Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distraction Osteogenesis in the Management of Severe Maxillary Hypoplasia in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

The aim of this study was to systematically review literature reporting on the use of external distraction osteogenesis (DO) and internal DO in the treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia in cleft and palate patients. Literature research has been performed using the PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health from 1966 to August 2007. We used cleft lip and palate and distraction osteogenesis as key words. Of the 104 articles found, we only considered the Anglo-Saxon literature, which reported on the correction of the maxillary hypoplasia with DO techniques. A total of 32 studies reported on anteroposterior external DO (27 studies on rigid external device and 5 on face mask), 17 studies reported on anteroposterior internal DO, and 3 studies reported on transverse internal DO have been retained for this review. Despite the heterogeneity and methodological limitations of most of the studies, results showed that external DO with rigid external device and internal DO resulted to be a more reliable and accurate technique than the face mask in the management of severe maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate. The current review demonstrated that external and internal DO in the treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia in cleft and palate patients (1) is a reproducible and valuable alternative to standard orthognathic surgery procedures, (2) allows for a global improvement in facial aesthetic, (3) allows a maxillary correction in patients during the period of mixed dentition, and (4) allows either for an unchanged or better velopharyngeal function.
Associations Between Media Consumption Habits, Physical Activity, Socioeconomic Status, and Glycemic Control in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between media consumption habits, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and glycemic control in youths with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the cross-sectional study, self-report questionnaires were used to assess media consumption habits, physical activity, and socioeconomic status in 296 children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Clinical data and HbA1c levels were collected. Risk factors were analyzed by multiple regression. RESULTS Youths with type 1 diabetes (aged 13.7 ± 4.1 years, HbA1c 8.7 ± 1.6%, diabetes duration 6.1 ± 3.3 years) spent 2.9 ± 1.8 h per day watching television and using computers. Weekly physical activity was 5.1 ± 4.5 h. Multiple regression analysis identified diabetes duration, socioeconomic status, and daily media consumption time as significant risk factors for glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes duration, socioeconomic status, and daily media consumption time, but not physical activity, were significant risk factors for glycemic control in youths with type 1 diabetes.
Feature extraction and analysis for identifying disruptive events from social media

Disruptive event identification is a concept that is crucial to ensuring public safety regarding large-scale events. Recent work on detecting events from social media shows that although these platforms are used for social purposes, they have been emerging as important source of information. Twitter, as a form of social media, is a popular micro-blogging web application serving hundreds of millions of users. User-generated content can be exploited as a rich source of information for identifying `real-world' disruptive events - events that threaten social safety and security, or could cause disruption to social order. In this paper, we present an in-depth comparison of two types of feature that could be useful for identifying disruptive events: temporal and textual features. On the basis of these features, we investigate the dynamics of event/topic identification over time. We make several interesting observations: first, disruptive events are identifiable regardless of the "influence of the user" discussing them, and over a variety of topics. Second, temporal features play a central role in event detection and hence should not be disregarded or ignored. Third, textual features can be used to improve the overall performance of the event detection. We believe that these findings provide new insights for gathering information around real-world events, in particular for detecting disruptive events.
After the learning is over: factors controlling the selective application of general and particular knowledge

People often have general knowledge about a category as well as knowing some of its members. These forms of knowledge and how they are coordinated in dealing with new stimuli were investigated. Ss were trained twice on the same items, coding them as whole units on some trials and analyzing their typical features on others. In generalization tests, Ss used these forms of knowledge selectively, depending on the type of judgment required but also depending on the perceptual organization of the display, the sequence of activities performed in test, and the demands of concomitant tasks. These test factors caused the Ss to organize a new stimulus as a unit or as a collection of features; in turn, this organization of the stimulus cued whichever representations of prior experience were similar
Exploring the Radical Middle between Theory and Practice: A collaborative self-study of beginning teacher educators

This article is a collaborative self-study of our development as beginning teacher educators over the course of an academic year. A focus of our self-study was our shared interest in the role of theory and of practice in teacher education programs. Theodore taught a philosophy of education course and Shawn taught a practicum supervision course. Both authors share autobiographical excerpts of their teaching contexts and the problems of practice that they encountered. Our analysis suggests that the dichotomy between theory and practice is unhelpful and unproductive for both teacher candidates and teacher educators. Theory and practice are densely interwoven aspects of teaching that can be tacitly separated by coursework in teacher education. We advocate a pedagogy of teacher education that explores the radical middle between theory and practice.
Operations Technology and Organization Structure: An Empirical Reappraisal

A classification of concepts of technology as operations technology, materials technology, and knowledge technology, is proposed. The construction of scales measuring operations technology at an organizational level of conceptualization, makes it possible to test the broad hypothesis that organizational technology is strongly related to organizational structure, by linear and nonlinear correlational analysis. On a stratified sample of diverse organizations in the English midlands, and on a subset of manufacturing organizations, this sweeping "technological imperative" hypothesis was generally not supported in successive tests. Operations technology was, however, associated with some variables, which are similar in that all were job-counts denoting the proportions employed in specified categories. This result, together with a detailed comparison with Woodward's findings in south-east Essex, leads to a reinterpretation of the role of technology. Operations technology is shown to affect only those structural variables immediately impinged on by the workflow. Thus the smaller the organization the more completely its structure is pervaded by the immediate effects of this technology; the larger the organization the more these effects are confined to variables such as the proportions employed in activities that are specifically linked with workflow, and technology is not related to the wider administrative and hierarchical structure. This interpretation, it is suggested, offers a synthesis for the long-standing divergence in organization theory between statements by classical management writers of management principles irrespective of technology, and the stress by behavioral scientists on the relevance of technology.
The Effect of Visual Search Efficiency on Response Preparation

Most models assume that response time (RT) comprises the time required for successive processing stages, but they disagree about whether information is transmitted continuously or discretely between stages. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring when movement-related activity began in the frontal eye field (FEF) of macaque monkeys performing visual search. Previous work showed that RT was longer when visual neurons in FEF took longer to select the target, a finding consistent with prolonged perceptual processing during less efficient search. We now report that the buildup of saccadic movement-related activity in FEF is delayed in inefficient visual search. Variability in the delay of movement-related activity accounted for the difference in RT between search conditions and for the variability of RT within conditions. These findings provide neurophysiological support for the hypothesis that information is transmitted discretely between perceptual and response stages of processing during visual search.
Dynamic synchronizer flip-flop performance in FinFET technologies

The use of fine-grain Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has increased the number of distinct clock domains on a given Network-on-Chip (NoC). This necessitates robust synchronizers to prevent clock domain communication failures, even as FinFET devices have begun to replace planar devices. This paper presents simulation results and comparisons between dynamic (requiring reset) and non-dynamic synchronizer flip-flops implemented in predictive models for both planar technologies and future FinFET technologies. Results demonstrate that synchronizers built with FinFET devices 1) exhibit a tau value which continues to scale with fan-out of four delay and 2) can be improved with forward biasing, but 3) are more sensitive to temperature. Dynamic flip-flops settled metastability fastest when using standard technology voltages, but previously couldn't be used in non-dynamic systems. For this reason, a new synchronizer design is also presented which exploits the benefits of dynamic flip-flops without the need for a dedicated reset signal.
Gaze Path Stimulation in Retrospective Think-Aloud

years, eye tracking has finally started to live up to these expectations, at least in terms of its use in usability laboratories. We know that the user’s gaze path can reveal usability issues that would otherwise go unnoticed, but a common understanding of how best to make use of eye movement data has not been reached. Many usability practitioners seem to have intuitively started to use gaze path replays to stimulate recall for retrospective walk through of the usability test. We review the research on think-aloud protocols in usability testing and the use of eye tracking in the context of usability evaluation. We also report our own experiment in which we compared the standard, concurrent think-aloud method with the gaze path stimulated retrospective think-aloud method. Our results suggest that the gaze path stimulated retrospective think-aloud method produces more verbal data, and that the data are more informative and of better quality as the drawbacks of concurrent think-aloud have been avoided.
Associations of Self-Reported Sleep Quality with Circulating Interferon Gamma-Inducible Protein 10, Interleukin 6, and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Menopausal Women

Introduction Sleep disturbance is very common in menopausal women and poor sleep quality has been linked to systemic inflammation. However, the impact of poor sleep quality on health outcomes of menopausal women remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationships between sleep quality and inflammation in menopausal women. Participants and design This cross-sectional study enrolled 281 healthy women aged 45 to 60 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure quality of sleep. Multiplex assays were used to measure the levels of 9 cytokines in morning fasting plasma samples. Other variables measured in this study included clinical characteristics and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Setting The study was performed at a medical center. Results The 281 participants comprised 79 (28%) perimenopausal women and 202 (72%) postmenopausal women. Global PSQI scores were positively correlated with plasma hs-CRP levels (P = 0.012) and were marginally associated with interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP10), interleukin 6 (IL6), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1β) levels. After adjusting for age, body mass index, menopause duration, and follicle stimulating hormone, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that high PSQI scores and sleep efficiency < 65% were associated with elevated plasma levels of hs-CRP, IP10, and IL6. In addition, sleep duration < 5 hours was associated with high hs-CRP levels. Conclusion Our data show that poor sleep quality and low sleep efficiency are associated with elevated levels of circulating inflammatory factors IP10, IL6 and hs-CRP and that short sleep duration is associated with high levels of hs-CRP in menopausal women. These findings provide novel evidence that poor sleep quality is linked to low-grade systemic inflammation in menopausal women.
School completion targets and the ‘equivalence’ of VET in the Australian context

Located differentially (and to its detriment) within a status hierarchy of knowledge, vocational education has been called upon to satisfy an increasing range of political and social needs, including meeting the needs of industry and government and catering for increasing pupil diversity. Faced with stubbornly immobile rates of school completion in Australia, policy makers have turned to vocational education and training to play a part in achieving higher rates of school completion or its ‘equivalent’. This has been principally in the form of proposing alternative qualifications to the existing senior school certificates and increasing the role played by adult vocational education and training (VET) providers. This article considers the contribution of these various policy initiatives to progress in achieving school completion targets—focusing on current approaches to provision of vocational programmes (both in schools and in other providers), the equivalence of qualifications and the relative strength of non‐school pathways. It questions the integrity of these ‘alternative’ measures of school completion and challenges the notion that VET, delivered within a secondary school subject paradigm, can produce the gains in participation required to reach these targets.
XX/XY System of Sex Determination in the Geophilomorph Centipede Strigamia maritima

We show that the geophilomorph centipede Strigamia maritima possesses an XX/XY system of sex chromosomes, with males being the heterogametic sex. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of sex chromosomes in any geophilomorph centipede. Using the recently assembled Strigamia genome sequence, we identified a set of scaffolds differentially represented in male and female DNA sequence. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we confirmed that three candidate X chromosome-derived scaffolds are present at approximately twice the copy number in females as in males. Furthermore, we confirmed that six candidate Y chromosome-derived scaffolds contain male-specific sequences. Finally, using this molecular information, we designed an X chromosome-specific DNA probe and performed fluorescent in situ hybridization against mitotic and meiotic chromosome spreads to identify the Strigamia XY sex-chromosome pair cytologically. We found that the X and Y chromosomes are recognizably different in size during the early pachytene stage of meiosis, and exhibit incomplete and delayed pairing.
Attentional focus in endurance activity: new paradigms and future directions

After more than 35 years of investigation, research on attentional focus in endurance activity is still mired by a lack of consensus. Specific challenges relate to the conceptualisation of association and dissociation, and discrepancies in methodology, research design, and data collection techniques. This review addresses previously unresolved issues that may limit research findings in this field. Initial concerns include how the endpoint of exercise tasks is defined, how pace is controlled, and the subjects employed within research investigations. An additional objective is to provide direction for future investigations. Traditional views of attentional focus may be limited in their explanatory value. We present a new working model of attentional focus in endurance activity that may more precisely categorise cognitive processes. Finally, research on this topic needs to be grounded in a recognised framework that captures the dynamic nature of human cognition. We propose that existing perspectives are recognised, such as the parallel processing model of pain and the mindfulness approach, and in addition we propose a metacognitive perspective be explored. Means of integrating these conceptual frameworks are suggested to further enhance the understanding of attentional processes in endurance activity.
Orbital magnetism in transition metal systems: The role of local correlation effects

The influence of correlation effects on the orbital moments for transition metals and their alloys is studied by first-principle relativistic density functional theory in combination with the dynamical mean-field theory. In contrast to the previous studies based on the orbital polarization corrections we obtain an improved description of the orbital moments for a wide range of studied systems as bulk Fe, Co and Ni, Fe-Co disordered alloys and 3d impurities in Au. The proposed scheme can give simultaneously a correct dynamical description of the spectral function as well as static magnetic properties of correlated disordered metals.
A novel method of protein secondary structure prediction with high segment overlap measure: support vector machine approach.

We have introduced a new method of protein secondary structure prediction which is based on the theory of support vector machine (SVM). SVM represents a new approach to supervised pattern classification which has been successfully applied to a wide range of pattern recognition problems, including object recognition, speaker identification, gene function prediction with microarray expression profile, etc. In these cases, the performance of SVM either matches or is significantly better than that of traditional machine learning approaches, including neural networks.The first use of the SVM approach to predict protein secondary structure is described here. Unlike the previous studies, we first constructed several binary classifiers, then assembled a tertiary classifier for three secondary structure states (helix, sheet and coil) based on these binary classifiers. The SVM method achieved a good performance of segment overlap accuracy SOV=76.2 % through sevenfold cross validation on a database of 513 non-homologous protein chains with multiple sequence alignments, which out-performs existing methods. Meanwhile three-state overall per-residue accuracy Q(3) achieved 73.5 %, which is at least comparable to existing single prediction methods. Furthermore a useful "reliability index" for the predictions was developed. In addition, SVM has many attractive features, including effective avoidance of overfitting, the ability to handle large feature spaces, information condensing of the given data set, etc. The SVM method is conveniently applied to many other pattern classification tasks in biology.
The European Language Portfolio: structure, origins, implementation and challenges

This article describes the structure, functions and origins of the Council of Europe's European Language Portfolio (ELP); summarizes the scope and findings of the pilot projects (1998–2000) and the measures that have been taken to encourage large-scale implementation in 2001 and beyond; outlines the pedagogical challenge posed by the ELP; and suggests various possibilities for future work.
Differential Impact of LPG-and PG-Deficient Leishmania major Mutants on the Immune Response of Human Dendritic Cells

Background Leishmania major infection induces robust interleukin-12 (IL12) production in human dendritic cells (hDC), ultimately resulting in Th1-mediated immunity and clinical resolution. The surface of Leishmania parasites is covered in a dense glycocalyx consisting of primarily lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and other phosphoglycan-containing molecules (PGs), making these glycoconjugates the likely pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) responsible for IL12 induction. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we explored the role of parasite glycoconjugates on the hDC IL12 response by generating L. major Friedlin V1 mutants defective in LPG alone, (FV1 lpg1-), or generally deficient for all PGs, (FV1 lpg2-). Infection with metacyclic, infective stage, L. major or purified LPG induced high levels of IL12B subunit gene transcripts in hDCs, which was abrogated with FV1 lpg1- infections. In contrast, hDC infections with FV1 lpg2- displayed increased IL12B expression, suggesting other PG-related/LPG2 dependent molecules may act to dampen the immune response. Global transcriptional profiling comparing WT, FV1 lpg1-, FV1 lpg2- infections revealed that FV1 lpg1- mutants entered hDCs in a silent fashion as indicated by repression of gene expression. Transcription factor binding site analysis suggests that LPG recognition by hDCs induces IL-12 in a signaling cascade resulting in Nuclear Factor κ B (NFκB) and Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) mediated transcription. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that L. major LPG is a major PAMP recognized by hDC to induce IL12-mediated protective immunity and that there is a complex interplay between PG-baring Leishmania surface glycoconjugates that result in modulation of host cellular IL12.
The Class‐Delinquency Hypothesis and Juvenile Justice System Bias

This paper addresses the issue of the relationship between social class and delinquency to determine if the discrepancy between findings with official versus selfreport data can he resolved. Methodological suggestions which numerous researchers have suggested might explicate the discrepancy were incorporated. These include the use of a disproportionatc stratified sample to facilitate focus on relativcly serious self-reported delinquent behavior, separate analyses of subscales representing different domains of delinquency, and operationalization of social class by multiple indicators, including some consistent with the concept of an underclass. It was found that only offenses against persons consistently correlate negatively with measures of social class. However, analysis of self-reported contacts with police and courts suggests the presence of social class biases in the juvenile justice process and raises questions concerning the appropriateness of using disproportionate stratified samples in this context.