Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Multidimensional Assessment of Work Spillover into Family Life.

The purpose of the present study is threefold. First, it presents evidence for the construct validity and internal reliability of a new multidimensional measure of work spillover. Second, it provides some insight into three processes by which work can affect an individual's personal and family life (i.e., time, energy, and psychological interference). Finally, the present study examines four primary nonwork role contexts (i.e., the parent-child relationship, the marital relationship, leisure activities, and the home management role) and assesses how likely each is to be affected by work spillover. The sample was composed of 130 male executives and their spouses. Strong support was found for the construct validity and internal consistency of the global measure of work spillover. For the present sample of executives, the data do not support the hypothesis that work stress spills over into some role contexts more than others. In contrast, the data provide support for at least three distinct processes by which work can spill over and affect family and personal life.
Does Gender Still Matter? A Study of the Views of Women in the ICT Industry in New Zealand

Using data from in-depth interviews with female information and communication technology (ICT) professionals from New Zealand's four main cities, this article uses a social constructivist framework to investigate the women's perceptions of their ICT work place. The results show that there are regional differences in organization type, job category and salaries, as well as in the perceptions of the women towards their environment. Most women did not actively seek to be employed in ICT — rather their entry was serendipitous. While they enjoyed working in the environment, there was an obvious gendering of the workforce with most technical positions being held by men and women working mainly in the softer side of ICT. The women perceived their gendered roles to be a highly important and an integral part of ICT and believed their salaries were equitable with their male colleagues. Having a greater understanding of how women view their ICT work place will contribute to attracting and retaining them in an industry where a shortage of skills is envisaged in the near future.
The spiritual component of children’s lives: the role of media

Drawn from a larger study of Canadian children’s sense of self and media habits, this study explores the role of religiosity and/or spirituality within 535 children’s (281 girls, 254 boys; 5–13 years of age) self‐reported media preferences and habits over a three‐year period. Results indicate that the theme of spirituality and/or religiosity emerged most frequently within the context of after‐school activities, music listening habits and the reading habits of participants’ mothers. Aside from children in Grade 1 (five–six years), girls were more likely than boys to mention issues of spirituality and religiosity, particularly during preadolescence (10–13 years). Younger children reported more issues of spirituality than older children. Results are discussed in terms of educational implications for critical media literacy.
Sensitivity of constrained linear inversions to the selection of the Lagrange multiplier. [for inferring columnar aerosol size distribution from spectral aerosol optical depth measurements]

Abstract The sensitivity of constrained linear inversions to the selection of the Lagrange multiplier is demonstrated for the can of inferring columnar aerosol size distributions from spectral aerosol optical depth measurements. Since negative values of the aerosol size distribution constitute an unphysical solution, the Lagrange multiplier is varied within a restricted range until a range of values is reached for which all elements of the solution vector are positive. In addition to the constraint that the solution vector be positive, it is necessary for the final solution to be a smooth function and to satisfy the original integral equation to within the noise level of the measurements. An iterative method is presented whereby an initial estimate of the size distribution is modified until the final solution satisfies both the positivity constraint and the requirement that the regression fit to the data using the inverted size distribution he consistent with the measurement errors. A formula for calculat.
Epidemiology of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Rotterdam Study.

Purpose Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) are considered to be a distinct feature in AMD. Population studies have studied the epidemiology of RPD using standard color fundus photographs (CFP). However, recent studies have shown that RPD are better imaged using near-infrared (NIR) imaging. We studied the epidemiology of RPD in a large population-based study using NIR and CFP. Methods Participants aged 65+ years from the Rotterdam Study underwent ophthalmologic examination including NIR and CFP. Both images were graded for the presence of RPD and soft indistinct drusen (SID). Associations with demographic and environmental factors, 26 genetic variants, and total genetic risk score were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results Reticular pseudodrusen were detected in 137 (4.9%) of 2774 study participants; of these, 92.7% were detected with NIR imaging and 38% on CFP. Most eyes with RPD showed presence of SID, whereas other drusen types coincided less frequently. Reticular pseudodrusen were significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.17-1.24) and female sex (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.41-3.13). Environmental factors did not show a significant association with RPD. Major AMD risk variants were significantly associated with RPD and SID; however, ARMS2, C3, and VEGFA were more associated with RPD (RPD vs. SID P < 0.05). Total genetic risk score did not differ significantly (P = 0.88). Conclusion Detection of RPD was better with NIR imaging than on CFP in a population-based setting. Presence of RPD often coincided with presence of SID; however, they showed quantitative differences in genetic risk profile.
Emotion Matters in Serial Arguments: The Effects of Anger and Compassion on Perceived Resolvability and Relationship Confidence in Dating Relationships

This study is designed to examine the effects of emotion on serial argument processes and outcomes. Specifically, it investigates the effects of anger and compassion on perceived resolvability and relationship confidence in dating relationships. Three main findings are reported. First, anger is negatively related to perceived resolvability, but compassion is positively related to it. Second, anger has a negative correlation with relationship confidence, but compassion has a positive correlation with it. Third, perceived resolvability mediates the effects of anger and compassion on relationship confidence.
Responses to Wh-Questions in English Conversation

We explore the grammatical and interactional characteristics of various response-types to wh-questions in American English conversation. Our data reveal that there are two broad types of responses to type-specifying wh-questions, phrasal and clausal. We argue that each of these types of responses exhibits unique interactional properties, such that while phrasal responses to wh-questions do simple answering, clausal responses occur when there is trouble with the question or sequence. We suggest that the design of wh-questions permits a grammatically symbiotic or grammatically resonant response, and that such symbiotic phrasal responses, specifically fitted to the lexicogrammar of wh-questions, are the optimal no-trouble response for furthering the project initiated by the question. We take our study to provide further confirmation of the view of grammar that Schegloff has persuasively argued for (1996b, inter alia), namely the value, indeed the necessity, of considering grammar in terms of its real-time sequential habitat, the everyday practices through which social interaction is managed and accomplished.
Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in defense against alkaline stress in roots of wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba)

Wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Mill.) is highly tolerant to alkaline, saline and drought stress; however, no studies have performed transcriptome profiling to study the response of wild jujube to these and other abiotic stresses. In this study, we examined the tolerance of wild jujube to NaHCO3-NaOH solution and analyzed gene expression profiles in response to alkaline stress. Physiological experiments revealed that H2O2 content in leaves increased significantly and root activity decreased quickly during alkaline of pH 9.5 treatment. For transcriptome analysis, wild jujube plants grown hydroponically were treated with NaHCO3-NaOH solution for 0, 1, and 12 h and six transcriptomes from roots were built. In total, 32,758 genes were generated, and 3,604 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. After 1 h, 853 genes showed significantly different expression between control and treated plants; after 12 h, expression of 2,856 genes was significantly different. The expression pattern of nine genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. After gene annotation and gene ontology enrichment analysis, the genes encoding transcriptional factors, serine/threonine-protein kinases, heat shock proteins, cysteine-like kinases, calmodulin-like proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were found to be closely involved in alkaline stress response. These results will provide useful insights for elucidating the mechanisms underlying alkaline tolerance in wild jujube.
Clostridium difficile colitis in patients after kidney and pancreas–kidney transplantation

Abstract: Limited data exist about Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) in solid organ transplant patients. Between 1/1/99 and 12/31/02, 600 kidney and 102 pancreas–kidney allograft recipients were transplanted. Thirty‐nine (5.5%) of these patients had CDC on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. Of these 39 patients, 35 have information available for review. CDC developed at a median of 30 days after transplantation, and the patients undergoing pancreas–kidney transplantation had a slightly higher incidence of CDC than recipients of kidney alone (7.8% vs. 4.5%, P>0.05). All but one patient presented with diarrhea. Twenty‐four patients (64.9%) were diagnosed in the hospital, and CDC occurred during first hospitalization in 14 patients (40%). Treatment was with oral metronidazole (M) in 33 patients (94%) and M+oral vancomycin (M+V) in 2 patients. Eight patients had recurrent CDC, which occurred at a median of 30 days (range 15–314) after the first episode. Two patients (5.7%) developed fulminant CDC, presented with toxic megacolon, and underwent colectomy. One of them died; the other patient survived after colectomy. CDC should be considered as a diagnosis in transplant patients with history of diarrhea after antibiotic use, and should be treated aggressively before the infection becomes complicated.
Attentional biases in eating disorders: a visual probe detection procedure.

OBJECTIVE To investigate attentional biases for body shape and weight-related stimulus words among subjects with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and control subjects classified using a measure of dietary restraint. METHODS A visual probe detection task was used to assess attention toward stimulus words reflecting either a thin or a large physique and positively or negatively valenced emotion words. RESULTS In comparison to controls, subjects with eating disorders detected target probes more slowly when they appeared in the same location as had stimulus words connoting a thin physique. In addition, there was a trend toward faster detection or target probes that appeared in the same location as had stimulus words connoting a large physique. Neither of these effects were observed among restrained eaters. DISCUSSION Our results extend prior work suggesting information-processing biases for body shape and weight-related stimuli among persons with eating disorders.
Investigating Organizational Culture: A Comparison of a ‘High’‐ and a ‘Low’‐Performing Residential Unit for People with Intellectual Disabilities

Background This pilot study investigates organizational culture in small community-based residential services for people with intellectual disabilities, one of the under-researched determinants of staff behaviour and performance. Staff performance is of primary importance in the provision of quality services. Materials and methods Two matched residential units were assessed using COMPASS: A Multi-Perspective Evaluation of Quality in Home Life, and identified as ‘high’ and ‘low’ performing. The organizational culture of the units was assessed using the Organizational Culture Inventory in order to investigate any associations. Results The unit with better quality outcomes demonstrated a more positive organizational culture overall, with statistically significant lower scores on three negatively influential cultural styles, namely, oppositional, competitive and perfectionistic. Conclusions There may well be a meaningful relationship between organizational culture and quality outcomes, although the nature of this relationship is far from clear. The continuation of investigations into organizational culture is encouraged.
The Impact of Emotionally Important Social Identities on the Construction of a Managerial Leader Identity: A Challenge for Nurses in the English National Health Service

The ability of individuals to accommodate the emotional transition into roles requiring the construction of a leader identity is an under-researched phenomenon. To address this research gap we consider the experience of 32 nurse managers undergoing a leadership development programme, exploring how an emotional attachment to their professional group identity may cause identity conflict during the construction of a managerial leader identity. We consider how competing desired identities can result in negative emotional experiences, calling into question existing work, which assumes that desired group identities are congruent with leader identities. Our work suggests that identity work can mitigate identity conflict at the individual level, enabling nurse managers to function in their role, but emotional distress will continue due to a perceived loss of professional identity and group influence. We contend it is only by eschewing an emotional attachment to a professional group identity that nurse managers will be able to overcome this negative emotional experience.
Relations Between Children's Invented Spelling and the Development of Phonological Awareness

The objective of this study was to assess the impact on phonological skills of a training program that was intended to lead preschool children to move from prephonetic spellings to early phonemic spellings. The participants were 30 preschool children who were divided into two groups (experimental and control groups) that were equivalent in terms of the children's intelligence, the number of letters with which they were familiar and the nature of their invented spelling. The intervention proved effective, inasmuch as the children in the experimental group moved to early phonemic spellings, whereas those in the control group did not. This conceptual evolution entailed enhanced performance in phonemic classification, segmentation and deletion tests, in which the children in the experimental group displayed a degree of progress which differed significantly from that achieved by the members of the control group.
Multisubject fMRI Studies and Conjunction Analyses

In this paper we present an approach to making inferences about generic activations in groups of subjects using fMRI. In particular we suggest that activations common to all subjects reflect aspects of functional anatomy that may be "typical" of the population from which that group was sampled. These commonalities can be identified by a conjunction analysis of the activation effects in which the contrasts, testing for an activation, are specified separately for each subject. A conjunction is the joint refutation of multiple null hypotheses, in this instance, of no activation in any subject. The motivation behind this use of conjunctions is that fixed-effect analyses are generally more "sensitive" than equivalent random-effect analyses. This is because fixed-effect analyses can harness the large degrees of freedom and small scan-to-scan variability (relative to the variability in responses from subject to subject) when assessing the significance of an estimated response. The price one pays for the apparent sensitivity of fixed-effect analyses is that the ensuing inferences pertain to, and only to, the subjects studied. However, a conjunction analysis, using a fixed-effect model, allows one to infer: (i) that every subject studied activated and (ii) that at least a certain proportion of the population would have shown this effect. The second inference depends upon a meta-analytic formulation in terms of a confidence region for this proportion. This approach retains the sensitivity of fixed-effect analyses when the inference that only a substantial proportion of the population activates is sufficient.
Albumin Stabilizes Fibrin Fiber Ultrastructure in Low Serum Albumin Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Serum albumin is an essential plasma protein that serves an important function in maintaining osmotic pressure. Low levels of this protein are associated with the kidney failure and hemodialysis that are often seen in diabetic patients who are at high risk of thrombotic events. In diabetes, fibrin fiber nets are changed to form dense matted deposits (DMDs, or parafibrin). Here the authors investigate whether parafibrin is also present in diagnosed low-albumin diabetes patients and whether the addition of human albumin to plasma from low-albumin diabetes type 2 individuals may change the architecture of the fibrin nets. The authors show that the addition of albumin to plasma of low-albumin diabetes patients progressively caused the DMDs typically found in these patients to revert back to ultrastructure typically seen in healthy individuals. This disease has an extremely complicated pathophysiology and thus cannot be considered as a simple condition. This study shows that serum albumin levels may play an important role in the structure of fibrin fibrils, making them more susceptible to the fibrinolytic degradation and elimination from the circulation.
Elementary Physical Education Teachers’ Experiences in Teaching English Language Learners

The purpose of the current study was to describe and explain the views on teaching English Language Learners (ELLs) held by six elementary physical education (PE) teachers in the Midwest region of the United States. Situated in positioning theory, the research approach was descriptive–qualitative. The primary sources of data were face-to-face interviews, and the transcript data were analyzed using NVivo 8 software and constant comparative method. The recurrent themes that emerged from the data were as follows: (a) pedagogical challenges; (b) traumatized; (c) irritations, frustrations, and expectations; and (d) cultural dissonance. These themes reflect the teachers’ positioning that teaching ELLs is difficult and complicated. There is pressing need for PE teacher candidates and practicing teachers to receive professional preparation and development training in implementing culturally and ethnolinguistically relevant pedagogies effectively.
DUTIES OF JUSTICE TO CITIZENS WITH COGNITIVE DISABILITIES

: Many social practices treat citizens with cognitive disabilities differently from their nondisabled peers. Does John Rawls's theory of justice imply that we have different duties of justice to citizens whenever they are labeled with cognitive disabilities? Some theorists have claimed that the needs of the cognitively disabled do not raise issues of justice for Rawls. I claim that it is premature to reject Rawlsian contractualism. Rawlsians should regard all citizens as moral persons provided they have the potential for developing the two moral powers. I claim that every citizen requires specific Enabling Conditions to develop and exercise the two moral powers. Structuring basic social institutions to deny some citizens the Enabling Conditions is unjust because it blocks their developmental pathways toward becoming fully cooperating members of society. Hence, we have a duty of justice to provide citizens labeled with cognitive disabilities with the Enabling Conditions they require until they become fully cooperating members of society.
Burnout in the information technology sector: Does leadership matter?

The aim of the study was to examine subordinates' level of burnout in relation to how they perceive the leadership style of their direct superior. Subordinates (n = 289) in an Information Technology firm completed Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey, and rated their superior on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. High subordinate burnout was defined as high exhaustion, high cynicism, and low professional efficacy. A structural equation model revealed that transformational leadership was significantly related to cynicism and professional efficacy, while passive-avoidance was significantly related to exhaustion and cynicism. Transactional leadership was not linked to burnout. Neuroticism in subordinates was directly related to all burnout components. The link between passive-avoidant leadership and burnout's key component exhaustion indicates perception of negative leadership behaviours is more important for burnout than perception of positive leadership styles.
A Neurofuzzy Algorithm-Based Advanced Bilateral Controller for Telerobot Systems

The advanced bilateral control algorithm, which can enlarge a reflected force by combining force reflection and compliance control, greatly enhances workability in teleoperation. In this scheme the maximum boundaries of a compliance controller and a force reflection gain guaranteeing stability and good task performance greatly depend upon characteristics of a slave arm, a master arm, and an environment. These characteristics, however, are generally unknown in teleoperation. It is, therefore, very difficult to determine such maximum boundary of the gain. The paper presented a novel method for design of an advanced bilateral controller. The factors affecting task performance and stability in the advanced bilateral controller were analyzed and a design guideline was presented. The neurofuzzy compliance model (NFCM)-based bilateral control proposed herein is an algorithm designed to automa tically determine the suitable compliance for a given task or environment. The NFCM, composed of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and a rule -learning mechanism, is used as a compliance controller. The FLC generates compliant motions according to contact forces. The rule-learning mechanism, which is based upon the reinforcement learning algorithm, trains the rule-base of the FLC until the given task is done successfully. Since the scheme allows the use of large force reflection gain, it can assure good task performance. Moreover, the scheme does not require any priori knowledge on a slave arm dynamics, a slave arm controller and an environment, and thus, it can be easily applied to the control of any telerobot systems. Through a series of experiments effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified.