Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redshift-dependent lag—luminosity relation in 565 BATSE gamma-ray bursts

We compared redshifts zY measured from the Yonetoku relation and zlag from the lag–luminosity relation for 565 BATSE gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and were surprised to find that the correlation between these two redshifts is very low. Assuming that the luminosity is a function of both zY and the intrinsic spectral lag τlag, we found a new redshift-dependent lag–luminosity relation L= 7.5 × 1050 erg s−1 (1 +z)2. 53τ−0.282lag with the correlation coefficient of 0.77 and the chance probability of 7.9 × 10−75. Although the spectral lag is computed from two channels of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), our new lag–luminosity relation suggests that a future lag–luminosity relation defined in the Swift data should also depend on the redshift.
Chance, Time Allocation, and The Evolution of Adaptively Flexible Sex Role Behavior1

Abstract An alternative to classic sexual selection hypotheses for sex differentiated pre-mating behavior is that time available for mating—as individuals experience it—along with fitness differences among alternative potential mates, induces choosy versus indiscriminate mating behavior. This alternative hypothesis says that selection has acted so that all individuals flexibly express fitness-enhancing choosy, indiscriminate, and competitive mating behavior, induced by time-varying life histories, environmental and social cues. Key predictions of DYNAMATE, the formal model of adaptively flexible sex role behavior of individuals of both sexes within dynamically changing populations, include: (1) All individuals regardless of sex assess likely fitness outcomes from mating with alternative potential mates before expressing choosy or indiscriminate behavior. (2) Males and females express adaptively flexible, choosy and indiscriminate behavior so that individuals may change their behavior—from moment to moment—to fit dynamically changing circumstances. (3) Indiscriminate behavior of males and (4) choosy behavior of females would often be maladaptive even in species with greater female than male parental investment, when females have longer latencies to receptivity to re-mating than males, and when the relative reproductive rate of males is greater than in females. (5) Whether or not females show choosy behavior will not affect whether or not males exhibit choosy or indiscriminate behavior, and vice versa. (6) When other model parameters are equal, the proportion of individuals of a given sex expressing choosy or indiscriminate mating behavior is a function of the distribution of fitness ratios (a distribution of all fitness differences that would be conferred on an individual by mating with any two sequentially or simultaneously encountered alternative potential mates). (7) Whether same-sex individuals behaviorally compete is a function of the fitness that would be conferred if the strategist won access to a potential mate, but not a function of relative reproductive rate or its proxy, the operational sex ratio. We call for re-evaluation of sex differences in choosy, indiscriminate, and competitive behavior under strong experimental controls that level the ecological playing fields of males and females, i.e., under experimental conditions informing the mechanisms of phenotypic expression. We end with comments on the classic question of questions: why are the sexes as they are?
Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group Working Paper Series Working Paper No . 2013-02 A General Equilibrium Theory of College with Education Subsidies , In-School Labor Supply , and Borrowing Constraints

This paper analyzes the e¤ectiveness of three di¤erent types of education policies: tuition subsidies (broad based, merit based, and at tuition), grant subsidies (broad based and merit based), and loan limit restrictions. We develop a quantitative theory of college within the context of general equilibrium overlapping generations economy. College is modeled as a multi-period risky investment with endogenous enrollment, time-to-degree, and dropout behavior. Tuition costs can be nanced using federal grants, student loans, and working while at college. We show that our model accounts for the main statistics regarding education (enrollment rate, dropout rate, and time to degree) while matching the observed aggregate wage premiums. Our model predicts that broad based tuition subsidies and grants increase college enrollment. However, due to the correlation between ability and nancial resources most of these new students are from the lower end of the ability distribution and eventually dropout or take longer than average to complete college. Merit based education policies counteract this adverse selection problem but at the cost of a muted enrollment response. Our last policy experiment highlights an important interaction between the labor-supply margin and borrowing. A signi cant decrease in enrollment is found to occur only when borrowing constraints are severely tightened and the option to work while in school is removed. This result suggests that previous models that have ignored the students labor supply when analyzing borrowing constraints may be insu¢ cient. Keywords: Student Loans, Education Subsidies, Higher Education J.E. L. classi cation codes: E0, H52, H75, I22, J24 Mark Keightley has bene ted from the hospitality of the Congressional Budget O¢ ce and the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Carlos Garriga is grateful to the nancial support of the National Science Foundation for Grant SES-0649374 and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología through grant SEJ2006-02879. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the Federal Reserve System, National Science Foundation, or the Congressional Budget O¢ ce. yCorresponding author: Mark Keightley, Department of Economics, Florida State University, 271-E Bellamy Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2180. E-mail: mpk03d@garnet.fsu. edu. Tel. : 850-644-8145. Fax: 850-644-4535.
AGE AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

There are many assumptions about emotional intelligence and age. Popular literature and " common sense " asset that older people are more aware, wise, and restrained. Is it true? Existing research indicates a slight relationship between emotional intelligence and age 1. How strong is this effect, and which areas of emotional intelligence are most affected by age? Are older people more self aware, better at self management, and/or do they make more principled decisions? This study finds that some parts of emotional intelligence (EQ) do increase with age, though the effect is slight; in addition there are elements of EQ that do not increase with age indicating some competencies must be developed through training.
Discussion Paper Series Ambiguous Events Massimiliano Amarante

We focus on a class of Multiple Prior Models. Those characterized by nonatomic countably additive priors. Preferences generating such representations have been recently axiomatized in [17]. We argue that this is the proper setting for comparing the notions of unambiguous event given by Epstein and Zhang in [7] and by Ghirardato, Maccheroni and Marinacci in [10]. The two definitions are known to be nonequivalent. Our main result is that an event T is unambiguous in the sense of Epstein and Zhang if and only if either (i) it is unambiguous in the sense of [10]; or (ii) conditional on T , the decision maker is an expected utility maximizer. We also provide an easy operational criterion for establishing whether or not an event is unambiguous in the sense of Epstein and Zhang. JEL Classification Number: D81
Worst-case Optimal Query Answering for Greedy Sets of Existential Rules and Their Subclasses

The need for an ontological layer on top of data, associated with advanced reasoning mechanisms able to exploit the semantics encoded in ontologies, has been acknowledged both in the database and knowledge representation communities. We focus in this paper on the ontological query answering problem, which consists of querying data while taking ontological knowledge into account. More specifically, we establish complexities of the conjunctive query entailment problem for classes of existential rules (also called tuple-generating dependencies, Datalog+/- rules, or forall-exists-rules. Our contribution is twofold. First, we introduce the class of greedy bounded-treewidth sets (gbts) of rules, which covers guarded rules, and their most well-known generalizations. We provide a generic algorithm for query entailment under gbts, which is worst-case optimal for combined complexity with or without bounded predicate arity, as well as for data complexity and query complexity. Secondly, we classify several gbts classes, whose complexity was unknown, with respect to combined complexity (with both unbounded and bounded predicate arity) and data complexity to obtain a comprehensive picture of the complexity of existential rule fragments that are based on diverse guardedness notions. Upper bounds are provided by showing that the proposed algorithm is optimal for all of them.
Levofloxacin-Proliposomes: Opportunities for Use in Lung Tuberculosis

Levofloxacin (LEV) is a relatively new-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has good activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate LEV-proliposomes in a dry powder aerosol form for pulmonary delivery. LEV-proliposomes containing LEV, soybean phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and porous mannitol were prepared by a spray drying technique. The physicochemical properties of LEV-proliposomes were determined using a cascade impactor, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The toxicity of proliposomes to respiratory-associated cell lines and its potential to provoke immunological responses from alveolar macrophages (AMs) were evaluated. Antimycobacterial activity using flow cytometry and an in vivo repeated dose toxicity test in rats were carried out. LEV-proliposomes were successfully prepared with mass median aerodynamic diameters of 4.15–4.44 μm and with fine particle fractions (aerosolized particles of less than 4.4 µm) of 13%–38% at 60 L/min. LEV-proliposomes were less toxic to respiratory-associated cells than LEV, and did not activate AMs to produce inflammatory mediators that included interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against M. bovis of LEV and LEV-proliposomes containing LEV 10% were 1 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The efficacy of LEV-proliposomes against M. bovis was significantly higher than that of free LEV (p < 0.05). The efficacy of the LEV-proliposomes against M. tuberculosis was equal to that of the free LEV (MIC = 0.195 µg/mL). In a repeated dose toxicity study in rats, renal and liver toxicity was not observed. LEV-proliposomes should now be tested as an alternative formulation for delivering LEV to the lower airways.
The European Logarithmic Microprocessor

In 2000 we described a proposal for a logarithmic arithmetic unit, which we suggested would offer a faster, more accurate alternative to floating-point procedures. Would it in fact do so, and could it feasibly be integrated into a microprocessor so that the intended benefits might be realized? Here, we describe the European Logarithmic Microprocessor, a device designed around that unit, and compare its performance with that of a commercial superscalar pipelined floating-point processor. We conclude that the experiment has been successful, and that for 32-bit work, logarithmic arithmetic may now be the technique of choice.
Rule-Based Knowledge Acquisition Method for Promoter Prediction in Human and Drosophila Species

The rapid and reliable identification of promoter regions is important when the number of genomes to be sequenced is increasing very speedily. Various methods have been developed but few methods investigate the effectiveness of sequence-based features in promoter prediction. This study proposes a knowledge acquisition method (named PromHD) based on if-then rules for promoter prediction in human and Drosophila species. PromHD utilizes an effective feature-mining algorithm and a reference feature set of 167 DNA sequence descriptors (DNASDs), comprising three descriptors of physicochemical properties (absorption maxima, molecular weight, and molar absorption coefficient), 128 top-ranked descriptors of 4-mer motifs, and 36 global sequence descriptors. PromHD identifies two feature subsets with 99 and 74 DNASDs and yields test accuracies of 96.4% and 97.5% in human and Drosophila species, respectively. Based on the 99- and 74-dimensional feature vectors, PromHD generates several if-then rules by using the decision tree mechanism for promoter prediction. The top-ranked informative rules with high certainty grades reveal that the global sequence descriptor, the length of nucleotide A at the first position of the sequence, and two physicochemical properties, absorption maxima and molecular weight, are effective in distinguishing promoters from non-promoters in human and Drosophila species, respectively.
A new approach based-on advanced adaptive digital PLL for improving the resolution and accuracy of magnetic encoders

Position sensors using magnetic effects, such as magnetic encoders (MEs), are increasingly used in many industrial applications. These include motor control, electro-mechanical braking systems, and precision measurement systems. The magnetic encoders generally provide a pair of sinusoidal signals dephasing 90deg to each other. Unfortunately, the signals obtained are not ideal, in that they always exist with the DC offsets, different amplitudes, phase-shifts and waveform distortions. These are further compromised by noise and changes in operating conditions. This paper proposes an approach for real-time correcting and tracking ME signals based on the Advanced Adaptive Digital Phase-Locked Loop (AADPLL) technique. AADPLL provides a robust filtering characteristic as well as a wideband of input frequency. It can effectively filter noise and improve the accuracy of ME signals. AADPLL also takes advantage of tracking high-speed input signals without time-lag, unlike traditional filters. A quadrature pulse interpolator is introduced to obtain high resolution. This interpolator uses look-up tables (LUTs) to store pulse-out values in one period of MEs signals. These LUTs are reduced in size for easy implementation in Digital Signal Processor (DSP) hardware platforms. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Linguistic categorization of BLUE in Standard Italian

The chapter aims to establish the status of three salient colour terms for blue: blu, azzurro and celeste, in the standard variety of Italian. A number of experiments were performed to examine the context-free and context-sensitive behaviour of blue terms. The results, consistent with previous studies, reveal that Italian speakers tend to distinguish lighter blue(s) from darker blue in daily speech, regarding them as autonomous categories. Although blu seems to be the most prevalent term, used with high consensus, both azzurro and celeste also tend to be salient high-frequency terms. The choice between azzurro and celeste depends on speakers’ dialectal background. Furthermore, it is conjectured which linguistic and non-linguistic factors tend to bias the linguistic categorization of colour terms in general.
Bimodal Behavior in the Zonal Mean Flow of a Baroclinic β-Channel Model

Abstract The dynamical origin of midlatitude zonal-jet variability is examined in a thermally forced, quasigeostrophic, two-layer channel model on a β plane. The model’s behavior is studied as a function of the bottom-friction strength. Two distinct zonal-flow states exist at realistic, low, and intermediate values of the bottom drag; these two states are maintained by the eddies and differ mainly in terms of the meridional position of their climatological jets. The system’s low-frequency evolution is characterized by irregular transitions between the two states. For a given branch of model solutions, the leading stationary and propagating empirical orthogonal functions are related to eigenmodes of the model’s dynamical operator, linearized about the climatological state on this branch. Nonlinear interactions between these modes are instrumental in determining their relative energy level. In particular, the stationary modes’ self-interaction is shown to vanish. Thus, these modes do not exchange energy wit.
Combined optic-flow and stereo-based navigation of urban canyons for a UAV

We present a novel vision-based technique for navigating an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) through urban canyons. Our technique relies on both optic flow and stereo vision information. We show that the combination of stereo and optic flow (stereo flow) is more effective at navigating urban canyons than either technique alone. Optic flow from a pair of sideways looking cameras is used to stay centered in a canyon and initiate turns at junctions, while stereo vision from a forward facing stereo head is used to avoid obstacles to the front. The technique was tested in full on an autonomous tractor at CSIRO and in part on the USC autonomous helicopter. Experimental results are presented from these two robotic platforms operating in outdoor environments. We show that the autonomous tractor can navigate urban canyons using stereo-flow, and that the autonomous helicopter can turn away from obstacles to the side using optic flow. In addition, preliminary results show that a single pair of forward facing fisheye cameras can be used for both stereo and optic flow. The center portions of the fisheye images are used for stereo, while flow is measured in the periphery of the images.
Challenging the Uniformity Myth in Career Counseling Outcome Studies

This study aimed to challenge the “uniformity myth” in career counseling outcome studies—that is, a tendency toward studying career counseling clients as homogenous, implicitly assuming that the same outcomes would be beneficial to all clients. To this end, we examined the role of clients’ initial career counseling goals. We hypothesized that a client’s career counseling goals would affect (1) which outcomes the client is likely to attain through career counseling and (2) which outcomes he or she would most benefit from (in terms of improved well-being). Hypotheses were tested using data from a three-wave study with Flemish adult career counseling clients. We included six potential career counseling goals and corresponding outcomes: (1) increasing self-awareness, (2) increasing opportunity awareness, (3) making a career decision, (4) finding a new job, (5) improving work–family balance, and (6) improving work relationships. We found that clients were more likely to attain outcomes that matched their initial career counseling goals and less likely to attain other outcomes. In addition, goal attainment (i.e., the attainment of outcomes that match a client’s initial goals)—but not nongoal attainment (i.e., the attainment of outcomes that do not correspond to a client’s initial goals)—related to clients’ subsequent career and life satisfaction. Implications for career counseling research and practice are discussed.
RAPID FITNESS RECOVERY IN MUTATIONALLY DEGRADED LINES OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

Abstract Deleterious mutation accumulation has been implicated in many biological phenomena and as a potentially significant threat to human health and the persistence of small populations. The vast majority of mutations with effects on fitness are known to be deleterious in a given environment, and their accumulation results in mean population fitness decline. However, whether populations are capable of recovering from negative effects of prolonged genetic bottlenecks via beneficial or compensatory mutation accumulation has not previously been tested. To address this question, long-term mutation-accumulation lines of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, previously propagated as single individuals each generation, were maintained in large population sizes under competitive conditions. Fitness assays of these lines and comparison to parallel mutation-accumulation lines and the ancestral control show that, while the process of fitness restoration was incomplete for some lines, full recovery of mean fitness was achieved in fewer than 80 generations. Several lines of evidence indicate that this fitness restoration was at least partially driven by compensatory mutation accumulation rather than a result of a generic form of laboratory adaptation. This surprising result has broad implications for the influence of the mutational process on many issues in evolutionary and conservation biology.
Memristor-based IMPLY logic design procedure

Memristors can be used as logic gates. No design methodology exists, however, for memristor-based combinatorial logic. In this paper, the design and behavior of a memristive-based logic gate - an IMPLY gate - are presented and design issues such as the tradeoff between speed (fast write times) and correct logic behavior are described, as part of an overall design methodology. A memristor model is described for determining the write time and state drift. It is shown that the widely used memristor model - a linear ion drift memristor - is impractical for characterizing an IMPLY logic gate, and a different memristor model is necessary such as a memristor with a current threshold.
Mitigation of Oxidative Damage by Green Tea Polyphenols and Tai Chi Exercise in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia

Background Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease predominantly in postmenopausal women. Green tea polyphenols (GTP) and Tai Chi (TC) have been shown to be beneficial on human bone health. This study examined the efficacy of GTP and TC on mitigation of oxidative damage in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Methods A 6-month randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 171 postmenopausal women with osteopenia, who were recruited from Lubbock County, Texas. These participants were treated with placebo, GTP (500 mg daily), placebo + TC (60-minute group exercise, 3 times/week), or GTP (500 mg daily) + TC (60-minute group exercise, 3 times/week), respectively. Their blood and urine samples were collected at the baseline, 1-, 3- and 6-months during intervention for assessing levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative DNA damage biomarker, and concentrations of serum and urine GTP components. Results The elevated concentrations of serum and urinary GTP components demonstrated a good adherence for the trial. A significant reduction of urinary 8-OHdG concentrations was found in all three treated groups during 3-month (P<0.001) and 6-month (P<0.001) intervention, as compared to the placebo group. The significant time- and dose-effects on mitigation of the oxidative damage biomarker were also found for GTP, TC, and GTP+TC intervened groups. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that GTP and TC interventions were effective strategies of reducing the levels of oxidative stress, a putative mechanism for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, and more importantly, working in an additive manner, which holds the potential as alternative tools to improve bone health in this population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00625391