Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of Ocular Tumor Specimens in Benin City, Nigeria

Purpose To determine the histopathological diagnosis of ocular tumor specimens and to assess their correlation with preoperative clinical diagnosis. Methods Surgical records of all patients who had undergone ocular surgery yielding a tissue specimen at the ophthalmology department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, from March 1999 to February 2007 were extracted. Parameters included age, sex, preoperative clinical diagnosis, type of surgery, and histopathological diagnosis. Results Overall, 148 patients including 88 male (59.5%) and 60 female (40.5%) subjects were operated during the study period. The most prevalent histopathological diagnoses included squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the conjunctiva and eyelids (16.9%), pterygium (12.2%) and retinoblastoma (10.8%). Excisional conjunctival biopsies were performed in 30 cases to rule out SCC which was confirmed in 16 cases (53.3%). Enucleation was performed in 19 children with suspicion of intraocular malignancy of whom 16 had retinoblastoma and one had teratoid medulloblastoma; yielding a correct clinical diagnosis in 89.5% of cases. Of 24 cases of enucleation in adults, the preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 21 cases (87.5%). The preoperative diagnosis was confirmed histologically in 8 cases (53.3%) of 15 orbital specimens and 11 cases (50%) of 22 eyelid samples. Conclusion The most common ophthalmic malignancies were SCC of the conjunctiva and eyelids, and retinoblastoma. Clinicopathological correlation was lowest in eyelid lesions and highest in enucleation specimens.
AN INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE JUDGMENT OF EMOTION IN REAL FACE STIMULI

AN INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE JUDGMENT OF EMOTION IN REAL FACE STIMULI fcy RICHARD I. KUSHNER An individual differences multidimensional scaling paradigm was applied to the study of the utility of differ­ ent physical regions of the face in the judgment of pleasure and anger. This approach to systematically explore how people process information consists of (1) selecting separable physical units defining the stimulus, (2) obtaining scaling data of pairs of stimulus faces on pleasure and anger with the separable physical units varied independently, (3) find­ ing homogeneous subgroups of Ss on the basis of similarities in the scaling data, (*0 characterizing the nature of physical unit utility for each homogeneous subgroup, and (5) searching for person variables which differentially characterize the different homogeneous scaling subgroups. A modified pair comparisons procedure was used for the judgment of 80 stimuli by 100 Ss. Each of the 80 pair­ ings were judged under each of the two emotions for a total of 160 judgments. Ss were asked to judge each stimulus pair for which face in that pair showed more of the emotion being judged. If S indicated that one face showed more of the specified emotion than the other, he/she was asked to indicate
Dendritic cells and the replication of HIV‐1

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a distinct lineage of white cells that arise from CD34+ progenitors in the bone marrow. DCs exhibit many specializations that lead to efficient antigen capture and presentation to T cells, both CD4+ helpers and CD8+ killers. In several human tissues, DCs express the CD4 receptor for HIV‐1. Some early reports described the explosive infection of blood‐derived DCs by HIV‐1 and a severe compromise of their presenting function. In contrast, other studies described active HIV‐1 replication when DCs were interacting with CD4+ T cells. This productive infection could begin with a low viral burden in DCs but required that the DCs retain their normal binding and stimulatory function for T cells. In this review we first summarize those features of the DC system that seem pertinent to HIV‐1 infection. Then we consider the current literature on the interaction of HIV‐1 with DCs, from several different tissues, in HIV‐1‐infected patients or following challenge with HIV‐1 in vitro. The literature leads to the hypothesis that HIV‐1 infection is a battleground in which DCs could be leading both of the armies, the aggressor that promotes HIV‐1 replication from relatively small numbers of infected cells and the defender that mediates T cell‐dependent resistance.
Concerns Involving the Self: What Is the Real Target of Anxiety, Regret, or Worry, When Things Do Not Go Right for You? More Evidence from Sweden and the United States

More than 1000 respondents in Sweden (2013) and the US (2014) were asked to report their subjective opinions and attitudes about situations that caused them regret, concern, worry, and anxiety. US respondents self-identified as Black. Although exploratory factor analyses extracted many latent factors from the 80 questions, a common latent inner factor was extracted from five questions that examined key psychological phenomena: worry at the present time, bothersome concerns in the present, regret for the past, anxiety about the future, and unpleasant experience in the past. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling of the latent variables (SEM/LV) provided convincing evidence of the existence of a common latent inner factor in both countries. Because each of the five key phenomena reflected concerns involving the self, the common latent inner factor was labeled “Being unable to detach from concerns involving the self. ” Then, the same latent inner factor was also confirmed in SEM/LV of combinations of data from Swedish and US Black respondents, and from respondents in a previous study (Japanese, and US respondents who identified as White; Hayase, 2016). Women, younger people, and people with lower levels of education were less able to detach from concerns involving the self than men, older people, and people with higher levels of education. Confirmatory factor analyses by SEM/LV provided additional evidence of the existence of a common latent inner factor for the five phenomena, worry, bothersome concerns, regret, anxiety, and unpleasant experience. Psychological and philosophical implications of the latent inner factor with regard to genuine happiness were discussed.
Behavioral/systems/cognitive Functional–neuroanatomic Correlates of Recollection: Implications for Models of Recognition Memory

Recognition decisions can be based on familiarity, the sense that an item was encountered previously (item memory), and on recollection, the conscious recovery of contextual information surrounding a previous encounter with the item (e.g., source memory). Recognition with recollection is thought to depend on multiple mechanisms, including prefrontal " control " processes that guide retrieval and recapitulation mechanisms that reactivate posterior neocortical representations that were present at encoding. However, uncertainty remains regarding the precise nature of prefrontal contributions to recollection and the selectivity of recapitulation to veridical recollection. The present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study sought to examine whether regions showing " old–new " effects support processes sensitive to recollection success or recollection attempt and whether recapitulation of neocortical representations emerge during veridical recollection as well as during false recognition (i.e., false alarms) or whether false recognition resembles familiarity-based responding. Results revealed that multiple left prefrontal cortical regions were engaged during attempts to recollect previous contextual (source) details, regardless of the nature of the to-be-recollected details and of source recollection outcome (successful vs unsuccessful). Recapitulation effects were observed in regions sensitive to the encoding task, suggesting that veridical recollection entails the reactivation of processes or representations present during encoding. Importantly, in contrast to leading models of recognition memory, false alarms also appeared to be based partially on recollection, as revealed through false recapitulation effects. Implications for neural and cognitive models of recognition are considered.
Antecedents of risk-taking behaviour among South African adolescents

This study aimed to investigate contextual predisposition to risk-taking behaviour among South African adolescents. Participants included 194 black adolescents from central South Africa (female = 50.5% between the ages of 16 and 19 years). The adolescents completed a youth risk behaviour survey as well as a questionnaire on their parental, peer, school, and community relationships. Data were analysed by means of multivariate analyses of variance and standard multiple regression analyses in order to predict risk-taking behaviour (violence, substance use, and risky sexual behaviour) from various relationship contexts (parents, peers, school, and community). Irrespective of relationship context, males portray a higher risk for all types of risky behaviour, and the more time adolescents spend with their peers, the higher their risk for engagement in risk-taking behaviour. Parental monitoring predicted a lower risk for portraying risky behaviour.
Mechanism of olfactory masking in the sensory cilia

Olfactory masking has been used to erase the unpleasant sensation in human cultures for a long period of history. Here, we show a positive correlation between the human masking and the odorant suppression of the transduction current through the cyclic nucleotide–gated (CNG) and Ca2+-activated Cl− (Cl(Ca)) channels. Channels in the olfactory cilia were activated with the cytoplasmic photolysis of caged compounds, and their sensitiveness to odorant suppression was measured with the whole cell patch clamp. When 16 different types of chemicals were applied to cells, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-induced responses (a mixture of CNG and Cl(Ca) currents) were suppressed widely with these substances, but with different sensitivities. Using the same chemicals, in parallel, we measured human olfactory masking with 6-rate scoring tests and saw a correlation coefficient of 0.81 with the channel block. Ringer's solution that was just preexposed to the odorant-containing air affected the cAMP-induced current of the single cell, suggesting that odorant suppression occurs after the evaporation and air/water partition of the odorant chemicals at the olfactory mucus. To investigate the contribution of Cl(Ca), the current was exclusively activated by using the ultraviolet photolysis of caged Ca, DM-nitrophen. With chemical stimuli, it was confirmed that Cl(Ca) channels were less sensitive to the odorant suppression. It is interpreted, however, that in the natural odorant response the Cl(Ca) is affected by the reduction of Ca2+ influx through the CNG channels as a secondary effect. Because the signal transmission between CNG and Cl(Ca) channels includes nonlinear signal-boosting process, CNG channel blockage leads to an amplified reduction in the net current. In addition, we mapped the distribution of the Cl(Ca) channel in living olfactory single cilium using a submicron local [Ca2+]i elevation with the laser photolysis. Cl(Ca) channels are expressed broadly along the cilia. We conclude that odorants regulate CNG level to express masking, and Cl(Ca) in the cilia carries out the signal amplification and reduction evenly spanning the entire cilia. The present findings may serve possible molecular architectures to design effective masking agents, targeting olfactory manipulation at the nano-scale ciliary membrane.
The Learning and Productivity Benefits to Student Programmers from Real-World Development Environments

Existing research and practice in software development environments shows no clear consensus on the most appropriate development tools to use; these may range from simple text editors through teaching-oriented examples to full commercial integrated development environments (IDEs). This study addresses this gap by examining student perceptions of two development environments at opposite ends of the complexity spectrum. The results, gathered over several years using students at a range of experience levels, suggest that complex commercial IDEs are appropriate for programming education, even for entry-level students. Indeed, they offer a range of features that may improve the understanding and productivity of students. However, given the greater simplicity of simple text editors and potential for students to become overly dependent upon the support mechanisms provided by IDEs, teaching IDEs in combination with simple text editors appears to offer an ideal combination to maximize learning opportunities and student employability.
Optimization of Material Removal Rate of AlMg 1 SiCu in Turning Operation using Genetic Algorithm

In the present study genetic algorithm was used to optimize the turning process parameters to obtain maximum material removal rate. The prediction of optimal machining condition for material removal rate plays an important role in process planning. Thus the objective of present study was to develop an empirical model to predict material removal rate in terms of spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut using multiple regressions modeling method. Experiments were carried out on NC controlled machine tool by taking AlMg1SiCu as workpiece material and carbide inserted cutting tool. Finally, genetic algorithm has been employed to find out the optimal setting of process parameters that optimize material removal rate. The best response value for material removal rate obtained from single objective optimization by genetic algorithm was 6021.411 mm/min. Comparisons of experimental and predicted results at optimum conditions showed an error of 3.35 %. This provides flexibility to the manufacturing industries to choose the best setting depending on applications. Key-Words: Genetic algorithm, Aluminum alloy, Taguchi approach, Analysis of variance, Regression modeling, Material removal rate.
Hubungan Resiliensi Dengan Psychological Well Being Pada Kepala Keluarga Dengan Katarak Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tempurejo Kabupaten Jember

Cataract is the condition on eye lens becomes cloudy and decreased vision. Cataracts can trigger stressors on the head of the family that cause psychological problems is psychological well-being disorder. Disorders of psychological well being due to a lack of resilience capability. This study aimed to define the correlation between resilience toward psychological well being to the head of a family with cataract in the Area of Public Health Center of Tempurejo Jember. Research types descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional design consisting of 84 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis that used was Spearman correlation test with significance level 0,05. The results showed resilience to the head of the family with cataracts had a median value of 34.00 and Psychological Well-Being had a median value of 47.00. There was a significant relationship between the level of resilience toward psychological well being to head of a family with cataract (p value = 0.001, r = 0.737). This study shows that the Resilience has correlation with Psychological Well Being to head of Family with Cataract. The head of a family with cataracts must improve resilience to psychological well-being disorders.
A distributional learning account of the acquisition of the locative alternation: Corpus analysis and modeling

Early in acquisition children overgeneralize verbs to ungrammatical structures. The retreat from overgeneralization is linked to the acquisition of verb classes, the semantics of which constrain the structures in which a verb can appear (e.g., Pinker 1989; Ambridge, Pine & Rowland, 2012). How children learn these classes remains unclear. Some argue that distributional regularities in linguistic input provide sufficient evidence for verb classes to emerge and become linked to particular structures. A corpus analysis of the English locative construction (e.g., the woman sprayed water onto the wall/the wall with water) demonstrated that children have similar verb classes to adults. A correspondence analysis revealed that distributional regularities in the input could support these verb classes. Finally, a connectionist simulation was able to model early overgeneralization and retreat through distributional learning of verb classes. These results support a distributional learning account of verb semantics.
The Price of Future Liquidity: Time-Varying Liquidity in the U.S. Treasury Market

This Paper examines the price differences between very liquid on-the-run US Treasury securities and less liquid off-the-run securities over the entire on/off cycle. Unlike previous studies, by comparing pairs of securities as their relative liquidity varies over time, we can disregard any cross-sectional differences between the securities. Also, since the liquidity of Treasury notes varies predictably over time we are able to distinguish between current liquidity and expected future liquidity. We show that the more liquid security is priced higher on average, but that this difference depends on the amount of expected future liquidity over its remaining lifetime rather than its current liquidity. We measure future liquidity using both quotes and trades. The liquidity measures include bid-ask spread, depth and trading activity. Examining a variety of liquidity measures enables us to evaluate their relative importance and to identify the liquidity proxies that most affect prices. Although all the measures are highly correlated with one another, we find that quoted bid-ask spread and quoted depth are more important than effective spread and trade size, respectively. Among measures of market activity, however, the number of trades and volume are more related to the liquidity premium than the number of quotes.
Hybrid type-II ARQ Schemes based on Convolutional Codes in Wireless Channels

|In this work we studied the performance of the hybrid type-II Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) system on Rayleigh fading channels. This system is based on High Rate Optimized Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional (HRO-RCPC) codes combined with simple repetition codes. The performance is investigated for di erent packet sizes and constraint lengths of the convolutional encoder. Additionally the e ect of packet size on the performance in di erent fading environments is studied in more detail. We have also studied the performance of the HRO-RCPC codes combined with optimized Rate Compatible Repetition Convolutional (RCRC) codes as another alternative for channel coding in hybrid type-II ARQ schemes. The simulation results show that HRO-RCPC codes combined with optimized RCRC codes with high parent code rate perform almost as good as the HRO-RCPC codes with simple repetition codes at lower parent code rate. Also a tailbiting decoder using Circular Viterbi Algorithm (CVA) is examined for di erent hybrid type-II ARQ schemes and packet sizes. It is shown that the improvement of the performance due to tailbiting is noticeable for only short packets. For long packets, the sub-optimality of CVA decoding compared to the General Viterbi Algorithm (GVA) degrades the performance considerably. Keywords|Rayleigh fading channels, BPSK modulation, Rate compatible convolutional codes, hybrid type-II ARQ, tailbiting decoder.
Summer food habits and prey taxa and size electivity of age-0 white bass in a South-Central Nebraska irrigation reservoir

Abstract Understanding consumption patterns and preferences of particular life stages for fish species can clarify potential dietary overlap and identify energy flow within aquatic communities. Age-0 white bass (Morone chrysops) have been documented to consume a variety of prey items and zooplankton are a common occurrence. The importance of particular zooplankton taxa and available sizes will likely impact prey selectivity, which is not understood for age-0 white bass. The objectives of this study were to evaluate food habits, prey electivity, and size selectivity of age-0 white bass in an irrigation reservoir from July to September 2015 and 2016. By number, age-0 white bass consumed mostly zooplankton from July to September. Consumption of fish become an important component of the diet for 22% of fish starting at 80 mm TL. Calanoida were the primary zooplankton taxa consumed and selected for by age-0 white bass. In relation to other zooplankton taxa, Calanoida were one of the most abundant taxa groups available and age-0 white bass displayed size selective feeding by consuming the larger Calanoida available in the environment. While Calanoida are not the largest taxa available, their high density appears to result in higher consumption by age-0 white bass compared to other available taxa.
Effect of Entonox on reducing the need for Pethidine and the Relevant Fetal and Maternal Complications for Painless Labor

Background Pain relief during labour is one of the major concerns in obstetrics; severe labor pain causes fear of the next pregnancy, and interferes with the mother’s family relationship. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of Entonox during labor on reducing the need for pethidine (Meperidine) and fetal-maternal complications. Methods This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women who were candidates for vaginal delivery in Educational Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran between January 2014 and November 2015. After entering into the inactive phase of labor, participants were randomly allocated to receive inhaled Entonox gas (n=200) or inhale Oxygen (n=200) as a control group. Mothers inhaled the gas at commencement of pain, and ceased as soon as the pain diminished, up to the end of the second stage of labor which was the neonate’s birth. Main outcomes were pain score based on NRS (numerical rating scale), duration of delivery, required pethidine, maternal complications and satisfaction during labour. Chi-square and Independent T-test were used via SPSS for data analysis and P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Four-hundred pregnant women with a mean age of 26.4±5.9 years were studied. Complications such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and drowsiness were reported in 25% of the Entonox group and 23% in the control group (p=0.640). Mean of pain severity score during labor in the Entonox and control groups was 4.5±1.2 and 5.2±1.4, respectively (p<0.001). Pethidine requirement, significantly was lower in the Entonox group (31.6±11.8 versus 35.7±12.4; p<0.001). Conclusion In our study, Entonox significantly reduced pain during delivery without significant increase in maternal and neonatal complications. Trial registration The trial is registered at the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry (IRCT.ir) with the IRCT identification number IRCT2015102713159N6. Funding This research has been financially supported by Research Council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.