Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twitter analysis of the orthodontic patient experience with braces vs Invisalign.

OBJECTIVE To examine the orthodontic patient experience having braces compared with Invisalign by means of a large-scale Twitter sentiment analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A custom data collection program was created that collected tweets containing the words "braces" or "Invisalign" for a period of 5 months. A hierarchal Naïve Bayes sentiment analysis classifier was developed to sort the tweets into five categories: positive, negative, neutral, advertisement, or not applicable. Each category was then analyzed for specific content. RESULTS A total of 419,363 tweets applicable to orthodontics were collected. Users posted significantly more positive tweets (61%) than they did negative tweets (39%; P ≤ .0001). There was no significant difference in the distribution of positive and negative sentiment between braces and Invisalign tweets (P = .4189). Positive orthodontics-related tweets often highlighted gratitude for a great smile accompanied with selfies. Negative orthodontic tweets frequently focused on pain. CONCLUSION Twitter users expressed more positive than negative sentiment about orthodontic treatment with no significant difference in sentiment between braces and Invisalign tweets.
Fluorescence Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Status of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCS) in Breast Cancer: From Cell Models to Metastatic Patients

The Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expressed in normal breast tissue and breast tumors has been suggested as a new prognostic biomarker in breast cancer (BC). Besides, increasing evidence supports the view that the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predicts outcome in early and metastatic BC. Consequently, an evaluation of VDR expression in the CTCs of BC patients may allow optimization of their treatment. As an attempt to profile and subtype the CTCs of metastatic patients, we established an innovative fluorescence technique using nine BC cell lines to visualize, define, and compare their individual VDR status. Afterwards, we tested the CTC presence and VDR expression in blood samples (cytospins) collected from 23 metastatic BC patients. The results demonstrated major differences in the VDR levels among the nine cell lines, and VDR positive CTCs were detected in 46% of CTC-positive patients, with a total of 42 CTCs individually analyzed. Due to the limited number of patients in this study, no correlation between VDR expression and BC subtype classification (according to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2) could be determined, but our data support the view that VDR evaluation is a potential new prognostic biomarker to help in the optimization of therapy management for BC patients.
Insect frass in stored cereal products as a potential source of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis for sourdough ecosystem

Insect frass samples were collected from Drosophila melanogaster, Plodia interpunctella, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum to elucidate if they can be the origin of Type I sourdough micro‐organisms (Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Candida milleri).
Antimalarial, Anticancer, Antimicrobial activities and chemical constituents of essential oil from the aerial parts of Cyperus kyllingia Endl

The chemical constituents of the essential oil from Cyperus kyllingia Endl . were analyzed by a GC, GC-MS. Twenty-three compounds were identified, accounting for 93.75% of the total oil that consisted mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (53.52%), particularly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (38.97%), and carboxylic acid (1.26%). The most representative compounds were α-cadinol (19.32 %), caryophyllene oxide (12.17%), α- muurolol (11.58 %), α-humulene (9.85%), and α-atlantone (6.07%). The oil showed significant activities against Plasmodium falcipalum (K1, multi drug resistant strain) and NCI-H187 (Small Cell Lung Cancer) with the IC 50 values of 7.52 and 7.72 µ g/mL, respectively. The oil exhibited highly active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and moderately active against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27553, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans.
Factors Affecting Accuracy in Image Translation based on Generative Adversarial Network

With the development of deep learning, image translation has made it possible to output more realistic and highly accurate images. Especially, with the advent of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), it became possible to perform general purpose learning in various image translation tasks such as “drawings to paintings”, “male to female” and “day to night”. In recent works, several models have been proposed that can do unsupervised learning which does not require an explicit pair of source domain image and target domain image, which is conventionally required for image translation. Two models called “CycleGAN” and “DiscoGAN” have appeared as state-of-the-art models in unsupervised learning-based image translation and succeeded in creating more realistic and highly accurate images. These models share the same network architecture, although there are differences in detailed parameter settings and learning algorithms. (in this paper we will collectively refer to them as “learning techniques”) Both models can do similar translation tasks, but it turned out that there is a large difference in translation accuracy between particular image domains. In this study, we analyzed differences in learning techniques of these models and investigated which learning techniques affect translation accuracy. As a result, it was found that the difference in the size of the feature map, which is the input for the image creation, affects the accuracy.
Clostridium difficile Infection and Risk of Colectomy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Bias-adjusted Meta-analysis

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and is associated with worse outcome. Variable rates of colectomy have been reported among IBD complicated by CDI. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to assess the association between CDI and colectomy among patients with IBD. Methods: The literature was systematically searched using PubMed from inception through April 2016. Studies were limited to cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies reporting colectomy risk stratified by CDI in patients with IBD. We estimated summary ORs and 95% CIs using the quality-effects model. Study quality was assessed using an adaptation of the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results: Six studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 8 data sets. Results from meta-analysis showed that CDI was a significant risk factor for colectomy among patients with IBD, mainly patients with ulcerative colitis, almost doubling the odds (OR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.23–2.93). There was significant heterogeneity across studies (Q = 22.02, P < 0.001; I2 = 68%). Funnel plots were grossly asymmetrical. Results of sensitivity analysis restricting studies to those reporting ulcerative colitis only and studies using laboratory tests to confirm CDI were consistent with the result from the main analysis. Conclusions: CDI is a significant risk factor for colectomy in patients with IBD. Further research is needed to investigate the attributable risks of surgery due to CDI among patients with Crohn's disease.
A Minimal Model for Forest Fire Regimes

We show in this article how the characteristics of fire recurrence in forests can be theoretically derived from simple information concerning forest morphology. The task is accomplished by means of a minimal model encapsulating a few assumptions on the interactions between overstory and understory species and on the mechanisms of fire development and transmission. The main difference with other models for fire prediction and simulation is that, here, fire is an endogenous variable with purely deterministic dynamics. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that fire recurrence can be chaotic for parameter values corresponding to Mediterranean forests. By contrast, the model shows that boreal forests and savannas have the tendency to experience periodic fires. These general results are in agreement with the studies carried out on many different forests in this century.
The immunoglobulin superfamily member CD200R identifies cells involved in type 2 immune responses

The pathology of allergic diseases involves type 2 immune cells, such as Th2, ILC2, and basophils exerting their effect by production of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13. However, surface receptors that are specifically expressed on type 2 immune cells are less well documented. The aim of this investigation was to identify surface markers associated with type 2 inflammation.
PLATE END DEBONDING FAILURES OF FRP - OR STEEL-PLATED RC BEAMS: A NEW STRENGTH MODEL

RC beams strengthened in flexure by bonding an FRP or steel plate to the tension face can fail by debonding at or near the plate end in a number of different modes. This paper presents a simple，rationally-based predictive model for such plate end debonding failures. In this model, pure flexural debonding for a plate end located in a pure bending region and pure shear debonding for a plate end located in a high-shear zero (or low)-moment region are first dealt with. The general case of a plate end under the combined action of shear and bending is treated as the interaction of these two extreme conditions. The proposed model is shown to be accurate through comparisons with available test results. The model relates the debonding failure load to the shear capacity of the beam and a number of well-defined parameters, and can be easily incorporated in any national or international design codes and guidelines.
Epidemiology of urolithiasis consultations in the Paraíba Valley Epidemiologia dos atendimentos por urolitíase no Vale do Paraíba

Objective: to know the epidemiological profile of patients with urolithiasis in the Paraíba Valley region, identifying its prevalence and spatial distribution. Method: we conducted a cross-sectional study, by residence location in the Paraíba Valley, on morbidity data due to urolithiasis obtained from the DATASUS, covering the period between 2010 and 2012. We aimed at identifying the general, male and female prevalence of urolithiasis, the distribution by age, type of visit, year season and spatial distribution. Results: there were 1,901 visits for urolithiasis in the 35 municipalities of the Paraíba Valley in the three years studied, 52.3% of them of female patients. Of the total, 70.1% of the visits were emergency ones. The feminine visits (67.2%) were mostly also urgent (p <0.01). The overall prevalence for urolithiasis was 31.7/100,000. Male prevalence was 30.7/100,000, and the female, 32.7/100,000 (p>0.05). The prevalence ratio was 0.9 men for every woman. The age group with the highest prevalence was between 30 and 39 years, with 23.1%. Warm seasons concentrated 51.6% of cases, while 48.8% occurred in the cold ones (p>0.05). Conclusion: women are more affected by urolithiasis than the male in the Paraíba Valley region, an unprecedented in the literature. There was no relationship between the year season and the disease. We identified municipalities where preventive actions of urinary lithogenesis are required.
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Monocentric Study of 215 Patients With a Minimum of 4-Year Follow-up

Study Design: A retrospective clinical study. Objective: This study sought to retrospectively compare the mid-term to long-term outcomes between unilateral pedicle screw (UPS) and bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) augmented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in lumbar degenerative diseases. Summary of Background Data: Recently, UPS fixation has been applied in TLIF, for its satisfactory clinical outcome, less implants and less invasiveness. However, only short-term outcome has been reported, the mid-term to long-term outcome has not been well characterized. Materials and Methods: From June 2007 to February 2011, 215 of 348 consecutive patients suffering from lumbar degenerative diseases were operated in our hospital and accomplished a minimum of 4-year follow-up. These patients were divided into 2 groups according to the operative techniques: UPS group (n=109), and bilateral pedicle screw group (n=106). Operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, hospital bill, fusion status, and complications were recorded and analyzed statistically. Visual analog scale, Oswestry disability index, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were used to assess the preoperative and postoperative pain and functional outcome. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 52.2 months. A significant decrease occurred in operative time, blood loss, and hospital bill in unilateral group, compared with bilateral group (P<0.05). The average postoperative visual analog scale, Oswestry disability index, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores improved significantly in each group than the preoperative counterparts (P<0.05); however, there were no significant difference between groups at any follow-up time point (P>0.05). No statistically difference was detected regarding fusion rate and complication rate between the 2 groups (P>0.05), except the cage migration rate (P<0.05). Conclusions: UPS fixation could achieve satisfactory clinical outcome similar to bilateral fixation in TLIF at a mid-term to long-term follow-up. To avoid cage migration, bullet-shaped cages should not be used in the unilateral group.
TagPies: Comparative Visualization of Textual Data

A TagPie is a novel tag cloud layout that arranges the tags belonging to multiple data categories in a pie chart manner. Motivated from research in classical philology, TagPies were designed to support the comparative analysis of classical terminology. In this scenario, the data categories represent the co-occurrences of different searched keywords, so that the comparison of the contexts in which these keywords were used becomes possible using TagPies. This paper illustrates the iterative development of TagPies, which aid as a distant reading view on a text corpus for humanities scholars. We outline various steps of our collaborative digital humanities project, and we emphasize the utility of the proposed design by outlining various usage scenarios representing current research questions in classical philology.
Annual Research Review: Suicide among youth – epidemiology, (potential) etiology, and treatment

BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death and a complex clinical outcome. Here, we summarize the current state of research pertaining to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth. We review their definitions/measurement and phenomenology, epidemiology, potential etiological mechanisms, and psychological treatment and prevention efforts. RESULTS We identify key patterns and gaps in knowledge that should guide future work. Regarding epidemiology, the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth varies across countries and sociodemographic populations. Despite this, studies are rarely conducted cross-nationally and do not uniformly account for high-risk populations. Regarding etiology, the majority of risk factors have been identified within the realm of environmental and psychological factors (notably negative affect-related processes), and most frequently using self-report measures. Little research has spanned across additional units of analyses including behavior, physiology, molecules, cells, and genes. Finally, there has been growing evidence in support of select psychotherapeutic treatment and prevention strategies, and preliminary evidence for technology-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS There is much work to be done to better understand suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth. We strongly encourage future research to: (1) continue improving the conceptualization and operationalization of suicidal thoughts and behaviors; (2) improve etiological understanding by focusing on individual (preferably malleable) mechanisms; (3) improve etiological understanding also by integrating findings across multiple units of analyses and developing short-term prediction models; (4) demonstrate greater developmental sensitivity overall; and (5) account for diverse high-risk populations via sampling and reporting of sample characteristics. These serve as initial steps to improve the scientific approach, knowledge base, and ultimately prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth.
Diffusion of Iodine and Rhenium in Category 3 Waste Encasement Concrete and Soil Fill Material

Assessing long-term performance of Category 3 waste cement grouts for radionuclide encasement requires knowledge of the radionuclide-cement interactions and mechanisms of retention (i.e. sorption or precipitation). This understanding will enable accurate prediction of radionuclide fate when the waste forms come in contact with groundwater. A set of diffusion experiments using carbonated and non-carbonated concrete-soil half cells was conducted under unsaturated conditions (4% and 7% by wt moisture content). Spiked concrete half-cell specimens were prepared with and without colloidal metallic iron addition and were carbonated using supercritical carbon dioxide. Spikes of I and Re were added to achieve measurable diffusion profile in the soil part of the half-cell. In addition, properties of concrete materials likely to influence radionuclide migration such as carbonation were evaluated in an effort to correlate these properties with the release of iodine and rhenium.
Preparation of chondroitin sulfate-adipic acid dihydrazide-doxorubicin conjugate and its antitumour characteristics against LLC cells

Abstract Macromolecule–antitumour drug conjugates can reach tumour sites specifically via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. It is desirable to release the drug efficiently from the conjugate at acidic pH in the tumour tissue or in the endosomes of cancer cells. In this study, we attempted to produce a carrier system with a labile chemical bond at acidic pH. Adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH)-chondroitin sulfate (CS) (termed CS-ACH) was synthesised by a two-step method, with the introduction of formyl groups followed by reductive amination using ADH. Doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated to CS-ACH by simple mixing at acidic pH. The conjugate, designated CS-ACH-DOX, showed gradual drug release pH dependently at 37 °C; after incubation for seven days, more than 60% of DOX was released at pH 4, whereas less than 20% was released at pH 7. CS-ACH-DOX showed in vitro cytotoxicity against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, which was less effective than that of DOX itself. However, CS-ACH-DOX inhibited tumour growth more than DOX in LLC tumour-bearing mice. These results suggested that CS-ACH-DOX might accumulate in tumours via the EPR effect and release DOX effectively at acidic pH. CS-ACH-DOX was considered to act as a drug delivery system with tumour targeting.
Information for : Delayed biological recovery from extinctions throughout the fossil record

Randomization methods offer two important advantages over classical estimates of statistical significance. First, one need not be able to mathematically derive the distribution of possible outcomes under the null hypothesis, since one can construct it by simulation instead. Second, the original data need not obey any particular distribution, since any of their potentially troublesome features (skew, outliers, etc.) can be incorporated in the randomized data sets as well. In our case, this is easily accomplished by generating the randomized data sets by reshuffling the time-series sequence of the original data values themselves. This has the effect of eliminating any cross-correlation between extinctions and originations (except that which arises by chance) in the randomized data, while retaining the original distributions of the extinction and origination data themselves.
Examining Depletion Theories Under Conditions of Within-Task Transfer

In everyday life, mental fatigue can be detrimental across many domains including driving, learning, and working. Given the importance of understanding and accounting for the deleterious effects of mental fatigue on behavior, a growing body of literature has studied the role of motivational and executive control processes in mental fatigue. In typical laboratory paradigms, participants complete a task that places demand on these self-control processes and are later given a subsequent task. Generally speaking, decrements to subsequent task performance are taken as evidence that the initial task created mental fatigue through the continued engagement of motivational and executive functions. Several models have been developed to account for negative transfer resulting from this “ego depletion. ” In the current study, we provide a brief literature review, specify current theoretical approaches to ego-depletion, and report an empirical test of current models of depletion. Across 4 experiments we found minimal evidence for executive control depletion along with strong evidence for motivation mediated ego depletion.
Self-Monitoring and Self-Protective Biases in Use of Consensus Information to Predict One's Own Behavior

It is often important and useful for people to predict their own behavior in novel situations. Although theory suggests that such predictions should be based at least in part on consensus information, some past research in this area suggests that people ignore it. Previous investigators have argued that, instead of using consensus information, people predict their own behavior on the basis of their personal histories. Two studies reported in this article demonstrate that people are willing to make use of consensus information in predicting their own behavior. However, self-monitoring is found to regulate consensus information use. High self-monitors are more responsive to complimentary consensus information than are low self-monitors, and low self-monitors are more responsive to threatening consensus information than are high self-monitors.
Supplementary Information for “ Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Slow Light with Optomechanics ”

With the pump detuned from the cavity by a two-photon detuning ∆, the spectral selectivity of the optical cavity causes the sideband populations to be skewed in a drastic fashion. It is then an acceptable approximation to neglect one of these sidebands, depending on whether the pump is on the red or blue side of the cavity. When the pump resides on the red side (∆OC > 0), the α+ is reduced and can be neglected. This is the rotating wave approximation (RWA) and is valid so long as ∆ κ. Then Eqs. (S3-S4) may be solved for the reflection and transmission coefficients r(ωs) and t(ωs) of the side-coupled cavity system. We find that
Hypoexcitability precedes denervation in the large fast-contracting motor units in two unrelated mouse models of ALS

Hyperexcitability has been suggested to contribute to motoneuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). If this is so, and given that the physiological type of a motor unit determines the relative susceptibility of its motoneuron in ALS, then one would expect the most vulnerable motoneurons to display the strongest hyperexcitability prior to their degeneration, whereas the less vulnerable should display a moderate hyperexcitability, if any. We tested this hypothesis in vivo in two unrelated ALS mouse models by correlating the electrical properties of motoneurons with their physiological types, identified based on their motor unit contractile properties. We found that, far from being hyperexcitable, the most vulnerable motoneurons become unable to fire repetitively despite the fact that their neuromuscular junctions were still functional. Disease markers confirm that this loss of function is an early sign of degeneration. Our results indicate that intrinsic hyperexcitability is unlikely to be the cause of motoneuron degeneration.