Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis of Geometrical Parameters on a Double-Sided Linear Switched Reluctance Motor

This paper presents a detailed sensitivity analysis of the effect of several geometrical parameters on the performance of a double-sided linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM). The analysis was conducted in two dimensions using finite-element method and takes into account only one part of the LSRM. This paper first investigates the powerful influence of stator- and translator-pole widths on force profiles. It then shows how these performance parameters are influenced by stator-pole length, translator-pole length, stack length, yoke length, and air gap. Experimental results confirm that the 2-D finite-element sensitivity analysis proposed in this paper may prove to be a useful tool for optimizing the geometry of a double-sided LSRM.
Changes in Microbial Energy Metabolism Measured by Nanocalorimetry during Growth Phase Transitions

Calorimetric measurements of the change in heat due to microbial metabolic activity convey information about the kinetics, as well as the thermodynamics, of all chemical reactions taking place in a cell. Calorimetric measurements of heat production made on bacterial cultures have recorded the energy yields of all co-occurring microbial metabolic reactions, but this is a complex, composite signal that is difficult to interpret. Here we show that nanocalorimetry can be used in combination with enumeration of viable cell counts, oxygen consumption rates, cellular protein content, and thermodynamic calculations to assess catabolic rates of an isolate of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and infer what fraction of the chemical energy is assimilated by the culture into biomass and what fraction is dissipated in the form of heat under different limiting conditions. In particular, our results demonstrate that catabolic rates are not necessarily coupled to rates of cell division, but rather, to physiological rearrangements of S. oneidensis MR-1 upon growth phase transitions. In addition, we conclude that the heat released by growing microorganisms can be measured in order to understand the physiochemical nature of the energy transformation and dissipation associated with microbial metabolic activity in conditions approaching those found in natural systems.
Cytologic Findings of Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor of the Uterus

BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare entity within trophoblastic tumors. It is difficult to recognize ETT because of its epithelioid appearance. CASE A 35-year-old female, 5 years after pregnancy, experienced genital bleeding 2 months prior to consulting us. Preoperative laboratory data showed a slightly elevated serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). A cytologic cervical smear revealed large, polygonal, atypical cells. These cells had mononucleate, ovoid, irregularly enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei with 1 or 2 conspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasm was thin and abundant, with a distinct cell membrane, and sometimes showed vacuolation. The patient was diagnosed with uterine cancer, and hysterectomy was performed. The tumor was present in the uterine corpus, measuring 3 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm. Histologically, it was composed of mainly mononuclear tumor cell nests resembling intermediate trophoblastic cells with zones of hyaline material. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for cytokeratin and placental alkaline phosphatase but negative for hCG and human placental lactogen. The tumor was subsequently diagnosed as ETT. CONCLUSION It was difficult to make a definitive diagnosis of ETT using only a cytologic specimen. The diagnosis of ETT is facilitated by a combination of cytologic, histopathologic and clinical findings.
The Role of Decision Models in Health Care Policy

Background. In 2009, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) underwent a National Coverage Determination on computed tomography colonography (CTC) to screen for colorectal cancer. The Cancer Intervention & Surveillance Network developed decision models to inform this decision. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of models in this decision. Methods. We performed a descriptive case study. We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with members of the CMS coverage and analysis group (CAG) and Medicare Coverage and Analysis Advisory Committee (MEDCAC) panelists. Informed by previously published literature, we developed a coding scheme to analyze interview transcripts, MEDCAC meeting transcripts, and the final CMS decision memo. Results. Four members of the CAG and 8 MEDCAC panelists were interviewed. The total number of codes across all study documents was 772. We found evidence that decision makers believed in the adequacy of models to inform decision making. In interview transcripts, the code Models Are Adequate to Inform was more frequent than the code Models Are Inadequate to Inform (47 times v. 5). Discussion of model conceptualization dominated the MEDCAC meeting (Model Conceptualization assigned 113 times) and was frequently discussed during interviews (Model Conceptualization assigned 84 times). We also found evidence that the models helped to focus the policy discussion. Across study documents, the codes Focus on Cost, Focus on Clinical-Health Impact, and Focus on Inadequacy of Evidence Base were assigned 99, 98, and 97 times, respectively. Conclusions. Decision makers involved in the CTC decision believed in the adequacy of models to inform coverage decisions. The model played a role in focusing the CTC coverage policy discussion.
Small Satellite Cloud Detection Based On Deep Learning and Image Compression

An effective on-board cloud detection method in small satellites would greatly improve the downlink data transmission efficiency and reduce the memory cost. In this paper, an ensemble method combining a lightweight U-Net with wavelet image compression is proposed and evaluated. The red, green, blue and infrared waveband images from Landsat-8 dataset are trained and tested to estimate the performance of proposed method. The LeGall-5/3 wavelet transform is applied on the dataset to accelerate the neural network and improve the feasibility of on-board implement. The experiment results illustrate that the overall accuracy of the proposed model achieves 97.45% by utilizing only four bands. Tests on low coefficients of compressed dataset have shown that the overall accuracy of the proposed method is still higher than 95%, while its inference speed is accelerated to 0.055 second per million pixels and maximum memory cost reduces to 2Mb. By taking advantage of mature image compression system in small satellites, the proposed method provides a good possibility of on-board cloud detection based on deep learning.
Analysis of Steel Wire Rope Diagnostic Data Applying Multi-Criteria Methods

Steel ropes are complex flexible structures used in many technical applications, such as elevators, cable cars, and funicular cabs. Due to the specific design and critical safety requirements, diagnostics of ropes remains an important issue. Broken wire number in the steel ropes is limited by safety standards when they are used in the human lifting and carrying installations. There are some practical issues on loose wires—firstly, it shows end of lifetime of the entire rope, independently of wear, lubrication or wrong winding on the drums or through pulleys; and, secondly, it can stick in the tight pulley—support gaps and cause deterioration of rope structure up to birdcage formations. Normal rope operation should not generate broken wires, so increasing of their number shows a need for rope installation maintenance. This paper presents a methodology of steel rope diagnostics and the results of analysis using multi-criteria analysis methods. The experimental part of the research was performed using an original test bench to detect broken wires on the rope surface by its vibrations. Diagnostics was performed in the range of frequencies from 60 to 560 Hz with a pitch of 50 Hz. The obtained amplitudes of the broken rope wire vibrations, different from the entire rope surface vibration parameters, was the significant outcome. Later analysis of the obtained experimental results revealed the most significant values of the diagnostic parameters. The evaluation of the power of the diagnostics was implemented by using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. Various decision-making methods are necessary due to unknown efficiencies with respect to the physical phenomena of the evaluated processes. The significance of the methods was evaluated using objective methods from the structure of the presented data. Some of these methods were proposed by authors of this paper. Implementation of MCDM in diagnostic data analysis and definition of the diagnostic parameters significance offers meaningful results.
Effect of magnesium sulfate treatment on neonatal bone abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE It has been reported that neonatal bone abnormalities occur as a result of long-term intravenous magnesium administration (MgSO4) to pregnant women. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency of such abnormalities and the clinical background of both mothers and neonates. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed maternal (114 cases) and neonatal (139 cases) charts from all pregnant women who received intravenous MgSO4 administration for preterm labor and preeclampsia between June 1, 1992, and May 31, 1994. All chest X-ray films were obtained within 48 h after birth and reviewed by a doctor who was unaware of the clinical data. Radiolucent transverse metaphyseal bands of the proximal humerus were considered as abnormal. The subjects were divided into affected (group 1 and 1a) and unaffected (group 2 and 2a) groups. Neonates born to pregnant women given no MgSO4 at the same period, were considered as control. RESULTS The total number of bone abnormalities in the offspring of mothers receiving MgSO4 amounted to 13 (11.4%). Group 1 consisted of 13 cases and group 2 of 101 cases. In the control group bone abnormalities were not observed (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between groups 1 and 2 in the gestational ages at the start of MgSO4 administration and at delivery, and in the total duration of administration and doses of MgSO4. Also, cases of multiple pregnancy and pregnancy complicated with impaired glucose tolerance were more prevalent in group 1. According to the results obtained from 139 neonates, cases showing low Apgar and high magnesium score and those receiving respiratory support were more noticeable in group 1a (15 cases). CONCLUSIONS The gestational ages and the total doses of MgSO4 in pregnant women were the main factors related to the onset of neonatal bone abnormalities, but other factors also have a possible bearing on the condition. In addition, the cases with onset of bone abnormality seemed to be associated with symptoms attributable to hypermagnesemia of neonates.
UTIL-DSS: Utilization-Based Dynamic Strategy Switching for Improvement in Data Centre Operation

ii Co-­Authorship Statement iii Acknowledgments iv Table of Contents v List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Equations ix List of Algorithms x List of Appendices xi
Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Species of Anaerobic Ciliate, Trimyema finlayi n. sp., with Endosymbiotic Methanogens

Many anaerobic ciliated protozoa contain organelles of mitochondrial ancestry called hydrogenosomes. These organelles generate molecular hydrogen that is consumed by methanogenic Archaea, living in endosymbiosis within many of these ciliates. Here we describe a new species of anaerobic ciliate, Trimyema finlayi n. sp. , by using silver impregnation and microscopy to conduct a detailed morphometric analysis. Comparisons with previously published morphological data for this species, as well as the closely related species, Trimyema compressum, demonstrated that despite them being similar, both the mean cell size and the mean number of somatic kineties are lower for T. finlayi than for T. compressum, which suggests that they are distinct species. This was also supported by analysis of the 18S rRNA genes from these ciliates, the sequences of which are 97.5% identical (6 substitutions, 1479 compared bases), and in phylogenetic analyses these sequences grouped with other 18S rRNA genes sequenced from previous isolates of the same respective species. Together these data provide strong evidence that T. finlayi is a novel species of Trimyema, within the class Plagiopylea. Various microscopic techniques demonstrated that T. finlayi n. sp. contains polymorphic endosymbiotic methanogens, and analysis of the endosymbionts’ 16S rRNA gene showed that they belong to the genus Methanocorpusculum, which was confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes. Despite the degree of similarity and close relationship between these ciliates, T. compressum contains endosymbiotic methanogens from a different genus, Methanobrevibacter. In phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA genes, the Methanocorpusculum endosymbiont of T. finlayi n. sp. grouped with sequences from Methanomicrobia, including the endosymbiont of an earlier isolate of the same species, ‘Trimyema sp. ,’ which was sampled approximately 22 years earlier, at a distant (∼400 km) geographical location. Identification of the same endosymbiont species in the two separate isolates of T. finlayi n. sp. provides evidence for spatial and temporal stability of the Methanocorpusculum–T. finlayi n. sp. endosymbiosis. T. finlayi n. sp. and T. compressum provide an example of two closely related anaerobic ciliates that have endosymbionts from different methanogen genera, suggesting that the endosymbionts have not co-speciated with their hosts.
Role of parental education in reduction of prevalence of childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh

Abstract Objective Despite progress, levels of malnutrition among children in Bangladesh are among the highest in the world and this is one of the major causes of death in children. The pace of reduction in the prevalence of undernutrition among children is still relatively low. The present study aimed to examine the association between parental education and childhood undernutrition among Bangladeshi children under 5 years of age when adjusting for potential risk factors. Design The data set was extracted from a nationally representative survey based on a cross-sectional study, the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014. Setting The base survey was conducted using a two-stage stratified sample of households. In the first stage, 600 enumeration areas (EA) were selected with probability proportional to EA size (207 EA from urban areas, 393 EA from rural areas). Subjects A total of 7173 children under 5 years from 17 863 households were considered for the analysis. A modified Poisson regression model was implemented to the data for assessing the relationship between parental education and childhood undernutrition when demographic and socio-economic covariates for the child, parents, households and clustering were adjusted. Results Higher parental education level was associated with lower levels of stunting and underweight, but not with wasting. Maternal and paternal education were both significantly associated with the reduction in prevalence of childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh. Conclusions Paternal education appears equally as important as maternal education in reducing undernutrition prevalence among children under 5 years in Bangladesh.
Decoding Decoders: Finding Optimal Representation Spaces for Unsupervised Similarity Tasks

Experimental evidence indicates that simple models outperform complex deep networks on many unsupervised similarity tasks. We provide a simple yet rigorous explanation for this behaviour by introducing the concept of an optimal representation space, in which semantically close symbols are mapped to representations that are close under a similarity measure induced by the model's objective function. In addition, we present a straightforward procedure that, without any retraining or architectural modifications, allows deep recurrent models to perform equally well (and sometimes better) when compared to shallow models. To validate our analysis, we conduct a set of consistent empirical evaluations and introduce several new sentence embedding models in the process. Even though this work is presented within the context of natural language processing, the insights are readily applicable to other domains that rely on distributed representations for transfer tasks.
Utilities Included: Split Incentives in Commercial Electricity Contracts

This paper quantifies a tenant-side “split incentives” problem that exists when the largest commercial sector customers are on electricity-included property lease contracts, causing them to face a marginal electricity price of zero. We use exogenous variation in weather shocks to show that the largest firms on tenant-paid contracts use up to 14 percent less electricity in response to summer temperature fluctuations. The result is retrieved under weaker identifying assumptions than previous split incentives papers, and is robust when exposed to several opportunities to fail. The electricity reduction in response to temperature increases is likely to be a lower bound when generalized nationwide and suggests that policymakers should consider a sub-metering policy to expose the largest commercial tenants to the prevailing retail electricity price.
Rocking response of unanchored rectangular rigid bodies to simulated earthquakes

Rocking response of rigid bodies with rectangular footprint, freely standing on horizontal rigid plane is studied analytically. Bodies are subjected to simulated single component of horizontal earthquakes. The effect of baseline correction, applied to simulated excitations, on the rocking response is first examined. The sensitiveness of rocking motion to the details of earthquakes and geometric properties of rigid bodies is investigated. Due to the demonstrated sensitivity of rocking response to these factors, prediction of rocking stability must be made in the framework of probability theory. Therefore, using a large number of simulated earthquakes, the effects of duration and shape of intensity function of simulated earthquakes on overturning probability of rigid bodies are studied. In the case when a rigid body is placed on any floor of a building, the corresponding probability is compared to that of a body placed on the ground. For this purpose, several shear frames are employed. Finally, the viability of the energy balance equation, which was introduced by Housner in 1963 and widely used by nuclear power industry to estimate the rocking stability of bodies, is evaluated. It is found that the equation is robust. Examples are also given to show how this equation can be used.
Water Absorption Behavior, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Vinyl Ester Matrix Nanocomposites Based on Layered Silicate

The water absorption behavior, mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester matrix nanocomposites based on layered silicate were investigated. To characterize interlaminar structure of the nanocomposites, XRD, SEM, EDS, and TEM were performed. The mechanical and thermal properties of neat sample were improved by the incorporation of layered silicate. The improvement of the water repellence behavior was observed for the nanocomposites. The hardness and elastic moduli after water absorption was reduced due to the effect of water molecules entering into the polymer chains. However, the higher amount of clay reinforcement led to less reduction in hardness since the barrier properties.
A Correlative Analysis of PD-L1, PD-1, PD-L2, EGFR, HER2, and HER3 Expression in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

We explored potential associations of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway with clinical characteristics, outcome, and expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) using an institutional database. Protein expression was assessed by IHC on tissue microarray sections (EGFR, HER2, HER3) or whole tissue sections (PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2). Expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3, PD-L1, and PD-L2 was quantified on tumor cells. Maximum density of PD-1 positive lymphocytes was measured on a scale of 0 to 4 within the tumor mass and peritumoral stroma. Associations between biomarkers and patient outcomes were tested using descriptive and inferential statistics, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models. We analyzed tissue samples from 97 OPSCC cases: median age 59 years, p16+ (71%), male (83.5%), never smokers (18%), stage 3 to 4 disease (77%). Twenty-five percent of cases were PD-L1 positive. The proportion of PD-L1+ tumors was higher in p16+ (29%) than p16− OPSCC (11%, P = 0.047). There was no correlation between PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, EGFR, HER2, or HER3 expression. Positive PD-L1 status correlated with advanced nodal disease on multivariate analysis (OR 5.53; 95% CI, 1.06–28.77; P = 0.042). Negative PD-L2 expression was associated with worse survival (HR 3.99; 95% CI, 1.37–11.58; P = 0.011) in p16− OPSCC. Lower density of PD-1 positive lymphocytes in peritumoral stroma was associated with significantly increased risk of death on multivariate analysis (HR 3.17; 95% CI, 1.03–9.78; P = 0.045) after controlling for prognostic factors such as stage and p16 status. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells correlates with p16 status and advanced nodal status in OPSCC. PD-1 positive lymphocytes in peritumoral stroma serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 710–6. ©2018 AACR.
A New Estimation of Global Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Using a Simple Data-Oriented Model

Soil greenhouse gas fluxes (particularly CO2, CH4, and N2O) play important roles in climate change. However, despite the importance of these soil greenhouse gases, the number of reports on global soil greenhouse gas fluxes is limited. Here, new estimates are presented for global soil CO2 emission (total soil respiration), CH4 uptake, and N2O emission fluxes, using a simple data-oriented model. The estimated global fluxes for CO2 emission, CH4 uptake, and N2O emission were 78 Pg C yr−1 (Monte Carlo 95% confidence interval, 64–95 Pg C yr−1), 18 Tg C yr−1 (11–23 Tg C yr−1), and 4.4 Tg N yr−1 (1.4–11.1 Tg N yr−1), respectively. Tropical regions were the largest contributor of all of the gases, particularly the CO2 and N2O fluxes. The soil CO2 and N2O fluxes had more pronounced seasonal patterns than the soil CH4 flux. The collected estimates, including both the previous and the present estimates, demonstrate that the means of the best estimates from each study were 79 Pg C yr−1 (291 Pg CO2 yr−1; coefficient of variation, CV = 13%, N = 6) for CO2, 21 Tg C yr−1 (29 Tg CH4 yr−1; CV = 24%, N = 24) for CH4, and 7.8 Tg N yr−1 (12.2 Tg N2O yr−1; CV = 38%, N = 11) for N2O. For N2O, the mean of the estimates that was calculated by excluding the earliest two estimates was 6.6 Tg N yr−1 (10.4 Tg N2O yr−1; CV = 22%, N = 9). The reported estimates vary and have large degrees of uncertainty but their overall magnitudes are in general agreement. To further minimize the uncertainty of soil greenhouse gas flux estimates, it is necessary to build global databases and identify key processes in describing global soil greenhouse gas fluxes.