Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Laterally Loaded Long or Intermediate Drilled Shafts of Small or Large Diameter in Layered Soil

Strain wedge (SW) model formulation has been used for evaluating the response of a single pile or a group of piles in layered soils to lateral loading. The SW model approach provides appropriate prediction for the behavior of an isolated pile and pile group under lateral static loading in layered soil (sand and/or clay). In this study, the authors extend the capability of the SW model to predict the response of laterally loaded large diameter shafts considering 1) the influence of shaft type on the lateral shaft response; 2) the nonlinear behavior of shaft material and its effect on the soilshaft-interaction; 3) developing partial or complete liquefaction in the surrounding soil profile based on far and near-field induced porewater pressure; and 4) vertical side shear resistance along the shaft wall that has a significant contribution to the lateral shaft response.
Mood-elevating effects of d-amphetamine and incentive salience: the effect of acute dopamine precursor depletion.

OBJECTIVE Midbrain dopamine transmission is thought to regulate responses to rewarding drugs and drug-paired stimuli; however, the exact contribution, particularly in humans, remains unclear. In the present study, we tested whether decreasing dopamine synthesis, as produced by acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD), would alter responses to the stimulant drug, d-amphetamine. METHODS On 3 separate days, 14 healthy men received d-amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, given orally) plus a nutritionally balanced amino acid mixture, the phenylalanine/tyrosine-deficient mixture or the phenylalanine/tyrosine-deficient mixture followed by the immediate dopamine precursor, L-DOPA (Sinemet, 2 x 100 mg/25 mg). Responses to these treatments were assessed with visual analog scales, the Profile of Mood States, and a computerized Go/No-Go task. RESULTS d-Amphetamine elicited its prototypical subjective effects, but these were not altered by APTD. In comparison, APTD significantly increased commission errors on the Go/No-Go task and did so uniquely in conditions where subjects were rewarded for making correct responses; this effect of APTD was prevented by L-DOPA. CONCLUSIONS Together these results support the hypothesis that, in healthy men, dopamine is not closely linked to euphorogenic effects of abused substances but does affect the salience of reward-related cues and the ability to respond to them preferentially.
Organizational Justice in Primary-Care Health Centers and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Background:Organizational justice has been put forward as a measure of leadership quality that is associated with better health among employees. Objectives:We extended that idea to test whether perceived organizational justice among health care providers might be positively associated with glycemic control among their diabetic patients. Setting:Eighteen primary-care health centers (HCs) in Finland. Participants:Type 2 diabetes patients (n=8954) and HC staff (n=422). Measurements:Mean of 1 year’s measurements of glycated hemoglobin [≥7.0 (the least optimal); 6.5–6.9; 6.0–6.4; and 4.5–5.9 (the most optimal)], health-center psychosocial work characteristics (staff-reported procedural justice and relational justice, effort-reward imbalance, and work-unit team climate), and individual-level and work-unit-level covariates. Results:Perceptions of higher levels of procedural justice among staff were associated with more optimal glycated hemoglobin levels among patients (cumulative odds ratio per 1-U increase in justice=1.54, 95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.18) after adjustment for patient-level and unit-level covariates. Relational justice, effort-reward imbalance, and work-unit team climate were not associated with glycemic control. Conclusion:The quality of leadership at HCs, as indicated by staff perceptions of procedural justice, may play a role in achieving good glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients.
Evidence of a Cell Surface Role for Hsp90 Complex Proteins Mediating Neuroblast Migration in the Subventricular Zone

In most mammalian brains, the subventricular zone (SVZ) is a germinative layer that maintains neurogenic activity throughout adulthood. Neuronal precursors arising from this region migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and reach the olfactory bulbs where they differentiate and integrate into the local circuitry. Recently, studies have shown that heat shock proteins have an important role in cancer cell migration and blocking Hsp90 function was shown to hinder cell migration in the developing cerebellum. In this work, we hypothesize that chaperone complexes may have an important function regulating migration of neuronal precursors from the subventricular zone. Proteins from the Hsp90 complex are present in the postnatal SVZ as well as in the RMS. Using an in vitro SVZ explant model, we have demonstrated the expression of Hsp90 and Hop/STI1 by migrating neuroblasts. Treatment with antibodies against Hsp90 and co-chaperone Hop/STI1, as well as Hsp90 and Hsp70 inhibitors hinder neuroblast chain migration. Time-lapse videomicroscopy analysis revealed that cell motility and average migratory speed was decreased after exposure to both antibodies and inhibitors. Antibodies recognizing Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hop/STI1 were found bound to the membranes of cells from primary SVZ cultures and biotinylation assays demonstrated that Hsp70 and Hop/STI1 could be found on the external leaflet of neuroblast membranes. The latter could also be detected in conditioned medium samples obtained from cultivated SVZ cells. Our results suggest that chaperones Hsp90, Hsp70, and co-chaperone Hop/STI1, components of the Hsp90 complex, regulate SVZ neuroblast migration in a concerted manner through an extracellular mechanism.
Collaboration strength metrics and analyses on GitHub

We perform social analyses over an important community: the open code collaboration network. Specifically, we study the correlation among features that measure the strength of social coding collaboration on GitHub - a Web-based source code repository that can be modeled as a social coding network. We also make publicly available a curated dataset called GitSED, GitHub Socially Enhanced Dataset. Our results have many practical applications such as to improve the recommendation of developers, the evaluation of team formation and existing analysis algorithms.
Correction for Deco et al., Key role of coupling, delay, and noise in resting brain fluctuations

NEUROSCIENCE Correction for ‘‘Key role of coupling, delay, and noise in resting brain fluctuations,’’ by Gustavo Deco, Viktor Jirsa, A. R. McIntosh, Olaf Sporns, and Rolf Kötter, which appeared in issue 25, June 23, 2009, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (106:10302–10307; first published June 3, 2009; 10.1073/pnas.0901831106). The authors note that on page 10304, in Fig. 3D, the right-hand graph was incorrect as shown. Additionally, on page 10306, Fig. 5B was incorrect as shown. These errors do not affect the conclusions of the article. The corrected figures and their legends appear below.
Emerging criteria for the low-coherence cannot classify category

ABSTRACT As suggested by Main et al., to respond to the need for an adaptation of the existing Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) coding system, especially regarding the application to nonnormative samples, this study presents additional criteria that characterize the low-coherence cannot classify (CC) category. Three AAIs were selected from a sample of parents of maltreated children. All transcripts indicated a very low coherence, with no evidence of contradictory insecure discourse strategies. Moreover, global category descriptors were identified, together with specific indices of discourse characteristics and features that highlight the breakdown in reasoning and discourse experienced by the speakers. The aim of the study is to illustrate new criteria to identify and rate a low-coherence CC profile toward the operationalization of this pervasively unintegrated state of mind. Through the definition of additional criteria for low-coherence CC category, our study helps the AAI and its coding system be more flexible and effective when dealing with clinical samples.
Congestion at the floating road? Negotiations in networked innovation

In this paper we develop a framework for analyzing negotiation processes in networked innovation, and apply it in infrastructure construction. The paper departs from the question: Why do technological innovative concepts sometimes emerge and diffuse while at other times they ‘congest’? An explanation is found in negotiation processes at different levels in networks, as technological innovations increasingly emerge in heterogeneous networks. We contribute to theory by focusing on the process of negotiation in networks (instead of on network structure), and by showing and explaining how negotiations can both contribute to and adjourn networked innovation processes.
PhishAri: Automatic realtime phishing detection on twitter

With the advent of online social media, phishers have started using social networks like Twitter, Facebook, and Foursquare to spread phishing scams. Twitter is an immensely popular micro-blogging network where people post short messages of 140 characters called tweets. It has over 100 million active users who post about 200 million tweets everyday. Phishers have started using Twitter as a medium to spread phishing because of this vast information dissemination. Further, it is difficult to detect phishing on Twitter unlike emails because of the quick spread of phishing links in the network, short size of the content, and use of URL obfuscation to shorten the URL. Our technique, PhishAri, detects phishing on Twitter in realtime. We use Twitter specific features along with URL features to detect whether a tweet posted with a URL is phishing or not. Some of the Twitter specific features we use are tweet content and its characteristics like length, hashtags, and mentions. Other Twitter features used are the characteristics of the Twitter user posting the tweet such as age of the account, number of tweets, and the follower-followee ratio. These twitter specific features coupled with URL based features prove to be a strong mechanism to detect phishing tweets. We use machine learning classification techniques and detect phishing tweets with an accuracy of 92.52%. We have deployed our system for end-users by providing an easy to use Chrome browser extension. The extension works in realtime and classifies a tweet as phishing or safe. In this research, we show that we are able to detect phishing tweets at zero hour with high accuracy which is much faster than public blacklists and as well as Twitter's own defense mechanism to detect malicious content. We also performed a quick user evaluation of PhishAri in a laboratory study to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of PhishAri and showed that users like and find it convenient to use PhishAri in real-world. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first realtime, comprehensive and usable system to detect phishing on Twitter.
Identifying abnormal parathyroid glands in the thyroid uptake area using technetium-99m-sestamibi and factor analysis of dynamic structures.

UNLABELLED A rapid (25 min) single tracer scintigraphic method to localize parathyroid gland abnormalities was evaluated in 24 patients with hyperparathyroidism. METHODS Scintigraphy was performed with 99mTc-sestamibi prior to surgery. A 25-min dynamic series centered on the neck was acquired immediately after injection of 99mTc-MIBI. Two planar static views were obtained after 1 and 2 hr. To identify abnormal parathyroid tissue in the thyroid uptake area, a factor analysis of dynamic structure (FADS) was applied to the dynamic acquisition. The results were compared to the analysis of the two planar static views. RESULTS FADS demonstrated abnormal uptake of the tracer in the thyroid area for 26 of the 31 parathyroid glands found to be abnormal at surgery (5/6 adenomas, 21/25 hyperplastic glands). In three cases, FADS demonstrated parathyroid uptake despite the absence of parathyroid tissue at surgery. FADS revealed as specific and more sensitive than the visual analysis of the two static views, since only 13/30 glands were still visible after 1 hr, and 5/26 after 2 hr. Furthermore, a study with two static views was found to be less sensitive for the detection of hyperplastic glands. CONCLUSION FADS99mTc-MIBI is performed in less time than existing scintigraphic protocols. It is a promising method to detect abnormal parathyroid glands in the cervical area with a single tracer.
Exposure to Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Oxidation and Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase*

Although metabolic conditions associated with an increased AMP/ATP ratio are primary factors in the activation of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a number of recent studies have shown that increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species can stimulate AMPK activity, even without a decrease in cellular levels of ATP. We found that exposure of recombinant AMPKαβγ complex or HEK 293 cells to H2O2 was associated with increased kinase activity and also resulted in oxidative modification of AMPK, including S-glutathionylation of the AMPKα and AMPKβ subunits. In experiments using C-terminal truncation mutants of AMPKα (amino acids 1–312), we found that mutation of cysteine 299 to alanine diminished the ability of H2O2 to induce kinase activation, and mutation of cysteine 304 to alanine totally abrogated the enhancing effect of H2O2 on kinase activity. Similar to the results obtained with H2O2-treated HEK 293 cells, activation and S-glutathionylation of the AMPKα subunit were present in the lungs of acatalasemic mice or mice treated with the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole, conditions in which intracellular steady state levels of H2O2 are increased. These results demonstrate that physiologically relevant concentrations of H2O2 can activate AMPK through oxidative modification of the AMPKα subunit. The present findings also imply that AMPK activation, in addition to being a response to alterations in intracellular metabolic pathways, is directly influenced by cellular redox status.
Dynamic transbilayer lipid asymmetry.

Cells have thousands of different lipids. In the plasma membrane, and in membranes of the late secretory and endocytotic pathways, these lipids are not evenly distributed over the two leaflets of the lipid bilayer. The basis for this transmembrane lipid asymmetry lies in the fact that glycerolipids are primarily synthesized on the cytosolic and sphingolipids on the noncytosolic surface of cellular membranes, that cholesterol has a higher affinity for sphingolipids than for glycerolipids. In addition, P4-ATPases, "flippases," actively translocate the aminophospholipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine to the cytosolic surface. ABC transporters translocate lipids in the opposite direction but they generally act as exporters rather than "floppases. " The steady state asymmetry of the lipids can be disrupted within seconds by the activation of phospholipases and scramblases. The asymmetric lipid distribution has multiple implications for physiological events at the membrane surface. Moreover, the active translocation also contributes to the generation of curvature in the budding of transport vesicles.
Cue Integration in Categorical Tasks: Insights from Audio-Visual Speech Perception

Previous cue integration studies have examined continuous perceptual dimensions (e.g., size) and have shown that human cue integration is well described by a normative model in which cues are weighted in proportion to their sensory reliability, as estimated from single-cue performance. However, this normative model may not be applicable to categorical perceptual dimensions (e.g., phonemes). In tasks defined over categorical perceptual dimensions, optimal cue weights should depend not only on the sensory variance affecting the perception of each cue but also on the environmental variance inherent in each task-relevant category. Here, we present a computational and experimental investigation of cue integration in a categorical audio-visual (articulatory) speech perception task. Our results show that human performance during audio-visual phonemic labeling is qualitatively consistent with the behavior of a Bayes-optimal observer. Specifically, we show that the participants in our task are sensitive, on a trial-by-trial basis, to the sensory uncertainty associated with the auditory and visual cues, during phonemic categorization. In addition, we show that while sensory uncertainty is a significant factor in determining cue weights, it is not the only one and participants' performance is consistent with an optimal model in which environmental, within category variability also plays a role in determining cue weights. Furthermore, we show that in our task, the sensory variability affecting the visual modality during cue-combination is not well estimated from single-cue performance, but can be estimated from multi-cue performance. The findings and computational principles described here represent a principled first step towards characterizing the mechanisms underlying human cue integration in categorical tasks.
Net2Net: Accelerating Learning via Knowledge Transfer

We introduce techniques for rapidly transferring the information stored in one neural net into another neural net. The main purpose is to accelerate the training of a significantly larger neural net. During real-world workflows, one often trains very many different neural networks during the experimentation and design process. This is a wasteful process in which each new model is trained from scratch. Our Net2Net technique accelerates the experimentation process by instantaneously transferring the knowledge from a previous network to each new deeper or wider network. Our techniques are based on the concept of function-preserving transformations between neural network specifications. This differs from previous approaches to pre-training that altered the function represented by a neural net when adding layers to it. Using our knowledge transfer mechanism to add depth to Inception modules, we demonstrate a new state of the art accuracy rating on the ImageNet dataset.
Operating system integrated energy aware scratchpad allocation strategies for multiprocess applications

Various scratchpad allocation strategies have been developed in the past. Most of them target the reduction of energy consumption. These approaches share the necessity of having direct access to the scratchpad memory. In earlier embedded systems this was always true, but with the increasing complexity of tasks systems have to perform, an additional operating system layer between the hardware and the application is becoming mandatory. This paper presents an approach to integrate a scratchpad memory manager into the operating system. The goal is to minimize energy consumption. In contrast to previous work, compile time knowledge about the application's behavior is taken into account. A set of fast heuristic allocation methods is proposed in this paper. An in-depth study and comparison of achieved energy savings and cycle reductions was performed. The results show that even in the highly dynamic environment of an operating system equipped embedded system, up to 83% energy consumption reduction can be achieved.
Urban School Principals, Deficit Frameworks, and Implications for Leadership

This article presents the findings of a qualitative study of four middle school principals in one urban school district. It focuses on principals’ almost exclusively negative descriptions of the families and communities served by their schools. Whereas much previous writing on this topic has attributed such deficit attitudes to a few bad-thinking educators, this article argues that these principals beliefs are in fact aligned with prevailing attitudes about urban communities, the purposes of schooling, and what leadership can and should do in urban schools Remedying principals’ deficit frameworks is a prerequisite for school improvement and will require selecting, preparing, and supporting principals differently; it will also require making visible the systems of belief that obstruct connections between urban schools and communities
One LED is Enough: Catalyzing Face-to-face Interactions at Conferences with a Gentle Nudge

Face-to-face social interactions among strangers today are becoming increasingly rare as people turn towards computer-mediated networking tools. Today's tools, however, are based on the following assumptions: increased information encourages interaction, profiles are good representations of users to other users, and computer-mediated communications prior to face-to-face meetings lead to better outcomes. This paper describes CommonTies, a gentle technological in the form of a wearable accessory, that encourages immediate, face-to-face, organic social interactions among strangers at conferences. By not exposing any profile information, CommonTies preserves an element of mystery and enables self-disclosure of information through conversation. We evaluate our system through a field study at a three-day research conference - CSCW 2014. We find that despite our information-scarce design, users were willing to interact with strangers and 74% of the interactions initiated by CommonTies were reported as novel and useful.
Why people harm the organization and its members: Relationships among personality, organizational commitment, and workplace deviance

ABSTRACT Based on the five-factor model of personality traits and social exchange theory, this study examines the relationships of personality traits, organizational commitment, and two target-based factors of workplace deviance (organizational deviance and interpersonal deviance), using a sample of 113 South Korean employees. By the use of path-analysis, we first found that Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability were meaningfully related to organizational commitment. In addition, both the effect of Conscientiousness on organizational deviance and the effect of Agreeableness on interpersonal deviance were partially mediated by organizational commitment. In sum, results clearly show that the personality traits of Conscientiousness (impersonal) and Agreeableness (interpersonal) function differently in predicting workplace deviance.
Total extraction of aminoglycosides from guinea pig and bullfrog tissues with sodium hydroxide or trichloroacetic acid

In most experiments when aminoglycoside antibiotic (AG) tissue levels are measured, the AG is extracted into buffered media. The data from this study reveal that buffer extraction results in only partial recovery of AG from tissues and that total recovery can be obtained after NaOH or trichloroacetic acid treatment. Tissues studied here included the whole bullfrog and guinea pig kidney and cochlear tissues after in vivo drug treatment. The AGs used were kanamycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin. Drug concentrations were determined by enzymatic assay and, in the case of tobramycin, also 3H-labeled radioactivity. Only a fraction of total concentration of AG in tissue was released into the supernatants of tissue homogenates. However, the remainder was recovered after NaOH solubilization of the residual pellet. Also, it was found that the G released from the pellet by NaOH was associated with protein. By contrast, trichloroacetic acid precipitation of tissue protein immediately released the drug into the supernatant.