Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure Spatial Modulation With a Full-Duplex Receiver

We propose and investigate a full-duplex receiver assisted secure spatial modulation (FDR-SSM) scheme, whose security is enhanced by the jamming sent from a full-duplexing legal receiver. In our FDR-SSM system, jamming signals are designed to allow the legal receiver free from self-interference, while imposing time-varying interference on the passive eavesdropper. Therefore, the FDR-SSM scheme can maintain all the advantages of spatial modulation. In this letter, the secrecy performance of the FDR-SSM system is analyzed via analyzing its ergodic secrecy rate (ESR). Furthermore, the asymptotic ESR is analyzed, when assuming that the number of transmit antennas at the legal receiver approaches infinite. Finally, performance results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the FDR-SSM scheme, and to verify the analytical expressions.
Interactive local tone mapping operator with the support of graphics hardware

The flexibility of current graphics hardware is still not enough to ensure the full implementation of an original complex algorithm such as a local tone mapping operator, which maintains the same quality performances as its original CPU implementation. Significant changes are often needed to the original CPU implementation in order to overcome many of the limitations of the current graphics hardware. As a result of this we often have reduced quality reproduction, and the frame rate of the GPU implementation is not always acceptable for real-time applications. In this paper, we show how to change the CPU implementation of a state of the art local tone mapping operator for accelerating the computation process to real time frame rates. We also present a modification of the luminance local adaptation computation, showing a simple but not yet exploited property of the Gaussian filter, allowing us to maintain the same quality appearance of the original tone mapping operator. Finally we test the hardware implementation on NVIDIA graphics cards on several images and as well as a video. We compare our hardware implementation with the corresponding CPU implementation and previous work.
Receptive-field organization of monkey superior colliculus.

A NUMBER OF recent studies suggest that the mammalian superior colliculus plays a crucial role in visually guided behavior (33, 35). Ablation experiments indicate that lesions in the hamster superior colliculus can cause severe deficits in orienting to visual and auditory stimuli while leaving intact the ability to discriminate pat serns in situ . ations in whi ch no orienting component is necessary for the successful performance of the discrimination (32). Related to this view is the idea that the colliculus plays an important role in the control of eye and head movements. After unilateral colliculectomy in the monkey, Denny-Brown (6) reports a fascinating cluster of eye-movement deficits. While the animal could look to either side or up and down, there was a slight divergent strabismus, and the optokinetic response was present only when the stripes entered the visual field from the operated side. Though the monkey could reach accurately for an object in the visual field contralateral to the lesion, he could not fixate the object, but only looked in its general direction. After bilateral colliculus lesions, monkeys showed fixed gaze, lack of reactivity to visual stimuli; lack of vocalization, and a variety of other deficits which led Denny-Brown to describe this structure as the “pattern setter of the nervous system. ” Though other workers have failed to confirm the oculomotor deficits reported in this study (2, 28), recent work usi *g more sophisticated methods for head immobilization and eyemovement recording has confirmed and extended many of Denny-Brown’s original observations (M. Stryker, P. H. Schiller, and F. Koerner, unpublished observations). It
Extracting Simpliﬁed Statements for Factual Question Generation

We address the problem of automatically generating concise factual questions from linguistically complex sentences in reading materials. We discuss semantic and pragmatic issues that appear in complex sentences, and then we present an algorithm for extracting simpli-ﬁed sentences from appositives, subordinate clauses, and other constructions. We conjecture that our method is useful as a preliminary step in a larger question generation process. Experimental results indicate that our method is more suitable for factual question generation applications than an alternative text compression algorithm.
Sonic Hedgehog Induces Arteriogenesis in Diabetic Vasa Nervorum and Restores Function in Diabetic Neuropathy

Objective—The embryonic morphogen sonic hedgehog (SHh) has been shown to induce neovascularization of ischemic tissue but has not been shown to play a role in regulating vascular nerve supply. Accordingly, we investigated the hypothesis that systemic injection of SHh protein could improve nerve blood flow and function in diabetic neuropathy (DN). Methods and Results—Twelve weeks after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MCV and SCV) of the sciatic nerves were significantly reduced in diabetic rats. SHh-treated diabetic rats demonstrated marked improvement of both MCV and SCV (P<0.05). Laser Doppler perfusion imaging showed that nerve blood flow was significantly reduced in the diabetic rats but was restored in SHh-treated diabetic rats (P<0.05 versus diabetic saline-treated rats) to levels similar to those achieved with vascular endothelial growth factor-2 (VEGF-2) gene therapy. In vivo perfusion of Bandeuraea simplicifolia (BS)-1 lectin showed marked reduction in the vasa nervora in diabetic sciatic nerves but restoration of nerve vasculature to nondiabetic levels in the SHh-treated and plasmid DNA encoding human VEGF-2 (phVEGF-2)–treated diabetic nerves. Interestingly, the SHh-induced vasculature was characterized by larger diameter and more smooth muscle cell-containing vessels, compared with VEGF-2 gene-treated diabetic rats. Conclusions—These data indicate that Shh induces arteriogenesis and restores nerve function in DN.
Responses in Mouse Liver Reduces Adenovirus-Mediated Inflammatory Established Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Murine IL-10 Gene Transfer Inhibits

The effects of homologous IL-10 administration during an established autoimmune disease are controversial, given its reported immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive properties. Studies of collagen-induced arthritis have shown efﬁcacy with repeated administrations of IL-10; however, when the EBV IL-10 homologue was administered via adenovirus gene transfer technology the results were equivocal. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of prolonged homologous IL-10 administration via adenovirus-mediated gene delivery on the progression of established arthritis. Collagen type II (CII)-immu-nized mice received i.v. injections of 10 7 or 10 8 PFU of an E1-deleted adenoviral vector containing the murine IL-10 gene (AdIL-10), after arthritis onset. Mice were monitored for 3 wk for disease progression, and gene transduction was assessed by quantiﬁcation of serum mIL-10. CII-speciﬁc cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were analyzed by lymph node cell proliferation, cytokine production, and anti-CII Ab responses. Furthermore, because adenoviral vectors have been reported to induce organ dysfunction due to cell-mediated immune responses to the viral Ags, we have also evaluated delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and reactive hepatitis to the systemically delivered adenovirus and whether the IL-10 produced could inﬂuence those responses. Sustained suppression of autoimmune arthritis and elevated serum levels of IL-10 were achieved in our study. AdIL-10 treatment reduced cell-mediated immune reactivity, but did not affect humoral responses. Furthermore, IL-10 was able to reduce, but not totally abrogate, adenovirus-induced hepatic inﬂammation. These ﬁndings provide further insights into the diverse interplay of immune processes involved in autoimmune inﬂammation
Impact of Hospital Admission During Nonworking Hours on Patient Outcomes After Thrombolysis for Stroke

Background and Purpose— Whether the time of hospital admission is relevant for short-term outcome after stroke is under debate and may depend on care facilities. Methods— We retrospectively analyzed medical records from patients who received thrombolytic therapy within 4.5 hours of stroke onset in a stroke unit of the Charité–University Hospital Berlin (Charité; n=291) or within the stroke telemedicine (TEMPiS) network, comprising 12 community hospitals with telestroke units in Bavaria (n=616). Results— Thrombolytic therapy was administered during nonworking hours in 59.5% (Charité) and 55.0% (TEMPiS) of patients. A trend toward a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (3.4% versus 9.2%; P=0.053), clinical worsening (11.9% versus 19.7%; P=0.079), and 7-day mortality (3.4% versus 8.7%; P=0.073) after admission during working hours was seen at Charité. However, multivariable analysis did not show a significant impact of the time of admission on clinical worsening, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, or 7-day mortality in both cohorts. Thrombolysis based on brain computed tomography instead of magnetic resonance imaging (odds ratio=4.98, 95% CI, 1.09 to 22.7) and more severe National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission (odds ratio=1.15 per point; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.24) were associated with 7-day mortality at Charité. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission (odds ratio=1.13 per point; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.19) and older age (odds ratio=1.05 per year; 95% CI, 1.004 to 1.09) were correlated with 7-day mortality in TEMPiS. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission was the only independent predictor of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or clinical worsening in both cohorts. Conclusions— The majority of stroke patients received thrombolysis during nonworking hours. The time of hospital admission did not significantly influence the short-term outcome after thrombolysis.
Simultaneous assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction during pacing-induced ischemia.

Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction have been described during pacing-induced ischemia, but the temporal sequence of systolic and diastolic impairment has not been established. Accordingly, 22 patients with coronary artery disease were paced at increasing heart rates and studied with simultaneous hemodynamic monitoring, electrocardiographic recording, and radionuclide ventriculography. In addition, with synchronized left ventricular pressure tracings and radionuclide volume curves, three sequential pressure-volume diagrams were constructed for each patient corresponding to baseline, intermediate, and maximum pacing levels. Eleven patients (group I) demonstrated a nonischemic response to pacing tachycardia without chest pain, significant electrocardiographic changes, or significant rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in the immediate postpacing period. These patients demonstrated a progressive decrease in LVEDP, end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume, no change in cardiac output or left ventricular ejection fraction, and a progressive increase in left ventricular diastolic peak filling rate and the end-systolic pressure-volume ratio. Pressure-volume diagrams shifted progressively leftward and slightly downward, suggesting both an increase in contractility and a mild increase in left ventricular distensibility. The remaining 11 patients (group II) exhibited an ischemic response to pacing tachycardia, with each patient experiencing angina pectoris, demonstrating greater than 1 mm ST segment depression on the electrocardiogram, and exhibiting greater than 5 mm Hg rise in LVEDP immediately after pacing. LVEDP, end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume in these patients initially decreased and then subsequently increased during angina, with no change in cardiac output but a decrease in ejection fraction. Left ventricular peak diastolic filling rate and the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio both increased at the intermediate pacing rate but fell at maximum pacing. Pressure-volume diagrams for these patients shifted leftward initially, then back to the right, during intermediate and peak pacing levels, often with an upward shift in the diastolic pressure-volume relationship. LVEDP in group II was significantly higher than that in group I at the intermediate pacing level with no difference in end-diastolic or end-systolic volumes, suggesting decreased left ventricular distensibility in these patients before the onset of systolic dysfunction at the maximum pacing level. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Strategies to improve anxiety and depression in patients with COPD: a mental health perspective

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by progressive and only partially reversible symptoms. Worldwide, the incidence of COPD presents a disturbing continuous increase. Anxiety and depression are remarkably common in COPD patients, but the evidence about optimal approaches for managing psychological comorbidities in COPD remains unclear and largely speculative. Pharmacological treatment based on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors has almost replaced tricyclic antidepressants. The main psychological intervention is cognitive behavioral therapy. Of particular interest are pulmonary rehabilitation programs, which can reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms in these patients. Although the literature on treating anxiety and depression in patients with COPD is limited, we believe that it points to the implementation of personalized strategies to address their psychopathological comorbidities.
Patchiness of Embedded Particles and Film Stiffness Control Through Concentration of Gold Nanoparticles

Patchy particles are fabricated using a method of embedding-into and extracting-from thick, biocompatible, gel-like HA/PLL films. Control over the patchiness is achieved by adjusting the stiffness of films, which affects embedding and masking of particles. The stiffness is adjusted by the concentration of gold nanoparticles adsorbed onto the surface of the films.
Timing of primary tooth emergence of a group of Sulaimani Kurdish children

Background: Adequate knowledge of the timing of tooth emergence is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics. Furthermore, information on tooth emergence is also used to supplement other maturity indicators in the diagnosis of certain growth disturbances, and in forensic dentistry to estimate the chronological age of children with unknown birth records. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the emergence time of primary teeth, their order and sequence of eruption from 4 – 48 months among Kurdish children in Sulaimani city. Patients and Methods: A total of 871 children (467 males and 404 females) was randomly selected from the patients of health care centers and the examinations were performed at the time of receiving mandatory vaccinations. Results: All maxillary teeth precede their mandibular opponent except mandibular central incisor that precedes its opponent. The inter-maxillary sequence in the total sample commenced with three teeth altogether given the first order: mandibular central incisor, maxillary central incisor, and maxillary lateral incisor. The mandibular lateral incisor, the maxillary first molar, and mandibular first molar were given the second order. The third order was given to maxillary and mandibular canine teeth collectively. Both maxillary and mandibular second molar occupied the fourth order. No significant gender differences were observed in the emergence ages. Conclusions: The current findings will provide pediatric dentists with contemporary tooth emergence ages, which can be used for assessing dental growth and development among Kurdish population.
Acute respiratory failure

There appears to be a great similarity between all of the various types of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndromes (ARDS) in that they are all characterized by progressively increasing interstitial edema in the lungs and a reduced functional residual capacity. Early diagnosis is mandatory and therapy should be started as soon as there is a reasonable suspicion, based on the patient's injury or illness and the previous condition of his lungs, that acute respiratory failure is developing. Sepsis, shock, CNS or thoracic disease and trauma are important associated factors.Blood gas changes usually cannot be appreciated clinically until the respiratory problem is quite severe. Accordingly, serial blood gas analyses should be performed on any patient who has a reasonable chance of developing ARDS. We have found that changes in the estimated AaDo2 on room air are especially helpful. Any deterioration in the patient's clinical condition, blood gases or ventilatory effort should be considered as an indication for early ventilatory assistance.Control of the primary process, careful dehydration, high tidal volumes, and PEEP are the mainstays of therapy. Serial blood gases and careful observation of the patient's effective compliance are essential to determine the optimal ventilator settings and the optimal amount of PEEP. Recently intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) with very large amounts of PEEP have been reported to be of value. Early administration of massive steroids should be considered if the patient fails to respond promptly to correction of the underlying etiologic problem, particularly sepsis, careful progressive dehydration and optimal expansion of the alveoli, with high tidal volumes and PEEP.
Perturbation-Based Distributed Beamforming for Wireless Relay Networks

This paper deals with distributed beamforming techniques for wireless networks with half-duplex amplify-and- forward relays. Existing schemes optimize the beamforming weights based on the assumption that channel state information (CSI) is available at the relays. We propose to use adaptive beamforming based on deterministic perturbations and limited feedback (1-bit) from the destination to the relays in order to avoid CSI at the relays. Two scalable perturbation schemes are considered and practical implementation aspects are addressed. Simulation results confirm that the proposed techniques closely approach optimum performance and have satisfactory tracking properties in time-varying environments.
Navigation for human-robot interaction tasks

One major design goal in human-robot interaction is that the robots behave in an intelligent manner, preferably in a similar way as humans. This constraint must also be taken into consideration when the navigation system for the platform is developed. However, research in human-robot interaction is often restricted to other components of the system including gestures, manipulation, and speech. On the other hand, research for mobile robot navigation focuses primarily on the task of reaching a certain goal point in an environment. We believe that these two problems can not be treated separately for a personal robot that coexists with humans in the same surrounding. Persons move constantly while they are interacting with each other. Hence, also a robot should do that, which poses constraints on the navigation system. This type of navigation is the focus of this paper. Methods have been developed for a robot to join a group of people engaged in a conversation. Preliminary results show that the platform's moving patterns are very similar to the ones of the persons. Moreover, this dynamic interaction has been judged naturally by the test subjects, which greatly increases the perceived intelligence of the robot.
Mutagenic effect of ribavirin on hepatitis C nonstructural 5B quasispecies in vitro and during antiviral therapy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Addition of ribavirin to interferon alfa treatment has substantially increased sustained virologic response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Ribavirin acts as an RNA virus mutagen in vitro, thereby leading to error catastrophe. However, data in CHC are controversial. METHODS The nonstructural (NS) 5B quasi-species heterogeneity was analyzed in Huh7 cells harboring a subgenomic hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon system treated with ribavirin or levovirin. Accordingly, NS5B quasi-species were studied in 14 patients with CHC who received ribavirin alone or combined with pegylated interferon alfa both at baseline and during the first weeks of therapy. Analysis of NS3 quasi-species served as control. RESULTS Cultivation of HCV replicon cells with ribavirin led to higher NS5B mutational frequencies compared with levovirin-treated or untreated cells (P < .05). Patients receiving ribavirin monotherapy showed higher overall mutational frequencies within NS3 and NS5B during therapy as compared with baseline (P < .01). Proportions of ribavirin-specific G-to-A and C-to-T transitions increased (P < .01). Paired analysis confirmed significant mean increases of mutational frequencies of approximately 5%. Ribavirin serum concentrations were positively correlated with mutational frequency changes (P < .05). In patients receiving combination therapy, a decrease of NS5B mutational frequencies ( approximately 10%) and lower proportions of G-to-A and T-to-C mutations (P < .01) were detectable. CONCLUSIONS Ribavirin, but not its L-enantiomer levovirin, is a mutagen in HCV replicon cells. In patients with CHC, ribavirin monotherapy exhibits a moderate mutagenic effect early during therapy that is not detectable in combination with pegylated interferon alfa.
Universality of young cluster sequences

Aims. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a cluster comprising anywhere between a few dozen to several million stars with stellar densities ranging from 0.01 to several 10 5 Mpc −3 . The majority of these clusters dissolve within 20 Myr. The general assumption is that clusters are born more or less over this entire density range. Methods. A new analysis of cluster observations is presented. Results. It demonstrates that, in fact, clustered star formation works under surprisingly tight constraints with respect to cluster size and density. Conclusions. The observed multitude of cluster densities simply results from snapshots of two sequences evolving in time along pre-defined tracks in the density-radius plane. This implies that the cluster size can actually be used to determine its age.