Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language conflict in translation: An ERP study of translation production

Although most bilinguals can translate with relative ease, the underlying neuro-cognitive processes are poorly understood. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) we investigated the temporal course of word translation. Participants translated words from and to their first (L1, Dutch) and second (L2, English) language while ERPs were recorded. Interlingual homographs (IHs) were included to introduce language conflict. IHs share orthographic form but have different meanings in L1 and L2 (e.g., “room” in Dutch refers to cream). Results showed that the brain distinguished between translation directions as early as 200 ms after word presentation: the P2 amplitudes were more positive in the L1→L2 translation direction. The N400 was also modulated by translation direction, with more negative amplitudes in the L2→L1 translation direction. Furthermore, the IHs were translated more slowly, induced more errors, and elicited more negative N400 amplitudes than control words. In a naming experiment, participants read aloud the same words in L1 or L2 while ERPs were recorded. Results showed no effect of either IHs or language, suggesting that task schemas may be crucially related to language control in translation. Furthermore, translation appears to involve conceptual processing in both translation directions, and the task goal appears to influence how words are processed.
Huge Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis on Back: An Unusual Presentation

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) is a benign dermatosis, histologically characterized by the presence of mature ectopic adipocytes in the dermis. We hereby report a case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with multiple huge swellings on the scapular regions and lower back. The lesions were surmounted by small papules, along with peau-d orange appearance at places. Histology showed features consistent with NLCS. The case is being reported for the unusual clinical presentation.
Levormeloxifene: safety, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in healthy postmenopausal women following single and multiple doses of a new selective oestrogen receptor modulator.

AIMS The safety, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of levormeloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), were investigated in postmenopausal women following single doses and multiple dosing once daily up to 56 days. METHODS The two randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled studies of six single ascending doses and at four multiple dose levels, respectively, included a total of 104 healthy postmenopausal women. Safety assessments comprised vital signs, ECG, haematology, clinical chemistry and reporting of adverse events. The pharmacodynamic properties were investigated after multiple dosing by assessment of the short-term effects on bone and lipid metabolism and on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected at intervals until 648 h (27 days) after single and multiple dosing. RESULTS Levormeloxifene was tolerated well after single doses in the range of 2.5--320 mg and multiple once daily dosing in the range of 20--160 mg. Adverse events reported were generally mild or moderate. The most frequent adverse events after multiple dosing were headache, abdominal pain and leukorrhea with the highest frequency reported after the highest daily dose of 160 mg levormeloxifene. Five weeks of treatment with 20--160 mg levormeloxifene and 8 weeks of treatment with 40 or 80 mg levormeloxifene reduced the biochemical marker of bone turnover, the collagen I C-terminal telopeptide (CrossLaps) by 44.4% [95% CI: 11.3, 65.1] and 35.5% [95% CI: 14.0, 51.6], respectively, without any dose-dependent decrease in the studied dose range. The total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced by 19--25% and 28--35%, respectively, when compared with placebo. HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not affected. An oestrogen-like effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis was observed with approximately 50% reductions of FSH and LH after 8 weeks of treatment. No clinically significant changes of other safety variables were observed. The pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated a rapid absorption (mean tmax: 2--3 h), a slow elimination (mean t1/2: 4.8--8.4 days) and dose linearity of Cmax and AUC for doses up to 160 mg. As expected for a drug with slow elimination given frequently, the relative fluctuation around the steady state plasma concentration was small and the drug accumulation considerable (RA: 3--5). CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of levormeloxifene in postmenopausal women was well-tolerated at doses that elicited a favourable pharmacodynamic response suggesting oestrogen-like bone preserving and antiatherogenic effects. Little variation of peak-trough plasma concentrations was observed during daily administration due to a plasma half-life of approximately 1 week.
Giving Ground: Media and Environmental Conflict in Tasmania

Giving Ground: Media and Environmental Conflict in Tasmania expertly weaves together two major concerns of our time: the shifting roles and responsibilities of news media, and the choices and decisions we make about our environment. Libby Lester, a journalist and media academic, forensically examines the Tasmanian case, as a world flashpoint where for decades clashes over the environment have been unrelenting, complex and hostile.
Best Anthropometric and Atherogenic Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Han Population in Xinjiang: The Cardiovascular Risk Survey

Objective: This study aimed to identify the best predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by comparing the predicting ability of various anthropometric and atherogenic parameters in the Chinese Han population in Xinjiang. Methods: A representative, cross-sectional sample of 5,757 Chinese Han adults were selected from the Cardiovascular Risk Survey conducted from October 2007 to March 2010. MetS prevalence, area under the curve (AUC), distance on the receiver operating characteristic curve and the cut-offs of each variable were compared for the presence of MetS. Results: According to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) and the Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII), 32.1, 48.5, 39.3% of men and 38.0, 45.1, 44.9% of women had MetS in Xinjiang. According to the IDF criteria, the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) had the highest AUC value in men (0.836) and women (0.837), with the optimal cut-off of 0.54 in men and 0.53 in women. According to both the JIS and ATPIII criteria, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol TG/HDL-C had the highest AUC value in men (0.830 and 0.833, respectively) and women (0.832 and 0.827, respectively), with the optimal cut-offs being 1.6 and 1.2 in men and 1.1 and 1.1 in women, respectively. Conclusion: WHtR was the best predictor of MetS according to the IDF criteria while TG/HDL-C was the best predictor of MetS according to the JIS and ATPIII criteria.
Serostatus of Primary Partner Impacts Sexual Behavior Inside and Outside the Relationship

Abstract The present study combines qualitative and quantitative data to describe sexual risk-taking behavior among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) who are in established primary relationships. Individual characteristics and beliefs, and relationship dynamics associated with having an HIV-positive primary partner (e.g., seroconcordant) versus an HIV-negative/unknown primary partner (e.g., discordant) are also discussed. Data are from the Seropositive Urban Men's Study (SUMS), where sexually active HIV-positive MSM participated in a semi-structured interview and a self-administered survey. Comparisons were made between men with HIV-positive primary partners (seroconcordant) and men with HIV-negative/unknown primary partners (serodiscordant). Unprotected anal sex with a primary partner was reported significantly more among men with seroconcordant primary partners than men with serodiscordant primary partners although there is considerable risk among both groups. Men with seroconcordant primary partners were significantly more likely than men with serodiscordant primary partners to have sex outside their relationships; however, there is no evidence to suggest they engaged in more risk. Psychosocial variables suggest men in seroconcordant and serodiscordant relationships have similar relationship and emotional characteristics. Efforts to develop messages that address the unique prevention needs of men in relationships are needed.
Rural Villagers’ Quality of Life Improvement by Economic Self-Reliance Practices and Trust in the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy

The concept of economic self-reliance, widely known by Thai people as the philosophy of sufficiency economy, has been widely promoted in rural Thai societies. By practicing this philosophy, it is expected that the citizens’ quality of life and local environments could be sustainably improved. This study aims to explore the contribution of the community practices of the sufficiency economy philosophy to rural villagers’ quality of life improvement, and to investigate potential factors that determine the trust of villagers in the philosophy. With the purpose to propose strategies which could enhance trust and promote villagers’ practices of the philosophy, the study investigated influences of three relevant factors on trust towards the philosophy. Those factors included factors related to cognitive-based trust, factors related to emotional-based trust, and factors related to demographic characteristics. Questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with community leaders and local villagers were conducted in the Ban Jamrung community, in Thailand’s Rayong Province. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that the residents who applied the sufficiency economy philosophy in their daily lives experienced a relatively better quality of life. Additionally, it was found that trust in the philosophy could be predicted more by rational factors than by emotional factors. These findings could be utilized to develop strategies to maintain and enhance the trust of the people in the philosophy of sufficiency economy.
Control of mitochondrial biogenesis and function by the ubiquitin–proteasome system

Mitochondria are pivotal organelles in eukaryotic cells. The complex proteome of mitochondria comprises proteins that are encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The biogenesis of mitochondrial proteins requires their transport in an unfolded state with a high risk of misfolding. The mislocalization of mitochondrial proteins is deleterious to the cell. The electron transport chain in mitochondria is a source of reactive oxygen species that damage proteins. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to many pathological conditions and, together with the loss of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis), are hallmarks of ageing and ageing-related degeneration diseases. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, has been associated with mitochondrial and proteostasis failure. Thus, mitochondrial proteins require sophisticated surveillance mechanisms. Although mitochondria form a proteasome-exclusive compartment, multiple lines of evidence indicate a crucial role for the cytosolic ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) in the quality control of mitochondrial proteins. The proteasome affects mitochondrial proteins at stages of their biogenesis and maturity. The effects of the UPS go beyond the removal of damaged proteins and include the adjustment of mitochondrial proteome composition, the regulation of organelle dynamics and the protection of cellular homeostasis against mitochondrial failure. In turn, mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial dysfunction adjust the activity of the UPS, with implications at the cellular level.
Behavioral Competence and Emotional Well-Being of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

We examined whether older individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) differed from healthy controls (HC) and persons with dementia (AD) in objective and perceived behavioral competence as well as in emotional well-being. We used a merged sample of 257 older adults aged 59 to 91 years (M = 72.9; SD = 6.4) stemming from Israel and Germany. Objective behavioral competence (assessed based on global positioning system (GPS)-based tracking data and a structured questionnaire) of MCI individuals was mostly similar to the HC group. Regarding perceived behavioral competence and emotional well-being, MCI individuals were more similar to the AD group and below the HC group’s mean levels. Findings suggest that a differentiated view of MCI individual’s competence and emotional well-being is in place.
Impact of Network Structure and Cellular Response on Spike Time Correlations

Novel experimental techniques reveal the simultaneous activity of larger and larger numbers of neurons. As a result there is increasing interest in the structure of cooperative – or correlated – activity in neural populations, and in the possible impact of such correlations on the neural code. A fundamental theoretical challenge is to understand how the architecture of network connectivity along with the dynamical properties of single cells shape the magnitude and timescale of correlations. We provide a general approach to this problem by extending prior techniques based on linear response theory. We consider networks of general integrate-and-fire cells with arbitrary architecture, and provide explicit expressions for the approximate cross-correlation between constituent cells. These correlations depend strongly on the operating point (input mean and variance) of the neurons, even when connectivity is fixed. Moreover, the approximations admit an expansion in powers of the matrices that describe the network architecture. This expansion can be readily interpreted in terms of paths between different cells. We apply our results to large excitatory-inhibitory networks, and demonstrate first how precise balance – or lack thereof – between the strengths and timescales of excitatory and inhibitory synapses is reflected in the overall correlation structure of the network. We then derive explicit expressions for the average correlation structure in randomly connected networks. These expressions help to identify the important factors that shape coordinated neural activity in such networks.
Proceedings of the 1st workshop on aspect reverse-engineering

This technical report contains the papers submitted to and presented at the 1st Workshop on Aspect Reverse-Engineering, held in conjunction with the 11th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE), in Delft, The Netherlands. The aims of this workshop was to bring together researchers and practitioners within the field of aspect reverse engineering, to review the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice and to identify a list of interesting open issues that remain to be studied. The workshop was organised as a structured discussion, based on interesting and relevant topics extracted from position papers.
Vibrotactile–Auditory Interactions are Post-Perceptual

Vibrotactile stimuli can elicit compelling auditory sensations, even when sound energy levels are minimal and undetectable. It has previously been shown that subjects judge auditory tones embedded in white noise to be louder when they are accompanied by a vibrotactile stimulus of the same frequency. A first experiment replicated this result at four different levels of auditory stimulation (no tone, tone at detection threshold, tone at 5 dB above threshold, and tone at 10 dB above threshold). The presence of a vibrotactile stimulus induced an increase in the perceived loudness of auditory tones at three of the four values in this range. In two further experiments, a 2-interval forced-choice procedure was used to assess the nature of this crossmodal interaction. Subjects were biased when vibrotaction was applied in one interval, but applying vibrotaction in both intervals produced performance comparable to conditions without vibrotactile stimuli. This demonstrates that vibrotaction is sometimes ignored when judging the presence of an auditory tone. Hence the interaction between vibrotaction and audition does not appear to occur at an early perceptual level.
Women with acute coronary syndrome are less invasively examined and subsequently less treated than men.

AIMS To investigate if gender bias is present in today's setting of an early invasive strategy for patients with acute coronary syndrome in Denmark (population 5 million). METHODS AND RESULTS We identified all patients admitted to Danish hospitals with acute coronary syndrome in 2005-07 (9561 women and 16 406 men). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the gender differences in coronary angiography (CAG) rate and subsequent revascularization rate within 60 days of admission. Significantly less women received CAG (cumulative incidence 64% for women vs. 78% for men, P < 0.05), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.68 (95% CI 0.65-0.70, P < 0.0001) compared with men. The difference was narrowed after adjustment for age and comorbidity, but still highly significant (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.80-0.85, P < 0.0001). Revascularization after CAG was less likely in women with an HR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.66-0.71, P < 0.0001) compared with men. More women (22%) than men (10%) (P < 0.0001) had no significant stenosis on their coronary angiogram. However, after adjustment for the number of significant stenoses, age, and comorbidity women were still less likely to be revascularized (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.95, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Women with ACS are approached in a much less aggressively invasive way and receive less interventional treatment than men even after adjusting for differences in comorbidity and number of significant stenoses.
How caregiving affects development : psychological implications for child, adolescent, and adult caregivers

As recent advances in medicine contribute to people living longer and living with chronic illness in the home, the role of the family caregiver has become more common. Furthermore, due to varying family structures and living situations it is not always the parent or adult child who takes on the caregiver role. The traditional role of the adult caregiver increasingly falls on the shoulders of children, adolescents, and emerging adults. Also, in cases where parents are unable to take care of their children, grandparents take on the role of adult caregiver for their grandchildren. A caregiving role at any point in life may affect a person's development and add stressors, but also may create rewards that influence the caregiver's identity and well-being. "How Caregiving Affects Development: Psychological Implications for Child, Adolescent, and Adult Caregivers" examines these effects using a lifespan development framework. Each chapter presents theory and empirical research on caregiving from a different phase in the lifespan including childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young, middle, and older adulthood. Within the context of the caregiver's life the chapter authors examine how the role of caregiver affects their development.The topics include the effects of early caregiving on well-being, school performance, filial responsibility, felt obligation, coping with stresses of multiple roles in middle adulthood, and intergenerational reciprocity. Challenges and rewards specific to each stage in life are examined, and some chapters also provide a comparison with the experiences of noncaregiving peers.This book offers a new and exciting look at often overlooked family caregivers and introduces a set of challenging questions that will guide future research in the field.
The Dimensional Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Adapted for Children (SPQ-C-D): An Evaluation in the Dutch Population and a Comparison to Adult Populations

The increasing interest in dimensional approaches towards schizophrenia spectrum pathology calls for instruments that can be used to study developmental markers conveying risk for psychopathology prior to onset of the disorder. In this study we evaluated the Dutch child version (SPQ-C-D) of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) developed by Raine, in terms of reliability and factorial structure in comparison to SPQ data from two studies with adults. The 74-item SPQ-C-D was completed by 219 children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years. Internal consistency was assessed and the factorial structure was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed that most of the subscales had high Cronbach’s alphas, indicating good internal consistency. PCA resulted in three components, similar to the adult studies: Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, and Disorganization. The pattern of individual subscales loading on each of the components was identical to the original Raine study, except for one additional subscale loading on the Disorganization component. In addition, forcing Raine’s factorial structure on our data with confirmatory factor analysis resulted in an overall adequate model fit. In conclusion, the SPQ-C-D appears to be a suitable dimensional measure of schizotypal traits in populations aged 9 to 18 years.
Impact of SORL1 genetic variations on MRI markers in non-demented elders

The sorting protein-related receptor 1 (SORL1 or LR11) gene has been verified to play an important role in the pathologic process of β-amyloid (Aβ) formation and trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by plenty of cytological and molecular biological studies. But there were few studies investigated the association of SORL1 gene and neurodegeneration features from a rather macroscopic perspective. In the present study, we explored the effect of SORL1 genotypes on AD-related brain atrophy. We recruited 812 individuals with both baseline and two-year follow-up information from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database and applied multiple linear regression models to examine the association between eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and neuroimaging phenotypes. Finally, four SNPs (rs11219350, rs2298813, rs3781836, rs3824968) showed trend of association with the volume of hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus but failed to survive the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Only rs1784933 and rs753780 showed significant association with right parahippocampal gyrus. According to our findings, SORL1 variations influence the atrophy of specific AD-related brain structures, which suggested the potential role of SORL1 in the neurodegeneration of cognitive related regions.
Death Orientation in the Suicide Intervention Worker

In light of the apparently important contribution of a counselor's personal characteristics to his/her clinical effectiveness, an examination of the death concerns of suicide intervention workers was undertaken. Results suggest that, relative to controls, crisis workers have consistently higher apprehension about their own mortality, but do not differ from controls in their degree of concern about the deaths of others. The significance of these findings for the selection and training of suicide counselors is noted, and the nature of current measures of death concern is briefly discussed.