Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sucrose Transporter StSUT4 from Potato Affects Flowering, Tuberization, and Shade Avoidance Response1[W]

Sucrose (Suc) transporters belong to a large gene family. The physiological role of SUT1 proteins has been intensively investigated in higher plants, whereas that of SUT4 proteins is so far unknown. All three known Suc transporters from potato (Solanum tuberosum), SUT1, SUT2, and SUT4, are colocalized and their RNA levels not only follow a diurnal rhythm, but also oscillate in constant light. Here, we examined the physiological effects of transgenic potato plants on RNA interference (RNAi)-inactivated StSUT4 expression. The phenotype of StSUT4-RNAi plants includes early flowering, higher tuber production, and reduced sensitivity toward light enriched in far-red wavelength (i.e. in canopy shade). Inhibition of StSUT4 led to tuber production of the strict photoperiodic potato subsp. andigena even under noninductive long-day conditions. Accumulation of soluble sugars and Suc efflux from leaves of transgenic plants are modified in StSUT4-RNAi plants, leading to modified Suc levels in sink organs. StSUT4 expression of wild-type plants is induced by gibberellins and ethephon, and external supply of gibberellic acid leads to even more pronounced differences between wild-type and StSUT4-RNAi plants regarding tuber yield and internode elongation, indicating a reciprocal regulation of StSUT4 and gibberellins.
Pretreatment with Sodium Phenylbutyrate Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating DJ-1 Protein

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. DJ-1 is an endogenous antioxidant that attenuates oxidative stress and maintains mitochondrial function, likely acting as a protector of I/R injury. In the present study, we explored the protective effect of a possible DJ-1 agonist, sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), against I/R injury by protecting mitochondrial dysfunction via the upregulation of DJ-1 protein. Pretreatment with SPB upregulated the DJ-1 protein level and rescued the I/R injury-induced DJ-1 decrease about 50% both in vivo and in vitro. SPB also improved cellular viability and mitochondrial function and alleviated neuronal apoptosis both in cell and animal models; these effects of SPB were abolished by DJ-1 knockdown with siRNA. Furthermore, SPB improved the survival rate about 20% and neurological functions, as well as reduced about 50% of the infarct volume and brain edema, of middle cerebral artery occlusion mice 23 h after reperfusion. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that preconditioning of SPB possesses a neuroprotective effect against cerebral I/R injury by protecting mitochondrial function dependent on the DJ-1 upregulation, suggesting that DJ-1 is a potential therapeutic target for clinical ischemic stroke.
Masculinity

Two recent topics have entertained both popular and sociological interest. The trends toward blurring of sex roles and a perceived generation gap have been noted and commented on variously. That the former may bear some relationship to the latter has not yet been explored. On the other hand, there is increasing research interest in changing sex roles. I t could be argued that this interest was generated by continuing feminist efforts t o achieve status equality. Sex role inquiry is often focused on change in the female role (see Hochschild, 1973, for summary review of sex role research). Many of these studies revolve around redefinition of what traditionally has been considered feminine. Social roles, however, can be fully understood only within the context of the network of relationships of which they are a part. Thus, where change occurs in role expectation and behavior for women, it could be expected that some adaptive
Heart Transplantation in Mildly Diabetic Patients

From 1985 to 1989, 67 heart transplantations were performed in our hospital, 6 of them in non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic patients. Six pretransplantation type II diabetic male heart recipients (mean ± SD age 50.0 ± 7.3 yr) were compared with 61 nondiabetic recipients (mean age 44.5 ±11.0 yr; 55 men, 6 women) to define whether a different posttransplantation prognosis may be caused by pretransplantation diabetes. Before transplantation, all diabetic recipients (3 newly diagnosed and 3 with diabetes duration of 5, 6, and 12 yr, respectively) were in good glycemie control (mean fasting blood glucose 7.95 ± 1.62 mM, mean HbA1c 7.6 ± 0.2%). None had ocular or renal microangiopathic complications, 5 were treated only with diet, and 1 was treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. All recipients were treated with the same immunosuppressive protocol (cyclosporin, prednisone, and since 1986, azathioprine and antilymphocyte globulin), and mean dose and blood levels of cyclosporin were not significantly different between diabetic and nondiabetic recipients. After heart transplantation (mean follow-up 558 ± 340 days in diabetic and 379 ± 338 in nondiabetic recipients), the mortality rate and complications (i.e., rejection episodes, supplementary immunosuppressive treatments, major and minor infections, arterial hypertension, and graft atherosclerosis) showed no significant differences except for the more frequent arterial hypertension in diabetic recipients (P < 0.05), although pretransplantation incidence of hypertension was lower in diabetic candidates. Even during immunosuppressive treatment, including corticosteroids, diabetic recipients had good metabolic control (mean fasting blood glucose 6.32 ± 1.96 mM, mean HbA1c 5.3 ± 0.5% at the 6th mo). Three recipients were treated with insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic agents, and 1 recipient was treated with diet only. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine levels did not vary significantly between the two groups in posttransplantation follow-up. After heart transplantation, pretransplantation diabetic recipients in good metabolic control and without microangiopathic complications had the same prognosis in this series as nondiabetic recipients at this stage of follow-up.
Towards elucidating the connection between epithelial–mesenchymal transitions and stemness

Epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions have often been shown to behave as cancer stem cells, but the precise molecular connection remains elusive. At the genetic level, stemness is governed by LIN28/let-7 double inhibition switch, whereas EMT/MET is controlled by miR-200/ZEB double inhibition circuit and LIN28 is inhibited by miR-200, coupling the two modules. Here, using a specially devised theoretical framework to investigate the dynamics of the LIN28/let-7 system, we show that it can operate as a three-way switch (between low, high and intermediate LIN28 levels termed the D, U and hybrid D/U states) similar to the three-way operation of the miR-200/ZEB circuit that allows for the existence of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype. We find significant correspondence between the existence of the three states of the two circuits: E–D, M–U and E/M–D/U. Incorporating the activation of OCT4 by LIN28, we find that the hybrid E/M phenotype has high likelihood (when compared with either the E or M states) to gain stemness. Combining the LIN28/let-7 regulation by NF-κB and c-MYC, we find that NF-κB, but not c-MYC, elevates the likelihood of E/M phenotype to gain stemness. Our results are consistent with emerging concept that partial EMT can lead to stemness.
Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM‐V

Background: This review evaluates the DSM‐IV criteria of social anxiety disorder (SAD), with a focus on the generalized specifier and alternative specifiers, the considerable overlap between the DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for SAD and avoidant personality disorder, and developmental issues. Method: A literature review was conducted, using the validators provided by the DSM‐V Spectrum Study Group. This review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM‐V. Results/Conclusions: Little supporting evidence was found for the current specifier, generalized SAD. Rather, the symptoms of individuals with SAD appear to fall along a continuum of severity based on the number of fears. Available evidence suggested the utility of a specifier indicating a “predominantly performance” variety of SAD. A specifier based on “fear of showing anxiety symptoms” (e.g., blushing) was considered. However, a tendency to show anxiety symptoms is a core fear in SAD, similar to acting or appearing in a certain way. More research is needed before considering subtyping SAD based on core fears. SAD was found to be a valid diagnosis in children and adolescents. Selective mutism could be considered in part as a young child's avoidance response to social fears. Pervasive test anxiety may belong not only to SAD, but also to generalized anxiety disorder. The data are equivocal regarding whether to consider avoidant personality disorder simply a severe form of SAD. Secondary data analyses, field trials, and validity tests are needed to investigate the recommendations and options. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long-term recognition and recall following directed forgetting.

Two experiments investigated long-term retention subsequent to directed forgetting. In Experiment 1, both recognition and cued recall were better for categories given remember (R) instructions than for categories given forget (F) instructions. A constant advantage of R items over F items persisted from an immediate test to a 1-wk delayed test. In Experiment 2, recognition of R items exceeded that of F items at retention intervals of 1 and 2 wk, the superiority of R items over F items again being constant across retention intervals. Presence or absence of study-instruction cues at the time of test in Experiment 2 did not differentially affect performance. An explanation is offered relating the directed forgetting effect to selective rehearsal during initial processing of the items and to the presence of instruction information stored with the individual items.
From Digital Divide to Digital Inclusion and Beyond

This literature review examines how scholars approached issues around the digital divide and moves on to analyzing initiatives to use digital technology to decrease the inequalities that exist between groups of different socioeconomic backgrounds. The intention is to highlight some useful references that are relevant in addressing how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are used in different socioeconomic contexts. It presents references that follow several ideologies when approaching digital divide and digital inclusion. These ideologies go from providing physical access to a multifaceted approach of access that involves cognitive, economic, cultural and social factors, as well as differentiated uses of the internet.
What Does Vulnerability Mean

Accessible summary • Many people want to make sure that all people with intellectual disability are safe from harm. • This report shows that some staff find it hard to say why they feel people with intellectual disabilities need to be protected. • Sometimes care staff feel they can stop people with intellectual disabilities doing the things they want to because the staff are frightened those people may be harmed or hurt. Summary Protection of those deemed vulnerable has received increasing attention since 2000. This article reports on care staff views of vulnerability using original data from a research study (Parley. Vulnerability and abuse: an exploration of views of care staff working with people who have learning disabilities, PhD Thesis, 2007) in which care staff views relating to vulnerability and abuse of adults with learning disability were explored. Using semi-structured interview informants perspectives were explored. The results revealed that most informants felt that people with learning disabilities are all vulnerable and that this definition allows staff the authority to take protective measures to ensure their safety. This desire to introduce protective measures however may result in people with learning disabilities being denied the right to self-determination, thereby limiting their enjoyment of some life experiences and lessening the excitement of life that others take for granted.
Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology

Introduction to Research Methods in Clinical and Health Psychology - Lucy Yardley and David F Marks Getting Started - Nichola Rumsey and David F Marks The Practicalities of Doing Research Qualitative Data Collection - Sue Wilkinson, H[ac]el[gr]ene Joffe and Lucy Yardley Interviews and Focus Groups Content and Thematic Analysis - H[ac]el[gr]ene Joffe and Lucy Yardley Qualitative Analysis of Experience - Kerry Chamberlain, Paul Camic and Lucy Yardley Grounded Theory and Case Studies Qualitative Analysis of Talk and Text - Lucy Yardley and Michael Murray Discourse and Narrative Analysis Observation and Action Research - Claire Ballinger, Lucy Yardley and Sheila Payne Questionnaires and Surveys - David F Marks Analysis of Questionnaire and Survey Data - David Clark-Carter and David F Marks Intervention Studies - David Clark-Carter and David F Marks Design and Analysis Synthesising Evidence - David F Marks and Catherine Marie Sykes Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analysis and Preference Analysis
MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM LAYANAN BK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS

Salah satu upaya konselor dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa adalah melalui penerapan model problem based learning dalam kegiatan layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan s ingle subject design (SSD) model A-B-A’. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 8 siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 5 Banyuwangi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis pada aspek mengidentifikasi masalah ada 3 subyek yang mengalami peningkatan pada fase treatment dari rendah menjadi tinggi dan 5 subyek lainnya dari rendah menjadi sedang. Ketiga aspek kemampuan lainnya yaitu aspek kemampuan menganalisis masalah, aspek kemampuan mengevaluasi dan aspek kemampuan pengambilan keputusan menunjukkan peningkatan pada fase treatment dari rendah menjadi sedang. Hasil pengukuran skor total berpikir kritis menunjukkan peningkatan persentase rata-rata 18,6% dengan kecenderungan meningkat stabil. Hal ini berarti bahwa model problem based learning dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa.
Competence, Problem Behavior, and the Effects of Having No Friends, Aggressive Friends, or Nonaggressive Friends: A Four-Year Longitudinal Study

This study examined the longitudinal relations between competence (academic achievement and social preference) and problem behavior (loneliness and aggression) in 741 elementary school boys and girls in the Netherlands (Grades 1-5). Also, we examined the moderation effects of having no friends, aggressive friends, or nonaggressive friends on the associations between competence and problem behavior. Results revealed that competence was related to later problem behavior. Academic competence was related to lower levels of later loneliness, whereas social preference was related to both lower levels of loneliness and aggression over time. Vice versa, loneliness was not related to subsequent competence, whereas aggression was associated with later lower levels of social preference. Although group differences appeared on mean levels of competence and problem behavior, with children without friends being especially vulnerable to maladjustment, we found no moderation effects of friendship for associations between competence and problem behavior.
Perspectives: Adhesion receptors in bone

Revue de la litterature. Prescription de l'etat des connaissances sur les recepteurs (integrines et non integrines) des cellules osseuses, en particulier des osteoclastes. Role de ces recepteurs et de leurs ligands dans la regulation de la croissance et de l'activite de cellules osseuses. Discussion des centres d'interet devant faire preferentiellement l'objet des recherches futures.
Knowledge sharing and individual work performance: an empirical study of a public sector organisation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether individual-level knowledge sharing (in terms of attitudes, benefit estimations, self-efficacy and actualised behaviours) affects individual work performance. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses are tested through structural equation modelling of survey data collected from 595 members of a public organisation. Findings The findings confirm the hypothesis that knowledge-sharing propensity impacts positively on knowledge-sharing behaviour. Additionally, knowledge-sharing behaviour mediates the relationship between knowledge-sharing propensity and individual performance. The latter effect is also significant amongst the most highly educated members of the organisation but not among those with the lowest educational levels. Originality/value This paper provides insights into the knowledge-sharing–attitude–behaviour–work performance linkage. It thus addresses a relatively neglected area in knowledge management (KM) research, namely, that of individual knowledge behaviours and their performance impact, with an aim to better understand the micro-foundations of KM. It also contributes to knowledge on KM in the public sector.
Understanding the disaster-development continuum

Disasters are not simply 'natural' but shaped by human choices. These choices make some people - invariably women - more physically, socially and psychologically vulnerable than others. Anderson's article examines how disaster relief relates to long term development; how to work with poor people to move from short-term dependency to self-sufficiency. She shows why gender analysis is the optimum means to achieve fair and efficient development, by addressing causes rather than symptoms of natural disasters. The UN, donors, and NGOs need to appreciate this in the context of more disasters taking place, and fewer funds being available to respond to those disasters. This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.
Shoulder impingement syndrome in relation to shoulder intensive work.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the risk of shoulder impingement syndrome relative to shoulder intensive work. METHODS: A cross sectional study of a historical cohort of 1591 workers employed between 1986 and 1993 at a slaughterhouse or a chemical factory. Workers not doing tasks in slaughtering or meat processing constituted the reference group. Intensity of shoulder work in meat processing tasks was assessed by video based observations. Information on shoulder disorders was collected by questionnaire and by physical examinations. Impingement syndrome was diagnosed when shoulder symptoms had been present for at least 3 months during the past year and there were signs of subacromial impingement in the corresponding shoulder at physical examination. Shoulder function was assessed at the same occasion with the Constant scoring technique. Prevalence of shoulder impingement syndrome was analysed according to job title and cumulative exposure. RESULTS: Prevalence ratio for shoulder impingement syndrome was 5.27 (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.09 to 12.26) among currently working and 7.90 (95% CI, 2.94 to 21.18) among former slaughterhouse workers. Transformed model based prevalence ratios according to years in slaughterhouse work showed an overall association between cumulative exposure and risk for shoulder impingement syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that shoulder intensive work is a risk factor for impingement syndrome of the shoulder. Despite the historical cohort design healthy worker selection may have influenced the exposure-response relation found.
Energetic Effects of Pre-hatch Albumen Removal on Embryonic Development and Early Ontogeny in Gallus gallus

Studies on the yolk and albumen content in bird eggs, and the effects of variations in their relative loads in the phenotype of the birds, have revealed multiple consequences at different levels of biological organization, from biochemical traits to behavior. However, little is known about the effect of albumen variation on energetics performance during development and early ontogeny, despite the fact that variation in energy expenditure may have consequences in terms of fitness for both feral and domestic species. In this work, we evaluated experimentally whether variations in the content of albumen of Gallus gallus eggs could generate differences in metabolic rates during embryonic development. Additionally, we assessed changes in the activity of mitochondrial enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase) in skeletal muscles and liver. Finally, we evaluated the success of hatching of these embryos and their metabolic rates (MR) post-hatching. The results revealed a significant reduction in MR in the last fifth of embryonic life, and reduced catabolic activities in the skeletal muscle of chicks hatched from albumen-removed eggs. However, the same group demonstrated an increase in catabolic activity in the liver, suggesting the existence of changes in energy allocation between tissues. Besides, we found a decrease in hatching success in the albumen-removed group, suggesting a negative effect of the lower albumen content on eggs, possibly due to lower catabolic activities in skeletal muscle. We also found a compensatory phenomenon in the first week after hatching, i.e., birds from albumen-removed eggs did not show a decrease in MR either at thermoneutral temperatures or at 10°C, compared to the control group. Collectively, our data suggest that a reduction in albumen may generate a trade-off between tissue metabolic activities, and may explain the differences in metabolic rates and hatching success, supporting the immediate adaptive response (IAR) hypothesis.
Cardiac vagal regulation to emotional challenge differentiates among child behavior problem subtypes.

A sample of 335 five-year-old children participating in an ongoing longitudinal study was the focus of a study on the effects of emotional and behavioral challenge on cardiac activity in children with different patterns of early childhood behavior problems. The children were placed in one of three behavior problem groups (low behavior problems, risk for externalizing problems, risk for mixed externalizing/internalizing problems) based on their scores on the Child Behavior Checklist for 4–18-year-olds [Achenbach, T.M. , 1991. Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR & TRF profiles. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT], completed by their mothers. To assess cardiac vagal regulation, resting measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and RSA change (vagal withdrawal) to five emotionally and behaviorally challenging tasks were derived. In addition, heart period (HP) and heart period change (HR acceleration) was examined. Results indicated that the behavior problem groups did not differ in terms of resting measures of either RSA or HP. Analyses of the challenge tasks indicated that the children at risk for mixed problems displayed greater cardiac vagal withdrawal across the five tasks than did the other two groups of children. There was a trend for the children at risk for externalizing problems to display less vagal withdrawal than the control group. In addition, the children at risk for mixed problems displayed greater heart rate acceleration to the tasks than did the other two groups of children. Follow-up analyses indicated that the greater cardiac acceleration observed in the mixed group was largely a function of greater vagal withdrawal. These findings are discussed in terms of the emotion regulatory function of cardiac vagal regulation, and its implications for patterns of risk for behavior problems in young children.