Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient isolation and mapping of rad genes of the fungus Coprinus cinereus using chromosome-specific libraries.

We have constructed cosmid libraries from electrophoretically separated chromosomes of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. These libraries greatly facilitate the isolation of genes by complementation of mutant phenotypes and are particularly useful for map-based cloning strategies. From a library constructed from two co-migrating C.cinereus chromosomes, we isolated a clone that complements the C.cinereus rad9-1 mutation. Examination of this clone showed that it complements both the repair and meiotic defects of this mutant. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping using a portion of this clone showed that it maps to the rad9 locus. In addition, a single copy of transforming DNA is sufficient to complement the rad9-1 defects. Thus, we believe we have cloned the rad9 gene itself. We also used a chromosome-specific library and backcrossed isolates to rapidly identify a cosmid clone which is tightly linked to the rad11 locus and is therefore a suitable starting point for a chromosome walk. These rapid methods of gene mapping and isolation should be applicable to any organism with separable chromosomes.
Classification of annotation semirings over query containment

We study the problem of query containment of (unions of) conjunctive queries over annotated databases. Annotations are typically attached to tuples and represent metadata such as probability, multiplicity, comments, or provenance. It is usually assumed that annotations are drawn from a commutative semiring. Such databases pose new challenges in query optimization, since many related fundamental tasks, such as query containment, have to be reconsidered in the presence of propagation of annotations. We axiomatize several classes of semirings for each of which containment of conjunctive queries is equivalent to existence of a particular type of homomorphism. For each of these types we also specify all semirings for which existence of a corresponding homomorphism is a sufficient (or necessary) condition for the containment. We exploit these techniques to develop new decision procedures for containment of unions of conjunctive queries and axiomatize corresponding classes of semirings. This generalizes previous approaches and allows us to improve known complexity bounds.
Predictors of Rational Management of Diarrhea in an Endemic Setting: Observation from India

Background Decades after the establishment of clear guidelines for management, mostly due to irrational approach, diarrhea is still a major concern in the developing world, including India. The scenario is even worse in urban slums owing to poor health-seeking and socio-environmental vulnerability. Determining the distribution of rational diarrhea management by practitioners and identification of its important predictors seemed urgent to minimize the potential for antibiotic resistance, diarrhea-related mortality and morbidity in these areas. Methods Between May 2011 and January 2012, 264 consenting, randomly selected qualified and non-qualified practitioners (including pharmacists) were interviewed in the slums of Kolkata, a populous city in eastern India, regarding their characteristics, diarrhea-related knowledge (overall and in six separate domains: signs/symptoms, occurrence/spread, management, prevention/control, cholera and ORS), prescribed antibiotics, intravenous fluid (IVF) and laboratory investigations. Rationality was established based on standard textbooks. Results Among participants, 53.03% had no medical qualifications, 6.06% were attached to Governmental hospitals, 19.32% had best knowledge regarding diarrhea. While treating diarrhea, 7.20%, 17.80% and 20.08% respectively advised antibiotics, IVF and laboratory tests rationally. Logistic regression revealed that qualified and Governmental-sector practitioners managed diarrhea more rationally. Having best diarrhea-related knowledge regarding signs/symptoms (OR=5.49, p value=0.020), occurrence/spread (OR=3.26, p value=0.035) and overall (OR=6.82, p value=0.006) were associated with rational antibiotic prescription. Rational IVF administration was associated with best knowledge regarding diarrheal signs/symptoms (OR=3.00, p value=0.017), occurrence/spread (OR=3.57, p value=0.004), prevention/control (OR=4.89, p value=0.037), ORS (OR=2.55, p value=0.029) and overall (OR=4.57, p value<0.001). Best overall (OR=2.68, p value=0.020) and cholera-related knowledge (OR=2.34, p value=0.019) were associated with rational laboratory testing strategy. Conclusion Diarrheal management practices were unsatisfactory in urban slums where practitioners’ knowledge was a strong predictor for rational management. Interventions targeting non-qualified, independent practitioners to improve their diarrhea-related knowledge seemed to be required urgently to ensure efficient management of diarrhea in these endemic settings.
Muscarinic receptor subtype-specific effects on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in mice

Cholinergic tone contributes to airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Accordingly, anticholinergics are effective bronchodilators by blocking the muscarinic M3 receptor on airway smooth muscle. Recent evidence indicates that acetylcholine also contributes to airway inflammation. However, which muscarinic receptor subtype(s) regulates this process is unknown. In this study, the contribution of the M1, M2 and M3 receptor subtypes to cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation was investigated by exposing muscarinic receptor subtype deficient mice to cigarette smoke for 4 days. In wild-type mice, cigarette smoke induced an increase in macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Neutrophilic inflammation was higher in M1-/- and M2-/- mice compared to wild-type mice, but lower in M3-/- mice. Accordingly, the release of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-6 was higher in M1-/- and M2-/- mice, and reduced in M3-/- mice. Markers of remodelling were not increased after cigarette smoke exposure. However, M3-/- mice had reduced expression of transforming growth factor-&bgr;1 and matrix proteins. Cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory cell recruitment and KC release were also prevented by the M3-receptor selective antagonist 1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (4-DAMP) in wild-type mice. Collectively, our data indicate a pro-inflammatory role for the M3 receptor in cigarette smoke-induced neutrophilia and cytokine release, yet an anti-inflammatory role for M1 and M2 receptors. Inhibition of the muscarinic M3 receptor prevents inflammation in response to cigarette smoke exposure in mice http://ow.ly/p7UdG
Bad Apple Theory of Human Error and Building Information Modelling: A Systemic Model for BIM Implementation

Building information modeling (BIM) is significantly influencing the way in which building and engineering projects are being planned, designed, constructed and maintained. It has been widely advocated that BIM will significantly reduce design and construction errors as well improve project cost and schedule. There is a lack of empirical research about the underlying 'latent conditions' contributing to error, which has resulted in a Bad Apple Theory of human error becoming ingrained within BIM research and practice. Changes to the way BIM is viewed as an error reduction tool are required if it is to significantly improve project performance. The paper proposes a systemic model for BIM implementation so that errors can be reduced. As a result of reducing errors subsequent rework, accidents and failures will also be reduced.
Roles of Small GTPase Rac1 in the Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton during Dengue Virus Infection

Background Increased vascular permeability is a hallmark feature in severe dengue virus (DV) infection, and dysfunction of endothelial cells has been speculated to contribute in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Rho-family GTPase Rac1 is a significant element of endothelial barrier function regulation and has been implicated in the regulation of actin remodeling and intercellular junction formation. Yet there is little evidence linking Rac1 GTPase to alteration in endothelial cell function induced by DV infection. Methods and Findings Here, we showed that actin is essential for DV serotype 2 (DV2) entry into and release from ECV304 cells, and Rac1 signaling is involved these processes. At early infection, actin cytoskeleton rearranged significantly during 1 hour post infection, and disrupting actin filament dynamics with jasplakinolide or cytochalasin D reduced DV2 entry. DV2 entry induced reduction of Rac1 activity within 1 hour post infection. The expression of dominant-negative forms of Rac1 established that DV2 entry is negatively regulated by Rac1. At late infection, actin drugs also inhibited the DV2 release and induced accumulation of viral proteins in the cytoplasm. Meanwhile, the activity of Rac1 increased significantly with the progression of DV2 infection and was up-regulated in transfected cells expressing E protein. Confocal microscopy showed that DV2 E protein was closely associated with either actin or Rac1 in DV2-infected cells. The interaction between E protein and actin was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Conclusions These results defined roles for actin integrity in DV2 entry and release, and indicated evidence for the participation of Rac1 signaling pathways in DV2-induced actin reorganizations and E-actin interaction. Our results may provide further insight into the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
Alcohol Consumption Raises HDL Cholesterol Levels by Increasing the Transport Rate of Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II

BackgroundModerate alcohol intake is associated with lower atherosclerosis risk, presumably due to increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations; however, the metabolic mechanisms of this increase are poorly understood. Methods and ResultsWe tested the hypothesis that ethanol increases HDL-C by raising transport rates (TRs) of the major HDL apolipoproteins apoA-I and -II. We measured the turnover of these apolipoproteins in vivo in paired studies with and without alcohol consumption in 14 subjects. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and TR of radiolabeled apoA-I and -II were determined in the last 2 weeks of a 4-week Western-type metabolic diet, without (control) or with alcohol in isocaloric exchange for carbohydrates. Alcohol was given as vodka in fixed amounts ranging from 0.20 to 0.81 g · kg−1 · d−1 (mean±SD 0.45±0.19) to reflect the usual daily intake of each subject. HDL-C concentrations increased 18% with alcohol compared with the control (Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, P =0.002). The apoA-I concentrations increased by 10% (P =0.048) and apoA-II concentrations increased by 17% (P =0.005) due to higher apoA-I and -II TRs, respectively, whereas the FCR of both apoA-I and -II did not change. The amount of alcohol consumed correlated with the degree of increase in HDL-C (Pearson’s r =0.66, P =0.01) and apoA-I TR (r =0.57, P =0.03). The increase in HDL-C also correlated with the increase in apoA-I TR (r =0.61, P =0.02). ConclusionsAlcohol intake increases HDL-C in a dose-dependent fashion, associated with and possibly caused by an increase in the TR of HDL apolipoproteins apoA-I and -II.
Perceptual Category Judgment Deficits are Related to Prefrontal Decision Making Abnormalities in Schizophrenia

Previous studies of perceptual category learning in patients with schizophrenia generally demonstrate impaired perceptual category learning; however, traditional cognitive studies have often failed to address the relationship of different cortical regions to perceptually based category learning and judgments in healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia. In the present study, perceptual category learning was examined in 26 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy participants using a dot-pattern category learning task. In the training phase, distortions of a prototypical dot pattern were presented. In the test phase, participants were shown the prototype, low and high distortions of the prototype, and random dot patterns. Participants were required to indicate whether the presented dot pattern was a member of the category of dot-patterns previously presented during the study phase. Patients with schizophrenia displayed an impaired ability to make judgments regarding marginal members of novel, perceptually based categories relative to healthy participants. Category judgment also showed opposite patterns of strong, significant correlations with behavioral measures of prefrontal cortex function in patients relative to healthy participants. These results suggest that impaired judgments regarding novel, perceptually based category membership may be due to abnormal prefrontal cortex function in patients with schizophrenia.
Automata Construct with Genetic Algorithm

A finite state machine (FSM) is a behavioural model of digital hardware. The "evolutionary programming" algorithm was created in 60's by Fogel and it was the first attempt to construct a FSM by evolutionary principle, but only with usage a mutation operator. Lucas and Reynolds tried to construct FSMs without output function using genetic algorithm (for purpose of lexical analysers). This contribution describes experiments with a standard genetic algorithm (SGA) on more general FSMs (Moore and Mealy). It compares simple GA with those, where the mutation affected by the probability. The minimisation is built-in genetic algorithm. The algorithm is tested on several examples
Attitudes toward pharmacological cognitive enhancement—a review

A primary means for the augmentation of cognitive brain functions is “pharmacological cognitive enhancement” (PCE). The term usually refers to the off-label use of medical substances to improve mental performance in healthy individuals. With the final aim to advance the normative debate taking place on that topic, several empirical studies have been conducted to assess the attitudes toward PCE in the public, i.e., in groups outside of the academic debate. In this review, we provide an overview of the 40 empirical studies published so far, reporting both their methodology and results. Overall, we find that several concerns about the use of PCE are prevalent in the public. These concerns largely match those discussed in the normative academic debate. We present our findings structured around the three most common concerns: medical safety, coercion, and fairness. Fairness is divided into three subthemes: equality of opportunity, honesty, and authenticity. Attitudes regarding some concerns are coherent across studies (e.g., coercion), whereas for others we find mixed results (e.g., authenticity). Moreover, we find differences in how specific groups—such as users, nonusers, students, parents, and health care providers—perceive PCE: a coherent finding is that nonusers display more concerns regarding medical safety and fairness than users. We discuss potential psychological explanations for these differences.
Fundamental research about electroencephalogram (EEG) - Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) rehabilitation system

Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) which is a specific brain wave of motor imagery is popular in the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) researches. Several researches showed that sensory feedbacks affected ERD, but it is not clear which sensory inputs (tactile, muscular, tendonious and articular) mainly affect ERD.We examined how ERD is affected by the Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) on both feet for healthy subjects. The results indicated that bigger ERD was extracted as the FES stimulus increase. And bigger ERD was also extracted during the leg free condition than the leg fixed condition. It suggests that the muscular and articular sensations induce ERD on foot motor area (Cz).
Reliability and validity of the Thai self-report version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale-Second Edition

Purpose The self-report version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) has been developed to overcome the limitations of the clinician-administered version, which needs to be executed by trained personnel and is time consuming. The second edition of the Y-BOCS (Y-BOCS-II) was developed to address some limitations of the original version. However, there is no self-report version of the Y-BOCS-II at the moment. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the developed Thai self-report version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale-Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II-SR-T). Patients and methods Y-BOCS-II-SR-T was developed from the Thai version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale-Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II-T). The Y-BOCS-II-SR-T, the Y-BOCS-II-T, the Thai version of the Florida Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (FOCI-T), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Pictorial Thai Quality of Life (PTQL) instrument were administered to 52 obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. Internal consistency for the Y-BOCS-II-SR-T was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α), and the factor analyses were completed. Pearson’s correlation was used in determining convergent and divergent validity among the other measures. Results The mean score of the Y-BOCS-II-SR-T total score was 20.71±11.16. The internal consistencies of the Y-BOCS-II-SR-T total scores, the obsession subscale, and the compulsion subscale scores were excellent (α=0.94, α=0.90, and α=0.89, respectively). The correlation between each item and the Y-BOCS-II-SR-T total score showed strong correlation for all items. Confirmatory factor analysis with model modification showed adequate fit for obsession and compulsion factor models. The Y-BOCS-II-SR-T had strong correlation with the YBOCS-II-T and the FOCI-T (rs>0.90) and weaker correlation with the HAM-D, PHQ-9, and PTQL (rs<0.60), which implied good convergent and divergent validity. Conclusion The Y-BOCS-II-SR-T is a psychometrically sound and valid measure for assessing obsessive–compulsive symptoms.
Knowledge-Sharing Among Health-care Professionals 0 Knowledge-Sharing in an Online Community of Health-care Professionals

Please do not quote from this version as it may be different from the published version. Structured Abstract Purpose – The purposes of this study are twofold: (1) to examine the types of activity that nurses undertake on an online community of practice (APN-l) as well as the types of knowledge that nurses share with one another and (2) to examine the factors that sustain knowledge sharing among the nurses from their local perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – An in-depth case study with mixed methods was adopted to obtain rich and naturalistic data including online observations of the messages posted in APN-l, interviews with twenty-seven members of APN-l, and content analysis of online messages. Findings – The most common type of activity performed by members of APN-l was " Knowledge sharing, " followed by " Solicitation. " Regarding the types of knowledge shared, the most common were " Institutional practice " and " Personal opinion. " The factors that have helped sustain knowledge sharing within the online community of practice include: (1) a self-selection, (2) validation of one's practice with others who share a similar working situation, (3) a need to gain better understanding of current knowledge and best practices in the field, (4) a non-competitive environment, (5) the asynchronous nature of the online communication medium, and (6) the role of the listserv moderator. Originality/value – This study contributes to the growing knowledge base of communities of practice that span organizational boundary. Administrators can use the coding schema developed in this study to gauge current activities of existing online communities of practice. Additionally, they can use the six factors to sustain knowledge sharing community for fostering new/existing online communities of practice. Introduction Organizations and professional associations are increasingly examining the potential of online communication networks to enable members to share knowledge and engage in continuing workplace learning and professional development (Gray, 2004; Wasko & Faraj, 2005). The notion of communities of practice as a milieu for knowledge sharing has gained communities of practice can be described as " groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise in this area by interacting on an ongoing basis " (p. 4). Among the main reasons why communities of practice are effective tools for knowledge sharing is the fact that much of an individual's knowledge is intangible and tacit in …
Transcendental Leadership for the 21st Century: A Narrative Inquiry on Effective Leadership and Workplace Spirituality

Researchers have shown that transcendental leadership theory is an extension of transactional, transformational, servant, and spiritual leadership theories in terms of internal locus control, leadership effectiveness, and spirituality. The problem that the researcher addressed in this study was that while transcendental leaders may be yielding financial results, they are not as successful in gaining spiritual results by influencing their followers. The purpose of this qualitative narrative research study was to explore the conceptualizations of spiritual leadership in a secular workplace context and to explore the challenges and potential barriers confronting spiritual and transcendental leadership. Data collection involved individual interviews with 10 executive members of the Academy of Management who practice transcendental leadership and workplace spirituality. The results of the thematic analysis indicated that transcendental leaders develop and practice seven dimensions of spirituality: organizational commitment, altruistic love, hope and/or faith, trust, civic/social responsibility, solidarity, and spiritual connectedness. While the participants described differing ways of inspiring and reinforcing spirituality, the overarching methods of developing and practicing all seven of these dimensions included a relationship between the leader and employee — as well as a focus on the individual employee themselves, including a unified vision, behavior modeling, as well as a sense of meaning or greater purpose. The results of the present study may increase transcendental leaders’ ability to encourage spirituality through improved understanding of the barriers and challenges to implementing dimensions of spirituality in the workplace. Additionally, companies may experience greater benefits associated with transcendental leadership, such as increased productivity and employee satisfaction.
Bachelor Degree Project in Cognitive Neuroscience 15 Ects Spring Term 2013 Neurobiological Rationale for Treating Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder with 3,4- Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Running Head: Rationale for Treating Ptsd with Mdma 1 Treating Horror with Ecstasy

2 PTSD . 6 Neural Correlates of PTSD . 9 Accepted Treatments for PTSD . 12 MDMA . 15 History of MDMA . 15 Acute Effects . 17 Aftereffects . 20 Does MDMA Heighten Empathy? 22 Contemporary Treatment of PTSD with MDMA . 23 Session outline . 24 U.S. . 25 Switzerland . 26 Unfinished studies . 28 Neurobiological Rationale for Treating PTSD with MDMA . 28 Neurotransmitters . 29 Regulation of Activity . 34 Hormones . 39 Discussion . 43 Neurotoxicity and Adverse Psychological Effects . 43 Implications From Contemporary Studies . 46 Conclusion . 48 RATIONALE FOR TREATING PTSD WITH MDMA