Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring ‘what’ to learn in physical education

Purpose: The aim of this article is to show a need for explicating ‘what’ there is to learn in physical education (PE) with a particular focus on learning to move with the meaning potential seen as integral to moving. Further, the aim is to provide an example of exploring ‘bodily knowing’ from the perspective of practical epistemology as outlined by researchers such as Michael Polanyi, Allan Janik and Gilbert Ryle. Background: Learning has been a prominent issue within the PE research for quite some time. Overviews of research show that the object of learning, the ‘what-aspect’ within the didactic triangle, has been taken into account, though the obvious focus is the ‘how-aspect’, as in how learning occurs. In PE, the ‘what-aspect’, according to teachers as well as pupils, is vague, and the aim of the subject is expressed in terms of ‘fun-aspects’ rather than ‘what-aspects’. Taking a standpoint from research concerning aims, content and important knowledge in PE in Sweden, with reference to international research, this article will shed light upon physical activity as a taken-for-granted content, conceptualized either as an instrument for fulfilling the demands of the contemporary health-discourse or an instrument for performing well in sports. In doing this, the article will argue for the urgent need of explicating what capabilities students are supposed to develop in PE. Key concepts: The concept of knowledge in relation to PE will be discussed. Drawing on Janik's discussion of the epistemological structure of practical professional knowledge, emphasizing the importance of making the base of knowledge explicit, capability to move will be regarded as an object of learning, a possible ‘what-aspect’, in PE. To overcome the boundaries between practical and theoretical knowledge, Polanyi's concept knowing will be used. Conceiving knowings as embracing several aspects of knowledge as well as comprising both mental and physical processes, knowings in human movement will be elaborated. Conclusion: As our initial overview of research about ways of reasoning about knowledge and learning in PE suggested, there is an imminent need to systematically develop a language for learning in PE where what to learn, the specific knowings that PE is nurturing, is paramount, and where this ‘what’ is not reduced to superficial knowledge about health issues or physical skills. We believe that exploring the ‘knowing how’ aspect of learning will highlight potential ‘knowings’ in human movement. Following the concept ‘knowing’ as in line with Ryle's ‘knowing how’, not separating mental and physical skills, can serve as an analytical tool and a starting point for articulating examples of ‘knowings’ as objects of learning and thus providing opportunities to conceptualize human movement in terms of knowing and learning.
Palatability and digestibility of horse diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp

Objective. To evaluate the impact of citrus pulp on the palatability and digestibility of horse diets and the physicochemical characteristics of the feces. Materials and methods. The diets were composed of 60% of the energy from the forage and 40% from the concentrate, with increasing levels of citrus pulp. Two different tests were performed. The first test assessed the palatability of concentrates. Using a randomized experimental design, 15 horses were observed for 10 days. The variables recorded were first action, first choice and intake ratio (IR). Five horses were arranged in 5x5 Latin Square design for the test assessing digestibility and fecal physicochemical characteristics. The apparent digestibility of the nutrients and the color, consistency, pH and buffering capacity (BC) of the feces were evaluated. Results. The addition of increasing levels of citrus pulp had an effect (p≤0.001) on first action. A difference was also observed in first choice, and the addition of 0, 7 or 14% of citrus pulp was preferred. A difference between treatments (p≤0.001) was also observed for IR, and the control concentrate was consumed the most. The amount of citrus pulp included had no effect (p>0.05) on the digestibility of nutrients, fecal consistency and color, and there was no effect (p>0.05) on fecal pH and BC. Conclusions. Horses can identify the presence of citrus pulp in concentrates but prefer concentrates without added citrus pulp. Citrus pulp does not negatively affect the digestibility of concentrates or the physicochemical characteristics of the feces; thus, citrus pulp is a viable alternative ingredient in the formulation of horse diets.
Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptor‐1 is involved in cardiac noradrenergic activity observed during naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal

The negative affective states of withdrawal involve the recruitment of brain and peripheral stress circuitry [noradrenergic activity, induction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis and activation of heat shock proteins (Hsps)]. Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) pathways are important mediators in the negative symptoms of opioid withdrawal. We performed a series of experiments to characterize the role of the CRF1 receptor in the response of stress systems to morphine withdrawal and its effect in the heart using genetically engineered mice lacking functional CRF1 receptors.
Why interpersonal dominance and affiliation matter: an interaction analysis of the coach-client relationship

Abstract There is growing evidence that coaching is effective. However, little is known about the process variables critical for coaching success. This article investigates the role of the two interpersonal behaviour dimensions affiliation and dominance in the formation of a positive coaching relationship and in coaching success. The interaction of 33 coach–client dyads was videotaped during their first coaching session. The verbal and non-verbal affiliation and dominance behaviour of both actors was analysed with the Discussing Coding System. Findings show that a coach's dominance behaviour in the first session predicts positive ratings by the client concerning goal attainment at the end of the five-session-coaching process. Similarity of coach and client in terms of dominance and affiliation predicts positive ratings by the client on relationship quality and goal attainment. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
Autoantibodies as potential biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Autoantibody signatures, as new biomarkers, may improve the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We constructed a T7 phage cDNA library from mixed NPC tissues, and we isolated 31 tumor‐associated proteins using biopan enrichment techniques with sera from NPC patients and from healthy population. DNA sequence analysis showed that among 31 phage‐displayed proteins, 22 have sequence identity with known or putative tumor‐associated proteins. The results of immunochemical reactivity of patients' sera with phage‐expressed proteins showed enrichment in the number of immunogenic phage clones in the biopanning process and also confirmed that antibodies were present in the sera of patients but not in the sera of healthy donors. The autoantibody against phage‐expressed protein MAGE, HSP70, Fibronectin, and CD44 measured by ELISA had greater predictive value than that against EBNA‐1, respectively. The antibody levels against MAGE in sera positively correlated with the clinical stages of NPC, and the antibody levels against other three proteins partly correlated with the clinical stages of NPC. Our studies suggested that the autoantibodies against tumor‐associated antigens in the sera of NPC patients could be used as a screening test for NPC. Studies of the corresponding proteins may have significances in tumor biology, novel drug development, and immunotherapy.
Scrub Typhus Incidence Modeling with Meteorological Factors in South Korea

Since its recurrence in 1986, scrub typhus has been occurring annually and it is considered as one of the most prevalent diseases in Korea. Scrub typhus is a 3rd grade nationally notifiable disease that has greatly increased in Korea since 2000. The objective of this study is to construct a disease incidence model for prediction and quantification of the incidences of scrub typhus. Using data from 2001 to 2010, the incidence Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, which considers the time-lag between scrub typhus and minimum temperature, precipitation and average wind speed based on the Granger causality and spectral analysis, is constructed and tested for 2011 to 2012. Results show reliable simulation of scrub typhus incidences with selected predictors, and indicate that the seasonality in meteorological data should be considered.
Effects of Response Probability on Response Force in Simple RT

Response force (RF) was measured in a simple reaction time (RT) experiment varying response uncertainty by cuing the probability of the response on each trial. In all cases, RF decreased as response probability increased. The dependence of RF on response probability was insensitive to foreperiod length and to the use of loud auditory response signals, although the dependence of RT on response probability was sensitive to both of these manipulations. In combination with previous findings, these results provide evidence that RT and RF can be dissociated. We describe an extension of Näätanen's readiness model that can account for the effects of response probability on RF and RT. According to this model, the distance between motor activation and a threshold for action is relatively large when subjects are unprepared, and a large increment is needed to exceed this threshold, resulting in slow but foreceful responses. A possible neurophysiological implementation of this model is suggested.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE TOP SURFACE FLUX / POWDER LAYERS IN CONTINUOUS CASTING

Steady-state finite-element models have been formulated to investigate the coupled fluid flow and thermal behavior of the top-surface flux layers in continuous casting of steel slabs. The 3-D FIDAPTM model includes the shear stresses imposed on the flux/steel interface by flow velocities calculated in the molten steel pool. It also includes different temperature-dependent powder properties for solidification and melting. Good agreement between the 3-D model and experimental measurements was obtained. The shear forces, imposed by the steel surface motion towards the SEN, create a large recirculation zone in the liquid flux pool. Its depth increases with increasing casting speed, increasing liquid flux conductivity and decreasing flux viscosity. For typical conditions, this zone contains almost 4 kg of flux, which contributes to an average residence time of about 2 minutes. Additionally, because the shear forces produced by the narrowface consumption and the steel flow oppose each other, the flow in the liquid flux layer separates at a location centered 200 mm from the narrowface wall. This flow separation depletes the liquid flux pool at this location and may contribute to generically poor feeding of the mold-strand gap there. As a further consequence, a relatively cold spot develops at the wideface mold wall near the separation point. This non-uniformity in the temperature distribution may result in non-uniform heat removal, and possibly non-uniform initial shell growth in the meniscus region along the wideface off-corner region. In this way, potential steel quality problems may be linked to flow in the liquid flux pool.
The impact of interlocutor sex on linguistic accommodation: A case study of Jordan radio phone-in programs

L'article examine l'accommodation linguistique telle qu'elle se revele en arabe jordanien, selon certains parametres sociologiques et psychologiques. Il analyse en particulier l'influence du sexe de l'interlocuteur sur son repertoire linguistique. Les donnees sont issues d'appels telephoniques retransmis a la radio. Deux variables phonologiques sont choisies pour les propos de l'etude: les occlusives uvulaires sourdes et les affriquees palato-alveolaires sonores
Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Its Associated Factors among Older Men with Type 2 Diabetes

This study investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis and its associated factors in old men with T2DM to identify risk factors for low BMD. We enrolled 93 old men (≥60 years of age) with T2DM and 125 healthy old men (controls) and collected data of their lifestyle, medical history, bone densitometry, body weight, height, and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Urine samples were collected to determine 24 h urinary creatinine, albumin, and protein. Although no differences in age, blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), and testosterone levels were observed, the prevalence of low BMD was significantly higher in the T2DM group compared to the control group. The risk of developing low BMD and fracture in T2DM subjects was increased by 46- and 26-fold, respectively, compared to control subjects. BMD of total spine and hip was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with age, duration of diabetes, creatinine, and 24 h urinary albumin. So old men with T2DM have a greater risk of developing low BMD than old men without T2DM.
Long‐range allosteric transitions in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase plays a key role in both pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis by catalyzing the production of carbamoyl phosphate from one molecule of bicarbonate, two molecules of MgATP, and one molecule of glutamine. The enzyme from Escherichia coli consists of two polypeptide chains referred to as the small and large subunits, which contain a total of three separate active sites that are connected by an intramolecular tunnel. The small subunit harbors one of these active sites and is responsible for the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. The large subunit binds the two required molecules of MgATP and is involved in assembling the final product. Compounds such as L‐ornithine, UMP, and IMP allosterically regulate the enzyme. Here, we report the three‐dimensional structure of a site‐directed mutant protein of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from E. coli, where Cys 248 in the small subunit was changed to an aspartate. This residue was targeted for a structural investigation because previous studies demonstrated that the partial glutaminase activity of the C248D mutant protein was increased 40‐fold relative to the wild‐type enzyme, whereas the formation of carbamoyl phosphate using glutamine as a nitrogen source was completely abolished. Remarkably, although Cys 248 in the small subunit is located at ∼100 Å from the allosteric binding pocket in the large subunit, the electron density map clearly revealed the presence of UMP, although this ligand was never included in the purification or crystallization schemes. The manner in which UMP binds to carbamoyl phosphate synthetase is described.
Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis

Summary Cannabis contains various cannabinoids, two of which have almost opposing actions: δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is psychotomimetic, whereas cannabidiol (CBD) has antipsychotic effects. Hair samples were analysed to examine levels of Δ9-THC and CBD in 140 individuals. Three clear groups emerged: ‘THC only’, ‘THC+CBD’ and those with no cannabinoid in hair. The THC only group showed higher levels of positive schizophrenia-like symptoms compared with the no cannabinoid and THC+CBD groups, and higher levels of delusions compared with the no cannabinoid group. This provides evidence of the divergent properties of cannabinoids and has important implications for research into the link between cannabis use and psychosis.
Efficient Cultures: Exploring the Relationship between Culture and Organizational Performance.

We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of our colleagues, Kerry Patterson and Keith Warner, as well as the thoughtful comments of the editors of this special issue. This research was supported through grants from the Office of Naval Research, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, IBM, The General Electric Foundation, AMP, Inc., Westinghouse Corporation, and the Sperry Corporation. Contrary to currently popular notions of organizational culture, we claim that the existence of local organizational cultures that are distinct from more generally shared background cultures occurs relatively infrequently atthe level of the whole organization. We also argue that, with respect to organizational performance, particular properties of local organizational culture are more important than others and that local organizational culture will be more critical to performance in one range of organizations than in others. We conclude by applying our point of viewto the problem of changing organizational cultures and argue that they are more adaptive than is currently thought.
Increased allopregnanolone levels in the fetal sheep brain following umbilical cord occlusion

Allopregnanolone (AP) is a potent modulator of the GABAA receptor. Brain AP concentrations increase in response to stress, which is thought to provide neuroprotection by reducing excitation in the adult brain. Umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) causes hypoxia and asphyxia in the fetus, which are major risk factors associated with poor neurological outcome for the neonate, and may lead to adverse sequelae such as cerebral palsy. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to determine the effect of 10 min UCO on AP concentrations in the extracellular fluid of the fetal brain using microdialysis, and (ii) to compare the content of the steroidogenic enzymes P450scc and 5α‐reductase type II (5αRII) with brain and CSF neurosteroid concentrations. UCO caused fetal asphyxia, hypertension, bradycardia and respiratory acidosis, which returned to normal levels after 1–2 h. AP concentrations in dialysate samples from probes implanted in grey and white matter of the parietal cortex were significantly increased 1 h after UCO from control levels of 10.4 ± 0.4 and 12.4 ± 0.3 to 26.0 ± 5.1 and 27.6 ± 6.4 nmol l−1, respectively (P < 0.05), before returning to pre‐occlusion levels by 3–4 h after UCO. When fetal brains were collected 1 h after a 10 min UCO, the relative increases of AP and pregnenolone content in the parietal cortex were similar to the increase observed in the extracellular (dialysate) fluid. AP, but not pregnenolone, was increased in CSF at this time. P450scc and 5αRII enzyme expression was significantly increased in the cerebral cortex in the UCO fetuses compared to control fetuses. These results suggest that the fetal brain is capable of transiently increasing neurosteroid production in response to asphyxia. The action of the increased neurosteroid content at GABAA receptors may serve to diminish the increased excitation due to excitotoxic amino acid release, and provide short‐term protection to brain cells during such stress.
Preventive Care in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Practice in Urban Health-Care System

Early identification and treatment of complications of diabetes mellitus may reduce the severity of the complications. As part of a program to reduce these complications in the Denver Department of Health and Hospitals patient population, our study determined how frequently preventive care, e.g., fundoscopic examinations, referral to an ophthalmologist, foot examinations, and assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, was provided to diabetic patients. With the use of billing records to identify a large sample of diabetic patients, a chart review of 544 patients was conducted. During the study year, the mean ± SE number of visits to primary-care clinics was 5.7 ± 0.22, with 86.4% having at least one visit. Most diabetic patients were seen by primary-care physicians; only 9% received care in a specialized diabetes clinic. Despite frequent primarycare visits, most diabetic patients in this county healthcare system did not have documentation of care to detect complications of diabetes mellitus, and referral services for detection and treatment of these complications were infrequently used. Moreover, among patients seen on >10 occasions in a primary-care setting, preventive care was not provided to 30% of the patients. Preventive care does not appear to be a regular part of a primary-care visit for most of the diabetic patients in this study.
Virtual Milgram: Empathic Concern or Personal Distress? Evidence from Functional MRI and Dispositional Measures

One motive for behaving as the agent of another's aggression appears to be anchored in as yet unelucidated mechanisms of obedience to authority. In a recent partial replication of Milgram's obedience paradigm within an immersive virtual environment, participants administered pain to a female virtual human and observed her suffering. Whether the participants’ response to the latter was more akin to other-oriented empathic concern for her well-being or to a self-oriented aversive state of personal distress in response to her distress is unclear. Using the stimuli from that study, this event-related fMRI-based study analysed brain activity during observation of the victim in pain versus not in pain. This contrast revealed activation in pre-defined brain areas known to be involved in affective processing but not in those commonly associated with affect sharing (e.g., ACC and insula). We then examined whether different dimensions of dispositional empathy predict activity within the same pre-defined brain regions: While personal distress and fantasy (i.e., tendency to transpose oneself into fictional situations and characters) predicted brain activity, empathic concern and perspective taking predicted no change in neuronal response associated with pain observation. These exploratory findings suggest that there is a distinct pattern of brain activity associated with observing the pain-related behaviour of the victim within the context of this social dilemma, that this observation evoked a self-oriented aversive state of personal distress, and that the objective “reality” of pain is of secondary importance for this response. These findings provide a starting point for experimentally more rigorous investigation of obedience.
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF Q-LEARNING WITH LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION

2001 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would not have been completed without the guidance of the members of my thesis committee, Prof. Prof. Keith Doty also deserves credit for helping me formulate the original question regarding the improvement of Q-learning. I am grateful for the facilities at the Machine Intelligence Laboratory here at the University of Florida, which gave me the ability to carry out my research. My fellow members of the lab also deserve thanks for providing an enriching experience during my years as a graduate student.