Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applying fuzzy expert system to information security risk Assessment - A case study on an attendance system

As computer becomes popular and internet advances rapidly, information application systems are used extensively in organizations. Various information application systems such as attendance systems, accounting systems, and statistical systems have already replaced manual operations. In such a drastic change, the information security issue encountered by organizations becomes increasingly significant. This study adopts an attendance system of a governmental organization to explore the information security issue. The risk assessment of the attendance system mainly focuses on the assessments of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Weak points of the attendance system and threats to the outside are also included in the scope of consideration. This study adopts the ISO/IEC 27001 information security management system standard and ISO/IEC27005:2008 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security risk management to explore the risk assessment method of the attendance system and establish a set of fuzzy expert systems to measure the value at risk. In the meantime, a recommended acceptable value at risk is provided for facilitating and assisting decision makers through practical aspects and fuzzy expert systems and used as a reference for selecting an acceptable value at risk.
The Osteological Paradox Reconsidered

ter, and Sontz I97I; Gallagher I977; Hayden I977, I979) that the rules may be so lax (at least with regard to the overall morphology of the lithic artifacts) that the archaeologist may be unable to ascertain from the lithics that they were made according to such rules. I suspect (although I do not speak as a lithics specialist) that we recognize the symbolic nature of the archaeological record of early Upper Paleolithic Europe more from its decorative and representational art than from its lithics. Nevertheless, I am in complete agreement with Byers's interpretation of the Middle-to-Upper-Paleolithic transition in Europe with the one exception that there are more kinds or levels of symbolic behavior than he mentions and that the origins of language are as important to understand as the origins of symbolic culture. Above all, I am encouraged to see a scholar from outside Paleolithic archaeology taking a serious and anything but naive interest in what archaeology has to offer. If we archaeologists can return the compliment by taking a serious and ideally not too naive interest in what other disciplines have to tell us about the evolution of human culture and of the human mind, our discipline will benefit enormously.
Individual Dirences in the Generation and Processing of Performance Feedback

This article describes the development of three domain-specific measures of individual differences in feedback propensities. In a series of studies, the authors identify the primary dimensions, psychometric characteristics, and construct validation evidence for internal ability, internal propensity, and external propensity for feedback. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the three dimensional representation. Correlations between the new scales and existing measures of personality are consistent with theoretical predictions. Theoretical and practical extensions of the current work are discussed.
Phylogeography of the Indo-West Pacific maskrays (Dasyatidae, Neotrygon): a complex example of chondrichthyan radiation in the Cenozoic

Maskrays of the genus Neotrygon (Dasyatidae) have dispersed widely in the Indo-West Pacific being represented largely by an assemblage of narrow-ranging coastal endemics. Phylogenetic reconstruction methods reproduced nearly identical and statistically robust topologies supporting the monophyly of the genus Neotrygon within the family Dasyatidae, the genus Taeniura being consistently basal to Neotrygon, and Dasyatis being polyphyletic to the genera Taeniurops and Pteroplatytrygon. The Neotrygon kuhlii complex, once considered to be an assemblage of color variants of the same biological species, is the most derived and widely dispersed subgroup of the genus. Mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear (RAG1) phylogenies used in synergy with molecular dating identified paleoclimatic fluctuations responsible for periods of vicariance and dispersal promoting population fragmentation and speciation in Neotrygon. Signatures of population differentiation exist in N. ningalooensis and N. annotata, yet a large-scale geological event, such as the collision between the Australian and Eurasian Plates, coupled with subsequent sea-level falls, appears to have separated a once homogeneous population of the ancestral form of N. kuhlii into southern Indian Ocean and northern Pacific taxa some 4–16 million years ago. Repeated climatic oscillations, and the subsequent establishment of land and shallow sea connections within and between Australia and parts of the Indo-Malay Archipelago, have both promoted speciation and established zones of secondary contact within the Indian and Pacific Ocean basins.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: basic mechanisms and clinical implications for prevention

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of death in patients with intractable epilepsy. The substantial lifetime risk of SUDEP and the lack of a clear pathophysiological connection between epilepsy itself and sudden death have fuelled increased attention to this phenomenon. Understanding the mechanisms underlying SUDEP is paramount to developing preventative strategies. In this review, we discuss SUDEP population studies, case–control studies, witnessed and monitored cases, as well as human seizure cardiorespiratory findings related to SUDEP, and SUDEP animal models. We integrate these data to suggest the most probable mechanisms underlying SUDEP. Understanding the modifiable risk factors and pathophysiology allows us to discuss potential preventative strategies.
El papel de la interacción significativa y las técnicas dramáticas en la educación de estudiantes con discapacidad visual en la UACh

Resumen Este articulo da cuenta del desarrollo del proyecto “Propuesta y validacion de metodologias activas para la inclusion de estudiantes con discapacidad visual durante los ciclos de bachillerato” (DEP 2012-01) en la Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh). El objetivo general de este proyecto es sensibilizar a los docentes de la UACh con respecto a los procesos de ensenanza a personas con necesidades especiales (PcNE): discapacidad visual, a traves de un taller con metodologias activas y tecnicas teatrales aplicado a los distintos departamentos, Escuelas y Centros de la institucion durante el 2013 y 2014. En este trabajo, primero se especifica la metodologia de investigacion y las actividades a realizar en el marco del proyecto. Luego se expone la situacion problematica actual en torno a la inclusion en establecimientos educacionales y universidades, la importancia de la interaccion significativa en el proceso de aprendizaje, y el rol del profesor y estudiantes en el mismo. Finalmente, se presenta la metodologia de trabajo impulsada en el marco del proyecto: el uso de los sentidos y las tecnicas dramaticas, y la propuesta pedagogica para el trabajo con estudiantes con necesidades especiales en el aula utilizada en los talleres de sensibilizacion docente realizados en el marco del proyecto. Palabras clave : interaccion significativa, discapacidad visual, inclusion, tecnicas dramaticas The Role of Meaningful Interaction and Drama Techniques in the Education of Students with Visual Impairment at UACh Abstract This article informs about the development of the project entitled “Proposal and validation of active methodologies for the inclusion of students with visual impairment (SwVI, hereafter) in the first two years of college” (DEP 2012-01) at Universidad Austral de Chile. This project seeks to involve professors at UACh in the teaching process of students with special needs (SwSN): visual impairment, through a workshop of active methodologies and drama techniques in the different Departments, Schools and Centers of the institution in 2013 and 2014. First, the investigation methodology and the activities to be utilized in this project are specified. Then, this article presents the State of the Art related to inclusion in educational institutions and universities, the importance of meaningful interaction, and the teachers and students’ role in the learning process. Finally, the article shows the methodology developed in the framework of the project: the use of the senses, drama techniques, and the teaching proposal implemented in the awareness-raising workshops for the teaching of students with special needs. Key words: meaningful interaction, visual impairment, inclusion, drama techniques
Anterior brain glucose hypometabolism predates dementia in progranulin mutation carriers

Objective: In this prospective cohort study, we investigated cerebral glucose metabolism reductions on [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in progranulin (GRN) mutation carriers prior to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) onset. Methods: Nine mutation carriers (age 51.5 ± 13.5 years) and 11 noncarriers (age 52.7 ± 9.5 years) from 5 families with FTD due to GRN mutations underwent brain scanning with FDG-PET and MRI and clinical evaluation. Normalized FDG uptake values were calculated with reference to the pons. PET images were analyzed with regions of interest (ROI) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) approaches. Results: Compared with noncarriers, GRN mutation carriers had a lowered anterior-to-posterior (AP) ratio of FDG uptake (0.86 ± 0.09 vs 0.92 ± 0.05) and less left-right asymmetry, consistent with an overall pattern of right anterior cerebral hypometabolism. This pattern was observed regardless of whether they were deemed clinically symptomatic no dementia or asymptomatic. Individual ROIs with lowered FDG uptake included right anterior cingulate, insula, and gyrus rectus. SPM analysis supported and extended these findings, demonstrating abnormalities in the right and left medial frontal regions, right insular cortex, right precentral and middle frontal gyri, and right cerebellum. Right AP ratio was correlated with cognitive and clinical scores (modified Mini-Mental State Examination r = 0.74; Functional Rating Scale r = −0.73) but not age and years to estimated onset in mutation carriers. Conclusion: The frontotemporal lobar degenerative process associated with GRN mutations appears to begin many years prior to the average age at FTD onset (late 50s–early 60s). Right medial and ventral frontal cortex and insula may be affected in this process but the specific regional patterns associated with specific clinical variants remain to be elucidated.
Dream interpretation as a component of researcher's reflexivity within an ethnographic research

Researchers' reflexivity about how they shape the phenomena that they study within the data collection process is often presented as a crucial component of ethnographic research methodology. Nevertheless, academic literature about ethnography is mostly silent around whether researchers' dreams are relevant to the research process and their interpretation can be considered a valuable material to be reflexive of. While using data from an ethnographic study in two public primary schools in Australia and Slovakia about inclusive education and school leadership, this paper demonstrates how researcher's dreams and their interpretation navigated his decisions about the data collection process, data analysis and ethical aspects of the study. This paper presents original implications for understanding the concept of reflexivity and putting it in practice when employing ethnographic research methodology.
Estrogen receptor beta is expressed in human colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) has recently been detected in a human colon cancer cell line. The aim of this work was to determine whether ER-beta is expressed in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissue and the extent of this expression. ER-beta expression in CRC was investigated by immunohistochemical staining of sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 55 CRC. The percent of positive cells was recorded. ER-beta immunoreactivity was always present in normal epithelium and adenomas in the same sections of some CRC and was always nuclear. In CRC, nuclear ER-beta immunoreactivity was detected in >10% of the cancer cells in 67% of the cases and was almost always associated with cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. There were no statistically significant differences between the ER-beta-positive and -negative groups in regard to depth of invasion, nodal metastases, or survival, regardless of the cut-off value used. We conclude that (1) a significant number of CRCs are positive for ER-beta. (2) estrogen may play an important role in the proliferation of normal colonic epithelium, and (3) there is differential localization of ER-beta immunoreactivity between normal colon, adenomas, and CRCs. Whether different ER-beta isoforms are differentially expressed in CRCs, and whether human CRCs respond to treatment with antiestrogens, is the subject of studies currently in progress.
The association between income, financial strain and psychological well‐being among unemployed youths

Studies investigating the causes of poor psychological health during unemployment have tended to neglect the role played by financial hardship. This study made use of government-led reductions in the amount of welfare benefits paid to unemployed Australian youths to investigate the possible psychological impact of reduced income during unemployment. Samples of 161 and 201 unemployed youths were obtained before and after the changes were made, respectively. Although respondents in the latter sample received less money from welfare benefits, their overall level of income did not differ from that of the first sample. Analyses showed that respondents reported a range of weekly incomes, from a variety of sources. Correlational analyses on the combined samples showed that the subjective level of financial strain experienced, but not the actual amount of income received, was independently associated with psychological well-being. Lower incomes were not associated with a greater commitment to obtaining a job or a lower level of structured time use, though higher levels of financial strain were associated with both. It is suggested that financial strain mediates the effect of low incomes on psychological health, activity levels, and commitment to obtaining employment.
Fourth Graders' Motivation in an Elementary Physical Education Running Program

In this study we examined students' motivation in an elementary physical education running program using achievement goal theory and an expectancy-value model of achievement choice as theoretical frameworks. Fourth graders (N = 119) completed questionnaires assessing their achievement goals, expectancy-related beliefs, subjective task values, and intention for future participation in running. They also completed a 1-mile run as a performance outcome. Results indicated that achievement goals, expectancy-related beliefs, and subjective task values were related to one another and were predictive of children's intention for future participation in running and their performance on the 1-mile run. Although boys and girls did not differ significantly in mean scores on the variables, they seemed to be motivated by a different combination of achievement goals, expectancy-related beliefs, and subjective task values. Findings provided empirical evidence supporting the use of multiple theoretical perspectives in motivation and achievement research in physical education.
BAFF Receptor Deficiency Reduces the Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice—Brief Report

Objective—The goal of this study was to assess the role of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) receptor in B-cell regulation of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—Male LDL receptor-deficient mice (Ldlr−/−) were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with either wild type or BAFF receptor (BAFF-R)–deficient bone marrow. After 4 weeks of recovery, mice were put on a high-fat diet for 6 or 8 weeks. BAFF-R deficiency in bone marrow cells led to a marked reduction of conventional mature B2 cells but did not affect the B1a cell subtype. This was associated with a significant reduction of dendritic cell activation and T-cell proliferation along with a reduction of IgG antibodies against malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein. In contrast, serum IgM type antibodies were preserved. Interestingly, BAFF-R deficiency was associated with a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion development and reduced numbers of plaque T cells. Selective BAFF-R deficiency on B cells led to a similar reduction in lesion size and T-cell infiltration but in contrast did not affect dendritic cell activation. Conclusion—BAFF-R deficiency in mice selectively alters mature B2 cell-dependent cellular and humoral immune responses and limits the development of atherosclerosis.
Bovine haptoglobin response in clinically defined field conditions

In order to assess the usefulness of haptoglobin as a measure of the acute phase response in cattle, the concentration of serum haptoglobin was estimated in the non-infectious conditions of milk fever and ketosis, and in the infectious conditions of severe mastitis, acute severe metritis, retained placenta and chronic endometritis. Mean haptoglobin concentrations were normal in cattle with non-infectious conditions and chronic endometritis but significantly increased in cattle with infectious conditions.
Mathematics Anxiety In Preservice Elementary School Teachers

Mathematics anxiety is a condition that exists in many children and adults. Studies (Bulmahn & Young, 1982, Kelly & Tomhave, 1985) have indicated that about 10% of all preservice elementary school teachers have mathematics anxiety. The author verified this statistic in a research study conducted by Basta & Unglaub (1994). In fact, with the particular sample used in the 1994 study (79 preservice elementary school teachers) the number of high mathematics anxious rose to 11.4% based on the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (Suinn, 1972).
Search-based genetic optimization for deployment and reconfiguration of software in the cloud

Migrating existing enterprise software to cloud platforms involves the comparison of competing cloud deployment options (CDOs). A CDO comprises a combination of a specific cloud environment, deployment architecture, and runtime reconfiguration rules for dynamic resource scaling. Our simulator CDOSim can evaluate CDOs, e.g., regarding response times and costs. However, the design space to be searched for well-suited solutions is extremely huge. In this paper, we approach this optimization problem with the novel genetic algorithm CDOXplorer. It uses techniques of the search-based software engineering field and CDOSim to assess the fitness of CDOs. An experimental evaluation that employs, among others, the cloud environments Amazon EC2 and Microsoft Windows Azure, shows that CDOXplorer can find solutions that surpass those of other state-of-the-art techniques by up to 60%. Our experiment code and data and an implementation of CDOXplorer are available as open source software.
Characterization of the acid resistance phenotype and rpoS alleles of shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli

Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) strains are an important group of enteric pathogens. In this study we have examined the abilities of 58 SLTEC isolates to survive at pH 2.5 and found 13 of these isolates to be defective in acid resistance. Introduction of rpoS on a plasmid conferred acid resistance to the majority of the acid-sensitive isolates. The rpoS genes from two of these isolates were sequenced; both isolates contained lesions in the rpoS gene resulting in a nonfunctional RpoS. These results show that mutant rpoS alleles exist in natural populations of E. coli. Such mutations may play an important role in determining the infective dose of SLTEC and suggest that isolates may vary in infectivity.
Cryptic female choice favours sperm from major histocompatibility complex-dissimilar males

Cryptic female choice may enable polyandrous females to avoid inbreeding or bias offspring variability at key loci after mating. However, the role of these genetic benefits in cryptic female choice remains poorly understood. Female red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, bias sperm use in favour of unrelated males. Here, we experimentally investigate whether this bias is driven by relatedness per se, or by similarity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), genes central to vertebrate acquired immunity, where polymorphism is critical to an individual's ability to combat pathogens. Through experimentally controlled natural matings, we confirm that selection against related males' sperm occurs within the female reproductive tract but demonstrate that this is more accurately predicted by MHC similarity: controlling for relatedness per se, more sperm reached the eggs when partners were MHC-dissimilar. Importantly, this effect appeared largely owing to similarity at a single MHC locus (class I minor). Further, the effect of MHC similarity was lost following artificial insemination, suggesting that male phenotypic cues might be required for females to select sperm differentially. These results indicate that postmating mechanisms that reduce inbreeding may do so as a consequence of more specific strategies of cryptic female choice promoting MHC diversity in offspring.
Frequency Domain Subspace Identification Using Nuclear Norm Minimization and Hankel Matrix Realizations

Subspace identification techniques have gained widespread acceptance as a method of obtaining a low-order model from data. These are based on using the singular-value decomposition as a means of estimating the underlying system order and extracting a basis for the extended observability space. In the presence of noise rank determination becomes difficult and the low rank estimates lose the structure required for exact realizability. Furthermore the noise corrupts the singular values in a manner that is inconsistent with physical noise processes. These problems are addressed by an optimization based approach using a nuclear norm minimization objective. By using Hankel matrices as the underlying data structure exact realizability of the low rank system models is maintained. Noise in the data enters the formulation linearly, allowing for the inclusion of more realistic noise weightings. A cumulative spectral weight is presented and shown to be useful in estimating models from data corrupted via noise. A numerical example illustrates the characteristics of the problem.
Puttin’ on the Sting: Women Police Officers' Perspectives on Reverse Prostitution Assignments

Reverse police prostitution stings, which target men by using female police officers as decoy prostitutes, are becoming a common method in some United States cities for controlling the problem of solicitation for prostitution. The role of policewomen as decoys has received scant attention by scholars, though critics and traditional feminists view the practice as further evidence of the subjection and degradation of women in law enforcement. This article presents participant field observations of how reverse prostitution operations are conducted in Aurora, Colorado Springs, and Denver, Colorado and qualitative interview data from 25 female police officers who discuss their experiences as prostitution decoys. The findings indicate that female officers view the decoy role as an exciting opportunity for undercover work, despite the negative connotations of acting like a whore. According to the officers who work as decoys, it adds excitement and variety and offers potential for other opportunities for advancement within the police department in contrast to the rather mundane duties often associated with patrol.