Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Scale Optical Imaging of the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reaction Attenuated by Rapamycin

Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages (MMs) play important roles in the development of cell-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). However, the dynamics of neutrophils and MMs during the DTH reaction and how the immunosuppressant rapamycin modulates their behavior in vivo are rarely reported. Here, we take advantage of multi-scale optical imaging techniques and a footpad DTH reaction model to non-invasively investigate the dynamic behavior and properties of immune cells from the whole field of the footpad to the cellular level. During the classic elicitation phase of the DTH reaction, both neutrophils and MMs obviously accumulated at inflammatory foci at 24 h post-challenge. Rapamycin treatment resulted in advanced neutrophil recruitment and vascular hyperpermeability at an early stage (4 h), the reduced accumulation of neutrophils (> 50% inhibition ratio) at 48 h, and the delayed involvement of MMs in inflammatory foci. The motility parameters of immune cells in the rapamycin-treated reaction at 4 h post-challenge displayed similar mean velocities, arrest durations, mean displacements, and confinements as the classic DTH reaction at 24 h. These results indicate that rapamycin treatment shortened the initial preparation stage of the DTH reaction and attenuated its intensity, which may be due to the involvement of T helper type 2 cells or regulatory T cells.
Multiple-Depot Integrated Vehicle and Crew Scheduling

textabstractThis paper presents two different models and algorithms for integrated vehicle and crew scheduling in the multiple-depot case. The algorithms are both based on a combination of column generation and Lagrangian relaxation. Furthermore, we compare those integrated approaches with each other and with the traditional sequential one on random generated as well as real-world data instances for a suburban/extra-urban mass transit system. To simulate such a transit system, we propose a new way of generating randomly data instances such that their properties are the same as for our real-world instances.
PENGARUH SIKAP DAN NORMA SUBYEKTIFTERHADAP INTENSI PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPILUNTUK MENGADUKAN PELANGGARAN(WHISTLEBLOWING)

This study aims to predict: (a) the factors that influence civil servants to whistleblow the fraud, and (b) the effect of government’s bureaucracy reform program to civil servants’ intention to whistleblow the fraud. This study is based on the theory of reasoned action which research variables are subjective norms, attitudes, and whistleblowing intentions. This study uses primary data or questionnaires to gather the required information. This study uses 293 sample respondents. Respondents are civil servants in the ministries/agencies that have and have not implemented bureaucratic reforms. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques Partial Least Square with software SmartPLS 2.0 then combined with two test-independent-samples ttest. The results of this study indicate that subjective norm have positive effect on attitudes and intentions. But, the attitude have no significant effect on whistleblowing intentions. In addition of study, found there are no significant difference on subjective norms, attitudes, and intentions whistleblowing among civil servants in ministries/agencies that have implemented bureaucratic reforms to civil servants in ministries/agencies that have not implement bureaucratic reforms.
Wages Are Flexible, Aren’t They? Evidence from Monthly Micro Wage Data

his paper assesses the degree of wage flexibility in Luxembourg using an administrative data set on individual base wages covering the entire economy over the period 2001? 2006 with monthly frequency. We find that the wage flexibility at the discretion of the firm is rather low once we limit measurement error and remove wage changes due to institutional factors (indexation, changes in statutory minimum wage, age and marital status). The so adjusted frequency of wage change lies between 5% and 7%. On average, wages change less often than consumer prices. In addition, less than one percent of (nominal) wages are cut both from month to month and from year to year. Given full automatic indexation of wages covering vast majority of employees in Luxembourg, wages appear to be subject to substantial downward real wage rigidity. Finally, wage changes tend to be highly synchronised as they are concentrated around the events of wage indexation and the month of January.
BOUNDARY-INTEGRAL CALCULATIONS OF 2D EM SCATTERING IN INFINITE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL SLABS: CHANNEL DEFECTS AND RESONANCES

We compute the transmission of two-dimensional electromagnetic waves through a square lattice of lossless dielectric rods with a channel defect. The lattice is finite in the direction of propagation of the incident wave and periodic in a transverse direction. We revisit a boundaryintegral formulation of 2D electromagnetic scattering (Venakides, Haider, Papanicolaou, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 2000) that is Fredholm of the first kind and develop a second-kind formulation. We refine the numerical implementation in the above paper by exploiting separability in the Green’s function to evaluate the far-field influence more efficiently. The resulting cost savings in computing and solving the discretized linear system leads to an accelerated method. We use it to analyze E-polarized electromagnetic scattering of normally incident waves on a structure with a periodic channel defect. We find three categories of resonances: waveguide modes in the channel, highamplitude fields in the crystal at frequencies near the edge of the frequency bandgap, and very high-amplitude standing fields at frequencies in a transmission band that are normal to the direction of the incident wave. These features are captured essentially identically with first-kind formulation as with the second-kind.
Family Income Affects Children’s Altruistic Behavior in the Dictator Game

This study aimed to examine how family income and social distance influence young rural Chinese children’s altruistic behavior in the dictator game (DG). A total of 469 four-year-old children from eight rural areas in China, including many children left behind by parents who had migrated to urban areas for work, played the DG. Stickers comprised the resource, while recipients in the game were assumed to be either their friends or strangers, with the social distance (i.e., strangers compared to friends) as a between-subjects variable. Children donated significantly more stickers to their friends than to strangers. Moreover, children from lower income families donated more stickers than children from higher income families. However, no gender and parental migrant status differences in children’s prosocial behaviors were evident in this sample. Findings of this study suggest that children’s altruistic behaviours to peers are influenced by family characteristics since preschool age. The probable influence of local socialization practices on development and the possible adaptive significance were discussed.
Iron loading and large doses of intravenous ascorbic acid promote lipid peroxidation in whole serum in guinea pigs

Large doses of ascorbic acid may mobilise Fe from Fe-binding proteins in vivo which in turn could catalyse lipid peroxidation, a process associated with degenerative diseases. This hypothesis was tested in vitro in the serum of Fe-loaded animals. Eighteen male guinea pigs weighing about 500 g on arrival were allocated to two groups of nine. Fe loading was induced in one group by two intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg iron dextran given on days 1 and 5. Blood (6 ml) was drawn from all animals on day 12 by cardiac puncture. Serum and LDL were separated. Serum was tested for loosely-bound Fe (bleomycin assay) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay) and LDL for susceptibility to in vitro oxidation (TBARS and conjugated diene assays). On day 12, another intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg iron dextran was given to the animals in the Fe-loaded group. On day 19, all animals were given 75 mg ascorbic acid by intraperitoneal injection. Blood (6 ml) was drawn 4 h later by cardiac puncture. Serum and LDL assays were repeated. Ascorbic acid increased loosely-bound Fe and in vitro oxidation in the serum from animals of the Fe-loaded group but not in the serum from animals of the control group. Susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation increased after the ascorbic acid injection in the control group but there was no further increase in the Fe-loaded group. These data suggest that large doses of ascorbic acid promote Fe mobilisation and in vitro oxidation in the serum of Fe-loaded animals.
Prediction of Coulomb blockade in arbitrary environments

In contrast to the physical orthodox theory of single-electronics, a circuit theoretical description for single-electron tunneling junctions can be developed. Based on the impulse circuit model for the tunnel junction and a tunnel condition based on the extended hot-electron model, Coulomb blockade and Coulomb oscillations in both high ohmic and low ohmic environment are predicted.
The Nature of Compact Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. II. Spectroscopic Properties and Implications for the Evolution of the Star Formation Rate Density of the Universe

We present a spectroscopic study of 51 compact field galaxies with redshifts z < 1.4 and apparent magnitudes I814 < 23.74 in the flanking fields of the Hubble Deep Field. These galaxies are compact in the sense that they have small apparent half-light radii (r1/2 ≤ 0.″5) and high surface brightnesses (μI814 ≤ 22.2 mag arcsec-2). The spectra, taken at the Keck telescope, show emission lines in 88% of our sample, and only absorption lines in the remaining 12%. Emission-line profiles are roughly Gaussian with velocity widths that range from the measurement limit of σ ~ 35 km s-1 to 150 km s-1. Rest frame [O II] λ3727 equivalent widths range from 5 to 94 Å, yielding star formation rates (SFRs) of ~0.1 to 14 M☉ yr-1. The analysis of various line diagnostic diagrams reveals that ~60% of compact emission-line galaxies have velocity widths, excitations, Hβ luminosities, SFRs, and mass-to-light ratios characteristic of young star-forming H II galaxies. The remaining 40% form a more heterogeneous class of evolved starbursts, similar to local starburst disk galaxies. We find that, although the compact galaxies at z > 0.7 have similar SFRs per unit mass to those at z < 0.7, they are on average ~10 times more massive. Our sample implies a lower limit for the global comoving SFR density of ~0.004 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3 at z = 0.55, and ~0.008 M☉ yr-1 Mpc-3 at z = 0.85 (assuming Salpeter IMF, H0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1, and q0 = 0.5). These values, when compared to estimates for a sample of local compact galaxies selected in a similar fashion, support a history of the universe in which the SFR density declines by a factor ~10 from z = 1 to today. From the comparison with the SFR densities derived for magnitude-limited samples of field galaxies, we conclude that compact emission-line galaxies, though only ~20% of the general field population, may contribute as much as ~45% to the global SFR of the universe at 0.4 < z < 1.
Discontinuous finite element methods for a bi-wave equation modeling d-wave superconductors

This paper concerns discontinuous nite element approximations of a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplied Ginzburg-Landau- type model for d-wave superconductors in the absence of an applied magnetic eld. In the rst half of the paper, we construct a variant of the Morley nite element method, which was originally developed for approximating the fourth- order biharmonic equation, for the bi-wave equation. It is proved that, unlike the biharmonic equation, it is necessary to impose a mesh constraint and to include certain penalty terms in the method to guarantee convergence. Nearly optimal order (o by a factor j lnhj) error estimates in the energy norm and in the H 1 -norm are established for the proposed Morley-type nonconforming method. In the second half of the paper, we develop a symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method for the bi-wave equation using general meshes and prove optimal order error estimates in the energy norm. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to gauge the eciency of the proposed methods and to validate the theoretical error bounds.
Revenue Management for Intermodal Transportation: The Role of Dynamic Forecasting

We study a joint capacity leasing and demand acceptance problem in intermodal transportation. The model features multiple sources of evolving supply and demand, and endogenizes the interplay of three levers—forecasting, leasing, and demand acceptance. We characterize the optimal policy, and show how dynamic forecasting coordinates leasing and acceptance. We find (i) the value of dynamic forecasting depends critically on scarcity, stochasticity, and volatility; (ii) traditional mean‐value equivalence approach performs poorly in volatile intermodal context; (iii) mean‐value‐based forecast may outperform stationary distribution‐based forecast. Our work enriches revenue management models and applications. It advances our understanding on when and how to use dynamic forecasting in intermodal revenue management.
Outage Probability Study of Multiuser Diversity in MIMO Transmit Antenna Selection Systems

This letter develops a framework to analyze the multiuser diversity (MUD) gain in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmit antenna selection with a maximal-ratio combining (TAS/MRC) system, through which the transmitter selects the optimal antenna out of the total transmit antennas based on the channel state information (CSI) feedbacks. Over a flat-fading Rayleigh channel, a tight analytical closed-form expression of the MUD gain in terms of outage probability is derived. The analytical results show that 1) the MUD system can achieve an order of diversity equal to the product of the number of users, number of transmit antenna, and number of receive antennas; 2) users can be viewed as equivalent "virtual" transmit antennas, and the number of users has a great impact on the system outage probability
A Simple Theory of Advertising as a Good

Our analysis treats advertisements and the goods advertised as complements in stable metautility functions, and generates new results for advertising by building on and extending the general analysis of complements. By assimilating the theory of advertising into the theory of complements, we avoid the special approaches to advertising found in many studies that place obstacles in the way of understanding the effects of advertising. We also use this approach to evaluate advertising from a welfare perspective. Whether there is excessive or too little advertising depends on several variables: the effects on consumer utility, the degree of competition in the market for advertised goods, the induced changes in prices and outputs of advertised goods, and whether advertising is sold to consumers.
Pricing and Portfolio Optimization Analysis in Defaultable Regime-Switching Markets

We analyze pricing and portfolio optimization problems in defaultable regime switching markets driven by a underlying continuous-time Markov process. We contribute to both of these problems by obtaining new representations of option prices and optimal portfolio strategies under regime-switching. Using our option price representation, we develop a novel efficient method to price claims which may depend on the full path of the underlying Markov chain. This is done via a change of probability measure and a short-time asymptotic expansion of the claim’ s price in terms of the Laplace transforms of the symmetric Dirichlet distribution. The proposed approach is applied to price not only simple European claims such as defaultable bonds, but also a new type of path-dependent claims that we term self-decomposable as well as the important class of vulnerable call and put options on a stock. In the portfolio optimization context, we obtain explicit constructions of value functions and investment strategies for investors with Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) utilities, built on the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) framework developed in Capponi and Figueroa-Lopez (2011). We give a precise characterization of the investment strategies in terms of corporate bond returns, forward rates, and expected recovery at default, and illustrate the dependence of the optimal strategies on time, losses given default, and risk aversion level of the investor through a detailed economical analysis. AMS 2000 subject classifications: 93E20, 60J20.
Classification of Cardiac Abnormalities Using Reduced Features of Heart Rate Variability Signal

This paper presents an effective arrhythmia classification algorithm using the heart rate variability (HRV) signal. The proposed method is based on the Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) feature reduction technique and the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network classifier. At first, nine linear and nonlinear features are extracted from the HRV signals and then these features are reduced to only three by GDA. Finally, the MLP neural network is used to classify the HRV signals. The proposed arrhythmia classification method is applied to input HRV signals, obtained from the MIT-BIH databases. Here, four types of the most life threatening cardiac arrhythmias including left bundle branch block, fist degree heart block, Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and ventricular trigeminy can be discriminated by MLP and reduced features with the accuracy of 100%.
Assessment of Story Comprehension Deficits After Brain Damage

A story comprehension task was specifically developed for the clinical diagnosis of text comprehension deficits. The performance of 49 healthy control participants on qualitatively different Yes/No questions confirmed that both salience and explicitness of information had an impact on question difficulty. An unselected group of brain damaged patients (n=96) made more errors, particularly on questions about implicit information. The subgroup of patients with left-hemispheric vascular aetiology (n=18) had particular difficulties with stated details, patients with right-hemispheric vascular aetiology (n=12) with implicit main ideas, and patients with traumatic brain injury (n=34) were most impaired on implicit information. Correlations with neuropsychological test scores also confirmed that the questions successfully tapped different subprocesses of comprehension. Performance on implicit main ideas was correlated with tests of executive functions, whereas the performance on the other three question types was correlated with long-term memory and verbal learning. These results suggest that the story comprehension test is a useful diagnostic tool for neuropsychological assessment.
Impact of the Type of First Medical Contact within a Guideline-Conform ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Network: A Prospective Observational Registry Study

Aims The impact of type of first medical contact (FMC) in the setting of a guideline conform metropolitan ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) network providing obligatory primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear. Methods and Results 3,312 patients were prospectively included between 2006 and 2012 into a registry accompanying the “Cologne Infarction Model” STEMI network, with 68.4% primarily presenting to emergency medical service (EMS), 17.6% to non-PCI-capable hospitals, and 14.0% to PCI-capable hospitals. Median contact-to-balloon time differed significantly by FMC with 89 minutes (IQR 72–115) for EMS, 107 minutes (IQR 85–148) for non-PCI- and 65 minutes (IQR 48–91) for PCI-capable hospitals (p < 0.001). TIMI-flow grade III and in-hospital mortality were 75.7% and 10.4% in EMS, 70.3% and 8.6% in non-PCI capable hospital and 84.4% and 5.6% in PCI-capable hospital presenters, respectively (p both < 0.01). The association of FMC with in-hospital mortality was not significant after adjustment for baseline characteristics, but risk of TIMI-flow grade < III remained significantly increased in patients presenting to non-PCI capable hospitals. Conclusion Despite differences in treatment delay by type of FMC in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly. The increased risk of TIMI-flow grade < III in patients presenting to non PCI-capable hospitals needs further study.
Extending the use of institutional theory in operations and supply chain management research : Review and research suggestions

Purpose – Increasing empirical evidence suggests organizational actions are not always driven by economic efficiency considerations, contrary to the rational decision making viewpoint dominant in the field. Institutional theory, examining the causes of isomorphism within organizations, provides an alternative viewpoint to the adoption of strategies and practices in managing operations and supply chains. Applications have so far been limited to few topics, such as quality management and adoption of electronic tools. This study aims to contribute to an increased understanding of the theory's explanatory value in the field by presenting central research avenues yet unexplored. Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins with a review of the past institutional theory studies in the field. Important new contexts and research directions are then identified with the aim to increase understanding of how institutional factors operate in the field. Finally, a critical evaluation of empirical data collection and .
Experiencing Products Virtually: The Role of Vividness and Interactivity in Influencing Mental Imagery and User Reactions

Evaluating products in virtual environments is constrained by the inability of ecommerce to provide a touch-and-feel experience compared to the way to experience products in traditional retail stores. Research has shown that this limitation could be reduced by enabling users to experience products virtually by providing a stimulating virtual product experience, which is reflected in the degree of mental imagery due to the vividness and interactivity of the online product presentation. In this paper we analyze the impact of the vividness, in terms of a two-dimensional versus three-dimensional product presentation, and of the interactivity, in terms of a mouse versus a touch-screen as input device, of the virtual product experience on mental imagery and further userrelated outcomes. The results show that mental imagery is positively influenced by the use of a touch-screen, while three-dimensional product presentation had a positive impact on emotions, attitude towards the product, and purchase intention.