Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letters of Intent: Election Campaigning and Orchestrated Public Debate in Local Newspapers' Letters to the Editor

Drawing on the findings of an extensive study of local and regional newspaper reporting of the 2001 UK general election, this article contests the widely held view that readers' letters' pages provide a public forum for discussion and debate initiated by readers. The article argues that during election campaigns, local parties may become highly influential in shaping the contents of letters pages as part of their broader media based campaigning strategy. For their part, editors select letters not simply according to their newsworthiness but to reflect the identity of the newspaper, to meet the perceived preferences of readers, as well as the more prosaic requirements of availability of space and editorial imperatives concerning balance. A fivefold typology of readers' letters is constructed and illustrated by reference to newspaper discussions of, among other matters, British membership of Europe and issues around taxation.
A cross‐cultural comparison of colour emotion for two‐colour combinations

Psychophysical experiments were conducted in the UK, Taiwan, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Argentina, and Iran to assess colour emotion for two-colour combinations using semantic scales warm/cool, heavy/light, active/passive, and like/dislike. A total of 223 observers participated, each presented with 190 colour pairs as the stimuli, shown individually on a cathode ray tube display. The results show consistent responses across cultures only for warm/cool, heavy/light, and active/passive. The like/dislike scale, however, showed some differences between the observer groups, in particular between the Argentinian responses and those obtained from the other observers. Factor analysis reveals that the Argentinian observers preferred passive colour pairs to active ones more than the other observers. In addition to the cultural difference in like/dislike, the experimental results show some effects of gender, professional background (design vs. nondesign), and age. Female observers were found to prefer colour pairs with high-lightness or low-chroma values more than their male counterparts. Observers with a design background liked low-chroma colour pairs or those containing colours of similar hue more than nondesign observers. Older observers liked colour pairs with high-lightness or high-chroma values more than young observers did. Based on the findings, a two-level theory of colour emotion is proposed, in which warm/cool, heavy/light, and active/passive are identified as the reactive-level responses and like/dislike the reflective-level response.
A Structural Model of Attitudes Towards School Subjects, Academic Aspiration and Achievement

The aims of this study were to test the structure of attitudes to school subjects and to test the causal relationship between attitudes, level of aspiration (goal) and achievement with SEM procedures. A total of 280 high school students participated in the study. Items measuring attitude towards each subject matter clustered around one factor indicating that each school subject is unique, but related, to other subjects. These distinct, but related, factors seemed to be underlined by a higher-order construct: 'attitudes to school'. The structural analysis revealed that 'attitudes to school' influence achievement, but only indirectly. Level of aspiration had significant direct effect on achievement and mediated between 'attitudes' and achievement.
Exploring psychotherapy clients’ independent strategies for change while in therapy

ABSTRACT Psychotherapy research usually describes how client change is caused by therapist interventions. This article describes how clients change by continuing to use and revising the strategies for change that they bring with them when they first enter therapy. This article presents data from a qualitative diary study of psychotherapy. Three cases describing three different client strategies for change are presented. The interplay between the clients’ strategies for change and the therapist's response is analysed. The article describes how a strategy may be rejected, or maintained and redirected. The study suggests that clients’ independent strategies for change may be a significant factor with regard to therapeutic processes and outcomes
Feasibility of a provincial voluntary reporting system for work-related asthma in Ontario.

OBJECTIVE The Ontario Work-Related Asthma Surveillance System: Physician Reporting (OWRAS) Network was established in 2007 to estimate the prevalence of work-related asthma (WRA) in Ontario, and to test the feasibility of collecting data for cases of WRA from physicians voluntarily. METHODS More than 300 respirologists, occupational medicine physicians, allergists and primary care providers in Ontario were invited to participate in monthly reporting of WRA cases by telephone, postal service or e-mail. RESULTS Since 2007, 49 physicians have registered with the OWRAS Network and, to date, have reported 34 cases of occupational asthma and 49 cases of work-exacerbated asthma. Highly reactive chemicals were the most frequently reported suspected causative agent of the 108 suspected exposures reported. CONCLUSION Despite the challenge of enlisting a representative sample of physicians in Ontario willing to report, the OWRAS Network has shown that it is feasible to implement a voluntary reporting system for WRA; however, its long-term sustainability is currently unknown.
Korean Adoptees and the Social Context of Ethnic Exploration1

In this article, the authors examine ethnic identity development among Korean adoptees and the ways they explore their ethnicity in early adulthood. They argue that social context plays an important role in mediating whether and how adoptees pursue ethnic exploration. Employing a grounded theory analysis of a uniquely representative sample of Korean adoptees, they find that historical period and institutional setting shape the availability, content, and experience of exploration. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for research on racial stratification, ethnic assimilation, ethnic identity, and transracial adoptees.
Extracellular K+ and Opening of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Activate T Cell Integrin Function

Elevated extracellular K+ ([K+]o), in the absence of “classical” immunological stimulatory signals, was found to itself be a sufficient stimulus to activate T cell β1 integrin moieties, and to induce integrin-mediated adhesion and migration. Gating of T cell voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv1.3) appears to be the crucial “decision-making” step, through which various physiological factors, including elevated [K+]o levels, affect the T cell β1 integrin function: opening of the channel leads to function, whereas its blockage prevents it. In support of this notion, we found that the proadhesive effects of the chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein 1β, the neuropeptide calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), as well as elevated [K+]o levels, are blocked by specific Kv1.3 channel blockers, and that the unique physiological ability of substance P to inhibit T cell adhesion correlates with Kv1.3 inhibition. Interestingly, the Kv1.3 channels and the β1 integrins coimmunoprecipitate, suggesting that their physical association underlies their functional cooperation on the T cell surface. This study shows that T cells can be activated and driven to integrin function by a pathway that does not involve any of its specific receptors (i.e., by elevated [K+]o). In addition, our results suggest that undesired T cell integrin function in a series of pathological conditions can be arrested by molecules that block the Kv1.3 channels.
A Pilot Study: Impacting First Grade Written Literacy Through Teacher Education

Purpose. The efficacy of occupational therapy and the need for evidence-based practice have become of importance to school-based occupational therapy practitioners. This action research study was designed to describe the degree to which teachers felt occupational therapy consultation services and workshops impacted teaching practices and student skill acquisition in the area of handwriting in a large school district. Method. Two hundred and seventy first grade teachers completed a self-report questionnaire. This study described first grade teachers' perceptions of their role in handwriting instruction and student written literacy skills following workshop attendance and or classroom consultation with an occupational therapist. Teachers' perceived needs to teach handwriting were analyzed. Results. The data indicated that teachers considered workshop attendance and classroom consultations to be positively associated with improved teacher knowledge and skills. Teachers indicated that student progress in regard to penmanship was positively impacted by the teachers' workshop attendance and or occupational therapy consultation. Conclusion. Penmanship is an important activity and is an integral component of students' occupation. Elementary school children spend 31% to 60% of their class time in all types of fine-motor tasks (McHale and Cermak, 1992). The role of school-based occupational therapy practitioners has expanded as public schools look to occupational therapists to include provision of services to traditional education students. By providing workshops and consulting with classroom teachers, occupational therapists can efficiently and effectively help first grade teachers improve their written literacy knowledge and skills in the area of penmanship, thus impacting student outcomes. A questionnaire is a viable method for documenting teacher perceptions of occupational therapy services.
Assessing the Learning Processes of Mexican and Euro-American Students

Analysis of the responses of 221 Mexican American and 473 Euro-American secondary school students to the Learning Process Questionnaire of Biggs showed that responses of both groups were of moderate reliability and supported the scale's within- and between-construct validity. However, the means indicated the presence of a response set which raises questions about the validity of cross-cultural comparisons of scores with these ethnic groups.
Non-periodic homogenization of the elastic wave equation for wave propagations in complex media

When considering numerical acoustic or elastic wave propagation in media containing small heterogeneities with respect to the minimum wavelength of the wavefield, being able to upscale physical properties (or homogenize them) is valuable, for mainly two reasons: first, replacing the original discontinuous and very heterogeneous media by a smooth and more simple one, is a judicious alternative to the necessary fine and difficult meshing of the original media required by many wave equation solvers; second, it helps to understand what properties of a medium are really “seen” by the wavefield propagating through it, which is an important aspect in an inverse problem approach. We present here a solution to solve this up-scaling problem for non-periodic complex media with rapid variations in all directions based an a non-periodic homogenization procedure. We first present a pedagogical introduction to non-periodic homogenization in 1-D, allowing to find the effective wave equation and effective physical properties of the wave equation in a highly heterogeneous medium. It can be extended from 1D to a higher space dimension and a special care of boundary conditions is required. This development can be seen as an extension of the classical two-scale periodic homogenization theory applied to the wave equation for non-periodic media. To validate this development, we then present two examples of wave propagation in 2D complex elastic models: a geometrically square model with random heterogeneities, and the Marmousi2 model. A reference solution is computed with the Spectral Element Method with meshes honoring all interfaces. Furthermore, we compare the results obtained in the homogenized model and in a low-pass filtered model with respect to the reference solution.
Domain-dependent Function of the rasGAP-binding Protein p62Dok in Cell Signaling*

p62Dok, the rasGAP-binding protein, is a common target of protein-tyrosine kinases. It is one of the major tyrosine-phosphorylated molecules in v-Src-transformed cells. Dok consists of an amino-terminal Pleckstrin homology domain, a putative phosphotyrosine binding domain, and a carboxyl-terminal tail containing multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The importance and function of these sequences in Dok signaling remain largely unknown. We have demonstrated here that the expression of Dok can inhibit cellular transformation by the Src tyrosine kinase. Both the phosphotyrosine binding domain and the carboxyl-terminal tail of Dok (in particular residues 336–363) are necessary for such activity. Using a combinatorial peptide library approach, we have shown that the Dok phosphotyrosine binding domain binds phosphopeptides with the consensus motif of Y/MXXNXL-phosphotyrosine. Furthermore, Dok can homodimerize through its phosphotyrosine binding domain and Tyr146 at the amino-terminal region. Mutations of this domain or Tyr146 that block homodimerization significantly reduce the ability of Dok to inhibit Src transformation. Our results suggest that Dok oligomerization through its multiple domains plays a critical role in Dok signaling in response to tyrosine kinase activation.
AKR1B10 is Associated with Smoking and Smoking-Related Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

This prospective study explored the relationship between expression of AKR1B10 mRNA and various clinical parameters in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of its validation as a marker for NSCLC. Tumour tissue samples were collected from 229 patients with NSCLC. Tissue samples from adjacent non-malignant lung tissue (> 5 cm from the tumour) of 89 of these patients and samples from 20 patients with benign lung disease were used as controls. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction showed significantly higher levels of AKR1B10 mRNA expression in NSCLC tumour tissue than in adjacent non-malignant lung tissue and benign lung tissue. Statistically significant factors for AKR1B10 mRNA over-expression were found to be male gender, smoking, squamous cell carcinoma and moderate or poor cell differentiation. It is concluded that AKR1B10 seems to have potential as a prognostic marker for NSCLC and warrants further investigation.
Effect of egg storage length on hatchability and weight loss in incubation of egg and meat type Japanese quails

The quail raising in Brazil has increased through the last years and the incubation procedures are important to maintenance and improvement of quail egg production. To obtain a sufficient number of eggs to fill an incubator, eggs are usually accumulated in storage over a period from 1 day up to 3 weeks before incubation. The objective of this research was to verify the effect of egg storage on hatchability and egg weight loss for two lineages of Japanese quails. Sixty four Japanese quails were divided in two groups: G1 (n=32) for meat production and G2 (n=32) for egg production. They were used for serial egg collections that were performed every day, during 15 consecutively days, totaling 600 eggs. After collection they were placed in refrigerated room (20°C and 60% of relative humidity) and submitted to different periods of storage, from 0 day until 14 days, according to their collection day. The incubation occurred at 37.6°C and 60% RH. The weight measurements were done during storage, incubation and hatching. The results showed that for Meat type and Egg type quails, the egg hatchability was around 84% until 10 days of storage, and then this rate decreased significantly. Both types of quail eggs presented similar weight loss during storage and incubation. The research showed that quail eggs present great hatchability until 10 days of storage and that eggs submitted to storage present a reduced weight loss during incubation.
Habitus and social class: a case study on socialisation into sports and exercise

According to Bourdieu, habitus is an important, and class-specific, foundation for behaviour. However, he hardly explained how the habitus is acquired. Based on Bernstein's elaboration on the various contexts in which group-specific behavioural principles are acquired, this article demonstrates how young children of two divergent social classes obtain their habitus underlying their sports and exercise behaviour. Although children in both groups acquire a habitus in which sports and exercise play a role, there are striking differences which arise largely out of differences in the impact of socialising agents. Within the higher social class, there is a clearly defined group, namely the nuclear family, which explicitly controls and regulates the children's exercise behaviour. These children learn specific skills at specific places. In the lower social class, the habitus is influenced by the extended family, the physical education teacher and peers, resulting in a broad range of less strictly ordered activities, undertaken at different places. These findings offer a valuable contribution to insight into class-specific socialisation processes, resulting in the acquisition of a specific habitus.
Parent Teacher Education Connection: Preparing Preservice Teachers for Family Engagement

This article describes the Parent Teacher Education Curriculum, a Web-based curriculum focused on instructing teachers about best practices in family involvement and assesses its impact on the knowledge and attitudes of preservice teachers related to family involvement. Pre- and post-measures of preservice teacher candidate knowledge of and attitude toward parent involvement were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and paired-samples t-tests. Findings revealed a significant multivariate main effect for the time of knowledge assessment administration (pre vs. post): Wilks' λ = . 613, F(6, 449) = 47.308, p < . 001, partial eta squared = . 387. This suggested that overall Knowledge increased significantly from pre- to post-administration. In addition, multivariate analysis for the time of attitude assessment administration (pre vs. post) was Wilks' λ = . 982, F(3, 1548) = 9.65, p <. 001, partial eta squared = . 018. This suggested that overall Attitude increased significantly from pre- to post-administration.
Neodymium-Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser Capsulotomy Energy Levels for Posterior Capsule Opacification

Purpose: To study factors affecting laser energy levels required for neodymium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy and to evaluate whether any correlation exists between applied laser energy levels and complications. Methods: The present study examined 474 consecutive patients for a number of factors including age, type of posterior capsule opacification (PCO), material and fixation of intraocular lens (IOL) and complication rates, versus energy levels used for Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. Results: Mean patient age was 55.6 ± 8.7 years and mean follow up period was 22.9 ± 4.5 months. IOL biomaterial (KW ANOVA; P = 0.173) and patient's age (P = 0.246) did not significantly influence total laser energy requirement for capsulotomy. However, total laser energy levels were significantly higher (KW ANOVA; P < 0.001) with fibro-membranous and fibrous subtypes of PCO. Complications such as IOL pitting, intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, uveitis, retinal detachment (RD) and cystoid macular edema (CME) were significantly more common when higher energy levels was used. The mean total energy in patients with RD was 77.7 ± 17.7 mJ as compared to 43.4 ± 26.9 mJ in the rest of the cohort. RD was more common in patients with higher axial length [n = 7 (63%)] (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Type of PCO significantly influenced laser energy levels required for capsulotomy, whereas IOL biomaterial and fixation did not. Complications such as IOL pitting, uveitis, IOP elevation, RD and CME was significantly more common when total laser energy was higher. It is recommended that the lowest possible single pulse laser energy be used for capsulotomy to minimize complications.
Cytoplasmic cAMP-sensing domain of hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channels uses two structurally distinct mechanisms to regulate voltage gating

Voltage gating of hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channels is potentiated by direct binding of cAMP to a cytoplasmic cAMP-sensing domain (CSD). When unliganded, the CSD inhibits hyperpolarization-dependent opening of the HCN channel gate; cAMP binding relieves this autoinhibition so that opening becomes more favorable thermodynamically. This autoinhibition-relief mechanism is conserved with that of several other cyclic nucleotide receptors using the same ligand-binding fold. Besides its thermodynamic effect, cAMP also modulates the depolarization-dependent deactivation rate by kinetically trapping channels in an open state. Here we report studies of strong open-state trapping in an HCN channel showing that the well-established autoinhibition-relief model is insufficient. Whereas deletion of the CSD mimics the thermodynamic open-state stabilization usually associated with cAMP binding, CSD deletion removes rather than mimics the kinetic effect of strong open-state trapping. Substitution of different CSD sequences leads to variation of the degree of open-state trapping in the liganded channel but not in the unliganded channel. CSD-dependent open-state trapping is observed during a voltage-dependent deactivation pathway, specific to the secondary open state that is formed by mode shift after prolonged hyperpolarization activation. This hysteretic activation–deactivation cycle is preserved by CSD substitution, but the change in deactivation kinetics of the liganded channel resulting from CSD substitution is not correlated with the change in autoinhibition properties. Thus the liganded and the unliganded forms of the CSD respectively provide the structural determinants for open-state trapping and autoinhibition, such that two distinct mechanisms for cAMP regulation can operate in one receptor.
The Contested Classroom Space: A Decade of Lived Educational Policy in Texas Schools

In this article, examples excerpted from research studies conducted in Houston, Texas, the fourth largest city in the United States, are used to demonstrate how the discretionary classroom space where teachers and students actively live curriculum—guided, though, not controlled, by official documents and administrative oversight—has become increasingly disputed. Through meta-level narrative analysis, excerpts from several accounts that elucidate different manifestations of the contested classroom space in multiple school contexts are woven together. In the process, the ways that teachers, principals, parents, professors, consultants, district personnel, the media, researchers, and students contributed to the contentious environment are explicated. Also, versions of curriculum and instruction that increased the contestation are named. As a result, changes that teachers and students lived in classrooms from 1997 to 2007, the decade when educational policy making in Texas served as the prototype for the U.S. No Child Left Behind Act, are characterized.
Academic Goals and Emotions: A Test of Two Models

Abstract Motivational goal orientations were postulated to be forms of defensive mechanisms and to be associated with specific emotions. Structural equation models were tested to determine whether emotions could be predicted from motivational goal orientation or whether motivational goal orientation would be predicted from emotions. Seventy-nine fifth-grade students responded to a self-report motivation questionnaire. Results supported the model in which emotions were predictive of goal orientation but not the model in which goal orientation was predictive of emotions. Parameter estimates suggest that certain emotions are closely associated with certain goal orientations.