Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruptive Behavior and Factors Associated with Patient Safety Climate: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nurses’ and Physicians’ Perceptions

Background. Few studies have analyzed the negative outcomes of disruptive behaviors in the nurse-physician relationship in patient care and their impact on patient safety. These multicausal studies significantly relate to organizational, institutional, and professional attitudinal risk factors. Aim. Analyze healthcare professionals’ perceptions of disruptive behavior and factors associated with patient safety climate in the nurse-physician relationship at the hospital level. Methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 370 nurses and physicians assigned to different public hospitals in the Murcia/Spain region, applying the adapted and validated Spanish version of the Nurse-Physician Relationship Scale: Impact of Disruptive Behavior on Patient Care. The analysis used proportions or means (standard deviation (SD)), univariate and multivariate linear regression models, and the chi-square test. Results. Disruptive behavior was more prevalent in the ICU (81.6%) and the emergency department (67.8%). Professionals indicate that fear of reprisals is the main barrier to the reporting system. Likewise, stress and frustration are more associated with disruptive behavior and influence the safety climate. Conclusion. Professionals indicate that disruptive behaviors can have a negative impact on clinical outcomes. Age and type of service were identified as the most relevant socio-occupational factors. Stress, frustration, and communication problems are the factors that most influence the safety climate.
Development and survival of Triatoma barberi and Triatoma longipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is affected by Trypanosoma cruzi colonization

Triatomines are insect vectors of the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. This occurs when the triatomine defecates on the skin of the vertebrate host when it bites its host for feeding. This lesion causes the penetration of T. cruzi, whose infective phase is the tripomastigote, and the non-infective replicative phase epimastigote. Although the effects of T. cruzi on the development and survival of different species of triatomine bugs are known, it has not been fully described how the parasite affects many of the species that inhabit Mexico. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the presence of T. cruzi on triatomine development and survival. For this, five triatomines of each instar of each species, Triatoma barberi and Triatoma longipennis, were inoculated, from their second instar to their adult stage, female or male. Each triatomine was infected with 3-5 x105 parasites and they were incubated for 100 days and the kinetic of parasites in the feces and T. cruzi phases were recorded. The results showed that T. barberi and T. longipennis development was affected in all stages because of T. cruzi infection. It was greater for T. longipennis, both in its mortality, as well as time to molt in each phase.
Proteome-Wide Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Analysis Identify Therapeutic Targets for Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease. Although some biomarkers and drug targets of OA have been discovered and employed, limitations and challenges still exist in the targeted therapy of OA. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis has been regarded as a reliable analytic method to identify effective therapeutic targets. Thus, we aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets for OA and investigate their potential side effects based on MR analysis. In this study, two-sample MR, colocalization analysis, summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study (MR-PheWAS) were conducted. We firstly analyzed data from 4907 plasma proteins to identify potential therapeutic targets associated with OA. In addition, blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) data sources were used to perform additional validation. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was also constructed to delve into the interactions among identified proteins. Then, MR-PheWASs were utilized to assess the potential side effects of core therapeutic targets. After MR analysis and FDR correction, we identified twelve proteins as potential therapeutic targets for knee OA or hip OA. Colocalization analysis and additional validation supported our findings, and PPI networks revealed the interactions among identified proteins. Finally, we identified MAPK3 (OR = 0.855, 95% CI: 0.791–0.923, p = 6.88 × 10−5) and GZMK (OR = 1.278, 95% CI: 1.131–1.444, p = 8.58 × 10−5) as the core therapeutic targets for knee OA, and ITIH1 (OR = 0.847, 95% CI: 0.784–0.915, p = 2.44 × 10−5) for hip OA. A further MR phenome-wide association study revealed the potential side effects of treatments targeting MAPK3, GZMK, and ITIH1. This comprehensive study indicates twelve plasma proteins with potential roles in knee and hip OA as therapeutic targets. This advancement holds promise for the progression of OA drug development, and paves the way for more efficacious treatments of OA.
Multi‐layered inhibition of Streptomyces development: BldO is a dedicated repressor of whiB

BldD‐(c‐di‐GMP) sits on top of the regulatory network that controls differentiation in Streptomyces, repressing a large regulon of developmental genes when the bacteria are growing vegetatively. In this way, BldD functions as an inhibitor that blocks the initiation of sporulation. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of BldO, an additional developmental repressor that acts to sustain vegetative growth and prevent entry into sporulation. However, unlike the pleiotropic regulator BldD, we show that BldO functions as the dedicated repressor of a single key target gene, whiB, and that deletion of bldO or constitutive expression of whiB is sufficient to induce precocious hypersporulation.
Micro-/Nanopositioning Using Model Predictive Output Integral Discrete Sliding Mode Control

A piezo-driven micro-/nanopositioning system requires an appropriate controller to suppress the inherent nonlinearity and disturbances. In this paper, we propose a new control scheme called model predictive output integral discrete-time sliding mode control (MPOISMC) to achieve a precise positioning using a piezostage. The proposed controller is featured by an integral type of sliding function based on output error along with a sliding mode state observer. The major advantage of the scheme lies in that it is very easy to implement since it only requires a low-order linear model, whereas neither the bounds on system uncertainties nor the hysteresis model is needed. The model predictive control methodology and the integral item are used to eliminate chattering phenomenon, and a low tracking error is achieved. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MPOISMC approach are verified by experimental studies performed on a micro-/nanopositioning piezostage. Results show that a real-time precise positioning is realized and the performance of the controller is superior to the conventional PID control for motion tracking tasks. Owing to a simple structure, the control strategy can be easily extended to other types of micro-/nanopositioning systems as well.
The Structural Diversity of Deoxyribozymes

When not constrained to long double-helical arrangements, DNA is capable of forming structural arrangements that enable specific sequences to perform functions such as binding and catalysis under defined conditions. Through a process called in vitro selection, numerous catalytic DNAs, known as deoxyribozymes or DNAzymes, have been isolated. Many of these molecules have the potential to act as therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools. As such, a better understanding of the structural arrangements present in these functional DNAs will aid further efforts in the development and optimization of these useful molecules. Structural characterization of several deoxyribozymes through mutagenesis, in vitro re-selection, chemical probing and circular dichroism has revealed many distinct and elaborate structural classes. Deoxyribozymes have been found to contain diverse structural elements including helical junctions, pseudoknots, triplexes, and guanine quadruplexes. Some of these studies have further shown the repeated isolation of similar structural motifs in independent selection experiments for the same type of chemical reaction, suggesting that some structural motifs are well suited for catalyzing a specific chemical reaction. To investigate the extent of structural diversity possible in deoxyribozymes, a group of kinase deoxyribozymes have been extensively characterized. Such studies have discovered some interesting structural features of these DNAzymes while revealing some novel DNA structures.
Foetal testosterone and the child systemizing quotient

This study examines foetal testosterone (fT) levels (measured in amniotic fluid) as a candidate biological factor, influencing sex differences in systemizing. Systemizing is a cognitive process, defined as the drive to analyze or construct systems. A recent model of psychological sex differences suggests that this is a major dimension in which the sexes differ, with males being more drawn to systemize than females. Participants included 204 children (93 female), age 6-9 years, taking part in a long-term study on the effects of fT. The systemizing quotient - children's version was administered to these mothers to answer on behalf of their child. Males (mean=27.79±7.64) scored significantly higher than females (mean=22.59±7.53), confirming that boys systemize to a greater extent than girls. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that IT was the only significant predictor of systemizing preference when the sexes were examined together. Sex was not included in the final regression model, suggesting that IT levels play a greater role than the child's sex in terms of differences in systemizing preference. This study suggests that the levels of fT are a biological factor influencing cognitive sex differences and lends support to the empathizing-systemizing theory of sex differences.
Quantifying urban growth in 10 post-Soviet cities using Landsat data and machine learning

ABSTRACT Urbanization is one of the most irreversible anthropogenic forms of land use. Unplanned and rapid urban growth can result in environmental degradation, sprawl, and unsustainable production and consumption practices. The unique challenges facing the post-Soviet countries throughout the transition period highlight the critical need for a quantitative assessment of urban dynamics. Total of 32 Level-1 precision terrain corrected (L1T) Landsat scenes with 30 m resolution and auxiliary population and economic data were utilized to quantify the urban expansion dynamics in 10 cities across nine post-Soviet republics. Land cover was classified by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning algorithm with overall accuracies ranging from 87% to 97% for 29 classification maps over three time steps. The initial time step was the year 1989 ± 2, the middle time step was the year 2000 ± 2, and the final time step was the year 2015 ± 2. The results demonstrated several spatial and temporal urban expansion patterns across the post-Soviet region. The urban land area in several cities increased significantly over the study period. The average annual urban expansion rate was 1.6 ± 0.7 % per year for 10 cities over the study period and the average area of land converted to new urban environment was 227 ± 224 km2 with a corresponding average per cent increase of 54.5 ± 26.7%. Furthermore, the results demonstrated significant decrease in overall population densities across the 10 cities with an average decrease of −26.9 ± 14.8% over the study period. The urban expansion rates considerably outpaced the urban population growth rates in all 10 cities during the last quarter of a century, indicating more expansive urban growth patterns.
Modulation of Tramadol Release from a Hydrophobic Matrix: Implications of Formulations and Processing Variables

In the present investigation, hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCSO) was evaluated as a sustained release matrix for a freely soluble drug, tramadol. Hydrophobic matrix tablets of tramadol, was evaluated by compression of physical mixture of drug and wax, dispersion of drug in HCSO by hot fusion or solubilisation techniques. The method of preparation of tablet had a significant effect on drug release with higher release observed from direct compression matrices and slower release from matrix prepared by dispersion (hot-fused matrices). Influence of addition of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol 4000 and surfactants like sodium lauryl sulphate and polysorbate 20 to HCSO matrix on drug release was investigated. The added excipients exhibited a propensity to enhance drug release from the HCSO matrix. NaCMC was effective at a lower ratio (<10% w/w) and when incorporated at higher level made HCSO matrix to erode and disintegrate in a short period.
Diagnostic Accuracy in Detecting Fungal Infection with Ultra-Low-Dose Computed Tomography (ULD-CT) Using Filtered Back Projection (FBP) Technique in Immunocompromised Patients

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of ultra-low-dose (uLDCT) to standard-of-care low-dose chest CT (LDCT) in the detection of fungal infection in immunocompromised (IC) patients. Method and Materials: One hundred IC patients had paired chest CT scans performed with LDCT followed by uLDCT. The images were independently reviewed by three chest radiologists who assessed the image quality (IQ), diagnostic confidence, and detection of major (macro nodules, halo sign, cavitation, consolidation) and minor (4–10 mm nodules, ground-glass opacity) criteria for fungal disease using a five-point Likert score. Discrepant findings were adjudicated by a fourth chest radiologist. Box–whisker plots were used to analyze IQ and diagnostic confidence. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The statistical difference between LDCT and uLDCT results was assessed using Wilcoxon paired test. Results: Lung reconstructions had IQ and diagnostic confidence scores (mean ± std) of 4.52 ± 0.47 and 4.63 ± 0.51 for LDCT and 3.85 ± 0.77 and 4.01 ± 0.88 for uLDCT. The images were clinically acceptable except for uLDCT in obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), which had an IQ ranking from poor to excellent (scores 1 to 5). The accuracy in detecting major and minor radiological findings with uLDCT was 96% and 84% for all the patients. The inter-rater agreements were either moderate, good, or excellent, with ICC values of 0.51–0.96. There was no significant statistical difference between the uLDCT and LDCT ICC values (p = 0.25). The effective dose for uLDCT was one quarter that of LDCT (CTDIvol = 0.9 mGy vs. 3.7 mGy). Conclusions: Thoracic uLDCT, at a 75% dose reduction, can replace LDCT for the detection of fungal disease in IC patients with BMI < 30.0 kg/m2.
Features as an emergent product of computing perceptual cues relative to expectations

Speech perception must ultimately contrast between discrete units of meaning, words, which are minimally distinguished by phonological features. While traditional approaches argued that discreteness is imposed by mechanisms like categorical perception that discard within-category detail, recent research suggests that fine-grained detail is preserved throughout processing. We develop an alternative that argues that discreteness emerges from processes that parse overlapping sources of variance from the signal. These need not discard acoustic detail and may make it more useful to listeners. We develop a computational implementation (Computing Cues Relative to Expectations, C-CuRE) and test it on a corpus of vowel productions. It shows how C-CuRE reveals underlying vowel features despite contextual variance, and simultaneously uses the variance to better predict upcoming vowels.
Long-term dynamics of giant sequoia populations: implications for managing a pioneer species

My colleagues and I have analyzed the age structure of four populations of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz). We have found the following: (1) The amount of successful reproduction in a grove cannot be judged by the sizes of its trees. (2) Sequoia populations almost certainly were near equilibrium or increasing before the arrival of European settlers. (3) In this century, there has been a massive failure of sequoia reproduction in groves protected from fire but otherwise meant to be maintained in a natural state. (4) Before the arrival of European settlers, successful recru itment of mature sequoias d ep ended on fires intense enough to kill the forest canopy in small areas. Thus, sequoia is a pioneer species, and this conclusion has specific management implications.
MicroRNA Deregulations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

ABSTRACT Objectives Head and neck/oral cancer, predominantly head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is the sixth most common cancer in the world. While substantial advances have been made to define the genomic alterations associated with head and neck/oral cancer, most studies are focused on protein coding genes. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on identified genomic aberrations of non-coding genes (e.g., microRNA) in head and neck/oral cancer (HNOC), and their contribution to the initiation and progression of HNOC. Material and Methods A comprehensive review of the available literature relevant to microRNA deregulation in HNSCC/HNOC, was undertaken using PubMed, Medline, Scholar Google and Scopus. Keywords for the search were: microRNA and oral cancer, microRNA and squamous cell carcinoma, microRNA deregulation and oral cancer, microRNA and carcinogenesis in the head and neck/oral cavity. Only full length articles in the English language were included. Results We recently identified a panel of microRNA deregulations that were consistently observed in HNSCC [Chen et al., Oral Oncol. 2012;48(8):686-91], including 7 consistently up-regulated microRNAs (miR-21, miR-7, miR-155, miR-130b, miR-223, miR-34b), and 4 consistently down-regulated microRNAs (miR-100, miR-99a, miR-125b, miR-375). In this review, we will first provide an overview on microRNA and HNSCC. We will then provide a comprehensive review on the roles of microRNA deregulations in HNSCC. The functional significance of the identified HNSCC-associated microRNAs and a number of other relevant microRNAs (e.g., miR-138, miR-98, miR-137, miR-193a and miR-218) will be discussed in detail. Conclusions Based on current literature, microRNA deregulation plays a major role in head and neck/oral cancer.
Hypersomnia Associated with Bilateral Posterior Hypothalamic Lesion

We examined an obese 58-year-old patient with a bilateral posterior hypothalamic lesion of unknown etiology. A 24-hour polysomnography revealed a markedly increased total sleep time (17.6 h). During daytime, only 3 continuous wake phases occurred. REM periods occurred only between 5 p.m. and 6 a.m. We conclude from our results that, similar to the results from animal experiments, the posterior hypothalamus in humans plays a critical role in the maintenance of wakefulness.
The functional side of logic programming

In this paper we study the relationships between logic programming and functional programming, trying to rmswer the following basic question: to what extent is logic programming just functional programming in disguise? We develop a theory to formally express this correspondence, and exhibit a class that can by right be considered as the functional core of logic programming. Moreover, since the functional meaning of each program in this class is provided constructively, via a transformation from logic to functional mo~rams. we show how the obtained theoretical results are . V, useful also in the study of languages integration, termination issues, and practical implementations.
Silencing the Flavonoid Pathway in Medicago truncatula Inhibits Root Nodule Formation and Prevents Auxin Transport Regulation by Rhizobia[W]

Legumes form symbioses with rhizobia, which initiate the development of a new plant organ, the nodule. Flavonoids have long been hypothesized to regulate nodule development through their action as auxin transport inhibitors, but genetic proof has been missing. To test this hypothesis, we used RNA interference to silence chalcone synthase (CHS), the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of the flavonoid pathway, in Medicago truncatula. Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation was used to create hairy roots that showed strongly reduced CHS transcript levels and reduced levels of flavonoids in silenced roots. Flavonoid-deficient roots were unable to initiate nodules, even though normal root hair curling was observed. Nodule formation and flavonoid accumulation could be rescued by supplementation of plants with the precursor flavonoids naringenin and liquiritigenin. The flavonoid-deficient roots showed increased auxin transport compared with control roots. Inoculation with rhizobia reduced auxin transport in control roots after 24 h, similar to the action of the auxin transport inhibitor N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid (NPA). Rhizobia were unable to reduce auxin transport in flavonoid-deficient roots, even though NPA inhibited auxin transport. Our results present genetic evidence that root flavonoids are necessary for nodule initiation in M. truncatula and suggest that they act as auxin transport regulators.
Listeria monocytogenes switches from dissemination to persistence by adopting a vacuolar lifestyle in epithelial cells

Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a foodborne disease that poses serious risks to fetuses, newborns and immunocompromised adults. This intracellular bacterial pathogen proliferates in the host cytosol and exploits the host actin polymerization machinery to spread from cell-to-cell and disseminate in the host. Here, we report that during several days of infection in human hepatocytes or trophoblast cells, L. monocytogenes switches from this active motile lifestyle to a stage of persistence in vacuoles. Upon intercellular spread, bacteria gradually stopped producing the actin-nucleating protein ActA and became trapped in lysosome-like vacuoles termed Listeria-Containing Vacuoles (LisCVs). Subpopulations of bacteria resisted degradation in LisCVs and entered a slow/non-replicative state. During the subculture of host cells harboring LisCVs, bacteria showed a capacity to cycle between the vacuolar and the actin-based motility stages. When ActA was absent, such as in ΔactA mutants, vacuolar bacteria parasitized host cells in the so-called “viable but non-culturable” state (VBNC), preventing their detection by conventional colony counting methods. The exposure of infected cells to high doses of gentamicin did not trigger the formation of LisCVs, but selected for vacuolar and VBNC bacteria. Together, these results reveal the ability of L. monocytogenes to enter a persistent state in a subset of epithelial cells, which may favor the asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen, lengthen the incubation period of listeriosis, and promote bacterial survival during antibiotic therapy.