Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Speed Estimations from a Moving Vehicle in Different Traffic Scenarios: Absence versus Presence of Traffic Flow

The aim of this research was to study the performance in a speed estimation task of a passenger travelling in a real car in different scenarios: a closed track used in previous experimental studies was compared with interurban traffic environment involving a secondary road and a highway. At the same time, the effect of sex and driving experience on speed estimation was analyzed. Thirty-six participants (18 male and 18 female, half of each group being drivers and half non-drivers) estimated the speed of the car in which they travelled as passengers. The actual speed values varied in the range of 40-100 km/h for the secondary road, 70-120 km/h for the highway condition, and 40-120 km/h for the track. The results obtained for the track in previous studies (Recarte & Nunes, 1996; Recarte, Conchillo, & Nunes, 2004, 2005) were replicated in the same condition and were also verified for the secondary road scenario. However, a different pattern of errors was found for the highway. From the viewpoint of psychophysics, the participants were more accurate on the without-traffic track than in real traffic conditions, considered as a whole. The differences found between road and highway are discussed. No effect was found for between- subject variables, sex, and driving experience. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar las estimaciones de la velocidad de un coche real circulando en diferentes escenarios: un circuito sin tráfico, utilizado en estudios experimentales previos, se compara con un escenario interurbano abierto al tráfico, consistente en un tramo de carretera convencional y un tramo de autovía. Asimismo se analiza el efecto del sexo y la experiencia de conducción sobre las estimaciones de la velocidad. Treinta y seis participantes (mitad varones, mitad mujeres y, por experiencia, mitad conductores y mitad no conductores) estimaron la velocidad del coche en el que iban sentados como pasajeros. Las velocidades a estimar variaron de 40 a 100 km/h en carretera, de 70 a 120 km/h en autovía, y de 40 a 120km/h en el circuito. Los resultados obtenidos en circuito replicaron los de estudios previos (Recarte y Nunes, 1996; Recarte, Conchillo y Nunes, 2004; 2005), y también los obtenidos en carretera. Sin embargo, la estimación en autovía presentó un patrón de errores diferente a los anteriores. Desde el punto de vista de la psicofísica, los sujetos estimaron con más precisión en el circuito sin tráfico que en las dos condiciones de tráfico real, carretera y autovía, en su conjunto. Se comentan las diferencias entre carretera y autovía. No se encontraron diferencias debidas a las variables inter-sujetos, sexo y experiencia en conducción.
Childhood Asthma and Environmental Exposures at Swimming Pools: State of the Science and Research Recommendations

Objectives Recent studies have explored the potential for swimming pool disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are respiratory irritants, to cause asthma in young children. Here we describe the state of the science on methods for understanding children’s exposure to DBPs and biologics at swimming pools and associations with new-onset childhood asthma and recommend a research agenda to improve our understanding of this issue. Data sources A workshop was held in Leuven, Belgium, 21–23 August 2007, to evaluate the literature and to develop a research agenda to better understand children’s exposures in the swimming pool environment and their potential associations with new-onset asthma. Participants, including clinicians, epidemiologists, exposure scientists, pool operations experts, and chemists, reviewed the literature, prepared background summaries, and held extensive discussions on the relevant published studies, knowledge of asthma characterization and exposures at swimming pools, and epidemiologic study designs. Synthesis Childhood swimming and new-onset childhood asthma have clear implications for public health. If attendance at indoor pools increases risk of childhood asthma, then concerns are warranted and action is necessary. If there is no such relationship, these concerns could unnecessarily deter children from indoor swimming and/or compromise water disinfection. Conclusions Current evidence of an association between childhood swimming and new-onset asthma is suggestive but not conclusive. Important data gaps need to be filled, particularly in exposure assessment and characterization of asthma in the very young. Participants recommended that additional evaluations using a multidisciplinary approach are needed to determine whether a clear association exists.
Sustained inattentional deafness for dynamic events

124 words Main text (including abstract, but excluding title, author affiliations, key words, highlights, acknowledgments, bibliography and figures): 3893 words Address correspondence to: Polly Dalton, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK. Email: polly.dalton@rhul.ac. uk Tel: (44) 1784 443516 Fax: (44) 1784 434347 Sustained inattentional deafness 2 Abstract It is now well-known that the absence of attention can leave us ‘blind’ to visual stimuli that are very obvious under normal viewing conditions (e.g. a person dressed as a gorilla; Simons & Chabris, 1999). However, the question of whether hearing can ever be susceptible to such effects remains open. Here, we present evidence that the absence of attention can leave people ‘deaf’ to the presence of an ‘auditory gorilla’ which is audible for 19 seconds and clearly noticeable under full attention. These findings provide the first ever demonstration of sustained inattentional deafness. The effect is all the more surprising because it occurs within a lifelike, three-dimensional auditory scene in which the unnoticed stimulus moves through the middle of several other dynamic auditory stimuli.It is now well-known that the absence of attention can leave us ‘blind’ to visual stimuli that are very obvious under normal viewing conditions (e.g. a person dressed as a gorilla; Simons & Chabris, 1999). However, the question of whether hearing can ever be susceptible to such effects remains open. Here, we present evidence that the absence of attention can leave people ‘deaf’ to the presence of an ‘auditory gorilla’ which is audible for 19 seconds and clearly noticeable under full attention. These findings provide the first ever demonstration of sustained inattentional deafness. The effect is all the more surprising because it occurs within a lifelike, three-dimensional auditory scene in which the unnoticed stimulus moves through the middle of several other dynamic auditory stimuli.
Cytogenesis in the Regeneration of Striated Muscles

Upon graduation, ten ye8l"s were spent in private practice and during the last tive years was also working at the Santo Tomas Charity Hospital in Oral Surge~. In July, 1963, he began a two y99.l' graduate program at Loyola University leading to a Iiaster of Seience in Oral Biology Degree. and a postgraduate CertifIcate in Oral Surgery. 111 The author would like to express his deepest appreciation to Dr. Patrick D. Toto, his thesis advisor, for the many suggestions, guidance and devoted interest in this investigation. To Dr. John J. OtMalley for his invaluable observations. remarkable ideas and comments in the draft ot this paper. Also tor his encouragement and comprehensive attitude during the past two years. To my Wife, Nydia, tor her understanding, patience and moral support, and also tor her help in typing this paper.
Sensitivity of economists during market allocation

In this study, it was found that economists were sensitive to different commodities based on their attitudes in terms of fairness toward the price mechanism, whereas non-economists did not exhibit significant sensitivity. This sensitivity was so strong that no self-selection effect could be found in economists in the case of a survey of a basic commodity, whereas there was a clear self-selection effect with a luxury commodity. After one semester with intensive expo-sure to microeconomic theory, the market affinity of economists increased in both cases, but their sensitivity persisted. Surprisingly, it was the allocation mechanism of "first come, first served" and not the price mechanism that was affected more in terms of fairness. The latter reflects equal treatment in terms of general perceptions, thus this could be interpreted as an increased aversion to inequality among economists.
Genomic basis of evolutionary change: evolving immunity

Complex traits are manifestations of intricate gene interaction networks. Evolution of complex traits revolves around the genetic variation in such networks. Genomics has increased our ability to investigate the complex gene interaction networks, and characterize the extent of genetic variation in these networks. Immunity is a complex trait, for which the ecological drivers and molecular networks are fairly well understood in Drosophila. By characterizing the natural variation in immunity, and mapping how the genome changes during the evolution of immunity in Drosophila, we can integrate our knowledge on the complex genetic architecture of traits and the molecular basis of evolutionary processes.
Adapting Cellular Networks to Whitespaces Spectrum

TV Whitespaces, recently opened up by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for unlicensed use, are seen as a potential cellular offload and/or standalone mechanism, especially in dense metros where the demand for throughput is high. In this paper, we use real data collected from whitespaces databases to empirically demonstrate features unique to whitespaces-power-spectrum tradeoff and spatial variation in spectrum availability. From this study, we conclude the need for whitespaces-specific adaptations to cellular networks so as to be able to extract maximum throughput and guarantee reliability. To tackle the effects of the power-spectrum tradeoff, we propose a novel base-station design that specifically uses low-power transmitters as a means to maximize throughput. This design co-locates and networks together many low-powered mode-I devices to act as a multiple-antenna array. We estimate the size of the array required to meet typical rate targets, and show that the array design significantly outperforms traditional designs in terms of throughput for a given cost. We then turn our attention to spatial variability and study its impact on the problem of locating base stations in a whitespaces network. Here, we propose spectrum-aware placement algorithms for whitespaces, which account for this spatial variability along with key parameters like user density. We show that such algorithms clearly outperform traditional placement algorithms and improve network coverage in this band.
Prevalence of Extra Roots in Permanent Mandibular First Molars in Iranian Population: A CBCT Analysis

Introduction: Having knowledge about the anatomy of root canal system is essential for success of endodontic treatment. The present study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), to evaluate the prevalence of third root in mandibular first molars in a selected Iranian population. Methods and Materials: A total of 386 CBCT images from subjects referred to oral and maxillofacial radiology department of dental faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 2011 to 2013 were selected and evaluated for this study and the cases with well-developed permanent mandibular first molars were included. The 3D images were reconstructed in axial cross sections and evaluated by two endodontists for the presence of the third extra lingual (radix entomolaris) or buccal (radix paramolaris) root. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate the relationship between gender and bilateral incidence of extra roots in mandibular first molars. Results: The distribution of three-rooted mandibular first molars with an additional root was 3%, (3.53% in female and 2.50% in male patients). There was no significant relationship between gender and bilateral occurrence of three-rooted mandibular first molars. Conclusion: The occurrence of three-rooted mandibular first molars in Iranian population is not uncommon which should be taken into consideration by the dental practitioners during root canal treatment of these teeth.
Impact of Perceptions of Organizational Politics on Employees’ Job Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy and Personal Political Skills

Organizational politics within the organization is considered as a source of stress and dissatisfaction among employees. Many organizations are working to eradicate organizational politics within them, but most of them are unsuccessful to eliminate this epidemic phenomenon. By using data from 101 employees from different organizations in Lahore-Pakistan, this study reviews the relationship between perception of organizational politics and job attitudes (OC, JS and IL). This study also examines the role of self-efficacy and personal political skills in moderating the relationship between organizational politics and job outcomes. The results of the study imply that perception of organizational politics has significant negative effects on organizational commitment and job satisfaction and a positive but insignificant relationship with intention to leave. Personal political skill and self-efficacy moderates the relationship between POP & job outcomes. Politically skilled employees with high level of self-efficacy remain committed even when the POP is high within the organization. Moreover, self-efficacy does not moderate the relationship between POP and job satisfaction.
Parents Taking Action: Reducing disparities through a culturally informed intervention for Latinx parents of children with autism

ABSTRACT Latinx children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are underserved in part due to a lack of culturally relevant evidence-based services. We conducted a randomized control trial to test the efficacy of a culturally informed parent education intervention to address this gap. We assigned 26 Latina mothers of children with ASD to receive the intervention immediately (N = 12) or after all assessments were conducted (N = 14). All participants received baseline and follow-up assessments. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant improvement in child and parent outcomes for the intervention group compared to the control. This intervention is a culturally tailored way to address disparities in services for Latinx children with ASD.
Vaccine Development to Treat Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice

A novel vaccine addressing the major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), senile plaque-like deposits of amyloid beta-protein (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangle-like structures, and glial proinflammatory cytokines, has been developed. The present vaccine takes a new approach to circumvent failures of previous ones tested in mice and humans, including the Elan-Wyeth vaccine (AN1792), which caused massive T-cell activation, resulting in a meningoencephalitis-like reaction. The EB101 vaccine consists of Aβ 1-42 delivered in a novel immunogen-adjuvant composed of liposomes-containing sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). EB101 was administered to APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice before and after AD-like pathological symptoms were detectable. Treatment with EB101 results in a marked reduction of Aβ plaque burden, decrease of neurofibrillary tangle-like structure density, and attenuation of astrocytosis. In this transgenic mouse model, EB101 reduces the basal immunological interaction between the T cells and immune activation markers in the affected hippocampal/cortical areas, consistent with decreased amyloidosis-induced inflammation. Therefore, immunization with EB101 prevents and reverses AD-like neuropathology in a significant manner by halting disease progression without developing behavioral spatial deficits in transgenic mice.
Real-financial interactions in macro-finance models

Even before the August 2007 credit crunch the interaction between real and financial variables had become a central issue in macroeconomics, particularly to Central Bankers. Different theoretical models tend to be used to analyse macro and finance issues and this raises the role of multiple models: Central Banks tend to use many models of the economy. This paper surveys some of the recent literature on macro-finance to examine two interacting questions: the use of multiple models by Central Banks and the theory on the relationships between macroeconomic and financial variables.
Patterns of cranial shape variation in the Papionini (Primates: Cercopithecinae).

Traditional classifications of the Old World monkey tribe Papionini (Primates: Cercopithecinae) recognized the mangabey genera Cercocebus and Lophocebus as sister taxa. However, molecular studies have consistently found the mangabeys to be diphyletic, with Cercocebus and Mandrillus forming a clade to the exclusion of all other papionins. Recent studies have identified cranial and postcranial features which distinguish the Cercocebus-Mandrillus clade, however the detailed similarities in cranial shape between the mangabey genera are more difficult to reconcile with the molecular evidence. Given the large size differential between members of the papionin molecular clades, it has frequently been suggested that allometric effects account for homoplasy in papionin cranial form. A combination of geometric morphometric, bivariate, and multivariate methods was used to evaluate the hypothesis that allometric scaling contributes to craniofacial similarities between like-sized papionin taxa. Patterns of allometric and size-independent cranial shape variation were subsequently described and related to known papionin phylogenetic relationships and patterns of development. Results confirm that allometric scaling of craniofacial shape characterized by positive facial allometry and negative neurocranial allometry is present across adult papionins. Pairwise comparisons of regression lines among genera revealed considerable homogeneity of scaling within the Papionini, however statistically significant differences in regression lines also were noted. In particular, Cercocebus and Lophocebus exhibit a shared slope and significant vertical displacement of their allometric lines relative to other papionins. These findings give no support to narrowly construed hypotheses of uniquely shared patterns of allometric scaling, either between sister taxa or across all papionins. However, more general allometric trends do appear to account for a substantial proportion of papionin cranial shape variation, most notably in those features which have influenced traditional morphological phylogenies. Examination of size-uncorrelated shape variation gives no clear support to molecular phylogenies, but underscores the absence of morphometric similarities between the mangabey genera when size effects are controlled. Patterns of allometric and size-uncorrelated shape variation indicate conservatism of cranial form in non- Theropithecus papionins, and suggest that Papio represents the primitive morphometric pattern for the African papionins. Lophocebus exhibits a divergent morphometric pattern, clearly distinguishable from other papionins, most notably Cercocebus. These results clarify patterns of cranial shape variation among the extant Papionini and lay the groundwork for studies of related fossil taxa.
INTERACTIVELY RESPONSIVE ANIMATION OF HUMAN WALKING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

Computer animation of human locomotion has become popular in recent years because of the desire to use human beings as synthetic actors in three-dimensional simulation environments. Researchers have proposed various motion control mechanisms to simulate human-like figure locomotion. However, most of the animation systems based on these control mechanisms are only suitable for animating human walking on flat ground, without obstacles. For walking on uneven terrain, which is fundamental in our daily life and critical in virtual environment applications, current systems either require major modification and enhancement, or require significant user intervention to control the motion. The main purpose of this study is to provide a new solution to the important problems of walking in various environments. In this dissertation, we present research into building an animation system which is capable of simulating human walking on varied terrain. Locomotion strategies and optimal control approaches are integrated into the system's motion control structure to allow the user to animate desired motion at different hierarchical levels of control. The results show that this system has three important advantages over most of the existing systems. First, the capability of simulating walking in different environments, such as uneven terrain or obstacle-cluttered environments. Second, interactive simulation can be easily achieved. Finally, a variety of walking styles can be interactively controlled. These advantages make it well suited for virtual environment applications, such as exploring new environments.
Empirical properties of large covariance matrices

The salient properties of large empirical covariance and correlation matrices are studied for three datasets of size 54, 55 and 330. The covariance is defined as a simple cross product of the returns, with weights that decay logarithmically slowly. The key general properties of the covariance matrices are the following. The spectrum of the covariance is very static, except for the top three to 10 eigenvalues, and decay exponentially fast toward zero. The mean spectrum and spectral density show no particular feature that would separate ‘meaningful’ from ‘noisy’ eigenvalues. The spectrum of the correlation is more static, with three to five eigenvalues that have distinct dynamics. The mean projector of rank k on the leading subspace shows that a large part of the dynamics occurs in the eigenvectors. Together, this implies that the reduction of the covariance to a few leading static eigenmodes misses most of the dynamics. Finally, all the analysed properties of the dynamics of the covariance and correlation are similar. This indicates that a covariance estimator correctly evaluates both volatilities and correlations, and separate estimators are not required.
The pleasant odor reduces the brain activity and enhances behavioral performance during kanji word-color stroop task: A multi-fiber NIRS study

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effect of sensed pleasant odor on the increased psychological loading and brain activity due to the confliction and intervention by the difference between meaning of kanji words and word color. During word-color stroop task, brain activity was estimated by oxy-hemoglobin concentration (ΔO2Hb) and psychological loadings, i.e., status of the autonomic activity, was measured by ECG signal and peripheral blood flow. As a result, when the lavender aroma sensed, ΔO2Hb was decreased and mean response time was significantly shortened as compared with non-odor. The results indicate that the pleasant emotion evoked by the pleasant odor and further the calling effect by lavender aroma inhibited the over activity due to stoop task, and thus facilitate precise reading of the logographical kanji word and word color.
A New Design Based Software Coupling Metric

The increasing need for software quality measurements has led to extensive research into software metrics and the development of software metric tools. Creating components which are reusable is seen as one of the best practice in industry today. To create reusable components the dependency between each component should be as low as possible. Hence, to maintain high quality software, developers need to strive for a low-coupled and highly cohesive design. However, as mentioned by many researchers, coupling and cohesion metrics lack formal and standardized definitions and thus for each metric there is more than one interpretation. This paper introduces our view of measurement of coupling for Java projects and our implementation approach. Coupling metrics are calculated at class level by considering the relationships between the methods of classes.