Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transparent driver-kernel isolation with VMM intervention

How to satisfy the on-demand environment while providing highly dependable services with minimum cost is a challenging issue. Improvements in the reusability of virtualization technology have enabled operating system's adaptability, which helps users customize their application environments by using various types and versions of operating systems and drivers. However, driver faults in virtual machine are a critical obstacle to achieve reliable user environment, and may even harm the reliability of the entire server. This paper describes Chariot which transparently isolates drivers in a virtual machine without affecting the reusability of the virtualization environment. An isolation loading mechanism links an isolated driver with monitoring wrappers in a virtual machine, which avoids modifying the VM kernel and drivers. According to the monitoring information, Chariot not only instantaneously updates the access control table which records the memory used by the driver, but also sets the write protection of the shadow page table which is corresponding to the whole kernel space of the virtual machine. As a result, the write operations of a driver can be captured and examined in advance. Experimental results show that Chariot can effectively isolate driver faults and improve the reliability of the operating system in a virtual machine. Furthermore, Chariot can be easily extended to isolate new drivers and ported to other versions of operating systems.
Atomoxetine restores the response inhibition network in Parkinson’s disease

Impairments in response inhibition in Parkinson’s disease may reflect loss of noradrenaline and impaired fronto-subcortical connectivity. Rae et al. show that the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine can restore functional connectivity in the inhibition network. Individual treatment responses depend on disease severity, plasma drug concentration and anatomical connectivity within the network.
Species climate range influences hydraulic and stomatal traits in Eucalyptus species

Background and Aims Plant hydraulic traits influence the capacity of species to grow and survive in water-limited environments, but their comparative study at a common site has been limited. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether selective pressures on species originating in drought-prone environments constrain hydraulic traits among related species grown under common conditions. Methods Leaf tissue water relations, xylem anatomy, stomatal behaviour and vulnerability to drought-induced embolism were measured on six Eucalyptus species growing in a common garden to determine whether these traits were related to current species climate range and to understand linkages between the traits. Key Results Hydraulically weighted xylem vessel diameter, leaf turgor loss point, the water potential at stomatal closure and vulnerability to drought-induced embolism were significantly ( P < 0·05) correlated with climate parameters from the species range. There was a co-ordination between stem and leaf parameters with the water potential at turgor loss, 12 % loss of conductivity and the point of stomatal closure significantly correlated. Conclusions The correlation of hydraulic, stomatal and anatomical traits with climate variables from the species' original ranges suggests that these traits are genetically constrained. The conservative nature of xylem traits in Eucalyptus trees has important implications for the limits of species responses to changing environmental conditions and thus for species survival and distribution into the future, and yields new information for physiological models.
Achieving 90-90-90 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Targets Will Not Be Enough to Achieve the HIV Incidence Reduction Target in Australia

Background We estimated the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence reduction in Australia that would correspond to achieving the United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets by 2020 and extended targets of 95-95-95 by 2030. This was done in combination with various scale-ups of HIV testing, primary prevention, and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM). These projections were evaluated against the target of achieving a 90% reduction in HIV incidence by 2030 compared with 2010 levels. Methods A mathematical model. Results Achieving 90-90-90 by 2020 was estimated to reduce incidence by 10% from 2010 levels. Achieving 95-95-95 by 2030 was estimated to reduce incidence by 17% from 2010 levels, with the first "95" being achievable by testing low- and high-risk MSM 2 and 4 times per year, respectively. This was improved to a 34% reduction by including a 5-year scale-up of PrEP to 30% coverage among high-risk MSM and to 45% by also increasing MSM condom use from 42% to 60%. However, even with 95-95-95, 2 and 4 tests per year for low- and high-risk MSM, 100% high-risk MSM PrEP coverage, and 100% MSM condom use, only an 80% reduction in incidence was possible by 2030. Conclusions Many countries, particularly those with low HIV prevalence, will struggle to achieve a 90% reduction in HIV incidence by 2030, even if UNAIDS targets are met. Most will require substantially higher levels of prevention coverage and higher testing frequencies to reach this target.
A single‐switch cascaded high step‐up voltage converter with 95% maximum efficiency for renewable energy systems

This paper proposes a novel nonisolated single‐switch cascaded high step‐up converter. The converter consists of coupled inductors, a clamp circuit, and cascaded capacitors to achieve high step‐up voltage output. Only one switch is used in the proposed converter; the switch can reduce cost efficiently and simplify the control of the proposed converter. The converter also possesses an energy‐recycle mechanism for recycling the spike energy of a leakage inductor. In addition, a clamp circuit is used to reduce voltage‐stress across the switch, and a cascaded design is used to reduce voltage‐stress across diodes and output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can select a low‐voltage stress switch for reducing circuit loss and improving the efficiency of the converter. Finally, in this study, a 400‐W nonisolated cascaded high step‐up converter was implemented, of which the input and output voltages are 48 and 400 V, respectively. A microcontroller dsPIC30F4011 was used to control the converter and verify system effects and feasibility. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter is 95% and the efficiency under a full load is 93%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The five‐factor model of personality, work stress and professional quality of life in neonatal intensive care unit nurses

AIMS The study aim was to determine the direct and indirect relations of the five-factor model of personality traits and work stress with professional quality of life in neonatal nurses. BACKGROUND Neonatal intensive care nursing has positive and negative effects on neonatal nurses' psychological well-being. Although individual and situational factors interact to influence professional quality of life, there have been few studies of these relationships in neonatal nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional study conducted in 2016. METHODS Self-report questionnaires were used to measure professional quality of life (burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction), five-factor model of personality traits (neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness) and work stress (role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload). RESULTS One hundred and forty (34%) of 405 eligible neonatal nurses provided the data. After controlling for work stress, neuroticism and agreeableness were related to burnout, neuroticism was related to secondary traumatic stress, and extraversion was related to compassion satisfaction. Work stress controlled for personality traits was related to burnout and secondary traumatic stress, but not to compassion satisfaction. Neuroticism moderated the effect of work stress on secondary traumatic stress and agreeableness and openness moderated the effect of work stress on compassion satisfaction. Work stress mediated the effect of neuroticism and extraversion on burnout and the effects of extraversion and conscientiousness on compassion satisfaction. CONCLUSION Strategies to reduce work stress may not lessen burnout and secondary traumatic stress or increase compassion satisfaction in neonatal nurses who are prone to high neuroticism, low agreeableness and low extraversion.
Devices and Data and Agents, Oh My

With the advent of DIY smart homes and the Internet of Things comes the emergence of user interfaces for domestic human-building interaction. However, the design trade-offs between the different representations of a smart home’s capabilities are still not well-understood. In this work, we examine how four different smart home abstractions affect end users’ mental models of a hypothetical system. We develop four questionnaires, each of which describes the same hypothetical smart home using a different abstraction, and then we collect responses depicting desired smart home applications from over 1,500 Mechanical Turk workers. We find that the choice of abstraction strongly primes end users’ responses. In particular, the purely device-oriented abstraction results in the most limited scenarios, suggesting that if we want users to associate smart home technologies with valuable high-level applications we should shift the UI paradigm for the Internet of Things from device-oriented control to other abstractions that inspire a greater diversity of interactions.
Systematic analysis of gene expression alterations and clinical outcomes of adenylate cyclase-associated protein in cancer

Adenylate Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that regulates actin dynamics. Our previous study indicates that CAP1 is overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcomes, but CAP1 in HeLa cells actually inhibited migration and invasion, the role of CAP was discrepancy in different cancer types. The present study aims to determine whether CAP can serve as a prognostic marker in human cancers. The CAP expression was assessed using Oncomine database to determine the gene alteration during carcinogenesis, the copy number alteration, or mutations of CAP using cBioPortal, International Cancer Genome Consortium, and Tumorscape database investigated, and the association between CAP expression and the survival of cancer patient using Kaplan-Meier plotter and PrognoScan database evaluated. Therefore, the functional correlation between CAP expression and cancer phenotypes can be established; wherein CAP might serve as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for certain types of cancers.
Possible selection of host folate pathway gene polymorphisms in patients with malaria from a malaria endemic region in North East India.

BACKGROUND Recent studies in experimental mice have shown that mild deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme confers protection against malaria, thus providing an important basis for the hypothesis that MTHFR polymorphism, i.e. C677T, might have been subjected to selection pressure against malaria. The present study was undertaken in a malaria endemic region in North East India to assess whether a similar selection advantage exists for other genes in folate metabolism pathway. METHODS A total of 401 subjects including 131 symptomatic malaria, 97 asymptomatic malaria and 173 normal healthy controls were analysed for nine polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in eight genes and insertion/deletion in one gene): MTHFR C677T, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) C1561T, cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) 844ins68, reduced folate carrier-1 (RFC-1) G80A, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) C1420T, methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G, MTHFR G1793A (D 919G), glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) 1289 by PCR-RFLP technique. Differences in frequencies of genotype distribution of each polymorphic marker between these groups were evaluated. RESULTS MTRR A2756G, SHMT C1420T, GCPII C1561T, MTRR A2756G and GNMT C1289T and RFC1 G80A polymorphisms showed significantly different prevalence between different groups analyzed. No significant differences were seen in the distribution of other polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS The study gives a clue for the possible selection of specific polymorphisms in the genes involved in the folate metabolism pathway by malaria parasite.
Robust robot localization in a complex oil and gas industrial environment

In this paper, we propose a LiDAR‐based robot localization method in a complex oil and gas environment. Localization is achieved in six degrees of freedom (DoF) thanks to a particle filter framework. A new time‐efficient likelihood function, based on a precalculated three‐dimensional likelihood field, is introduced. Experiments are carried out in real environments and their digitized point clouds. Six DoF real‐time localization is achieved with spatial and angular errors of less than 2.5 cm and 1°, respectively, in a real environment of 350m3 . The proposed approach focuses on real‐time performance on embedded platforms. It enabled the Vikings team to win the first two ARGOS Challenge contests.
Age-Related Changes in Field Dependence–Independence and Implications for Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Review

Human aging is a dynamic life-long process and an inevitable experience. As the average age of the world’s population rises, demands for effective geriatric rehabilitation dramatically increase. An important consideration for enhancing geriatric behavioral interventions is to better understand aging characteristics in perceptual, cognitive, and motor performances. A general shift in cognitive style from field independence to field dependence has been consistently observed during human aging, as older adults show a greater tendency to rely on environmental information, presumably reflecting a neuro-compensatory mechanism of reducing top-down control and relying instead on bottom-up processing. These changes in cognitive style can impact motor skill learning and relearning and, consequently, affect geriatric rehabilitation and behavioral treatments. In this article, we review research related to the cognitive style of field dependence and independence, and its dynamic associations with aging. We also identify implications of cognitive style for geriatric rehabilitation and explore future research.
Public Perceptions Regarding Use of Virtual Reality in Health Care: A Social Media Content Analysis Using Facebook

Background Virtual reality (VR) technology provides an immersive environment that enables users to have modified experiences of reality. VR is increasingly used to manage patients with pain, disability, obesity, neurologic dysfunction, anxiety, and depression. However, public opinion regarding the use of VR in health care has not been explored. Understanding public opinion of VR is critical to ensuring effective implementation of this emerging technology. Objective This study aimed to examine public opinion about health care VR using social listening, a method that allows for the exploration of unfiltered views of topics discussed on social media and online forums. Methods In March 2016, NBC News produced a video depicting the use of VR for patient care. The video was repackaged by NowThis, a social media news website, and distributed on Facebook by Upworthy, a news aggregator, yielding 4.3 million views and 2401 comments. We used Microsoft Excel Power Query and ATLAS.ti software (version 7.5, Scientific Software Development) to analyze the comments using content analysis and categorized the comments around first-, second-, and third-order concepts. We determined self-identified gender from the user’s Facebook page and performed sentiment analysis of the language to analyze whether the perception of VR differed by gender using a Pearson’s chi-square test. Results Out of the 1614 analyzable comments, 1021 (63.26%) were attributed to female Facebook users, 572 (35.44%) to male users, and 21 (1.30%) to users of unknown gender. There were 1197 comments coded as expressing a positive perception about VR (74.16%), 251 coded as expressing a negative perception and/or concern (15.56%), and 560 coded as neutral (34.70%). Informants identified 20 use cases for VR in health care, including the use of VR for pain and stress reduction; bed-bound individuals; women during labor; and patients undergoing chemotherapy, dialysis, radiation, or imaging procedures. Negative comments expressed concerns about radiation, infection risk, motion sickness, and the ubiquity of and overall dependence on technology. There was a statistically significant association between the language valence of the Facebook post and the gender of the Facebook user; men were more likely to post negative perceptions about the use of VR for health care, whereas women were more likely to post positive perceptions (P<.001). Conclusions Most informants expressed positive perceptions about the use of VR in a wide range of health care settings. However, many expressed concerns that should be acknowledged and addressed as health care VR continues to evolve. Our results provide guidance in determining where further research on the use of VR in patient care is needed, and offer a formal opportunity for public opinion to shape the VR research agenda.
Long-term Risk of Cancer Following Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis

Background The overall risk of cancer following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA] is unknown, and pouch cancer surveillance is controversial. We evaluated long-term risk of cancer in a national cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis and IPAA, with emphasis on pouch cancer. Methods Data on incident cancers were extracted from the national Danish Cancer Registry. Incidence rates for all site-specific cancers were compared between patients with IPAA and a gender- and age-matched comparison cohort from the background population to obtain incidence rate ratios [IRRs]. Results A total of 1723 patients with IPAA, operated for ulcerative colitis in the period 1980-2010, were matched to 8615 individuals from the background population. During a median follow-up of 12.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 7.7-19.6 years), two pouch cancers [0.12%] were found after 16 and 27 years, respectively. In the population comparison cohort, 38 intestinal cancers [0.45%] were found, of which 35 were colorectal. The risk of hepatobiliary cancer was higher for patients with IPAA {IRR = 13.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-76.1)}, and half of the affected patients had coexisting primary sclerosing cholangitis. The risk of cancer overall following IPAA was identical to that of the comparison cohort: IRR = 1.05 [0.84-1.31]. Conclusions Pouch cancer following IPAA is very rare, questioning the need for general, rather than selective, surveillance. The overall cancer risk is comparable to that of the background population, and the increased risk of hepatobiliary cancer is likely an effect of coexisting liver disease and not causally related to IPAA.
Political Efficacy and Participation of Nurse Practitioners

Twenty-eight states have laws and regulations limiting the ability of nurse practitioners (NPs) to practice to the full extent of their education and training, thereby preventing patients from fully accessing NP services. Revisions to state laws and regulations require NPs to engage in the political process. Understanding the political engagement of NPs may facilitate the efforts of nurse leaders and nursing organizations to promote change in state rules and regulations. The purpose of this study was to describe the political efficacy and political participation of U.S. NPs and gain insight into factors associated with political interest and engagement. In the fall of 2015, we mailed a survey to 2,020 NPs randomly chosen from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners' database and 632 responded (31% response rate). Participants completed the Trust in Government (external political efficacy) and the Political Efficacy (internal political efficacy) scales, and a demographic form. Overall, NPs have low political efficacy. Older age (p≤.001), health policy mentoring (p≤.001), and specific education on health policy (p≤.001) were all positively associated with internal political efficacy and political participation. External political efficacy was not significantly associated with any of the study variables. Political activities of NPs are largely limited to voting and contacting legislators. Identifying factors that engage NPs in grassroots political activities and the broader political arena is warranted, particularly with current initiatives to make changes to state laws and regulations that limit their practice.
Tobacco-Nicotine Education and Training for Health-Care Professional Students and Practitioners: A Systematic Review

Introduction The objective of this systematic review was to investigate what education and training characteristics prepares and supports health-care professionals (HCPs) in the delivery of competent and effective care to clients who use tobacco-nicotine. Aims and Methods A search of eight bibliographic databases for English-language peer-reviewed publications from January 2006 to March 2015. Studies were included if they met the a priori inclusion criteria, which consisted of: (1) quantitative study design and (2) focus on tobacco-nicotine education or training for HCP students and practitioners. All studies were independently screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Data from included studies were extracted for study characteristics and key outcomes then critically appraised for methodological quality. Results Fifty-nine studies were included for narrative synthesis. Two categories emerged: (1) curriculum characteristics (n = 10) and (2) education and training interventions (n = 49). Included curriculum studies identified the following themes: content, intensity, competencies evaluation, and barriers. Study findings about education and training interventions were grouped by level of education (prelicensure, post-licensure, and faculty training), teaching modality, health discipline, and the associated HCP and client outcomes. Conclusions This comprehensive review suggests that there is a lack of consistency in HCP tobacco-nicotine education and training characteristics. This paper provides valuable categorization of the most frequently utilized components of academic curriculum and discusses the interventions in relation to HCP and client outcomes. Gaps in the literature are highlighted, and the need for standardization of tobacco-nicotine training competencies and evaluation is discussed. Future research investigating the most effective approaches to training is needed. Implications This systematic review summarizes existing tobacco-related curriculum components (content, intensity, competency evaluation, and barriers) and training interventions for health-care professionals worldwide and demonstrates that they are associated with positive health-care professional outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills) and client outcomes (quit attempts and smoking abstinence).