Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ENVIRONMENTS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITHIN THE zCOSMOS DENSITY FIELD

The impact of environment on active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity up to z ∼ 1 is assessed by utilizing a mass-selected sample of galaxies from the 10k catalog of the zCOSMOS spectroscopic redshift survey. We identify 147 AGN by their X-ray emission as detected by XMM-Newton from a parent sample of 7234 galaxies. We measure the fraction of galaxies with stellar mass M* > 2.5 × 1010 M☉ that host an AGN as a function of local overdensity using the 5th, 10th, and 20th nearest neighbors that cover a range of physical scales (∼1–4 Mpc). Overall, we find that AGNs prefer to reside in environments equivalent to massive galaxies with substantial levels of star formation. Specifically, AGNs with host masses between 0.25 and 1 × 1011 M☉ span the full range of environments (i.e., field to group) exhibited by galaxies of the same mass and rest-frame color or specific star formation rate. Host galaxies having M* > 1011 M☉ clearly illustrate the association with star formation since they are predominantly bluer than the underlying galaxy population and exhibit a preference for lower-density regions analogous to Sloan Digital Sky Survey studies of narrow-line AGN. To probe the environment on smaller physical scales, we determine the fraction of galaxies (M* > 2.5 × 1010 M☉) hosting AGNs inside optically selected groups, and find no significant difference with field galaxies. We interpret our results as evidence that AGN activity requires a sufficient fuel supply; the probability of a massive galaxy to have retained some sufficient amount of gas, as evidence by its ongoing star formation, is higher in underdense regions where disruptive processes (i.e., galaxy harassment, tidal stripping) are lessened.
Hepatic Resection Using a Water Jet Dissector

The mortality and morbidity in major hepatic resection is often related to hemorrhage. A high pressure, high velocity water jet has been developed and has been utilized to assist in hepatic parenchymal transection. Sixty-seven major hepatic resections were performed for solid hepatic tumors. The tissue fracture technique was used in 51 patients (76%), and the water jet dissector was used predominantly in 16 patients (24%). The extent of hepatic resection using each technique was similar. The results showed no difference in operative duration (p = .499). The mean estimated blood loss using the water jet was 1386 ml, and tissue fracture technique 2450 ml (p = .217). Transfusion requirements were less in the water jet group (mean 2.0 units) compared to the tissue fracture group (mean 5.2 units); (p = .023). Results obtained with the new water dissector are encouraging. The preliminary results suggest that blood loss may be diminished.
M@n@gement in Times of Economic Crisis: Insights Into Organizational Ambidexterity

Est-il pertinent et realiste de dire que la France est en guerre ? La question a provoque nombre de commentaires dans les medias : Quand peut-on parler de guerre ? Et oserons-nous dire que nous avons un ennemi ? A force d’etre mobilisees, ces interrogations ont fini par s’imposer comme un debat d’experts, d’erudits et d’intellectuels.
Identification of Stem-Like Cells in Atrial Myxoma by Markers CD44, CD19, and CD45

Atrial myxoma is the most frequent tumor arising mainly in atrial septum and its origin remains uncertain. It has been reported that a subpopulation of stem-like cells are present in benign tumors and responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance. In this study, we investigated whether stem-like cells could contribute to the atrial cardiac myxoma. Immunohistology data confirmed that a population of cells bearing the surface markers CD19, CD45, and CD44 resided in a mucopolysaccharide-rich matrix of myxoma. Moreover, we isolated myxoma cells with phase-bright culture method and confirmed that myxoma derived cells express robust level of CD19, CD45, and CD44. Furthermore, the pluripotency of this population of cells also was validated by cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells differentiation in vitro. Our results indicate that primary cardiac myxoma may arise from mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to generate tumors with multilineage differentiation. In conclusion, this study for the first time verified that stem-like cells are present in atrial myxoma and this population of cells may have the capacity for myxoma initiation and progression.
Protein Disorder and Short Conserved Motifs in Disordered Regions Are Enriched near the Cytoplasmic Side of Single-Pass Transmembrane Proteins

Intracellular juxtamembrane regions of transmembrane proteins play pivotal roles in cell signalling, mediated by protein-protein interactions. Disordered protein regions, and short conserved motifs within them, are emerging as key determinants of many such interactions. Here, we investigated whether disorder and conserved motifs are enriched in the juxtamembrane area of human single-pass transmembrane proteins. Conserved motifs were defined as short disordered regions that were much more conserved than the adjacent disordered residues. Human single-pass proteins had higher mean disorder in their cytoplasmic segments than their extracellular parts. Some, but not all, of this effect reflected the shorter length of the cytoplasmic tail. A peak of cytoplasmic disorder was seen at around 30 residues from the membrane. We noted a significant increase in the incidence of conserved motifs within the disordered regions at the same location, even after correcting for the extent of disorder. We conclude that elevated disorder within the cytoplasmic tail of many transmembrane proteins is likely to be associated with enrichment for signalling interactions mediated by conserved short motifs.
Bank Runs without Consumers’ Panic∗

In a version of the Diamond and Dybvig [3] model with aggregate uncertainty, we show that there exist an equilibrium with the following properties: all consumers deposit at the bank, all patient consumers wait for the last period to withdraw and the bank fails with strictly positive probability. Furthermore, we show that the probability of a bank failure remains bounded away from zero as the number of consumers increases. We interpret such an equilibrium as reflecting a bank run, defined as an episode in which a large number of people withdraw their deposits from a bank, forcing it to fail. Our results show that we can have equilibrium bank runs with poorly informed consumers about the true state of nature, a sequential service constraint, an infinite marginal utility of consumption at zero, and without consumers’ panic and sunspots. We, thus, think that aggregate risk in Diamond-and-Dybvig-like environments can be an important element to explain bank runs. ∗Special thanks are due to Patrick Leoni, who co-authored an early paper on this topic. I would also like to thank Bernardino Adão, Alexandre Baptista, Aleksander Berentsen, João Rosal, Karl Shell and seminar participants at Universität Basel for their comments. All remaining errors are mine.
Mg ii LINE VARIABILITY OF HIGH-LUMINOSITY QUASARS

We monitored five high-luminosity quasars with λL3000 Å > 1045 erg s−1 at 0.4 ≲ z ≲ 0.6 to measure the flux variability of the Mg ii λ2798 line and explore the feasibility of reverberation mapping using Mg ii. Over the two-year monitoring program, imaging data were obtained with the A Noble Double-Imaging Camera on the 1.3 m telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), while spectroscopic data were obtained on the same nights with the R-C spectrograph on the 1.5 m telescope at the CTIO. By performing differential photometry using available field stars in each quasar image, we measured variability—10–24% peak-to-peak changes and 3–8% rms variations—in the B band, which includes flux changes in the rest-frame UV continuum (∼2500 Å–3600 Å) as well as the Mg ii line. Utilizing photometric measurements for spectroscopic flux calibration, we measured the Mg ii line flux and the continuum flux at 3000 Å from each single-epoch spectrum. Four objects showed Mg ii line flux variability with 23–50% peak-to-peak changes and 8–17% rms variations over 1–1.5 year rest-frame timescales, while one object showed no Mg ii flux variability within the measurement error (<5%). We also detected 4–15% rms variations of the Mg ii line width for all five objects. With synchronous observations for photometry and spectroscopy, we demonstrated the feasibility of the Mg ii line reverberation mapping for high-luminosity quasars at intermediate redshift.
Behavior of X-Ray Dust Scattering and Implications for X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts

The afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have commonly been assumed to be due to shocks sweeping up the circumstellar medium. However, most GRBs have been found in dense star-forming regions where a significant fraction of the prompt X-ray emission can be scattered by dust grains. Here we revisit the behavior of dust scattering of X-rays in GRBs. We find that the features of some X-ray afterglows from minutes to days after the gamma-ray triggers are consistent with the scattering of prompt X-ray emission from GRBs off host dust grains. This implies that some of the observed X-ray afterglows (especially those without sharp rising and decaying flares) could be understood with a dust-scattering-driven emission model.
Clinical Epidemiology Dovepress Open Access to Scientific and Medical Research Open Access Full Text Article

Validity of the recorded international Classification of Diseases, 10th edition diagnoses codes of bone metastases and skeletal-related events in breast and prostate cancer patients in the Danish national Registry of Patients Objective: The clinical history of bone metastases and skeletal-related events (SREs) secondary to cancers is not well understood. In support of studies of the natural history of bone metastases and SREs in Danish prostate and breast cancer patients, we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of hospital diagnoses for bone metastases and SREs (ie, radiation therapy to the bone, pathological or osteoporotic fractures, spinal cord compression and surgery to the bone) in a nationwide medical registry in Denmark. Study design and setting: In North Jutland County, Denmark, we randomly sampled 100 patients with primary prostate cancer and 100 patients with primary breast cancer diagnoses from the National Registry of Patients (NRP), during the period January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2000 and followed them for up to five years after their cancer diagnosis. We used information from medical chart reviews as the reference for estimating sensitivity, and specificity of the NRP International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) coding for bone metastases and SRE diagnoses. Results: For prostate cancer, the overall sensitivity of bone metastases or SRE coding in the NRP was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–0.69), and the specificity was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87–1.00). For breast cancer, the overall sensitivity of bone metastases or SRE coding in the NRP was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.34–0.80), and the specificity was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.88–0.99). Conclusion: We measured the validity of ICD-10 coding in the Danish NRP for bone metas-tases and SREs in prostate and breast cancer patients and found it has adequate sensitivity and high specificity. The NRP remains a valuable tool for clinical epidemiological studies of bone metastases and SREs.
The Assessment of Reliability of Cognitive Evoked Potential in Normal Person

Objective To evaluate intra-tester reliability of P300 more precisely, this study was designed. Event-related potential (ERP) is the result of endogenous brain response following cognitive stimulus. The P300 component of the human ERP is a positive wave with a latency of 300 ms or greater. Our purpose of this study was to estimate reliability of P300 latency and amplitude with 30 normal persons without head injury, as well as to set up them as the reference values in the event that they would be found to be highly reliable. Methods ERP was performed at three separate times on 30 normal adults in their 20s and 30s. We measured P300 latency and amplitude among ERP. Results P300 latency show excellent reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.81. As to P300 amplitude, reliability was good to fair with ICC of 0.53. Average value of P300 latency was 311.3±37.0 ms, shorter than reference value of previous study in Korea. Conclusion P300 latency revealed higher reliability than P300 amplitude, although reliability of P300 was confirmed in both component. After further study including precise mechanism, influence factor on measurement and method standardization, it is expected to be an objective indicator to assess the cognitive state and predict prognosis.
Construction of a Biological Tissue Model Based on a Single-Cell Model: A Computer Simulation of Metabolic Heterogeneity in the Liver Lobule

An enormous body of information has been obtained by molecular and cellular biology in the last half century. However, even these powerful approaches are not adequate when it comes to higher-level biological structures, such as tissues, organs, and individual organisms, because of the complexities involved. Thus, accumulation of data at the higher levels supports and broadens the context for that obtained on the molecular and cellular levels. Under such auspices, an attempt to elucidate mesoscopic and macroscopic subjects based on plentiful nanoscopic and microscopic data is of great potential value. On the other hand, fully realistic simulation is impracticable because of the extensive cost entailed and enormous amount of data required. Abstraction and modeling that balance the dual requirements of prediction accuracy and manageable calculation cost are of great importance for systems biology. We have constructed an ammonia metabolism model of the hepatic lobule, a histological component of the liver, based on a single-hepatocyte model that consists of the biochemical kinetics of enzymes and transporters. To bring the calculation cost within reason, the porto-central axis, which is an elemental structure of the lobule, is defined as the systems biological unit of the liver, and is accordingly modeled. A model including both histological structure and position-specific gene expression of major enzymes largely represents the physiological dynamics of the hepatic lobule in nature. In addition, heterogeneous gene expression is suggested to have evolved to optimize the energy efficiency of ammonia detoxification at the macroscopic level, implying that approaches like this may elucidate how properties at the molecular and cellular levels, such as regulated gene expression, modify higher-level phenomena of multicellular tissue, organs, and organisms.
An efficient implementation of the higher-order PML based on the Z-transform method

Based on the stretched coordinate perfectly matched layer (SC-PML) formulations and the Z-transform method, an efficient and unsplit-field implementation of the higher-order PML scheme with more than one pole is proposed to truncate the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) lattices. The higher-order PML has the advantages of both the conventional PML and the complex frequency shifted PML (CFS-PML) in terms of absorbing performances. A numerical validation of the proposed formulations is provided through a 2D TE-polarized electromagnetic wave interaction with an infinitely long perfectly electric conductor (PEC) sheet with the finite width. It is shown in the numerical simulation that the proposed PML formulations with the higher-order scheme are efficient in terms of attenuating both the low-frequency propagating waves and evanescent waves and reducing late-time reflections, and also hold much better absorbing performances than the conventional SC-PML and the convolutional PML (CPML) with the CFS scheme.
Osteoblasts isolated from mouse calvaria initiate matrix mineralization in culture

A method is presented for isolating osteoblasts from newborn mouse calvaria without the use of digestive enzymes. The procedure is based on the ability of osteoblasts to migrate from bone onto small glass fragments (Jones, S.J., and A. Boyde, 1977, Cell Tissue Res., 184:179- 193). The isolated cells were cultured for up to 14 d in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 50 micrograms/ml of ascorbic acid. 7-d cultures were incubated for 24 h with [3H]proline. High levels of collagen synthesis relative to total protein were found, as measured by collagenase digestion of medium and cell layer proteins. Analysis of pepsin-digested proteins from the same cultures by SDS PAGE showed that type I collagen was predominantly produced with small amounts of type III and V (alpha 1 chains) collagens. Osteoblasts grown in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate were able to initiate mineral deposition in culture. Electron microscopic analysis of the cultures revealed the presence of needle- shaped apatite-like crystals associated with collagen fibrils and vesicles in the extracellular space. Mouse skin fibroblasts cultured under identical conditions failed to initiate mineralization. Electron histochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaline phosphatase activity, associated with osteoblast membranes, matrix vesicles and on or near collagen fibrils. Thus these isolated osteoblasts retained in culture their unique property of initiating mineralization and therefore represent a model of value for studying the mineralization process in vitro.
Research Article Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Anemia in Taiwanese Adults

Background. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) are common in adults. Although the most common causes of IDA usually arise from the gastrointestinal tract, the association between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and anemia remains unclear. Aim. To evaluate the association of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and IDA. Materials and Methods. The status of Helicobacter pylori (H.p) infection was confirmed and blood samples from the same participants were taken on the same day to check the level of hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Results. No significant difference was noted from the demographic data. The average level of hemoglobin (Hb) was not different between negative and positive groups, pos 13.57 g/dL versus neg 13.65 g/dL (í µí± = 0.699). Although the levels of serum IDA related parameters were expected in positive group (lower serum iron and ferritin and higher TIBC) these differences did not reach statistical significance (í µí± = 0.824 for iron, í µí± = 0.360 for ferritin, and í µí± = 0.252 for TIBC). Conclusion. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is not attributed to IDA. The levels of hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin, and TIBC remain unaffected after chronic H.p infection. Large-scale clinical studies are needed to prove the association.
Social comparison and Group-based emotions

informational: people like to know where they stand in terms of what they think, feel, or do. Are they simply normal or do they happen to be outrageously below orabove widely popularstandards? Often,people alsorely on social comparison to motivate themselves. If getting a kick out of the comparison is the main goal of the comparison then the comparison target is likely to be some person or some group that fares slightly better. Finally, there could also be an explicit attempt at self-enhancement. By finding comparison others who are sufficiently similar yet also somewhat less knowledgeable, strong or likeable than themselves, people make sure that they will come out of the comparison with a feeling of psychological comfort. In short, people’s self-knowledge, motivation, and self-esteem crucially hang on the outcome of dozens of daily comparison operations. Although initially used in interpersonal theory contexts, the social comparison process also comes across as a major player in an impressive series of social psychology theories that focus on intergroup relations. Prominent contributions are for instance relative deprivation theory (Crosby, 1976, 1982; Guimond and Dube´-Simard, 1983; Gurr, 1970; Runciman,1966;VannemanandPettigrew,1972;WalkerandPettigrew, 1984; for a collection, see Walker and Smith, 2002), social identity theory (Tajfel, 1981; Tajfel and Turner, 1979; Turner, 1975), and selfcategorization theory (Hogg and Abrams, 1988; Oakes, Haslam and Turner, 1994; Turner et al., 1987). In all these theoretical perspectives, the selection of a particular social comparison target has been shown to exertamajorinfluenceonpeople’sbeliefs,feelings,and,indeed,behaviors. This analysis holds particularly in the case of self-categorization theory (SCT). SCT is often presented as the direct offspring of social identity
Estimating Markov Modulated Software Reliability Models via EM Algorithm

In this paper, we develop a parameter estimation method to Markovian software reliability models. When software fault-detection rates change in the software testing phase, fault-detection processes can be generally modeled by Markov modulated processes. This paper deals with a unified parameter estimation method for Markov modulated software reliability models as well as the typical pure birth process models. In numerical examples, we evaluate a goodness-of-fit for the Markov modulated software reliability models with real fault data, and show numerically that the Markov modulated software reliability models are superior to the existing pure birth process models in the viewpoint of information criterion
Effects of Loading Duration and Short Rest Insertion on Cancellous and Cortical Bone Adaptation in the Mouse Tibia

The skeleton’s osteogenic response to mechanical loading can be affected by loading duration and rest insertion during a series of loading events. Prior animal loading studies have shown that the cortical bone response saturates quickly and short rest insertions between load cycles can enhance cortical bone formation. However, it remains unknown how loading duration and short rest insertion affect load-induced osteogenesis in the mouse tibial compressive loading model, and particularly in cancellous bone. To address this issue, we applied cyclic loading (-9 N peak load; 4 Hz) to the tibiae of three groups of 16 week-old female C57BL/6 mice for two weeks, with a different number of continuous load cycles applied daily to each group (36, 216 and 1200). A fourth group was loaded under 216 daily load cycles with a 10 s rest insertion after every fourth cycle. We found that as few as 36 load cycles per day were able to induce osteogenic responses in both cancellous and cortical bone. Furthermore, while cortical bone area and thickness continued to increase through 1200 cycles, the incremental increase in the osteogenic response decreased as load number increased, indicating a reduced benefit of the increasing number of load cycles. In the proximal metaphyseal cancellous bone, trabecular thickness increased with load up to 216 cycles. We also found that insertion of a 10 s rest between load cycles did not improve the osteogenic response of the cortical or cancellous tissues compared to continuous loading in this model given the age and sex of the mice and the loading parameters used here. These results suggest that relatively few load cycles (e.g. 36) are sufficient to induce osteogenic responses in both cortical and cancellous bone in the mouse tibial loading model. Mechanistic studies using the mouse tibial loading model to examine bone formation and skeletal mechanobiology could be accomplished with relatively few load cycles.