Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addition of fat to the diets of lactating sows: I. Effects on milk production and composition and carcass composition of the litter at weaning.

In Exp. 1 two groups of 18 sows were used to evaluate the effects of supplemental dietary fat on sow and litter performance and milk production and composition. Sows were provided ad libitum access to either a corn-soybean meal (control) diet or a similar diet containing 10% tallow. Feed intake, ME intake, and milk yield did not differ (P > .10) between treatments. The percentage of solids in milk was greater (P < .05) for sows fed the tallow diet, due to an increase (P < .05) in the fat and ash content. Compared with percentages of fatty acids in milk of sows fed the control diet, the percentages of C10:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, and C18:3 fatty acids were lower (P < .05) and the percentages of C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acids were higher in milk of sows fed tallow diets (P < .05). In Exp. 2, 30 sows were fed diets similar to those fed in Exp. 1, and the effects of a tallow diet on pig carcass composition at weaning were determined. Litter size was standardized to 10 pigs. There were no differences (P > .10) in ADFI of sows. Daily ME intake was greater for sows fed tallow than for control sows during wk 2 (P < .05), wk 3 (P < .10), and the entire lactation (P < .05) period. Litter weaning weight was greater (P < .05) for pigs from sows fed tallow diets than for pigs from control sows. Pigs from tallow-fed sows had greater carcass fat weight and fat percentages (P < .05) and lower water and protein percentages (P < .05). These data indicate that the increased fat content of milk from sows fed tallow diets resulted in an increased weight gain for litters nursing these sows. The composition of the increased weight gain is almost exclusively fat.
Experimental modeling of hypoxia in pregnancy and early postnatal life

Experimental modeling of hypoxia in pregnancy and early postnatal life The important role of equilibrium of environmental factors during the embryo-fetal period is undisputable. Women of reproductive age are increasingly exposed to various environmental risk factors such as hypoxia, prenatal viral infections, use of drugs, smoking, complications of birth or stressful life events. These early hazards represent an important risk for structural and/or functional maldevelopment of the fetus and neonates. Impairment of oxygen/energy supply during the pre- and perinatal period may affect neuronal functions and induce cell death. Thus when death of the newborn is not occurring following intrauterine hypoxia, various neurological deficits, including hyperactivity, learning disabilities, mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, dystonia etc., may develop both in humans and in experimental animals. In our animal studies we used several approaches for modeling hypoxia in rats during pregnancy and shortly after delivery, i.e. chronic intrauterine hypoxia induced by the antiepileptic drug phenytoin, neonatal anoxia by decreased oxygen saturation in 2-day-old pups. Using these models we were able to test potential protective properties of natural (vitamin E, melatonin) and synthetic (stobadine) compounds. Based on our results, stobadine was also able to reduce hypoxia-induced hyperactivity and the antioxidant capacity of stobadine exceeded that of vitamin E and melatonin, and contrary to vitamin E, stobadine had no adverse effects on developing fetus and offspring.
Gateway Selection in Backbone Wireless Mesh Networks

IEEE 802.11-based backbone mesh networks comprise of static Wireless Mesh Routers (WMRs) which create a wireless multihop backbone to provide high-speed last-mile wireless Internet access to communities. Specialized WMRs called Gateways provide the interconnection between the mesh network and fixed IP networks. Mesh routers perform backhaul routing and may additionally serve as Access Points (APs) for clients. Their main task is to maintain backhaul mesh connectivity and find routes to gateways for clients. An important research problem which has received little attention is the optimal selection of gateway and the route to that gateway by mesh routers within the mesh backbone. We propose an efficient gateway and route selection scheme for backbone mesh networks which can be adopted for upcoming 802.11s mesh standard [1] with minimal changes. Gateway load, route interference and path quality metrics are used to select the best available gateway and the route to that gateway. Simulation results show improved performance compared to schemes using nearest gateway, gateway load metric or the ETX [2] metric for gateway selection.
Alkali vapor laser

The utility model provides an alkali vapor laser. The alkali vapor laser comprises a vapor box including a cavity body for accommodating alkali vapor, and a pump light generator arranged on the peripheral wall of the vapor box for emitting pump light to the cavity body, wherein a first total reflector for reflecting laser beams is arranged outside the first axial end of the vapor box; a second total reflector for reflecting the laser beams is arranged outside the second axial end of the vapor box; an optical element is arranged outside the first axial end; the laser beam emitted by the optical element is higher than the upper end of the first total reflector; and the included angle between the laser beam emitted by the optical element and the second total reflector is an acute angle. The alkali vapor laser can reduce the energy waste of the pump light, and improve the power of the output laser beam thereof.
Perceptual learning in humans: Roles of preexposure schedule, feedback, and discrimination assay

In three experiments, humans received preexposure to two compound flavours (AX and BX: saline–lemon and sucrose–lemon) that were presented either in an intermixed (e.g., AX, BX,… BX, AX,…) or a blocked (e.g., AX, AX,… BX, BX…) fashion. Subsequently, AX was paired with an unpleasant bitter taste, and the discriminability of AX and BX was assessed using the accuracy of same/different judgements and by the extent to which any learned dislike of AX generalized to BX. When participants received feedback about the accuracy of their same/different judgements during preexposure those given intermixed preexposure were more accurate in making these judgements during the test than those given blocked preexposure (Experiments 1 and 2A), however, there was no evidence of any learned dislike in these experiments. In Experiment 2B, in which participants did not receive feedback about the accuracy of their judgements, there was no effect of the preexposure regime on same/different judgements, but there was a learned dislike of AX, and this generalized less to BX in participants given intermixed than in those given blocked preexposure. The beneficial effects of intermixed preexposure are consistent with results from other species (chicks and rats), but the differences created by the presence or absence of feedback place constraints on the analysis of these effects.
Why Breast Cancer Patients Seek Traditional Healers

Traditional healing is a common practice in low and middle income countries such as Malaysia. Eighty percent of Malaysians consult traditional healers or “bomoh” at some time in their life for health-related issues. The purpose of our study was to explore why breast cancer patients visit traditional healers. This is a qualitative study utilizing in-depth interviews with 11 cancer survivors who sought both traditional and Western medicine. The findings revealed the following reasons for which patients seek traditional healers: (1) recommendation from family and friends, (2) sanction from family, (3) perceived benefit and compatibility, (4) healer credibility, and (5) reservation with Western medicine and system delay. These factors work together and are strongly influenced by the Malaysian cultural context. The issue with the Western health system is common in a developing country with limited health facilities.
Identification of roughskin newt medullary vasotocin target neurons with a fluorescent vasotocin conjugate

Arginine8 vasotocin (AVT), a neurohypophyseal peptide in nonmammalian vertebrates, plays a key role in the regulation of social behaviors related to reproduction. In male roughskin newts (Taricha granulosa), AVT is an important facilitator of several reproductive behaviors, including courtship clasping of females. Although AVT is known to act in certain brain regions and AVT receptors have been localized to some extent, specific target neurons for this peptide have not been identified in any species. Internalization of a receptor‐specific conjugate of AVT and the fluorescent dye Oregon green was used to identify AVT target cells in the medulla of male roughskin newts. Medullary neurons are of interest because they appear to mediate facilitation of clasping by AVT. Direct application of AVT‐Oregon green to the fourth ventricular surface of the medulla in vivo resulted in conjugate internalization by a widespread population of medullary neurons, particularly in the medial reticular formation and nuclei of cranial nerves V, VII, VIII, IX, and X. Some fourth‐ventricle ependymal cells were also labeled. Reticulospinal neurons, which play an important role in clasping, were identified by retrograde labeling with tetramethylrhodamine dextran amine. AVT‐Oregon green was internalized by 72% of these neurons. These results show that AVT can directly affect a very large and diverse medullary neuronal population, which may underlie the peptide's role in multiple neuroendocrinological processes, including autonomic and behavioral regulation. Selectivity of the AVT action may arise through interactions between AVT and steroids such as corticosterone. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:381–389, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of a novel ACE inhibitor, 3-(3-thienyl)-l-alanyl-ornithyl-proline, on endothelial vasodilation and hepatotoxicity in l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats

Nitric oxide (NO) is a widespread biological mediator involved in many physiological and pathological processes, eg, in the regulation of vascular tone and hypertension. Chronic inhibition of NO synthase by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) hydrochloride results in the development of hypertension accompanied by an increase in vascular responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli. Recently, we developed a novel sulfur-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: 3-(3-thienyl)-l-alanyl-ornithyl-proline (TOP). Our previous studies indicated a superior nature of the molecule as an antihypertensive agent in spontaneously hypertensive rats (showing the involvement of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system) in comparison to captopril. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of TOP on NO pathway in l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, and captopril was included as the standard treatment group. Treatment with both TOP (20 mg/kg) and captopril (40 mg/kg) prevented the development of hypertension in l-NAME model, but TOP showed better restoration of NO and normal levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme. In addition, in vitro vasorelaxation assay showed an improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in both the cases. Further, the biochemical (malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) and the histopathological effects of TOP on rat liver tissues revealed a protective nature of TOP in comparison to captopril in the l-NAME model. In conclusion, TOP at 50% lesser dose than captopril was found to be better in the l-NAME model.
Transcription factor 7-like 2 gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene polymorphisms were shown to be associated with insulin resistance. We examined two single nucleotide exchanges in this gene in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in women with normal glucose tolerance. Methods: A total of 1800 unselected women were prospectively screened for GDM by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Two hundred and fifty Caucasian women of this collective, 125 patients with pathological OGTT and 125 patients with normal glucose tolerance were randomly selected. DNA samples were isolated and TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms (TCF7L2rs12255372 and TCF7L2rs7903146) were analyzed. Results: Women with GDM were significantly older (30.1 ± 3.4 years vs. 28.2 ± 4.8 years, p = 0.01), had a significantly higher body mass index (26.4 kg/m2; interquartile range: 23.33–31.19 vs. 24.6 kg/m2; interquartile range: 21.05–27.28, p = 0.02) and were significantly more often homozygous for the T allele of TCF7L2rs12255372 (17.2% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.002) than patients with normal glucose tolerance. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the homozygous variant of TCF7L2rs12255372 (T/T) is an independent risk factor for GDM (OR 7.7, 95% CI: 1.71–34.60), but not the homozygous variant of TCF7L2rs7903146 (T/T). Conclusions: TCF7L2rs12255372 variant (T/T) is associated with increased risk of GDM in Caucasian women.
A Worst-Case Optimal Multi-Round Algorithm for Parallel Computation of Conjunctive Queries

We study the optimal communication cost for computing a full conjunctive query Q over p distributed servers. Two prior results were known. First, for one-round algorithms over skew-free data the optimal communication cost per server is m/p^(1/tau*), where m is the size of the largest input relation, and tau* is the fractional vertex covering number of the query hypergraph. Second, for multi-round algorithms and unrestricted database instances, it was shown that any algorithm requires at least m/p^(1/rho*) communication cost per server, where rho* is the fractional edge covering number of the query hypergraph; but no matching algorithms were known for this case (except for two restricted queries: chains and cycles). In this paper we describe a multi-round algorithm that computes any query with load m/p^(1/rho*) per server, in the case when all input relations are binary. Thus, we prove this to be the optimal load for all queries over binary input relations. Our algorithm represents a non-trivial extension of previous algorithms for chains and cycles, and exploits some unique properties of graphs, which no longer hold for hyper-graphs.
HYPERACUTE REJECTION IN SINGLE LUNG TRANSPLANTATION—CASE REPORT OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT BY MEANS OF PLASMAPHERESIS AND ANTITHYMOCYTE GLOBULIN TREATMENT

We describe the third case and first successful treatment of hyperacute rejection in a pulmonary allograft recipient and detail the immediate clinical findings. The patient underwent single right lung transplantation for severe emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Three hours after completion of the vascular anatomoses oxygen desaturation and increased airway pressure was noted in combination with graft edema, frothy, pink fluid draining from the bronchial orifice, hemodynamic instability, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. The retrospective cross-match result was reported to be positive. The clinical diagnosis of hyperacute rejection was made. A donor-specific IgG HLA antibody to A2 was identified. The standard immune suppression regimen was immediately modified and a hyperacute rejection protocol applied including plasmapheresis and antithymocyte globulin treatment as well as cyclophosphamide to decrease antibody existence and production. A remarkable clinical recovery was observed after the fifth postoperative day and completion of plasmapheresis when a repeated retrospective cross-match showed significantly decreasing anti-donor reactivity.
Nonlinear Pricing with Self-Control Preferences

This paper studies optimal nonlinear pricing for a monopolist when consumers' preferences exhibit temptation and self-control as in Gul and Pesendorfer (2001). Consumers are subject to temptation inside the store but exercise self-control, and those foreseeing large self-control costs do not enter the store. Consumers differ in their preferences under temptation. When all consumers are tempted by more expensive, higher quality choices, the optimal menu is a singleton, which saves consumers from self-control and extracts consumers' commitment surplus. When some consumers are tempted by cheaper, lower quality choices, the optimal menu may contain a continuum of choices.
The Neuropsychology of Attention: Revisiting the “Mirsky Model”

Nearly 25 years ago, Mirsky and colleagues proposed a multiple-component model of attention. It was proposed that attention was characterized by several distinct elements that were organized into a system. A putative neuroanatomical substrate of this model of attention was proposed. This functional anatomy was primarily based upon inferences derived from brain lesion studies. Mirsky and colleagues developed a systematic clinical evaluation of this model by applying a group of neuropsychological tests. Since the introduction of what has been commonly referred to as the “Mirsky model,” significant advances have been made in our understanding of brain-behavior relationships. This article applies current neuroscientific principles to “update” our understanding of attention and the “Mirsky model. ” We also demonstrate how the interpretation of neuropsychological tests can be modified according to principles of large-scale brain systems and patterns of brain network functional connectivity.
Associated factors of drug–drug interactions of highly active antiretroviral therapy: report from a referral center

Objective: To assess different aspects of potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) including incidence, severity, level of evidence and probable associated factors in Iranian HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. Methods: All adult HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen attending a referral HIV clinic during 1 year were screened retrospectively for potential moderate or severe DDIs by the Lexi-Interact On-Desktop software. Results: Near seventy percent (69.89%) of detected DDIs in our population were major. The three most common detected potential DDIs were efavirenz + methadone (11 cases), lopinavir-ritonavir + sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, (10 cases) and lamivudine + ribavirin (7 cases). Lopinavir-ritonavir (27.96%) and citalopram (23.66%) were the most common offending antiretroviral and non-antiretroviral agents, respectively. Conclusion: Performing multicenter and prospective studies is warranted to assess the real clinical as well as economic impacts of DDIs on HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral agents in our population and also to develop efficient preventive strategies.
Altered Risk-Based Decision Making following Adolescent Alcohol Use Results from an Imbalance in Reinforcement Learning in Rats

Alcohol use during adolescence has profound and enduring consequences on decision-making under risk. However, the fundamental psychological processes underlying these changes are unknown. Here, we show that alcohol use produces over-fast learning for better-than-expected, but not worse-than-expected, outcomes without altering subjective reward valuation. We constructed a simple reinforcement learning model to simulate altered decision making using behavioral parameters extracted from rats with a history of adolescent alcohol use. Remarkably, the learning imbalance alone was sufficient to simulate the divergence in choice behavior observed between these groups of animals. These findings identify a selective alteration in reinforcement learning following adolescent alcohol use that can account for a robust change in risk-based decision making persisting into later life.
Talking About Writing: The Language of Writing Groups.

This study examines the language of writing groups to determine what students say when they critique one another's work. Analysis of idea units revealed that the highest proportion focused on the content of writing, thereby dispelling doubts about students' ability to remain "on task" while working in writing groups. The next most commonly occurring type of idea unit offered directives about writing. Idea units in this category revealed the linguistic power available to students in writing groups. Both quantity and type of idea units differed according to mode of discourse, indicating that teacher-imposed constraints of assignment shape the language of writing groups. Implications for further research are discussed. Five students sit in a circle in a high school classroom. One of them has just read aloud her draft of a paper due next week. After she finishes reading, students begin to talk: Phil: Good. That's really good. A couple things stood out to me . when you use this I counted this twice where you go, "I think I'll slowly make my way . " I don't know, I mean, I don't like it when you say "I think. " And I don't think "I should slowly make my way" sounds right. I wish you'd just say "I slowly. " And there's something I was wondering. If you haven't interviewed him yet, how do you know his name?
Stochastic Gradient Made Stable: A Manifold Propagation Approach for Large-Scale Optimization

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) holds as a classical method to build large scale machine learning models over big data. A stochastic gradient is typically calculated from a limited number of samples (known as mini-batch), which potentially incurs a high variance and causes the estimated parameters to bounce around the optimal solution. To improve the stability of stochastic gradient, recent years have witnessed the proposal of several semi-stochastic gradient descent algorithms, which distinguish themselves from standard SGD by incorporating global information into gradient computation. In this paper, we contribute a novel stratified semi-stochastic gradient descent (S3GD) algorithm to this nascent research area, accelerating the optimization of a large family of composite convex functions. Though theoretically converging faster, prior semi-stochastic algorithms are found to suffer from high iteration complexity, which makes them even slower than SGD in practice on many datasets. In our proposed S3GD, the semi-stochastic gradient is calculated based on efficient manifold propagation, which can be numerically accomplished by sparse matrix multiplications. This way S3GD is able to generate a highly-accurate estimate of the exact gradient from each mini-batch with largely-reduced computational complexity. Theoretic analysis reveals that the proposed S3GD elegantly balances the geometric algorithmic convergence rate against the space and time complexities during the optimization. The efficacy of S3GD is also experimentally corroborated on several large-scale benchmark datasets.
Large Scale Characterization of the LC13 TCR and HLA-B8 Structural Landscape in Reaction to 172 Altered Peptide Ligands: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

The interplay between T cell receptors (TCRs) and peptides bound by major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) is one of the most important interactions in the adaptive immune system. Several previous studies have computationally investigated their structural dynamics. On the basis of these simulations several structural and dynamical properties have been proposed as effectors of the immunogenicity. Here we present the results of a large scale Molecular Dynamics simulation study consisting of 100 ns simulations of 172 different complexes. These complexes consisted of all possible point mutations of the Epstein Barr Virus peptide FLRGRAYGL bound by HLA-B*08:01 and presented to the LC13 TCR. We compare the results of these 172 structural simulations with experimental immunogenicity data. We found that simulations with more immunogenic peptides and those with less immunogenic peptides are in fact highly similar and on average only minor differences in the hydrogen binding footprints, interface distances, and the relative orientation between the TCR chains are present. Thus our large scale data analysis shows that many previously suggested dynamical and structural properties of the TCR/peptide/MHC interface are unlikely to be conserved causal factors for peptide immunogenicity.