Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Biologically Inspired Method of SPAM Detection

Many traditional SPAM filters work by analyzing the content of each email message in turn against a set of rules that are used to measure the spaminess of the message. Unfortunately, because spammers have access to these rules, the content of SPAM messages continually changes to evade detection. This is similar to the difficulties the immune system faces in identifying and clearing the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV). Intriguingly, some individuals are resistant to HIV. We explore the parallels between HIV and SPAM in order to deduce a method of identifying SPAM that transcends the polymorphic nature of the SPAM message body. This proposed method is based on the group behavior of SPAM messages, rather than on the content of a SPAM message. We are in the process of implementing a SPAM filter that uses the proposed method.
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Population Pharmacokinetics of Temozolomide in Malignant Glioma Patients

Purpose: Scarce information is available on the brain penetration of temozolomide (TMZ), although this novel methylating agent is mainly used for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. The purpose was to assess TMZ pharmacokinetics in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along with its inter-individual variability, to characterize covariates and to explore relationships between systemic or cerebral drug exposure and clinical outcomes. Experimental Design: TMZ levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in plasma and CSF samples from 35 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent malignant gliomas. The population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software. Drug exposure, defined by the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in plasma and CSF, was estimated for each patient and correlated with toxicity, survival, and progression-free survival. Results: A three-compartment model with first-order absorption and transfer rates between plasma and CSF described the data appropriately. Oral clearance was 10 liter/h; volume of distribution (VD), 30.3 liters; absorption constant rate, 5.8 h−1; elimination half-time, 2.1 h; transfer rate from plasma to CSF (Kplasma→CSF), 7.2 × 10−4h−1 and the backwards rate, 0.76 h−1. Body surface area significantly influenced both clearance and VD, and clearance was sex dependent. The AUCCSF corresponded to 20% of the AUCplasma. A trend toward an increased Kplasma→CSF of 15% was observed in case of concomitant radiochemotherapy. No significant correlations between AUC in plasma or CSF and toxicity, survival, or progression-free survival were apparent after deduction of dose-effect. Conclusions: This is the first human pharmacokinetic study on TMZ to quantify CSF penetration. The AUCCSF/AUCplasma ratio was 20%. Systemic or cerebral exposures are not better predictors than the cumulative dose alone for both efficacy and safety.
Myeloid receptor CD36 is required for early phagocytosis of myocardial infarcts and induction of Nr4a1‐dependent mechanisms of cardiac repair

Phagocytosis after myocardial infarction (MI) is a prerequisite to cardiac repair. Recruited monocytes clear necrotic cardiomyocytes and differentiate into cardiac macrophages. Some studies have linked apoptotic cell receptors on cardiac macrophages to tissue repair; however' the contribution of precursor monocyte phagocytic receptors' which are the first to interact with the cardiac parenchyma' is unclear. The scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation (CD)36 protein was detected on cardiac Ly6cHI monocytes, and bone marrow‐derived Cd36 was essential for both early phagocytosis of dying cardiomyocytes and for smaller infarct sizes in female and male mice after permanent coronary ligation. Cd36 deficiency led to reduced expression of phagocytosis receptor Mertk and nuclear receptor Nr4a1 in cardiac macrophages, the latter previously shown to be required for phagocyte survival. Nr4a1 was required for phagocytosis‐induced Mertk expression, and Nr4a1 protein directly bound to Mertk gene regulatory elements. To test the overall contribution of the Cd36‐Mertk axis, MI was induced in Cd36−/− Mertk−/− double‐knockout mice and led to increases in myocardial rupture. These data implicate monocyte CD36 in the mitigation of early infarct size and transition to Mertk‐dependent macrophage function. Increased myocardial rupture in the absence of both Cd36 and Mertk underscore the physiologic significance of phagocytosis during tissue injury. —Dehn, S. , Thorp, E. B. Myeloid receptor CD36 is required for early phagocytosis of myocardial infarcts and induction of Nr4a1‐dependent mechanisms of cardiac repair. FASEB J. 32,254‐264 (2018). www.fasebj. org
The effect of a psycho educational program for mothers of educable mentally retarded children: Based on Roy‘s adaptation theory

This study conduct to assess the effectiveness of an educational Program based on Roy‘s adaptation theory for mothers of educable mentally retard children. The present study is quasiexperimental with single group pretest and posttest design. The sample includes 40 mothers with Educable mentally retarded children. A cognitive-behavioral program based on Roy‘s adaptation theory was hold. The program consisted of four weekly group sessions for two hours. Comparison four adaptation modes scores at pretest and post test showed significant differences in all modes of * Corresponding author. Tel. : +98-913-216-0360; fax: +98-216-690-4252. E-mail address: ghadirian.fataneh@gmail.com http://dx.doi. org/10.15405/FutureAcademy/ejsbs(2301-2218). 2012.2. 9 Taghavi Larijani / The EJSBS 232 adaptation (P<0.001). The findings have identified that psycho educational program can effect on adaptation level in mothers of intellectual disabled children. © 2013 Published by C-crcs. Peer-review under responsibility of Editor or Guest Editor of the EJSBS.
Fertility Response to Natural Disasters: The Case of Three High Mortality Earthquakes

The event of a natural disaster, and being directly affected by it, brings a large shock to life-cycle outcomes. In addition to the replacement effects of higher fertility following a disaster that caused high mortality, a positive fertility response may be induced as children can be used to supplement household income. This paper analyzes three high mortality earthquakes: Gujarat, India, in 2001; North-West Frontier, Pakistan, in 2005; and Izmit, Turkey, in 1999. There is evidence of a positive fertility response to exposure to these large-scale natural disasters in addition to the response to child mortality. The results in this study are consistent with those of other studies that also find a positive fertility response following exposure to a disaster.
Digitally Controlled Current-Mode Dc-Dc Converter Ic

The main focus of this paper is the implementation of mixed -signal peak current mode control in low-power dc-dc converters for portable applications. A DAC is used to link the digital volta ge loop compensator to the analog peak current mode loop. Conventional DAC architectures, such as flash or are not suitable due to excessive power consumption and limited bandwidth of the reconstruction filter, respectively. The charge-pump based DAC (CP-DAC) used in this work has relatively poor linearity compared to more expensive DAC topologies; however, this can be tolerated since the linearity has a minor effect on the converter dynamics as long as the limit-cycle conditions are met. The CP-DAC has a guaranteed monotonic behavior from the digital current command to the peak inductor current, which is essential for maintaining stability. A buck converter IC, which was fabricated in a 0.18 m CMOS process with 5 V compatible transistors, achieves response time of 4 s at for a 200 mA load-step. The active area of the controller is only 0.077 mm and the total controller current-draw, which is heavily dominated by the on-chip senseFET current-sensor, is below 250 A for a load current of 50mA. Index Terms: CPM, current-mode, dc-dc converter, digital con- trol, integrated circuits, power management, SMPS, voltage regu- lators.
Automatic selection of background knowledge for ontology matching

Background knowledge in form of ontologies is an important source of information for many tasks in the semantic web, e.g., ontology matching, ontology construction and editing, natural language processing. In particular, ontology matching and integration can benefit from background ontologies as semantic relationships may be discovered which cannot be identified otherwise. In existing approaches, the background ontology has to be provided often by the user. Therefore, we present an approach that uses background knowledge for matching; but in contrast to other approaches, our approach is able to identify appropriate background ontologies automatically. We implemented this approach in our matching frame-work GeRoMeSuite and tested it with several data sets from the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) campaign. The evaluation shows that the use of background knowledge improves the result in most cases and that our ontology discovery process is able to find appropriate background knowledge to bridge the gap between the two input ontologies.
Is the Even Distribution of Insecticide-Treated Cattle Essential for Tsetse Control? Modelling the Impact of Baits in Heterogeneous Environments

Background Eliminating Rhodesian sleeping sickness, the zoonotic form of Human African Trypanosomiasis, can be achieved only through interventions against the vectors, species of tsetse (Glossina). The use of insecticide-treated cattle is the most cost-effective method of controlling tsetse but its impact might be compromised by the patchy distribution of livestock. A deterministic simulation model was used to analyse the effects of spatial heterogeneities in habitat and baits (insecticide-treated cattle and targets) on the distribution and abundance of tsetse. Methodology/Principal Findings The simulated area comprised an operational block extending 32 km from an area of good habitat from which tsetse might invade. Within the operational block, habitat comprised good areas mixed with poor ones where survival probabilities and population densities were lower. In good habitat, the natural daily mortalities of adults averaged 6.14% for males and 3.07% for females; the population grew 8.4× in a year following a 90% reduction in densities of adults and pupae, but expired when the population density of males was reduced to <0.1/km2; daily movement of adults averaged 249 m for males and 367 m for females. Baits were placed throughout the operational area, or patchily to simulate uneven distributions of cattle and targets. Gaps of 2–3 km between baits were inconsequential provided the average imposed mortality per km2 across the entire operational area was maintained. Leaving gaps 5–7 km wide inside an area where baits killed 10% per day delayed effective control by 4–11 years. Corrective measures that put a few baits within the gaps were more effective than deploying extra baits on the edges. Conclusions/Significance The uneven distribution of cattle within settled areas is unlikely to compromise the impact of insecticide-treated cattle on tsetse. However, where areas of >3 km wide are cattle-free then insecticide-treated targets should be deployed to compensate for the lack of cattle.
Fee Speech: Signaling, Risk-Sharing, and the Impact of Fee Structure on Investor Welfare

The fee structure used to compensate investment advisers is central to the study of fund design, and affects investor welfare in at least three ways: (i) by influencing the portfolio-selection incentives of the adviser, (ii) by affecting risk-sharing between adviser and investor, and (iii) through its use as a signal of quality by superior investment advisers. In this paper, we describe a model in which all of these features are present, and use it to compare two popular and contrasting forms of fee contracts, the "fulcrum " and the "incentive " types, from the standpoint of investor welfare. While the former has some undeniably attractive features (that have, in particular, been used by regulators to justify its mandatory use in a mutual fund context), we find surprisingly that it is the latter that is often more attractive from the standpoint of investor welfare. Our model is a flexible one; our conclusions are shown to be robust to many extensions of interest. The results are also extended to consider unrestricted fee structures and competitive markets for fund managers. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Effect of 8 months of whole-body vibration training on quality of life in elderly women

ABSTRACT Whole-body vibration (WBV) training in elderly may improve muscle strength, muscle power and postural control. However, knowledge about the effect of WBV training in elderly on measures of health as a multidimensional construct (health-related quality of life, HRQoL) is scarce. The present study aimed to determine the effects of WBV training on HRQoL in elderly women. A total of 37 women (aged 82.4 ± 5.7 years) were recruited and were assigned to either the WBV group or to the control (CON) group. After 8 months of training, the WBV group showed non-significant changes on HRQoL and additional health-related outcomes (fall risk, life satisfaction or cognitive status). Our findings are in disagreement with previous studies of shorter duration (6 weeks), which reported positive significant changes in HRQoL in elderly people. Discrepancies among studies may be partly attributed to methodological differences, but the existence of publication bias in previous studies cannot be discarded.
Natural Transformation of Myxococcus xanthus

ABSTRACT Myxococcus xanthus belongs to the delta class of the proteobacteria and is notable for its complex life-style with social behaviors and relatively large genome. Although previous observations have suggested the existence of horizontal gene transfer in M. xanthus, its ability to take up exogenous DNA via natural transformation has not been experimentally demonstrated. In this study, we achieved natural transformation in M. xanthus using the autonomously replicating myxobacterial plasmid pZJY41 as donor DNA. M. xanthus exopolysaccharide (EPS) was shown to be an extracellular barrier for transformation. Cells deficient in EPS production, e.g., mutant strains carrying ΔdifA or ΔepsA, became naturally transformable. Among the inner barriers to transformation were restriction-modification systems in M. xanthus, which could be partially overcome by methylating DNA in vitro using cell extracts of M. xanthus prior to transformation. In addition, the incubation time of DNA with cells and the presence of divalent magnesium ion affected transformation frequency of M. xanthus. Furthermore, we also observed a potential involvement of the type IV pilus system in the DNA uptake machinery of M. xanthus. The natural transformation was totally eliminated in the ΔpilQ/epsA and Δtgl/epsA mutants, and null mutation of pilB or pilC in an ΔepsA background diminished the transformation rate. Our study, to the best of our knowledge, provides the first example of a naturally transformable species among deltaproteobacteria.
The Impact of Lateral Boundary Conditions and Horizontal Resolution on North Atlantic Water Mass Transformations and Pathways in an Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model

A series of numerical experiments for the North Atlantic have been carried out with a primitive equation density-coordinate model, incorporating a relaxation zone south of 658N designed to simulate the production of dense water in regions outside the model domain. The principal experiments vary both the horizontal grid resolution of the model (0.98 and 1 /38) and the width of the buffer zone (48 and 4 /38); an additional model experiment addresses the issue of the forcing used within the restoring region. The North Atlantic water mass transformations simulated in the various experiments and the subsequent pathways of converted water from the northern boundary region into the interior basin are documented both by time-evolution and time-mean analysis of the model results, focusing on the mass content of the isopycnic layers, the spread of water masses tagged with a passive tracer, the meridional overturning streamfunction and associated transport of heat, and mass transport budgets within specified density classes. Primarily because of its inherent ability to retain the characteristics of dense water masses, the density-coordinate model is found to be relatively insensitive to the configuration of the northern boundary region when compared to similarly configured models in depth coordinates. However, the densitycoordinate experiments with finer grid resolution produce higher values of northward heat transport, particularly north of 358N, and the strongest meridional overturning and heat transport are seen in an experiment combining wide buffer zones and high horizontal resolution. Comparison to observations indicates that the use of s 2 rather than su as the coordinate representation of density, together with refinements in vertical resolution, will likely improve the model’s ability to accurately represent the water mass distributions and three-dimensional circulation of the Atlantic.
Effect of a post-deposition anneal on Al2O3/Si interface properties

While Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> has been proven to provide an excellent level of surface passivation on all sorts of p-type doped silicon surfaces, the passivation mechanism of this layer and especially the influence of the post-deposition anneal on the Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/Si interface properties is not yet completely understood. A great increase in the surface passivation is observed after a post-deposition anneal, i.e. a post-deposition anneal is mandatory to activate the surface passivation. Thus, the influence of this anneal on the interface properties, density of negative fixed charges Q<inf>f</inf> and density of interface traps D<inf>it</inf>, will be investigated and correlated to the measured minority carrier lifetime. In the case of plasma enhanced ALD, Q<inf>f</inf> is already high in the as-deposited state and the annealing process only has a minor effect on Q<inf>f</inf> (Q<inf>f</inf> increases by 20-50 %, depending on the annealing temperature). The D<inf>it</inf> however is strongly reduced by the post-deposition anneal, decreasing by two orders of magnitude. This large reduction in D<inf>it</inf> is a prerequisite for benefiting from the strong field effect induced by the high density of negative charges of the Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>.
Impact of Video Technology on Efficiency of Pharmacist-Provided Anticoagulation Counseling and Patient Comprehension

Background: Discharge anticoagulation counseling is important for ensuring patient comprehension and optimizing clinical outcomes. As pharmacy resources become increasingly limited, the impact of informational videos on the counseling process becomes more relevant. Objective: To evaluate differences in pharmacist time spent counseling and patient comprehension (measured by the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge [OAK] test) between informational videos and traditional face-to-face (oral) counseling. Methods: This prospective, open, parallel-group study at an academic medical center randomized 40 individuals—17 warfarin-naïve (“New Start”) and 23 with prior warfarin use (“Restart”)—to receive warfarin discharge education by video or face-to-face counseling. “Teach-back” questions were used in both groups. Results: Although overall pharmacist time was reduced in the video counseling group (P < 0.001), an interaction between prior warfarin use and counseling method (P = 0.012) suggests the difference between counseling methods was smaller in New Start participants. Following adjustment, mean total time was reduced 8.71 (95% CI = 5.15-12.26) minutes (adjusted P < 0.001) in Restart participants and 2.31 (−2.19 to 6.81) minutes (adjusted P = 0.472) in New Start participants receiving video counseling. Postcounseling OAK test scores did not differ. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, and years of education were not predictive of total time or OAK test score. Conclusion: Use of informational videos coupled with teach-back questions significantly reduced pharmacist time spent on anticoagulation counseling without compromising short-term patient comprehension, primarily in patients with prior warfarin use. Study results demonstrate that video technology provides an efficient method of anticoagulation counseling while achieving similar comprehension.
Evaluation of interstitial lung disease in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).

OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) may be a characteristic, often serious, manifestation of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). In this retrospective study, the frequency and clinical picture of ILD were determined in patients with MCTD using two diagnostic tests: high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and inhaled aerosol clearance times of (99m)Tc-labelled diethylene-triamine pentaacetate ((99m)Tc-DTPA). In addition, pulmonary function, effects of therapy and a variety of immunoserological markers were also assessed. METHODS One hundred and forty-four consecutive patients with MCTD were selected from the clinic, irrespective of the presence or absence of ILD. All patients underwent a detailed clinical assessment, chest HRCT scanning, chest radiography, inhaled aerosol of (99m)Tc-DTPA clearance times, and all pulmonary function tests. Patients who had active ILD received corticosteroid (CS) or CS in combination with cyclophosphamide (CPH). All investigations were repeated after 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy. RESULTS Ninety-six out of 144 MCTD patients (66.6%) had active ILD, 75 of this group (78.1%) showed ground glass opacity, 21 patients (21.8%) ground glass opacity with mild fibrosis with HRCT. Forty-five patients with active ILD received 2 mg/kg/day CS for 6-8 weeks alone and 51 patients CS in combination with CPH (2 mg/kg/day). Six months later, after therapy, 67 out of 96 MCTD patients with ILD (69.8%) showed a negative HRCT pattern, ground glass opacity with mild fibrosis developed in 15 patients (15.6%), and fibrosis was detected in 13 patients (13.5%). Only one patient showed subpleural honeycombing. (99m)Tc-DTPA was rapid in all 96 MCTD patients with active ILD (28.7 +/- 8.2 min, normal value >40 min). After therapy the (99m)Tc-DTPA was normalized, 79 out of 96 patients (82.3%). Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) was reduced in 33 out of 96 MCTD patients with active ILD (34.3%), while there were no significant differences in the pulmonary function tests between the active versus inactive stage of ILD or versus patients without ILD. The sera of 96 MCTD patients with active ILD contained a high level of immune complexes (ICs), and the total haemolytic complement levels (CH50/ml U) decreased. After 6 months of therapy, the IC levels decreased and CH50/ml levels normalized (MCTD patients before and after active ILD: IC optical density = 355 +/- 227 vs 206 +/- 92, P<0.001; CH50/ml, 38.0 +/- 12.6 U vs 64.3 +/- 13.0 U, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS HRCT is the gold standard for diagnosis of ILD. However, we used another method, (99m)Tc-DTPA, in order to compare this technique with HRCT. This latter technique has not been studied previously in MCTD. The elevated levels of IC and increased complement consumption indicated that IC-mediated alveolocapillary membrane damage and tissue injury might play a role in the pathogenesis of ILD in MCTD.