Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment

This article responds to the call for the identification of a core essence of organizational commitment. Since this call 14 years ago, scholars studying organizational commitment have not come to an agreement as to the nature of organizational commitment, and how it develops. The research’s fragmentation creates a problem in a time when practitioners are looking toward organizational commitment interventions to attract, retain, and develop talent and enhance employee performance. With organizational commitment research remaining confounding and fragmented, further clarification of what commitment is and how it develops is warranted and important to guide future research and evidence-based practice. Through a review of the competing and overlapping organizational commitment theoretical frameworks and the empirical research on the consequences of affective organizational commitment, this article proposes a conceptual framework in which affective commitment, or the emotional attachment to the organization, is an important core essence of organizational commitment.
Altered Connexin 43 Expression Underlies Age-Dependent Decrease of Regulatory T Cell Suppressor Function in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most extensively studied autoimmune diseases, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to T cell–mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells are still not well understood. In this study, we show that regulatory T cells (Tregs) in NOD mice undergo age-dependent loss of suppressor functions exacerbated by the decreased ability of activated effector T cells to upregulate Foxp3 and generate Tregs in the peripheral organs. This age-dependent loss is associated with reduced intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions, which is caused by impaired upregulation and decreased expression of connexin 43. Regulatory functions can be corrected, even in T cells isolated from aged, diabetic mice, by a synergistic activity of retinoic acid, TGF-β, and IL-2, which enhance connexin 43 and Foxp3 expression in Tregs and restore the ability of conventional CD4+ T cells to upregulate Foxp3 and generate peripherally derived Tregs. Moreover, we demonstrate that suppression mediated by Tregs from diabetic mice is enhanced by a novel reagent, which facilitates gap junction aggregation. In summary, our report identifies gap junction–mediated intercellular communication as an important component of the Treg suppression mechanism compromised in NOD mice and suggests how Treg mediated immune regulation can be improved.
Differences in attachment between herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 viruses to neurons and glial cells

Fractions of nerve cell perikarya, synaptosomes, and astrocytic glia were prepared from human, monkey , rabbit, rat, and mouse brain tissue. The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) binding capacity of these fractions was studied. Pretreatment of fractions with one type of HSV and the subsequent testing of adsorption of homotypic and heterotypic virus ws employed to reveal type selectivity of virus binding receptors. A higher density of HSV-1 than of HSV-2 selective receptors was found on synaptosomes and glial cells, except with mouse-derived preparations. Synaptosomal and glial cell preparations of mouse brains adsorbed both types of HSV well. Little or no adsorption was observed with HSV-1 and HSV-2 to neuronal perikarya. The type selectivity of HSV binding receptors on brain cells ws demonstrated on preparations of human synaptosomes and mouse glial cells. Some possible implications of the observations on the HSV infection of the nervous system are discussed.
KESEPIAN PADA LANJUT USIA: STUDI TENTANG BENTUK, FAKTOR PENCETUS DAN STRATEGI KOPING

This study aimed to: 1) explore forms of loneliness experienced by the elderly, 2) identify factors that triggered the loneliness in the elderly, 3) explore the coping strategies used by the elderly in overcoming loneliness. Study sites were in East Purwokerto, and South Purwokerto. There were eight primary informants for this research. Four participants were in East Purwokerto and the other four were in South Purwokerto. In addition, there were secondary informants consisted of children and neighbors of the primary informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observation. Data were processed by an interactive analysis model. This study found that all the elderly experienced loneliness mixture. Six participants experienced emotional anxiety and situational anxiety and two participants experienced emotional anxiety and social anxiety. Factors related to the emergence of loneliness in 8 participants were: 1) loss of a figure who could provide them with attention, 2) loss of social integration which was related both to the absence of friends whom they could communicate with and to their reluctance to communicate, 3) the feeling of being left by the people whom they loved. All participants developed emotional coping to overcome the loneliness in different methods, namely three participants used self-control method and five participants used self-control and positive reappraisal. Key words: lonely, elderly, coping strategies
Joint Decode-and-Forward and Cooperative Jamming for Secure Wireless Communications

In a cooperative wireless network, we exploited node cooperation for achieving physical layer based security. In this paper, the case of one source-destination pair with the help of multiple cooperating nodes(relay nodes and jamming nodes) in the presence of one eavesdropper was considered to improve the performance of secure wireless communications. A novel cooperative scheme joint decode-and-forward and cooperative jamming(JDFCJ) was proposed. In this scheme, the relay nodes transmit a weighted version of the source signals and the jamming nodes just transmit a common weighted jamming signal to confound the eavesdropper. The novel system design is proposed to minimize the transmit power subject to a secrecy rate constraint. For JDFCJ, the optimal power allocation is obtained in closed-form in the condition of the complete nulling of jamming signals at the destination. The numerical evaluation of the transmit power results shows that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the performance of secure wireless communications, as compared to the DF scheme.
Cu(II) and Ni(II) Interactions with the Terminally Blocked Hexapeptide Ac-Leu-Ala-His-Tyr-Asn-Lys-amide Model of Histone H2B (80–85)

The N- and C-terminal blocked hexapeptide Ac-Leu-Ala-His-Tyr-Asn-Lys-amide (LAHYNK) representing the 80–85 fragment of histone H2B was synthesized and its interactions with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions were studied by potentiometric, UV-Vis, CD, EPR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques in solution. Our data reveal that the imidazole N(3) nitrogen atom is the primary ligating group for both metal ions. Sequential amide groups deprotonation and subsequent coordination to metal ions indicated an {Nimidazole, 3Namide} coordination mode above pH∼9, in all cases. In the case of Cu(II)-peptide system, the almost exclusive formation of the predominant species CuL in neutral media accounting for almost 98% of the total metal ion concentration at pH 7.3 strongly indicates that at physiological pH values the sequence -LAHYNK- of histone H2B provides very efficient binding sites for metal ions. The imidazole pyrrole N(1) ionization (but not coordination) was also detected in species CuH−4L present in solution above pH ∼ 11.
Rod contributions to the electroretinogram of the dark‐adapted developing zebrafish

Anatomical studies of the developing zebrafish retina have shown that rods approach maturity at about 15 days postfertilization (dpf). Past work has examined the photopic spectral sensitivity function of the developing zebrafish, but not spectral sensitivity under dark‐adapted conditions. This study examined rod contributions to the dark‐adapted spectral sensitivity function of the ERG b‐wave component in developing zebrafish. ERG responses to stimuli of various wavelengths and irradiances were obtained from dark‐adapted fish at 6–8, 13–15, 21–24, and 27–29 dpf. The results show that dark‐adapted spectral sensitivity varied with age. Spectral sensitivity functions of the 6–8 and 13–15 dpf groups appeared to be cone dominated and contained little or no rod contributions. Spectral sensitivity functions of the 21–24 and 27–29 dpf groups appeared to have both rod and cone contributions. Even at the oldest age group tested, the dark‐adapted spectral sensitivity function did not match the adult function. Thus, consistent with anatomical findings, the rod contributions to the ERG spectral sensitivity function appear to develop with age; however, these contributions are still not adult‐like by 29 dpf, which is contrary to anatomical work. These results illustrate that the zebrafish is an excellent model for visual development. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beyond the pulmonary arteries: alternative diagnoses in children with MDCT pulmonary angiography negative for pulmonary embolism.

OBJECTIVE A potential advantage of pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) is its ability to show alternative diagnoses in patients without evidence of pulmonary embolism (PE), but the frequency and spectrum of alternative diagnoses have yet to be determined in the pediatric population. Our purpose was to determine the frequency and types of alternative diagnoses identified in children with clinically suspected but excluded PE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used our hospital information system to identify all consecutive pediatric patients (< 18 years old) with clinically suspected PE who underwent pulmonary CTA from July 2004 to March 2008. Two experienced pediatric radiologists reviewed by consensus a series of 96 consecutive diagnostic-quality pulmonary CTA studies without evidence of PE from 89 patients. Each study was systematically reviewed by consensus for a possible alternative diagnosis in the lungs, mediastinum, central airways, cardiovascular system, pleura, and skeleton. RESULTS The study population consisted of 89 children (28 boys and 61 girls; mean age 13.4 +/- 4.7 years; range, 2 months-18 years; 34 inpatients, 62 outpatients) who underwent a total of 96 pulmonary CTA studies without evidence of PE. Thirty-nine (41%) of 96 pulmonary CTA studies were normal. Alternative diagnoses were identified for each of the remaining 57 (59%) studies, including: pneumonia (n = 22), atelectasis (n = 22), malignancy (n = 3), congenital heart disease (n = 2), pulmonary hypertension (n = 2), pericardial effusion (n = 2), pulmonary nodules (n = 1), rib fractures (n = 1), right atrial thrombus (n = 1), and fat embolism (n = 1). Seventeen patients showed pleural effusions that were associated with coexisting pneumonia (n = 8), atelectasis (n = 8), or rib fractures (n = 1). CONCLUSION Among children with clinically suspected but excluded PE, pulmonary CTA frequently shows positive findings. Although pneumonia and atelectasis are most common, a variety of other alternative diagnoses may be detected throughout the thorax.
Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows

Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.
Healing Response of Rat pulp Treated with an Injectable Keratin Hydrogel

Background Keratin has shown promising outcomes as a biomaterial due to its inherent bioactivity, biocompatibility and regenerative effects. The effect of keratin on repair and regeneration of dental tissues has never been studied before. Current therapies to treat pulp tissues involve its replacement with inert, synthetic materials that do not have a proper biological function, leading to failure and tooth loss. This study aimed to develop a biocompatible keratin hydrogel (KH) suitable for pulp therapies. Methods Keratins extracted from sheep wool were isolated, quantified and reconstituted to form KH. Different concentrations of keratin gel suitable for dental application were characterized by rheological analysis. The optimized gel based on flow characteristics was studied further for microstructure including porosity, percentage swelling ratio and contact angle measurements, using analytical tools such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-computed tomography and goniometer. To assess both biocompatibility and pulpal response, KH was implanted into rat upper molar teeth following partial pulpotomy. After 28 days, the tissue sections were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical methods to identify dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) formation and compared with control (Ca(OH)2-treated) teeth. Results The results of the study demonstrated a viscous and injectable, porous, dimensionally stable, hydrophilic and biocompatible gel that allowed pulp healing to occur by a reparative response, with widespread DMP-1 expression. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that keratins can be developed as a biomaterial source for alternate biological treatment options for pulp therapies.
The inhibition of the potassium channel TASK-1 in rat cardiac muscle by endothelin-1 is mediated by phospholipase C.

AIMS The two-pore-domain potassium channel TASK-1 is robustly inhibited by the activation of receptors coupled to the Gα(q) subgroup of G-proteins, but the signal transduction pathway is still unclear. We have studied the mechanisms by which endothelin receptors inhibit the current carried by TASK-1 channels (I(TASK)) in cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Patch-clamp measurements were carried out in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. I(TASK) was identified by extracellular acidification to pH 6.0 and by the application of the TASK-1 blockers A293 and A1899. Endothelin-1 completely inhibited I(TASK) with an EC(50) of <10 nM; this effect was mainly mediated by endothelin-A receptors. Application of 20 nM endothelin-1 caused a significant increase in action potential duration under control conditions; this was significantly reduced after pre-incubation of the cardiomyocytes with 200 nM A1899. The inhibition of I(TASK) by endothelin-1 was not affected by inhibitors of protein kinase C or rho kinase, but was strongly reduced by U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC). The ability of endothelin-1 to activate PLC-mediated signalling pathways was examined in mammalian cells transfected with TASK-1 and the endothelin-A receptor using patch-clamp measurements and total internal reflection microscopy. U73122 prevented the inhibition of I(TASK) by endothelin-1 and blocked PLC-mediated signalling, as verified with a fluorescent probe for phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate hydrolysis. CONCLUSION Our results show that I(TASK) in rat cardiomyocytes is controlled by endothelin-1 and suggest that the inhibition of TASK-1 via endothelin receptors is mediated by the activation of PLC. The prolongation of the action potential observed with 20 nM endothelin-1 was mainly due to the inhibition of I(TASK).
An All-Consuming Century: Why Commercialism Won in Modern America

Red Scuvu, the published doctoral dissertation research of Kegin Schmidt, of the University of Copenhagen, probes a wealth of archival sources, particularly the investigative case files of tht: Bureau of Investigations for 1908-1922, to understand the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s role in anticommunist politics. In the first chapter, Schmidt delineates his main themes. First, the FBI’s political role predated the cold war, originating during the post-World War I Red Scare. Second, that political rolc resulted not from public hysteria or the manipulations of an autonomous bureau but from the Progressive-era movement toward centralization of power in the federal govcrnment. Here Schmidt presents an alternative interpretation to Robert Murray’s The Red Scare (1955), the standard work on the first Ked Scare, which stresses the public hysteria. Schmidt’s interpretation also challenges several recent works stressing the machinations of the FBI’s powerful head, J . Edgar Hoover. According to Schmidt, the FBI’s political role was a product of the modern presidency’s need for political intelligence dealing with domestic unrest and foreign subversive threats. Focusing primarily on the period from 1919 to 1921, Schmidt argues that as early as 1919, political leaders, including President Woodrow Wilson himself, had an ideological and national interest in an antiradical crusade. The Radical Division of the Bureau of Investigations, thc precursor to the FBI, was not a maverick bureaucracy but was under the close supervision of the Justice Department. During the first Red Scare, the bureau cooperated with red-hunting activities on the local level, even helping to draft some state antiradical legislation. Schmidt further shows how the Palmer raids were rationally planned at the initiative of ambitious and aggressive Justice Department officials. After the Red Scare waned, Congress allowed the bureau’s political and surveillance activities to continue since they w r e directed against radicals and those outsidc the mainstream. Even in 1924. following disclosures that the bureau was used against executive branch critics in Congress, no laws were passed to restrict the bureau’s activities; Congress left it to the discretion of the executive, reflecting a shift of power during the Progressive era from Congress to the presidency. Schmidt makes a strong case that the FBI’s political activities had become institutionalized long before the post-World War I1 era. Red Scare is a well-researched study that offers a new perspective on the role of the FBI in twentieth-century anticommunist politics. It should be of interest more to professional historians than to undergraduate students or the general reading public.
Suprasellar Rathke Cleft Cysts: Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes

BACKGROUND Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs), benign remnants of the Rathke pouch typically arising in the sella, sometimes have suprasellar extension. Purely suprasellar RCCs are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE To compare the presentations, surgical outcomes, and pathology of purely suprasellar RCCs and sellar-based RCCs. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records, magnetic resonance images, laboratory results, and pathology of 151 RCC patients surgically managed at our institution from 1989 to 2009. The RCCs were classified as purely sellar (type I, n = 76), sellar with suprasellar extension (type II, n = 56), or purely suprasellar (type III, n = 19). RESULTS The RCCs with a suprasellar component (types II and III) more commonly presented with visual dysfunction (P < .001). Complete cyst drainage occurred in 89%, 55%, and 38% of type I, II, and III RCCs, respectively (P < .001). Vision improved in 100%, 55%, and 33% and headache improved in 74%, 64%, and 29% of type I, II, and III patients, respectively (P = .02). Temporary or permanent postoperative diabetes insipidus occurred in 5%, 16%, and 21% of type I, II, and III patients, respectively. (P < .001). In a multivariate analysis, RCC type was the only factor predicting recurrence. Kaplan-Meier 3-year recurrence/progression rates were 0%, 16%, and 29% for type I, II, and III RCCs, respectively (P < .001, type I vs II, type I vs III; P = .5 type II vs III). CONCLUSION The RCCs with a suprasellar component are neurosurgically challenging because of their proximity to the optic chiasm and infundibulum. Compared with sellar-based RCCs, RCCs with a suprasellar component more frequently present with visual dysfunction, are more difficult to completely eliminate, recur more frequently, and are associated with higher postoperative endocrine morbidity, and their preoperative visual dysfunction and headache less frequently improve with surgery. These factors must be considered during the treatment of RCCs with a suprasellar component. ABBREVIATIONS RCC: Rathke cleft cyst
An information theoretic approach to EEG-fMRI integration

The integration of signals from electro-encephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), acquired simultaneously from the same observer, holds great potential for the elucidation of the neurobiological underpinnings of human brain function. However, the most appropriate way in which to combine the data in order to achieve this goal is not clear. In this thesis, a symmetric and data-driven route to the integration of multimodal functional brain imaging data based on information theory is proposed. As a proof of principle, the framework, which was originally developed in the study of neuronal population codes, is applied in the experimental context of visually evoked responses and the neural underpinnings of visual perceptual decisions. The implications, benefits, and limitations of this theoretical framework for the analysis of simultaneously acquired EEG and fMRI data are discussed.