) compared with controls (13 of 45). Only one patient developed an opportunistic infection during 544 patient-months of study, and none has died of AIDS. CONCLUSIONS A distinct syndrome primarily characterized by parotid gland enlargement, sicca symptoms, and pulmonary involvement occurs in HIV infection. This disorder is associated with CD8 lymphocytosis and the presence of HLA-DR5, and appears to be a genetically determined host immune response to HIV.
The Use of Antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy should be oriented towards sensitive pathogenic strains. The problem in most periodontal infections is that the latter are not clearly identified and that culturing techniques to document sensitivity are time-consuming (at least 5 days for anaerobes) and cumbersome. Thus for chronic periodontal infections, the choice is based on the clinical diagnosis: juvenile, post-juvenile, chronic adult, periodontitis. It is known from longitudinal studies that mechanical plaque control can cope with nearly all periodontal infections. Antibiotic therapy should thus be limited to refractory or very aggressive cases, acute complications, immunologically compromised patients and patients with a need for antibiotic coverage during surgical procedures. If needed tetracyclines, metronidazole, clindamycin, bacampicillins are the appropriate adjuvants in different types of infections. Considering the side-effects and the increasing resistance of bacterial species, dentists should never use antibiotics without the appropriate local treatment and without a clear-cut indication. Postoperative swelling certainly is not one.
Location of the rostral end of the longitudinal brain axis: Review of an old topic in the light of marking experiments on the closing rostral neuropore

The rostral end of the forebrain was classically defined on the basis of descriptive data. Different assumptions on the mode of closure of the rostral neuropore caused three different theories of the rostral end of the forebrain to be formulated (His 1893a; von Kupffer, '06; Johnston, '09). Some recent descriptive and experimental data have put these theories into question.
Effects of particle size and cushioning thickness on the performance of rock-filled gabions used in protection against boulder impact

A gabion is one of the most commonly used cushioning layers to shield protection structures against boulders entrained in debris flow. Despite the prevalence of gabions, their cushioning performance is highly variable because of the wide range of rock sizes and cushioning thicknesses that are recommended in the literature. Correspondingly, the dynamic response of gabion cushioning layers varies dramatically. In this study, large-scale pendulum impact tests were used to calibrate a discrete element model. Subsequently, a parametric study was carried out to discern the effects of particle size and cushioning thickness on the impact load and transmitted load exerted by a boulder. Results reveal that as the particle size in the cushioning layer decreases, the force chains collapse more easily, and the expansion angle of strain energy increases. To optimize the performance of a gabion cushioning layer, practitioners should reduce the size of the particles to a normalized particle radius of about 0.1. A normalized particle radius less than 0.2 ensures that the expansion angle of strain energy is large enough — greater than 45° in this study — so as to enable load spreading across the barrier. To eliminate the effects of energy reflecting off the barrier and directed back to the point of impact, which augments the impact load, the cushioning layer thickness should be greater than three times the radius of the boulder.
Multiplex Media Attention and Disregard Network among 129 Countries

We built a multiplex media attention and disregard network (MADN) among 129 countries over 212 days. By characterizing the MADN from multiple levels, we found that it is formed primarily by skewed, hierarchical, and asymmetric relationships. Also, we found strong evidence that our news world is becoming a "global village. " However, at the same time, unique attention blocks of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, as well as Russia and its neighbors, still exist.
Antibodies specifically targeting a locally misfolded region of tumor associated EGFR

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is involved in stimulating the growth of many human tumors, but the success of therapeutic agents has been limited in part by interference from the EGFR on normal tissues. Previously, we reported an antibody (mab806) against a truncated form of EGFR found commonly in gliomas. Remarkably, it also recognizes full-length EGFR on tumor cells but not on normal cells. However, the mechanism for this activity was unclear. Crystallographic structures for Fab:EGFR287–302 complexes of mAb806 (and a second, related antibody, mAb175) show that this peptide epitope adopts conformations similar to those found in the wtEGFR. However, in both conformations observed for wtEGFR, tethered and untethered, antibody binding would be prohibited by significant steric clashes with the CR1 domain. Thus, these antibodies must recognize a cryptic epitope in EGFR. Structurally, it appeared that breaking the disulfide bond preceding the epitope might allow the CR1 domain to open up sufficiently for antibody binding. The EGFRC271A/C283A mutant not only binds mAb806, but binds with 1:1 stoichiometry, which is significantly greater than wtEGFR binding. Although mAb806 and mAb175 decrease tumor growth in xenografts displaying mutant, overexpressed, or autocrine stimulated EGFR, neither antibody inhibits the in vitro growth of cells expressing wtEGFR. In contrast, mAb806 completely inhibits the ligand-associated stimulation of cells expressing EGFRC271A/C283A. Clearly, the binding of mAb806 and mAb175 to the wtEGFR requires the epitope to be exposed either during receptor activation, mutation, or overexpression. This mechanism suggests the possibility of generating antibodies to target other wild-type receptors on tumor cells.
Object Recognition using Discriminative Robust Local Binary Pattern

Local Binary Pattern is the most popular texture classification feature. It also shows excellent face detection performance. It is robust to the illumination and contrast variations as it considers the signs of the pixel differences. A Histogramming Local Binary Pattern code makes the descriptor resistant to translations within the Histogramming neighborhood. The two sets of novel edge-texture features are been proposed in this paper that are Discriminative Robust Local Binary Pattern (DRLBP) and Discriminative Robust Ternary Pattern (DRLTP). DRLBP helps to resolves the problem of Robust Local Binary Pattern in which the Local Binary Pattern codes and their complements which are in the same block area been mapped to the same code. Further, the proposed features also tend retain contrast information that is necessary for proper representation of the object contours.
A Maximum-Likelihood Interpretation for Slow Feature Analysis

The brain extracts useful features from a maelstrom of sensory information, and a fundamental goal of theoretical neuroscience is to work out how it does so. One proposed feature extraction strategy is motivated by the observation that the meaning of sensory data, such as the identity of a moving visual object, is often more persistent than the activation of any single sensory receptor. This notion is embodied in the slow feature analysis (SFA) algorithm, which uses slowness as a heuristic by which to extract semantic information from multidimensional time series. Here, we develop a probabilistic interpretation of this algorithm, showing that inference and learning in the limiting case of a suitable probabilistic model yield exactly the results of SFA. Similar equivalences have proved useful in interpreting and extending comparable algorithms such as independent component analysis. For SFA, we use the equivalent probabilistic model as a conceptual springboard with which to motivate several novel extensions to the algorithm.
Alcohol industry sponsorship and hazardous drinking in UK university students who play sport.

AIM To examine whether receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship is associated with problematic drinking in UK university students who play sport. METHODS University students (n = 2450) participating in sports were invited to complete a pen-and-paper questionnaire by research staff approaching them at sporting facilities and in university settings. Respondents were asked whether they, personally, their team and/or their club were currently in receipt of sponsorship (e.g. money, free or subsidized travel or sporting products) from an alcohol-related industry (e.g. bars, liquor stores, wholesalers), and whether they had solicited the sponsorship. Drinking was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS Questionnaires were completed by 2048 of those approached (response rate = 83%). Alcohol industry sponsorship was reported by 36% of the sample. After accounting for confounders (age, gender, disposable income and location) in multivariable models, receipt of alcohol sponsorship by a team (adjusted βadj = 0.41, P = 0.013), club (βadj = 0.73, P = 0.017), team and club (βadj = 0.79, P = 0.002) and combinations of individual and team or club sponsorships (βadj = 1.27, P < 0.002) were each associated with significantly higher AUDIT-consumption substance scores. Receipt of sponsorship by team and club [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-3.99] and combinations of individual and team or club sponsorships (aOR = 4.12; 95% CI = 1.29-13.15) were each associated with increased odds of being classified a hazardous drinker (AUDIT score >8). Respondents who sought out sponsorship were not at greater risk than respondents, or whose teams or clubs, had been approached by the alcohol industry. CONCLUSIONS University students in the United Kingdom who play sport and who personally receive alcohol industry sponsorship or whose club or team receives alcohol industry sponsorship appear to have more problematic drinking behaviour than UK university students who play sport and receive no alcohol industry sponsorship. Policy to reduce or cease such sponsorship should be considered.
Characterization of Protein Kinase C-δ in Mouse Oocytes Throughout Meiotic Maturation and Following Egg Activation1

Abstract Changes in protein kinase C (PKC) activity influence the progression of meiosis; however, the specific function of the various PKC isoforms in female gametes is not known. In the current study, the protein expression and subcellular distribution profile of PKC-delta (PKC-δ), a novel isoform of the PKC family, was determined in mouse oocytes undergoing meiotic maturation and following egg activation. The full-length protein was observed as a doublet (76 and 78 kDa) on Western blot analysis. A smaller (47 kDa) carboxyl-terminal fragment, presumably the truncated catalytic domain of PKC-δ, was also strongly expressed. Both the full-length protein and the catalytic fragment became phosphorylated coincident with the resumption of meiosis and remained phosphorylated throughout metaphase II (MII) arrest. Immunofluorescence staining showed PKC-δ distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm of oocytes during maturation and associated with the spindle apparatus during the first meiotic division. Discrete foci of the protein also localized with the chromosomes in some mature eggs. Following the completion of meiosis, PKC-δ became dephosphorylated within 2 h of in vitro fertilization or parthenogenetic activation. The protein also accumulated in the nuclei of early embryos and was phosphorylated during M-phase of the initial mitotic cleavage division. By the two-cell stage, expression of the truncated catalytic fragment was minimal. These data demonstrate that the subcellular distribution and posttranslational modification of PKC-δ is cell cycle dependent, suggesting that its activity and/or function likely vary with the progression of meiosis and egg activation.
Three extensions to register integration

Register integration (or just integration) is a register renaming discipline that implements instruction reuse via physical register sharing. Initially developed to perform squash reuse, the integration mechanism can exploit more reuse scenarios. Here, we describe three extensions to the original design that expand its applicability and boost its performance impact. First, we extend squash reuse to general reuse. Whereas squash reuse maintains the concept of an instruction instance "owning" its output register, we allow multiple instructions to simultaneously share a single register. Next, we replace the PC-indexing scheme with an opcode-based indexing scheme that exposes more integration opportunities. Finally, we introduce an extension called reverse integration in which we speculatively create integration entries for the inverses of operations for instance, when renaming an add, we create an entry for the inverse subtract. Reverse integration allows us to reuse operations that the program itself has not executed yet. We use reverse integration to implement speculative memory bypassing for stack-pointer based loads (register fills and restores). Our evaluation shows that these extensions increase the integration rate - the number of retired instructions that integrate older results and bypass the execution engine -to an average of 15% on the SPEC2000 integer benchmarks. On a 4-way superscalar processor with an aggressive memory system, this translates into an average IPC improvement of 7%. The fact that integrating instructions completely bypass the execution engine raises the possibility of using integration as a low-complexity substitute for execution bandwidth and issue buffering. Our experiments show that such a trade-off is possible, enabling a range of IPC/complexity designs.
Hue modification estimation using sensor pattern noise

In digital image forensics, previous methods for hue forgery detection cannot be used after common image processing such as resizing and JPEG compression. In this paper, we suggest a robust forensics scheme for estimating hue modification of images. To achieve this goal, we use sensor pattern noise from each color channel of un-tampered images as the ground truth. Since we know the unique characteristics of each color channel, we can estimate a hue modification by testing suspicious images for all hue changes. The results confirms that the proposed method distinguishes hue modification and estimates the changed degree; moreover, it provides robustness against resizing and JPEG compression.