Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Signatures of Proliferation and Quiescence in Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Stem cells resident in adult tissues are principally quiescent, yet harbor enormous capacity for proliferation to achieve self renewal and to replenish their tissue constituents. Although a single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can generate sufficient primitive progeny to repopulate many recipients, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that maintain their potency or regulate their self renewal. Here we have examined the gene expression changes that occur over a time course when HSCs are induced to proliferate and return to quiescence in vivo. These data were compared to data representing differences between naturally proliferating fetal HSCs and their quiescent adult counterparts. Bioinformatic strategies were used to group time-ordered gene expression profiles generated from microarrays into signatures of quiescent and dividing stem cells. A novel method for calculating statistically significant enrichments in Gene Ontology groupings for our gene lists revealed elemental subgroups within the signatures that underlie HSC behavior, and allowed us to build a molecular model of the HSC activation cycle. Initially, quiescent HSCs evince a state of readiness. The proliferative signal induces a preparative state, which is followed by active proliferation divisible into early and late phases. Re-induction of quiescence involves changes in migratory molecule expression, prior to reestablishment of homeostasis. We also identified two genes that increase in both gene and protein expression during activation, and potentially represent new markers for proliferating stem cells. These data will be of use in attempts to recapitulate the HSC self renewal process for therapeutic expansion of stem cells, and our model may correlate with acquisition of self renewal characteristics by cancer stem cells.
The demand for private medical insurance in the UK: a cohort analysis.

This paper examines the determinants of the demand for private health insurance in the United Kingdom from 1978 to 1996 using a pseudo-cohort panel. The focus is on the impact of public and private sector quality, generational change, and past purchase on demand. The results indicate that there has been generational change in buying behaviour, that the number of senior doctors employed in the public sector impacts upon demand for the private alternative, and that there is limited impact of habit in purchase. Changes to the structure of labour contracts in the NHS may affect demand for the private alternative.
A Two-tier Overlay Publish/Subscribe System for Sensor Data Stream Using Geographic Based Load Balancing

Publish/Subscribe mechanism is one of key technologies for handling real-time data stream in decentralized environments. While recent studies have showed that publish/subscribe systems should support not only data filtering but also in-network data processing, scalability issue is addressed due to data concentrations on specific nodes. To solve the scalability issue, we propose a Publish/Subscribe system consisting of two-tier overlay network: one overlay network is designed as a geographic overlay network, which is used to maintain fundamental information, on the other hand, data transfer networks are constructed to perform in-network data processing and dynamic load balancing. By using these two networks, we could implement geographic based dynamic subscription reallocation mechanism. This mechanism enables to achieve scalability and avoid data/load concentrations on large-scale Publish/Subscribe systems. We present an evaluation of the our approach through simulation. We compare our approach to another DHT based Publish/Subscribe system, focusing on data transfer during subscription. Our results show that our dynamic subscription reallocation approach avoids data concentration to specific node.
Role of Creative Thinking as an Imperative Tool in Communication at Workplace

Essentially, the world we exist moves on the basis of communication. It is communication that guides or determines our relationship with others. Communication and its affiliated skills shape and mould an individual's career. Communication skills develop personality while at the same time expand the chances of a promising career. Workplaces similarly, are not far beyond the reach. An interesting fact suggests individuals spend almost about three-fourth of their entire working period within an organization. Hence, it is therefore that the selection process of individuals to work in an organization with knowledge of technical skills accompanied by good communication skills during interviews is done thoroughly. Every step taken at workplaces is highly communication dependent. Whether it superior-subordinate transfer of information or peer level or one business organization to another, every connection is communication bound. Not only managers and leaders but also each and every employee involves themselves in daily planning and coordinating process with a large number of team members. With poor communication, the entire process goes astray and massively impacts the whole organization. Most of the communication fails because the ability to think creatively and analyze sensibly lacks. An ability to think sensibly and reflect ideas and thoughts reasonably is an appropriate mode necessary at various contexts in a given workplace. Every day tons of situations arise which needs to be handled properly like making right decisions, solving problems, managing conflicts, leading efficiently, generating ideas and many more. Each step at workplace demands proper communication that stems from creative thinking which defines the existence and sustainability of an individual working in an organization. Today the problem in various organizations across the globe is that employees tend to overlook or disregard the importance of good communication skills and a number of other skills associated with it like creative thinking, critical thinking, emotional intelligence and many more. They have a propensity to refute problems or collect evidences to analyze situations for different purposes and in different contexts and maintain successful relationships at the same time. They neither attempt to recognize the importance of communication nor comprehend the impact that poor or bad communication brings. Hence, the objective of this paper is to delve into the importance of effective communication at work places and to explore the role of creative thinking in various aspects of workplaces mainly while making difficult decisions, solving problems, resolving conflicts, generating innovating ideas and developing leadership skills. The purpose of this paper is to furnish employees with an edge to bridge the gap of communication through creative thinking to mend relationships and save it from being spoiled. The paper also provides space for future scope of research in this domain.
Reducing sea turtle by-catch in pelagic longline fisheries

Reducingby-catchofseaturtlesinpelagiclonglinefisheries,inconcertwithactivitiesto reduce other anthropogenic sources of mortality, may contribute to the recovery of marine turtle populations. Here, we review research on strategies to reduce sea turtle by-catch. Due to the state of management regimes in most longline fisheries, strategies to reduce turtle interactions must not only be effective but also must be commercially viable. Becausemostresearchhasbeeninitiatedonlyrecently,manyresultsarenotyet peer-reviewed, publishedor readily accessible. Moreover, mostexperiments havesmall sample sizes and have been conducted over only a few seasons in a small number of fisheries; many study designs preclude drawing conclusions about the independent effectofsinglefactorsonturtleby-catchandtargetcatchrates;andfewstudiesconsider effects on other by-catch species. In the US North Atlantic longline swordfish fishery, 4.9-cm wide circle hooks with fish bait significantly reduced sea turtle by-catch rates and the proportion of hard-shell turtles that swallowed hooks vs. being hooked in the mouth compared to 4.0-cm wide J hooks with squid bait without compromising commercial viability for some target species. But these large circle hooks might not be effective or economically viable in other longline fisheries. The effectiveness and commercialviabilityofaturtleavoidancestrategymaybefishery-specific,dependingon thesizeandspeciesofturtlesandtargetfishandotherdifferencesbetweenfleets. Testing of turtle avoidance methods in individual fleets may therefore be necessary. It is a priority to conduct trials in longline fleets that set gear shallow, those overlapping the most threatened turtle populations and fleets overlapping high densities of turtles such as those fishing near breeding colonies. In addition to trials using large 4.9-cm wide circlehooksinplaceofsmallerJandJapantunahooks,otherfishingstrategiesareunder assessment. These include: (i) using small circle hooks (£ 4.6-cm narrowest width) in place of smaller J and Japan tuna hooks; (ii) setting gear below turtle-abundant depths; (iii) single hooking fish bait vs. multiple hook threading; (iv) reducing gear soak time and retrieval during daytime; and (v) avoiding by-catch hotspots through fleet communication programmes and area and seasonal closures.
Preclinical Activity of the Oral Proteasome Inhibitor MLN9708 in Myeloma Bone Disease

Purpose: MLN9708 (ixazomib citrate), which hydrolyzes to pharmacologically active MLN2238 (ixazomib), is a next-generation proteasome inhibitor with demonstrated preclinical and clinical antimyeloma activity, but yet with an unknown effect on myeloma bone disease. Here, we investigated its bone anabolic and antiresorptive effects in the myeloma setting and in comparison with bortezomib in preclinical models. Experimental Design: The in vitro effect of MLN2238 was tested on osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors from healthy donors and patients with myeloma, and on osteoprogenitors derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells also from both origins. We used an in vivo model of bone marrow–disseminated human myeloma to evaluate MLN2238 antimyeloma and bone activities. Results: Clinically achievable concentrations of MLN2238 markedly inhibited in vitro osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorption; these effects involved blockade of RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)-induced NF-κB activation, F-actin ring disruption, and diminished expression of αVβ3 integrin. A similar range of MLN2238 concentrations promoted in vitro osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast activity (even in osteoprogenitors from patients with myeloma), partly mediated by activation of TCF/β-catenin signaling and upregulation of the IRE1 component of the unfolded protein response. In a mouse model of bone marrow–disseminated human multiple myeloma, orally administered MLN2238 was equally effective as bortezomib to control tumor burden and also provided a marked benefit in associated bone disease (sustained by both bone anabolic and anticatabolic activities). Conclusion: Given favorable data on pharmacologic properties and emerging clinical safety profile of MLN9708, it is conceivable that this proteasome inhibitor may achieve bone beneficial effects in addition to its antimyeloma activity in patients with myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1542–54. ©2014 AACR.
Is there any need for domain-dependent control information? a reply

In this paper, we consider the role that domain-dependent control knowledge plays in problem solving systems. Ginsberg and Geddis (Ginsberg & Geddis 1991) have claimed that domain-dependent control information has no place in declarative systems; instead, they say, such information should be derived from declarative facts about the domain plus domain-independent principles. We dispute their conclusion, arguing that it is impractical to generate control knowledge solely on the basis of logical derivations. We propose that simplifying abstractions are crucial for deriving control knowledge, and, as a result, empirical utility evaluation of the resulting rules will frequently be necessary to validate the utility of derived control knowledge. We illustrate our arguments with examples from two implemented systems.
Economic dynamics with heterogeneous capital goods.

5 Bridging the gap between growth theory and the new economic geography: The spatial Ramsey model 89 References 125 x Acknowledgements It is a great pleasure to close this thesis after nearly three years working, fighting, searching , and enjoying. I appreciate all the help, the encouragements, the patience, the devotion and the contribution from my family, my professors, and all my friends. First and foremost, I would like to show my gratitude to my adviser, Professor Raouf Boucekkine, for helping me and caring for me. He has taught me, with endless tolerance, how to do economics and how to combine economic ideas in a mathematical way. My appreciation also goes to all the members of my thesis committee, Jacques Thisse, Omar Licandro, Cuong Le Van, and Dominique Peeters for their support, suggestion, remarks and comments. I am in debt to David de la Croix and Vincent Bodart for sharing their genius economic intuition with me. Except chapter 3, all the other chapters profit from cooperated work. Special thanks goes The enjoyable memory of staying, studying and working in IRES, Université catholic de Louvain, Belgium, will live with me for all my life. In particular, I would like to mention Vasilisa de Marcken-Bulgarin, and so on for sharing remarkable moments in many economical and social activities. I would like to say " thank you " to my French professors Robert Paquet and Michel Paquet for your generous, warm-hearted help and courage all this years. At last, but very much important, I would like to show my deeply thanks to my family, Growth theory studies how the per capita of GDP grows in an economy. It is also used intensively to understand the differences in income across countries, and additionally it serves as an insightful basis to design strategies of economic development. Historically, the first growth models are developed by R. Solow(1956), T. Swan(1956), and J. Meade(1961). In these theories the capital stock is taken as homogenous, and technological progress is neutral in the sense that it affects identically all the capital goods independently of their ages. In addition, the considered economies are closed and it is implicitly assumed that technological characteristics are the same in all places, so that there is no geography dimension in these models. In this framework, some important properties can be derived. At the steady-state equilibrium, all ratios – the capital-labor ratio, output per capita and …
Time to Presentation With Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly: Associations With Race, Sex, and Socioeconomic Characteristics

BackgroundAlthough prompt treatment is a cornerstone of the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), prior studies have shown that one fourth of AMI patients arrive at the hospital >6 hours after symptom onset. It would be valuable to identify individuals at highest risk for late arrival, but predisposing factors have yet to be fully characterized. Methods and ResultsData from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project, involving Medicare beneficiaries aged >65 years hospitalized between January 1994 and February 1996 with confirmed AMI, were used to identify patients who presented “late” (≥6 hours after symptom onset). Patient characteristics were tested for associations with late presentation by use of backward stepwise logistic regression. Among 102 339 subjects, 29.4% arrived late. Significant predictors of late arrival (odds ratio, 95% CI) included diabetes (1.11, 1.07 to 1.14) and a history of angina (1.32, 1.28 to 1.35), whereas prior MI (0.82, 0.79 to 0.85), prior angioplasty (0.80, 0.75 to 0.85), prior bypass surgery (0.93, 0.89 to 0.98), and cardiac arrest (0.52, 0.46 to 0.58) predicted early presentation. Additionally, initial evaluation at an outpatient clinic (2.63, 2.51 to 2.75) and daytime presentation (1.67, 1.59 to 1.72) predicted late arrival. Finally, female sex, black race, and poverty, which were evaluated with an 8-level race–sex–socioeconomic status interaction term, were also risk factors for delay. ConclusionsDelayed hospital presentation is a common problem among Medicare beneficiaries with AMI. Factors associated with delay include not only clinical and logistical issues but also race, sex, and socioeconomic characteristics. Education efforts designed to hasten AMI treatment should be directed at individuals with risk factors for late arrival.
An operational definition of primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia allowing early identification of patients who may benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Up to 30% of adults with acute myeloid leukemia fail to achieve a complete remission after induction chemotherapy - termed primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia. There is no universally agreed definition of primary refractory disease, nor have the optimal treatment modalities been defined. We studied 8907 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia, and examined outcomes in patients with refractory disease defined using differing criteria which have previously been proposed. These included failure to achieve complete remission after one cycle of induction chemotherapy (RES), less than a 50% reduction in blast numbers with >15% residual blasts after one cycle of induction chemotherapy (REF1) and failure to achieve complete remission after two courses of induction chemotherapy (REF2). 5-year overall survival was decreased in patients fulfilling any criteria for refractory disease, compared with patients achieving a complete remission after one cycle of induction chemotherapy: 9% and 8% in patients with REF1 and REF2 versus 40% (P<0.0001). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation improved survival in the REF1 (HR 0.58 (0.46–0.74), P=0.00001) and REF2 (HR 0.55 (0.41–0.74), P=0.0001) cohorts. The utilization of REF1 criteria permits the early identification of patients whose outcome after one course of induction chemotherapy is very poor, and informs a novel definition of primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that allogeneic stem cell transplantation represents an effective therapeutic modality in selected patients with primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
VIKOR Technique: A Systematic Review of the State of the Art Literature on Methodologies and Applications

The main objective of this paper is to present a systematic review of the VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method in several application areas such as sustainability and renewable energy. This study reviewed a total of 176 papers, published in 2004 to 2015, from 83 high-ranking journals; most of which were related to Operational Research, Management Sciences, decision making, sustainability and renewable energy and were extracted from the “Web of Science and Scopus” databases. Papers were classified into 15 main application areas. Furthermore, papers were categorized based on the nationalities of authors, dates of publications, techniques and methods, type of studies, the names of the journals and studies purposes. The results of this study indicated that more papers on VIKOR technique were published in 2013 than in any other year. In addition, 13 papers were published about sustainability and renewable energy fields. Furthermore, VIKOR and fuzzy VIKOR methods, had the first rank in use. Additionally, the Journal of Expert Systems with Applications was the most significant journal in this study, with 27 publications on the topic. Finally, Taiwan had the first rank from 22 nationalities which used VIKOR technique.
“And Then My Creativity Took Over”: Productivity of Teacher Adaptations to an Adolescent Literacy Curriculum

Curriculum designers often assume that teachers implement curricula as written, yet research shows that all teachers adapt curricula. Adaptation is especially important in the context of sustained curriculum implementation, as some level of adaptation may be necessary for teachers to feel ownership over a program. However, whereas some adaptations are productive, others undermine program effectiveness. This study identifies, describes, and evaluates adaptations to a literacy intervention curriculum for struggling adolescent readers. Data were collected through observation and interviews of 2 teachers in a school that had sustained implementation of a literacy curriculum after the conclusion of the intervention study. Six focal adaptations were identified—3 from each teacher—and analyzed for productivity. Of the 6 adaptations, only 2 met criteria for productivity. This suggests that making productive adaptations is difficult and that teachers should be supported in productively adapting curricula through educative curriculum materials and effective professional development.
The ATL Transformation-based Model Management Framework

Developers of information systems must typically deal with different models and perform transformations between models. Model management aims at providing techniques and tools for dealing with models and model transformations in automated ways. In this paper, we present the current design of the ATL (Atlas Transformation Language) transformation-based model management framework. The key design decision is that models and model transformations are treated as ﬁrst-class citizen. We consider model management in the general context of the MDA. After reviewing the successive generations of transformation systems, we deﬁne the requirements for the ATL framework and we give an initial ATL deﬁnition. Finally, we describe three representative ATL transformations for two important levels of transformation complexity.
Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND Anatomic studies of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have detected decreased volumes in total and frontal brain, basal ganglia, and cerebellar vermis. We tested these findings in a sample of girls with ADHD. METHODS Anatomic brain magnetic resonance images from 50 girls with ADHD, of severity comparable with that in previously studied boys, and 50 healthy female control subjects, aged 5 to 15 years, were obtained with a 1.5-T scanner with contiguous 2-mm coronal slices and 1.5-mm axial slices. We measured volumes of total cerebrum, frontal lobes, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, cerebellum, and cerebellar vermis. Behavioral measures included structured psychiatric interviews, parent and teacher ratings, and the Wechsler vocabulary and block design subtests. RESULTS Total brain volume was smaller in girls with ADHD than in control subjects (effect size, 0.40; P =.05). As in our previous study in boys with ADHD, girls with ADHD had significantly smaller volumes in the posterior-inferior cerebellar vermis (lobules VIII-X; effect size, 0.54; P =.04), even when adjusted for total cerebral volume and vocabulary score. Patients and controls did not differ in asymmetry in any region. Morphometric differences correlated significantly with several ratings of ADHD severity and were not predicted by past or present stimulant drug exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm previous findings for boys in the posterior-inferior lobules of the cerebellar vermis. The influence of the cerebellar vermis on prefrontal and striatal circuitry should be explored.