Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circumstellar molecular line emission from S-type AGB stars: Mass-loss rates and SiO abundances

Aims: The main aim is to derive reliable mass-loss rates and circumstellar SiO abundances for a sample of 40 S-type AGB stars based on new multi-transitional CO and SiO radio line observations. In addition, the results are compared to previous results for M-type AGB stars and carbon stars to look for trends with chemical type. Methods: The circumstellar envelopes are assumed to be spherically symmetric and formed by a constant mass-loss rate. The mass-loss rates are estimated from fitting the CO observations using a non-local, non-LTE radiative transfer code based on the Monte Carlo method. In the excitation analysis, the energy balance equation is solved self-consistently simultaneously as the radiative transfer and the temperature structure of the gas is derived. Effects of dust grains are also included in the molecular excitation analysis. Once the physical properties of the circumstellar envelopes are determined, the same radiative transfer code is used to model the observed SiO lines in order to derive circumstellar abundances and the sizes of the SiO line-emitting regions. Results: We have estimated mass-loss rates of 40 S-type AGB stars and find that the derived mass-loss rates have a distribution that resembles those previously derived for similar samples of M-type AGB stars and carbon stars. The estimated mass-loss rates also correlate well with the corresponding expansion velocity of the envelope, in accordance with results for M-type AGB stars and carbon stars. In all, this indicates that the mass loss is driven by the same mechanism in all three chemical types of AGB stars. In addition, we have estimated the circumstellar fractional abundance of SiO relative to H2 in 26 of the sample S-type AGB stars. The derived SiO abundances are, on average, about an order of magnitude higher than predicted by stellar atmosphere thermal equilibrium chemistry, indicating that non-equilibrium chemical processes determines the abundance of SiO in the circumstellar envelope. Moreover, a comparison with the results for M-type AGB stars and carbon stars show that for a certain mass-loss rate, the circumstellar SiO abundance seems independent (although with a large scatter) of the C/O-ratio. Conclusions: In our comparison of S-type AGB stars with carbon stars and M-type AGB stars, we find no large differences in circumstellar physical properties or SiO abundances depending on the chemical type of the star.
Modularity, working memory, and second language acquisition: A research program

Considerable reason exists to view the mind, and language within it, as modular, and this view has an important place in research and theory in second language acquisition (SLA) and beyond. But it has had very little impact on the study of working memory and its role in SLA. This article considers the need for modular study of working memory, looking at the state of common approaches to the subject and the evidence for modularity, and then considering what working memory should look like in a modular mind. It then sketches a research program to explore working memory within a modular mind and particularly its role in SLA. This is followed by a brief look at the way that the Modular Online Growth and Use of Language (MOGUL) approach can serve as a framework for such a program.
Attitudes to reading: An investigation across the primary years

Students’ attitudes to reading and the texts they c hoose to read impact on literacy achievement and willingness to engage with literacy -related activities in the primary years of schooling. This study was conducted in an urban Catholic school in Queensland in Years 1 to 7. Students’ developing at titudes to reading and the perceptions of these attitudes held by their teache rs were examined. An adapted version of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey ( McKenna & Kear, 1990) and Teacher Checklist (Young, 2003) was utilized. Results from the study indicate older students’ att itudes towards recreational reading (in primary school) are not significantly different to younger students’ attitudes. Female students however, show more positive attitud es to recreational reading than male students. Older students’ attitudes towards ac ademic reading are more negative overall and female students showed significantly mo re positive attitudes than their male peers. Students’ choice of texts varied across the year levels with the most preferred reading materials being chapter books, ch ildren’s magazines and comics. Teachers’ perceptions of students’ enjoyment of rea ding in class correlated significantly with students’ own perceived level of reading achievement. Teachers perceive that as students’ level of reading enjoyme nt increases, their level of academic reading achievement also increases. Five recommendations are made from the findings of this study. First, recreational reading engagement needs to be publicly promoted an d positively celebrated within the school community. It was found that for student s to be motivated and see the value of engaging in reading they must be immersed in a school classroom environment that offers a range of recreational act ivities and opportunities. Second, a structured approach to literacy sessions (literacy block) needs to be established and implemented with students across all primary year l vels. This enables students to be scaffolded in their literacy learning and so develo p positive attitudes towards themselves as academic readers. Third, it is recomm ended that guided reading occur
A reappraisal of the chemical composition of the Orion nebula based on Very Large Telescope echelle spectrophotometry

We present Very Large Telescope (VLT) UVES echelle spectrophotometry of the Orion nebula in the 3100-10 400 A range. We have measured the intensity of 555 emission lines, many of them corresponding to permitted lines of different heavy-element ions. This is the largest set of spectral emission lines ever obtained for a Galactic or extragalactic H II region. We have derived He + , C 2+ , O + , O 2+ and Ne 2+ abundances from pure recombination lines. This is the first time that O + and Ne 2+ abundances have been obtained from these kinds of lines in the nebula. We have also derived abundances from collisionally excited lines for a large number of ions of different elements. In all cases, ionic abundances obtained from recombination lines are larger than those derived from collisionally excited lines. We have obtained remarkably consistent independent estimations of the temperature fluctuation parameter, t 2 , from different methods, which are also similar to other estimates from the literature. This result strongly suggests that moderate temperature fluctuations (t 2 between 0.02 and 0.03) are present in the Orion nebula. We have compared the chemical composition of the nebula with those of the Sun and other representative objects. The heavy-element abundances in the Orion nebula are only slightly higher than the solar ones, a difference that can be explained by the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood.
An approach to knowledge generation by research and its utilisation in practice : situating doctoral research around the artifacts

This paper explores expertise in industrial (product) design and the contribution of knowledge generated by doctoral research. It stands on the premise that product design research should not function as a distraction from practice, but as a development of it. This is documented by doctoral studies and examples that illustrate how new knowledge can be generated by research and later applied in practice. The doctoral research is situated within the social structure that constitutes people, activity, context and culture where an artifact is seen to be a mediator for the generation of new knowledge and its application. This is demonstrated by two examples of doctoral studies. The paper concludes with remarks about the importance of research and practice integration, and points out that situating doctoral research around artifacts, as mediators of knowledge, is transferable to any doctoral study in design.
Gain Scheduled Output Feedback Control of Discrete-Time Networked Systems

This paper discusses the Hinfin control synthesis for discrete-time linear networked systems with time-varying delays in input and output channels. The time-varying delays are assumed to take their values in finite sets, and assumed to be measurable only on line. Our formulation allows the (worst) case of random delays with no stochastic assumption. Considering delays as parameters, we first reformulate the Hinfin control problem for networked systems with time-varying delays into that for linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems with jumping parameters. Next, we present a sufficient condition, which is given as a finite set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) depending on values of parameters, for synthesizing a gain scheduled output feedback control for LPV systems with jumping parameters, and based on this condition, derive an output feedback controller scheduled with input-output delays. Finally, applying our controller to the networked system composed of the cart and inverted pendulum plant and the input-output channels with random jumping delays, we show that our controller, which does not assume any stochastic property on delays, displays a good performance almost similar to that of the existing stochastic Hinfin controller.
Central Nervous Activity upon Systemic Salicylate Application in Animals with Kanamycin-Induced Hearing Loss - A Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) Study

This study investigated the effect of systemic salicylate on central auditory and non-auditory structures in mice. Since cochlear hair cells are known to be one major target of salicylate, cochlear effects were reduced by using kanamycin to remove or impair hair cells. Neuronal brain activity was measured using the non-invasive manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging technique. For all brain structures investigated, calcium-related neuronal activity was increased following systemic application of a sodium salicylate solution: probably due to neuronal hyperactivity. In addition, it was shown that the central effect of salicylate was not limited to the auditory system. A general alteration of calcium-related activity was indicated by an increase in manganese accumulation in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus, as well as in the amygdala. The present data suggest that salicylate-induced activity changes in the auditory system differ from those shown in studies of noise trauma. Since salicylate action is reversible, central pharmacological effects of salicylate compared to those of (permanent) noise-induced hearing impairment and tinnitus might induce different pathophysiologies. These should therefore, be treated as different causes with the same symptoms.
Current Topics in Children's Learning and Cognition

Learning in Cognitive Niches / Gerhardt, Ana Flavia Lopes Magela -- Using the Dynamics of a Person-Context System to Describe Children’s Understanding of Air Pressure / Steen, Steffie Van der; Steenbeek, Henderien; Geert, Paul Van -- Preschoolers Learning Science: Myth or Reality? / Kloos, Heidi; Baker, Heather; Luken, Eleanor; Brown, Rhonda; Pfeiffer, David; Carr, Victoria -- The Emergence of Scientific Reasoning / Morris, Bradley J.; Croker, Steve; Masnick, Amy M. ; Zimmerman, Corinne -- Cognition and the Child Witness : Understanding the Impact of Cognitive Development in Forensic Contexts / Segovia, Daisy A. ; Crossman, Angela M. -- Beyond the Black-and-White of Autism : How Cognitive Performance Varies with Context / Amaral, Joseph L. ; Collins, Susan; Bohache, Kevin T. ; Kloos, Heidi -- Psychological Fitness in Young Adult Video Game Players / Pokorski, Mieczyslaw; Borecki, Lukasz; Jernajczyk, Urszula -- The Impact of Moving Away from Home on Undergraduate Metacognitive Development / Downing, Kevin
Transcriptome Sequencing Analyses between the Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Its Maintainer Line in Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants and also serves as a model for investigating nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction. The molecular mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration was investigated in several important economic crops but remains poorly understood in the Welsh onion. Therefore, we compared the differences between the CMS line 64-2 and its maintainer line 64-1 using transcriptome sequencing with the aim of determining critical genes and pathways associated with male sterility. This study combined two years of RNA-seq data; there were 1504 unigenes (in May 2013) and 2928 unigenes (in May 2014) that were differentially expressed between the CMS and cytoplasmic male maintainer Welsh onion varieties. Known CMS-related genes were found in the set of differentially expressed genes and checked by qPCR. These genes included F-type ATPase, NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, etc. Overall, this study demonstrated that the CMS regulatory genes and pathways may be associated with the mitochondria and nucleus in the Welsh onion. We believe that this transcriptome dataset will accelerate the research on CMS gene clones and other functional genomics research on A. fistulosum L.
Outcome of cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer in the GnRH agonist versus antagonist protocol

Background: GnRH agonist and antagonist were developed to control the premature release of LH surge. There is some difference between two protocols. Objective: We compared the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in infertile women who used GnRH agonist or antagonist protocol for previous COH cycle and evaluation of any adverse effect of GnRH antagonist on oocyte and embryo. Materials and Methods: The study group included all infertile women who referred to Yazd Research and Clinical Center for Infertility. Overall 20-35 years old women who were candidate for frozen-thawed embryo transfer with regard to inclusion and exclusion criteria were participated in the study. The patients based on previous control ovarian stimulation (COH) protocol divided in to two groups: GnRH agonist long protocol (n=165) and GnRH antagonist multiple dose protocol (n=165). Frozen-thawed embryos were transferred after endometrial preparation in both groups. Main outcome measures were: implantation, chemical and clinical pregnancy rate. Results: The implantation and clinical pregnancy rate following cryopreserved embryo transfer in GnRH agonist group and antagonist group were 16.3% vs. 15.7% (p=0.806) and 38.1% (63/165) vs. 36.9% (61/165) (p=0.915) and chemical pregnancy rate was 44.8% (74/165) vs. 43.6% (72/165) (p=0.915) respectively. Conclusion: There was no statistically difference between two groups in terms of implantation and pregnancy rate. Although pregnancy rate in fresh embryo transfer in antagonist cycles was lower than agonist groups, Therefore decrease in these parameters might be due to detrimental effect of GnRH antagonist on the endometrium, not embryo or oocyte.
The immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients.

We monitored the responses of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTs) to influenza vaccine during consecutive influenza seasons. Standard 1993-1994 trivalent influenza vaccine was given to 68 SOTs and 29 healthy young adults, and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers were determined pre- and post-immunization. Significant rises in geometric mean antibody titers occurred post-immunization for all three antigens in both groups. However, the magnitude of the rise was lower in SOTs (1.5-2.3-fold vs. 8.7-10.4-fold, depending on the antigen) (P < .05), and significantly fewer SOTs had protective HI titers (> or = 1:40) for B/Panama/45/90 antigens (50% of SOTs vs. 76% of healthy subjects) and for A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) antigens (60% vs. 90%). After exclusion of persons with high preimmunization titers, SOTs had significantly reduced frequencies of > or = 4-fold antibody responses compared with those of healthy subjects (23%-38% vs. 86%-100%) (P < .05 for each antigen). When a series of two injections of standard 1994-1995 vaccine was given to 23 SOTs, there was no significant improvement in vaccine response with the second dose. Some SOTs have deficient responses to inactivated influenza vaccines.
Effects of G‐Loading and Time Lag on Retesting in Job Selection

Understanding influence on and effects of retesting is important to the selection practitioner. This article examines retesting effects on a series of selection measures for mechanically related positions to extend research that has been conducted in more controlled environments. While validity was not significantly different on retesting, time between test attempts and score increase on Spatial Reasoning were positively related, indicating the possibility of learning effects. Lower score increases were found for highly g-loaded measures, and individuals who showed an increase scored more highly on average on their first attempt. Men tended to increase their scores more than women. We close with a discussion of the practical implications of our findings and how to build on them with future research.
Sex, dating, passionate friendships, and romance: intimate peer relations among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents

Although the raw number of adolescent romantic and sexual involvements is well documented, the actual experience and meaning of these relationships for adolescents receives little attention. As a result, these relationships are frequently classed together on the basis of surface similarities, despite important structural and functional differences. Attention to these differences, however, reveals how young men and women craft adaptive constellations of peer relationships to meet changing needs for intimacy and social support during the multiple transitions of adolescence. In this chapter we put forth a typology of intimate peer relationships based on the motives prompting adolescents to pursue them, their specific characteristics, and the functions they serve. We specify four varieties of adolescent relationships – sexual relationships, dating relationships, passionate friendships, and romantic relationships – representing prototypical combinations of some of the most salient motives, characteristics, and functions. Three qualifications are in order. First, our use of this typology is primarily heuristic. We do not suggest that all adolescent intimate relationships can or should be shoehorned into one of these categories or that such a task has any intrinsic value. Rather, we elaborate these relationship categories to demonstrate how an analysis of the motives, characteristics, and functions underlying adolescent intimate relationships elucidates their developmental significance better than an analysis of surface features alone.
Overview of Dynamic Contrast- Enhanced Mri in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Management Verma Et Al. Contrast-enhanced Mri in Prostate Cancer Genitourinary Imaging Review

However, DCE-MRI has become an important component of the multiparametric strategy and is emerging as a useful clinical technique for evaluating the severity, location, and extent of primary and recurrent pros-tate cancer. This technique differs from other functional MRI techniques in that it uses an exogenous contrast agent (low-molecular-weight gadolinium chelate) to assess tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed summary of efforts to date in prostate DCE-MRI as well as to present a guide for performing DCE-MRI in patients with known or suspected prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Angiogenesis Like many tumors in other organs, prostate cancer shows earlier and more pronounced enhancement than surrounding normal pros-tate tissue on DCE-MRI [3]. This enhancement pattern is thought to be related to tumor angiogenesis. More aggressive tumors have the ability to initiate an angiogenic " switch " that upregulates molecular pathways, leading to the production and release of angiogen-ic factors, such as the vascular permeability factor or vascular endothelial growth factor. As a result, the number of vessels increases, and these newly formed tumor vessels have higher permeability than do normal vessels because of weak integrity of the vessel wall [4–6]. In general, tumor vessels are more permeable than normal vessels, more heterogeneous in size, and more disorganized. Studies suggest that the prognosis worsens as the P rostate cancer is a commonly diagnosed tumor in men that represents a broad spectrum of severity , ranging from indolent to highly lethal [1]. The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum screening has increased the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Prostate cancers are composed of both indolent and more aggressive cancers. The earlier diagnosis of aggressive cancers may account for a recent reduction in prostate cancer–specific death rates. One problem with the current standard of care is that elevated PSA values inevitably lead to random prostate biopsies, which, in turn, lead to the discovery of incidental, often inconsequential, tumors [2]. Meanwhile, these same random biopsies may miss significant disease. Thus, MRI may play a role in conjunction with PSA for localizing biopsy sites and identifying those tumors more likely to cause death if left untreated. The current MRI evaluation consists of one or more anatomic and functional techniques , such as T2-weighted MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Therefore, the current standard is to perform a multipara-metric prostate MRI examination, recognizing that no single …
High Nucleotide Divergence in Developmental Regulatory Genes Contrasts With the Structural Elements of Olfactory Pathways in Caenorhabditis

Almost all organismal function is controlled by pathways composed of interacting genetic components. The relationship between pathway structure and the evolution of individual pathway components is not completely understood. For the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, chemosensory pathways regulate critical aspects of an individual's life history and development. To help understand how olfaction evolves in Caenorhabditis and to examine patterns of gene evolution within transduction pathways in general, we analyzed nucleotide variation within and between species across two well-characterized olfactory pathways, including regulatory genes controlling the fate of the cells in which the pathways are expressed. In agreement with previous studies, we found much higher levels of polymorphism within C. remanei than within the related species C. elegans and C. briggsae. There are significant differences in the rates of nucleotide evolution for genes across the two pathways but no particular association between evolutionary rate and gene position, suggesting that the evolution of functional pathways must be considered within the context of broader gene network structure. However, developmental regulatory genes show both higher levels of divergence and polymorphism than the structural genes of the pathway. These results show that, contrary to the emerging paradigm in the evolution of development, important structural changes can accumulate in transcription factors.