Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Estimation of Heath-Jarrow-Morton Models

Research on the Heath-Jarrow-Morton (1992) term structure models so far has focused on the class having time-deterministic instantaneous forward rate volatility. In this case the forward rate is Markovian, even if the spot rate process is not. However, this Markovian feature can only be used under the historical measure, involving two unsatisfactory assumptions: one on market price risk, usually made for pure mathematical tractability, the other to use futures yields as a proxy for the instantaneous forward rate, which may result in estimation bias. This paper circumvents both of these assumptions. First, the bias is quantified and shown to be non-negligible. Then futures contracts are treated as derivative instruments written on forward rates to derive the full information maximum likelihood estimator for observable futures prices, using both time series and cross-sectional data, without the need to assume and estimate any functional forms for the market price of interest rate risk. The derivation involves the likelihood transformation method of Duan (1994). The method is then applied to the estimation of a humped forward rate volatility model for Eurodollar futures series traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Understanding the link between maternal adult attachment classifications and thoughts and feelings about emotions

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between maternal representations of attachment, as assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996), and mothers' thoughts and feelings about their own emotions and emotions emerging in their toddlers. Eighty-nine adolescent mothers completed the AAI and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) and Katz, Gottman, Shapiro, and Carrere's (1997) meta-emotion interview for parents of toddlers. Autonomous mothers demonstrated the most open and flexible mindset around a variety of emotions in themselves and their toddlers. Dismissing mothers exhibited a tendency to minimize internalizing emotions in themselves and their children, while unresolved mothers described the most emotion regulatory difficulties.
The effects of social support and transformational leadership on expatriate adjustment and performance: The moderating roles of socialization experience and cultural intelligence

Purpose – This study aims to examine the significance of transformational leadership and social support for expatriate adjustment and performance. This study also extends relevant literature on expatriate management to examine the relationships among transformational leadership, social support, expatriate adjustment, and expatriate performance through a mechanism taking into account the moderating roles of cultural intelligence and socialization experience.Design/methodology/approach – The sample was collected from 156 expatriate managers of Taiwanese multinational company (MNC) subsidiaries operating in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS 21 and hierarchical regression in SPSS 19 were used to test eight research hypotheses.Findings – The SEM results indicated that transformational leadership and social support make significant contributions to expatriate adjustment and performance. The moderating roles of socialization experience and cultural intelligence were also confirmed in this study.O.
Stress and Policing: Sources and Strategies

A critical assessment of available evidence on police stress featuring a detailed discussion of stress experiences of women, homosexual and ethnic minority officers. Examines the role of routine stressors and highlights stress problems associated with major trauma incidents. Documents treatment for post traumatic stress disorder and pinpoints risk factors. Includes a review of the latest research in Britain, North America and Australia.
The Limbic-Prefrontal Network Modulated by Electroacupuncture at CV4 and CV12

fMRI studies showed that acupuncture could induce hemodynamic changes in brain networks. Many of these studies focused on whether specific acupoints could activate specific brain regions and were often limited to manual acupuncture at acupoints on the limbs. In this fMRI study, we investigated acupuncture's modulation effects on brain functional networks by electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoints on the midline of abdomen. Acupoints Guanyuan (CV4) and Zhongwan (CV12) were stimulated in 21 healthy volunteers. The needling sensations, brain activation, and functional connectivity were studied. We found that the limbic-prefrontal functional network was deactivated by EA at CV4 and CV12. More importantly, the local functional connectivity was significantly changed during EA stimulation, and the change persisted during the period after the stimulation. Although minor differences existed, both acupoints similarly modulated the limbic-prefrontal functional network, which is overlapped with the functional circuits associated with emotional and cognitive regulation.
On Reconciling Single and Recurrent Hitchhiking Models

A major focus of modern population genetics involves using polymorphism data in order to identify regions impacted by recent positive selection (so-called genomic scans). Recently, methodology has been proposed not to identify individual loci, but rather to quantify genomic recurrent hitchhiking (RHH) parameters using this same type of polymorphism data. I here examine to what extent genomic scans for adaptively important loci may be informed by recently estimated RHH parameters (and vice versa). I find that published results are largely incompatible with one another, with approximately an order of magnitude more sweeps being empirically identified than would be predicted under RHH estimates. Results demonstrate that making this connection between SHH and RHH models is crucial for a more complete and accurate characterization of adaptive evolution.
Organizational Climate, Job Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The purpose of present research is to identifyrelationship between organizational climate with job motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior at the Bu-Ali Sina university. The research method is descriptive- correlation. Statistical population included all staff (non-faculty employees) comprised of 750 people, and the sample size of 250 subjects was determined based on the cochran formula. The sampling method used is proportional stratified random sampling. Data collected were used from two questionnaires with thses items: organizational climate questionnaire of sasman and diep, organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire of graham, and job motivation questionnaire of lodahl and kejnar. For appointment of questionnaires, validity of the method, content-related validity, and to assess scale the reliability of the questionnaires, cronbach'salpha coefficient was used. Reliability coefficient was calculated for the questionnaires. It was estimated to be 0.77, 0.90 and 0.77 respectively. Results of the level of organizational climate, job motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior was above the average level. Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between organizational climate and job motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the components of organizational climate, factors of reward satisfactionand role clearness and agreement are most effective in predicting job motivation, and the factor of aim clearness and agreement has the highest impact prediction of organizational citizenship behavior
Lecture classes in human anatomy: the students' perceptions.

INTRODUCTION The human anatomy, or in brief, the body structure has fascinated man for ages. Due to the information explosion and the increase in specializations, this knowledge is available in a very sketchy manner in high school biology courses. The first comprehensive course on the human anatomy is taught to the first year medical students in medical colleges. This is in keeping with the regulations of the Medical Council of India. The anatomy lecture classes occupy a considerable time of the course, to provide the students with an effective knowledge of the gross anatomy, histology, embryology and the clinical anatomy. On the other hand, the students' feedback regarding the lecture methods and the teaching environment is crucial in judging the efficacy of the present curriculum. OBJECTIVE To obtain the students' feedback about the environment of the lecture classes, as regards the venue, the teaching and learning aids which are used, the lecture class schedule of the university (the number of classes per week, the durations of the lecture classes, etc.) and the existing departmental practices (display of the class routine in advance, synchronization between the lecture and the practical classes), so that their suggestions could help the faculty in planning the most effective teaching procedures. METHODS A semi structured questionnaire was supplied to the students to get their feedback. RESULT Most of the students found the air conditioned seminar room's environment to be more comfortable and they supported the existing durations of the lecture hours with the combined use of chalk and a board and overhead projectors (OHPs). CONCLUSION The perceptions of the learners helped in modifying the departmental practice in the desired way.
Density dependence of the optical absorption of an interacting many-polaron gas

The optical absorption of a many (continuum) polaron gas is derived in the framework of a variational approach at zero temperature and weak electron-phonon coupling strength. We derive a compact formula for the optical conductivity of the many-polaron system, taking into account many-body effects in the electron or hole system. Within the method presented here, these effects are contained completely in the dynamical structure factor of the electron or hole system. This allows one to build on well-established studies of the interacting electron gas. Based on this approach a feature in the absorption spectrum of the many-polaron gas, related to the emission of a plasmon together with a phonon, is identified. As an application and illustration of the technique, we compare the theoretical many-polaron optical absorption spectrum as derived in the present work with the $``d$-band'' absorption feature in ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}} (\ensuremath{\delta}l0.004). $ Similarities are shown between the theoretically and the experimentally derived first frequency moment of the optical absorption of a family of differently doped ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ materials.
Influence of salinity variations on the embryonic and early larval development of long-spined black sea urchin (Diadema Setosum)

Effects of salinity on fertilization, embryonic, and early larval development and growth performances of long-spined black sea urchin (Diademasetosum) were investigated in a controlled laboratory condition. The experiment was carried out with seven salinity treatments (22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37 and 40ppt), each of which was triplicated. Significantly highest fertilization success was achieved at 31 ppt (97.33%), followed by those at 34, 37, 28, 25 and 40 ppt, and the lowest value at 22 ppt, decreased with increasing and decreasing salinities (P 0.05) were recognized among these four salinity levels on prism larval length and width. However, significant differences (P> 0.05) were noted in morphometric characteristics of 2-arm and 4-arm pluteus larvae. The finding of the study indicated that D.setosum is a stenohaline echinoid that could not be able to survive and develop if the salinity range is less than28 or more than 37 ppt.
The Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership to Subordinates' Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment Affect to Team Effectiveness

This study focus on transformational and transactional leadership style of the leaders in the thirteen autonomous universities in Thailand. According to the government policy, all public universities in Thailand must become autonomous management by itself support all activities. Therefore, the leaders are important person who responsible for success or failure of organization. They should be changing their style of working to respond to organizational environment for survival and growth. The purpose of study is to explore the effect of transformational and transactional leadership behavior of leader to subordinates job satisfaction, organizational commitment that affect to team effectiveness. The result showed the relationship between dependent and independent variables characteristic, direct and indirect affect of transformational and transactional leadership cs to subordinate’s job satisfaction, organizational commitment that impact to team effectiveness. The full range leadership models of transformational and transactional leadership style had been used as a theoretical framework of study. The MLQ-5X questionnaire was used to measure the characteristics of the two groups level namely, organization and subordinates level. The statistical technique consist of structural equation model (SEM) by software AMOS version 8 were used. multi-level analyses of structural equation model of individual and organization level were investigated. The result of individual level found that subordinates’ job satisfaction had higher direct effects from transactional leadership than transformational leadership. All variables had significant positive effects to team effectiveness. Subordinates’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment found high significant relationship affect to team effectiveness. Organizational commitment had higher direct effects from transactional than transformational leadership. For implementation, in organization level found different result from individual level. Transformational leadership found higher significant relationship to subordinate’s job satisfaction and lower relationship to organizational commitment than individual level. Transformational leadership had direct effect and high relationship to team effectiveness. Transactional leadership found lower effect and less relationship to team effectiveness than transformational leadership.
Interactions in fluorescent-magnetic heterodimer nanocomposites

A new bifunctional nanocomposite, consisting of CdTe quantum dots complexed with FeP nanoparticles, was synthesized using a one-pot, high temperature precursor decomposition method. Nanocomposites formed consisted of heterofunctional, dumbbell shaped particles, which exhibited supplementary and altered properties from those of constituent particles. For example, an additional peak was observed in the PL spectra, whose intensity was directly related to the ratio of FeP:CdTe. Also, the magnetic behavior of the particles altered from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic upon conjugation to CdTe. These results indicate that interactions between monomers in multifunctional particles can occur, which might result from the formation of a composite ‘doped’ phase at the interface of the individual particles. These interactions may lead to additional properties that could be exploited to increase the utility of the resultant particles.
Lung cancer, tobacco, and environmental factors in the African population of the Northern Province, South Africa

DESIGN Case-control study among incident African patients with cancer. Questionnaire assessment of exposure to tobacco, occupation, and place of birth. SETTING Northern Province, South Africa. SUBJECTS Between 1993 and 1995, 288 men and 60 women with lung cancer and 183 male and 197 female controls (consisting of patients newly diagnosed with cancers other than those known to be associated with smoking) were interviewed. Unmatched, unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of developing lung cancer in relation to a number of variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of developing lung cancer related to exposure to tobacco, indoor pollution, dusty work environment, and residential exposure to asbestos. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the risk of developing lung cancer through smoking. In men, the ORs were 2.2 (95% CI = 1.0 to 4.6) in ex-smokers, 9.8 (95% CI = 5.9 to 16.4) in light smokers (0–14 g/day), and 12.0 (95% CI = 6.5 to 22.3) in heavy smokers. In women, the ORs were 5.8 (95% CI = 1.3 to 25.8) in ex-smokers and 5.5 (95% CI = 2.6 to 11.3) in current smokers. Work in a dusty industry showed an elevated risk (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.8 to 5.8) for lung cancer only in men. Male residents of areas where asbestos was shipped for distribution (termed moderately polluted asbestos areas) had a 2.5-fold increase (95% CI = 1.0 to 4.4) in the risk (OR) of developing lung cancer, and residents of areas where asbestos was mined (termed heavily polluted asbestos areas) had a 2.8-fold increase in risk (95% CI = 0.7 to 10.4). Female residents of heavily polluted asbestos areas showed elevated risks of 5.4 (95% CI = 1.3 to 22.5) of developing lung cancer. CONCLUSION The data suggest that tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for the development of lung cancer in this setting. Risks for lung cancer are reminiscent of those observed in Western countries in the 1960s and 1970s. However, environmental exposure to asbestos, a dusty occupation (in men), and perhaps indoor air pollution may also contribute to the development of lung cancer in this province.
Face sketch synthesis and recognition

We propose a novel face photo retrieval system using sketch drawings. By transforming a photo image into a sketch, we reduce the difference between photo and sketch significantly, thus allow effective matching between the two. To improve the synthesis performance, we separate shape and texture information in a face photo, and conduct transformation on them respectively. Finally a Bayesian classifier is used to recognize the probing sketch from the synthesized pseudo-sketches. Experiments on a data set containing 606 people clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm.
The flipped classroom in further education: literature review and case study

The flipped classroom seeks to remove didactic instruction from the classroom and deliver it via electronic videos outside of the classroom, leaving contact time free for more interactive and engaging teaching and learning activities. This paper has two distinct aims: (1) to conduct a literature review of published UK-based ‘flipped classroom’ studies and (2) to contribute to this field of study. The paper will show that there have been many published scholarly pieces on the flipped classroom in countries such as the USA, detailing flipped studies in both compulsory schooling and higher education. However, at the time of writing there have been no published papers concerning an implementation of the flipped classroom in the UK further education sector. In order to contribute to this gap in the field, the findings from a small-scale flipped classroom project based in a further education college will be presented and discussed. The study was conducted in the 2012/13 academic year whilst the author was undertaking initial teacher training. This case study yielded significant benefits to learners through adopting this approach. In addition to charting the effects of a flipped classroom upon attainment and engagement, the paper will discuss the often under-represented staff experience of flipping the classroom.
Th1/Th17 immune response is induced by mesenteric lymph node dendritic cells in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Dendritic cells (DCs) possess the most potent ability to induce acquired immunity. However, their involvement in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) has not yet been determined. We aimed to establish the immune status of mesenteric lymph nodes, the major gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and isolated DCs and determine their involvement in the pathogenesis of CD. METHODS CD4(+) T cells and DCs were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of CD, ulcerative colitis, and normal control. The immune status of CD4(+) T cells was analyzed by cytokine production and transcriptional profile. Surface phenotype of DCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine production by myeloid DCs was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and exogenous bacterial stimulation. Immune stimulating activity of DCs was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction. RESULTS In CD, mesenteric lymph node CD4(+) T cells produced higher amounts of interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-17 compared with ulcerative colitis and normal control, and this was dictated by increased T-bet and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gamma expression. Three subtypes of DCs, myeloid DC, plasmacytoid DC, and mature DC, were identified in all groups. When stimulated with exogenous bacterial derivative, myeloid DCs from CD produced a higher amount of IL-23 and a lower amount of IL-10. Myeloid DCs from CD induced stronger T helper cell (Th)1 immune response in mixed lymphocyte reaction compared with those from ulcerative colitis and normal control. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that mesenteric lymph node is the key pathogenic location of CD elicited by the unique cytokine milieu produced by DCs leading to a dysregulated Th1/Th17 immune response.
Cell-specific expression and immunolocalization of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and the related nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature rats

ObjectiveThe present study is designed to investigate the cellular expressions and immunolocalizations of three different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the related nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature rats.MethodsThe ovaries were obtained from ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) female Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 1, 5, 7, 10, and 19. Then we carried out the histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, measurement of NOS activity, and modifications within the NO/cGMP pathway.ResultsDuring postnatal days 1, 5, 7, 10, and 19, all three isoforms of NOS were mainly localized to the oocytes and expressed as a gradual increase in granulosa cells and theca cells within the growing follicle. The ovarian total NOS activities and NO levels were increased at postnatal days 7 and 10 compared with other days.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the locally produced NO and the NO/NOS signaling systems are involved in the follicular development to puberty.
An introduction to the logic of psychological measurement

Contents: Preface. Part I: Theory. Section I: Some History. Making the Myth of Mental Measurement. Section II: And Philosophy. The Theory of Measurement in Psychology. What Quantity and Measurement Really Are. Searching for Quantity. Part II: Applications. Thurstone's Theory of Comparative Judgment. The Theory of Multidimensional Scaling. Coombs' Theory of Unfolding. Prospects for the Development of Psychological Measurement. Appendix 1: The Theory of Order.