Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Intrusiveness and Infant Affect: Transactional Relations and Effects on Toddler Internalizing Problems

Maternal intrusiveness is an important predictor of child mental health problems. Evidence links high levels of maternal intrusivenes s to later infant negativity, and child internalizing problems. However, children also infl uence the manner in which parents interact with them. For example, infants that show more negative emotionality elicit less positive parenting in their caregivers. Infant affe ct is also associated with later child internalizing difficulties. Although previous resea rch has demonstrated that maternal intrusiveness is related to infant affect and child internalizing symptomatology, and that infant affect is a predictor of internalizing probl ems and parenting, no studies have looked at the transactional relations between early maternal intrusiveness and infant affect, and whether these relations in infancy pred ict later childhood internalizing symptomatology. The present study investigates youn g children's risk for internalizing problems as a function of the interplay between mat ern l intrusiveness and infant affect during the early infancy period in a low-income, Me xican-American sample. Participants included 323 Mexican-American women and their infan ts. Data were collected when the infants were 12, 18, 24, and 52 weeks old. Mothers were asked to interact with their infants in semi-structured tasks, and mother and in fant behaviors were coded at 12, 18, and 24 weeks. Maternal intrusiveness was globally r ted, and duration of infant negativeand positive affect was recorded. Mother reports of child Internalizing symptomatology were obtained at 52 weeks. Findings suggest that th ere are transactional relations between early maternal intrusiveness and infant negative af f ct, while the relations between infant positive affect and maternal intrusiveness are unid irectional, in that infant positivity influences parenting but not vice versa. Further, f indings also imply that neither maternal
On the status of auxiliaries in notional grammar

The major assumption of notional grammar is that the syntactic classes established for each language on the basis of their distributional properties are labelled on notional grounds: the denotata of the prototypical members of classes meet universal ontological definitions. For example, one might suggest that: ‘As far as nouns are concerned, the prototypical denotata are persons, animals, and other discrete physical entities…’ (Lyons, 1989: 161). Despite the work of Lyons (notably also 1966, 1977) and others, involving a tradition of some antiquity, adequate explicit definitions for the range of classes are lacking; much remains intuitive. This should not prevent us, however, from examining the syntactic consequences of the notionalist assumption. Nor, of course, should the existence of non-prototypical class members (such as nouns which denote non-physical entities or whose denotata are of limited temporal extension - see further below). What follows explores the consequences for a specific area of classification of one articulation of a notional theory.
PERCEPTION OF MOUTHFEEL SENSATIONS ELICITED BY RED WINE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SENSITIVITY TO 6‐N‐PROPYLTHIOURACIL

This study investigated the relationship between sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) - a genetically determined trait used as an index of general taste acuity - and a range of oral sensations elicited by 16 varietal red wines. Seventeen subjects were trained using descriptive analysis (DA) techniques and developed a lexicon consisting of three taste and 10 tactile attributes representing sensations experienced both in-mouth (IM) and after expectoration (AE). Analysis of variance showed that PROP super-tasters (ST) (n = 8) rated 11 of these 13 sensations differently compared to PROP nontasters (NT) (n = 8), specifically acidity, saltiness, heat/irritation, tingle/prickle, particulate IM, particulate AE, smoothness IM, smoothness AE, grippy/adhesive, mouthcoat and overall astringency. The greater sensitivity of ST to the textural components of red wine is discussed in the context of greater lingual acuity and implications for DA panels, psychophysics and wine consumer behavior.
Audience and witnessing: research into dramatherapy using vignettes and aMSN messenger

This article describes the process of research undertaken to examine therapists’ responses to the concept of the core processes of change in dramatherapy. The research uses a combination of vignette description and analysis using aMSN messenger. The article describes the theoretical underpinning and rationale to the approach, and the implementation of the research with illustrations from the findings. The research vignette, the research conversation and the use of aMSN messenger are discussed, placing the research project as a whole, and each of these elements, within a context of research literature. The article orientates the research within enquiry concerned with narrative approaches. Illustrative findings from the research, concerning practice within the prison system and within a mental health context, are presented and discussed. The processes of role, witnessing and the relationship between empathy and distancing are reflected in the selected material.
‘Removing the chaos from the narrative’: preparing clinical leaders for practice development

Abstract This article explores the work of a group of ward leaders who worked in a large acute NHS Trust in London in identifying the need for practice development in their clinical settings and their own leadership development needs. The ward leaders worked with a facilitator over a period of 6 months to develop knowledge, skills and experience in leading practice developments. The project was deliberately focused on helping the ward leaders become aware of the need for change and increase their potential as leaders of changes arising from the project. The ward leaders worked with the facilitator (the lead author) over a 7-month period, utilising a variety of integrated developmental and data collection techniques. The methods employed included reflection on practice, observation of practice, discussions with practitioners, 360-degree feedback and the use of a variety of creative arts. The project was based on the narrative framework of Frank (1995), and this framework was utilised to shape the interpretation of the processes and outcomes of the project. This article thus presents the combined narrative journey of the facilitator and the participants.
Addition of posttraumatic stress and sensory hypersensitivity more accurately estimates disability and pain than fear avoidance measures alone after whiplash injury

Abstract The fear avoidance model (FAM) has been proposed to explain the development of chronic disability in a variety of conditions including whiplash-associated disorders (WADs). The FAM does not account for symptoms of posttraumatic stress and sensory hypersensitivity, which are associated with poor recovery from whiplash injury. The aim of this study was to explore a model for the maintenance of pain and related disability in people with WAD including symptoms of PTSD, sensory hypersensitivity, and FAM components. The relationship between individual components in the model and disability and how these relationships changed over the first 12 weeks after injury were investigated. We performed a longitudinal study of 103 (74 female) patients with WAD. Measures of pain intensity, cold and mechanical pain thresholds, symptoms of posttraumatic stress, pain catastrophising, kinesiophobia, and fear of cervical spine movement were collected within 6 weeks of injury and at 12 weeks after injury. Mixed-model analysis using Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores and average 24-hour pain intensity as the dependent variables revealed that overall model fit was greatest when measures of fear of movement, posttraumatic stress, and sensory hypersensitivity were included. The interactive effects of time with catastrophising and time with fear of activity of the cervical spine were also included in the best model for disability. These results provide preliminary support for the addition of neurobiological and stress system components to the FAM to explain poor outcome in patients with WAD.
A daily diary study of affective responses to psychological contract breach and exceeded promises.

The psychological contract has been viewed as an explanatory framework for understanding the employment relationship, and is regarded by some researchers as central in understanding employee attitudes and behavior. Despite the importance ascribed to the psychological contract, it remains theoretically underdeveloped and has received limited empirical attention. This study takes a new approach to researching the psychological contract, through the use of daily diaries, and addresses a number of fundamental questions regarding its nature. Results show that both broken and exceeded promises occur regularly and in relation to virtually any aspect of work, that the importance of the promise contributes significantly to emotional reactions following broken and exceeded promises, and that the psychological contract is an important concept for understanding everyday fluctuations in emotion and daily mood. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring Academic Language Proficiency in School-Age English Language Proficiency Assessments Under New College and Career Readiness Standards in the United States

The current focus across the U.S. on student college and career readiness standards makes clear that both instruction and assessment of academic English will continue to be important for school-age English learner (EL) students. This article presents an overview and summary of key literature on academic language (usually academic English); considers how language demands are represented in the Common Core State Standards adopted by most states; briefly compares how academic English is represented in four sets of current English language proficiency/development standards; and considers some factors and challenges in operationalizing academic English for next-generation English language proficiency assessments. The overview and summary information should be useful to educators and developers of standards, curricula, and assessments who want a deeper understanding of academic language and its significance in EL instruction and assessment.
Temperament, Character, and Self-Esteem in Relation to Occupational Performance in Individuals with Schizophrenia

Occupational therapy researchers have tried to clarify the links between occupation and state-like characteristics, such as people's experienced health, disability, and quality of life. However, to fully examine the spectrum of potential influences on occupation, trait-like features should also be investigated. This study focused on personality and self-related factors, in terms of temperament, character, and self-esteem, and how these influenced certain facets of daily occupation (activity level, occupational engagement, and satisfaction with daily occupations) in 72 adults with schizophrenia. Trait properties were associated with different facets of daily occupation. Self-esteem and the temperament dimension “persistence” explained most of the variance in both activity level and occupational engagement, whereas the character dimension “self-directedness” accounted for most of the variance in satisfaction with daily occupations. Thus, both the character and self aspects, regarded as influenced by social learning and developing over time, and the temperament dimensions, regarded as innate traits that are stable over time, exhibited such relationships. The findings highlight the role of people's trait-like properties in relation to their capacity for occupational performance, an area that has been addressed in theoretical discussions but needs to be further explored in empirical studies. If the findings of this study can be replicated in future studies, the effect of personality on occupational performance should be carefully considered in occupational therapy practice.
Delinquent and anti social behaviour in Mauritian secondary schools

This study investigated the different forms of antisocial behaviour in the Mauritian secondary schools and explaining deviant behaviour among secondary school students both in the classroom and within and outside the school premises. A survey was carried out over a period of six (6) months to collect data from twelve (12) Mauritian secondary schools both private and state administered. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used and students as well as the teaching staff were given the opportunity to have their voices heard. The generated findings show that although the environment, the socialisation process, socioeconomic factors, genetic factors, cultural factors and peer influence among others have a strong impact on student’s behaviour, young people from well to do background with a stable environment, closely-monitored upbringing, very often indulge into indiscipline/delinquent behaviours. The results also show that indiscipline occurs practically in all schools but at differing degrees. Different forms of violence such as fighting and inflicting injury to their friends, although quite rare, were noticed in some cases. It is also wise to note that teachers feel dis-empowered because of both disproportionate student population and undisciplined students, which affects considerably the teaching and learning process and because of the lack of support and guidance from relevant authorities.
Distinct Patterns of Chemotactic Peptide‐Induced Calcium Mobilization in Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Peripheral Blood Neutrophils

Flow cytometry was used to compare intracellular calcium mobilization in mature neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) with HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemia cells induced to differentiate with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’,5'‐monophosphate (dbcAMP). Using the calcium‐specific probe indo‐1 acetoxymethyl ester, we found that the ability of differentiating HL‐60 cells to mobilize calcium in response to N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) developed concomitantly with expression of receptors on the cells for this peptide. Mobilization of calcium in HL‐60 cells, as well as in PMN, in response to fMLP was dose dependent and was related to the presence of calcium in the culture medium. In calcium‐free medium, tenfold higher concentrations of fMLP were required to induce calcium mobilization than in calcium‐containing medium. In HL‐60 cells, calcium mobilization occurred more rapidly than in PMN and was independent of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, the response of HL‐60 cells to fMLP was more prolonged than the response of PMN and was also of greater magnitude. Calcium mobilization in both HL‐60 cells and PMN was partially inhibited by the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, but completely blocked by trimethylbenzoic acid 8‐(diethylamino) octyl ester, an intracellular calcium antagonist. These results indicate that although both cell types mobilize calcium in response to fMLP, the characteristics of the responses are distinct. These differences may underlie distinct functional responses of PMN and differentiated HL‐60 cells to fMLP.
Object recognition with hierarchical discriminant saliency networks

The benefits of integrating attention and object recognition are investigated. While attention is frequently modeled as a pre-processor for recognition, we investigate the hypothesis that attention is an intrinsic component of recognition and vice-versa. This hypothesis is tested with a recognition model, the hierarchical discriminant saliency network (HDSN), whose layers are top-down saliency detectors, tuned for a visual class according to the principles of discriminant saliency. As a model of neural computation, the HDSN has two possible implementations. In a biologically plausible implementation, all layers comply with the standard neurophysiological model of visual cortex, with sub-layers of simple and complex units that implement a combination of filtering, divisive normalization, pooling, and non-linearities. In a convolutional neural network implementation, all layers are convolutional and implement a combination of filtering, rectification, and pooling. The rectification is performed with a parametric extension of the now popular rectified linear units (ReLUs), whose parameters can be tuned for the detection of target object classes. This enables a number of functional enhancements over neural network models that lack a connection to saliency, including optimal feature denoising mechanisms for recognition, modulation of saliency responses by the discriminant power of the underlying features, and the ability to detect both feature presence and absence. In either implementation, each layer has a precise statistical interpretation, and all parameters are tuned by statistical learning. Each saliency detection layer learns more discriminant saliency templates than its predecessors and higher layers have larger pooling fields. This enables the HDSN to simultaneously achieve high selectivity to target object classes and invariance. The performance of the network in saliency and object recognition tasks is compared to those of models from the biological and computer vision literatures. This demonstrates benefits for all the functional enhancements of the HDSN, the class tuning inherent to discriminant saliency, and saliency layers based on templates of increasing target selectivity and invariance. Altogether, these experiments suggest that there are non-trivial benefits in integrating attention and recognition.
Effective LSTMs for Target-Dependent Sentiment Classification

Target-dependent sentiment classification remains a challenge: modeling the semantic relatedness of a target with its context words in a sentence. Different context words have different influences on determining the sentiment polarity of a sentence towards the target. Therefore, it is desirable to integrate the connections between target word and context words when building a learning system. In this paper, we develop two target dependent long short-term memory (LSTM) models, where target information is automatically taken into account. We evaluate our methods on a benchmark dataset from Twitter. Empirical results show that modeling sentence representation with standard LSTM does not perform well. Incorporating target information into LSTM can significantly boost the classification accuracy. The target-dependent LSTM models achieve state-of-the-art performances without using syntactic parser or external sentiment lexicons.
Social work interventions to alleviate Cambodian refugee psychological distress

most painful of these is experienced by an immigrant who has grown up in one culture and finds it necessary to move to another. This separation involves transitional processes which enable persons to cope with personal and material losses and to learn social, economic and psychological skills necessary for functioning in a new culture. The literature refers to these processes as acculturation and depicts them as occurring in the following three sequential stages: (1) four months following arrival in which refugees appear to be focusing on their present environment by availing themselves of the concrete services provided by various agencies; (2) four months to one year after arrival in which they appear to be realizing their past losses and present difficulties and to be manifesting psychological distress (Tyhurst, 1951); and (3) one to two and a half years later in which their psychological distress has been reported to be reduced and their acculturation adjustment has been facilitated by the interpersonal social support provided by their families, communities and established agencies (Tyhurst, 1951; Nguyen, 1984). The rise of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia in 1975 led to an influx
The Effects of Cell Phone Usage Rules on Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships

Cell phones play an important role in romantic relationships, although they can be a source of uncertainty and conflict in relationships. Although cell phones help relational partners stay connected, expectations that partners will always be available and accessible to one another may decrease the quality of their relationships. Developing and following cell phone usage rules may help partners avoid the relational repercussions of managing calls and texts in ways that partners view as inappropriate or unacceptable. This study investigated the importance of cell phones in romantic relationships and whether the presence of particular cell phone rules predicted cell phone usage satisfaction and relational satisfaction. Results indicate that cell phones are very important as a means of communicating, and that satisfaction with cell phone usage and the relationship are strongly and positively correlated. Rules regarding Relational Issues and Contact With Others helped predict cell phone satisfaction. Rules regarding Relational Issues, Monitoring Partner Usage, and Repetitive Contact contributed to relationship satisfaction. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
A Transparent Logic Circuit for RFID Tag in a‐IGZO TFT Technology

This paper proposes a transparent logic circuit for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) technology. The RFID logic circuit generates 16‐bit code programmed in read‐only memory. All circuits are implemented in a pseudo‐CMOS logic style using transparent a‐IGZO TFTs. The transmittance degradation due to the transparent RFID logic chip is 2.5% to 8% in a 300‐nm to 800‐nm wavelength. The RFID logic chip generates Manchester‐encoded 16‐bit data with a 3.2‐kHz clock frequency and consumes 170 μW at VDD=6 V . It employs 222 transistors and occupies a chip area of 5.85 mm2.
Children Creating Core Properties of Language: Evidence from an Emerging Sign Language in Nicaragua

A new sign language has been created by deaf Nicaraguans over the past 25 years, providing an opportunity to observe the inception of universal hallmarks of language. We found that in their initial creation of the language, children analyzed complex events into basic elements and sequenced these elements into hierarchically structured expressions according to principles not observed in gestures accompanying speech in the surrounding language. Successive cohorts of learners extended this procedure, transforming Nicaraguan signing from its early gestural form into a linguistic system. We propose that this early segmentation and recombination reflect mechanisms with which children learn, and thereby perpetuate, language. Thus, children naturally possess learning abilities capable of giving language its fundamental structure.