Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Repression of Stat6-Dependent Interleukin-4-Induced Genes by BCL-6: Specific Regulation of Iɛ Transcription and Immunoglobulin E Switching

ABSTRACT The BCL-6 proto-oncogene encodes a POZ/zinc-finger transcription factor that is expressed in B cells and a subset of CD4+ T cells within germinal centers. Recent evidence suggests that BCL-6 can act as a sequence-specific repressor of transcription, but the target genes for this activity have not yet been identified. The binding site for BCL-6 shares striking homology to the sites that are the target sequence for the interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced Stat6 (signal transducers and activators of transcription) signaling molecule. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that BCL-6 can bind, with different affinities, to several DNA elements recognized by Stat6. Expression of BCL-6 can repress the IL-4-dependent induction of immunoglobulin (Ig) germ line ɛ transcripts, but does not repress the IL-4 induction of CD23 transcripts. Consistent with the role of BCL-6 in modulating transcription from the germ line ɛ promoter, BCL-6−/−mice display an increased ability to class switch to IgE in response to IL-4 in vitro. These animals also exhibit a multiorgan inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of a large number of IgE+ B cells. The apparent dysregulation of IgE production is abolished in BCL-6−/− Stat6−/− mice, indicating that BCL-6 regulation of Ig class switching is dependent upon Stat6 signaling. Thus, BCL-6 can modulate the transcription of selective Stat6-dependent IL-4 responses, including IgE class switching in B cells.
Well‐being and the accessibility of pleasant and unpleasant concepts

The trait–congruency hypothesis predicts that persons high in positive or negative trait affect more readily process pleasant or unpleasant stimuli, respectively. In two studies, participants were administered measures of personality and affect. Moreover, a yes/no lexical decision task with pleasant, unpleasant and neutral words was administered in Study 1, whereas a go/no‐go task was used in Study 2. Several methods to increase reliabilities of differences in reaction times are explored. Correlations of measures of personality and trait affect with decision times were mostly consistent with the trait–congruency hypothesis, particularly for decision times in the go/no‐go task that measured individual differences in valence‐specific decision times more reliably. The findings suggest that trait‐related concept accessibility is one source of trait congruity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spaces to play/playing with spaces: young people, citizenship and Joan Littlewood

Joan Littlewood is best known for offering re-vitalised textual and visual interpretations of classic plays and for her work with new writers, animating representations of working-class life during the 1950s and early 1960s. This picture of Littlewood's contribution to British theatre has cemented her reputation as one of the foremost directors of her generation, but it is only a partial picture of her cultural innovation. As her engagement in ‘traditional’ theatre waned during the 1960s, Littlewood increasingly directed her energies towards local projects that emphasised cultural democracy, active citizenship and the creative animation of community-based activity and spaces. In particular, during a period of extensive redevelopment around the Theatre Royal, Stratford East, she transformed discarded spaces and waste ground through temporary structures, playgrounds, mini inner-city farms, painting and planting schemes. These activities promoted the importance of children's access to and participation in cultural activity, social encounter and creative play. This article considers the social, cultural and ethical concerns that galvanised these projects. It also examines how Littlewood encouraged young people to interact within the public realm and take responsibility with adults for the creative animation of spaces and what this might mean for the often undervalued nature of children's citizenship.
Work orientations in the job demands-resources model

Purpose – This study aims to examine the role of instrumental vs intrinsic work orientations in the job demands‐resources (JD‐R) model.Design/methodology – Using a sample of 123 employees, the authors investigated longitudinally whether an instrumental work orientation moderates the motivational process, and mediates the health impairment process in the JD‐R model.Findings – Regression analyses revealed that an increase in job resources over time was particularly beneficial for experienced flow at Time 2 among employees holding an instrumental (vs intrinsic) work orientation. In addition, structural equation modeling analyses showed that work pressure was reciprocal with need for recovery, which was reciprocal with instrumental work orientation.Research limitations/implications – Findings suggest that work orientation should be integrated in research linking work characteristics with motivational and health impairment processes.Practical implications – Organizations should avoid placing overly high demand.
Corporate Governance and the Design of Stock Option Contracts

Investors and academics increasingly criticize that features of employee stock option (ESO) programs reflect rent-extraction by managers (managerial power view). We use a unique European data set to investigate the relationship between the design of ESO programs and corporate governance structures. We find that ownership structures are related to the ESO design in a way that is consistent with the managerial power hypothesis: when ownership concentration is low and the exposition to the U.S. capital market is little, executives extract rents by designing poor ESO plans. Moreover, firms with weak creditor rights more often have badly designed option plans. Our findings also suggest that ineffective board structures (insider-dominated boards) are related to ESO design in a way that supports the arguments of the self-dealing view.
Ancient Chinese Character Image Retrieval Based on Fusing Deep Features and Skeleton Features

The complex glyph structures and diverse writing styles of ancient Chinese character images lead to suboptimal performance when existing image retrieval methods are directly applied to datasets of these images. Addressing the impact on retrieval caused by the complex glyph structure and rich detail information characteristic of ancient Chinese character images, a multi-layer feature adaptive fusion model for ancient Chinese character image retrieval is designed. Firstly, a local feature extraction module is constructed to obtain low-level feature maps with different spatial receptive fields. Secondly, to better fuse features of varying scales, an improved ASFF(Adaptively Spatial Feature Fusion) method is employed to build the PSASFF(Pixel Shuffle Adaptively Spatial Feature Fusion) module for adaptive fusion of multi-layer features extracted by the designed network. Finally, in order to reduce the influence of the writing style of ancient Chinese characters on retrieval, the cosine similarity scores of image retrieval before and after fine processing are weighted and used as the ultimate similarity scores. The retrieval method proposed achieves an average retrieval accuracy of mAP@50 and mAP@30 of 0.8537 and 0.9576 respectively on the ancient Chinese character image dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for ancient Chinese character image retrieval.
Hypothalamic Distribution, Adenohypophyseal Receptor Expression, and Ligand Functionality of RFamide-Related Peptide 3 in the Mare During the Breeding and Nonbreeding Seasons1

ABSTRACT RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP3), the mammalian homologue of avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, has been shown to negatively regulate the secretion of LH and may contribute to reproductive seasonality in some species. Herein, we examined the presence and potential role of the RFRP3-signaling system in regulating LH secretion in the mare during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Hypothalamic NPVF mRNA (the precursor mRNA for RFRP3) was detected at the level of the dorsomedial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, but expression did not change with season. A greater number of RFRP3-expressing cells was observed throughout the rostral-caudal extension of the dorsomedial nucleus. Furthermore, adenohypophyseal expression of the RFRP3 receptor (NPFFR1) during the winter anovulatory season did not differ from that during either the follicular or luteal phases of the estrous cycle. When tested in primary adenohypophyseal cell culture or in vivo during both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, neither equine nor ovine peptide sequences for RFRP3 suppressed basal or GnRH-mediated release of LH. However, infusion of RF9, an RFRP3 receptor-signaling antagonist, into seasonally anovulatory mares induced a robust increase in secretion of LH both before and following continuous treatment with GnRH. The results indicate that the cellular machinery associated with RFRP3 function is present in the equine hypothalamus and adenohypophysis. However, evidence for functionality of the RFRP3-signaling network was only obvious when an antagonist RF9 was employed. Because GnRH-induced release of LH was not affected by RF9, its actions may occur upstream from the gonadotrope to stimulate or disinhibit secretion of GnRH.
Pancreas and beta-cell development: from the actual to the possible

The development of insulin-producing pancreatic beta (β)-cells represents the culmination of a complex developmental program. Cells of the posterior foregut assume a pancreatic identity, cells within the expanding pancreatic primordia adopt an endocrine fate, and a subset of these precursors becomes competent to generate β-cells. Postnatally, β-cells are primarily maintained by self-duplication rather than new differentiation. Although major gaps in our knowledge still persist, experiments across several organisms have shed increasing light on the steps of β-cell specification and differentiation. Increasing our understanding of the extrinsic, as well as intrinsic, mechanisms that control these processes should facilitate efforts to regenerate this important cell type in humans.
Examining Specific Versus General Measures of Achievement Goals

The current research compared specific versus general measures of a 2 × 2 model of achievement goals. We found that specific achievement goals were better predictors of specific measures of interest in learning and perceived value of learning, whereas specific and general measures of achievement goals did not differ as predictors of general interest in learning, general perceived value of learning, or general and specific measures of performance. Furthermore, mastery achievement goals may be affected more across different measurement contexts than performance achievement goals.
Exploring the Impact of Varying Degrees of Cognitive Conflict in the Generation of both Subject and Pedagogical Knowledge as Primary Trainee Teachers Learn about Shadow Formation

Primary teacher preparation courses to need support students in developing not only science content knowledge, but also pedagogical knowledge appropriate to the effective translation and representation of subject matter for learners in classrooms. In the case of the generalist primary trainee, this constitutes a considerable challenge. This study explored how a group of 13 primary trainees developed subject and pedagogical knowledge during university‐based training as they investigated shadow production in a variety of contexts using cognitive conflict as a strategy for promoting conceptual change. By using a metacognitive approach, students analysed their own learning in response to increasing depth of conflict within a series of shadow investigations. The results indicate that the depth of conflict perceived by the learners in this study was instrumental in inducing conceptual change and generating pedagogical insight within the domain of light.
Cell wall integrity modulates RHO1 activity via the exchange factor ROM2

The essential phosphatidylinositol kinase homologue TOR2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae controls the actin cytoskeleton by activating a GTPase switch consisting of RHO1 (GTPase), ROM2 (GEF) and SAC7 (GAP). We have identified two mutations, rot1‐1 and rot2‐1, that suppress the loss of TOR2 and are synthetic‐lethal. The wild‐type ROT1 and ROT2 genes and a multicopy suppressor, BIG1, were isolated by their ability to rescue the rot1‐1 rot2‐1 double mutant. ROT2 encodes glucosidase II, and ROT1 and BIG1 encode novel proteins. We present evidence that cell wall defects activate RHO1. First, rot1, rot2, big1, cwh41, gas1 and fks1 mutations all confer cell wall defects and suppress tor2ts. Second, destabilizing the cell wall by supplementing the growth medium with 0.005% SDS also suppresses a tor2ts mutation. Third, disturbing the cell wall with SDS or a rot1, rot2, big1, cwh41, gas1 or fks1 mutation increases GDP/GTP exchange activity toward RHO1. These results suggest that cell wall defects suppress a tor2 mutation by activating RHO1 independently of TOR2, thereby inducing TOR2‐independent polarization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell wall synthesis. Activation of RHO1, a subunit of the cell wall synthesis enzyme glucan synthase, by a cell wall alteration would ensure that cell wall synthesis occurs only when and where needed. The mechanism of RHO1 activation by a cell wall alteration is via the exchange factor ROM2 and could be analogous to signalling by integrin receptors in mammalian cells.
Signaling networks that regulate cell migration.

SUMMARY Stimuli that promote cell migration, such as chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in metazoans and cyclic AMP in Dictyostelium, activate signaling pathways that control organization of the actin cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes. The Rho-family GTPases are a key convergence point of these pathways. Their effectors include actin regulators such as formins, members of the WASP/WAVE family and the Arp2/3 complex, and the myosin II motor protein. Pathways that link to the Rho GTPases include Ras GTPases, TorC2, and PI3K. Many of the molecules involved form gradients within cells, which define the front and rear of migrating cells, and are also established in related cellular behaviors such as neuronal growth cone extension and cytokinesis. The signaling molecules that regulate migration can be integrated to provide a model of network function. The network displays biochemical excitability seen as spontaneous waves of activation that propagate along the cell cortex. These events coordinate cell movement and can be biased by external cues to bring about directed migration.
Categorical or Dimensional: How Do Attachment Measures Inform Clinicians in Couple Therapy?

Self-report measures of adult romantic attachment have been widely used in research but their application in clinical practice has not been adequately examined. One important issue is the selection of a practical and reliable attachment measure that therapists can rely on in couple therapy. In the present study, the three-category Attachment Style Prototype (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) representing the original classic conceptualization of attachment, and the Experiences in Close Relationships (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998), a more recent scale with two dimensions representing a new conceptualization, were compared. Experiences in Close Relationships data were also used to establish four clusters based on the scores of the two dimensions. The Experiences in Close Relationships and Attachment Style Prototype categories were related in meaningful ways; however, Attachment Style Prototype was less effective in detecting a group of insecurely attached individuals who tended to self-identify as securely attached. Experiences in Close Relationships clearly shows an advantage over Attachment Style Prototype in clinical application, and therefore was recommended. Examples of the clinical utilization of Experiences in Close Relationships in couple therapy were provided using Experiences in Close Relationships scores from couples seeking therapy.
The "Which Blair project": a quick visual method for evaluating perceptual color maps

We have developed a fast, perceptual method for selecting color scales for data visualization that takes advantage of our sensitivity to luminance variations in human faces. To do so, we conducted experiments in which we mapped various color scales onto the intensity values of a digitized photograph of a face and asked observers to rate each image. We found a very strong correlation between the perceived naturalness of the images and the degree to which the underlying color scales increased monotonically in luminance. Color scales that did not include a monotonically increasing luminance component produced no positive rating scores. Since color scales with monotonic luminance profiles are widely recommended for visualizing continuous scalar data, a purely visual technique for identifying such color scales could be very useful, especially in situations where color calibration is not integrated into the visualization environment, such as over the Internet.
A Taxono my of Personalized Agents on the Internet

Recently, in the Artificial Intelligence community, there has been a great deal of work on how Artificial Intelligence can help users to handle the large amount of information on the Internet. Notions of personalized search engines, intelligent software agents, and recommender systems have gained large acceptance among users for the task of assisting them in searching, sorting, classifying, filtering and sharing the vast amount of information. This paper presents a taxonomy of intelligent personalized agents on the Internet based on the current state of the art. 37 different systems and their references are deeply analyzed to extract a set of 10 common features. These features are explained in general and the techniques used in the state of the art to implement them are briefly introduced.
UNDERGRADUATES' INTENTION TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SRI LANKA

This study attempted to examine entrepreneurial intention of Sri Lankan undergraduates. The undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention was examined with entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. Accordingly, it was rationalized that entrepreneurial intention is influenced by entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self employment. Gender impacts on these three aspects were also examined. The study sample consisted of 149 management undergraduates of one of the leading universities in Sri Lanka and data were collected through the administration of a formal questionnaire. The results revealed that undergraduates' entrepreneurial belief, attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention were moderately positive; there were statistically significant positive modest correlation between entrepreneurial belief and entrepreneurial intention, and between attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, there was no significant impact of gender on entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. However, it was found that there existed significant difference between male and female undergraduates in terms of their entrepreneurial intention.
Learning On-line: A review of recent literature in a rapidly expanding field

This paper is based on a review of recent literature on the use of Internet-based technologies in higher education, concentrating on the key issues and problems involved in transferring courses to an electronic learning environment. This paper attempts to fulfil the need at this point for an examination of this work, and aims to inform those who are thinking of using new technologies to deliver courses. The issue of pedagogy is discussed in relation to the design and implementation of on-line courses. The problem of a lack of participation in on-line discussion is considered and suggestions made for encouraging involvement in such activities. The issues of access and availability are considered as vital questions that need to be addressed by those involved in producing on-line courses, and advice on the nature of student support and staff development necessary in this context is outlined. The recommendations made in the literature for designing and implementing successful electronic courses will be discussed in relation to these issues. The paper concludes that a careful consideration of the warnings and recommendations made in the literature can help to produce effective and stimulating electronic learning environments.
A Collective Pursuit of Learning the Possibility to Be: The CAMP Experience Assisting Situationally Marginalized Mexican American Students to a Successful Student Identity

Many students of Mexican descent must learn how to be successful students. This study describes 5 students of Mexican descent from situationally marginalized lives who were a part of a support and retention scholarship program (College Assistance Migrant Program—CAMP). These case studies document how they perceived their learning and how they changed as students after their first college experience and involvement in CAMP. Through her involvement in CAMP, Laura, a high school dropout without a supportive home or school environment, came to see herself as a successful student. As an English Language Learner, Cristina felt ill-prepared to begin a college career; however, by experiencing successes in her first year of coursework and being involved in CAMP, she gained self-confidence. Maria, a teen mother with two children, saw college as the only way out of poverty. She exhibited resiliency and the desire to use the experience to gain insightful and practical knowledge about herself as a student and mother. During high school, the continual relocation between Mexico and the United States negatively affected Luz's ability to be successful. Through CAMP, she gained confidence in her ability to relate with others, particularly with teachers and professors. Ruben, a former gang member, struggled in his first semester as he acclimated to the structured environment of a classroom. Despite this struggle, the CAMP staff and his professors saw growth in Ruben's social behavior. These case studies show that students who would not normally be considered “college material,” when given the opportunity and appropriate support, can become successful. This success hinges on their new perspective of themselves and their participation in a community of practice.