Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CMOS Image Sensor With Per-Column ΣΔ ADC and Programmable Compressed Sensing

A CMOS image sensor architecture with built-in single-shot compressed sensing is described. The image sensor employs a conventional 4-T pixel and per-column ΣΔ ADCs. The compressed sensing measurements are obtained via a column multiplexer that sequentially applies randomly selected pixel values to the input of each ΣΔ modulator. At the end of readout, each ADC outputs a quantized value of the average of the pixel values applied to its input. The image is recovered from the random linear measurements off-chip using numerical optimization algorithms. To demonstrate this architecture, a 256x256 pixel CMOS image sensor is fabricated in 0.15 μm CIS process. The sensor can operate in compressed sensing mode with compression ratio 1/4, 1/8, or 1/16 at 480, 960, or 1920 fps, respectively, or in normal capture mode with no compressed sensing at a maximum frame rate of 120 fps. Measurement results demonstrate capture in compressed sensing mode at roughly the same readout noise of 351 μVrms and power consumption of 96.2 mW of normal capture at 120 fps. This performance is achieved with only 1.8% die area overhead. Image reconstruction shows modest quality loss relative to normal capture and significantly higher image quality than downsampling.
Plasma Levels of Apolipoprotein E and Cognitive Function in Old Age

Abstract: The relationship between structural variants of the apolipoprotein E gene, APOEɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4, and dementia is well established, whereas the relationship of plasma apoE levels with dementia is less clear. Plasma apoE levels are under tight genetic control but vary widely within the various genotypes indicating that the APOEɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 locus explains only a small fraction of this variation. Here we studied the association of plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels with cognitive function in the elderly population at large. Within the Leiden 85‐plus Study, a prospective population‐based study of subjects aged 85 years, we measured plasma apoE level and genotype at base line. During a 5‐year follow‐up period, cognitive function was annually assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a standardized neuropsychological test battery. Among ɛ3ɛ3 carriers (n= 324), high plasma apoE levels associated with impaired global cognitive function (–1.10 points change in MMSE score per one standard deviation increase of plasma apoE level, P= 0.001), as well as lower attention (P= 0.064), speed and memory function (all P < 0.05). Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and exclusion of all subjects who suffered a stroke did not materially change the associations. Similar estimates were obtained in ɛ3ɛ4 carriers (n= 100), but not in ɛ2ɛ3 carriers (n= 90). We conclude that in old age, in non‐ɛ2‐allele carriers, high plasma apoE levels are associated with cognitive impairments, independent of genotype, cardiovascular risk factors, and stroke.
What predicts support selection: Examining personality and gender

v INTRODUCTION . 1 RESEARCH QUESTION I . 3 RESEARCH QUESTION II . 9 THE PRESENT STUDY . 14 METHOD . 15 RESULTS I . 21 DISCUSSION I . 28 RESULTS II . 33 DISCUSSION II . 42 GENERAL DISCUSSION . 47 REFERENCES . 49 APPENDICES . 56 CURRICULUM VITAE . 59
Enhanced Flow Boiling Over Open Microchannels With Uniform and Tapered Gap Manifolds

Flow boiling in microchannels has been extensively studied in the past decade. Instabilities, low critical heat flux (CHF) values, and low heat transfer coefficients have been identified as the major shortcomings preventing its implementation in practical high heat flux removal systems. A novel open microchannel design with uniform and tapered manifolds (OMM) is presented to provide stable and highly enhanced heat transfer performance. The effects of the gap height and flow rate on the heat transfer performance have been experimentally studied with water. The critical heat fluxes (CHFs) and heat transfer coefficients obtained with the OMM are significantly higher than the values reported by previous researchers for flow boiling with water in microchannels. A record heat flux of 506W/cm 2 with a wall superheat of 26.2 � C was obtained for a gap size of 0.127mm. The CHF was not reached due to heater power limitation in the current design. A maximum effective heat transfer coefficient of 290,000W/m 2 � C was obtained at an intermediate heat flux of 319W/cm 2 with a gap of 0.254mm at 225mL/min. The flow boiling heat transfer was found to be insensitive to flow rates between 40‐333mL/min and gap sizes between 0.127‐1.016mm, indicating the dominance of nucleate boiling. The OMM geometry is promising to provide exceptional performance that is particularly attractive in meeting the challenges of high heat flux removal in electronics cooling applications. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4023574]
A Semantic Concordance

A semantic concordance is a textual corpus and a lexicon so combined that every substantive word in the text is linked to its appropriate sense in the lexicon. Thus it can be viewed either as a corpus in which words have been tagged syntactically and semantically, or as a lexicon in which example sentences can be found for many definitions. A semantic concordance is being constructed to use in studies of sense resolution in context (semantic disambiguation). The Brown Corpus is the text and WordNet is the lexicon. Semantic tags (pointers to WordNet synsets) are inserted in the text manually using an interface, ConText, that was designed to facilitate the task. Another interface supports searches of the tagged text. Some practical uses for semantic concordances am proposed.
Pharmacological Stimulation of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Reduces Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement of Drug Seeking in Squirrel Monkeys

Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been implicated in regulating the psychopharmacologic effects of cocaine and other drugs of abuse. The present study investigated the interactions between the group II mGluR agonist LY379268 [(-)-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo [3.1.0] hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate] and cocaine in squirrel monkeys whose operant behavior was maintained under a second order schedule of i.v. cocaine self-administration with or without presentations of a cocaine-paired visual stimulus, extinguished and subsequently reinstated by priming injections of cocaine with or without presentations of a cocaine-paired stimulus, and controlled by cocaine trained as a discriminative stimulus. Antagonism studies with the group II mGluR antagonist LY341495 [2S-2-amino-2-(1S,2S-2-carboxycyclopropyl-1-yl)-3-(xanth-9-yl) propanoic acid] investigated the extent to which the cocaine-modulating effects of LY379268 could be reversed by blocking group II mGluRs. Quantitative observational studies investigated the effects of LY379268 and LY341495 on species-typical behaviors, balance, and muscle resistance. Pretreatment with LY379268 reduced cocaine self-administration and cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in a dose-dependent, LY341495-reversible manner. Significant effects of LY379268 were observed both in the presence and absence of the cocaine-paired stimulus. LY379268 did not alter the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine, nor did it markedly affect observed behavior, with the exception of an increase in visual scanning. Emesis frequently was observed after the highest dose of LY379268 (1.0 mg/kg). The results suggest that LY379268, by stimulating group II mGluRs, can attenuate the reinforcing and priming effects of cocaine at doses that do not alter its perceptibility or markedly suppress other behaviors.
Spatiotemporal Regulators for Insulin-Stimulated GLUT4 Vesicle Exocytosis

Insulin increases glucose uptake and storage in muscle and adipose cells, which is accomplished through the mobilization of intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) to the cell surface upon stimulation. Importantly, the dysfunction of insulin-regulated GLUT4 trafficking is strongly linked with peripheral insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in human. The insulin signaling pathway, key signaling molecules involved, and precise trafficking itinerary of GSVs are largely identified. Understanding the interaction between insulin signaling molecules and key regulatory proteins that are involved in spatiotemporal regulation of GLUT4 vesicle exocytosis is of great importance to explain the pathogenesis of diabetes and may provide new potential therapeutic targets.
Predicting Binding of Transcriptional Regulators with a Two-Way Latent Grouping Model

Binding of transcription factors to the promoter regions of genes can be measured genome-wide to reveal regulatory networks. The measurements are expensive, however, and methods for predicting bindings from earlier data would reduce the cost. At best, genome-wide studies could be targeted based on a few test samples. We model the binding patterns using recent ideas from collaborative filtering and biclustering. A main difference from biclustering is that we compute a Bayesian prediction using all possible clusterings.
Convex functions on symmetric spaces, side lengths of polygons and the stability inequalities for weighted configurations at infinity

In a symmetric space of noncompact type X = G=K oriented geodesic segments correspond modulo isometries to vectors in the Euclidean Weyl chamber. We can hence assign vector valued lengths to segments. Our main result is a system of homogeneous linear inequalities, which we call the generalized triangle inequalities or stability inequalities, describing the restrictions on the vector valued side lengths of oriented polygons. It is based on the mod 2 Schubert calculus in the real Grassmannians G=P for maximal parabolic subgroups P. The side lengths of polygons in Euclidean buildings are studied in the related paper [KLM2]. Applications of the geometric results in both papers to algebraic group theory are given in [KLM3].
The Influence of Trainee Gaming Experience and Computer Self-Efficacy on Learner Outcomes of Videogame-Based Learning Environments

Abstract : Videogame-based environments are an increasingly popular choice to facilitate training. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the influence of two trainee characteristics, prior videogame experience and computer self-efficacy, on learner outcomes of a videogame-based training environment. In this research, 413 participants played a first-person-perspective videogame that began with a single-player section to introduce game-specific tasks, followed by a multi-player section where participants formed small teams to conduct several collaborative missions. Results indicated that computer self-efficacy and prior videogame experience were predictive of several learner outcomes such that trainees with greater computer self-efficacy and prior videogame experience reported less difficulty using the game interface and greater team cohesion, training satisfaction, and training motivation. Further, a videogame genre-specific effect was demonstrated in that only specific prior game experiences that share similar characteristics with the current training game were significantly predictive of the learner outcomes. These findings have implications for training game developers and instructors utilizing such games.
The ICT statistical machine translation system for IWSLT 2010

This paper illustrates the ICT Statistical Machine Transla tion system used in the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation 2010. We participate in the DIALOG tasks for Chinese-to-English and English-to-Chinese translation respectively. For both ta sks, our system has achieved significant improvement with several effective methods as follows: 1) refining the data preprocessing, including Chinese word segmentation, named entity recognition, etc. 2) reducing the number of Out-ofVocabulary(OOV) on the final test set by applying a fuzzy matching strategy. 3) considering generating a better input for the decoder from the N-best lists of ASR output as a special kind of translation task for the ASR task. 4) improving the performance of every single decoder, and reranking the n-best list for the final results submitted.
αβ T Cell Receptor-positive Cells and Interferon-γ, but not Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Are Critical for Granuloma Necrosis in a Mouse Model of Mycobacteria-induced Pulmonary Immunopathology

The immunological basis of tuberculin-induced necrosis, known for more than a century as “Koch's phenomenon,” remains poorly understood. Aerosol infection in mice with the highly virulent Mycobacterium avium strain TMC724 causes progressive pulmonary pathology strongly resembling caseating necrosis in human patients with tuberculosis. To identify the cellular and molecular mediators causing this pathology, we infected C57BL/6 mice and mice selectively deficient in recombinase activating gene (RAG)-1, αβ T cell receptor (TCR), γδ TCR, CD4, CD8, β2-microglobulin, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p35/p40, or iNOS with M. avium by aerosol and compared bacterial multiplication, histopathology, and respiratory physiology in these mice. The bacterial load in the lung was similarly high in all mouse groups. Pulmonary compliance, as a surrogate marker for granulomatous infiltrations in the lung, deteriorated to a similar extent in all groups of mice, except in αβ TCR-knockout (KO) and IL-12–KO mice in which compliance was higher, and in IFN-γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase–KO mice in which compliance was reduced faster. Progressive caseation of pulmonary granulomas never occurred in αβ TCR-KO, IL-12–KO, and IFN-γ–KO mice and was reduced in CD4-KO mice. In summary, αβ TCR+ cells and IFN-γ are essential for the development of mycobacteria-induced pulmonary caseous necrosis. In contrast, high mycobacterial load and extensive granulomatous infiltration per se are not sufficient to cause caseation, nor is granuloma necrosis linked to the induction of nitric oxide.
An Efficient Partition Based Method for Exact Set Similarity Joins

We study the exact set similarity join problem, which, given two collections of sets, finds out all the similar set pairs from the collections. Existing methods generally utilize the prefix filter based framework. They generate a prefix for each set and prune all the pairs whose prefixes are disjoint. However the pruning power is limited, because if two dissimilar sets share a common element in their prefixes, they cannot be pruned. To address this problem, we propose a partition-based framework. We design a partition scheme to partition the sets into several subsets and guarantee that two sets are similar only if they share a common subset. To improve the pruning power, we propose a mixture of the subsets and their 1-deletion neighborhoods (the subset of a set by eliminating one element). As there are multiple allocation strategies to generate the mixture, we evaluate different allocations and design a dynamic-programming algorithm to select the optimal one. However the time complexity of generating the optimal one is O(s3) for a set with size s. To speed up the allocation selection, we develop a greedy algorithm with an approximation ratio of 2. To further reduce the complexity, we design an adaptive grouping mechanism, and the two techniques can reduce the complexity to O(s log s). Experimental results on three real-world datasets show our method achieves high performance and outperforms state-of-the-art methods by 2-5 times.
Regulation of crp transcription by oscillation between distinct nucleoprotein complexes

FIS belongs to the group of small abundant DNA‐binding proteins of Escherichia coli. We recently demonstrated that, in vivo, FIS regulates the expression of several genes needed for catabolism of sugars and nucleic acids, a majority of which are also transcriptionally regulated by cAMP–cAMP‐receptor protein (CRP) complex. Here we provide evidence that FIS represses transcription of the crp gene both in vivo and in vitro. Employing crp promoter–lacZ fusions, we demonstrate that both FIS and cAMP–CRP are required to keep the crp promoter in a repressed state. We have identified in the crp promoter other transcription initiation sites which are located 73, 79 and 80 bp downstream from the previously mapped start site. Two CRP‐ and several FIS‐binding sites with different affinities are located in the crp promoter region, one of them overlapping the downstream transcription initiation sites. We show that initiation of transcription at the crp promoter is affected by the composition of nucleoprotein complexes resulting from the outcome of competition between proteins for overlapping binding sites. Our results suggest that the control of crp transcription is achieved by oscillation in the composition of these regulatory nucleoprotein complexes in response to the physiological state of the cell.
Regionalized metabolic activity establishes boundaries of retinoic acid signalling

The competence of a cell to respond to the signalling molecule retinoic acid (RA) is thought to depend largely on its repertoire of cognate zinc finger nuclear receptors. XCYP26 is an RA hydroxylase that is expressed differentially during early Xenopus development. In Xenopus embryos, XCYP26 can rescue developmental defects induced by application of exogenous RA, suggesting that the enzymatic modifications introduced inhibit RA signalling activities in vivo. Alterations in the expression pattern of a number of different molecular markers for neural development induced upon ectopic expression of XCYP26 reflect a primary function of RA signalling in hindbrain development. Progressive inactivation of RA signalling results in a stepwise anteriorization of the molecular identity of individual rhombomeres. The expression pattern of XCYP26 during gastrulation appears to define areas within the prospective neural plate that develop in response to different concentrations of RA. Taken together, these observations appear to reflect an important regulatory function of XCYP26 for RA signalling; XCYP26‐mediated modification of RA modulates its signalling activity and helps to establish boundaries of differentially responsive and non‐responsive territories.
An Experimentation Workbench for Replayable Networking Research

The networked and distributed systems research communities have an increasing need for "replayable" research, but our current experimentation resources fall short of satisfying this need. Replayable activities are those that can be re-executed, either as-is or in modified form, yielding new results that can be compared to previous ones. Replayability requires complete records of experiment processes and data, of course, but it also requires facilities that allow those processes to actually be examined, repeated, modified, and reused. We are now evolving Emulab, our popular network testbed management system, to be the basis of a new experimentation workbench in support of realistic, largescale, replayable research. We have implemented a new model of testbed-based experiments that allows people to move forward and backward through their experimentation processes. Integrated tools help researchers manage their activities (both planned and unplanned), software artifacts, data, and analyses. We present the workbench, describe its implementation, and report how it has been used by early adopters. Our initial case studies highlight both the utility of the current workbench and additional usability challenges that must be addressed.
Direct in vivo inhibition of the nuclear cell cycle cascade in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with Roscovitine, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase antagonist.

Glomerular injury is characterized by mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and matrix formation. We sought to determine if reducing the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) with the purine analogue, Roscovitine, decreased MC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Roscovitine (25 microM) inhibited FCS-induced proliferation (P < 0.0001) in cultured MC. Rats with experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (Thy1 model) were divided into two groups. A prevention group received daily intraperitoneal injections of Roscovitine in DMSO (2.8 mg/kg) starting at day 1. A treatment group received daily Roscovitine starting at day 3, when MC proliferation was established. Control Thy1 rats received DMSO alone. MC proliferation (PCNA +/OX7 + double immunostaining) was reduced by > 50% at days 5 and 10 in the Roscovitine prevention group, and at day 5 in the treatment group (P < 0.0001). Early administration of Roscovitine reduced immunostaining for collagen type IV, laminin, and fibronectin at days 5 and 10 (r = 0.984; P < 0.001), which was associated with improved renal function (urinary protein/creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, P < 0.05). We conclude that reducing the activity of CDK2 with Roscovitine in experimental glomerulonephritis decreases cell proliferation and matrix production, resulting in improved renal function, and may be a useful therapeutic intervention in disease characterized by proliferation.
Inertial Sensor-Based Gait Recognition: A Review

With the recent development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), inertial sensors have become widely used in the research of wearable gait analysis due to several factors, such as being easy-to-use and low-cost. Considering the fact that each individual has a unique way of walking, inertial sensors can be applied to the problem of gait recognition where assessed gait can be interpreted as a biometric trait. Thus, inertial sensor-based gait recognition has a great potential to play an important role in many security-related applications. Since inertial sensors are included in smart devices that are nowadays present at every step, inertial sensor-based gait recognition has become very attractive and emerging field of research that has provided many interesting discoveries recently. This paper provides a thorough and systematic review of current state-of-the-art in this field of research. Review procedure has revealed that the latest advanced inertial sensor-based gait recognition approaches are able to sufficiently recognise the users when relying on inertial data obtained during gait by single commercially available smart device in controlled circumstances, including fixed placement and small variations in gait. Furthermore, these approaches have also revealed considerable breakthrough by realistic use in uncontrolled circumstances, showing great potential for their further development and wide applicability.