Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncovering Planetary Nebulae in Early-Type Galaxies using the Rutgers Fabry-Pérot

We report on observations of four early-type galaxies performed with the Rutgers Fabry-Pérot in order to search for planetary nebulae (PNe) in these systems. The aim is to use the PNe as kinematic tracers of the galaxy potential. We describe our data reduction and analysis procedure and show that the proper calibration of our detection statistic is crucial in getting down to our limiting magnitude of m5007 = 26.1. In the case of the two Leo galaxies, we find moderately sized samples: 54 PNe in NGC 3379 and 50 PNe in NGC 3384; NGC 4636 (two PNe) and NGC 1549 (six PNe) are included for completeness. We present our samples in tabular form, as well as the spectrum for each PN. We constructed simple nonparametric spherical mass models for NGC 3379 using a Monte Carlo Markov chain method to explore the space of likely mass models. We find a remarkably constant mass-to-light ratio within five half-light radii with an overall B-band mass-to-light ratio of ∼5. A simple mass-to-light ratio estimate for NGC 3384 yields ϒB ∼ 11, but it is likely an overestimate.
Schizophrenic responses to the Proverbs Test: abstract, concrete, or autistic?

A recent study by Shimkunas, Gynther, and Smith (1966) demonstrated that concrete or literal interpretations of proverbs are poor predictors of psychopathology in schizo- phrenia. The findings cast doubt on the abil- ity of proverbs to assess the purported loss of abstracting function in the thought disorder. These investigators found that intelligence, rather than degree of illness, was the primary correlate of both abstractness and concrete- ness in proverb responses. Furthermore, the study showed that only patients having av- erage through superior IQs improved in ab- stracting ability over several weeks of hos- pital treatment, while patients with below average intelligence did not change on this measure. These negative findings . have suggested an abandonment of the abstract-concrete dichot- omy with respect to proverb interpretation. Buss and Lang (1965), in reviewing many recent studies of the cognitive processes of
Detection of Concealed Individuals Based on Their Vital Signs by Using a See-Through-Wall Imaging System With a Self-Injection-Locked Radar

This paper presents a self-injection-locked (SIL) radar with ranging and tracking capabilities to see through walls for discovering hidden people. Characterized by low complexity and high sensitivity, the proposed SIL radar merges the frequency-modulated continuous-wave and sum-difference pattern detection approaches to determine the distance and azimuth from the radar to each individual in a scene behind a wooden partition wall. An individual can be distinguished from a stationary object by using dynamic spectral subtraction to extract human motions or vital signs. Additionally, two or more individuals can be distinguished from each other by decomposing the Doppler signal into contributions of individuals in a polar domain. Consequently, a see-through-wall imaging system is constructed with the proposed SIL radar to position different individuals concealed behind a wall.
Convex Lattice Polygons

Let n ≥ 3 be an integer. A convex lattice n-gon is a polygon whose n vertices are points on the integer lattice Z 2 and whose interior angles are strictly less than π. Let a n denote the least possible area enclosed by a convex lattice n-gon, then [1, 2, 3] {a n } ∞ n=3 = n 1 2
Null Models and Modularity Based Community Detection in Multi-Layer Networks

Multi-layer networks are networks on a set of entities (nodes) with multiple types of relations (edges) among them where each type of relation/interaction is represented as a network layer. As with single layer networks, community detection is an important task in multi-layer networks. A large group of popular community detection methods in networks are based on optimizing a quality function known as the modularity score, which is a measure of presence of modules or communities in networks. Hence a first step in community detection is defining a suitable modularity score that is appropriate for the network in question. Here we introduce several multi-layer network modularity measures under different null models of the network, motivated by empirical observations in networks from a diverse field of applications. In particular we define the multi-layer configuration model, the multi-layer expected degree model and their various modifications as null models for multi-layer networks to derive different modularities. The proposed modularities are grouped into two categories. The first category, which is based on degree corrected multi-layer stochastic block model, has the multi-layer expected degree model as their null model. The second category, which is based on multi-layer extensions of Newman-Girvan modularity, has the multi-layer configuration model as their null model. These measures are then optimized to detect the optimal community assignment of nodes. We compare the effectiveness of the measures in community detection in simulated networks and then apply them to four real networks.
The Pricing Discount for Limited Liquidity: Evidence from the Swx Swiss Exchange and the NASDAQ

We investigate the pricing discount for limited liquidity. Unlike previous studies that have examined the relation between historical returns and liquidity, ours looks directly at current stock prices. This approach requires less data and yields up-to-date information about limited liquidity discounts. We analyze data from the SWX Swiss Exchange and the NASDAQ during 1995-2001, and find a statistically and economically significant price-liquidity relation in both markets. We test the robustness of that relation with a procedure that does not rely on specific distributional assumptions. Our findings are unaffected. Accordingly, the discount suffered by the least liquid securities is about 30%.
Stereotactic tractotomy in the surgical treatment of mental illness

It must be accepted that the principle of surgical treatment in mental illness is regarded with disfavour by certain psychiatrists, for the disappointing results produced by the extensive destruction of the frontal white matter in the old standard leucotomy are not readily forgotten. Of the large number of operations which were performed in the early years two-thirds were upon schizophrenics, a group which yield the least satisfactory results, fewer than one fifth making a good recovery and only one third being ultimately discharged from hospital. Patients in whom the operation failed therefore tended to accumulate in mental hospitals and they form an increasing source of discouragement to psychiatrists (Pippard, 1962). Against this background the good results claimed for modern selective operations in the treatment of psychoneurosis are sometimes regarded with scepticism. The introduction of new forms of drug treatment led to the suggestions that within a few years the need for surgical treatment would be eliminated, yet, although drug treatment has been very successful, there are still a number of patients both in psychiatric out-patient departments and in mental hospitals who continue to be crippled with chronic or recurrent symptoms despite the use of all available methods other than surgery. Therefore there is still a substantial demand for the so-called psycho-surgical procedures in the treatment of some types of intractable psychosis. Our surgical procedure has, however, changed in recent years owing to the addition of a new method of stereotactic operation to the already existing methods of treatment. Thus between the years 1950 and 1965 we carried out over 550 restricted orbital undercutting operations (Knight and Tredgold, 1955). This consists of forming an incision in each frontal lobe extending backwards for a distance of 6 cm. from each frontal pole in the subcortical white matter immediately above the orbital cortex; each incision is 1 8 cm. wide and lies 1 cm. above the level of the orbital roof, the medial margin of the cut extending to within 1 cm. of the middle line (see Fig. IB). The terminal 2 cm. of the incision enters the substantia innominata beneath the head of the caudate nucleus and here overlies the agranular cortex of area 13 which commences at a point 4 cm. from the frontal pole and extends posteriorly to a distance of 6-3 cm. from the tip of the pole (Beck, 1949) (Fig. IlA). Although the results of this operation were usually good (Table I) some of our experiences indicated that it was the posterior part of this incision in the substantia innominata (Fig. 2) which was specially concerned with the best therapeutic effects (Knight, 1960), and for this reason we de'veloped in 1961 a stereotactic method directed towards making some small destructive lesions solely in this area. It appeared probable that such a procedure would provide a good clinical result, at the same time reducing
Who Dreams of the Deceased? The Roles of Dream Recall, Grief Intensity, Attachment, and Openness to Experience

This research addressed the question of why some bereaved individuals dream of the deceased whereas others do not. Two studies were conducted. In one, participants were 268 U.S. residents (150 men, 116 women, 1 other, and 1 undisclosed), with an age range of 20 to 70 (M = 33.8), who had lost a romantic partner or spouse in the previous 12 to 24 months. The second study had 162 U.S. residents (88 men and 74 women), aged 18 to 63 (M = 32.1), whose dog or cat had died in the previous 6 months. In both studies, participants completed online questionnaires assessing frequency of dreams of the deceased, general dream recall, consistency of dream recall, themes in dreams of the deceased, grief intensity, attachment to the deceased, and the personality variable of openness to experience. Path analyses found that in both studies frequency of dream recall showed direct effects on dreaming of the deceased, and in the pet loss study, grief intensity and openness to experience also showed direct effects. However, in both studies, grief intensity, openness to experience, and attachment all showed indirect effects either through dream recall (in the case of grief and openness to experience) or through grief intensity and dream recall (in the case of attachment). It is also noteworthy that, in both studies, those who recalled dreams of the deceased endorsed more positive themed dreams of the deceased, which contrasts both with “ordinary” dreaming and with posttraumatic dreams.
Workplace favouritism, psychological contract violation and turnover intention: Moderating roles of authentic leadership and job insecurity climate

The multilevel investigation examines the impacts of favouritism on non-beneficiaries’ turnover intention by focusing on the mediating role of psychological contract violation and the moderating roles of job insecurity climate and authentic leadership in family firms. Congruent with the theories of relative deprivation, belongingness, and social identity, this paper is among the first to propose and empirically examine how and when favouritism leads to higher or lower turnover intention in family firms. Having utilized time-lagged data from 576 non-beneficiaries who came from 101 work groups in 48 family firms in Turkey, our findings support the following: the significance of favouritism by demonstrating that non-beneficiaries’ turnover intentions are higher in family firms when they perceive favouritism to be high; favouritism in family firms positively influences psychological contract violation; psychological contract violation acts as a mediator of the association between favouritism and non-beneficiaries’ turnover intention; and both job insecurity climate and AL act as moderators of the relationship between favouritism and turnover intention. The theoretical and practical contributions of these findings are discussed.
Map of the synapses onto layer 4 basket cells of the primary visual cortex of the cat

The pattern of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the inhibitory neurons is largely unknown. We have set out to quantify the major excitatory and inhibitory inputs to layer 4 basket cells from the primary visual cortex of the cat. The synapses formed with the soma, and proximal and distal dendrites, were examined at the light and electron microscopic levels in four basket cells, recorded in vivo and filled with horseradish peroxidase. The major afferents of layer 4 have been well characterised, both at the light and electron microscopic levels. The sizes of the synaptic boutons of the major excitatory inputs to layer 4 from the thalamic relay cells, spiny stellate cells, and layer 6 pyramidal neurons are statistically different. Their distributions were compared to those of the boutons forming asymmetric contacts onto the basket cells, which were assumed to be provided by the same set of excitatory afferents. The best‐fit results showed that about equal numbers of synapses were provided by the layer 6 pyramids (43%) and the spiny stellates (44%), whereas the thalamic afferents contributed only 13%. A similar analysis on the symmetric synaptic input to the basket cells indicated that as much as 79% of the symmetric synapses could have originated from other layer 4 basket cells. Thalamic and spiny stellate synapses were preferentially located on the soma and proximal dendrites, regions that also had 76% of all the symmetric contacts. J. Comp. Neurol. 380: 230–242, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), Theta 1 (GSTT1), and Pi 1 (GSTP1) Genes and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk

Background: Exposure of ovarian cells to estrogen, which is detoxified by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), has been associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) development. Objectives: We tested in this study whether the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms alter the risk of EOC. Materials and methods: Genomic DNA from 132 EOC patients and 132 controls was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The differences between groups were analyzed by χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. Results: The frequencies of GSTP1 Ile/Ile (57.6% versus 45.5%, P = 0.03), GSTM1 null plus GSTP1 Ile/Ile (43.5% versus 25.8%; P = 0.03) and GSTM1 null plus GSTT1 null plus GSTP1 Ile/Ile (30.3% versus 7.7%; P = 0.007) genotypes were higher in patients than in controls. Individuals with the respective genotypes had a 1.80 (95% CI: 1.06–3.06), 2.38 (95% CI: 1.08–5.24) and 11.28 (95%CI: 1.95–65.30)-fold increased risks of EOC than those with the remaining genotypes. Conclusions: Our data present preliminary evidence that GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, particularly in combination, constitute important inherited EOC determinants in individuals from Southeastern Brazil.
Effect of nodal status on clinical outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer: a population-based study using the SEER 18 database

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010–2012) were used to identify 10,771 patients with TNBC, and we assessed the effects of lymph node (LN) status on breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). In our study, a Kaplan-Meier plot showed that LN-negative patients (N0) had better survival outcomes than LN-positive patients and that patients with ≥10 positive LNs (N3) exhibited the worst survival outcomes regardless of tumor size. A pairwise comparison showed no difference in survival outcomes among each group stratified by tumor size. Further, for LN-positive patients with a tumor size ≤2 cm (T1) or >5 cm (T3), there were similar outcomes between patients with one to three LNs (N1) and those with four to nine LNs (N2), whereas N1 patients experienced significantly better survival outcomes than N3 patients (P<0.001). Therefore, ten metastatic lymph nodes was the cut-off value for poor prognosis. Nevertheless, for patients with a tumor size of 2-5 cm (T2), the extent of LN involvement contributed prognostic value to OS but not BCSS. In summary, we found that nodal status and tumor size exhibited distinct interaction patterns for predicting the outcomes of TNBC. These results provide deeper insight into the prognostic value of nodal status in TNBC.
COMPARATIVE ASYMPTOTICS FOR PERTURBED ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS

Let {Φn}n∈N0 and {Φn}n∈N0 be such systems of orthonormal polynomials on the unit circle that the recurrence coefficients of the perturbed polynomials Φn behave asymptotically like those of Φn. We give, under weak assumptions on the system {Φn}n∈N0 and the perturbations, comparative asymptotics as for Φn(z)/Φ ∗ n(z) etc., Φ ∗ n(z) := z Φn( 1 z ), on the open unit disk and on the circumference mainly off the support of the measure σ with respect to which the Φn’s are orthonormal. In particular these results apply if the comparative system {Φn}n∈N0 has a support which consists of several arcs of the unit circumference, as in the case when the recurrence coefficients are (asymptotically) periodic.
LENDING RELATIONSHIPS AND BANK MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

Using a unique Norwegian dataset, which combines information on companies’ bank accounts, annual accounts and bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As), we find evidence that such M&As reduce credit availability and worsen borrowing terms for nontransparent firms. Since, due to information asymmetries, such firms are typically more dependent on bank lending relationships, our results indicate that these relationships are advantageous for borrowing firms, and, conversely, the results are not consistent with the presence of a lock-in effect due to an information monopoly by the relationship lender. Date: This version: January 15, 2010.
Potentiation of Antibiofilm Activity of Amphotericin B by Superoxide Dismutase Inhibition

This study demonstrates a role for superoxide dismutases (Sods) in governing tolerance of Candida albicans biofilms to amphotericin B (AmB). Coincubation of C. albicans biofilms with AmB and the Sod inhibitors N,N′-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) or ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) resulted in reduced viable biofilm cells and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as compared to incubation of biofilm cells with AmB, DDC, or ATM alone. Hence, Sod inhibitors can be used to potentiate the activity of AmB against C. albicans biofilms.
Economic analysis of production and physibility of sweet orange garden in Jalna district of Maharastra.

The present study was undertaken to estimate the cost and return per hectare, the economic feasibility of investment of the sweet orange fruit crop the study pertained to the year 2008. The study was based on data collected from 120 farmers selected from two talukas viz. , Ambad and Ghansawangi from Jalna district. It was observed that per hectare sweet orange production were 180 q ha -1 in the small garden followed by 166 and 161-q ha -1 in medium and large sweet orange grower. Thus, total investment per hectare in sweet orange garden was Rs.359587/-. It was observed that the net present worth was Rs.96181/- and internal rate of return it was 17.36 per cent and the Benefit: Cost Ratio was 1.18 in sweet orange garden the internal rate of return was greater than opportunity cost. Benefit: cost ratio was more than one in the project hence, the investment could be recovered. The net profit was highest (Rs. 44946/-) in medium sweet orange garden followed that the Rs.39117/- and Rs.38371/- in small and large sweet orange garden, respectively. The overall net profit of sweet orange garden was Rs.40811/-.
Faculty Commitment to Performance Based Funding for Academic Programs.

Higher education institutions receiving public financial support are accountable to the governmental bodies providing their funding. The current accountability movement has generated demands for greater effectiveness and efficiency from public higher education institutions. A recent manifestation of this movement is performance-based funding that links budgetary allocations to the attainment of certain indicators. Using a survey, this study explored intrinsic and extrinsic faculty motivators for compliance with performance-based funding indicators. Indicators closely related to the traditional mission of community colleges showed higher level of faculty commitment. Indicators more oriented to State priorities showed lower level of faculty commitment.
Implicit Theories, Working Memory, and Cognitive Load: Impacts on Creative Thinking

Creative thinking shares many characteristics with traditional complex tasks. We investigated whether implicit theories of creativity would affect creative thinking in a way similar to the impact of implicit theories of intelligence on academic tasks. We altered participants’ theories of creativity to be either more incremental or more entity-like. We also examined the impact of working memory (WM) and cognitive load on creative thinking. Cognitive load fully mediated the relationship between implicit theories and creative thinking, with more incremental beliefs linked to lower cognitive load. In addition, cognitive load partially mediated the relationship between WM and creative thinking. Our results support prior research showing that creative thinking draws on cognitive mechanisms similar to those utilized by other complex tasks, but the impact of implicit theories on creative thinking differs from their effect on traditional academic tasks.
A PET Exploration of the Neural Mechanisms Involved in Reciprocal Imitation

Imitation is a natural mechanism involving perception-action coupling which plays a central role in the development of understanding that other people, like the self, are mental agents. PET was used to examine the hemodynamic changes occurring in a reciprocal imitation paradigm. Eighteen subjects (a) imitated the actions of the experimenter, (b) had their actions imitated by the experimenter, (c) freely produced actions, or (d) freely produced actions while watching different actions made by the experimenter. In a baseline condition, subjects simply watched the experimenter's actions. Specific increases were detected in the left STS and in the inferior parietal cortex in conditions involving imitation. The left inferior parietal is specifically involved in producing imitation, whereas the right homologous region is more activated when one's own actions are imitated by another person. This pattern of results suggests that these regions play a specific role in distinguishing internally produced actions from those generated by others.
X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF THERMAL CONDITIONS OF THE HOT PLASMAS IN THE CENTAURUS CLUSTER

X-ray data of the Centaurus cluster, obtained with XMM-Newton for 45 ks, were analyzed. Deprojected EPIC spectra from concentric thin-shell regions were reproduced equally well by a single-phase plasma emission model, or by a two-phase model developed by ASCA, both incorporating cool (1.7–2.0 keV) and hot (∼ 4 keV) plasma temperatures. However, EPIC spectra with higher statistics, accumulated over three-dimensional thick-shell regions, were reproduced better by the two-phase model than by the singe-phase one. Therefore, hot and cool plasma phases are inferred to co-exist in the cluster core region within ∼ 70 kpc. The iron and silicon abundances of the plasma were reconfirmed to increase significantly toward the center, while that of oxygen was consistent with being radially constant. The implied nonsolar abundance ratios explain away the previously reported excess X-ray absorption from the central region. Although an additional cool (∼ 0.7 keV) emission was detected within ∼ 20 kpc of the center, the RGS data gave tight upper limits on any emission with temperatures below ∼ 0.5 keV. These results are compiled into a magnetosphere model, which interprets the cool phase as confined within closed magnetic loops anchored to the cD galaxy. When combined with the so-called Rosner–Tucker–Vaiana mechanism which applies to solar coronae, this model can potentially explain basic properties of the cool phase, including its temperature and thermal stability.