Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses to youth intimate partner violence: the meaning of youth-specific factors and interconnections with resilience

ABSTRACT Taking its starting point in a mixed methods study on Dating Violence/Youth Intimate Partner Violence (youth IPV), this article emphasizes the social sphere of youth IPV and contributes to a focus shift from consequences and risks to responses, resilience, and resistance. It asks how IPV-exposed youth describe their responses and those of their social networks to violence, and how these responses might be interconnected with resilience. By exploring the concepts of ‘resistance’ and ‘paradoxical resilience’, youth responses in the context of an abusive relationship are highlighted. The empirical data comes from 18 in-depth, ‘teller focused’ interviews with victimized youth (aged 17–23) in Sweden. A theoretical thematic analysis of the interviews surfaced responses from three different types of actors, all described from the youth perspective. Responses are discussed from the point of view that they can promote resilience, but also enable abuse to continue. Overall, the data show youth-specific factors that have meaningful bearing on responses as well as resilience. The article also proposes that responses should be an omnipresent concern for practitioners working with these young people and for the adults involved in their lives.
CMOS Electro-Chemical DNA-Detection Array with On-Chip ADC

We report on a CMOS-based microsensor array, featuring 576 electrodes and 24 channels, for label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization. Each channel comprises a potentiostatic circuit that keeps the electrode at a defined potential and measures the respective electrical current. The readout channels rely on a first-order delta-sigma architecture, where the electrode-electrolyte capacitance is used as the integrator. This results in a very compact recording circuit inclusive of A/D conversion; the circuit consists of only the measurement electrode, a comparator, a feedback capacitance and a few switches. Biological experiments with short DNA samples and DNA extracted from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are presented.
Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the preparation of substitutes

The first milk substitute for giant panda cubs was developed in 1988 based on limited data about giant panda breast milk and that of certain types of bear. Mixtures of other formulas have also been fed to cubs at some facilities. However, they are not of sufficient nutritional quality for promoting growth in panda cubs. Here, we report analysis of giant panda breast milk and propose new milk substitutes for cubs, which were developed based on the results of our analysis. The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding obtained breast milk samples from three giant pandas. Up to 30 ml of breast milk were collected from each mother by hand. Then, the milk samples were frozen and sent to Nihon University. The levels of protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, moisture, vitamins, minerals, total amino acids, fatty acids, lactose and other carbohydrates in the milk were analyzed. The breast milk samples exhibited the following nutritional values: protein: 6.6–8.5%, fat: 6.9–16.4%, carbohydrates: 2.5–9.1%, ash: 0.9–1.0% and moisture: 67–83%. We designed two kinds of milk substitutes based on the data obtained and the nutritional requirements of dogs, cats and rodents. The nutritional composition of the milk substitutes for the first and second stages was as follows: protein: 38 and 26%, fat: 40 and 40%, carbohydrates: 13 and 25%, ash: 6 and 6% and moisture: 3 and 3%, respectively. In addition, the substitutes contained vitamins, minerals, taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, lactoferrin, nucleotides and other nutrients.
Slim accretion discs: a model for ADAF–SLE transitions

ABSTRA C T We numerically construct slim, global, vertically integrated models of optically thin, transonic accretion discs around black holes, assuming a regularity condition at the sonic radius and boundary conditions at the outer radius of the disc and near the black hole. In agreement with several previous studies, we find two branches of shock-free solutions, in which the cooling is dominated either by advection or by local radiation. We also confirm that the part of the accretion flow where advection dominates is in some circumstances limited in size: it does not extend beyond a certain outer limiting radius. New results found in our paper concern the location of the limiting radius and the properties of the flow near to it. In particular, we find that beyond the limiting radius the advective-dominated solutions match on to Shapiro, Lightman & Eardley (SLE) discs through a smooth transition region. Therefore, the full global solutions are shock-free and unlimited in size. There is no need to postulate an extra physical effect (e.g. evaporation) for triggering the ADAF‐SLE transition. It occurs as a result of standard accretion processes described by the classic slim disc equations.
Environmental variations in a semi-enclosed embayment (Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece) - reconstructions based on benthic foraminifera abundance and lipid biomarker pattern

Abstract. The evolution of environmental changes during the last decades and the impact on the living biomass in the western part of Amvrakikos Gulf was investigated using abundances and species distributions of benthic foraminifera and lipid biomarker concentrations. These proxies indicated that the gulf has markedly changed due to eutrophication. Eutrophication has led to a higher productivity, a higher bacterial biomass, shifts towards opportunistic and tolerant benthic foraminifera species (e.g. Bulimina elongata, Nonionella turgida, Textularia agglutinans, Ammonia tepida) and a lower benthic species density. Close to the Preveza Strait (connection between the gulf and the Ionian Sea), the benthic assemblages were more diversified under more oxygenated conditions. Sea grass meadows largely contributed to the organic matter at this sampling site. The occurrence of isorenieratane, chlorobactane and lycopane supported by oxygen monitoring data indicated that anoxic (and partly euxinic) conditions prevailed seasonally throughout the western part of the gulf with more severe oxygen depletion towards the east. Increased surface water temperatures have led to a higher stratification, which reduced oxygen resupply to bottom waters. Altogether, these developments led to mass mortality events and ecosystem decline in Amvrakikos Gulf.
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Ameliorates Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Cognitive and Sensorimotor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in Rats

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major public health issue, representing 75–90% of all cases of TBI. In clinical settings, mTBI, which is defined as a Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13–15, can lead to various physical, cognitive, emotional, and psychological-related symptoms. To date, there are no pharmaceutical-based therapies to manage the development of the pathological deficits associated with mTBI. In this study, the neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), an incretin similar to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), was investigated after its steady-state subcutaneous administration, focusing on behavior after mTBI in an in vivo animal model. The mTBI rat model was generated by a mild controlled cortical impact (mCCI) and used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of GIP. We used the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests, which are tasks for spatial and recognition memory, respectively, to identify the putative therapeutic effects of GIP on cognitive function. Further, beam walking and the adhesive removal tests were used to evaluate locomotor activity and somatosensory functions in rats with and without GIP administration after mCCI lesion. Lastly, we used immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot analyses to evaluate the inflammatory markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), and bone marrow tyrosine kinase gene in chromosome X (BMX) in animals with mTBI. GIP was well tolerated and ameliorated mTBI-induced memory impairments, poor balance, and sensorimotor deficits after initiation in the post-injury period. In addition, GIP mitigated mTBI-induced neuroinflammatory changes on GFAP, APP, and BMX protein levels. These findings suggest GIP has significant benefits in managing mTBI-related symptoms and represents a novel strategy for mTBI treatment.
Why Do Firms Pay for Bond Ratings When They Can Get Them for Free

I investigate whether rating agencies (Moody’s and S&P) use consistent standards in solicited and unsolicited ratings, that is, whether agencies treat issuers who pay for the service (solicited rating) differently from those who do not pay (unsolicited rating). I find that both agencies give significantly lower ratings to unsolicited issues. However, I do not find a significant difference between the performances of solicited and unsolicited issues. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that rating agencies give worse ratings to un-soliciting issuers not as blackmail, but rather as a necessary adjustment for the difference in the true and unobserved quality. Holding public information constant, issuers with better private information self select into the soliciting group since by disclosing the private information to the agencies they can receive higher ratings. The results in this paper do not lend support for more stringent regulation on the rating agencies.
Controlling nanomorphology in plastic solar cells

In the global search for clean, renewable energy sources, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have recently been given much attention. Popular modern-day organic solar cells are made from solution-processable, carbon-based polymers (e.g. the model poly(3-hexylthiophene) that are intimately blended with fullerene derivatives (e.g. [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) to form what is known as the dispersed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ). This BHJ architecture has produced some of the most efficient OPVs to date, with reports closing in on 10% power conversion efficiency. To push efficiencies further into double digits, many groups have identified the BHJ nanomorphology — that is, the phase separations and grain sizes within the polymer: fullerene composite — as a key aspect in need of control and improvement. As a result, many methods, including thermal annealing, slow-drying (solvent) annealing, vapor annealing, and solvent additives, have been developed and studied to promote BHJ self-organization. In this rev.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a marked, or intense, fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others. The most well-known and efficacious psychological treatment for individuals with SAD is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Previous meta-analysis reported that the most recommended treatment components of CBT programs for SAD are exposure and cognitive restructuring. In recent years, mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) has shown efficacy in improving SAD. In this chapter, exposure treatment and cognitive restructuring for SAD and MBI for SAD are introduced. Additionally, the benefits of using MBI for SAD are discussed. This chapter also discusses the effects on the improvement of trait-mindfulness for social anxiety. Finally, we indicate the possibilities of the combination of mindfulness and exposure for treatment of SAD.
Hierarchies for semantic classes

We show that for any constant a, ZPP/b(n) strictly contains ZPTIME(na)/b(n) for some b(n) = O(log n log log n). Our techniques are very general and give the same hierarchy for all common semantic time classes including RTIME, NTIME ∩ coNTIME, UTIME, MATIME, AMTIME and BQTIME.We show a stronger hierarchy for RTIME: For every constant c, RP/1 is not contained in RTIME(nc)/(log n)1/2c. To prove this result we first prove a similar statement for NP by building on Zák's proof of the nondeterministic time hierarchy.
Design of efficient high throughput pipelined parallel turbo decoder using QPP interleaver

This paper introduces a novel energy efficient architecture for a turbo decoder using quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP) interleaver The Add Compare Select Offset (ACSO) unit of the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoder, has been pipelined to a depth of four to reduce the critical path delay and increase the operating clock frequency and throughput as a consequence. The present turbo decoder architecture also benefits from a contention-free quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP) based interleaver, the complexity of which has been considerably reduced by judicious memory partitioning. Typically, as demonstrated in the present work, 32 MAP decoder core can achieve a data rate of 1.138 Gbps at a maximum clock frequency of 486 MHz when implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process.
Explicit Document Modeling through Weighted Multiple-Instance Learning

Representing documents is a crucial component in many NLP tasks, for instance predicting aspect ratings in reviews. Previous methods for this task treat documents globally, and do not acknowledge that target categories are often assigned by their authors with generally no indication of the speciﬁc sentences that motivate them. To address this issue, we adopt a weakly supervised learning model, which jointly learns to focus on relevant parts of a document according to the context along with a classiﬁer for the target categories. Derived from the weighted multiple-instance regression (MIR) framework, the model learns decomposable document vectors for each individual category and thus overcomes the representational bottleneck in previous methods due to a ﬁxed-length document vector. During prediction, the estimated relevance or saliency weights explicitly capture the contribution of each sentence to the predicted rating, thus oﬀering an explanation of the rating. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on multi-aspect sentiment analysis, improving over several baselines. Moreover, the predicted saliency weights are close to human estimates obtained by crowdsourcing, and increase the performance of lexical and topical features for review segmentation and summarization.
Reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness after lung resection is not related to the number of lung segments removed

Aim To evaluate the effect of lung cancer surgery on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and to assess the agreement between the predicted postoperative (ppo) V̇O2peak and actually measured postoperative peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). Methods Before and 4–6 weeks after lung cancer surgery, 70 patients (35 women) underwent measurements of pulmonary function and CRF via a cardiopulmonary exercise test. In addition, the 23 non-exercising patients underwent measurements after 6 months. The ppo V̇O2peak calculated from the number of functional segments removed was compared with the actually measured postoperative values of V̇O2peak for accuracy and precision. Results After surgery, the V̇O2peak decreased from 23.9±5.8 to 19.2±5.5 mL/kg/min (−19.6±15.7%) (p<0.001). The breathing reserve increased by 5% (p=0.001); the oxygen saturation remained unchanged (p=0.30); the oxygen pulse decreased by −1.9 mL/beat (p<0.001); the haemoglobin concentration decreased by 0.7 g/dL (p=0.001). The oxygen pulse was the strongest predictor for change in V̇O2peak; adjusted linear squared: r2=0.77. Six months after surgery, the V̇O2peak remained unchanged (−3±15%, p=0.27). The ppo V̇O2peak (mL/kg/min) was 18.6±5.4, and the actually measured V̇O2peak was 19.2±5.5 (p=0.24). However, the limits of agreement were large (CI −7.4 to 8.2). The segment method miscalculated the ppo V̇O2peak by more than ±10 and ±20% in 54% and 25% of the patients, respectively. Conclusions The reduction in V̇O2peak and lack of improvement 6 months after lung cancer surgery cannot be explained by the loss of functional lung tissue. Predicting postoperative V̇O2peak based on the amount of lung tissue removed is not recommendable due to poor precision. Trial registration number NCT01748981.
Investigating the hydrodynamic performance of a gross pollutant trap

Field studies show that the internal screens in a gross pollutant trap (GPT) are often clogged with organic matter, due to infrequent cleaning. The hydrodynamic performance of a GPT with fully blocked screens was comprehensively investigated under a typical range of onsite operating conditions. Using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), velocity profiles across three critical sections of the GPT were measured and integrated to examine the net fluid flow at each section. The data revealed that when the screens are fully blocked, the flow structure within the GPT radically changes. Consequently, the capture/retention performance of the device rapidly deteriorates. Good agreement was achieved between the experimental and the previous 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) velocity profiles for the lower GPT inlet flow conditions.
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting Can rating agencies look through the cycle ?

Rating agencies claim to look through the cycle when assigning corporate credit ratings, which entails that they are able to separate trend components of default risk from transitory ones. To test whether agencies possess this competence, I take market-based estimates of one-year default probabilities of corporate bond issuers and estimate their long-run trend using the Hodrick-Prescott filter, local regression, or centered moving averages. I find that ratings help identify the current split into trend and cycle. In addition, rating stability is similar to the one of hypothetical ratings based on long-term trends. The results are robust to the use of different filter techniques. They are confirmed by a model-free analysis, which shows that ratings predict future changes in market-based default probability estimates. Since the examined trends are forward-looking in the sense that the trend filtering algorithms use future data, agency ratings exhibit important characteristics one would expect from ratings that see through the cycle.
Effective Change Communication in the Workplace

The purpose of this study was to investigate effective change communication in the workplace by utilizing goal setting theory. Due to potential validity issues with previous organizational communication audit research, a multi-methods study was devised to investigate and construct a new measure for effective change communication in the workplace. Preliminary interviews along with previous research were utilized to construct a survey questionnaire gauging effective change communication in the workplace. Over 1,000 employees at a large, health-services companies participated in the study. The results from the study yield a framework for evaluating effective change communication on individual (i.e. behavior, trait, and knowledge) and organizational (i.e. accuracy, clarity, and availability) levels. Also, the data was divided between males and females, communication sources, and the perceptions of effective supervisory communication. The study’s practical implications, addition to goal setting theory, limitations, and future research are noted.
Reimagining Service-Learning: Deepening the Impact of This High-Impact Practice

Background: Service-learning has historically been seen as a high-impact practice that empowers undergraduates to develop essential learning outcomes. Most service-learning discussed within the literature occurs as a required element of a credit-bearing academic course. Purpose: This study explored what happens when service-learning is reimagined to be disconnected from a specific course and credit hours, and available via application to all undergraduates regardless of the liberal arts/science major or year in the college. Methodology/Approach: HyperRESEARCH was used to identify themes and categories from 45 sets of weekly reflections submitted by 36 participants engaged in reimagined service-learning projects across five semesters. Findings/Conclusions: Key findings reveal that not only do undergraduates develop essential learning outcomes as delineated in the existing literature, but in many cases, their understandings, and abilities to execute these skills, are deepened when service-learning is reimagined. Findings also reveal that undergraduates may experience service-learning differently depending upon year in college. Implications: Results from this study suggest that practitioners should investigate ways to reimagine service-learning, with specific emphasis placed on the differential ways college students at various stages in their undergraduate career experience, and learn from, service-learning.
An Examination and Interrogation of African American Males’ Racial Identity, Prosocial Behaviors and Aggression

Using multiple regression analysis and Pearson’s R, the current exploratory study of 89 African American male adolescents (M = 12.5 years old) examined relationships among REI (i.e., 20 as a socialization product of identity formation processes), prosocial behaviors (i.e., represented as supportive behavioral orientation in response to stress), and aggression (i.e., a reactive coping strategy). Significant relationships among racial public regard, age, and verbal aggression emerged. Older adolescents believed that other people have lower regard for their race, and this predicted an increase in verbal aggression. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding contextual factors when examining outcomes.
Flying primates? Megabats have the advanced pathway from eye to midbrain.

The pattern of connections between the retina and midbrain has been determined with electrophysiological and neuroanatomical methods in bats representing the two major subdivisions of the Chiroptera. Megachiropteran fruit bats (megabats), Pteropus spp. , were found to have an advanced retinotectal pathway with a vertical hemidecussation of the kind previously found only in primates. In contrast, the microchiropteran bat Macroderma gigas has the "ancestral" or symplesiomorphous pattern of retinotectal connections so far found in all vertebrates except primates. In addition to linking primates and megachiropteran bats, these findings suggest that flight may have evolved twice among the mammals.
A Computer-Games-Based AI Research Environment

To develop, test and experiment with new AI algorithms, researchers require an experimentation environment. This is even more necessary when we talk about developing agent and multiagent systems. Moreover, if doing performance comparisons of different algorithms is the goal, it is really important to put all those algorithms to work under the same environment conditions. At present, there is a great variety of environments developed to support AI researchers in their tasks. However, it is usual to find that these environments whether they have too specific aims or they perfom well just with some kind of algoritms. In addition, their tendence to be researcher-oriented prevent us from using them in other fields like education, diffusion or massive testing. In this paper we propose a new kind of multiagent research environment, based on a computer game called Screaming Racers, with which we try to surpass these difficulties. Our computer-games-based research environment is intended to be used simultaneously by researchers, students and general players, powering up research, education, diffusion and massive testing.