Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Gaps in Concussion Knowledge and Knowledge Translation Among Coaches of Youth Female Hockey.

OBJECTIVE To better understand the level of concussion knowledge of youth female hockey coaches and to identify preferred methods of knowledge translation for this population. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Participants independently completed written surveys before in-person concussion information sessions or online surveys through link provided in emails. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sampling yielded 130 coaches of youth female hockey from Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knowledge level on concussion, resources from which coaches obtained information on concussion, opinions on the current level of concussion knowledge, and knowledge translation. RESULTS Coaches demonstrated adequate knowledge on concussion, achieving 84% correct on true-false questions and 92% correct on symptom identification accuracy. However, coaches showed limited awareness of concussion specific to mechanisms for injury (identification) and postconcussion symptoms. Internet resources were rated as the most used resources for concussion yet were not rated very helpful. Nonetheless, coaches indicated online courses and web sites as the most preferred method for concussion knowledge translation. CONCLUSIONS Youth female hockey coaches have overall adequate knowledge of concussion; however, gaps in knowledge do exist. Future efforts to raise the concussion knowledge among coaches of female youth hockey should include information specific to the mechanism of injury, along with sign and symptom identification, with particular attention paid to emotional symptoms. Given the reported preferences and the widespread availability of the Internet, further exploration and research validation of online courses and web sites tailored to the youth female hockey community is encouraged.
Professionalism and the preparation of early childhood education practitioners

The call for reform in early childhood education has resulted in proposals for improving the level of professionalism among early childhood practitioners and the establishment of credentialling systems. A further result has been the modification of state early childhood teacher certification. This paper argues that the integration of new knowledge emerging from studies of practice and child development can help raise levels of professionalism.
Selection of telemarketing employees by standardized assessment procedures

Previous marketing research has focused on the optimal use of an existing salesforce, reflecting relatively little interest in the effects of salesforce selection on subsequent sales performance. A predictive validity study is described herein in which 85 telemarketing employees in a large telecommunications company were, prior to being hired, administered a battery of cognitive-ability and self-report trait measures. Three months later they were assessed on their job performance. Two cognitive-ability tests—one measuring perceptual speed and accuracy, the other, divergent thinking ability—and a number of scales from both a widely used personality questionnaire (the California Psychological Inventory [CPI]) and a special-purpose telemarketing selection instrument (the Telemarketing Applicant Inventory) yielded significant validities (of between 0.18 and 0.41) for at least one of several aggregated job-performance measures. A predictively-effective composite was derived, consisting of the two cognitive-ability tests noted and three CPI scales (Self-Acceptance, Socialization, and Achievement via Conformance). The composite yielded statistically-significant and useful predictive validities (of between 0.32 and 0.49) for several aggregated job-performance criteria. Utility analysis—a technique often used to examine the organizational consequences of selection strategies—was performed, with the present results reflecting substantial gains to the hiring organization. The reported research highlights the importance of effective hiring practices in achieving optimal subsequent salesforce performance. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Financial Contracting, Signal-Jamming, and Entry Deterrence

We study the relationship between financial contracting and entry deterrence when the potential entrant observes the market price but does not observe the financial contract. This leads to the possibility that the entrant and the lender have different beliefs about the incumbent's costs, due to uncertainty in the demand for the good. We show that as a result, the incumbent produces a different level of output in the first period and the probability of entry increases compared to the case when the entrant observes the financial contract.
Why Paez Is Not a Barbacoan Language: The Nonexistence of "Moguex" and the Use of Early Sources

La linguistique historique repose sur l'utilisation de sources. Dans la reconstruction de l'histoire des langues, les donnees les plus anciennes sont evidemment les plus recherchees. Mais cela pose parfois certains problemes, que l'A. examine ici, apportant des corrections a une classification erronee de certaines langues equatoriales et colombiennes
Adaptive antenna adjustment for 3D urban wireless mesh networks

We design and evaluate a new type of wireless mesh nodes called Dyntenna nodes that are equipped with steerable omnidirectional antenna. Designed for 3D wireless mesh networks, these nodes adaptively adjust the antenna orientation to increase throughput by improving the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) reading between nodes. We demonstrate the importance of being able to programmatically orient the antenna, by presenting the measurement results from our 3D urban mesh testbed. We propose a simple antenna adjustment algorithm that can improve the throughput for 26% of one-hop paths and 35% of multi-hop paths by a median value of 31% and 46%, respectively. Our algorithm converges quickly and typically probes less than 10% of all possible antenna orientations on average.
Testosterone inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency in the male sheep.

The objective was to determine the effect of chronic testosterone (T) treatment on GnRH and LH secretion in wethers. Rams were either castrated only or castrated and immediately treated with Silastic implants containing T. Several weeks later, a device for collecting hypophyseal-portal blood was surgically implanted. Six to seven days later, blood samples were collected simultaneously and continuously from the portal vessels and jugular vein of pairs of conscious animals. Samples were divided at 10-min intervals for 6-12 h. One hour before the end of collection, all animals received i.v. injections of 250 ng of GnRH. In samples collected simultaneously from 6 pairs of animals, T reduced the frequency of both GnRH pulses (1.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.3/h, p less than 0.03) and LH pulses (1.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.3/h, p less than 0.03). T did not alter amplitude of either GnRH or LH pulses. Testosterone reduced mean GnRH (9.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.9 +/- 0.5 pg/ml, p less than 0.05), whereas mean LH was not significantly reduced (9.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.8 ng/ml, p = 0.16). These results support the hypothesis that T reduces GnRH pulse frequency.
Viable cold-tolerant iron-reducing microorganisms in geographically diverse subglacial environments

Abstract. Subglacial environments are known to harbour metabolically diverse microbial communities. These microbial communities drive chemical weathering of underlying bedrock and influence the geochemistry of glacial meltwater. Despite its importance in weathering reactions, the microbial cycling of iron in subglacial environments, in particular the role of microbial iron reduction, is poorly understood. In this study we address the prevalence of viable iron-reducing microorganisms in subglacial sediments from five geographically isolated glaciers. Iron-reducing enrichment cultures were established with sediment from beneath Engabreen (Norway), Finsterwalderbreen (Svalbard), Leverett and Russell glaciers (Greenland), and Lower Wright Glacier (Antarctica). Rates of iron reduction were higher at 4 °C compared with 15 °C in all but one duplicated second-generation enrichment culture, indicative of cold-tolerant and perhaps cold-adapted iron reducers. Analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes indicates Desulfosporosinus were the dominant iron-reducing microorganisms in low-temperature Engabreen, Finsterwalderbreen and Lower Wright Glacier enrichments, and Geobacter dominated in Russell and Leverett enrichments. Results from this study suggest microbial iron reduction is widespread in subglacial environments and may have important implications for global biogeochemical iron cycling and export to marine ecosystems.
Giftedness considered from the perspective of research on learning and instruction

This article argues that research and educational practices relating to gifted students can highly benefit by linking up more closely with the mainstream of research on learning and instruction. The CLIA-model for the design of powerful learning environments that consists of four interconnected components (Competence, Learning, Intervention, and Assessment) is thereby used as a framework. The kind of learning processes needed to acquire adaptive competence are well in tune with features of exceptional performance, namely active, constructive, self-regulated and goal-oriented learning. Therefore gifted students should be taught in powerful learning environments that induce in them learning processes that embody those characteristics. Interventions focused on gifted students such as acceleration, grouping and differentiated instruction can benefit from taking into account the components and characteristics of the CLIA-model.
The politics of the police

Studies and Management, University of Ulster, Jordanstown. Corbett, C. , 2003. Car crime. Cullompton: Willan. Innes, M. , 2009. The ‘death’ of Dixon? Policing gun crime and the end of the generalist police constable in England and Wales. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 9, 337 357. IPCC, 2007. Stockwell one: investigation into the shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes at Stockwell underground station on 22 July 2005. London: Independent Police Complains Commission. Klinger, D. , 2004. Into the kill zone: a cop’s eye view of deadly force. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. Plaster, J.L. , and Maj., 1993. The ultimate sniper: an advanced training manual for military and police snipers. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. Punch, M. , 2009. Police corruption: deviance, accountability and reform in policing. Collumpton: Willan. Squires, P., and Kennison, P., 2010. Shooting to kill? Policing, firearms and armed response. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. Urban, M. , 1992. Big boys’ rules. London: Faber and Faber. Waddington, P.A. J., and Wright, M. , 2008. Police use of force, firearms and riot control. In: T. Newburn, ed. Handbook of policing. Collumpton: Willan, 465 496.
Tau protein function in living cells

Tau protein from mammalian brain promotes microtubule polymerization in vitro and is induced during nerve cell differentiation. However, the effects of tau or any other microtubule-associated protein on tubulin assembly within cells are presently unknown. We have tested tau protein activity in vivo by microinjection into a cell type that has no endogenous tau protein. Immunofluorescence shows that tau protein microinjected into fibroblast cells associates specifically with microtubules. The injected tau protein increases tubulin polymerization and stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization. This increased polymerization does not, however, cause major changes in cell morphology or microtubule arrangement. Thus, tau protein acts in vivo primarily to induce tubulin assembly and stabilize microtubules, activities that may be necessary, but not sufficient, for neuronal morphogenesis.
What the student does: teaching for enhanced learning

Many teachers see major difficulties in maintaining academic standards in today's larger and more diversified classes. The problem becomes more tractable if learning outcomes are seen as more a function of students' activities than of their fixed characteristics. The teacher's job is then to organise the teaching/learning context so that all students are more likely to use the higher order learning processes which “academic” students use spontaneously. This may be achieved when all components are aligned, so that objectives express the kinds of understanding that we want from students, the teaching context encourages students to undertake the learning activities likely to achieve those understandings, and the assessment tasks tell students what activities are required of them, and tell us how well the objectives have been met. Two examples of aligned teaching systems are described: problem-based learning and the learning portfolio.
The Effectiveness of Corticosteroid Injection for De Quervain’s Stenosing Tenosynovitis (DQST): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

De Quervain’s stenosing tenosynovitis (DQST) treatments include corticosteroid injection around the tendon sheath; however there is some ambiguity concerning the efficacy of this treatment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the totality of evidence relating to the use of corticosteroid injection in DQST when compared to placebo or other active treatments. A systematic literature search was conducted in July 2014. Only randomized control trials (RCTs) were included. Outcome measures included impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction. Five RCTs were identified with 165 patients, 88 in the treatment group and 77 in the control group. Patients who received corticosteroid injection (n=142) had a higher rate of resolution of symptoms [RR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.25 to 5.37, p=0.05, I2=62%]. This group reported greater pain relief as assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at first assessment [mean difference -2.51, 95% CI: -3.11 to -1.90, p=0.0003, I2=65%] and demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in function (n=78) as measured by the DASH score and Dutch AIMS-HFF score [SMD -0.83, 95% CI: -1.54 to -0.12, p=0.02, I2=48]. This review confirms that corticosteroid injection results in a statistically significant increase in resolution of symptoms, pain relief and increased function in the treatment of DQST.
Transcriptomic Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with CTNNB1 Mutation

Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common solid tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. HCC is a particularly serious threat to the Chinese population. Although many molecular alterations are known to be involved in the tumorigenesis of hepatocytes, no systemic survey has examined the somatic mutations in HCC samples from Chinese patients. Our goal was to elucidate somatic mutations in Chinese HCC patients and investigate the possible molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis. Experimental Design A total of 110 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive HCC samples and 46 HBV-negative HCC samples were genotyped for hot-spot mutations in the CSF1R, CTNNB1, KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, ERBB2, MET, PIK3CA, JAK1, and SMO genes. The transcriptomes of the CTNNB1 mutation-positive HCC samples from the HBV-positive patients (CB+ HCC) were compared to adjacent non-cancerous livers, and significantly altered genes were functionally validated in vitro. Results CTNNB1 mutations accounted for the majority of the mutations detected in our study. A slightly higher mutation rate was found in the HBV-positive patients than in their negative counterparts. A distinct pattern of CTNNB1 mutation was detected in these two populations, and drastic changes at the transcriptomic level were detected in the CB+ tumors compared to adjacent non-cancerous livers. Potential tumor suppressors (FoxA3 and Onecut1) and oncogenes (MAFG and SSX1) were functionally validated. Conclusions Our work is the first systemic characterization of oncogenic mutations in HCC samples from Chinese patients. Targeting the Wnt-β-catenin pathway may represent a valid treatment option for Chinese HCC patients. Our work also suggests that targeting ONECUT1, FOXA3, SSX1, and MAFG may be a valid treatment option for CTNNB1 mutation positive HCC patients.
Reliability of criteria-based content analysis of child witness statements

Purpose. To assess the inter-judge and test-retest reliability of criteria-based content analysis, a system designed to evaluate statements by young victims and witnesses. Methods. Transcripts of interviews with 100 alleged victims of child sexual abuse were examined for the presence of 19 criteria by three judges on two occasions. Results. Total scores were highly reliable over time and across raters, but the inter-judge reliability of individual criteria varied. Five criteria were sufficiently unreliable that they should either be redefined or eliminated from use, whereas the remaining 14 criteria were reliable across judges. All 19 criteria had adequate test–retest reliability. Conclusions. With some revision, the CBCA system has sufficient reliability to be used as a psychometric procedure, provided adequate validity can also be demonstrated.
Order and security in the city: producing race and policing neoliberal spaces in South Africa

Abstract This paper examines the reproduction of racialized urban spaces in post-apartheid South Africa through a case study of the Central City Improvement District in Cape Town. Urban neoliberalism provides mechanisms of governance that reproduce spaces generated by apartheid under conditions of democracy. My focus is on private policing and the regulation of the central city through the socio-spatial ordering of downtown in ways that secure the interests of property owners and more affluent consumers. Private policing in this context produces a form of social ordering based on emerging conceptions of racialized citizenship linked to market access. It works to exclude or tightly regulate the black urban poor, who are unable to participate freely in this quasi-public neoliberal space, and to remove these ‘undesirable’ elements back into the townships. In doing so, it contributes to reproducing the spatial segregation and the racial identities of the apartheid period.
Solving the protein threading problem in parallel

We propose a network flow formulation for protein threading and show its equivalence with the shortest path problem on a graph with a very particular structure. The underlying mixed integer programming (MIP) model proves to be very appropriate for the protein threading problem - huge real-life instances have been solved in a reasonable time by using only a mixed integer optimizer instead of a special-purpose branch and bound algorithm. The properties of the MIP model allow decomposition of the main problem on a large number of subproblems (tasks). We show in this paper that a branch and bound-like algorithm can be efficiently applied to solving in parallel these tasks, which leads to a significant reduction in the total running time. Computational experiments with huge problem instances are presented.
Human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a cellular vehicle for malignant glioma gene therapy

Despite many advances in conventional treatment strategies, there is no effective treatment modality for malignant gliomas. Gene therapy may offer a promising option for gliomas and several gene therapy approaches have shown anti-tumor efficiency in previous studies. Mesenchymal stem cell-based gene therapies, in which stem cells are genetically engineered to express therapeutic molecules, have shown tremendous potential because of their innate homing ability. In this study, human menstrual blood-derived MSCs (MenSC), a novel type of multipotential MSCs displays tropism for human malignant glioma when used as a gene delivery vehicle for therapeutics. Secretable trimeric TRAIL (stTRAIL) contains the receptor-binding domain of TRAIL, a death ligand that induces apoptosis in tumor cells. To overexpress stTRAIL, MenSCs were infected with efficient adenoviral serotype 35 vectors that had no influence on its broad multipotency and low immunophenotype. The modified MenSCs served as an excellent local drug delivery system for tumor site-specific targeted delivery and demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in an animal xenografts tumor model of U-87 MG cells. The MenSC-stTRAIL cells induced antitumor effects in vitro by significantly increasing apoptosis (P < 0.05). It also significantly reduced tumor burden in vivo (P < 0.05). The results showed that the proliferation of tumor cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The MenSC, as a cellular delivery vehicle has a wide potential therapeutic role, which includes the treatment of tumors.
Body Image Dissatisfaction Is Increased in Male and Overweight/Obese Adolescents in Botswana

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine linkages between obesity, physical activity, and body image dissatisfaction, with consideration of socioeconomic status (SES) and urbanization in adolescents in Botswana. Materials and Methods. A nationally representative, cross-sectional survey in 707 secondary school students included measured height and weight to determine overweight (OW) or obesity (OB) using World Health Organization standards; physical activity (PA) using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; and body image satisfaction using the Body Ideals Questionnaire. SES was described by private school versus public school attendance. Results and Discussion. OW/OB students felt farther from ideal and greater dissatisfaction with their weight and body proportions than optimal weight students. Boys felt greater difference from ideal and more dissatisfaction with muscle tone, chest size, and strength than girls. Lower SES students and those from rural villages had more minutes of PA than higher SES or urban students. In this rapidly developing African country, these trends reflect the nutrition transition and offer opportunity to motivate OW/OB students and boys for PA as a health promotion obesity prevention behavior. Conclusions. As urbanization and improved SES are desirable and likely to continue, the public health system will be challenged to prevent obesity while preserving a healthy body image.
The development of brain network architecture

Brain connectivity shows protracted development throughout childhood and adolescence, and, as such, the topology of brain networks changes during this period. The complexity of these changes with development is reflected by regional differences in maturation. This study explored age‐related changes in network topology and regional developmental patterns during childhood and adolescence. We acquired two sets of Diffusion Weighted Imaging‐scans and anatomical T1‐weighted scans. The first dataset included 85 typically developing individuals (53 males; 32 females), aged between 7 and 23 years and was acquired on a Philips Achieva 1.5 Tesla scanner. A second dataset (N = 38) was acquired on a different (but identical) 1.5 T scanner and was used for independent replication of our results. We reconstructed whole brain networks using tractography. We operationalized fiber tract development as changes in mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity with age. Most fibers showed maturational changes in mean and radial diffusivity values throughout childhood and adolescence, likely reflecting increasing white matter integrity. The largest age‐related changes were observed in association fibers within and between the frontal and parietal lobes. Furthermore, there was a simultaneous age‐related decrease in average path length (P < 0.0001), increase in node strength (P < 0.0001) as well as network clustering (P = 0.001), which may reflect fine‐tuning of topological organization. These results suggest a sequential maturational model where connections between unimodal regions strengthen in childhood, followed by connections from these unimodal regions to association regions, while adolescence is characterized by the strengthening of connections between association regions within the frontal and parietal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 37:717–729, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.