Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age-Invariance in the Asymmetry of Stimulus-Evoked Emotional Facial Muscle Activity

This study examined possible effects of aging on the lateralization of stimulus-evoked emotional facial muscle activity. Older participants (mean age 68.4 years) and younger participants (mean age 26.4 years) viewed slides of positive, neutral, or negative emotional content. While participants viewed the slides, bilateral electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained from the skin surface over zygomatic and corrugator facial muscles. The participants also made ratings of experienced emotional valence and arousal. Expected patterns of subjective experience and asymmetrical EMG activity were found in response to target stimuli. Greater corrugator muscle activity occurred during presentation of negative stimuli, whereas greater zygomatic muscle activity occurred during presentation of positive stimuli. Consistent with right-hemisphere specialization theories of emotion, left-sided facial EMG activity was consistently greater than that of the right side during presentation of emotional stimuli. However, neither subjective ratings nor EMG patterns showed a significant effect of age group. Such similar patterns of emotional response for the two groups suggest, that the aging process does not produce marked changes in stimulus-evoked emotional experience or in the pattern, magnitude, or lateralization of facial muscle activity associated with emotional states.
WikiRep: Digital Reputation in Virtual Communities

We present a framework for applying digital reputations to collaborative environments, where multiple authors contribute to the same document. In our mechanism readers evaluate a single document, and reputation data derived from the feedbacks affect multiple authors and document versions. The digital reputation encourages contribution and provides motivation for active participation, leading to better quality of the content and to better user experience. Our approach is applicable to user-managed communities, distributed moderation systems, and other collaborative contexts. The underlying ideas of our scheme are: separate ratings for different versions of the same document, inheritance of previous ratings for newer versions, and appropriate allocation of credit to versions and authors. We describe in detail both the algorithms used to compute reputations, and our implementation, WikiRep, a reputation-enabled Wiki application.
The Social Integration and Adjustment of Post-War Immigrants in Montreal and Toronto*

C'est en grande partie a cause de la dualite culturelle au Canada que la politique de I'immigration et le caractere des populations immigrantes y different du modele americain. Un examen des differences d'opinion entre Canadiens francais et Canadiens anglais suggere des hypotheses pour etudier l'integration des immigrants d'apres-guerre etablis a Montreal et a Toronto. Celles-ci peuvent aussi eclairer deux images de la societe, au sujet desquelles persiste une controverse: le creuset, ou se fondent les elements nouveaux, et la mosaique, ou les groupes culturels continuent de se distinguer. Les hypotheses tirees laissaient prEvoir une assimilation plus rapide des immigrants etablis a Toronto. Mais les donnees recueillies lors d'une enquete, faite par la division des recherches eeonomiques et sociales du Ministere de la Citoyennete et de I'immigration grâce a un questionnaire, indiquent une assimilation plus rapide des immigrants a Montreal. Afin d'expliquer ce resultat l'auteur traite, parmi d'autres facteurs, de la similitude entre les immigrants d'apres-guerre et les Canadiens francais au plan culturel.
Analysis of craniofacial morphology changes during aging and their connection with facial age estimation

The aging process affects the structure and appearance of people in different ways. One of such is the change in craniofacial morphology (CM) of individuals. The subject of a person's CM and age estimation is by itself insufficiently researched. Especially on the analysis of children's CM at different ages, because it hasn't been considered thoroughly. This paper will analyze certain characteristics of the CM and their changes during aging from a biometrics perspective, and will also give an overview of previous work on this subject.
Positions in Kinesiology and Physical Education at the College or University Level

Many graduates of doctoral programs in kinesiology and physical education (KPE) pursue positions in higher education. To determine how student interests in KPE are aligned with academic positions and the qualifications for and responsibilities of those positions, we conducted two analyses: (a) of student interest based on a survey of 26 doctoral degree programs from 1997-2000, and (b) of position announcements from 1998-2002 in The Chronicle of Higher Education. Overall, 1,483 positions were found. Results showed that competitive candidates need a doctorate degree or ABD (n = 1,108), college/university (n = 695) or K-12 (n = 316) teaching experience, and a record of or potential for scholarly activity (n = 483). Teaching responsibilities were usually in the position subdiscipline, yet candidates need to be prepared to teach a variety of courses. Nonteaching responsibilities included scholarship (n = 723), service (n = 644), and student advisement (n = 543). Doctoral programs in KPE need to determine the future aspirations of degree candidates and offer them a variety of learning experiences and assessments to prepare qualified candidates for these positions.
The Influences of Course Effort and Outside Activities on Grades in a College Course

The influences of course effort and outside (family, job, social) activities on grades earned in a college course were examined for 230 urban college students. Multiple measurements of hours of work, social and family activities, and course effort were collected over a semester. Path modeling revealed that cumulative GPA and course effort had significant and independent predictive paths with grades. Outside activities did not directly influence course grade. Job activities, however, negatively influenced course grade indirectly through reduced course effort and mediated the influence GPA exerted on course grade. Thus, work demands lessened course effort and lessened GPA-indexed potential for course success. Cumulative GPA positively influenced effort, and effort mediated part of the relation between cumulative GPA and grades.
Generalized Max Pooling

State-of-the-art patch-based image representations involve a pooling operation that aggregates statistics computed from local descriptors. Standard pooling operations include sum- and max-pooling. Sum-pooling lacks discriminability because the resulting representation is strongly influenced by frequent yet often uninformative descriptors, but only weakly influenced by rare yet potentially highly-informative ones. Max-pooling equalizes the influence of frequent and rare descriptors but is only applicable to representations that rely on count statistics, such as the bag-of-visual-words (BOV)and its soft- and sparse-coding extensions. We propose a novel pooling mechanism that achieves the same effect as max-pooling but is applicable beyond the BOV and especially to the state-of-the-art Fisher Vector -- hence the name Generalized Max Pooling (GMP). It involves equalizing the similarity between each patch and the pooled representation, which is shown to be equivalent to re-weighting the per-patch statistics. We show on five public image classification benchmarks that the proposed GMP can lead to significant performance gains with respect to heuristic alternatives.
Future Business Models for Digital Music Services: A Qualitative Research with Industry Experts

This paper investigates future business models for the digital music services from the perspective of different parties in the Dutch music industry. Eight interviews have been conducted with several industry experts who shared their views on a business model that is able to attract more paying users and compete with legal and illegal music services. Analysis revealed that experts think genres and high fidelity quality of music will become niche markets, and consider exclusive content bad for the industry. The respondents are generally positive towards an free adsupported subscription option as they think it is an essential method for growing a larger user base and a good way to compete with illegal downloading. Furthermore, experts believe that a large music collection, video content, good sound quality, high usability and easy music discovery are important values a digital music services should deliver to increase competitiveness. Moreover, partnerships are essential for reaching potential users and no change is expected in the relationship between the current suppliers of music, the collecting societies, and the music services. This research gives an idea of the direction digital music services is going and how the services will operate in the future.
The Application of Data Mining to Build Classification Model for Predicting Graduate Employment

Data mining has been applied in various areas because of its ability to rapidly analyze vast amounts of data. This study is to build the Graduates Employment Model using classification task in data mining, and to compare several of data-mining approaches such as Bayesian method and the Tree method. The Bayesian method includes 5 algorithms, including AODE, BayesNet, HNB, NaviveBayes, WAODE. The Tree method includes 5 algorithms, including BFTree, NBTree, REPTree, ID3, C4.5. The experiment uses a classification task in WEKA, and we compare the results of each algorithm, where several classification models were generated. To validate the generated model, the experiments were conducted using real data collected from graduate profile at the Maejo University in Thailand. The model is intended to be used for predicting whether a graduate was employed, unemployed, or in an undetermined situation.
CD8+-T-Cell Depletion Ameliorates Circulatory Shock in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

ABSTRACT The Plasmodium berghei-infected mouse model is a well-recognized model for human cerebral malaria. Mice infected withP. berghei exhibit (i) metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.3) associated with elevated plasma lactate concentrations, (ii) significant (P < 0.05) vascular leakage in their lungs, hearts, kidneys, and brains, (ii) significantly (P < 0.05) higher cell and serum glutamate concentrations, and (iv) significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean arterial blood pressures. Because these complications are similar to those of septic shock, the simplest interpretation of these findings is that the mice develop shock brought on by the P. berghei infection. To determine whether the immune system and specifically CD8+ T cells mediate the key features of shock during P. berghei malaria, we depleted CD8+T cells by monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment and assessed the complications of malarial shock. P. berghei-infected mice depleted of CD8+ T cells by mAb treatment had significantly reduced vascular leakage in their hearts, brains, lungs, and kidneys compared with infected controls treated with rat immunoglobulin G. CD8-depleted mice were significantly (P < 0.05) protected from lactic acidosis, glutamate buildup, and diminished HCO3−levels. Although the blood pressure decreased in anti-CD8 mAb-treated mice infected with P. berghei, the cardiac output, as assessed by echocardiography, was similar to that of uninfected control mice. Collectively, our results indicate that (i) pathogenesis similar to septic shock occurs during experimental P. bergheimalaria, (ii) respiratory distress with lactic acidosis occurs duringP. berghei malaria, and (iii) most components of circulatory shock are ameliorated by depletion of CD8+ T cells.
Still Hidden from History? The representation of women in recently published history textbooks

abstract The publication in 1991 of the National Curriculum history programmes of study for primary and secondary schools in England was quickly followed by a range of new history textbooks from commercial publishers. In examining the representation of women in these recently published history textbooks, this paper seeks to establish whether these books, designed to support teaching and learning of the history National Curriculum, have built upon equality initiatives introduced a decade or so ago. Are they contributing to the development of history which is more gender balanced? This paper first considers the potential of the history National Curriculum to promote gender equality and then reviews a range of history textbooks designed for pupils aged 11‐13, in the first two years of secondary school; consideration is given to the illustrations, the text and language, activities and exercises, and the authors themselves. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the impact of these classroom resources on in.
Interpretation of Multisensor Remote Sensing Images: Multiapproach Fusion of Uncertain Information

Land cover interpretation using multisensor remote sensing images is an important task that allows the extraction of information that is useful for several applications. However, satellite images are usually characterized by several types of imperfection, such as uncertainty, imprecision, and ignorance. Using additional sensors can help improve the image interpretation process and decrease the associated imperfections. Fusion methods such as the probability, possibility, and evidence methods can be used to combine information coming from these sensors. An extensive literature has accumulated during the last decade to resolve the issue of choosing the best fusion method, particularly for satellite images. In this paper, we present a semiautomatic approach based on case-based reasoning (CBR) and rule-based reasoning, allowing intelligent fusion method retrieval. This approach takes into account the advantage of data stored in the case base, allowing a more efficient processing and a decrease in image imperfections. The proposed approach incorporates three modules. The first is a learning module based on evaluating three fusion methods (probability, possibility, and evidence) applied to the given satellite images. The second looks for the best fusion method using CBR. The last is devoted to the fusion of multisensor images using the method retrieved by CBR. We validate our approach on a set of optical images coming from the Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre 4 and radar images coming from European Remote Sensing Satellite 2 (ERS-2) representing a central Tunisian region.
Attrition in Special Education: Why Teachers Leave the Classroom and Where They Go.

Teachers make their decision to leave the special education classroom for a variety of reasons. Comprehensive reviews of the teacher attrition literature suggest that researchers have been unable to clearly articulate why special education teachers leave the classroom. Furthermore, researchers know little about the effect of teacher attrition on individual schools and school systems because the majority of studies have failed to document teachers' exit paths. In this regard, we conducted phone interviews with 93 randomly selected Florida special education teachers who left the classroom. We designed the interview to determine their reasons for leaving the classroom, their current employment status, and their future career plans. Our results indicate that the largest portion of teachers who leave the classroom do so because they are dissatisfied with conditions of work. In addition, the majority of leavers remain in education. We discuss the implications of these findings for the special education field an.
Impaired Attention in the 3xTgAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Rescue by Donepezil (Aricept)

Several mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with abundant β-amyloid and/or aberrantly phosphorylated tau develop memory impairments. However, multiple non-mnemonic cognitive domains such as attention and executive control are also compromised early in AD individuals. Currently, it is unclear whether mutations in the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau are sufficient to cause similar, AD-like attention deficits in mouse models of the disease. To address this question, we tested 3xTgAD mice (which express APPswe, PS1M146V, and tauP301L mutations) and wild-type control mice on a newly developed touchscreen-based 5-choice serial reaction time test of attention and response control. The 3xTgAD mice attended less accurately to short, spatially unpredictable stimuli when the attentional demand of the task was high, and also showed a general tendency to make more perseverative responses than wild-type mice. The attentional impairment of 3xTgAD mice was comparable to that of AD patients in two aspects: first, although 3xTgAD mice initially responded as accurately as wild-type mice, they subsequently failed to sustain their attention over the duration of the task; second, the ability to sustain attention was enhanced by the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil (Aricept). These findings demonstrate that familial AD mutations not only affect memory, but also cause significant impairments in attention, a cognitive domain supported by the prefrontal cortex and its afferents. Because attention deficits are likely to affect memory encoding and other cognitive abilities, our findings have important consequences for the assessment of disease mechanisms and therapeutics in animal models of AD.
Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains.

Advances in technology and changes in necessary workplace skills have made the ability to think critically more important than ever before, yet there is ample evidence that many adults consistently engage in flawed thinking. Numerous studies have shown that critical thinking, defined as the deliberate use of skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome, can be learned in ways that promote transfer to novel contexts. A 4-part empirically based model is proposed to guide teaching and learning for critical thinking: (a) a dispositional component to prepare learners for efforiful cognitive work, (b) instruction in the skills of critical thinking, (c) training in the structural aspects of problems and arguments to promote transcontextual transfer of critical-thinking skills, and (d) a metacognitive component that includes checking for accuracy and monitoring progress toward the goal.
Student Academic Performance and the Allocation of School Resources: Results from a Survey of Junior Secondary Schools

Since the 1980s, the increasing cost of education has been a global trend, and there is a growing demand for increasing efficiency in different countries. As a result, education economists began focusing on the issue of efficient allocation of educational resources and borrowed production function from economics to study educational production issues in order to provide empirical evidence for maximization of the effectiveness of educational resources. This paper employs the multiple linear regression model to build a model for the relationship between the allocation of educational resources and student academic performance in public junior secondary schools in rural areas of China's western region. It also provides a decision basis for different levels of government and schools to draw educational resources allocation policies for junior secondary schools in rural areas of China's western region and to improve the quality of education.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SELF-ACTIVATION ON SOCIAL COMPARISON ORIENTATION

Statement of Retraction: The following article is being retracted from publication in Social Cognition: "The Effects of Different Types of Self–Activation on Social Comparison Orientation" by Saskia A. Schwinghammer and Diederik A. Stapel, 24(6), 703-722, doi: 10.1521/soco.2006. 24.6. 703 After the Noort Committee determined this article to be fraudulent, the Editor and Publishers of Social Cognition have retracted the article (for further details, please visit the following link: https://www.commissielevelt.nl/). Two studies show that different types of self–activation influence social comparison tendencies differently. A focus on positive self–cognitions (positive self–activation) was found to decrease the need for social comparison information. A focus on negative self–cognitions (negative self–activation) on the other hand, was found to increase this need. Moreover, positive self–activation decreased the need for comparison information relative to neutral self–activation, whereas negative self–activatio.
The values of occupational therapy: Perceptions of occupational therapists in Quebec

Abstract Objective: Recently, there has been increasing interest in the values of occupational therapy and the values held by occupational therapists. A wide range of values has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, despite the fact that values are an important part of professional identity, empirical studies have demonstrated that several occupational therapists possess an ambiguous professional identity. This study was undertaken to explore the values of Canadian occupational therapists, specifically French-speaking occupational therapists in Quebec. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 occupational therapists. Their narratives were subject to hermeneutic analysis, a method of textual analysis common in philosophical research. Results: A total of 16 values were identified in the discourses of the occupational therapists interviewed: autonomy; human dignity; occupational participation; social justice and equity; professionalism; holism; partnership, environment, or ecological approach; quality of life; solicitude; honesty; integrity; health; creativity; professional autonomy; effectiveness; and spirituality. Conclusions: The results of this study are, in general, consistent with those reported in the few other empirical studies that have documented the values perceptions of occupational therapists. Finally, the explanation of the values of occupational therapists may reinforce their professional identity and favour best, or at least desirable, professional practices related to ethics and culture.
Duchenne smiles and the perception of generosity and sociability in faces.

Although Duchenne smiles have been shown to have a social signal value, there is limited evidence as to whether this effect generalises to most positive attributes, or whether it is restricted to a particular social domain. As opposed to non-Duchenne smiles, Duchenne smiles involve the activity of facial muscles in the eye region (orbicularis oculi). The hypothesis that Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles produce different responses in receivers was tested in a face perception experiment. People were asked to rate neutral and smiling faces on ten attributes: attractiveness, generosity, trustworthiness, competitiveness, health, agreeableness, conscien- tiousness, extroversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Results showed that the type of smile had a stronger impact on the ratings of generosity and extroversion. The difference between neutral and smiling was larger when faces showed a Duchenne than a non-Duchenne smile, though the effect of smile type on attributions of generosity appeared to be restricted to male faces. Therefore the Duchenne marker shows some specificity to judgements of altruism and sociability.