Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Complexity of Rule Systems, Experience and Organizational Learning

In this article, we analyse organizational learning that is based on formal organizational rules. Organizational rules provide procedures for problem solving. However, whether rules are useful as media of organizational learning is dependent on properties of the rule system and on the organizational members' experience in dealing with rules and the rule system. For example, a voluminous rule system is usually assumed to impede rule changes that contribute to organizational learning. With regard to experience one can assume that organizational members who have learned how to deal effectively with a rule system should be able to design rules in such a way that, for some time, they do not require further changes. In an empirical analysis of all changes in the rules for personnel policy in a German bank from 1970 to 1989, we show that experience increases the stability of individual rules and the rule system. However, we cannot support the assumption that the volume of the rule system impedes organizational learning. Moreover, we found that the volume of individual rules increases the probability of rule change.
The effect of cigarette smoking on early osseointegration of dental implants: a prospective controlled study.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of cigarette smoking on the percentage of early bone-to-implant contact (BIC%), the bone density in the threaded area (BA%) as well as the bone density outside the threaded area (BD%) around micro-implants with sandblasted acid-etched surface retrieved from human jaws. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two subjects (mean age 55.4 ± 4.5 years) were divided in two groups: smokers (n = 11 subjects) and never-smokers (n = 11 subjects). Each subject received one micro-implant during conventional mandible or maxilla implant surgery. After 8 weeks, the micro-implants and the surrounding tissue were removed and prepared for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS Two micro-implants placed in smokers showed no osseointegration. Early stages of maturation of the newly formed bone were present, mainly in the never-smokers. Marginal bone loss, gap, and fibrous tissue were present around some implants retrieved from smokers. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean BIC% ranged between 25.9 ± 9.1 and 39.8 ± 14.2 for smokers and non-smokers, respectively (P = 0.02). Smokers presented 28.6 ± 10.1 of BA% while never-smokers showed 46.4 ± 18.8 (P = 0.04). The mean of BD% ranged between 19.1 ± 7.6 and 28.5 ± 18.8 for smokers and never-smokers, respectively (P = 0.21). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking has a detrimental effect on early bone tissue response around sandblasted acid-etched implant surface topographies.
The Dark Side of the Web: Italian Right-Wing Extremist Groups and the Internet

Focusing on extreme-right organisations in Italy, this article addresses the specific use of the Internet by extremist groups and its potential role for the formation of collective identity, organisational contacts and mobilisation. The analysis includes both political parties and non-party organisations, even violent groups. Through the combination of Social Network Analysis (SNA) of web linkages amongst approximately 100 organisations, with a formalised content analysis of those websites, we argue that various forms of usage of the Internet by right-wing organisations are indeed on the rise, with an increase not only in the number of extremist websites but also in the exploitation of the Internet for diffusing propaganda, promoting ‘virtual communities’ of debate, fundraising, and organising and mobilising political campaigns. The various specificities of the usage of the Internet by extreme-right organisations are demonstrated and linked to offline reality.
Expression of histone methyltransferases as novel biomarkers for renal cell tumor diagnosis and prognostication

Renal cell tumors (RCTs) are the most lethal of the common urological cancers. The widespread use of imaging entailed an increased detection of small renal masses, emphasizing the need for accurate distinction between benign and malignant RCTs, which is critical for adequate therapeutic management. Histone methylation has been implicated in renal tumorigenesis, but its potential clinical value as RCT biomarker remains mostly unexplored. Hence, the main goal of this study was to identify differentially expressed histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) that might prove useful for RCT diagnosis and prognostication, emphasizing the discrimination between oncocytoma (a benign tumor) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially the chromophobe subtype (chRCC). We found that the expression levels of 3 genes—SMYD2, SETD3, and NO66—was significantly altered in a set of RCTs, which was further validated in a large independent cohort. Higher expression levels were found in RCTs compared to normal renal tissues (RNTs) and in chRCCs comparatively to oncocytomas. SMYD2 and SETD3 mRNA levels correlated with protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry. SMYD2 transcript levels discriminated RCTs from RNT, with 82.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity [area under curve (AUC) = 0.959], and distinguished chRCCs from oncocytomas, with 71.0% sensitivity and 73.3% specificity (AUC = 0.784). Low expression levels of SMYD2, SETD3, and NO66 were significantly associated with shorter disease-specific and disease-free survival, especially in patients with non-organ confined tumors. We conclude that expression of selected HMTs and HDMs might constitute novel biomarkers to assist in RCT diagnosis and assessment of tumor aggressiveness.
Time-Dependent Changes of Erectile Function in Diabetic Rats: Role of Systemic Endothelial Dysfunction

Purpose To understand the potential contribution of systemic endothelial dysfunction to diabetic erectile dysfunction, and the time course of erectile dysfunction in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Materials and Methods Among 84, 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, 48 rats received intraperitoneal STZ and were classified into six groups of diabetes by the period of observation (n=8). The remaining 36 rats were also grouped, similar to the diabetic groups, and served as normal controls. After 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks of diabetes (serum glucose >250 mg%), all rats underwent cavernous nerve electrostimulation (3 V, 0.2 ms, 30 sec) with varying frequency (2.5~20 Hz). At the end of the study, 8 ml of blood was taken to measure the plasma markers of endothelial function and glycosylated hemoglobin. Results Compared to the control, significant reduction of erectile response was not observed until eight weeks after diabetes induction. The diabetic rats had elevation of all plasma markers except for l-selectin. However, the correlation analysis revealed that no systemic marker of endothelial dysfunction was associated with change in erectile function. Only the level of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) showed a modest but significant correlation with the peak intracavernosal pressure, corrected by mean arterial pressure (ρ=-0.183), and the area under the curve of the cavernosometry (ρ=-0.207). Conclusions Significant reduction of erectile function was not observed until eight weeks after the induction of diabetes. Except for HbA1c, there was no systemic marker associated with endothelial activation and erectile function in the diabetic rats.
Blurring the Lines

Through the use of popular culture constructs, individuals are exposed to an overabundance of images that validate rape myths. Although studies have examined rape in popular culture, little attention has been given to the use of rape myths in comic books as a means to reinforce hegemonic masculinity. Using a convenience sample taken from popular comic book series, this content analysis examined the prevalence of rape and the myths used to create such portrayals as well as discuss the negative impact the perpetuation of rape culture has on society. Findings indicate that the reinforcement of rape myths is present within mainstream comic books. Rape myths that were supported included a number of rape survivor, rape perpetrator, and victim blaming myths.
Young children's ability to process object colour: Coloured pictogens and verbal mediation

Previous research shows that children aged around 3 and 4 years can name colours and objects yet still find it difficult to make judgments about the characteristic associated colour of objects (Davidoff & Mitchell, 1993). In a further investigation of their difficulty, children were asked to discriminate between correctly and incorrectly coloured versions of objects (Expt 1) or to select a correct or incorrect colour for black and white presentations of objects (Expt 2). The alternatives were presented either verbally or visually. We found that the form of the question affected the child's responses. When asked to choose the silly/wrong alternative from a visual choice, children performed better than when asked to choose the right alternative in Expt 1 but not Expt 2. Conversely, when asked to do likewise in a verbal choice, children performed better (especially in Expt 2) when asked to choose the right alternative rather then the wrong one. The results are discussed with respect to Davidoff & Mitchell's (1993) colour-processing model.
Self-assessment of Japanese as a second language: The role of experiences in the naturalistic acquisition

Self-assessment has been used to assess second language proficiency; however, as sources of measurement errors vary, they may threaten the validity and reliability of the tools. The present paper investigated the role of experiences in using Japanese as a second language in the naturalistic acquisition context on the accuracy of the self-assessment. Results revealed that experiential factors played a significant role in the measurement errors introduced by the self-assessment. The asymmetry pattern emerged, whereby less experienced second language speakers appeared to overestimate their ability, whereas those with more experience underestimated their language skills. The Rasch analysis identified poor-fit items in the self-assessment survey, and the subsequent qualitative analysis of the items indicated that the greater misalignment was related to items including more difficult tasks, with which participants had relatively little experience. Implications for development and use of self-assessment are thus discussed in relation to experiential factors in self-assessment.
The Abyss: Exploring Depression Through a Narrative of the Self

This article explores particular processes, vulnerabilities, and difficulties of living with clinical depression. To do so, the author draws upon moments from his own narrative of self to highlight how his embodied illness story collides with different selves. In the showing, he attempts to evoke the ambiguities, ongoing struggles, and gendered nature of depression in ways that display how the past continues in the present and crafts the future. Finally, the author discusses the therapeutic implications of writing, telling, enacting, and witnessing stories within a political and cultural framework of narrative resources.
[Desmoid tumors in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis].

Desmoid tumours (DT) are slow-growing tumours that consist of proliferations of well-differentiated fibroblasts. Although the typical characteristics of malignant tumours, such as distant metastases, are absent, the tumours are locally aggressive and grow into neighbouring structures. The prevalence of desmoid tumours in patients with FAP is 7-12%. The lifetime risk of developing desmoid tumours is about 20%. In FAP, most tumours are intra-abdominal or located in the abdominal wall. Next to colorectal cancer, desmoid tumours are the most frequent cause of death in FAP. Possible risk factors for the development of desmoid tumours are previous surgical procedures, pregnancy, female sex, a family history of desmoid tumours, and specific mutations in the APC-gene. Both CT scanning and MRI can be used to detect the tumours. An excision biopsy is needed to establish the diagnosis. Medicinal treatment with NSAIDs is the treatment of first choice, followed by hormonal treatment (e.g., tamoxifen) in combination with NSAIDs. Both forms of treatment lead to a response in about 30-50% of the patients. Surgery is the preferred treatment for extra-abdominal tumours or tumours located in the abdominal wall. Surgical treatment of intra-abdominal tumours is only indicated in patients with obstruction of the bowel or ureter. Chemotherapy is indicated in patients with progressive desmoid tumours when non-cytotoxic treatment has failed. Radiotherapy may play a role in the treatment of irresectable extra-abdominal or abdominal wall tumours, or as adjuvant treatment of tumours with positive margins.
A novel mechanism for regulating the activity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by a small protein

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) forms a trimeric ring that associates with and influences the activity of many proteins participating in DNA metabolic processes and cell cycle progression. Previously, an uncharacterized small protein, encoded by TK0808 in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis, was shown to stably interact with PCNA in vivo. Here, we show that this protein, designated Thermococcales inhibitor of PCNA (TIP), binds to PCNA in vitro and inhibits PCNA-dependent activities likely by preventing PCNA trimerization. Using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis, the interacting regions of PCNA and TIP were identified. Most proteins bind to PCNA via a PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) motif that interacts with the inter domain connecting loop (IDCL) on PCNA. TIP, however, lacks any known PCNA-interacting motif, suggesting a new mechanism for PCNA binding and regulation of PCNA-dependent activities, which may support the development of a new subclass of therapeutic biomolecules for inhibiting PCNA.
Behavior of EMO algorithms on many-objective optimization problems with correlated objectives

Recently it has been pointed out in many studies that evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms with Pareto dominance-based fitness evaluation do not work well on many-objective problems with four or more objectives. In this paper, we examine the behavior of well-known and frequently-used EMO algorithms such as NSGA-II, SPEA2 and MOEA/D on many-objective problems with correlated or dependent objectives. First we show that good results on many-objective 0/1 knapsack problems with randomly generated objectives are not obtained by Pareto dominance-based EMO algorithms (i.e., NSGA-II and SPEA2). Next we show that the search ability of NSGA-II and SPEA2 is not degraded by the increase in the number of objectives when they are highly correlated or dependent. In this case, the performance of MOEA/D is deteriorated. As a result, NSGA-II and SPEA2 outperform MOEA/D with respect to the convergence of solutions toward the Pareto front for some many-objective problems. Finally we show that the addition of highly correlated or dependent objectives can improve the performance of EMO algorithms on two-objective problems in some cases.
Observer versus Field Memories in Repressive, Low Anxious, and Obsessive-Compulsive Subjects

The tendency to see one's self in autobiographical memories (“Observer” memories) has been reported for experiences that are emotional or involve self-awareness. Repressors, who avoid thinking about emotional experiences, should have fewer observer memories, whereas obsessive-compulsives should have more. College students were asked to recall specific events (e.g., giving a public performance), and the point of view of the memory. Repressors (who had low Manifest Anxiety and high Marlowe Crowne scores) reported fewer observer memories than did low anxious subjects (who scored low on both inventories), and were not different from a high anxious group. This pattern was replicated in a second experiment, which also found that subjects with high Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive scores had more observer memories than those with low scores. Repressors and obsessive-compulsives did not differ consistently either in their frequency of observer memories or their personality profiles.
Assessment of Knowledge on Impacts of Climate Change-Contribution to the Specification of Art

The purpose of this report is to compile and summarise the present knowledge on impacts of climate change as a basis for a consideration of what may constitute dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system under Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). An attempt will be made to associate projected global mean surface temperature and/or sea level changes with specific identified impacts and effects in order to assist a discussion on the operationalization of Article 2. The main emphasis will be on ecosystem effects, food production, water resources, and sustainable development.
A Gender Perspective on the Work and Lives of Women Primary School Teachers

The study presented deals with the work and lives of women primary school teachers in relation to gender order in school and society. The study is based on interviews with 20 experienced women teachers. The results are presented as six themes. (i) Consequences of a teachers' sex in their daily work. At a general level, they understand their professional role as gender neutral, but at the same time they express the importance of their sex in their daily work. (ii) Mother and teacher - teacher and mother, experiences of motherhood and of teaching as work and the meaning of a professional attitude. (iii) Balancing the demands of private life and work life where both spheres are characterised by rationality of responsibility and ethics of care, aspects related to gender. (iv) On socio-emotional work, connected to women in the gender order of society. The teachers describe these dimensions as energy sapping and time consuming, but also as most important for work satisfaction and personal motivation. (v) Informal collegial interaction, a source of emotional support as well as development of professional knowledge. (vi) Power, authority and status. Low status views of the teacher and teaching are described in terms of 'women's work'. In an individual perspective, the woman teacher is in a contradictory situation with regard to positional authority. Their emotional work promotes creation of a relational authority. To the teachers themselves gender seems not to be a very important issue, but gender regimes in schools follow the same pattern as in society. Women teachers seem to be in a position where they reproduce, rather than change, traditional gender patterns.
Reading strategy use and motivation among Chinese good and poor readers in Hong Kong

The Chinese University of Hong KongEighty-three good readers and 76 poor readers were compared on their ability to usereading strategies in Chinese reading comprehension and on various readingmotivation variables. Poor readers scored lower than good readers in using allreading strategies, and especially in using sophisticated cognitive and metacognitivestrategies. Poor readers also had lower intrinsic motivation in reading than had goodreaders. While the ability to use reading strategies had the strongest relation withreading comprehension, intrinsic motivation and strategy attribution might facilitatereading development through their positive relations with strategy use. Implicationsof these ﬁndings for implementing effective reading instruction in Hong KongChinese language teaching are discussed.
Learning Task Effectiveness and Social Interdependence Through the Mediating Mechanisms of Sharing and Helping: A Survey of Online Knowledge Workers

This study proposes a model by postulating antecedents and mediators related to interemployee linkages as the key drivers of task effectiveness, in which task effectiveness is affected indirectly by expressiveness, outcome, and task interdependence through the mediation of knowledge sharing and interemployee helping. This study conducts empirical testing of the proposed model by investigating online knowledge workers from business organizations in Taiwan and confirms the applicability of interemployee linkages in understanding task effectiveness. This study contributes to the literature related to job effectiveness by validating idiosyncratic drivers of interemployee helping and by performing an operationalization of social interdependence. Lastly, managerial implications and limitations of the research are provided.
Development and application of 14 microsatellite markers in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides reveals population genetic differentiation at local spatial scales

Burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus) are relatively rare among insects in providing sophisticated parental care. Consequently, they have become model species in research analysing social evolution, the evolution of parental care and mating systems. We used the recently published N. vespilloides genome and transcriptome to develop microsatellite markers. Specifically, we developed 14 polymorphic markers with five to 13 alleles per locus and used them to investigate levels of genetic differentiation in four south Cambridgeshire (UK) populations of N. vespilloides, separated by 21 km at most. The markers revealed significant genetic structuring among populations (global FST = 0.023) with all but one of the pairwise comparisons among populations being significant. The single exception was the comparison between the two closest populations, which are approximately 2.5 km apart. In general, the microsatellite markers showed lower observed heterozygosity than expected. We infer that there is limited dispersal between populations and potentially also some inbreeding within them and suggest that this may be due to habitat fragmentation. We discuss these results in the context of recent laboratory experiments on inbreeding and beetle flight.
Symptomatic Hypoglycaemia in Childhood Diabetes: A Population‐Based Questionnaire Study

The occurrence of severe and mild hypoglycaemic attacks and their symptoms and signs were studied in 92 insulin‐dependent diabetic children, 7–18 years old. A questionnaire was distributed to all families and they were interviewed by an experienced nurse. Severe attacks, for which the help of an adult was needed, were reported by 44 % of the children during a 12‐month period. Thirty‐seven per cent of the attacks occurred in the mornings, most often attributed to extra physical exercise, but equally often without any obvious cause. They were more common in children with strict blood glucose control measured as HbA1c. Fast‐acting carbohydrates, given by parents, relieved the attack in most children, but 15% needed a glucagon injection and 12% intravenous glucose. In all, 16 % were admitted to hospital. Mild events occurred in 97 % of the children, at least once per week in 53 % of the children, and were not related to blood glucose control. They were often attributed to extra physical exercise and occurred mainly between breakfast and lunch. Initial symptoms were tremor and hunger; during the whole event tremor and sweating were most common. Parents noted pallor as the most common sign. The frequency of severe or mild attacks could not be correlated to the age of the child, duration of diabetes, daily dose or number of insulin injections.