Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Disposition for Global Maturity: An Explanation for Genetic Effects on Parental Report on ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to be substantially influenced by genetic factors. However it is still not known how these effects are mediated. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether genetic disposition for global maturity could be a mediator of the well-known findings of genetic factors for ADHD symptoms. A total of 1480 pairs of twins aged 8-9 years were identified through the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. A mailed questionnaire with items from DSM-III-R for ADHD and items concerning global maturity were completed by the parents. The results showed that global maturity mediated part of genetic effects for ADHD for both boys and girls. There were also genetic, shared environmental, as well as nonshared environmental effects unique to ADHD not in common with global maturity. Thus, there are at least two pathways through which genetic effects can influence ADHD: one through predisposition for maturational lag and one unique to ADHD, possibly mediated by personality. The results indicate that maturational lag could be of importance for treatment and prognosis of ADHD.
Active Learning of Model Evidence Using Bayesian Quadrature

Numerical integration is a key component of many problems in scientific computing, statistical modelling, and machine learning. Bayesian Quadrature is a modelbased method for numerical integration which, relative to standard Monte Carlo methods, offers increased sample efficiency and a more robust estimate of the uncertainty in the estimated integral. We propose a novel Bayesian Quadrature approach for numerical integration when the integrand is non-negative, such as the case of computing the marginal likelihood, predictive distribution, or normalising constant of a probabilistic model. Our approach approximately marginalises the quadrature model's hyperparameters in closed form, and introduces an active learning scheme to optimally select function evaluations, as opposed to using Monte Carlo samples. We demonstrate our method on both a number of synthetic benchmarks and a real scientific problem from astronomy.
High sensory-processing sensitivity at work.

In this study, the construct validity of an instrument for the measurement of sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS), the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), was examined. Among the outcomes, first, the results confirm an earlier conclusion of researchers that the HSPS does not measure a one-dimensional construct. Most hypotheses concerning relationships with the personality variables sense of coherence, alienation, self-efficacy, and negative affectivity were supported. Second, the SPS-construct was introduced into the field of work stress. Positive relationships with work stress facets pertaining to the second stage of stress were found. Third, the user-friendliness of the HSPS was addressed by shortening the instrument without affecting its reliability and validity. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Sphingolipid signalling mediates mitochondrial dysfunctions and reduced chronological lifespan in the yeast model of Niemann‐Pick type C1

The Niemann‐Pick type C is a rare metabolic disease with a severe neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by an accumulation of high amounts of lipids (cholesterol and sphingolipids) in the late endosomal/lysosomal network. It is caused by loss‐of‐function point mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2, which seem to mediate proper intracellular lipid transport through endocytic pathway. In this study, we show that yeast cells lacking Ncr1p, an orthologue of mammalian NPC1, exhibited a higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and a shortened chronological lifespan. These phenotypes were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress markers, decreased levels of antioxidant defences and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Moreover, we report that Ncr1p‐deficient cells displayed high levels of long chain bases (LCB), and that Sch9p‐phospho‐T570 and Sch9p levels increased in ncr1Δ cells through a mechanism regulated by Pkh1p, a LCB‐activated protein kinase. Notably, deletion of PKH1 or SCH9 suppressed ncr1Δ phenotypes but downregulation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis had no protective effect, suggesting that LCBs accumulation may result from an increased turnover of complex sphingolipids. These results suggest that sphingolipid signalling through Pkh1p‐Sch9p mediate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress sensitivity and shortened chronological lifespan in the yeast model of Niemann‐Pick type C disease.
Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for T1b Tumors: Strict Trifecta Outcomes

Background and Objectives: “Trifecta” in partial nephrectomy consists of negative surgical margins, minimal renal function decrease and absence of complications. In the present article, our single-center robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) experience in T1b renal masses is reported in terms of strict Trifecta outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with a tumor diameter between 4 and 7 cm (stage T1b), who underwent RAPN by a single surgeon. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were recorded and analyzed to evaluate short-term functional and oncologic outcomes. Patients with absence of grade ≥ 2 Clavien-Dindo complications, warm ischemia time (WIT) ≤25 minutes, ≤15% postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease and negative surgical margins were reported to achieve strict Trifecta outcomes. P < . 05 was indicated statistically significant. Results: A total of 150 patients underwent RAPN, and 50 patients were identified with tumor size between 4 and 7 cm. Mean WIT was 20.8 ± 6.2 minutes and mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 269 ± 191 mL. Surgical margins were negative in all patients. Eleven patients (22%) had a >15% eGFR decrease after surgery. Nine patients (18%) had WIT longer than 25 minutes. Four patients (8%) had grade ≥2 Clavien-Dindo complications. Twenty-nine (58%) patients had strict Trifecta outcomes. Mean follow-up was 44.2 ± 27.2 months. Tumor recurrence was not observed in any patient. Conclusions: Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for T1b renal masses can be safely performed in experienced hands. Optimal strict Trifecta outcomes and recurrence rates can be achieved.
The Influence of Project-Based Curricula on Six-Year-Old Preschoolers' Conceptual Development

The aim in this study was to understand the effects of project-based curricula on 6-year-old preschool children’s conceptual development. Two classes of 14 preschoolers were assigned at random, 1 to the experimental group and the other to the control group. The experimental children’s group took part in project-based education for a total of 12 weeks while the control group followed the regular preschool curriculum. Data about the children’s conceptual development were gathered using the Bracken Basic Concept Scale-Revised (Bracken, 1998), which was previously adapted for 6-year-old Turkish children by Butun Ayhan and Aral (2007). The results revealed that all children improved their scores between the time of pretest and posttest, but there was a small difference in favor of the experimental group in the posttest scores.
Mini-Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Augmented by Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation: A Comparison of Surgical Outcomes in Adult Low-grade Isthmic Spondylolisthesis

Study Design Retrospective clinical data analysis. Objective To compare clinical results with radiologic results of 2 fusion techniques for adult low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. Summary of Background Data There is clear evidence that lumbar interbody fusion using anterior and posterior approaches provides a high fusion rate, good sagittal alignment, and good clinical outcomes. However, there are no recent studies that compare these 2 fusion techniques. Methods Between March 2004 and December 2004, 48 patients underwent instrumented mini-anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and 46 underwent instrumented mini-transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). The mean follow-up periods were 32.6 and 29.7 months, respectively. Results The mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain decreased, respectively, from 7.7 and 7.5 to 2.9 and 2.7 in the ALIF group and from 7.0 and 6.3 to 2.3 and 2.2 in the TLIF group. The mean Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores improved from 51.4% to 23.2% in the ALIF group and from 52% to 14.4% in the TLIF group. In both groups, the VAS and ODI scores significantly changed preoperatively to postoperatively (P<0.001). However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in postoperative VAS/ODI scores between groups. Radiologic evidence of fusion was noted in 95.8% and 92.3% of the patients in the ALIF group and the TLIF group, respectively. In both the groups, changes in the disc height, segmental lordosis, degree of listhesis, and whole lumbar lordosis (WL) between the preoperative and postoperative periods were significant except for WL in the TLIF group. The amount of change between preoperative and postoperative disc height, segmental lordosis, and WL demonstrated significant intergroup differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The mini-ALIF group demonstrated key radiographic advantages compared with the mini-TLIF group for adult low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. However, clinical and functional outcomes did not demonstrate significant differences between groups.
Participation in Computer Games Vs. Coordination Motor Abilities and Body Composition in Boys From Rural Areas of Poland

Purpose. The present study attempted to determine the effect of the number of hours spent playing computer games per week on somatic characteristics and the performance of selected coordination motor abilities. Methods. Ninety-seven prepubertal boys from rural areas of southern Poland were recruited. Selected coordination motor abilities were assessed by use of computer tests and a questionnaire was administered to determine the amount of time spent playing computer games. basic somatic characteristics such as body height, body mass, body fat percentage (%PF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body mass index (bMI) were measured. Descriptive statistics were calculated mean and standard deviation ( , sd) for the studied coordination abilities and somatic characteristics. One-way ANOVA for independent samples was employed to determine the differentiation between the results of the studied variables depending on the mean numbers of hours spent playing computer games per week. Results. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the results and the number of hours spent playing games, specifically for kinesthetic differentiation, spatial orientation, and the speed, accuracy, and precision of movements (in the number of committed errors). The lowest somatic characteristics including bMI was observed in the group of boys who spent the least amount of time playing computer games. Conclusions. It was found playing computer games 8 to 11 hours a week positively affected coordination motor ability, although individuals who played more than this amount of computer games had a higher incidence to be overweight or obese.
Probabilistic Hierarchical Clustering of Morphological Paradigms

We propose a novel method for learning morphological paradigms that are structured within a hierarchy. The hierarchical structuring of paradigms groups morphologically similar words close to each other in a tree structure. This allows detecting morphological similarities easily leading to improved morphological segmentation. Our evaluation using (Kurimo et al., 2011a; Kurimo et al., 2011b) dataset shows that our method performs competitively when compared with current state-of-art systems.
Learning hierarchical representation with sparsity for RGB-D object recognition

RGB-D sensor has gained its popularity in the study of object recognition for its low cost as well as its capability to provide synchronized RGB and depth images. Thus, researchers have proposed new methods to extract features from RGB-D data. On the other hand, learning-based feature representation is a promising approach for 2D image classification. By exploiting sparsity in 2D image signals, we can learn image representation instead of using hand-crafted local descriptors like SIFT or HoG. This framework inspired us to learn features from RGB-D data. Our work focuses on two goals. First, we propose a novel Hierarchical Sparse Shape Descriptor (HSSD) to form learning-based representation for 3D shapes. To achieve this, we analyze several 3D feature extraction techniques and propose a unified view of them. Then, we learn hierarchical shape representation with sparse coding, max pooling and local grouping. Second, we investigate whether RGB and depth information should be fused at lower level or higher level. Experimental results show that, first, our HSSD algorithm can learn shape dictionary and provide shape cues in addition to the 2D cues. Using the proposed HSSD algorithm achieves 84% accuracy on a household RGB-D object dataset and outperforms a widely used VFH shape feature by 13%. Second, fusing RGB-D information at lower level does not improve recognition performance.
Every child matters: every challenge met?

This article explores the impact of the Every Child Matters agenda on a group of multi‐agency professionals with regard to a number of key issues – such as leadership, multi‐agency collaboration, and individual practice. One of the main challenges concerning the successful implementation of the ECM agenda is to ensure that effective training is provided. If the ECM is having an impact on multi‐agency work and everyday practice, then this is most likely to be concentrated on those who are undertaking professional development which takes the ECM agenda as its basis. A number of innovative training programmes have been established to try and meet these challenges. This research explores the attitudes of participants in one such programme – in particular, their perceptions of ECM priorities and the challenges that the agenda has posed to their thinking and working practices. Key findings and their implications for policy and practice are highlighted.
Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation in Education: Reconsidered Once Again

The finding that extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation has been highly controversial since it first appeared (Deci, 1971). A meta-analysis published in this journal (Cameron & Pierce, 1994) concluded that the undermining effect was minimal and largely inconsequential for educational policy. However, a more recent meta-analysis (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999) showed that the Cameron and Pierce meta-analysis was seriously flawed and that its conclusions were incorrect. This article briefly reviews the results of the more recent meta-analysis, which showed that tangible rewards do indeed have a substantial undermining effect. The meta-analysis provided strong support for cognitive evaluation theory (Deci & Ryan, 1980), which Cameron and Pierce had advocated abandoning. The results are briefly discussed in terms of their relevance for educational practice.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CONFIABILIDADE DO MINI-EXAME DO ESTADO MENTAL EM IDOSOS E ASSOCIAÇÃO COM VARIÁVEIS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS*

Esta investigacion tuvo por objetivo evaluar la confiabilidad del Miniexamen del Estado Mental (MEEM) y verificar la asociacion de las variables sociodemograficas con deficit cognitivo. Se trata de estudio transversal que ha utilizado la version del MEEM modificada y un formulario para recoger los datos sociodemograficos. Han participado del estudio 503 ancianos asistidos en las Equipos Salud de la Familia de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, en periodo de agosto de 2007 y febrero de 2008, con media de edad de 72,63 anos, siendo 156 (31%) hombres y 347 (69%) mujeres. La evaluacion de confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach ha resultado 0,80, evidenciando que el instrumento es confiable para aplicacion en esa muestra. Entre las variables estudiadas, genero y franja etaria tuvieron influencia significativa en resultado del estado mental. Los resultados apuntan indicadores para debates, definicion de politicas de asistencia al anciano y elaboracion de Programas en Salud Mental.
Reasoning about Continuous Uncertainty in the Situation Calculus

Among the many approaches for reasoning about degrees of belief in the presence of noisy sensing and acting, the logical account proposed by Bacchus, Halpern, and Levesque is perhaps the most expressive. While their formalism is quite general, it is restricted to fluents whose values are drawn from discrete countable domains, as opposed to the continuous domains seen in many robotic applications. In this paper, we show how this limitation in their approach can be lifted. By dealing seamlessly with both discrete distributions and continuous densities within a rich theory of action, we provide a very general logical specification of how belief should change after acting and sensing in complex noisy domains.
The rhetoric of silence: The society of friends' unprogrammed meeting for worship

The Society of Friends' unprogrammed Meeting for Worship is examined as a unique form of rhetoric. The philosophical bases of Quaker worship are seen to contribute to a participatory form of rhetoric in which silence is the primary means of group identification and in which source and audience merge in the emergent vocal ministry. The strength of unity and common mission achieved through the rhetoric of silence is illuminated by the socio‐political contributions which Quakers have made in every area of modern society for the last two centuries. The silent meeting is held as a potential model for achieving participatory identification in a variety of non‐religious contexts.
The Lived Experience of Physical Awkwardness: Adults’ Retrospective Views

The investigation explored 12 adults’ past experiences of physical awkwardness. Hermeneutic phenomenology, a descriptive and interpretative methodology, uncovered feelings and meanings associated with childhood reminiscences of physical awkwardness, from 18 semi-structured interviews. Findings focus upon four themes, namely: “failing and falling,” “hurt and humiliation,” “worrying and wondering,” and seeking ways of “avoiding awkwardness” in the future. A heightened awareness of the subjective lived experience of those who are awkward in physical activity and sport situations would alert teachers, coaches, and others of the potential emotional and social consequences associated with it and the need to address the problem of physical awkwardness, in particular, during early growth, maturation, skill development, and learning.
The Enemy of My Enemy Is My Friend

Through a series of interviews with and observations of Aryan Nations members, this article explores attempts by Aryan Nations to form an alliance with followers of Islamic Jihad and examines how a shared hatred of the Jew provides a basis for such an alliance. The article discusses growing differences between members of Aryan Nations with regard to such an alliance and the role of Christian Identity in their organization. Some members of Aryan Nations believe that their organization and its members should remain tied solely to Christian Identity. Others believe that people from other faiths, specifically Muslims, who share Aryan Nations's goal of defeating Jews, should be allowed to join Aryan Nations. Leaders in Aryan Nations have tried to satisfy both groups by dividing Aryan Nations into two distinct entities, one political and one religious.
Children with communication impairments: Caregivers’ and teachers’ shared book-reading quality and children’s level of engagement

This study addressed two aims: First, to examine the quality of adult shared book-reading behaviors for teachers and caregivers of children with communication impairments (CI) and, second, to compare the level of child literacy engagement during the teacher-led (group) and caregiver-led (one-on-one) shared book-reading sessions. Sixteen children with communication impairments were observed in both teacher-led and caregiver-led book-reading sessions using four matched manipulative storybooks. Children were observed during the fall and the spring of their preschool year. The quality of book-reading was evaluated using the ‘systematic assessment of book reading’ (SABR). Children’s level of literacy engagement was documented using the Children’s Orientation to Book Reading Rating Scale. Results indicated that teachers’ shared book-reading quality was significantly higher than caregivers’. Children’s level of engagement was high across both adult-led contexts.
The Immovable Object Versus the Irresistible Force: Problems and Opportunities for Humanistic Psychology

The immovable force of an increasingly reductionistic approach to understanding and treating psychological life and the irresistible force of people searching desperately for solutions to struggles that allow for meaning, purpose, and richness in life create serious challenges and great opportunities for humanistic psychology. Humanistic psychology, if it can grasp these opportunities, has the chance to transform the field of psychology. To do so, humanistic psychology will have to deal adequately with three major manifestations of this reductionistic approach to psychology: the DSM as the means for understanding human distress, manualized treatments as the only scientifically based treatments of distress, and randomized controlled trials as the best way of determining treatment effectiveness. This article, after describing each of these reductionistic challenges, briefly reviews the current state of the humanistic response and concludes with a template that, if followed, offers us the chance to create a science that is both intellectually rigorous and experientially rich.
Tranfronterizos' socialization into mathematical discourse: capitalizing on language and cultural resources or caught between conflicting ideologies?

Abstract Studies of transfronterizos have highlighted the potential ways in which these students might draw on their linguistic, cultural, or knowledge capital on both sides of the border. However, because transfronterizos may cross borders to participate in institutional contexts, such as schooling, they can find themselves in the interstices of conflicting values and practices in institutions. For instance, discourse practices and ideologies might differ across institutional, national, or discourse borders. In this article, I situate the process of becoming socialized into a disciplinary discourse in the sociopolitical of the US–Mexico context to show how one student resists mathematical discourse and simultaneously constructs an identity in regard to this discourse. Through the case of Betty, a pre-service teacher, I show how contrasting ways of doing mathematics impact her socialization into mathematical discourse. I draw on Border Theory to demonstrate how Betty constructs an identity in the face of conflicting ideologies. Finally, I portray the ways in which she constructs an identity to position herself in regard to the discourse as knowledgeable while simultaneously resisting this discourse. Her agency is apparent in her use of mathematical discourse to mediate the construction of her identity.
Toward a taxonomy of knowledge-based strategies: early findings

Knowledge-Based (KB) Strategies are being recognised as a vital factor of business strategy. Still, a complete taxonomy of KB strategies is absent. This research proposes such a framework by analysing the typology of six KB strategic dimensions, and organisational culture. The findings suggest that organisations have six major strategic decisions to make when it comes to strategically managing their knowledge base. The analysis shows that culture and strategies have a positive association with organisational effectiveness. The findings also suggest that KB strategy relationship to outcomes is complementary to culture. Based on the findings, the study offers an early draft of a KB strategies taxonomy.