Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inmate Supervisory Style

Abstract This exploratory study examines the inmate supervisory styles of women and men working as correctional officers in two medium security state prisons. In-depth interviews concerning hypothetical incidents are utilized to explore the approaches of officers toward inmates. Findings indicate that officers of both genders perceive women to have a unique style of supervision. Men officers viewed their female counterparts as less aggressive, more lenient, and too friendly with inmates. Women correctional officers see themselves as adopting a more personalized, service-oriented approach to inmates. Data from the hypothetical incidents reveals that both genders respond similarly in confrontational situations with inmates. Where differences are present, they are much different than the literature and the officers in the present study surmised. Women tended to be strict and assert their authority while male officers were more likely to talk things out with the inmate. Findings suggest that training may neutralize the influence of gender in inmate supervision. Any differences in styles may be attributed to ongoing problems with acceptance by male coworkers and the pressure felt by women correctional officers to prove themselves. Further research is needed to confirm these findings using a larger comparative sample and through direct observation of correctional officers and their interactions with inmates.
Pore‐space alteration induced by brine acidification in subsurface geologic formations

A new Lagrangian particle‐based method is presented to simulate reactive transport in natural porous media. This technique is based on Modified Moving Particle Semi‐implicit (MMPS) and takes as input high‐resolution voxel images of natural porous media. The flow field in the medium is computed by solving the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. Moreover, a multicomponent ion transport model is coupled with a homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions module to handle pore‐space alteration (i.e., pore‐wall dissolution). The model is first successfully validated against the experimental data available in the literature. Subsequently, X‐ray microtomographic images of two naturally occurring porous media are used to investigate the impact of reaction kinetics and pore‐space topology on pore‐space alteration induced by brine acidification in subsurface conditions. We observed that at the normal rates of reactions no significant change in porosity and permeability takes place in the short term. Whereas, higher reaction rates caused major changes in the macroscopic properties (e.g., porosity and permeability) of the rocks. We also show that these changes are strongly affected by the rocks' pore‐scale topologies.
CLINICAL STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF INCISIONS IN SMALL INCISION CATARACT SURGERY IN RELATION TO THEIR ASTIGMATISM OUT COME

AIM: To evaluate the surgically induced astigmatism1with different types of incisions in manual small incision cataract surgery over a period of one week, two weeks, four weeks and six weeks post-operative period. As the incision is the major cause for surgically induced astigmatism and this effect is directly related to the length, shape, location and depth of the incision. METHODS: Prospective analysis of the medical records of a total of 100 patients who underwent manual small incision cataract surgery with various types of incisions with SIA.
Natural History of HIV Infected Pediatric Long-Term or Slow Progressor Population After the First Decade of Life

Background: Perinatally infected long-term nonprogressors/slow progressors represent a select group of individuals. There is very limited information on this group of children beyond the first decade of life. A group of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressor/slow progressor children was studied. Methods: We enrolled 20 HIV-infected adolescents who were receiving no or minimal therapy (defined as single or dual nucleoside therapy) before the age of 10 years and who had maintained CD4 counts above 25% for the first decade of life. We analyzed immunologic and virologic characteristics. Thymic receptor excision circles (TREC) were measured on stored frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD4 count, viral load and other pertinent information including race and age were obtained from individual medical records. Results: Nine of the 20 patients recruited were noted to have developed falling CD4 counts at or around puberty, whereas the other 11 remained stable. There was no difference in TREC values or HIV RNA values before or after puberty between the 2 groups of patients. Those who remained stable, in terms of maintaining CD4 T cells as a group had falling viral loads with age. Those whose CD4 values declined after puberty had viral loads that did not decrease with age. Conclusion: A select group of patients who never received HAART during their first decade of life will continue to maintain good CD4 associated with declining HIV RNA values. Thymic output is not predictive of those that don’t maintain CD4 T cells.
188 Re-labeled Anti-CD66 Monoclonal Antibody in Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with High-risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia

We have intensified the conditioning regimen prior to stem cell transplantation in 57 patients with high-risk AML and MDS by treating patients with a 188 Re-labeled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody. Dosimetry was performed prior to therapy and a favorable dosimetry was observed in all cases. Radioimmunotherapy with the labeled antibody provided a mean of 15.5 Gy of additional radiation to the marrow, the kidney was the normal organ receiving the highest dose of supplemental radiation (mean 7.4 Gy): Radioimmunotherapy was followed by standard full-dose conditioning with total body irradiation (12 Gy) (n =30) or busulfan (n =27) and high-dose cyclophosphamide ± thiotepa. Patients subsequently received a T cell depleted allogeneic graft from a HLA-compatible family donor (n =24), a matched unrelated donor (n =23) or a haploidentical family donor (n =6). In four patients, an unmanipulated autologous graft was used. Infusion-related toxicity due to the labeled antibody was minimal and no increase in treatment-related mortality due to the radioimmunoconjugate was observed. Day +30 and day +100 mortalities were 3 and 7%, respectively, and after a median follow-up of 26 months treatment-related mortality was 30%. Late renal toxicity was observed in 14% of patients. The disease-free survival rate for 44 patients in 1 or 2 CR or in very good PR (<15% blasts in the marrow at transplant) is 64% with only 8% disease-free survival for those with >15% blasts in the marrow at transplant.
Tailoring Crystallization: Towards High‐Performance Poly(lactic acid)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising alternatives for petrochemical‐based plastics. Crystallization mediation provides the simplest and most practical approach for enhancing the properties of PLA. Here, recent advances in understanding the relationship between crystalline structure and properties of PLA are summarized. Methods for manipulating crystallization towards high‐performance PLA materials are introduced.
Physical origins of plasma damage and its process/gate area effects on high-k metal gate technology

In advanced high-k metal gate (HK/MG) technologies, plasma induced damage (PID) during process is unavoidable and has the potential to degrade device performance and gate dielectrics. In most cases, PID can be simply managed by process optimization but the root cause and relevant solutions remain unclear. In this study, (i) the origin of plasma damage on Hafnium-based gate oxide (HfO2) devices is verified as bulk traps, located near the HK/oxide interface with negligible latent damage. To resolve this PID issue, we (ii) justify that it can be significantly diminished by optimized post gate etching plasma and improved gate oxide robustness. Moreover, (iii) a quantitative PID model, for the first time, is successfully demonstrated for the incorporated gate area effect by Ig tail of ~4×105μm2 device area, which reduces admissible antenna area for large gate areas in design rule. Gate area scaling is also validated to be crucial for plasma charging damage.
Targeting Lung Cancer Stem Cells: Research and Clinical Impacts

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.8 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2012. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is one of two types of lung cancer, accounts for 85–90% of all lung cancers. Despite advances in therapy, lung cancer still remains a leading cause of death. Cancer relapse and dissemination after treatment indicates the existence of a niche of cancer cells that are not fully eradicated by current therapies. These chemoresistant populations of cancer cells are called cancer stem cells (CSCs) because they possess the self-renewal and differentiation capabilities similar to those of normal stem cells. Targeting the niche of CSCs in combination with chemotherapy might provide a promising strategy to eradicate these cells. Thus, understanding the characteristics of CSCs has become a focus of studies of NSCLC therapies.
RAS/MAPK Activation Is Associated with Reduced Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Cooperation Between MEK and PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Purpose: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the residual disease (RD) of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are associated with improved survival, but insight into tumor cell-autonomous molecular pathways affecting these features are lacking. Experimental Design: We analyzed TILs in the RD of clinically and molecularly characterized TNBCs after NAC and explored therapeutic strategies targeting combinations of MEK inhibitors with PD-1/PD-L1–targeted immunotherapy in mouse models of breast cancer. Results: Presence of TILs in the RD was significantly associated with improved prognosis. Genetic or transcriptomic alterations in Ras–MAPK signaling were significantly correlated with lower TILs. MEK inhibition upregulated cell surface MHC expression and PD-L1 in TNBC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, combined MEK and PD-L1/PD-1 inhibition enhanced antitumor immune responses in mouse models of breast cancer. Conclusions: These data suggest the possibility that Ras–MAPK pathway activation promotes immune-evasion in TNBC, and support clinical trials combining MEK- and PD-L1–targeted therapies. Furthermore, Ras/MAPK activation and MHC expression may be predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1499–509. ©2015 AACR.
Historical Survey on Chromatoid Body Research

The chromatoid body (CB) is a male reproductive cell-specific organelle that appears in spermatocytes and spermatids. The cytoplasmic granule corresponding to the CB was first discovered some 130 years ago by von Brunn in 1876. Thirty years later the German term “chromatoide Körper” (chromatoid body) was introduced to describe this granule and is still used today. In this review, first, the results obtained by light microscopic studies on the CB for the first 60 years are examined. Next, many findings revealed by electron microscopic studies are reviewed. Finally, recent molecular cell biological studies concerning the CB are discussed. The conclusion obtained by exploring the papers on CB published during the past 130 years is that many of the modern molecular cell biological studies are undoubtedly based on information accumulated by vast amounts of early studies.
Transfer Student Experiences and Success at Berkeley

The current study focuses on the stigmatization and psychosocial experiences of community college transfer students within the university setting. Two hundred and sixty-three students nearing the completion of their studies at UC Berkeley responded to a series of open-ended questions about their academic, social, and psychological experiences at the university. Results indicate that nearly one-fifth of the respondents concealed the fact that they were transfer students at least once in the past and approximately one-fourth reported experiences of transfer-related rejection. Furthermore, those who reported experiences of rejection were more likely to conceal that they had transferred into the university than those who did not experience such rejection. Despite these reported experiences of concealment and rejection, the overall group of surveyed transfer students in this study proved to be academically successful. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.
Understanding the Impact of Affirmative Action Bans in Different Graduate Fields of Study

This study examines the effects of affirmative action bans in four states (California, Florida, Texas, and Washington) on the enrollment of underrepresented students of color within six different graduate fields of study: the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences, business, education, and humanities. Findings show that affirmative action bans have led to the greatest reductions in science-related fields of engineering, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. These declines pose serious long-term consequences for the United States since these fields provide specialized training critical to the nation’s ability to compete effectively in a global market and for ensuring continued scientific and technological advancement.
Pair Programming

Pair programming is a style of programming in which two programmers work side-by-side at one computer, continuously collaborating on the same design, algorithm, code, or test. In industry, the practice of pair programming has been shown to improve product quality, improve team spirit, aid in knowledge management, and reduce product risk. In education, pair programming also improves student morale, helps students to be more successful, and improves student retention in an information technology major. This chapter provides an overview and history of pair programming followed by a summary of the use of pair programming in industry and academia. The chapter also provides insight into the principles that make pair programming successful, the economics of pair programming, and the challenges in the adoption of pair programming.
The Effects of Sexist Language on Attribution of Blame Following Sexual Assault

ii Acknowledgments iii List of Tables viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review 5 Ambivalent Sexism 5 Sexism and Language 10 Gender Stereotypes 12 Priming and Stereotype Activation 14 Victim Blaming in Sexual Assault 18 Gender and Victim Blaming 20 Focused Summary of Study 21 Chapter 3: Research Hypotheses 23 Chapter 4: Method 25 Participants 25 Stimulus Materials 26 Language Manipulation 26 Priming Manipulation 27
Isolation, characterization, and analysis of the expression of the cbhII gene of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Two cDNA sequences representing putative allelic variants of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium cbhII gene were isolated by hybridization to the Trichoderma reesei cbhII gene. Both of the equivalent genomic sequences were subsequently isolated by the inverse PCR technique. DNA sequencing showed that the cbhII open reading frame of 1,380 bp codes for a putative polypeptide of 460 amino acids which is interrupted by six introns. The domain structure found in T. reesei cbhII is conserved in the equivalent P. chrysosporium protein. The overall similarity between the two gene products is 54%, with the region of highest conservation being found in the cellulose-binding domain (65%). Unlike the cbhI gene of P. chrysosporium, cbhII does not appear to be a member of a class of closely related genes. CBHII is a new member of family B of the beta-1, 4-glucanases. Alignment of the P. chrysosporium and T. reesei CBHII protein sequences showed that all of the residues important for the formation of the extended loops of the catalytic domain and those residues that are involved in the catalytic action of the T. reesei enzyme are also present in the P. chrysosporium equivalent. The profiles of cbh gene expression in P. chrysosporium reveal that while cbhI.1 and cbhI.2 could be coregulated, cbhII can be independently controlled. The latter is so far the only cellulase gene found to be expressed when the fungus is grown on oat spelt arabinoxylan, suggesting that it may play an active role in the xylanolytic as well as the cellulolytic systems.
Digital Image Steganography Based on Assignment Algorithm and Combination of DCT-IWT

In this paper a novel image steganography technique that combines the Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is proposed. It embeds secret image in frequency domain of cover image with high matching quality by using Munkres' assignment algorithm. Also, we embed the secret image in different coefficients of cover image bands such as horizontal detail, vertical detail and diagonal detail and observe the effect of embedding on the performance of stego image in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Histogram Error (HE). Experimental results depict that stego image and extracted secret image could have high visual quality and they are perceptually similar to their original versions. In addition, this method shows high robustness against six different attacks. Also, our method is examined with wavelet based steganalysis algorithm. The results prove the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.
Ten-year optical monitoring of PKS 0735+178: historical comparison, multiband behavior, and variability timescales

Aims. New data and results on the optical behavior of the prominent blazar PKS 0735+178 (also known as OI 158, S3 0735+17, DA 237, IES 0735+178, 3EG J0737+1721) are presented, through the most continuous BVR/data available in the period 1994-2004 (about 500 nights of observations). In addition, the whole historical light curve, and a new photometric calibration of comparison stars in the field of this source are reported. Methods. Several methods for time series analysis of sparse data sets are developed, adapted, and applied to the reconstructed historical light curve and to each observing season of our unpublished optical database on PKS 0735+178. Optical spectral indexes are calculated from the multi-band observations and studied on long-term (years) durations as well. For the first time in this source, variability modes, characteristic timescales, and the signal power spectrum are explored and identified over 3 decades in time with sufficient statistics. The novel investigation of mid-term optical scales (days, weeks), could be also applied and compared to blazar gamma-ray light curves that will be provided, on the same timescales, by the forthcoming GLAST observatory. Results. In the last 10 years the optical emission of PKS 0735+178 exhibited a rather achromatic behavior and a variability mode resembling the shot-noise. The source was at an intermediate or low brightness level, showing a mild flaring activity and a superimposition/succession of rapid and slower flares, without extraordinary and isolated outbursts, but, at any rate, characterized by one major active phase in 2001. Several mid-term scales of variability were found, the more common falling into duration intervals of about 27-28 days, 50-56 days and 76-79 days. Rapid variability in the historical light curve appears to be modulated by a general, slower, and rather oscillating temporal trend, where typical amplitudes of about 4.5, 8.5, and 11-13 years can be identified. This spectral and temporal analysis, accompanying our data publication, suggests the occurrence of distinctive signatures at mid-term durations that can likely be of transitory nature. On the other hand the possible pseudo-cyclical or multi-component modulations at long times could be more stable, recurrent and correlated to the bimodal radio flux behavior and the twisted radio structure observed over several years in this blazar.
SECOND LAW ANALYSIS ON RADIATIVE SLIP FLOW OF NANOFLUID OVER A STRETCHING SHEET IN THE PRESENCE OF LORENTZ FORCE AND HEAT GENERATION/ABSORPTION

In this article, we analyzed the second law of thermodynamics applied to an electrically conducting incompressible water based nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation and uniform heat generation/absorption both analytically and numerically. The basic boundary layer equations are non-linear PDEs which are converted into non-linear ODEs using scaling transformation. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using hypergeometric function and numerically by the fourth order Runge Kutta method with shooting iteration technique. The effects of partial slip parameter with the nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, uniform heat generation/absorption parameter, suction parameter, dimensionless group parameter, Hartmann number and Reynolds number on the entropy generation are discussed for various nanoparticles such as Cu, Ag, Al2O3 and T iO2. It is found that the entropy generation enhances with the increase of magnetic parameter and Hartmann number and decreases with slip parameter.
Decoupling of microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in response to extreme temperature events

Analysis of disturbance effects on multiple microbial processes elucidates response of biogeochemical cycling to climate extremes. Predicted changes in the intensity and frequency of climate extremes urge a better mechanistic understanding of the stress response of microbially mediated carbon (C) and nutrient cycling processes. We analyzed the resistance and resilience of microbial C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling processes and microbial community composition in decomposing plant litter to transient, but severe, temperature disturbances, namely, freeze-thaw and heat. Disturbances led temporarily to a more rapid cycling of C and N but caused a down-regulation of P cycling. In contrast to the fast recovery of the initially stimulated C and N processes, we found a slow recovery of P mineralization rates, which was not accompanied by significant changes in community composition. The functional and structural responses to the two distinct temperature disturbances were markedly similar, suggesting that direct negative physical effects and costs associated with the stress response were comparable. Moreover, the stress response of extracellular enzyme activities, but not that of intracellular microbial processes (for example, respiration or N mineralization), was dependent on the nutrient content of the resource through its effect on microbial physiology and community composition. Our laboratory study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of microbial functional stress responses that can serve as a basis for field studies and, in particular, illustrates the need for a closer integration of microbial C-N-P interactions into climate extremes research.
The Imitation Game as a Method for Exploring Knowledge(s) of Chronic Illness

Medical sociology has traditionally contrasted the bio-medical knowledge of healthcare professionals with the socially situated knowledge possessed by patients. These differences are particularly important in chronic conditions where patients can develop highly sophisticated understandings of their disease and its symptoms. In this paper we use a novel research method – The Imitation Game – to explore how far the experiential knowledge of patients can be appreciated and understood by medical professionals. We examine the extent to which professional dietitians were able to reproduce the discourse of people diagnosed with coeliac disease and show that dietitians were able to ‘pass' as patients with coeliac disease but that a control group of lay people could not. We also briefly explore the domains of knowledge in which dietitians tended to be more or less successful and reflect on the utility of the research for medical sociology and the training of healthcare professionals.