Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complications Associated With Gradual Cranial Vault Distraction Osteogenesis for the Treatment of Craniofacial Synostosis

Distraction osteogenesis has become a standard technique for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. The authors performed gradual cranial vault distraction osteogenesis in 19 patients with craniosynostosis to study the outcome and complications of this procedure. Postoperative infections developed around the shaft puncture wounds in four patients, including one who required surgical removal of the device. Advanced bone was deformed in one patient. In another, the expansion device was exposed, resulting in a postoperative scar. Despite these complications, the cranium was successfully expanded in all patients.
The metabolic load of stored blood. Implications for major transfusions in infants.

of venous and capillary sampling, but it would have been interesting to have had two groups, one in which capillary sampling preceded arterial sampling and one in which it was done afterwards. Our data did not show a variation in the white cell count, and I wonder what mechanism Dr Shohat proposes for his observed rise during and after lumbar puncture. These points emphasise the difficulties in establishing a reference range of white blood count values for infants, particularly preterm infants, and in interpreting results by comparing them with published ranges. Application of the International Committee for Standardisation in Haematology guidelines for the standardisation of blood specimen collection procedures for reference values is obviously impractical. but it is clear that the method of sampling does affect the results obtained. Many of the published ranges are based almost entirely on capillary sampling so that arterial sampling, which is commonly done in these intensively monitored infants, may lead to a diagnosis of neutropenia. Conversely, as Dr Shohat points out, a painful procedure performed shortly before sampling might cause a neutrophilia equivalent to that found in older children and adults after exercise.
Stress and Tone in the Phonology of Diuxi Mixtec

Abstract Each word in Diuxi Mixtec has a stressed syllable which is marked by a long vowel. In addition to this stress, some words have a second stress. This second stress occurs only on the last syllable of the word and is marked by intensity and by allotones of both high and low tone. There is a contrast of high versus low tone, and there are allotones which occur in relation to the presence versus absence of word-final stress.
Quantum mechanics: the key to understanding magnetism.

The existence of magnetic materials has been known almost since prehistoric times, but only in the 20th century has it been understood how and why the magnetic susceptibility is influenced by chemical composition or crystallographic structure. In the 19th century the pioneer work of Oersted, Ampere, Faraday, and Henry revealed the intimate connection between electricity and magnetism. Maxwell's classical field equations paved the way for the wireless telegraph and the radio. At the turn of the present century Zeeman and Lorentz received the second Nobel Prize in Physics for respectively observing and explaining in terms of classical theory the so-called normal Zeeman effect. The other outstanding early attempt to understand magnetism at the atomic level was provided by the semiempirical theories of Langevin and Weiss. To account for paramagnetism, Langevin (1) in 1905 assumed in a purely ad hoc fashion that an atomic or molecular magnet carried a permanent moment /, whose spatial distribution was determined by the Boltzmann factor. It seems today almost incredible that this elegantly simple idea
Suffix tree construction algorithms on modern hardware

Suffix trees are indexing structures that enhance the performance of numerous string processing algorithms. In this paper, we propose cache-conscious suffix tree construction algorithms that are tailored to CMP architectures. The proposed algorithms utilize a novel sample-based cache partitioning algorithm to improve cache performance and exploit on-chip parallelism on CMPs. Furthermore, several compression techniques are applied to effectively trade space for cache performance. Through an extensive experimental evaluation using real text data from different domains, we demonstrate that the algorithms proposed herein exhibit better cache performance than their cache-unaware counterparts and effectively utilize all processing elements, achieving satisfactory speedup.
Data Scheduling on Processor-In-Memory Arrays Based on Data Placement and Data Movement

In the study of PetaFlop project, Processor-In-Memory array was proposed to be a target architecture in achieving 1015 oating point operations per second computing performance. However, one of the major obstacles to achieve the fast computing was interprocessor communications, which lengthen the total execution time of an application. A good data scheduling, consisting of nding initial data placement and data movement during the run-time, can give a signi cant reduction in the total communication cost and the execution time of the application. In this paper, we propose e cient algorithms for the data scheduling problem. Experimental results show the e ectiveness of the proposed approaches. Compared with default data distribution methods such as row-wise or column-wise distributions, the average improvement for the tested benchmarks can be up to 30%. This work was partially supported by NSF MIP 95-01006 and NSF ACS 96-12028. 1
Changes in K–12 Physical Education Programs From 2001 to 2006

In this study, we investigated the changes in physical education programs from 2001 to 2006 based on an analysis of data reported in The Shape of the Nation Report: Status of Physical Education in the USA (National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 2006). Means and standard deviations for numeric variables in the reports were computed, and percentages were calculated for the categorical variables. The data indicated a significant increase from 2001 to 2006 in establishing state physical education standards. Mandated class size at all educational levels and required physical education units for high school graduation remained the same. The requirement for physical education assessment and mandated fitness testing did not increase significantly. Furthermore, there was no significant improvement in state regulations.
Liver Cirrhosis Mortality in Europe, with Special Attention to Central and Eastern Europe

Background and Aims: Over the last decades, Europe has experienced dramatic changes in the geographical variation of liver cirrhosis rates. We attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of patterns and trends in liver cirrhosis mortality in European countries and regions. Methods: Age-standardized (world standard) liver cirrhosis mortality rates per 100,000 person-years at ages 20–64 for 35 separate countries were computed using the World Health Organization Mortality Database. Results: In the analyzed period (1959–2002), a very strong East-to-West gradient in mortality rates was observed. An increase of the burden of mortality due to liver cirrhosis appeared in Eastern Europe in two specific areas: South-eastern Europe and North-eastern Europe. In the first group of countries, liver cirrhosis mortality was 10–20 times higher than in most other European states, levels never before observed in Europe. In the countries of North-eastern Europe (former Soviet Union countries) liver cirrhosis mortality was characterized by dramatic changes (both positive and negative) in specific periods of time. Conclusions: Despite the fact that the etiology of liver cirrhosis is multifactorial, it seems that alcohol drinking is the factor that best explains the observed patterns in frequency of this disease in Europe. Alcohol control policies in Central and Eastern Europe could lead to an appreciable reduction of premature mortality from liver cirrhosis.
Gender differences in daily smoking prevalence in different age strata: A population-based study in southern Sweden

Objectives: To investigate gender differences in daily smoking prevalence in different age groups in southern Sweden. Methods: The 2004 public-health survey in Skane is a cross-sectional study. A total of 27,757 persons aged 18—80 years answered a postal questionnaire, which represents 59% of the random sample. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between gender and daily smoking according to age. The multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the importance of possible confounders (country of origin, education, snus use, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and BMI) on the gender differences in daily smoking in different age groups. Results: 14.9% of the men and 18.1% of the women were daily smokers. Middle-aged respondents were daily smokers to a significantly higher extent than young and old respondents. The prevalence of daily smoking also varied according to other demographic, socioeconomic, health related behaviour, and BMI characteristics. The crude odds ratios of daily smoking were 1.79 (1.42—2.26) among women compared to men in the 18—24 years age group, and 0.95 (0.80—1.12) in the 65—80 years age group. These odds ratios changed to 2.00 (1.49—2.67) and 0.95 (0.76—1.18), respectively, when all confounders were included. Conclusions: For the first time in Sweden women have a higher prevalence of daily smoking than men. The odds ratios of daily smoking are highest among women compared to men in the youngest age group of 18—24 years and the odds ratios decrease with increasing age. The findings point to a serious public health problem. Strategic interventions targeting young women's tobacco smoking are needed.
Long term outcome and sequelae in patients after acute thrombotic thrombo cytopenic purpura episodes *

We report on 21 patients with idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) whose courses of disease have been followed from the respective diagnosis until now. They had a documented ADAMTS13 activity below 5%, a high autoantibody titer and detectable ultralarge von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers during their episodes. The initial diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms and on laboratory parameters: thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, schistocytes and an increased LDH level. 103 acute clinical episodes of 21 TTPpatients during a time period of 30 years are described. Case histories, comorbidities and sequelae were retrospectively documented. Results, conclusion: Although patients are consistently in a prothrombotic status, clinical acute manifestations only occur after triggering. Most common trigger factors are gastrointestinal infections and pregnancy. The relapse risk per month is 0.026; men have a higher risk for relapses (0.044) than women (0.021). Patients recover physically well, except for renal insufficiency in four cases. Nevertheless, major portion of patients suffers persistently from depression, anxiety disorders and persistent neurocognitive impairments.
Schottky Quantum Dot Solar Cells Stable in Air under Solar Illumination

2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmb Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) solar cells offer great potential in solar energy conversion in view of their compatibility with solution processing, enabling rapid, large-area, low-cost fabrication. Compared with organic and polymer solar cells also benefiting from solution-processing, solar cells based on PbS, PbSe, and PbSSe CQDs access a greater portion of the sun’s spectrum in the infrared range through the use of low-bandgap PbS and PbSe nanoparticles. A specific solar cell architecture—a planar film of p-type colloidal quantum dots topped by a shallow-work-function contact, producing a Schottky barrier that generates a depletion region for carrier separation—has seen rapid recent progress. Monochromatic power conversion efficiencies (MPCE) have now reached 4.2% in the infrared and AM1.5G power conversion efficiencies (AM1.5G PCE) have reached 3.3%. This otherwise promising class of photovoltaics suffers amajor limitation: every report details a lack of stability in air, though different reasons have been given. The first high-efficiency reports employed butylamine capped PbS nanoparticles and degraded in air within minutes; the butylamine was suspected of reacting with the shallow-work-function metal contact. Passivating PbSe using 1,4-benzenedithiol led to devices stable in a glovebox over weeks, and in air over a few hours, a considerable improvement. Other reports using ethanedithiol (EDT) indicated that even minutes’ removal of the devices from a glovebox produced rapid degradation. Two general areas of possible degradation may be posited:
Sirt1 Is Required for Resveratrol-Mediated Chemopreventive Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Sirt1 is a NAD+-dependent protein-modifying enzyme involved in regulating gene expression, DNA damage repair, metabolism and survival, as well as acts as an important subcellular target of resveratrol. The complex mechanisms underlying Sirt1 signaling during carcinogenesis remain controversial, as it can serve both as a tumor promoter and suppressor. Whether resveratrol-mediated chemopreventive effects are mediated via Sirt1 in CRC growth and metastasis remains unclear; which was the subject of this study. We found that resveratrol suppressed proliferation and invasion of two different human CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner, and interestingly, this was accompanied with a significant decrease in Ki-67 expression. By transient transfection of CRC cells with Sirt1-ASO, we demonstrated that the anti-tumor effects of resveratrol on cells was abolished, suggesting the essential role of this enzyme in the resveratrol signaling pathway. Moreover, resveratrol downregulated nuclear localization of NF-κB, NF-κB phosphorylation and its acetylation, causing attenuation of NF-κB-regulated gene products (MMP-9, CXCR4) involved in tumor-invasion and metastasis. Finally, Sirt1 was found to interact directly with NF-κB, and resveratrol did not suppress Sirt1-ASO-induced NF-κB phosphorylation, acetylation and NF-κB-regulated gene products. Overall, our results demonstrate that resveratrol can suppress tumorigenesis, at least in part by targeting Sirt1 and suppression of NF-κB activation.
DNA Binding of Myc/Max/Mad Network Complexes to Oligonucleotides Containing Two E Box Elements: c-Myc/Max Heterodimers Do Not Bind DNA Cooperatively

Abstract Myc proteins function in heterodimeric complexes with Max proteins as transcriptional regulators at least in part by binding to E box sequences with a 5′-CACGTG core. Since such E boxes are found frequently in the human genome and since other proteins besides Myc/Max can bind to similar or identical sequences it is unclear how the specificity of E boxmediated gene transcription is determined. Recent findings were interpreted to suggest that Myc/Max, but not Max/Max or USF complexes, bind cooperatively to DNA sequences that contain two E box elements. This provides a potential mechanism for selective E box-mediated gene transcription. To extend this finding we analyzed DNA binding of c-Myc/Max complexes using a transient COS-7 expression system. In both competition and titration experiments no cooperative binding of c-Myc/Max heterodimers to probes with two E boxes was observed. Furthermore, c-Mycspecific transcription of reporter gene constructs did not reveal cooperativity. Thus our findings argue against cooperative DNA binding of Myc proteins as a selection mechanism for E box-dependent transcription.
'Balancing complexity, resources and demand' : a grounded theory of clinical decision making in psychological therapy for older people with posttraumatic stress symptoms

A concise and factual abstract is required (not exceeding 200 words). This should be typed on a separate page following the title page. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Highlights Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See http://www.elsevier. com/highlights for examples.
Blockade of Extracellular ATP Effect by Oxidized ATP Effectively Mitigated Induced Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU)

Various pathological conditions are accompanied by ATP release from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment. Extracellular ATP (eATP) functions as a signaling molecule by activating purinergic P2 purine receptors. The key P2 receptor involved in inflammation was identified as P2X7R. Recent studies have shown that P2X7R signaling is required to trigger the Th1/Th17 immune response, and oxidized ATP (oxATP) effectively blocks P2X7R activation. In this study we investigated the effect of oxATP on mouse experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Our results demonstrated that induced EAU in B6 mice was almost completely abolished by the administration of small doses of oxATP, and the Th17 response, but not the Th1 response, was significantly weakened in the treated mice. Mechanistic studies showed that the therapeutic effects involve the functional change of a number of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and regulatory T cells. OxATP not only directly inhibits the T cell response; it also suppresses T cell activation by altering the function of DCs and Foxp3+ T cell. Our results demonstrated that inhibition of P2X7R activation effectively exempts excessive autoimmune inflammation, which may indicate a possible therapeutic use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Biphasic intra-thoracic pressure regulation augments cardiac index during porcine peritonitis: a feasibility study

Abstract Preservation of cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) is vital to maintaining tissue oxygenation in sepsis. This feasibility study tested the hypothesis that therapeutic intra-thoracic pressure regulation (tIPR), delivered with a novel device, was designed to non-invasively enhance venous return by creating sub-atmospheric intra-thoracic pressure during the expiratory phase of mechanical ventilation, improves CO without fluid resuscitation in a porcine E. coli peritonitis model of sepsis. Seven pigs were intubated, anaesthetized and instrumented with a Swan-Ganz and femoral artery catheter. After a 30 min basal period, a fibrin clot containing 4–5 × 109 cfu kg−1 E. coli O111.B4 was implanted in the peritoneum. One hour after clot implantation, tIPR was utilized for 30 min and then removed from the ventilator circuit for 30 min. This tIPR cycle was repeated 4-times. Changes in haemodynamic parameters were calculated by comparing pre-tIPR values to peak values during tIPR administration. Following peritonitis, tIPR significantly increased the peak cardiac index (mean ± SEM) (14.8 ± 2.6 vs 7.9 ± 2.3 ml kg−1) and mean arterial pressure (10.2 ± 1.5 vs 4.9 ± 1.1 mmHg) and simultaneously decreased PAP (−7.7 ± 1.5 vs −2.7 ± 0.8 mmHg). These results support the feasibility of the concept that therapeutic application of negative expiratory pressure may provide a non-invasive and complementary approach to increase cardiac output and organ perfusion in the setting of septic shock.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Natural History

High serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are reported to be a risk factor for several common cancers, and recent cross-sectional data suggest a possible additional association of IGF-I with cervical neoplasia. To prospectively assess whether circulating IGF-I levels influence the natural history of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), the viral cause of cervical cancer, we conducted a pilot investigation of 137 women who underwent semiannual type-specific HPV DNA PCR testing and cervical cytology. Total IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the most abundant IGFBP in circulation, were measured using baseline serum specimens. Having a high IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was associated with increased persistence of oncogenic HPV infection [that is, a lower rate of clearance; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.14; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.04-0.57], whereas IGFBP-3 was inversely associated with both the incident detection of oncogenic HPV (AHR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.93) and the incidence of oncogenic HPV-positive cervical neoplasia (that is, squamous intraepithelial lesions at risk of progression; AHR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.66). These prospective data provide initial evidence that the IGF axis may influence the natural history of oncogenic HPV. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):245–8)
Descriptive Analysis of Negation Cues in Biomedical Texts

In this paper we present a description of negation cues and their scope in biomedical texts, based on the cues that occur in the BioScope corpus. We provide information about the morphological type of the cue, the characteristics of the scope in relation to the morpho-syntactic features of the cue and of the clause, and the ambiguity level of the cue by describing in which cases certain negation cues do not express negation. Additionally, we provide positive and negative examples per cue from the BioScope corpus. We show that the scope depends mostly on the part-of-speech of the cue and on the syntactic features of the clause. Although several studies have focused on processing negation in biomedical texts, we are not aware of publicly available resources that describe the scope of negation cues in detail. This paper aims at providing information for producing guidelines to annotate corpora with a negation layer, and for building resources that find the scope of negation cues automatically.
The Subthalamic Nucleus Influences Visuospatial Attention in Humans

Spatial attention is a lateralized feature of the human brain. Whereas the role of cortical areas of the nondominant hemisphere on spatial attention has been investigated in detail, the impact of the BG, and more precisely the subthalamic nucleus, on signs and symptoms of spatial attention is not well understood. Here we used unilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus to reversibly, specifically, and intraindividually modify the neuronal BG outflow and its consequences on signs and symptoms of visuospatial attention in patients suffering from Parkinson disease. We tested 13 patients with Parkinson disease and chronic deep brain stimulation in three stimulation settings: unilateral right and left deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus as well as bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In all three stimulation settings, the patients viewed a set of pictures while an eye-tracker system recorded eye movements. During the exploration of the visual stimuli, we analyzed the time spent in each visual hemispace, as well as the number, duration, amplitude, peak velocity, acceleration peak, and speed of saccades. In the unilateral left-sided stimulation setting, patients show a shorter ipsilateral exploration time of the extrapersonal space, whereas number, duration, and speed of saccades did not differ between the different stimulation settings. These results demonstrated reduced visuospatial attention toward the side contralateral to the right subthalamic nucleus that was not being stimulated in a unilateral left-sided stimulation. Turning on the right stimulator, the reduced visuospatial attention vanished. These results support the involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in modulating spatial attention. Therefore, the subthalamic nucleus is part of the subcortical network that subserves spatial attention.