Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Costimulatory Signaling Sulfamethoxazole Stimulate Dendritic Cell Sulfamethoxazole and Its Metabolite Nitroso

Different signals in addition to the antigenic signal are required to initiate an immunological reaction. In the context of sulfamethoxazole allergy, the Ag is thought to be derived from its toxic nitroso metabolite, but little is known about the costimulatory signals, including those associated with dendritic cell maturation. In this study, we demonstrate increased CD40 expression, but not CD80, CD83, or CD86, with dendritic cell surfaces exposed to sulfamethoxazole (250–500 (cid:1) M) and the protein-reactive metabolite nitroso sulfamethoxazole (1–10 (cid:1) M). Increased CD40 expression was not associated with apoptosis or necrosis, or glutathione depletion. Covalently modiﬁed intracellular proteins were detected when sulfamethoxazole was incubated with dendritic cells. Importantly, the enzyme inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole prevented the increase in CD40 expression with sulfamethoxazole, but not with nitroso sulfamethoxazole or LPS. The enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and myeloperoxidase catalyzed the conversion of sulfamethoxazole to sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine. Myeloperoxidase was expressed at high levels in dendritic cells. Nitroso sulfamethoxazole immunogenicity was inhibited in mice with a blocking anti-CD40L Ab. In addition, when a primary nitroso sulfamethoxazole-speciﬁc T cell response using drug-naive human cells was generated, the magnitude of the response was enhanced when cultures were exposed to a stimulatory of Immunology, 2007, 178: 5533–5542.
The absence of fathers in child and family welfare practice

Fathers and father figures in child and family welfare have been a neglected topic and focus of social research and interest in Australia. Yet fathers are more than ever being recognised as being a key to the functioning of the family, mostly driven by social policy trends to include fathers more in family life. The absence or the lack of presence of fathers in child and family welfare practice has not been viewed in the literature as a problem for men but as a problem and injustice to women. This is because they are ultimately the ones carrying the burden of care and so are subjected to child protection investigation when there are reports of child abuse. By looking at the diverse dimensions of fatherhood, it is contended that there is no definitive discourse regarding fatherhood in the same way as it is suggested about motherhood. Whoever these fathers are and whichever ethnic group or culture they may originate from, it is argued that they have been ignored or avoided in child and family welfare practice settings. This study examines child and family social and health workers own experiences of fathers and father figures in their daily practice. The study was exploratory and qualitative in its approach and design, which incorporated a Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM). Both semi-structured interviews and a survey questionnaire were conducted with child and family welfare professionals. The themes explored related to the literature on fathers in health and family welfare and father involvement, particularly focusing on the concept of father absence in practice. The substantive theory which emerged from the data, explains the process that occurred when social welfare and health professionals were asked to discuss their experiences of fathers in their practice. Not knowing fathers emerged as the core category that arose from the data and represented the complexity that practitioners expressed when they were asked about their professional experiences with fathers. This core category subsequently led to the psychosocial problem being studied which was the absence of fathers from their practice. This psychosocial problem developed from four key influencing factors that emerged from analysis of the data. These four key influencing factors were: the absence of practice theories, the absence of service knowledge, the absence of engagement opportunities and the absence of alternatives to their personal biographies. The findings in this study have important implications for social work practice as well as other professionals working with children and families. The major findings of this study suggested that more needs to be done to address the gap between practice and theory about gender, and in particular, how it is constructed in child and family welfare services. Appropriate support systems, which include making changes to agencies‘ practices with fathers, as well as appropriate training and education in working with fathers and men, needs to be available to practitioners to help facilitate effective practice with mothers, women, fathers and children respectively.
Medication Treatment for Smoking Cessation in Patients with Comorbid Medical or Psychiatric Problems during Substance Use Rehabilitation

Introduction: Patients with substance use disorders smoke a higher rate than the general population, and have more difficulties with smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of smoking cessation medications improved the rate of smoking reduction or cessation during substance use rehabilitation treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of 643 medical records was conducted of patients admitted between 2009 and 2011 to a Veterans Administration residential substance use treatment program. All patients with nicotine use disorder patients (82%) were offered smoking cessation medications for nicotine use disorder and were referred to smoking cessation classes. Self-report of smoking reduction or cessation during treatment was charted. Bivariate statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted using either smoking cessation or smoking reduction as the dependent variable and was performed in SPSS. Results: Significantly more patients who used smoking cessation medications reported smoking reduction (72% vs. 11%), χ2 (1, N=526)=201.3, p<0.000 and smoking cessation (11% vs. 2%), χ2 (1, N=526)=18.3, p<0.000 during treatment. Factors associated with smoking reduction using binary logistic regression analysis with smoking cessation as the dependent variable included: Use of smoking cessation medications (OR=28.6, p<0.00), treatment completion (OR=7.6, p<0.00), presence of dental problems (OR=2.1, p=0.03), and presence of back pain (OR=1.74, p=0.04). Smoking cessation was associated with use of smoking cessation medications (OR=5.1, p<0.00), older age (OR=1.1, p=0.01), treatment completion (OR=6.3, p=0.02), and the number of non-felony convictions (OR=1.1, p=0.01) using smoking cessation as the dependent variable in binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Free access to smoking cessation medications appears to enhance smoking reduction and cessation during residential substance use treatment. Limitations of the study include the fact that reduction or cessation was based on self-report and that this was a retrospective record review, not a randomized, controlled trial.
A Study of CRM Implementation in Financial Industry

This paper presents a project management model for customer relationship management projects for the financial service industry. Key findings from a survey of both financial institutes and software vendors are then presented. It is suggested that a good communication management can increase the success rate of CRM projects. The other important areas are scope management, quality management, time management and project planning, although their performance is below expectation.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 1-1-2010 PRIVACY ASSURANCE AND NETWORK EFFECTS IN THE ADOPTION OF LOCATION-BASED SERVICES : AN IPHONE EXPERIMENT

The use of geospatially aware mobile devices and applications is increasing, along with the potential for the unethical use of personal location information. For example, iPhone "apps" often ask users if they can collect location data in order to make the program more useful. The purpose of this research is to empirically examine the significance of this new and increasingly relevant privacy dimension. Through a simulation experiment, we examine how the assurance of location information privacy (as well as mobile app quality and network size) influences users' perceptions of location privacy risk and the utility associated with the app which, in turn, affects their adoption intentions and willingness-to-pay for the app. The results indicate that location privacy assurance is of great concern and that assurance is particularly important when the app’s network size is low or if its quality cannot be verified.
University language policies in Estonia and Sweden: exploring the interplay between English and national languages in higher education

ABSTRACT As universities seek to become more international, their need to engage with a wider range of languages, particularly English, seems more prominent. At the same time, universities are also regarded by many stakeholders as key institutions to preserve a given national language and culture. This apparent tension makes universities a fruitful ground to explore relevant issues of language policymaking. This paper analyses language policies in higher education in two northern European countries, Sweden and Estonia. Applying qualitative content analytical tools, we tackle the following questions: (1) what major themes emerge from the analysis of institutional language policy documents in Estonia and Sweden? and (2) how is English perceived in relation to other languages? Our analysis shows that, despite their different historical and sociopolitical trajectories, universities in the two countries tend to adopt similar stances vis-à-vis their language policy developments. There also exist, however, different nuances in approaching the language question, which we interpret as being the result of the particular cultural backgrounds of each country.
Faces in Context: A Review and Systematization of Contextual Influences on Affective Face Processing

Facial expressions are of eminent importance for social interaction as they convey information about other individuals’ emotions and social intentions. According to the predominant “basic emotion” approach, the perception of emotion in faces is based on the rapid, automatic categorization of prototypical, universal expressions. Consequently, the perception of facial expressions has typically been investigated using isolated, de-contextualized, static pictures of facial expressions that maximize the distinction between categories. However, in everyday life, an individual’s face is not perceived in isolation, but almost always appears within a situational context, which may arise from other people, the physical environment surrounding the face, as well as multichannel information from the sender. Furthermore, situational context may be provided by the perceiver, including already present social information gained from affective learning and implicit processing biases such as race bias. Thus, the perception of facial expressions is presumably always influenced by contextual variables. In this comprehensive review, we aim at (1) systematizing the contextual variables that may influence the perception of facial expressions and (2) summarizing experimental paradigms and findings that have been used to investigate these influences. The studies reviewed here demonstrate that perception and neural processing of facial expressions are substantially modified by contextual information, including verbal, visual, and auditory information presented together with the face as well as knowledge or processing biases already present in the observer. These findings further challenge the assumption of automatic, hardwired categorical emotion extraction mechanisms predicted by basic emotion theories. Taking into account a recent model on face processing, we discuss where and when these different contextual influences may take place, thus outlining potential avenues in future research.
Advances In Pneumatic-Controlled High-Lift Systems Through Pulsed Blowing

Circulation Control technologies have been around for 65 years, and have been successfully demonstrated in laboratories and flight vehicles alike, yet there are few production aircraft flying today that implement these advances. Circulation Control techniques may have been overlooked due to perceived unfavorable trade offs of mass flow, pitching moment, cruise drag, noise, etc. Improvements in certain aspects of Circulation Control technology are the focus of this paper. This report will describe airfoil and blown high lift concepts that also address cruise drag reduction and reductions in mass flow through the use of pulsed pneumatic blowing on a Coanda surface. Pulsed concepts demonstrate significant reductions in mass flow requirements for Circulation Control, as well as cruise drag concepts that equal or exceed conventional airfoil systems.
Applications of hybrid reachability analysis to robotic aerial vehicles

The control of complex non-linear systems can be aided by modeling each system as a collection of simplified hybrid modes, with each mode representing a particular operating regime defined by the system dynamics or by a region of the state space in which the system operates. Guarantees on the safety and performance of such hybrid systems can still be challenging to generate, however. Reachability analysis using a dynamic game formulation with Hamilton—Jacobi methods provides a useful way to generate these types of guarantees, and the technique is flexible enough to analyze a wide variety of systems. This paper presents two applications of reachable sets, both focused on guaranteeing the safety and performance of robotic aerial vehicles. In the first example, reachable sets are used to design and implement a backflip maneuver for a quadrotor helicopter. In the second, reachability analysis is used to design a decentralized collision avoidance algorithm for multiple quadrotors. The theory for both examples is explained, and successful experimental results are presented from flight tests on the STARMAC quadrotor helicopter platform.
Are we asking the right questions? An analysis of research on the effect of teachers’ questioning on children’s language during shared book reading with young children

A review of 20 experimental, shared book reading (SBR) interventions using questioning strategies with preschool children was conducted. The studies were analyzed in terms of their quality, focus, and the questioning strategies employed. Although there were few methodological concerns about the studies conducted, treatment fidelity and replicability of the reported interventions are raised as issues needing attention in future research. The impact of questioning strategies on language and pre- literacy skills tended to be a focus of the reported studies, with little investigation of the development of children's thinking skills through questioning, and there were few attempts to analyze children's responses to different types of questioning techniques. Across the reported studies, there was also a lack of consistency around the terminology associated with different kinds of questioning. The article concludes with discussion of implications for the use of questioning techniques in early childhood education practice and argues for research into the impact of different questioning techniques on children's cognitive development.
Prior Learning and Ways of Knowing

This study explored the relationship between prior learning portfolio development and Kegan’s theory of constructive-developmentalism, i.e., the changes individuals go through in their epistemology or ways of knowing. Of specific concern was whether students who completed a narrative prior learning portfolio through the University Without Walls changed their way of knowing – an indicator of transformative learning – as a result of this process. Findings indicated that some students, though not all, did experience a change in order of mind and that these were related to the prior learning portfolio development process. Suggestions are made regarding avenues for future research and how educators might better foster transformative learning within a student’s current order of mind, enhancing the likelihood of developmental change. Keywords: Prior learning assessment, constructive-developmentalism, ways of knowing, order of mind, transformative learning, subjective-object interview
Table Diversions

Characteristics of existing table macro collections are given. A kaleidoscope of tables—as next best to a taxonomy—is presented. Newly introduced is the class of bordered tables. Variations in print—ruled, nonruled, framed, nonframed, dotted, centered, flushed—can be obtained via the invoke of parameter setting macros; no modification of user mark up. Simultaneous row and column spans, partial rules, and dotted lines are dealt with. The listing of the macro \btable, with auxiliaries, is included.
Messenger RNA Sequence Rather than Protein Sequence Determines the Level of Self-synthesis and Antigen Presentation of the EBV-encoded Antigen, EBNA1

Unique purine-rich mRNA sequences embedded in the coding sequences of a distinct group of gammaherpesvirus maintenance proteins underlie the ability of the latently infected cell to minimize immune recognition. The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, EBNA1, a well characterized lymphocryptovirus maintenance protein has been shown to inhibit in cis antigen presentation, due in part to a large internal repeat domain encoding glycine and alanine residues (GAr) encoded by a purine-rich mRNA sequence. Recent studies have suggested that it is the purine-rich mRNA sequence of this repeat region rather than the encoded GAr polypeptide that directly inhibits EBNA1 self-synthesis and contributes to immune evasion. To test this hypothesis, we generated a series of EBNA1 internal repeat frameshift constructs and assessed their effects on cis-translation and endogenous antigen presentation. Diverse peptide sequences resulting from alternative repeat reading frames did not alleviate the translational inhibition characteristic of EBNA1 self-synthesis or the ensuing reduced surface presentation of EBNA1-specific peptide-MHC class I complexes. Human cells expressing the EBNA1 frameshift variants were also poorly recognized by antigen-specific T-cells. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the mRNA sequences of the corresponding repeat regions of different viral maintenance homologues highlights the high degree of identity between the nucleotide sequences despite very little homology in the encoded amino acid sequences. Based on these combined observations, we propose that the cis-translational inhibitory effect of the EBNA1 internal repeat sequence operates mechanistically at the nucleotide level, potentially through RNA secondary structural elements, and is unlikely to be mediated through the GAr polypeptide. The demonstration that the EBNA1 repeat mRNA sequence and not the encoded protein sequence underlies immune evasion in this class of virus suggests a novel approach to therapeutic development through the use of anti-sense strategies or small molecules targeting EBNA1 mRNA structure.
Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry reveals protein interfaces and distant dynamic coupling effects during the reversible self-association of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody

There is a need for new analytical approaches to better characterize the nature of the concentration-dependent, reversible self-association (RSA) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directly, and with high resolution, when these proteins are formulated as highly concentrated solutions. In the work reported here, hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS) was used to define the concentration-dependent RSA interface, and to characterize the effects of association on the backbone dynamics of an IgG1 mAb (mAb-C). Dynamic light scattering, chemical cross-linking, and solution viscosity measurements were used to determine conditions that caused the RSA of mAb-C. A novel HX-MS experimental approach was then applied to directly monitor differences in local flexibility of mAb-C due to RSA at different protein concentrations in deuterated buffers. First, a stable formulation containing lyoprotectants that permitted freeze-drying of mAb-C at both 5 and 60 mg/mL was identified. Upon reconstitution with RSA-promoting deuterated solutions, the low vs. high protein concentration samples displayed different levels of solution viscosity (i.e., approx. 1 to 75 mPa.s). The reconstituted mAb-C samples were then analyzed by HX-MS. Two specific sequences covering complementarity-determining regions CDR2H and CDR2L (in the variable heavy and light chains, respectively) showed significant protection against deuterium uptake (i.e., decreased hydrogen exchange). These results define the major protein-protein interfaces associated with the concentration-dependent RSA of mAb-C. Surprisingly, certain peptide segments in the VH domain, the constant domain (CH2), and the hinge region (CH1-CH2 interface) concomitantly showed significant increases in local flexibility at high vs. low protein concentrations. These results indicate the presence of longer-range, distant dynamic coupling effects within mAb-C occurring upon RSA.
Circulating Levels of Interleukin-1 Family Cytokines in Overweight Adolescents

Objectives. Obesity and related diseases are dramatically increasing problems, particularly in children and adolescents. We determined circulating levels of different interleukin (IL)-1 family members in normal weight and overweight adolescents. Methods. Seventy male, Caucasian adolescents (13–17 years) were recruited. Thirty-five had a body-mass index (BMI) above the 90th age-specific percentile. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and IL-18 were determined using multiplex-technology. Results. IL-18 concentrations were higher in the overweight group compared to normal weight (161.6 ± 40.7 pg/ml versus 134.7 ± 43.4 pg/ml, P = .009). Concentrations of circulating IL-1β levels were below the detection threshold. IL-18 (R 2:0.355, P < .01) and IL-1ra (R 2:0.287, P < .05) correlated with BMI, whereas IL-1α did not. Conclusions. Accumulating data indicate the importance of the endocrine function of adipose tissue for the pathophysiological consequences of obesity-related co-morbidities. Since IL-18 is involved in the pathogenesis of different cardiovascular diseases, we conclude that IL-18 may represent a link between obesity and related co-morbidities in children and adolescents.
Metabolic Co-operation between Biochemically Marked Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture

SUMMARY Cells of a genetic variant of the hamster fibroblast line BHK 21 which lack inosinic pyrophosphorylase activity {IPP~ cells) and therefore cannot normally incorporate [ 3 H]hypo-xanthine were grown in mixed culture with cells of BHK 21 sublines which have inosinic pyrophosphorylase activity (IPP + cells). If not in contact with IPP + cells, 1PP~ cells do not incorporate added [ 3 H]hypoxanthine into nucleic acid. JPP + cells always do incorporate [ 3 H]hypoxanthine and IPP~ cells when in direct or indirect contact with IPP + cells also incorporate the isotope. Cell to cell contact appears to be essential for this gain of a metabolic function by IPP~ cells. The possible molecular basis and general implications of the phenomenon are discussed.