Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individuals with severely impaired vision can learn useful orientation and mobility skills in virtual streets and can use them to improve real street safety

Virtual reality has great potential in training road safety skills to individuals with low vision but the feasibility of such training has not been demonstrated. We tested the hypotheses that low vision individuals could learn useful skills in virtual streets and could apply them to improve real street safety. Twelve participants, whose vision was too poor to use the pedestrian signals were taught by a certified orientation and mobility specialist to determine the safest time to cross the street using the visual and auditory signals made by the start of previously stopped cars at a traffic-light controlled street intersection. Four participants were trained in real streets and eight in virtual streets presented on 3 projection screens. The crossing timing of all participants was evaluated in real streets before and after training. The participants were instructed to say “GO” at the time when they felt the safest to cross the street. A safety score was derived to quantify the GO calls based on its occurrence in the pedestrian phase (when the pedestrian sign did not show DON’T WALK). Before training, > 50% of the GO calls from all participants fell in the DON’T WALK phase of the traffic cycle and thus were totally unsafe. 20% of the GO calls fell in the latter half of the pedestrian phase. These calls were unsafe because one initiated crossing this late might not have sufficient time to walk across the street. After training, 90% of the GO calls fell in the early half of the pedestrian phase. These calls were safer because one initiated crossing in the pedestrian phase and had at least half of the pedestrian phase for walking across. Similar safety changes occurred in both virtual street and real street trained participants. An ANOVA showed a significant increase of the safety scores after training and there was no difference in this safety improvement between the virtual street and real street trained participants. This study demonstrated that virtual reality-based orientation and mobility training could be as efficient as real street training in improving street safety in individuals with severely impaired vision.
Where to Restore Ecological Connectivity? Detecting Barriers and Quantifying Restoration Benefits

Landscape connectivity is crucial for many ecological processes, including dispersal, gene flow, demographic rescue, and movement in response to climate change. As a result, governmental and non-governmental organizations are focusing efforts to map and conserve areas that facilitate movement to maintain population connectivity and promote climate adaptation. In contrast, little focus has been placed on identifying barriers—landscape features which impede movement between ecologically important areas—where restoration could most improve connectivity. Yet knowing where barriers most strongly reduce connectivity can complement traditional analyses aimed at mapping best movement routes. We introduce a novel method to detect important barriers and provide example applications. Our method uses GIS neighborhood analyses in conjunction with effective distance analyses to detect barriers that, if removed, would significantly improve connectivity. Applicable in least-cost, circuit-theoretic, and simulation modeling frameworks, the method detects both complete (impermeable) barriers and those that impede but do not completely block movement. Barrier mapping complements corridor mapping by broadening the range of connectivity conservation alternatives available to practitioners. The method can help practitioners move beyond maintaining currently important areas to restoring and enhancing connectivity through active barrier removal. It can inform decisions on trade-offs between restoration and protection; for example, purchasing an intact corridor may be substantially more costly than restoring a barrier that blocks an alternative corridor. And it extends the concept of centrality to barriers, highlighting areas that most diminish connectivity across broad networks. Identifying which modeled barriers have the greatest impact can also help prioritize error checking of land cover data and collection of field data to improve connectivity maps. Barrier detection provides a different way to view the landscape, broadening thinking about connectivity and fragmentation while increasing conservation options.
Sky Quality Meter measurements in a colour-changing world

This research was supported by Fonds de recherche du Quebec – Nature et technologies (FRQNT-186263) and by the Federation des Cegeps, by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract No. APVV-14-0017, by Spanish projects AYA2012-31277 and AYA2013-46724-P and the Spanish Network for Light Pollution Studies (AYA2015-71542-REDT) from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. This research also received support from a Medzinarodna Vedecko-Technicka Spolupraca (MVTS) grant of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. This research was supported in part by the STARS4ALL project and ORISON project funded by the European Union H2020-ICT-2015-688135 and H2020-INFRASUPP-2015-2.
Equational zero vector databases, non-equational databases, and inherent internal control

Equational zero vector accounting systems, based on duality principles and the double-entry model, were designed as ontological control systems to help prevent and detect fraud and errors inherent in non-equational, single-entry systems. Non-equational systems lend themselves to fraud and errors to a larger degree because the internal control inherent in an equational zero vector system has no substitute. We use an analytical analysis methodology to show that an equational zero vector system provides superior inherent internal control over data completeness and data reliability. In the accounting information systems area, the most popular modern non-equational system, the resource-event-agent model, is increasingly being promoted as a replacement for the equational zero vector accounting system. We contend that, although non-equational accounting system frameworks can be modelled with controls, they do not achieve the degree of control inherent in an equational zero vector accounting system without becoming an equational zero vector accounting system.
Chronic myeloid leukemia: an update of concepts and management recommendations of European LeukemiaNet.

PURPOSE To review and update the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including monitoring, response definition, and first- and second-line therapy. METHODS These recommendations are based on a critical and comprehensive review of the relevant papers up to February 2009 and the results of four consensus conferences held by the panel of experts appointed by ELN in 2008. RESULTS Cytogenetic monitoring was required at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Molecular monitoring was required every 3 months. On the basis of the degree and the timing of hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular results, the response to first-line imatinib was defined as optimal, suboptimal, or failure, and the response to second-generation TKIs was defined as suboptimal or failure. CONCLUSION Initial treatment was confirmed as imatinib 400 mg daily. Imatinib should be continued indefinitely in optimal responders. Suboptimal responders may continue on imatinb, at the same or higher dose, or may be eligible for investigational therapy with second-generation TKIs. In instances of imatinib failure, second-generation TKIs are recommended, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation only in instances of failure and, sometimes, suboptimal response, depending on transplantation risk.
Upregulation of MUC4 in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Pathologic Significance

MUC4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein more highly expressed in cervical dysplasia than benign cervical epithelium. We sought to determine whether MUC4 expression differs between benign and malignant cervical tissue. Fifty-eight patients with benign, dysplastic, or malignant cervical pathology were identified retrospectively, and representative sections were stained with a mouse monoclonal anti-MUC4 antibody. Semiquantitative analysis was performed on benign, dysplastic, and malignant regions by scoring staining intensity (0: negative, 1: weak, 2: moderate, and 3: strong) and distribution (focal <10%, multifocal=10%–60%, diffuse ≥60%). In samples with benign glycogenated squamous epithelium, only the parabasal cells had MUC4 staining, and 48.5% had an intensity of 2 or 3. All samples with immature squamous metaplasia were positive through the entire epithelial thickness. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 samples had variable staining with an intensity similar to glycogenated squamous epithelium but distribution similar to squamous metaplasia. All CIN 3 (n=21) and invasive squamous cell carcinomas (n=17) had increased MUC4 staining intensity (P<0.001 and P<0.001) and increased diffuse staining (P<0.001 and P<0.001) compared with the limited staining in glycogenated squamous epithelium. In contrast, no differences in staining were observed between benign endocervical glands, adenocarcinoma in situ, and invasive adenocarcinoma. These expression patterns suggest that MUC4 is a lineage marker in benign cervical tissue that may have aberrant expression in squamous dysplasia and carcinoma. Further studies may elucidate the role of MUC4 in the development of squamous cell cervical cancer.
Youth ice hockey tournament injuries: rates and patterns compared to season play.

OBJECTIVE To prospectively document the incidence of game injury rates in youth ice hockey tournaments to compare with season-long game injury rates and to analyze the injuries occurring at tournaments by mechanism, type, body location, severity, player position, and period of play. DESIGN A prospective injury report form completed for injured players by the tournament athletic trainer. SETTING Four boys' tournaments and one girls' tournament during the 1993-94 season. PARTICIPANTS 807 boys and girls, ages 9-19. MEASUREMENTS/MAIN RESULTS 60 injuries occurred in boys and 4 occurred in girls. There were 26 boys with significant injuries and no girls with significant injuries. The significant game injury rates per 1000 player hours were 50.9 for boys combined, 57.9 for boys' Peewee A, 42.7 for boys' Bantam A, 64.8 for boys' varsity high school, 44.8 for boys' Junior Gold, and 0 for girls' Peewee A and B. Cerebral concussion comprised 15% of boys' injuries. CONCLUSIONS The significant injury rate for boys' tournament game play was 4-6 times higher than the season game injury rates in two previous season-long studies. In boys' games, 65% of "all" injuries and 77% of "significant" injuries were related to collisions. The girls' rules of play do not allow body checking, and there were no significant injuries in girls' games. The boys had high rates of cerebral concussion injury at all age levels. Minimizing the frequency and intensity of collisions in the boys' game may decrease the injury rates, especially in the tournament setting.
Induced physical distension of rat mammary glands accelerates the onset of apoptosis and involution compared with milk accumulation alone : Brief Communication

Objective: Weaning is a process that results in a reduction in milk secretion, an increase in mammary epithelial cell (MEC) apoptosis, and involution of the mammary gland. The local mechanisms initiating MEC apoptosis and involution are unclear, although the physical morphology of the MEC may influence cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication and thus may alter function. This study examined the effect of physical distension of alveoli on the early molecular events that occur at the onset of involution of rat mammary glands. Methods: Mammary tissue was collected post-mortem from lactating Sprague-Dawley rats at 0, 1, 3, and 6 h (n=6 per time point) following acute physical distension of an inguinal gland with isosmotic sucrose solution (0.8 ml; equivalent to ~6 h worth of milk accumulation) via the teat canal followed by sealing with adhesive (infused). The remaining teats on each rat were either left unsealed for pups to suckle (control), or were sealed to induce milk accumulation and mammary engorgement (engorged). Results: There was a low number of positive in situ-end labeled (ISEL) nuclei in suckled control glands indicating they had a low number of cells with fragmented DNA or were apoptotic. However, there was a greater number of ISEL nuclei in sucrose-infused and milk-engorged teat-sealed glands by 1 and 6 h, respectively, such that these changes were accelerated by sucrose infusion, compared with milk accumulation alone. The timing of the decline in abundance of β1-integrin (cell-extracellular matrix protein) and occludin (tight junction protein), and increase in abundance of the activated apoptotic marker signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (pSTAT3) protein were also accelerated by sucrose infusion. Conclusion: Physical distension by sucrose infusion accelerated the onset of the first stage of mammary apoptosis and involution, supporting a role for mechanotransduction during these processes.
Wide angle effects in future galaxy surveys

Current and future galaxy surveys cover a large fraction of the entire sky with a significant redshift range, and the recent theoretical development shows that general relativistic effects are present in galaxy clustering on very large scales. This t rend has renewed interest in the wide angle effect in galaxy clustering measurements, in which the distant-observer approximation is often adopted. Using the full wide-angle formula for computing the redshift-space correlation function, we show that compared to the sample variance, the deviation in the redshift-space correlation function from the simple Kaiser formula with the distant-observer approximation is negligible in galaxy surveys such as the SDSS, Euclid and the BigBOSS, if the theoretical prediction from the Kaiser formula is properly averaged over the survey volume. We also find corrections to the wide-angle formula and cl arify the confusion in literature between the wide angle effect and the velocity contribution in galaxy clustering. However, when the FKP method is applied, substantial deviations can be present in the power spectrum analysis in future surveys, due to the non-uniform distribu tion of galaxy pairs.
Motility and ultrastructure of large granular lymphocytes on lipid bilayers reconstituted with adhesion receptors LFA-1, ICAM-1, and two isoforms of LFA-3

Large granular lymphocytes, mediators of NK activity, bind to other cells using both the LFA (lymphocyte function-associated)-1-ICAM and the CD2-LFA-3 adhesion pathways. Here we have studied the motility and ultrastructure of large granule lymphocyte (LGL) on lipid bilayers containing purified LFA-1, ICAM-1, and the transmembrane and glycophosphatidylinositol isoforms of LFA-3. LGLs moved at 8 microns/min on ICAM-1 but poorly (less than 1 microns/min) on its receptor pair LFA-1. TM-LFA-3 promoted locomotion at a rate close to ICAM-1, whereas the cells were less motile on GPI-LFA-3. The difference in the rates of locomotion on the two isoforms of LFA-3 is presumably attributable to their difference in anchoring and lateral mobility in the bilayer. In spite of the variation in motility the ultrastructure of the adhering cells was similar on all four ligands. LGLs contacted the membrane variably, i.e., cells adhering only in a few small areas or in larger areas were detected on each ligand. The relative percentage of the plasma membrane facing the lipid bilayer was greatest on ICAM-1 and least on the transmembrane isoform of LFA-3, demonstrating no correlation with motility. The ratio of adjacent plasma membrane to lipid bilayer was virtually constant for all four ligands. Activation of the LGLs with a combination of CD2 mAb T11(2) and T11(3) (T11(2/3) mAb) reduced the movement on ICAM-1 and virtually immobilized the cells on the other bilayers. In the presence of T11(2/3) mAb, the area of cell membrane attaching to bilayers containing ICAM-1 and GPI-LFA-3 was decreased and the percentage of plasma membrane facing other cells was increased. No preferential orientation of the Golgi apparatus or degranulation was detected in the absence or presence of T11(2/3) mAb, but a significantly lower percentage of LGLs on ICAM-1 contained a profile of the Golgi apparatus after exposure to T11(2/3) mAb. The results demonstrate that the motility of LGLs depends on the type of receptor in the opposing bilayer, the receptor mobility in the bilayer, and the activation of the cells. The ultrastructure of LGLs binding to any of the adhesion molecules does not have the characteristics of LGLs in cytolytic contact with target cells, suggesting that the mediation of an attack on a target requires more complex stimulus than any one of the single adhesion proteins tested here.
Spectral Approximation of Multiplication Operators

A linear operator on a Hilbert space may be approximated with finite matrices by choosing an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space. For an operator that is not compact such approximations cannot converge in the norm topology on the space of operators. Multiplication operators on spaces of L2 functions are never compact; for them we consider how well the eigenval- ues of the matrices approximate the spectrum of the multiplication operator, which is the essential range of the multiplier. The choice of the orthonormal basis strongly affects the convergence. Toeplitz matrices arise when using the Fourier basis of exponentials exp(ikθ). We also consider the basis of Legendre polynomials and the basis of Walsh functions.
Dynamic Model of Class-E Inverter With Multifrequency Averaged Analysis

This paper presents a novel dynamic model of a single-switch class-E inverter. Both the transient and steady-state behaviors of main variables are derived using a multifrequency averaged (MFA) modeling method. The analysis of the boundary conditions reveals that, under some approximations, the performance of the generalized averaged model is close to that of the “exact” or topological one. A detailed analysis of the errors and limitations of the model has been derived. Contrary to other class-E inverter models, based on the input-output behavioral black-box approach, the MFA modeling technique leads to a large-signal knowledge-based model. The advantage of this type of model is that it is applicable to a wide set of analysis and control design tools. The proposed model is verified by comparing the MFA, state-space, and experimental results, showing good agreement for the dynamic behavior of the inverter under supply voltage modulation and also for the frequency and phase modulation of the input control signal.
Towards a neurophysiological signature for fibromyalgia

Abstract Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) show characteristically enhanced unpleasantness to painful and nonpainful sensations accompanied by altered neural responses. The diagnostic potential of such neural alterations, including their sensitivity and specificity to FM (vs healthy controls) is unknown. We identify a brain signature that characterizes FM central pathophysiology at the neural systems level. We included 37 patients with FM and 35 matched healthy controls, and analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to (1) painful pressure and (2) nonpainful multisensory (visual–auditory–tactile) stimulation. We used machine-learning techniques to identify a brain-based FM signature. When exposed to the same painful stimuli, patients with FM showed greater neurologic pain signature (NPS; Wager et al., 2013. An fMRI-based neurologic signature of physical pain. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1388–97) responses. In addition, a new pain-related classifier (“FM-pain”) revealed augmented responses in sensory integration (insula/operculum) and self-referential (eg, medial prefrontal) regions in FM and reduced responses in the lateral frontal cortex. A “multisensory” classifier trained on nonpainful sensory stimulation revealed augmented responses in the insula/operculum, posterior cingulate, and medial prefrontal regions and reduced responses in the primary/secondary sensory cortices, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Combined activity in the NPS, FM pain, and multisensory patterns classified patients vs controls with 92% sensitivity and 94% specificity in out-of-sample individuals. Enhanced NPS responses partly mediated mechanical hypersensitivity and correlated with depression and disability (Puncorrected < 0.05); FM-pain and multisensory responses correlated with clinical pain (Puncorrected < 0.05). The study provides initial characterization of individual patients with FM based on pathophysiological, symptom-related brain features. If replicated, these brain features may constitute objective neural targets for therapeutic interventions. The results establish a framework for assessing therapeutic mechanisms and predicting treatment response at the individual level.
MODELING THE FLOW DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL VODOPJANIKHA STATIONS ON MASTROIANNI STAGE

In this article the tasks of modeling the flow distribution are considered, and since the consumers of this system are pumping stations, the first place is put forward not social (as in the second rise), and economic (energy) criteria. The water pressure at the pump inlets is determined by the geodesic levels of the pumps. In wells can be installed various pumping equipment, different in pressure and performance, resulting in a significant difference in the pressure produced by the pumping equipment. In the wells can be installed various pumping equipment, different in pressure and performance, as a result of which there is a significant difference in the pressure generated by the pumping equipment. The article presents a transformed version of the nonlinear and linear models of operational management as applied to water-lifting stations. The governance model allows tracking the transition of the system to a new state and the change of parameters along individual lines within this transition. Herewith, if from two wells the water supply to the manifold increases in accordance with a given forecast, then from the third - the water supply decreases. According to the results of modeling of water supply stations can be built throttle characteristic. The synthesis of throttle characteristics obtained on the basis of the operational control model allows for the operational control of the water supply modes to the clean water tank, which is an alternative to direct modeling. Both methods can be implemented as part of the operation of automated control systems for pump stations I and II lifting. The most interesting is the scheme of water supply stations without back pressure with the predominant location of wells with less powerful submersible pumps closer to the area of low pressures in the collector nodes. The results of numerical simulation are presented in the form of throttle characteristics, that is, the dependence of the flow rate of water supplied from a well by a submersible pump through a choke, on its hydraulic resistance coefficient. Due to the throttle characteristics, it is possible to determine the extremely high value of the water flow entering the clean water tank, as well as the possibility of modeling the most economical mode of operation of wells.