Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nicotine Metabolism in African Americans and European Americans: Variation in Glucuronidation by Ethnicity and UGT2B10 Haplotype

Nicotine is the major addictive agent in tobacco smoke, and it is metabolized extensively by oxidation and glucuronide conjugation. The contributions of ethnicity and UGT2B10 haplotype on variation in nicotine metabolism were investigated. Nicotine metabolism was evaluated in two populations of smokers. In one population of African American and European American smokers (n = 93), nicotine and its metabolites were analyzed in plasma and 24-h urine over 3 days while participants were abstinent and at steady state on the nicotine patch. In a second study of smokers (n = 84), the relationship of a UGT2B10 haplotype linked with D67Y to nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation levels was determined. We observed that both African American ethnicity and the UGT2B10 D67Y allele were associated with a low glucuronidation phenotype. African Americans excreted less nicotine and cotinine as their glucuronide conjugates compared with European Americans; percentage of nicotine glucuronidation, 18.1 versus 29.3 (p < 0.002) and percentage of cotinine glucuronidation, 41.4 versus 61.7 (p < 0.0001). In smokers with a UGT2B10 Tyr67 allele, glucuronide conjugation of nicotine and cotinine was decreased by 20% compared with smokers without this allele. Two key outcomes are reported here. First, the observation that African Americans have lower nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation was confirmed in a population of abstinent smokers on the nicotine patch. Second, we provide the first convincing evidence that UGT2B10 is a key catalyst of these glucuronidation pathways in vivo.
Trabectedin and Its C Subunit Modified Analogue PM01183 Attenuate Nucleotide Excision Repair and Show Activity toward Platinum-Resistant Cells

PM01183 is a novel marine-derived covalent DNA binder in clinical development. PM01183 is structurally similar to trabectedin (yondelis, ecteinascidin-743) except for the C subunit, and this modification is accompanied by different pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. We here characterize the interaction of PM01183 with the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway in comparison with trabectedin. Our results show for the first time that although neither PM01183 nor trabectedin is repaired by NER, both compounds are able to interfere with the NER machinery thereby attenuating the repair of specific NER substrates. We further show that the NER activity is increased in 3 of 4 cellular models with acquired resistance to cisplatin or oxaliplatin, confirming the involvement of NER in the resistance to platinum derivatives. Importantly, both PM01183 and trabectedin show unchanged or even enhanced activity toward all 4 cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines. We finally show that combinations of PM01183 and cisplatin were mostly synergistic toward both parental and cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells as indicated by Chou and Talalay analysis. These data show that the C subunit of trabectedin can be subjected to at least some structural modifications without loss of activity or NER interaction. While PM01183 and trabectedin appear functionally similar in cellular models, it is likely that the differences in pharmacokinetics may allow different dosing and scheduling of PM01183 in the clinic that could lead to novel and/or increased antitumor activity. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic basis to support clinical trials of PM01183 alone or in combination with cisplatin. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(8); 1481–9. ©2011 AACR.
Determinants of employee turnover intention: Understanding the roles of organizational justice, supervisory justice, authoritarian organizational culture and organization-employee relationship quality

This study seeks to identify associations amongst organizational justice, supervisory justice, authoritarian organizational culture, organization-employee relationship quality and employee turnover intention. An online survey (n=300) was conducted in South Korea. Organizational justice and supervisory justice are positively associated with organization-employee relationship quality while authoritarian organizational culture is negatively associated with it. In addition, there is positive association between authoritarian organizational culture and turnover intention. This study contributes to the lack of research on organization-employee relationship quality as a predictor of employee turnover intention and a mediator between authoritarian organizational culture and turnover intention.
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging: A New Tool for the Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Purpose. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ARFI imaging in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules <1 cm. Materials and Methods. 173 pathologically proven thyroid nodules (77 benign, 96 malignant) in 157 patients were included in this study. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound (US) and ARFI imaging in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The independent risk factors for predicting PTMC were evaluated. Results. The mean SWV value of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 2.57 ± 0.79 m/s (range: 0.90–4.92 m/s) and 3.88 ± 2.24 m/s (range: 1.49–9.00 m/s) (P = 0.000). Az for VTI elastography score was higher than that for hypoechoic, absence of halo sign, and type III vascularity (P < 0.05). The optimal cut-offs for VTI elastography score and SWV were score 4 and 3.10 m/s. Gender, hypoechoic, taller than wide, VTI elastography score ≥ 4, and SWV > 3.10 m/s had been found to be independent risk factors for predicting PTMC. Conclusion. ARFI elastography can provide elasticity information of PTMC quantitatively (VTQ) and directly reflects the overall elastic properties (VTI). Gender, hypoechogenicity, taller than wide, VTI elastography score ≥ 4, and SWV > 3.10 m/s are independent risk factors for predicting PTMC. ARFI elastography seems to be a new tool for the diagnosis of PTMC.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI KELAS V SD

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa. Hal ini disebabkan model pembelajaran yang digunakan guru hanya sebatas melatih kemampuan tingkat rendah saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model problem based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode quasi eksperiment, serta desain Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Dengan N= 24 diperoleh Hasil penghitungan t-test menghasilkan nilai te 2,438 dengan nilai t tabel pada taraf signifikansi 5% bernilai 2,069. Maka dapat dituliskan te > tt dengan kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learning Kususnya di SDN Jeruk I/469 Surabaya. Kata Kunci: model problem based Learning, kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Abstract The low of high order thingking skill of student is the background of this research. It is caused by the learning model which is used by the teacher just for training lower order thinking. The research aims to know the effect of using problem based Learning model on high order thingking skill of student. Researcher use quasi experiment for the research methods and Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The research shows that With N= 24, results of t-test is 2,438 and t table on significance level 5 % is 2,069 It is made based on values te > tt. Then, Researcher compares both of those values and make a conclusion that there is an significant effect on learning process which has implemented the problem based learning model especially for the student of SDN Jeruk I/469 Surabaya. Keywords: problem based Learning model, high order thingking skill.
Dictator's Game and Prisoner's Dilemma in an EEG study on money donation

is currently scarce about what happens in the brain when a decision is made to make a donation. This intriguing donation behavior is often assumed to relate to social relationships. The present study used simulated situations in which participants had to decide how to manage money when possibilities for donation were available. Electroencephalographic signals were recorded while participants were exposed to two cognitive situations, the Dictator's Game and the Prisoner's Dilemma, to simulate money exchange between people. Brain activity was measured to determine whether correlations could be made with decisions to donate. Sixty volunteers were assessed, and stimuli were presented randomly. After the presentation of the cognitive tests, the participants were allocated to two groups for the respective cognitive situations. The data showed significant differences in the left prefrontal cortex between questions with a donation context and questions not related to donations. Participants who heard a question related to donation had higher activation in the left prefrontal cortex. These results are consistent with recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, suggesting that greater activation in the prefrontal cortex could be produced by the logical evaluation of dilemmas. These results suggest that logical evaluation occurs when faced with a reasonable donation situation. Keywords: altruism, donation, EEG, decision-making.
The role of nAChR-mediated spontaneous retinal activity in visual system development.

In the developing vertebrate retina, nAChR synapses are among the first to appear. This early cholinergic circuitry plays a key role in generating "retinal waves," spontaneously generated waves of action potentials that sweep across the ganglion cell layer. These retinal waves exist for a short period of time during development when several circuits within the visual system are being established. Here I review the cholinergic circuitry of the developing retina and the role these early circuits play in the development of the retina itself and of retinal projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
The Biological Function of the Prion Protein: A Cell Surface Scaffold of Signaling Modules

The prion glycoprotein (PrPC) is mostly located at the cell surface, tethered to the plasma membrane through a glycosyl-phosphatydil inositol (GPI) anchor. Misfolding of PrPC is associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), whereas its normal conformer serves as a receptor for oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). PrPC is highly expressed in both the nervous and immune systems, as well as in other organs, but its functions are controversial. Extensive experimental work disclosed multiple physiological roles of PrPC at the molecular, cellular and systemic levels, affecting the homeostasis of copper, neuroprotection, stem cell renewal and memory mechanisms, among others. Often each such process has been heralded as the bona fide function of PrPC, despite restricted attention paid to a selected phenotypic trait, associated with either modulation of gene expression or to the engagement of PrPC with a single ligand. In contrast, the GPI-anchored prion protein was shown to bind several extracellular and transmembrane ligands, which are required to endow that protein with the ability to play various roles in transmembrane signal transduction. In addition, differing sets of those ligands are available in cell type- and context-dependent scenarios. To account for such properties, we proposed that PrPC serves as a dynamic platform for the assembly of signaling modules at the cell surface, with widespread consequences for both physiology and behavior. The current review advances the hypothesis that the biological function of the prion protein is that of a cell surface scaffold protein, based on the striking similarities of its functional properties with those of scaffold proteins involved in the organization of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Those properties are: the ability to recruit spatially restricted sets of binding molecules involved in specific signaling; mediation of the crosstalk of signaling pathways; reciprocal allosteric regulation with binding partners; compartmentalized responses; dependence of signaling properties upon posttranslational modification; and stoichiometric requirements and/or oligomerization-dependent impact on signaling. The scaffold concept may contribute to novel approaches to the development of effective treatments to hitherto incurable neurodegenerative diseases, through informed modulation of prion protein-ligand interactions.
Construction of an Integrated High Density Simple Sequence Repeat Linkage Map in Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and its Applicability

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) of the Rosaceae family whose genomic architecture is still controversial. Several recent studies support the AAA'A'BBB'B' model, but its complexity has hindered genetic and genomic analysis of this important crop. To overcome this difficulty and to assist genome-wide analysis of F. × ananassa, we constructed an integrated linkage map by organizing a total of 4474 of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers collected from published Fragaria sequences, including 3746 SSR markers [Fragaria vesca expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived SSR markers] derived from F. vesca ESTs, 603 markers (F. × ananassa EST-derived SSR markers) from F. × ananassa ESTs, and 125 markers (F. × ananassa transcriptome-derived SSR markers) from F. × ananassa transcripts. Along with the previously published SSR markers, these markers were mapped onto five parent-specific linkage maps derived from three mapping populations, which were then assembled into an integrated linkage map. The constructed map consists of 1856 loci in 28 linkage groups (LGs) that total 2364.1 cM in length. Macrosynteny at the chromosome level was observed between the LGs of F. × ananassa and the genome of F. vesca. Variety distinction on 129 F. × ananassa lines was demonstrated using 45 selected SSR markers.
Feasibility Investigation of Low Cost Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Directional Couplers

In this paper, the feasibility of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) couplers, fabricated using single-layer TACONIC RF-35 dielectric substrate is investigated. The couplers have been produced employing a standard PCB process. The choice of the TACONIC RF-35 substrate as alternative to other conventional materials is motivated by its lower cost and high dielectric constant, allowing the reduction of the device size. The coupler requirements are 90-degree phase shift between the output and the coupled ports and frequency bandwidth from about 10.5GHz to 12.5GHz. The design and optimization of the couplers have been performed by using the software CST Microwave Studio c ∞ . Eight difierent coupler conflgurations have been designed and compared. The better three couplers have been fabricated and characterized. The proposed SIW directional couplers could be integrated within more complex planar circuits or utilized as stand-alone devices, because of their compact size. They exhibit good performance and could be employed in communication applications as broadcast signal distribution and as key elements for the construction of other microwave devices and systems.
Adaptive Top–Down Suppression of Hippocampal Activity and the Purging of Intrusive Memories from Consciousness

When reminded of unwanted memories, people often attempt to suppress these experiences from awareness. Prior work indicates that control processes mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) modulate hippocampal activity during such retrieval suppression. It remains unknown whether this modulation plays a role in purging an intrusive memory from consciousness. Here, we combined fMRI and effective connectivity analyses with phenomenological reports to scrutinize a role for adaptive top–down suppression of hippocampal retrieval processes in terminating mnemonic awareness of intrusive memories. Participants either suppressed or recalled memories of pictures depicting faces or places. After each trial, they reported their success at regulating awareness of the memory. DLPFC activation was greatest when unwanted memories intruded into consciousness and needed to be purged, and this increased engagement predicted superior control of intrusive memories over time. However, hippocampal activity was decreased during the suppression of place memories only. Importantly, the inhibitory influence of the DLPFC on the hippocampus was linked to the ensuing reduction in intrusions of the suppressed memories. Individuals who exhibited negative top–down coupling during early suppression attempts experienced fewer involuntary memory intrusions later on. Over repeated suppressions, the DLPFC–hippocampus connectivity grew less negative with the degree that they no longer had to purge unwanted memories from awareness. These findings support a role of DLPFC in countermanding the unfolding recollection of an unwanted memory via the suppression of hippocampal processing, a mechanism that may contribute to adaptation in the aftermath of traumatic experiences.
ADVANCED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE RESEARCH

In this manuscript, research on hydrogen internal combustion engines is discussed. The objective of this project is to provide a means of renewable hydrogen based fuel utilization. The development of a high efficiency, low emissions electrical generator will lead to establishing a path for renewable hydrogen based fuel utilization. A full-scale prototype will be produced in collaboration with commercial manufacturers. The electrical generator is based on developed internal combustion engine technology. It is able to operate on many hydrogen-containing fuels. The efficiency and emissions are comparable to fuel cells (50% fuel to electricity, ~ 0 NOx). This electrical generator is applicable to both stationary power and hybrid vehicles. It also allows specific markets to utilize hydrogen economically and painlessly.
Program Bimbingan Belajar Untuk Mengembangkan Resiliensi Akademik Siswa Boarding School (Studi Deskriptif Terhadap Siswa SMA)

Performa akademik yang baik merupakan tuntutan sekaligus ciri keberhasilan siswa dalam bidang akademik. Oleh karena itu sekolah berlomba-lomba untuk memberikan pelayanan akademik yang terbaik tak terkecuali sekolah dengan sistem b oarding s chool . Siswa yang dapat memenuhi tuntutan akademik pastinya akan menunjukan performa yang terbaik, tetapi sebaliknya, siswa yang tak mampu bertahan di tengah tekanan dan persaingan tentu akan tenggelam ditambah dengan problematika b oarding s chool lainnya. Resiliensi akademik dengan tujuah aspeknya yaitu pengaturan emosi, pengendalian dorongan, optimisme, efikasi diri, empati, analisis sebab akibat dan membuka diri dapat membantu siswa untuk bertahan di lingkungan akademik dengan tuntutan tinggi seperti b oarding s chool . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran resiliensi akademik siswa b oarding s s chool dan menyusun program bimbingan belajar yang efektif untuk mengembangkan resiliensi akademik siswa b oarding s chool . Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat resiliensi akademik siswa SMA b oarding s chool berada pada kategori sedang. Rekomendasi diberikan kepada: (1) pihak sekolah diharapkan mampu memberikan perhatian terhadap kondisi psikologis siswa (2) guru pembimbing diharapkan mengembangkan program bimbingan belajar untuk mengembangkan resiliensi akademik dengan strategi yang lebih beragam (3) peneliti selanjutnya menggunakan tekhnik konseling tertentu untuk menangani siswa dengan resiliensi akademik pada kategori rendah.
ATTAINABILITY TECHNIQUE BASED ON POLYHEDRAL APPROACH: APPLICATION TO HYBRID TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

This paper presents a new attainability technique based on a polyhedral approach for hybrid systems. The main aim of the proposed technique is to obtain a robust-control closed loop system with attainable behavior under all possible and allowable disturbances. Moreover, and in contrast to existed approaches, this technique considers a new switching mechanism that allows the exploration of all different sub-models of piecewise affine systems that represent the interaction between continuous and discrete parts in the hybrid systems. The proposed technique is applied to a temperature control system to examine its ability in providing a reliable attainability.
The Impact of Racial Miscategorization and Racial Ambiguity on Multiracial Identity and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study

THE IMPACT OF RACIAL MISCATEGORIZATION AND RACIAL AMBIGUITY ON MULTIRACIAL IDENTITY AND WELL-BEING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY Shirley A. Newcomb, M.A. Marquette University, 2017 Despite the rapid growth of the multiracial population there is a dearth of literature that informs the field of counseling psychology about the identity development and well-being of multiracial people. More specifically, there is little research which explores the challenge of having one’s racial identity repeatedly questioned and/or miscategorized, and how these experiences of racial miscategorization and racial incongruence may influence their identity choices and well-being. The sample consisted of 11 total participants, (women N = 9, men N = 2) who self-identified as racially ambiguous and of multiracial descent. Overall findings of the study suggest that experiences of racial miscategorization and being questioned about racial background (e.g. What are you? ) had a negative impact on well-being, though many individuals considered these experiences as helpful building resilience later in life. Although racial miscategorization and being questioned about racial background was found to negatively impact well-being, it was found to have a positive impact on racial identity and development. Implications and future directions are discussed.
The Impacts of Animated-Virtual Actors' Visual Complexity and Simulator Sickness in Virtual Reality Applications

This article discusses the effects of Animated Virtual Actors (AVAs) visual complexity on Simulator Sickness (SS) in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. SS is one of the major disadvantages of VR simulations. Previous research has shown that visual complexity correlates with SS. Yet complex AVAs are increasingly used along with real-time graphics. Minimising SS for a VR application is thus beneficial. A series of VR simulations were created to teach second-year psychology students about the navigational capabilities of desert ants with different levels of AVA’s visual complexity: ¿at, cartoon, or life- like. We predicted that more complex AVAs would induce more SS. The results contradicted the predictions, with no significant differences in SS between groups as a function of the AVAs visual complexity. Moreover, our methods succeeded in low overall levels of SS in all the simulations. Possible explanations and our future research directions are discussed.
Women on corporate boards: Do they advance corporate social responsibility?

Do women board directors change how companies do business? Firms face growing pressure to appoint more women to their boards of directors, yet little is known about the factors that enable female directors to impact their organizations. This study analyzes the representational thresholds that facilitate women’s leadership in the area of corporate social responsibility. We test the predictions of token theory and critical mass theory to evaluate the ability of women to impact firm outcomes based on their numerical representation on the board of directors. Our analysis focuses on board composition and organizational outcomes in the Fortune 500 from 2001 to 2010. Our findings challenge the theoretical assumptions that solo and token women are unable to exert significant influence over their organizations, and underscore the importance of board diversity for today’s firms.