Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Displaced Calcaneum, Intra-Articular Fractures by Locking Calcaneal Plate.

INTRODUCTION Calcaneal fractures constitute the most common fractures in hindfoot. Lots of controversies exist in the management of calcaneal fractures but now-a-days, it is preferable to perform open reduction and internal fixation and early mobilizatation. AIM To evaluate the functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum by locking calcaneal plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery from September 2013 to April 2016. Thirty intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum were treated by locking calcaneal plate. Patients were followed up for a period of 24 months. Bohler's angle was measured in preoperative, immediate Post-operative period and after 2 years, follow-up was compared. Results were evaluated according to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Score. RESULTS After 24 months of follow-up, all 24 patients were available for evaluation. Radiological union was achieved in a mean time of 12.5 weeks. Mean duration of hospital stay was 21 days. Bohler's angle was significantly higher after 2 years of follow-up when compared with preoperative x-ray. According to the AOFAS, Ankle-Hind foot Scale outcome score results were excellent in 43.3% of the patients, good in 33.3%, fair in 10%, and poor in 13.3% of patients. The mean AOFAS score was 79.9 (Range 49-96). CONCLUSION Open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum with locking calcaneal plate gives good results. Maintenance of calcaneal height and Bohler's angle helps to decrease the incidence of subtalar arthritis.
Representing the Mental World in Children's Social Behavior: Playing Hide‐and‐Seek and Keeping a Secret

This study examined the relationship between children's developing theory of mind and their ability to engage in two social behaviors which have, as their cognitive underpinning, the representation that what one knows may not be accessible to others. Children of 3, 4, and 5 years, in a quasi-naturalistic setting, played hide-and-seek and also were required to keep a secret about a surprise. The ability to play hide-and-seek was significantly related to children's ability to refrain from disclosing the secret, and there was a significant relationship between these behaviors and children's social cognition, as measured by theory of mind tasks. The relationship between these social behaviors and tasks measuring executive function was not significant once age was taken into account. With regard to the development of these social behaviors, few 3-year-olds, but most 4-year-olds, and almost all 5-year-olds could successfully play hide-and-seek and keep a secret. This study demonstrates the importance of the conceptual understanding of mental states in the young child's social world.
Stochastic triplet embedding

This paper considers the problem of learning an embedding of data based on similarity triplets of the form “A is more similar to B than to C”. This learning setting is of relevance to scenarios in which we wish to model human judgements on the similarity of objects. We argue that in order to obtain a truthful embedding of the underlying data, it is insufficient for the embedding to satisfy the constraints encoded by the similarity triplets. In particular, we introduce a new technique called t-Distributed Stochastic Triplet Embedding (t-STE) that collapses similar points and repels dissimilar points in the embedding - even when all triplet constraints are satisfied. Our experimental evaluation on three data sets shows that as a result, t-STE is much better than existing techniques at revealing the underlying data structure.
EFFECTS OF FORM-FOCUSED PRACTICE AND FEEDBACK ON CHINESE EFL LEARNERS’ ACQUISITION OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR PAST TENSE FORMS

Conducted in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) classrooms at the university level in China, this quasi-experimental study compared the effects of three different corrective feedback treatments on 72 Chinese learners’ use of regular and irregular English past tense. Three classes were randomly assigned to a prompt group, a recast group, or a control group and then participated in form-focused production activities that elicited the target forms. In the two feedback groups, teachers consistently provided one type of feedback (i.e., either recasts or prompts) in response to learners’ errors during the activities, whereas in the control group, the teacher provided feedback only on content. Pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttests administered 2 weeks after the treatment assessed participants’ acquisition of regular and irregular past tense forms in both oral and written production. Comparisons of group means across testing sessions using a repeated-measures ANOVA consistently revealed large effects for time. Post hoc within-group analyses of the eight immediate- and delayed-posttest measures revealed significant gains by the prompt group on all eight measures, the recast group on four, and the control group on three. The effects of prompts were larger than those of recasts for increasing accuracy in the use of regular past tense forms, whereas prompts and recasts had similar effects on improving accuracy in the use of irregular past tense forms.
Victims and the Criminal Justice System: The Vagaries of Integration

In the U.S., some claim victim integration into criminal justice is nearly complete, as evidenced by the implementation of various victim rights and service programs nationwide. Others claim integration has been scarcely realized, as evidenced by the practices associated with these rights and programs. A question that subsequently emerges is not simply which claim is more accurate, but rather how is the success or failure of integrative efforts to be determined. Success defined by the presence of victim rights and service programs ignores operational realities, whereas failure defined by those realities has focused on the contrary state of victim participation in criminal justice decision-making. This particular empirical focus overlooks a host of other operational realities by which to assess success or failure. The current study reports on certain of these neglected realities, namely the role of criminal justice in facilitating service delivery, and criminal justice perspectives on victim service needs and victims. These perspectives are examined using survey data obtained from 893 criminal justice officials (law enforcement officers, judges, state's attorneys, and probation officers) from a large Florida County. The findings show the integration process is still wanting in the following respects: criminal justice perceptions of victims are often negative, criminal justice knowledge of victims services is lacking, and victim service delivery is highly fragmented. The meaning and policy implications of these findings are also discussed.
Goal progress makes one happy, or does it? Longitudinal findings from the work domain

In a 3-year longitudinal study with a sample of N = 82 young professionals (44% male; age range: 28-39 years), self-reported progress in the pursuit of personal goals was associated with affective well-being, work satisfaction, and subjective developmental success in the work domain. Goal progress, however, did not predict an increase in affective well-being and work satisfaction. Four constructs - goal difficulty, current work involvement, positive fantasies, and goal progress in the private domain - were selected to analyse their potentially moderating effect on the link between goal progress and well-being increases. Goal difficulty evinced the clearest moderating effects. Goal. difficulty predicted change in all outcome criteria, that is, only adults who perceived their goals as difficult to reach also reported a change in positive and negative affect, job satisfaction, and subjective developmental success over a period of 3 years.
A Case Study of an Early Childhood Teacher's Perspective on Working with English Language Learners.

Seungyoun Lee is an assistant professor in the Department of Early Childhood and Special Education, College of Education, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia; Malcolm B. Butler is an assistant professor of science education, College of Education, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida; and Deborah J. Tippins is a professor of science and elementary education, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. A Case Study of an Early Childhood Teacher’s Perspective on Working with English Language Learners
Klotho gene delivery ameliorates renal hypertrophy and fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by suppressing the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling pathway

The present study aimed to investigate whether klotho gene delivery attenuated renal hypertrophy and fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) carrying mouse klotho full-length cDNA (rAAV.mKL), was constructed for in vivo investigation of klotho expression. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single tail vein injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Subsequently, the diabetic rats received an intravenous injection of rAAV.mKL, rAAV.green fluorescent protein (GFP) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The Sprague-Dawley rat group received PBS and served as the control group. After 12 weeks, all the rats were sacrificed and ELISA, immunohistochemical and histological analyses, fluorescence microscopy, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blottin were performed. A single dose of rAAV.mKL was found to prevent the progression of renal hypertrophy and fibrosis for at least 12 weeks (duration of study). Klotho expression was suppressed in the diabetic rats, but was increased by rAAV.mKL delivery. rAAV.mKL significantly suppressed diabetes-induced renal hypertrophy and histopathological changes, reduced renal collagen fiber generation and decreased kidney hypertrophy index. In addition, rAAV.mKL decreased the protein expression levels of fibronectin and vimentin, while it downregulated the mRNA expression and activity of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK)I in the kidneys of the diabetic rats. These results indicated that klotho gene delivery ameliorated renal hypertrophy and fibrosis in diabetic rats, possibly by suppressing the ROCK signaling pathway. This may offer a novel approach for the long-term control and renoprotection of diabetes.
Purpose with Por and Para

POR with infinitives to denote purpose is one of the "fine points" ignored by most elementary grammars. Although other distinctions of lesser frequency are taught, the average textbook is content to offer para in this construction and omit por, doubtless justifying itself on the ground that one way of expressing the idea is enough, but probably moved as well by the fact that the difference is a psychological, subjective one, depending on the intent and attitude of the speaker, which makes it too difficult to teach.
Differential cell replication within the periosteum of the pig mandibular ramus.

The periosteum is anatomically and functionally divided into two layers. The inner osteoblastic layer contributes to local appositional bone growth. The outer fibroblastic layer receives the attachments of muscles and responds to bone growth by a more global enlargement. Coordinated growth of the layers could theoretically be produced by parallel replication rates in the layers followed by migration of fibroblastic layer cells. Alternatively, replication rates in the layers could differ, those in the osteoblastic layer reflecting local apposition and those in the fibroblastic layer responding to total bone growth. To test these alternatives, we compared two regions of the pig mandible, one appositional and one resorptive, equidistant from the major growth sites of the bone. Four 2-week-old pigs were injected i.p. with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label replicating cells. Three hours subsequent to BrdU injection, animals were sacrificed. The mandibles were sectioned and processed immunocytochemically for BrdU. Periosteal cell mitotic activity was analyzed selectively at the level of the mandibular foramen on the medial and lateral ramal surfaces. The proportion of labeled cells was determined by grid-point analysis. Individual differences were minor but regional differences were striking. As expected, the osteoblastic layer of the lateral surface exhibited a greater proportion of mitotic cells than did the medial surface (p = 0.037). However, no such difference was seen in the fibroblastic layer, where medial and lateral sides exhibited identical replication activity. These results strongly support the second alternative, that cell division is differentially controlled in the two periosteal layers.
Keeping an eye on pain: investigating visual attention biases in individuals with chronic pain using eye-tracking methodology

Attentional biases to painful stimuli are evident in individuals with chronic pain, although the directional tendency of these biases (ie, toward or away from threat-related stimuli) remains unclear. This study used eye-tracking technology, a measure of visual attention, to evaluate the attentional patterns of individuals with and without chronic pain during exposure to injury-related and neutral pictures. Individuals with (N=51) and without chronic pain (N=62) completed a dot-probe task using injury-related and neutral pictures while their eye movements were recorded. Mixed-design analysis of variance evaluated the interaction between group (chronic pain, pain-free) and picture type (injury-related, neutral). Reaction time results showed that regardless of chronic pain status, participants responded faster to trials with neutral stimuli in comparison to trials that included injury-related pictures. Eye-tracking measures showed within-group differences whereby injury-related pictures received more frequent fixations and visits, as well as longer average visit durations. Between-group differences showed that individuals with chronic pain had fewer fixations and shorter average visit durations for all stimuli. An examination of how biases change over the time-course of stimulus presentation showed that during the late phase of attention, individuals with chronic pain had longer average gaze durations on injury pictures relative to pain-free individuals. The results show the advantage of incorporating eye-tracking methodology when examining attentional biases, and suggest future avenues of research.
When reduced input leads to delayed acquisition: A study on the acquisition of clitic placement by Portuguese heritage speakers

This article examines the competence of heritage speakers of Portuguese living in Germany with respect to clitic placement in Portuguese by comparing their performance with that of monolingual speakers of the same age (7–15 years of age) in a test designed to elicit oral production data. The results of the study indicate that the heritage speakers go through stages in the acquisition of clitic placement that are similar to those of monolingual acquirers even though they take longer to attain the target grammar.
Dynamic Capabilities: Current Debates and Future Directions

The field of dynamic capabilities has developed very rapidly over the last ten years. In this paper we discuss the evolution of the concept, and identify two major current debates around the nature of dynamic capabilities and their consequences. We then review recent progress as background to identifying the contributions of the seven papers in this special issue, and discuss the relative merits of qualitative and quantitative studies for investigating dynamic capabilities. We conclude with recommendations for future research arguing for more longitudinal studies which can examine the processes of dynamic abilities over time, and for studies in diverse industries and national contexts.
Aesthetic composition represetation for portrait photographing recommendation

In this paper, we present an intelligent portrait photographing framework for automatically recommending the suitable positions and poses in the scene of photography taken by amateurs. By analyzing aesthetic characteristics features, we propose a solution by constructing aesthetic composition representation which covers the attention composition and geometry composition to identify the underlying technique of professional photographer. First, we extract the attention composition feature of the professional photo by utilizing a visual saliency model. Then, a geometry composition feature is also presented to learn the spatial correlation. Finally, composition rules are applied to make appropriate pose and position. Experiments show our aesthetic composition representation performs well for portrait photographing recommendation.
Medical care delivery at the 1996 Olympic Games. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Olympics Surveillance Unit.

CONTEXT Mass gatherings like the 1996 Olympic Games require medical services for large populations assembled under unusual circumstances. OBJECTIVE To examine delivery of medical services and to provide data for planning future events. DESIGN Observational cohort study, with review of medical records at Olympics medical facilities. SETTING One large multipurpose clinic and 128 medical aid stations operating at Olympics-sponsored sites in the vicinity of Atlanta, Ga. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10715 patients, including 1804 athletes, 890 officials, 480 Olympic dignitaries, 3280 volunteers, 3482 spectators, and 779 others who received medical care from a physician at an Olympic medical station. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of injuries and cases of heat-related illness among participant categories, medical use rates among participants with official Games credentials, and use rates per 10000 persons attending athletic competitions. RESULTS Injuries, accounting for 35% of all medical visits, were more common among athletes (51.9% of their visits, P < .001) than among other groups. Injuries accounted for 31.4% of all other groups combined. Spectators and volunteers accounted for most (88.9%, P < .001) of the 1059 visits for heat-related illness. The rates for number of medical encounters treated by a physician were highest for athletes (16.2 per 100 persons, P < .001) and lowest for volunteers (2.0 per 100). Overall physician treatment rate was 4.2 per 10000 in attendance (range, 1.6-30.1 per 10000). A total of 432 patients were transferred to hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Organizers used these data during the Games to monitor the health of participants and to redirect medical and other resources to areas of increased need. These data should be useful for planning medical services for future mass gatherings.
The contribution of lay knowledge to the understanding and promotion of mental health

This article reports the findings of one study within a Health Education Authority funded family health research programme. The study sought to elicit the views of people from different family backgrounds about notions of mental health, the ways in which the latter is maintained and views about emotional support. The article outlines some findings from this study. An apparent disjuncture is outlined between a lay preference for attributing the determinants of mental health to socio-structural factors on the one hand and, on the other, a focus on personal agency as the primary tenable means of dealing with threats to psychological wellbeing. It is argued that this co-existence of attributions about structure and agency, which also reflect the constraints surrounding professional interventions, could provide the basis of a partnership between professionals and lay people in mental health promotion and service delivery. The social policy implications of lay views are discussed in conclusion.
The Effect of Partitions on Controlling Consumption

The authors demonstrate that partitioning an aggregate quantity of a resource (e.g., food, money) into smaller units reduces the consumed quantity or the rate of consumption of that resource. Partitions draw attention to the consumption decision by introducing a small transaction cost; that is, they provide more decision-making opportunities so that prudent consumers can control consumption. Thus, people are better able to constrain consumption when resources associated with a desirable activity (which they are trying to control) are partitioned rather than when they are aggregated. This effect of partitioning is demonstrated for the consumption of chocolates (Study 1) and gambles (Study 2). In Study 3, process measures reveal that partitioning increases recall accuracy and decision times. Importantly, the effect of partitioning diminishes when consumers are not trying to regulate consumption (Studies 1 and 3). Finally, Study 4 explores how habituation may decrease the amount of attention that partitions draw to consumption. In this context, partitions control consumption to a greater extent when the nature of partitions changes frequently.
Critical Assessment of the Status of Biomarkers for Alzheimer's

Results: Extensive efforts have been applied to the development of minimally invasive and inexpensive assays for the early detection of AD. However, the failure to replicate findings between laboratories has presented a significant challenge in validating assays for clinical use. Larger scale studies and collaborations are required to standardize sample collection and storage, analytical methodology, and to control for heterogeneity in the AD patient population.
Bureaucrats, Politics, and the Environment

Bureaucrats, Politics, and the Environment. By Richard W. Waterman, Amelia A. Rouse, and Robert L. Wright. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. 184p. $24.95. This is not a book about the environment. Rather, it is an effort to improve existing models of bureaucratic behavior, especially in regard to how bureaucrats relate to the larger political environment. It relies on data from questionnaires from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the New Mexico Environment Department.
CEO Tenure and R&D Investment

This study examines the curvilinear CEO tenure–R&D investment relationship and the moderating influence of board capital on this relationship, thus making two major contributions. First, the finding of an inverted-U CEO tenure–R&D investment relationship enriches our understanding of how the CEO life cycle affects corporate investment decisions, particularly R&D. Second, the evidence of positive moderating effects of board human and social capital suggests that boards affect managerial choices through their human and social capital, thereby providing insight into how boards influence CEOs’ decision-making capabilities and, consequently, their R&D investment decisions. One important implication is that to encourage CEOs to invest in R&D, shareholders in the electronics industry and firms competing in innovation through R&D spending may consider appointing more directors with greater human and social capital to the Board because they will provide CEOs with ongoing advice and essential resources for R&D. The implications for strategy consultants are also discussed.