Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for the response of carbon/epoxy-aluminum honeycomb core sandwich structures under quasi-static indentation loading

An analytical model is developed to predict the loading and unloading response, as well as the residual dent diameter and dent depth, of carbon/epoxy-aluminum honeycomb core composite sandwich structures undergoing quasi-static indentation loading. The model considers damage created using spherical indenters and is valid up to the barely visible external damage threshold. The initial low load regime (until the onset of core crushing) is modeled using a combination of local Hertzian indentation of an elastic half-space and small deflection plate theory of a circular plate on an elastic foundation. For loads above those required to cause core crushing, the model uses the Rayleigh-Ritz method of energy minimization with the total system energy determined using a combination of face sheet bending energy, face sheet membrane energy and work done to the core during both elastic deformation and crushing. Degraded face sheet properties are used in the model beyond the onset of face sheet delamination, which is predicted using Griffith’s energy criterion. The model is validated using experimental results for sandwich structures consisting of quasi-isotropic 8- (thin) and 16- (thick) ply carbon/epoxy face sheets and aluminum honeycomb cores. The results show that the overall mechanics of the model are fundamentally correct and reflective of physical behavior. Thus, in its present form the model shows promise as a preliminary design tool.
Kinship reinforces cooperative predator inspection in a cichlid fish

Kin selection theory predicts that cooperation is facilitated between genetic relatives, as by cooperating with kin an individual might increase its inclusive fitness. Although numerous theoretical papers support Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory, experimental evidence is still underrepresented, in particular in noncooperative breeders. Cooperative predator inspection is one of the most intriguing antipredator strategies, as it implies high costs on inspectors. During an inspection event, one or more individuals leave the safety of a group and approach a potential predator to gather information about the current predation risk. We investigated the effect of genetic relatedness on cooperative predator inspection in juveniles of the cichlid fish Pelvicachromis taeniatus, a species in which juveniles live in shoals under natural conditions. We show that relatedness significantly influenced predator inspection behaviour with kin dyads being significantly more cooperative. Thus, our results indicate a higher disposition for cooperative antipredator behaviour among kin as predicted by kin selection theory.
Optimistic recovery in distributed systems

Optimistic Recovery is a new technique supporting application-independent transparent recovery from processor failures in distributed systems. In optimistic recovery communication, computation and checkpointing proceed asynchronously. Synchronization is replaced by causal dependency tracking, which enables a posteriori reconstruction of a consistent distributed system state following a failure using process rollback and message replay. Because there is no synchronization among computation, communication, and checkpointing, optimistic recovery can tolerate the failure of an arbitrary number of processors and yields better throughput and response time than other general recovery techniques whenever failures are infrequent.
Weight-related concerns and behaviors among overweight and nonoverweight adolescents: implications for preventing weight-related disorders.

OBJECTIVES To assess weight-related concerns and behaviors in a population-based sample of adolescents and to compare these concerns and behaviors across sex and weight status. DESIGN The study population included 4746 adolescents from St Paul or Minneapolis, Minn, public schools who completed surveys and anthropometric measurements as part of Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), a population-based study focusing on eating patterns and weight concerns among teenagers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measured weight status, weight-related concerns (perceived weight status, weight disparity, body satisfaction, and care about controlling weight), and weight-related behaviors (general and specific weight control behaviors and binge eating). RESULTS Weight-related concerns and behaviors were prevalent among the study population. Although adolescents were most likely to report healthy weight control behaviors (adolescent girls, 85%; and adolescent boys, 70%), also prevalent were weight control behaviors considered to be unhealthy (adolescent girls, 57%; and adolescent boys, 33%) or extreme (adolescent girls, 12%; and adolescent boys, 5%). Most overweight youth perceived themselves as overweight and reported the use of healthy weight control behaviors during the past year. However, the use of unhealthy and extreme weight control behaviors and binge eating were alarmingly high among overweight youth, particularly adolescent girls. Extreme weight control practices (taking diet pills, laxatives, or diuretics or vomiting) were reported by 18% of very overweight adolescent girls, compared with 6% of very overweight adolescent boys (body mass index, > OR = 95th percentile). CONCLUSION Prevention interventions that address the broad spectrum of weight-related disorders, enhance skill development for behavioral change, and provide support for dealing with potentially harmful social norms are warranted in light of the high prevalence and co-occurrence of obesity and unhealthy weight-related behaviors.
Transosseous fixation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis: comparison of an interosseous suture and endobutton to traditional screw fixation in 50 cases.

UNLABELLED In this prospective cohort study, we compared screw fixation to interosseous suture with endobutton repair of the syndesmosis. Outcomes of interest included preoperative and postoperative modified American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot and ankle scores, and Short Form-12 health status scores, as well as radiographic measurements and the time to full weight bearing. Mean averages and ranges were calculated for numeric variables, and outcomes for each fixation group were compared statistically with Student t test. The cohort consisted of 50 patients; 25 in the screw fixation group and 25 in the interosseous wire with endobuttons group. The mean patient age was 34.68 (15 to 55) years in the interosseous suture endobutton group and 36.68 (17 to 74) years in the screw group, and the mean follow-up was 10.78 (range 6 to 12) months in the interosseous suture endobutton group, and 8.20 (range 4 to 24) months in the screw group. No statistically significant differences (P < or = .05) were noted in regard to age, follow-up duration, time to postoperative weight bearing, or subjective outcome scores between the fixation groups; although statistically significant improvements were noted in the subjective scores for each fixation group between the preoperative and postoperative measurements. The results of this study indicate that the interosseous suture with endobuttons is a reasonable option for repair of ankle syndesmotic injuries, and may be as effective as traditional internal screw fixation. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE 2.
Effect of Red Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) Powder or Red Pepper Pigment on the Performance and Egg Yolk Color of Laying Hens

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of red pepper (Capsicum frutescens) powder or red pepper pigment on the performance and egg yolk color of laying hens. In Exp. 1, 210, thirty-wk old, Hy-line Brown laying hens were fed one of seven diets containing 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.0, 4.8 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment or 0.3 ppm carophyll red. Each diet was fed to three replicate batteries of hens with each battery consisting of a row of five cages of hens with two hens per cage (n = 3). In Exp. 2, 180, thirty-wk old, Hyline Brown laying hens, housed similarly to those in Exp. 1, were fed an unsupplemented basal diet as well as treatments in which the basal diet was supplemented with 0.8% red pepper powder processed in a laboratory blender to an average particle size of 300 μm, 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill (44 μm) and finally 0.8% red pepper powder processed as a super fine powder with a vibrational mill but mixed with 5% Na2CO3 either before or after grinding. A diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm carophyll red pigment was also included (n = 3). In both experiments, hens were fed the red pepper powder or pigment for 14 days. After feeding of the powder or pigment was terminated, all hens were fed the basal diet for eight more days to determine if the dietary treatments had any residual effects. In Exp. 1, there were no differences in egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio due to inclusion of red pepper pigment in the diet. Average egg weight was higher (p<0.05) for birds fed 1.2, 2.4 or 9.6 ppm red pepper pigment than for birds fed the diet containing 0.3 ppm red pepper pigment. On d 14, egg color scores increased linearly as the level of red pepper pigment in the diet increased. In Exp. 2, feeding red pepper powder did not affect egg-laying performance, feed consumption or feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). However, compared with the control group, supplementation with all of the red pepper powder treatments increased egg weight (p<0.05). All the red pepper powder treatments also increased (p<0.05) the yolk color score compared with the control. The results of the present study suggest that both red pepper powder and pigment are effective feed additives for improving egg yolk color for laying hens.
Molecular Ions in L1544. II. The Ionization Degree

The maps presented in Paper I are here used to infer the variation of the column densities of HCO+, DCO+, N2H+, and N2D+ as a function of distance from the dust peak. These results are interpreted with the aid of a crude chemical model that predicts the abundances of these species as a function of radius in a spherically symmetric model with radial density distribution inferred from the observations of dust emission at millimeter wavelengths and dust absorption in the infrared. Our main observational finding is that the N(N2D+)/N(N2H+) column density ratio is of order 0.2 toward the L1544 dust peak as compared to N(DCO+)/N(HCO+) = 0.04. We conclude that this result, as well as the general finding that N2H+ and N2D+ correlate well with the dust, is caused by CO being depleted to a much higher degree than molecular nitrogen in the high-density core of L1544. Depletion also favors deuterium enhancement, and thus N2D+, which traces the dense and highly CO-depleted core nucleus, is much more enhanced than DCO+. Our models do not uniquely define the chemistry in the high-density depleted nucleus of L1544, but they do suggest that the ionization degree is a few times 10-9 and that the ambipolar diffusion timescale is locally similar to the free-fall time. It seems likely that the lower limit, which one obtains to ionization degree by summing all observable molecular ions, is not a great underestimate of the true ionization degree. We predict that atomic oxygen is abundant in the dense core and, if so, H3O+ may be the main ion in the central highly depleted region of the core.
A novel antenna design for soil decontamination with microwaves

This paper deals with the investigation of different antenna types suited for high power microwave applications at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The antennas presented here are intended to be deployed in a microwave assisted soil decontamination process. For this purpose, an antenna has to fulfill several requirements. The radiation pattern has to be omnidirectional in the azimuthal plane and the radiated power should be uniformly distributed over the complete antenna length. This is necessary to achieve a homogeneous heating of the surrounding soil. For these reasons, a coaxial antenna design was chosen. The antenna matching strongly depends on the complex permittivity of the surrounding soils. Since the dielectric properties of the soil change with moisture content and temperature the antennas must provide a sufficient matching over a wide range of permittivity. Two possible antenna designs are presented with simulated values for the matching and the field distribution in the soil and the antenna, respectively. A comparison between simulated and measured values is given for verification. Subsequently, the temperature distribution inside the soil is measured in a laboratory setup.
Steam Cured Self-Consolidating Concrete and the Effects of Limestone Filler

The purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect and the mechanisms associated with replacing 15% of the cement by limestone filler on the mechanical properties and durability performance of self-consolidating concrete designed and cured for precast/prestressed applications. This study investigates the role of limestone filler on the hydration kinetics, mechanical properties (12 hours to 300 days), microstructural and durability performance (rapid chloride permeability, linear shrinkage, sulfate resistance, freeze-thaw resistance and salt scaling resistance) of various self-consolidating concrete mix designs containing 5% silica fume and steam cured at a maximum holding temperature of 55°C. This research also examines the resistance to delayed ettringite formation when the concrete is steam cured at 70°C and 82°C and its secondary consequences on the freeze-thaw resistance. The effect of several experimental variables related to the concrete mix design and also the curing conditions are examined, namely: limestone filler fineness, limestone filler content, cement type, steam curing duration and steam curing temperature. In general, the results reveal that self-consolidating concrete containing 15% limestone filler, steam cured at 55°C, 70°C and 82°C, exhibited similar or superior mechanical and transport properties as well as long term durability performance compared to similar concrete without limestone filler. When the concrete is steam cured at 55°C, the chemical reactivity of limestone filler has an important role in enhancing the mechanical properties at 16 hours (compared to the concrete without limestone filler) and compensating for the dilution effect at 28 days. Although, at 300 days, the expansion of all concrete mixes are
Variation in P2RX7 candidate gene (rs2230912) is not associated with bipolar I disorder and unipolar major depression in four European samples

Two recent studies reported evidence for association between genetic variation of the positional candidate gene P2RX7 on chromosome 12q24 and bipolar I disorder (BPI) [Barden et al. ( 2006 ); Am J Med Genet Part B 141B:374–382; McQuillin et al. ( 2008 ); Mol Psychiatry 13:1‐7] and one study found association with unipolar major depression (Mdd‐UP) [Lucae et al. ( 2006 ); Hum Mol Genet 15:2438–2445]. In the present work, we aimed to replicate the SNP that showed the strongest association in the above‐mentioned studies, namely rs2230912 (P2RX7‐E13A) resulting in a change of the amino acid glutamine to arginine at position 460 (Gln460Arg), in four European bipolar I disorder samples from Germany, Poland, Romania, and Russia totaling 1,445 patients, in a German sample of recurrent Mdd‐UP patients (N = 640), and a control sample of 2,006 subjects. We found no allelic or genotypic association between rs2230912 and BPI or Mdd‐UP both in the national samples and in the combined European patient sample. Additional studies are needed to clarify the potential involvement of P2RX7 and of SNP rs2230912 in the etiology of major affective disorders. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinal Cord Injury and Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Using Functional Activity in Pressure Relief

Background. People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at increased risk of pressure ulcers due to prolonged periods of sitting. Concordance with pressure relieving movements is poor amongst this population, and one potential alternative to improve this would be to integrate pressure relieving movements into everyday functional activities. Objectives. To investigate both the current pressure relieving behaviours of SCI individuals during computer use and the application of an ergonomically adapted computer-based activity to reduce interface pressure. Design. Observational and repeated measures design. Setting. Regional Spinal Cord Injury Unit. Participants. Fourteen subjects diagnosed with SCI (12 male, 2 female). Intervention.Comparing normal sitting to seated movements and induced forward reaching positions. Main Outcome Measures. Interface pressure measurements: dispersion index (DI), peak pressure index (PPI), and total contact area (CA). The angle of trunk tilt was also measured. Results. The majority of movements yielded less than 25% reduction in interface pressure compared to normal sitting. Reaching forward by 150% of arm length during an adapted computer activity significantly reduced DI (P < 0.05), angle of trunk tilt (p<0.05), and PPI for both ischial tuberosity regions (P < 0.001) compared to normal sitting. Conclusion. Reaching forward significantly redistributed pressure at the seating interface, as evidenced by the change in interface pressures compared to upright sitting.
The role of artefact corpus in LSI-based traceability recovery

Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is an advanced method widely and successfully employed in Information Retrieval (IR). It is an extension of Vector Space Model (VSM) and it is able to overcome VSM in canonical IR scenarios where it is used on very large document repositories. LSI has also been used to semi-automatically generate traceability links between software artefacts. However, in such a scenario LSI is not able to overcome VSM. This contradicting result is probably due to the different characteristics of software artefact repositories as compared to document repositories. In this paper we present a preliminary empirical study to analyze how the size and the vocabulary of the repository-in terms of number of documents and terms (i.e., the vocabulary)-affects the retrieval accuracy. Even if replications are needed to generalize our findings, the study presented in this paper provides some insights that might be used as guidelines for selecting the more adequate methods to be used for traceability recovery depending on the particular application context.
Nutrients Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer among Premenopausal Women

Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, methionine, choline, and betaine are nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, previous epidemiologic studies on most of these nutrients and breast cancer risk have been inconclusive and have included primarily postmenopausal women. No study has examined choline and betaine in relation to breast cancer risk. Therefore, we examined the intake of these nutrients in relation to breast cancer risk among 90,663 premenopausal women ages 26 to 46 years in 1991 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Nutrient intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire in 1991, 1995, and 1999. During 12 years of follow-up from 1991 to 2003, we documented 1,032 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Overall, none of the nutrients was associated with risk of breast cancer. The results were similar by levels of alcohol intake and folate intake and for estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer. In conclusion, we found no evidence that higher intakes of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism reduce risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2787–90)
High-Quality Plane Wave Compounding Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Single plane wave (PW) imaging produces ultrasound images of poor quality at high frame rates (ultrafast). High-quality PW imaging usually relies on the coherent compounding of several successive steered emissions (typically more than ten), which in turn results in a decreased frame rate. We propose a new strategy to reduce the number of emitted PWs by learning a compounding operation from data, i.e., by training a convolutional neural network to reconstruct high-quality images using a small number of transmissions. We present experimental evidence that this approach is promising, as we were able to produce high-quality images from only three PWs, competing in terms of contrast ratio and lateral resolution with the standard compounding of 31 PWs ( $10\times $ speedup factor).
Abundance and evolution of galaxy clusters in cosmological models with massive neutrino

The time evolution of the number density of galaxy clusters and their mass and temperature functions are used to constrain cosmological parameters in the spatially flat dark matter models containing hot particles (massive neutrino) as well as cold and baryonic matter. We test the modied MDM ( = 0) models with cosmic gravitational waves and show that they neither pass the cluster evolution test nor reproduce the observed height of the rst acoustic peak in T=T spectrum, and therefore should be ruled out. The models with a non-zero cosmological constant are in better agreement with observations. We estimate the free cosmological parame- ters in MDM with a negligible abundance of gravitational waves, and nd that within the parameter ranges h2 (0:6; 0:7), n2 (0:9; 1:1), f =m2 (0; 0:2), (i) the value of is strongly aected by a small fraction of hot dark matter: 0:45 < < 0: 7( 1 CL), and (ii) the redshift evolution of galaxy clusters alone reveals the following explicit relation between and f: +0 :5f =0 :65 0:1: This degeneracy is also expected in LSS tests (with a smaller error). The present accuracy of observational data allows to bound the fraction of hot matter, f 2 (0; 0:2); the number of massive neutrino species remains undelimited, N =1 ; 2; 3.
Performance analysis of PLNC using hierarchical modulation

In this paper, we propose and analyze the performance of a two-way relay network (TWRN) using physical layer network coding (PLNC) with hierarchical modulation (HM). The performance is evaluated for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The TWRN consists of two end nodes and a relay, where each node has a single antenna and operates in a half-duplex mode. Using an analytical approach, we derive the end-to-end symbol error rate (SER) performance expression of the 4/16-QAM HM for the high priority (HP) and the low priority (LP) streams, respectively, as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It has been found the analytical and simulation results are in close agreement. The utilization of the proposed HM-PLNC system minimizes the computational complexity of the denoise and forward (DNF) operations at the relay by reducing the number of Euclidean distance computations required to 18 compared to the 49 required in an equivalent 16-QAM based PLNC system.