Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy for preserving memory function in patients with hippocampal sclerosis

It remains unclear whether selective amygdalohippocampectomy, an operative technique developed for use in epilepsy surgery to spare unaffected brain tissue and thus minimize the cognitive consequences of temporal lobe surgery, actually leads to a better memory outcome. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of selective surgery on memory outcome in patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis treated by transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy (TSA). The results of the present study indicated that left TSA for hippocampal sclerosis tends to improve verbal memory function with preservation of other memory function. Right TSA for hippocampal sclerosis can lead to signifi cant improvement in verbal and nonverbal memory function, with the memory improvement observed one month after right TSA persisting until one year after surgery.
Targeting presynaptic norepinephrine transporter in brown adipose tissue: A novel imaging approach and potential treatment for diabetes and obesity

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a significant role in metabolism. In this study, we report the use of atomoxetine (a clinically applicable norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) for 18F‐FDG PET imaging of BAT and its effects on heat production and blood glucose concentration. Fasted‐male Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered with intravenous 18F‐FDG. The same rats were treated with atomoxetine (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min before 18F‐FDG administration. To confirm the β‐adrenergic effects, propranolol (β‐adrenergic inhibitor) 5 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally 30 min prior to atomoxetine administration. The effect of atomoxetine on BAT metabolism was assessed in fasted and non‐fasted rats and on BAT temperature and blood glucose in fasted rats. In 18F‐FDG PET/CT images, interscapular BAT (IBAT) and other areas of BAT were clearly visualized. When rats were fasted, atomoxetine (0.1 mg/kg) increased the 18F‐FDG uptake of IBAT by factor of 24 within 30 min. Propranolol reduced the average 18F‐FDG uptake of IBAT significantly. Autoradiography of IBAT and white adipose tissue confirmed the data obtained by PET. When rats were not fasted, atomoxetine‐induced increase of 18F‐FDG uptake in IBAT was delayed and occurred in 120 min. For comparison, direct stimulation of β3‐adrenreceptors in non‐fasted rats with CL‐316, 243 occurred within 30 min. Atomoxetine‐induced IBAT activation was associated with higher IBAT temperature and lower blood glucose. This was mediated by inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake transporters in IBAT leading to increased norepinephrine concentration in the synapse. Increased synaptic norepinephrine activates β3‐adrenreceptors resulting in BAT hypermetabolism that is visible and quantifiable by 18F‐FDG PET/CT. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Media, Technology And Everyday Life In Europe: From Information To Communication

Contents: Introduction, Roger Silverstone. Inclusion and Exclusion: Inclusion and exclusion in the information society, Kees Brants and Valerie Frissen Mapping diasporic media cultures: a transnational cultural approach to exclusion, Myria Georgiou ICT-usage among transnational social movements in the networked society: to organise, to mobilise and to debate, Bart Cammaerts ICT and the everyday life experiences of less-abled people, Dorothee Durieux. Consumption and the Quality of Life: Consumption and quality of life in a digital world, Yves Punie, Marc Bogdanowicz, Anne-Jorunn Berg, Caroline Pauwels and Jean-Claude Burgelman Internet consumption in Ireland: towards a 'connected' domestic life, Katie Ward The everyday of extreme flexibility: the case of migrant researchers' use of new information and communication technologies, Thomas Berker The discourse of the perfect future: young people and new technologies, Maren Hartmann The future of ambient intelligence in Europe: the need for more everyday life, Yves Punie. Methodology and Policy: The information society in Europe: methods and methodologies, FranA ois Pichault, Dorothee Durieux and Roger Silverstone ICTs in everyday life: public policy implications for 'Europe's way to the information society', Paschal Preston Towards the 'communication society', Roger Silverstone and Knut H. SA,rensen Glossary, prepared by Anita Howarth, Index.
The relationship between job satisfaction of academicians and lifetime satisfaction

In this study, the academic staff’s job satisfaction and life satisfaction levels of differentiation were formed by their own working conditions between the different variables to determine whether or not the academic staff’s working conditions have affected their job satisfaction levels, and in what direction has the effect of life satisfaction been revealed. To measure the relationship between job and life satisfaction, statistical analysis of data collected from 281 other programs were carried out using SPSS 11.0. The reliability of the data analyzed for internal consistency was measured, then the demographic variables associated with the dependent variable for analysis of variance was performed. Finally, correlation and regression analyses were carried out by applying the variable relationship between the "job satisfaction scale" determined by Cronbach's alpha values (0.74) and the "life satisfaction scale" determined by Cronbach's alpha values (0.77). The research was conducted with the survey method. The study sample comprised academic staff in public universities in Ankara Province. The “life satisfaction scale” developed by Diener and Industry (1985) and "job satisfaction scale" developed by Rothen and Brayfield (1951) were used. The results indicated that there is a relationship between job and life satisfaction. Academic staff in terms of job satisfaction shows no difference with regards to gender and task areas, but differences were found between career and marital status. Thus, single staff and professors had higher levels of job satisfaction. Also, the same variables examined in terms of life satisfaction, sex, marital status, career status and responsibilities among the differences in women (unmarried and career high ones) and the health of employees in the life satisfaction levels are higher than that which has been seen. Key words: Academic staff job satisfaction, life satisfaction.
Emotion Regulation in Romantic Relationships: The Cognitive Consequences of Concealing Feelings

People frequently regulate the emotions that arise during tense social interactions. Common regulation strategies include cognitive reappraisal, which involves interpreting a situation in positive terms, and expressive suppression, which involves inhibiting overt signs of inner emotional states. According to our analysis, during tense social interactions reappraisal should (i) increase memory for what was said, whereas suppression should (ii) decrease memory for what was said, and (iii) increase memory for emotions. To test these predictions, we experimentally manipulated reappraisal and suppression in dating couples as they discussed a relationship conflict. As predicted, memory for conversation utterances was increased by reappraisal and decreased by suppression, and memory for emotional reactions was increased by suppression. Self-monitoring mediated the effect of suppression on memory for emotional reactions, but not for conversation utterances. These findings suggest that, if it is important to preserve the fidelity of cognitive functioning during emotionally trying social interactions, some forms of emotion regulation may have more to recommend them than others.
Characteristics of wet work in the cleaning industry

Wet work is the main cause of occupational contact dermatitis in the cleaning industry. Dermatologists and occupational physicians need to base their primary and secondary prevention for workers in the cleaning industry on the characteristics of wet work exposures. We quantified the burden of wet work in professional office cleaning activities with a continuous standardized observation by trained observers of 41 office cleaners. Duration and frequency of wet work exposure and of different cleaning activities were assessed. Wet work made up 50% of such cleaning work. Within a typical 3‐hr shift, a mean frequency of 68 episodes of wet work was observed, which classifies office cleaning as wet work. Skin exposure to irritants was markedly different among cleaners who did the same cleaning activities. Reduction in skin irritation can be achieved by training the workers. Because this group of workers, who have a low level of education, has a high risk of developing irritant hand dermatitis, a special effort on training and instruction should be made. A reduction of exposure can be achieved by: using gloves more often; using gloves for a shorter period of time; using gloves while doing activities that otherwise cause the skin to be in contact with water and cleaning substances and washing hands with water only, reserving soap for when the hands are visibly dirty.
Central Mechanisms of Menthol-Induced Analgesia

Menthol is one of the most commonly used chemicals in our daily life, not only because of its fresh flavor and cooling feeling but also because of its medical benefit. Previous studies have suggested that menthol produces analgesic action in acute and neuropathic pain through peripheral mechanisms. However, the central actions and mechanisms of menthol remain unclear. Here, we report that menthol has direct effects on the spinal cord. Menthol decreased both ipsilateral and contralateral pain hypersensitivity induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in a dose-dependent manner. Menthol also reduced both first and second phases of formalin-induced spontaneous nocifensive behavior. We then identified the potential central mechanisms underlying the analgesic effect of menthol. In cultured dorsal horn neurons, menthol induced inward and outward currents in a dose-dependent manner. The menthol-activated current was mediated by Cl− and blocked by bicuculline, suggesting that menthol activates γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. In addition, menthol blocked voltage-gated sodium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels in a voltage-, state-, and use-dependent manner. Furthermore, menthol reduced repetitive firing and action potential amplitude, decreased neuronal excitability, and blocked spontaneous synaptic transmission of cultured superficial dorsal horn neurons. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of brain menthol levels indicated that menthol was rapidly concentrated in the brain when administered systemically. Our results indicate that menthol produces its central analgesic action on inflammatory pain probably via the blockage of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels. These data provide molecular and cellular mechanisms by which menthol decreases neuronal excitability, therefore contributing to menthol-induced central analgesia.
Shyness, Self-Construal, Extraversion–Introversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism

Shyness is considered as a universal phenomenon and its prevalence rates vary across cultures. This study aimed at comparing the level of shyness, self-construal, and personality traits of extraversion, introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism among the college students from India, the host country, Africa; Iran; and Maldives, and Tibetan refugees in India (TRI), studying in different colleges at Mysore, India. Two hundred students (100 men and 100 women), age ranging from 17 to 30 years, were recruited based on stratified random sampling and were administered the Henderson/Zimbardo Shyness Questionnaire, Fernandez Scale of Independent–Interdependent Self-Construal, and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised. The results showed that shyness was significantly correlated with high introversion and high neuroticism scores. The results also showed that level of shyness varies significantly across different cultural groups and students from Maldives showed highest level of shyness whereas Iranian students had the lowest level of shyness. Although there was no significant gender difference, TRI males and Maldivian females had higher scores on shyness. Faith Orientation did not differentiate the prevalence of shyness among students of the different cultural groups. Shyness may be influenced by the culture from which one hails, and its level may vary depending on the nurturance.
Control of neuronal firing by dynamic parallel fiber feedback: implications for electrosensory reafference suppression

SUMMARY The cancellation of self-generated components of sensory inputs is a key function of sensory feedback pathways. In many systems, cerebellar parallel fiber feedback mediates this cancellation through anti-Hebbian plasticity, resulting in the generation of a negative image of the reafferent inputs. Parallel fiber feedback involves direct excitation and disynaptic inhibition as well as synaptic plasticity on multiple time scales. How the dynamics of these processes interact with anti-Hebbian plasticity to shape synaptic inputs and provide a cancellation mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the influence of parallel fiber feedback onto pyramidal neurons of the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) in weakly electric fish under open loop conditions. We mimicked naturalistic parallel fiber inputs in an ELL brain slice by implementing an experimentally based model of this synaptic pathway using dynamic clamp. We showed that as parallel fiber activity increases, the effective input to ELL pyramidal neurons changes from net excitation to net inhibition, resulting in a non-monotonic firing response. Using a model neuron, we found that this robust non-monotonic response is due to a shift from balanced excitation and inhibition at low parallel fiber input rates, to dominant inhibition at high input rates. We then showed that this non-monotonic response provides a simple basis for negative image generation. Through changes in the mean activation rate of parallel fibers, the feedback can switch roles between enhancement and suppression of sensory inputs in a manner that is directly determined by the slope of the non-monotonic response curve.
Decadência longe do poder: refundação e crise do PFL

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de refundacao do Partido da Frente Liberal (PFL), que resultou na troca de comando do partido e na substituicao da denominacao anterior da legenda por Democratas (DEM), em marco de 2007. A hipotese principal e que a transferencia do PFL para a oposicao, a partir de 2003, fato inedito na historia do partido, decorrente da chegada do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) ao poder federal, foi o evento determinante para a decisao de seus dirigentes de tentar dar nova imagem e identidade ao PFL. Argumenta-se tambem que a refundacao teve como objetivo reposicionar o PFL no mercado politico eleitoral brasileiro, de modo que pudesse atrair o apoio do eleitorado das cidades de medio e grande porte. Mostra-se que a passagem para a oposicao desencadeou o enfraquecimento do PFL. Entrevistas com dirigentes e politicos do partido, alem de documentos, material de divulgacao e pesquisas de opiniao publica produzidos pelo PFL/DEM foram utilizados para a analise e descricao da refundacao do PFL. Dados acerca da migracao partidaria e do desempenho eleitoral do partido antes e depois da passagem a oposicao ao governo Lula tambem foram empregados. Mostra-se que a passagem para a oposicao desencadeou o enfraquecimento do PFL. Dois movimentos conjugados provocaram o retraimento do partido: (i) a transferencia de politicos pefelistas para legendas aliadas ao governo Lula; (ii) o mau desempenho eleitoral na regiao Nordeste, reduto tradicional do PFL em sua fase governista e que passou a ser progressivamente dominado por partidos que apoiavam a administracao petista. Por fim, com base nos resultados das eleicoes municipais de 2000, 2004 e 2008, apresenta-se dados e testes estatisticos que sustentam a ideia de que os municipios menos desenvolvidos, menos populosos, localizados no Nordeste e cujas economias sao mais dependentes do setor publico possuem vies governista. Isto e, nessas localidades, mais do que no restante do pais, o poder local tende a alinhar-se com o poder federal. Tal tendencia parece fornecer uma boa explicacao para o retraimento do PFL nos municipios com as caracteristicas acima definidas. Os resultados aqui apresentados indicam a centralidade do poder federal no sistema politico brasileiro e a dificuldade de sobrevivencia de um partido de oposicao ao governo federal, especialmente quando nao controla governos estaduais importantes, como foi o caso do PFL a partir de 2006.
Mis/representation & Silence: Gendered Sex Work Discourse in the London Free Press

In December 2014, despite the Supreme Court of Canada finding Canada's prostitution laws unconstitutional, the Conservative government passed a bill criminalizing the buying of sex and the advertisement of sex for sale. Sex work has a long history as a hot-button topic, and it continues to remain newsworthy throughout the country. This public discussion in some contexts has privileged certain lobbyists and so-called advocates, disregarding or distorting the voices of sex workers themselves. This territory is starkly heteronormative, reinforcing gendered stereotypes and naturalizing certain types of heterosexual behaviour while ignoring a spectrum of other realities. By analysizing depictions of sex work published for 2013 in the London Free Press , a politically centre-right newspaper printed in a midsized Canadian city, this paper provides analysis of articles about sex work in the local-regional context of London, Ontario (Canada). Exposing a Foucauldian rarefaction of discourse, the analysis works to unveil ideological underpinnings, fleshing out a distorted gendered discourse.
Value of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion MRI in the Acute Phase of Transient Global Amnesia

Purpose Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a transitory, short-lasting neurological disorder characterized by a sudden onset of antero- and retrograde amnesia. Perfusion abnormalities in TGA have been evaluated mainly by use of positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In the present study we explore the value of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) in TGA in the acute phase. Methods From a MRI report database we identified TGA patients who underwent MRI including PWI in the acute phase and compared these to control subjects. Quantitative perfusion maps (cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV)) were generated and analyzed by use of Signal Processing In NMR-Software (SPIN). CBF and CBV values in subcortical brain regions were assessed by use of VOI created in FIRST, a model-based segmentation tool in the Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB) Software Library (FSL). Results Five TGA patients were included (2 men, 3 women). On PWI, no relevant perfusion alterations were found by visual inspection in TGA patients. Group comparisons for possible differences between TGA patients and control subjects showed significant lower rCBF values bilaterally in the hippocampus, in the left thalamus and globus pallidus as well as bilaterally in the putamen and the left caudate nucleus. Correspondingly, significant lower rCBV values were observed bilaterally in the hippocampus and the putamen as well as in the left caudate nucleus. Group comparisons for possible side differences in rCBF and rCBV values in TGA patients revealed a significant lower rCBV value in the left caudate nucleus. Conclusions Mere visual inspection of PWI is not sufficient for the assessment of perfusion changes in TGA in the acute phase. Group comparisons with healthy control subjects might be useful to detect subtle perfusion changes on PWI in TGA patients. However, this should be confirmed in larger data sets and serial PWI examinations.
Bulk damage in DMILL npn bipolar transistors caused by thermal neutrons versus protons and fast neutrons

DMILL bipolar transistors (npn) were exposed to 24 GeV protons and fast and thermal neutrons to fluences up to 6/spl middot/10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/. Transistor common emitter current gain (/spl beta/=I/sub collector//I/sub base/) was measured after irradiations. It was found that /spl beta/ degradation scales as /spl Delta/(1//spl beta/)=k/sub T//spl middot//spl Phi//sub T/ where /spl Phi//sub T/ is the fluence of thermal neutrons and as /spl Delta/(1//spl beta/)=k/sub eq//spl middot//spl Phi//sub eq/, with /spl Phi//sub eq/ 1-MeV equivalent fluence, if transistors are irradiated with protons or fast neutrons. Large damage factor k/sub T//spl sim/3/spl middot/k/sub eq/ was measured. Thermal neutrons do not have sufficient energy to displace a Si atom. Their damage mechanism is, therefore, identified with /sup 10/B(n,/spl alpha/)/sup 7/Li reaction from which energetic /spl alpha/ and Li particles produce bulk damage in the base of the device. Boron is used as the base dopant in these transistors having also highly doped regions below base contacts. Irradiations with neutrons with energies distributed from thermal to fast show that gain degradation adds up as /spl Delta/(1//spl beta/)=k/sub T//spl middot//spl Phi//sub T/+k/sub eq//spl middot//spl Phi//sub eq/.
Effects of Exposure to Community Violence and Family Violence on School Functioning Problems among Urban Youth: The Potential Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Adolescents who are exposed to violence during childhood are at an increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. The literature suggests that violence exposure might also have negative effects on school functioning, and that PTS might serve as a potential mediator in this association. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend prior research by examining PTS symptoms as a mediator of the relationship between two types of violence exposure and school functioning problems among adolescent youth from an urban setting. Participants included a sample of 121 junior high and high school students (M = 15 years; range = 13–16 years; 60 males, 61 females) within high-crime neighborhoods. Consistent with our hypotheses, community violence and family violence were associated with PTS symptoms and school functioning problems. Our data suggest that community and family violence were indirectly related to school functioning problems through PTS symptoms. Findings from this study demonstrate that PTS symptoms potentially mediate the relationship between violence exposure and school functioning problems across two settings (community and home). Future research should further examine protective factors that can prevent youth violence exposure as well as negative outcomes related to violence.
Investigating the Relationship among Language Learning Strategies, English Self‐Efficacy, and Explicit Strategy Instructions

The present study aims to investigate the relationship among EFL college learners' language learning strategies, English self-efficacy, and explicit strategy instruction from the perspectives of Social Cognitive Theory. Three constructs, namely language learning strategies, English learning self-efficacy, and explicit strategy instruction, were investigated through a correlational and quasi-experiment study. Besides the descriptive analysis of the learners' background information, a series of ANCOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficients were conducted to demonstrate findings from the quantitative data. Given the results, the study reveals two significant findings. First, there is a more positive correlation between language learning strategies and English self-efficacy after the strategy instruction. Second, after the strategy instruction, the learners applied more language learning strategies, especially memory strategies. Therefore, the findings of the study could possibly shed light on EFL learning and could be of help to those who are interested in strategy building and self-efficacy enhancement.