Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An integrated approach to research and manuscript development.

PURPOSE A stepwise process for planning, writing, and submitting a research manuscript to a peer-reviewed journal is described. SUMMARY The research project and writing-related activities should be conducted concurrently along a clear timeline developed with input from all members of the writing team. Issues of conformance to standards of scholarly publishing (e.g., ordering of the author list, contributor acknowledgments, disclosure statements) should be resolved and agreed on by all authors before manuscript development begins. After deciding on an appropriate hypothesis or research question, members of the writing team should meet to craft a detailed manuscript outline and identify a target journal. In addition to writing or coordinating the writing of the various manuscript sections, one designated team member (typically the lead, or primary, author) should be responsible for ensuring consistency of data presentation and overall article cohesion. Before submitting the manuscript to a journal, the writing team should solicit internal and external review and feedback from colleagues with expertise in statistical analysis and the research topic. Once an article is accepted by a journal, the corresponding author has primary responsibility for communicating with editors and coordinating the team's response to peer reviewer concerns and requests for revisions. CONCLUSION The process of writing and securing journal acceptance of manuscripts should proceed along a well-defined pathway integrating all research and writing tasks. Close adherence to the target journal's instructions for authors and prompt response to reviewer comments help avoid delays in the publication of accepted articles.
Do Credit Ratings Concerns Lead to Better Corporate Governance? Evidence from Korea

We study the 1997 Asian financial crisis to show that credit rating concerns affect firms' corporate governance. We treat the crisis as an exogenous shock that led to improvements in the informativeness of Korea's credit rating system, and we determine that credit rating concerns affect corporate governance following the crisis but not before the crisis. Moreover, this effect is concentrated in firms that are in chaebol business groups, consistent with their increased dependence on external financing. Finally, we find that firms that were particularly affected by the reforms demonstrate an increased reliance on debt that is dependent on credit ratings, consistent with our hypothesized effects of this exogenous shock. Our paper presents a novel approach to evaluating whether managers would improve their firms' corporate governance in response to their credit rating concerns, and it highlights the wide-ranging effects of reforms that are implemented due to financial crises.
Companion Animals as Selfobjects

ABSTRACT This research examined whether self psychology could be systematically applied to human–animal relationships. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted, which consisted of 16 questions designed to illuminate selfobject needs. The interviews were intended to identify whether the horse/dog/cat/rabbit was a selfobject, that is, a provider of self-cohesion, self esteem, calmness, soothing, and acceptance, for the participant and, if so, whether the primary type(s) of selfobject was mirroring, idealizing, or twinship. Results revealed that self psychology could be applied successfully to human–animal relationships, that it could usually be determined whether the animal served a selfobject function, and that selfobject type was generally able to be established. In this sample, animals rivaled and even surpassed humans in their ability to provide important selfobject needs.
Personality hardiness differentiates elite‐level sport performers

Abstract Hardiness has three components: commitment to full involvement in life (commitment), belief in personal control over events (control), and enjoyment of challenge and opportunity (challenge). Evidence drawn across a variety of work environments suggests that these hardiness components facilitate optimal functioning. However, to date, only minimal empirical attention has been devoted to replicating such findings in the realm of competitive sport. This study examined the potential of the hardiness construct in differentiating elite‐level sport performers. Volunteers (N = 1566; M = 21.7 years; SD = 4.2) were drawn from 16 sport classifications and were presently competing at international, national, county/provincial, or club/regional competitive levels. They completed the 18‐item Personal Views Survey III‐R in their respective training camps. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that international competitors scored significantly higher (p < .001) in commitment and total hardiness compared to counterparts in each of the other three competitive levels, and they scored higher in control in comparison to national and club performers when adjustments were made for age, type of sport, category of sport, and gender. This research identifies that a psychological profile that includes high levels of hardiness appears to distinguish elite‐level competitors from subelite performers. Implications and future research suggestions are discussed
A Comprehensive Study of 2000 Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. The Sample

This is the first paper in a series dedicated to the study of the emission-line and continuum properties of narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s). We carried out a systematic search for NLS1s from objects assigned as "QSOs" or "galaxies" in the spectroscopic sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3 (SDSS DR3) by a careful modeling of their emission lines and continua. The result is a uniform sample comprising ~2000 NLS1s. This sample dramatically increases the number of known NLS1s by a factor of ~10 over previous compilations. This paper presents the parameters of the prominent emission lines and continua, which were measured accurately with typical uncertainties <10%. Taking advantage of such an unprecedented large and uniform sample with accurately measured spectral parameters, we carried out various statistical analyses, some of which were only possible for the first time. The main results found are as follows. (1) Within the overall Seyfert 1 population, the incidence of NLS1s is strongly dependent on the optical, X-ray, and radio luminosities as well as the radio loudness. The fraction of NLS1s peaks around SDSS g-band absolute magnitude Mg ~ -22 mag in the optical and ~1043.2 ergs s-1 in the soft X-ray band, and decreases quickly as the radio loudness increases. (2) On average the relative Fe II emission, R4570 = Fe λλ4434-4684/Hβ, in NLS1s is about twice that in normal active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and is anticorrelated with the broad component width of the Balmer emission lines. (3) The well-known anticorrelation between the width of broad low-ionization lines and the soft X-ray spectral slope for broad line AGNs extends down to FWHM ~ 1000 km s-1 in NLS1s, but the trend appears to reverse at still smaller line widths. (4) The equivalent width of Hβ and Fe II emission lines are strongly correlated with the Hβ and continuum luminosities. (5) We do not find any difference between NLS1s and normal AGNs in regard to the narrow line region. (6) We have examined the black hole mass versus stellar velocity dispersion (MBH-σ*) relation for a subsample of 308 NLS1s for which σ* could be measured directly from fitting the starlight in the SDSS spectra with our stellar spectral templates. A significant correlation between MBH and σ* is found, but with the bulk of black hole masses falling below the values expected from the MBH-σ* relation for normal galaxies and normal AGNs. This result indicates that NLS1s are underage AGNs, where the growth of the SMBH lags behind the formation of the galactic bulge. (7) We also find that the FWHM of [N II] line is well correlated with σ* in 206 NLS1s, for which both parameters could be derived with reasonable accuracy. The [N II] width can predict the stellar velocity dispersion to an accuracy of ~30%. A similar MBH-σ* relation could be found for a larger sample of 613 NLS1s on making use of the more reliable measurements of FWHM[N II].
Distribution and determinants of trihalomethane concentrations in indoor swimming pools

Objectives: For many decades chlorination has been used as a major disinfectant process for public drinking and swimming pool water in many countries. However, there has been rising concern over the possible link between disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) and adverse reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) in some indoor swimming pools in London and their variation within and between pools and any correlation with other factors. Methods: Water samples were collected from eight different indoor swimming pools in London. A total of 44 pool samples were collected and analysed for total organic content (TOC) and THMs. Water and air temperature were measured along with the pH during the collection of pool samples. The level of turbulence and the number of people in the pool at the time were also assessed. Results: The geometric mean concentration for all swimming pools of TOC was 5.8 mg/l, of total THMs (TTHMs) 132.4 μg/l, and for chloroform 113.3 μg/l. There was a clear positive linear correlation between the number of people in the swimming pool and concentrations of TTHMs and chloroform (r=0.7, p<0.01), and a good correlation between concentrations of TOC and TTHMs (r=0.5, p<0.05) and water temperature and concentrations of TTHMs (r=0.5, p<0.01). There was a larger variation in THMs within pools than between pools. Conclusion: Relatively high concentrations of THMs were found in London's indoor swimming pools. The levels correlated with the number of people in the pool, water temperature, and TOC. The variation in concentrations of THMs was greater within pools than between pools.
Sense of Community and Its Association With the Neighborhood Built Environment

We investigated the influence of neighborhood built form on sense of community in Perth, Western Australia. It was hypothesized that sense of community would be stronger in individuals living in pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods. Multivariate linear regression models explored associations between walking and sense of community, with progressive adjustment for objective and perceived neighborhood characteristics. Sense of community was positively associated with walking for transport and positive perceptions of neighborhood quality, and negatively associated with residential density. The findings highlight the influence of local area perceptions on sense of community that appeared to be more important than objective environment characteristics. However, the latter may influence perceptions, and this requires investigation.
The hidden opportunity cost of time effect on intertemporal choice

An interesting phenomenon called “hidden opportunity cost of time effect” was detected in intertemporal choices. The majority of our participants preferred the smaller but sooner (SS) option to the larger but later (LL) option if opportunity cost was explicit. However, a higher proportion of participants preferred the LL to SS option if opportunity cost was hidden. This shift violates the invariance principle and opens a new way to encourage future-oriented behavior. By simply mentioning the “obvious” opportunity cost of alternatives, decision makers can be more informed in prioritizing their long-term goals rather than short-term goals.
Echovirus 1 interaction with the isolated VLA-2 I domain

The isolated I domain of the integrin VLA-2, produced as a bacterial fusion protein, specifically bound echovirus 1 and prevented virus attachment to cells. These results demonstrate that the receptor structures critical for virus attachment are contained solely within the VLA-2 I domain and that soluble receptor fragments are capable of preventing infection.
Amizade na adultez: fatores individuais, ambientais, situacionais e diádicos

The present study investigated individual, environmental, situational, and dyadic factors in best-friends relationships according to Fehr’s model. The participants, 676 adults 18 to 58 years-old, completed questionnaires to assess factors related to Fehr’s model. The results showed the importance of living proximity as an environmental factor in the establishment of friendships in general and of similarity in the constitution of friendship, mainly between males and their friends. Among women, the frequency of contact by phone was a major factor. The high frequency of additional best-friends for both men and women raised questions about their understanding of what is a best-friend and about the use of this construct to describe an exclusive and high status relationship between two individuals. Keywords: friendship; relationships; adulthood .
Sport imagery ability predicts trait confidence, and challenge and threat appraisal tendencies

Abstract The present study investigated the interplay among athletes' sport imagery ability, trait confidence, and tendency to appraise situations as a challenge and threat. The potential mediating role of trait confidence was also tested. A total of 207 athletes (M age =19.44; s=1.26; 90 female, 117 male) completed the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire to assess ease of imaging skill, strategy, goal, affect and mastery imagery, the confidence subscale of the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure trait confidence, and the Cognitive Appraisal Scale to assess tendencies to appraise sport situations as a challenge and as a threat. Structural equation modelling supported a model wherein mastery and goal imagery ability both positively predicted confidence, which in sequence positively predicted challenge appraisal and negatively predicted threat appraisal tendency. Partial support was found for confidence mediating the relationship between mastery imagery ability and appraisal tendencies. In addition, ease of imaging mastery and affect imagery directly predicted challenge appraisal tendency (positive direction), and ease of imaging mastery imagery directly predicted threat appraisal tendency (negative direction). Results highlight the importance of motivational imagery ability and the need to assess athletes' ability to image different content.
Bacteria-induced intracellular signalling in platelets

Abstract Multiple studies have now shown that various species of bacteria can stimulate platelets; many in a strain and donor-dependent manner. The signalling pathways underlying this platelet activation has been the subject of scrutiny for the last decade. The best-delineated pathway is that in response to Streptococcal species, such as Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) and Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis), where a pathway is initiated by the engagement of the low affinity IgG receptor, FcγRIIA. This leads to and involves the tyrosine kinase Syk, the adaptor protein Linker of Activated T Cells (LAT) and subsequently both phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K). Finally, this leads to the expression of the αIIbβ3 integrin, the synthesis and release of thromboxane A2 (T × A2) and the exocytosis of PF4, each of which plays a crucial role in secondary signalling and full platelet activation. Roles for other signalling pathways in Streptococcal-induced platelet activation are less clear, although an ADP-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, a glycoprotein Ib/IX/V-mediated pathway and perhaps a complement-induced pathway have each been proposed. Platelet activation by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) at least partially shares the FcγRIIA/Syk/PLCγ2/PI-3-K mechanism utilised by Streptococcal species. However, it has also been suggested that P. gingivalis activates platelets by two additional methods; stimulation of the protease-activated receptors leading to activation of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), and the engagement of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 by released lipopolysaccharide leading to an ill-defined pathway which may involve PI-3-K. Consequently, it appears that bacteria can stimulate platelets by eliciting multiple signalling pathways some of which are common, and some unique, to individual species.
Influence of Severe Carotid Stenosis on Cognition, Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life

Background: Carotid artery disease is not just a causal risk factor of ischemic stroke, but may predispose patients to depressive symptoms and low health related quality of life (HRQoL). Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to assess the association between severe carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and cognitive impairment, frequency of depressive symptoms and status of HRQoL. Methods: Cross - sectional study involved 55 patients with severe CAS and 54 patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Cognitive impairment was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), depressive symptoms - PHQ-9 scale. HRQoL was measured using Medical Outcome Survey Short Form version 2 (SF-36v2). Results: Median MoCA score 24 [23;26] was significantly lower in patients with severe CAS than in patients with PAD - 26 [25-28],(p=0.005; effect size r=0.3). There was no statistically significant difference of median PHQ-9 scores the in CAS group (median PHQ-9 score 4.0 [5]) and in the PAD group (median PHQ-9 score 5.5 [7]), (p=0.08, effect size r=0.18). Mean SF-36v2 scores were similar in CAS and PAD groups except for bodily pain (p=0.001, Cohen's d value = 0.77) and vitality (p=0.02, Cohen's d value = 0.49). Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate that severe CAS could play a role in cognitive decline. Further studies should be conducted using larger patient cohorts without ischemic brain lesions and with balanced vascular risk profiles to investigate impact of CAS on cognition. There was no association between severe CAS and depressive symptoms in the present study. As patients with severe CAS did not exhibit physical symptoms, HRQoL was better for those patients than for patients with lower extremity PAD.
SCA17 homozygote showing Huntington's disease‐like phenotype

We report a homozygous case of spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 with 48 glutamines. The age of the patient at disease onset was not lower than those of heterozygotes with the same CAG‐repeat sizes, but the clinical manifestations were rapidly progressive dementia and chorea. Neuronal loss was relatively restricted and most prominent in the Purkinje cell layer and striatum; however, intranuclear neuronal polyglutamine accumulation was widespread, with a high frequency in the cerebral cortex and striatum.
IVR and web administration in structured interviews utilizing rating scales: exploring the role of motivation as a moderator to mode effects

Survey researchers have reported differing results on frequency distributions when the same item is delivered via an interactive voice response (IVR) system versus the web. The current paper expands such research into the organizational research field and evaluated the hypothesis that respondent motivation affects the occurrence of mode differences. In this study, personnel selection instruments using five‐point Likert scales were administered to job applicants and job incumbents. Data were collected via IVR or via the web. With job incumbents, the mode effect observed was similar in magnitude to that observed in the survey research literature. However, with job applicants the mode effect was smaller.
The inverse loop transform

The loop transform in quantum gauge field theory can be recognized as the Fourier transform (or characteristic functional) of a measure on the space of generalized connections modulo gauge transformations. Since this space is a compact Hausdorff space, conversely, we know from the Riesz–Markov theorem that every positive linear functional on the space of continuous functions thereon qualifies as the loop transform of a regular Borel measure on the moduli space. In the present article we show how one can compute the finite joint distributions of a given characteristic functional, that is, we derive the inverse loop transform.
THE RÔLE OF THE PREMORBID PERSONALITY IN ARTERIOSCLEROTIC PSYCHOSES

A study of the clinical-anatomic relationships in arteriosclerotic psychoses reveals numerous inconsistencies, which indicate that different persons vary greatly in their ability to withstand cerebral damage. The observations suggest that individuals who are in any way handicapped psychologically are highly vulnerable to arteriosclerotic psychoses. A considerable number of patients displayed inadequate and unstable personalities; less frequently, situational stress was noted. Such patients break down mentally in the face of damage which persons of a stable make-up could successfully withstand. Extensive cerebral changes may produce a psychosis in anyone, but the anatomic factor can be regarded as all-important in only a minority of the group. In the other cases, responsibility for the psychosis is shared by factors of personality.
Fightin' Words: Lexical Feature Selection and Evaluation for Identifying the Content of Political Conflict

Entries in the burgeoning “text-as-data” movement are often accompanied by lists or visualizations of how word (or other lexical feature) usage differs across some pair or set of documents. These are intended either to establish some target semantic concept (like the content of partisan frames) to estimate word-specific measures that feed forward into another analysis (like locating parties in ideological space) or both. We discuss a variety of techniques for selecting words that capture partisan, or other, differences in political speech and for evaluating the relative importance of those words. We introduce and emphasize several new approaches based on Bayesian shrinkage and regularization. We illustrate the relative utility of these approaches with analyses of partisan, gender, and distributive speech in the U.S. Senate.
Discovery of Clinical Development Candidate GDC-0084, a Brain Penetrant Inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR

Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is an appealing approach to treat brain tumors, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We previously disclosed our successful approach to prospectively design potent and blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetrating PI3K inhibitors. The previously disclosed molecules were ultimately deemed not suitable for clinical development due to projected poor metabolic stability in humans. We, therefore, extended our studies to identify a BBB penetrating inhibitor of PI3K that was also projected to be metabolically stable in human. These efforts required identification of a distinct scaffold for PI3K inhibitors relative to our previous efforts and ultimately resulted in the identification of GDC-0084 (16). The discovery and preclinical characterization of this molecule are described within.
Relaxation-Based Multichannel Signal Combination (RELAX-MUSIC) for ROC Analysis of Percept-Related Neuronal Activity

In this letter, we consider how to combine neuronal signals from multiple electrodes to optimally predict behavioral choices from observed neural activity. The predictability is often quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, also called choice probability (CP) in neurophysiology. We exploit a distribution-free relaxation based multichannel signal combination (RELAX-MUSIC) approach that requires only simple pairwise combination and recursive implementation for optimizing the area under the ROC curve. A permutation test is employed to assess the statistical significance of the derived CP. We demonstrate that the RELAX-MUSIC approach outperforms the commonly used response pooling and Fisher linear discriminant (FLD) methods. The excellent performances of the RELAX-MUSIC approach for predicting perceptual decisions from neural activity are demonstrated via examples using simulated and experimental data