Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Pluralistic Theory on Efficacious Patent Institution - eScholarship

Time and time again, scholars attempt to assess efficacy of intellectual property institution. The attempts have created vast amount of literatures. None the less, as impressive are the volumes of the works that this enquiry has generated, so is the absence of a generally applicable theory of intellectual property either claiming or disclaiming its efficacy. This paper questions the existence of a general definition of efficiency that is applicable to the assessment of the patent institution. While it is true that the efficiency as applied to specific cases may be definable with the help of further normative criteria and may even be useful, the indeterminacy of efficiency is such degree that a normative explanation of institutional arrangement of intellectual property solely based on efficiency is not as useful. Cite as Nari Lee, Toward a Pluralistic Theory on an Efficacious Patent Institution, 6 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 224 (2007)
Evaluating the use of word embeddings for part-of-speech tagging in Bahasa Indonesia

This paper studies the use of word embeddings for POS tagging in Bahasa Indonesia. The experiments are conducted with an architecture based on neural network model, that is a simple feed forward neural network with one hidden layer. The word embeddings (i.e., CBOW, skip-gram, and GloVe) are trained on unlabelled text corpus created from Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia. The results show that word embeddings can be used for POS tagging in Bahasas Indonesia with good performance. The F1 score of all word embeddings types are roughly 80% and the accuracies are higher than 93% on a manually tagged corpus of about 250.000 tokens (12,775 unique tokens).
Barriers to holistic coaching for positive youth development in South Africa*

Abstract The purpose of this article is to identify and explore the barriers to holistic coaching in a variety of sport settings in a non-North American-centric culture. Data were derived from a series of interviews drawn from two distinct samples: (a) focus groups conducted with 19 youth sport coaches throughout South Africa and (b) individual interviews with 10 coaches in an underserved South African township. The semi-structured focus groups and interviews were content analysed, with results revealing that coaches face a number of major barriers to teaching and coaching life skills. These include: (a) the competitive nature of sport overshadowing goals related to life skills development; (b) life skills absent or peripheral in coaching philosophy and selection; and (c) a lack of coaching knowledge and holistic coach education. Practical implications are explored in depth, with a particular focus on non-north American-centric cultures.
Moral Hazard and Debt Maturity

We present a model of the maturity of a bank’s uninsured debt. The bank borrows funds and chooses afterwards the riskiness of its assets. This moral hazard problem leads to an excessive level of risk. Short-term debt may have a disciplining effect on the bank’s risk-shifting incentives, but it may lead to inefficient liquidation. We characterize the conditions under which short-term and long-term debt are feasible, and show circumstances under which only short-term debt is feasible and under which short-term debt dominates long-term debt when both are feasible. Thus, short-term debt may have the salutary effect of mitigating the moral hazard problem and inducing lower risk-taking. The results are consistent with key features of the common narrative of the period preceding the 2007-2009 financial crisis.
Learning to Generate Long-term Future via Hierarchical Prediction

We propose a hierarchical approach for making long-term predictions of future frames. To avoid inherent compounding errors in recursive pixel-level prediction, we propose to first estimate high-level structure in the input frames, then predict how that structure evolves in the future, and finally by observing a single frame from the past and the predicted high-level structure, we construct the future frames without having to observe any of the pixel-level predictions. Long-term video prediction is difficult to perform by recurrently observing the predicted frames because the small errors in pixel space exponentially amplify as predictions are made deeper into the future. Our approach prevents pixel-level error propagation from happening by removing the need to observe the predicted frames. Our model is built with a combination of LSTM and analogy based encoder-decoder convolutional neural networks, which independently predict the video structure and generate the future frames, respectively. In experiments, our model is evaluated on the Human3.6M and Penn Action datasets on the task of long-term pixel-level video prediction of humans performing actions and demonstrate significantly better results than the state-of-the-art.
Primordial Non-Gaussianity and Analytical Formula for Minkowski Functionals of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large-Scale Structure

We derive analytical formulae for the Minkowski functionals of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure (LSS) from primordial non-Gaussianity. These formulae enable us to estimate a nonlinear coupling parameter, fNL, directly from the CMB and LSS data without relying on numerical simulations of non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations. One can use these formulae to estimate statistical errors on fNL from Gaussian realizations, which are much faster to generate than non-Gaussian ones, fully taking into account the cosmic/sampling variance, beam smearing, survey mask, etc. We show that the CMB data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe should be sensitive to |fNL| ≃ 40 at the 68% confidence level. The Planck data should be sensitive to |fNL| ≃ 20. As for the LSS data, the late-time non-Gaussianity arising from gravitational instability and galaxy biasing makes it more challenging to detect primordial non-Gaussianity at low redshifts. The late-time effects obscure the primordial signals at small spatial scales. High-redshift galaxy surveys at z > 2 covering ~10 Gpc3 volume would be required for the LSS data to detect |fNL| ≃ 100. Minkowski functionals are nicely complementary to the bispectrum because the Minkowski functionals are defined in real space and the bispectrum is defined in Fourier space. This property makes the Minkowski functionals a useful tool in the presence of real-world issues such as anisotropic noise, foreground, and survey masks. Our formalism can be easily extended to scale-dependent fNL.
A Survey of the Practice and Perspectives of Chinese Acupuncturists on Deqi

Deqi refers to the special sensation and reaction sensed mainly by both acupuncturist and patient when a needle was inserted into the acupoints and is considered to be vital to achieve acupuncture effect. For acupuncturist, it is important to judge and control Deqi in clinical practice. However, enough attention is paid to patients' feelings rather than acupuncturists' nowadays. We thus conducted this survey to determine acupuncturists' perspectives about Deqi and to further find the proper way to induce Deqi. A total of 250 questionnaires were sent out to acupuncturists and 202 (80.8%) were returned. According to the results, most acupuncturists believe that Deqi is vital to obtain preferable clinical effects. The reliability of acupuncturists' Deqi sensation ranks as sinking> tightening> astringent. The reliability of patients' Deqi sensations ranks as sourness> numbness> distention> heaviness> pain. The reliability of influential factors ranks as manipulation> specificity of acupoint> TCM constitution> disease status> patient's psychological condition> acupuncturists' psychological guidance> clinical environment. This study is believed to provide additional evidence to the qualitative and quantitative research of Deqi in the future.
Chiral Colloidal Molecules And Observation of The Propeller Effect

Chiral molecules play an important role in biological and chemical processes, but physical effects due to their symmetry-breaking are generally weak. Several physical chiral separation schemes which could potentially be useful, including the propeller effect, have therefore not yet been demonstrated at the molecular scale. However, it has been proposed that complex nonspherical colloidal particles could act as “colloidal molecules” in mesoscopic model systems to permit the visualization of molecular phenomena that are otherwise difficult to observe. Unfortunately, it is difficult to synthesize such colloids because surface minimization generally favors the growth of symmetric particles. Here we demonstrate the production of large numbers of complex colloids with glancing angle physical vapor deposition. We use chiral colloids to demonstrate the Baranova and Zel’dovich (BaranovaN. B.Zel’dovichB. Y.Chem. Phys. Lett.1978, 57, 435) propeller effect: the separation of a racemic mixture by application of a rotating field that couples to the dipole moment of the enantiomers and screw propels them in opposite directions. The handedness of the colloidal suspensions is monitored with circular differential light scattering. An exact solution for the colloid’s propulsion is derived, and comparisons between the colloidal system and the corresponding effect at the molecular scale are made.
MEMBANGUN KOMUNIKASI EFEKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DALAM PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR

There are some factors such as the learners, classroom, method, and teaching material that are needed to be considered in teaching and learning process. A teacher in a teaching and learning process or an instructor in a seminar needs to have serious attention on those factors to reach goals. There could be different method and communication ways for a lesson. Therefore, a teacher or an instructor needs to be smart in applying effective communication strategy to make the teaching and learning strategy optimal. A teacher or an instructor can apply an effective communication strategy in two ways. First, s/ he needs to apply the three - pattern of communication; one-way communication, two-way communication and multiple communication. Second, she needs to apply the The 5 Inevitable Laws of Effective Communication; respect, empathy, audible, clarity, humble, which is more famous with its acronyms REACH and it means to get or to gain something. Since the actual communication is basically the way to win others’ attention, love, interest, concern, sympathy, responsiveness, and positive answers.
Desempenho acadêmico nas séries do ensino fundamental: Relação com o desenvolvimento social

Este estudo teve por objetivos: (a) verificar a relacao entre os problemas de comportamento, o repertorio de habilidades sociais e o desempenho academico de criancas e adolescentes e (b) identificar a porcentagem de criancas e adolescentes com problemas de comportamento e baixo desempenho academico, segundo a opiniao dos professores. Participaram do estudo 27 professores, de um total de 215 alunos da 1a a 8a serie do Ensino Fundamental, com media de idade de nove anos. As professoras responderam ao Social Skills Rating System- Versao para Professores (que avalia o repertorio de habilidades sociais, os problemas de comportamento e o desempenho academico do aluno). Utilizou-se o teste de correlacao de Pearson para verificar a relacao entre as variaveis estudadas. Os resultados mostraram que o repertorio de habilidades sociais e os problemas de comportamento (internalizantes, externalizantes e total) estavam negativamente correlacionados entre si, ou seja, quanto maior o repertorio de habilidades, menor os indices de problemas de comportamento. Alem disso, quanto maior os problemas de comportamento menor o desempenho academico das criancas e dos adolescentes. Respondendo ao segundo objetivo, mais da metade das criancas e dos adolescentes foram avaliados pelas professoras com baixo repertorio de habilidades sociais e com altos indices de problemas de comportamento e 27,3% da amostra apresentou desempenho academico abaixo da media. Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de intervir com criancas e adolescentes para melhorar o repertorio de habilidades sociais e assim diminuir a probabilidade de apresentar problemas ao longo do desenvolvimento.
ADAM8 as a Novel Serological and Histochemical Marker for Lung Cancer

Purpose and Experimental Design: We have been investigating genes involved in pulmonary carcinogenesis by examining gene expression profiles of non–small-cell lung cancers to identify molecules that might serve as diagnostic markers or targets for development of new molecular therapies. A gene encoding ADAM8, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-8, was selected as a candidate for such molecule. Tumor tissue microarray was applied to examine expression of ADAM8 protein in archival lung cancer samples from 363 patients. Serum ADAM8 levels of 105 lung cancer patients and 72 controls were also measured by ELISA. A role of ADAM8 in cellular motility was examined by Matrigel assays. Results: ADAM8 was abundantly expressed in the great majority of lung cancers examined. A high level of ADAM8 expression was significantly more common in advanced-stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinomas than in adenocarcinomas at stages I–IIIA. Serum levels of ADAM8 were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy controls. The proportion of the serum ADAM8-positive cases defined by our criteria was 63% and that for carcinoembryonic antigen was 57%, indicating equivalent diagnostic power of these two markers. A combined assay using both ADAM8 and carcinoembryonic antigen increased sensitivity because 80% of the lung cancer patients were then diagnosed as positive, whereas only 11% of 72 healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed as positive. In addition, exogenous expression of ADAM8 increased the migratory activity of mammalian cells, an indication that ADAM8 may play a significant role in progression of lung cancer. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ADAM8 should be useful as a diagnostic marker and probably as a therapeutic target.
A long‐term data set for hydrologic modeling in a snow‐dominated mountain catchment

A modeling data set (meteorological forcing data, geographic information system data, and validation data) is presented for water years 1984 through 2008 for a snow‐dominated mountain catchment. The forcing data include hourly precipitation, wind speed and direction, air and soil temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, and incoming solar and thermal radiation from two sites. Validation data include stream discharge, snow water equivalent, snow depth, soil moisture, and groundwater elevation. These data will improve the development, testing, and application of the next generation of hydrologic models.
'Assessment in ECE is overwhelming at times': Uncovering the challenges of assessing four-year-old children’s learning

This article presents some of the preliminary findings from a national survey which explored early childhood teachers’ understandings, beliefs and practices in relation to assessing four year old children’s learning. While a range of perspectives in relation to assessment were evident in the survey responses, this article focuses on the issues and challenges identified by teachers. Some suggestions regarding possible next steps are also made. The findings presented here are a small, but important, element of a larger study. Further analysis of the data collected during both phases is currently being undertaken and additional discussion and dissemination will follow.
Saliency Cuts: An automatic approach to object segmentation

Interactive graph cuts are widely used in object segmentation but with some disadvantages: 1) Manual interactions may cause inaccurate or even incorrect segmentation results and involve more interactions especially for novices. 2) In some situations, the manual interactions are infeasible. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a novel approach, namely Saliency cuts, to segment object from background automatically. By exploring the effects of labels to graph cuts, the so called ldquoprofessional labelsrdquo is introduced to evaluate labels. With the aid of saliency detection, a multiresolution framework is designed to provide ldquoprofessional labelsrdquo automatically and implement object segmentation using graph cuts. The experiments demonstrate the promising performance of Saliency cuts.
Dual chemical sequestration: a key mechanism in transitions among ecological specialization

Platyphora leaf beetles form a vast group of tropical species each feeding on a restricted set of host plants and exhibiting bright coloration warning predators against their chemical protection. These beetles offer an exceptional opportunity for understanding the evolution of phytochemical sequestration. Indeed, qualitative studies of defensive secretions indicate that Platyphora species acquire toxicity via sequestration of plant secondary metabolites. All produce pentacyclic triterpene saponins from sequestered plant amyrins, but our analyses also indicate that many Platyphora species produce a dual chemical defence, that is, they are additionally protected by lycopsamine-type pyrolyzidine alkaloids that they also sequester from their host. This paper reports on the evolution of chemical defence and host affiliation in Platyphora leaf beetles as reconstructed on a molecular phylogeny of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. The analyses indicate that dual sequestration could be the key mechanistic means by which transitions among ecological specializations (i.e. restricted host-plant affiliations) are made possible.
Nonviolent Conflict Transformation and Peace Journalism

Editors’ preface Nanni Salio (1943-2016) was a passionate and indefatigable theorist and activist in the fields of environmentalism and sustainability, pacifism and nonviolent conflict resolution. In publishing posthumously a translation of this paper, Visions for Sustainability wishes to pay tribute to his commitment and the importance of his contribution to the development of these fields. The paper examines the importance of the work of John Galtung, together with his debt to Mahatma Gandhi, within the framework of peace research and studies in the field of conflict and its transformation by nonviolent means. Both a model for conflict analysis and an approach to its nonviolent transformation are proposed. These lead to a discussion of the characteristics and significant role of peace journalism as part of a necessary transformation of paradigms in order to promote a sustainable approach to conflict. The work of Mahatma Gandhi is inextricably linked to his role in the nonviolent struggle for Indian independence. A recent article published in The Times1 reported that India is firmly on track to become the thirdfastest growing economy in the world, overtaking those of long-established countries such as the UK. From the perspective of classical economic growth, the tables seem to have been turned on “first-world” economies, yet at the same time India is gaining very high scores in terms of statistics on violent clashes between different religious groups, political corruption and gender violence. In The Argumentative Indian (2005) Amartya Sen drew attention to his own country as the birthplace of many creeds, a breeding ground for the largest multiplicity of languages, religious beliefs and ethnic groups, yet almost no other country seems to be so dramatically divided. From a cultural heritage of exchange and dialogue to a fast-growing modern India at the helm of a capitalist economy, the tables have indeed been turned from quite a different perspective. Historically, such periods of transition bring massive economic, social, and environmental transformations, yet the implications these may have at a global scale are less than obvious and by no means clear to all viewers. For India, as with a number of other countries, ‘social instability’ or even open conflict as is the case in Syria, are presented as recent occurrences, by-products of ‘newly’ emerging social or economic patterns, a rhetoric of the present, featuring rich and poor, winners and losers, ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’. Watching the news from afar, the public is cast in the role of spectators, hopeful and hopeless. Nanni Salio argues that peace journalism has a fundamental role to play in ‘joining the dots’, enabling people to see the connections and opening up dialogical spaces. His paper outlines the key features of peace journalism and discusses the implications for training and practice in media communication. DOI: 10.13135/2384-8677/2105
Bright Light Therapy for Treatment of Sleep Problems Following Mild TBI

Abstract : Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the major health problems facing military servicemembers returning fromdeployments. Given the large number of military personnel returning from combat operations in Iraq or Afghanistan withreported or suspected head injuries (Hoge et al., 2008), the outcome of the light treatment being tested in present studycould have significant impact on the delivery of health care to returning military veterans. Other than cognitive-behavioraltherapies and avoidance of re-injury, there are few alternative treatments for patients suffering from post-concussivesymptoms secondary to a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Alternative approaches to treatment, or adjunctive approachesthat can be used to augment ongoing treatments, are clearly needed. Because sleep disruption is one of the primary complaintsof individuals following mTBI, and sleep is critical to neurogenesis and neural plasticity, sleep enhancement seems to be anideal candidate for direct intervention. If the sleep problems can be improved, it is more likely that other aspects ofrecovery will be accelerated. With sleep improvement, we expect that emotional difficulties will be reduced, ongoingadjunctive treatments will be enhanced, and brain functioning can be restored to the fullest extent possible. Furthermore,non-pharmacologic interventions are generally preferable and more cost effective than reliance upon prescription medicationsfor sleep problems. Therefore, it is hypothesized that by using light therapy to entrain the circadian sleep-wake cycle, wemay improve sleep in a sample of individuals with a recent history of concussion, and thereby increase the likelihood thatthey will recover more quickly, benefit more extensively from other forms of therapy, and build emotional and cognitiveresilience.
Exploring tourists push and pull motivations to visit Mauritius as a tourist destination

This study examines the motivational push and pull-factors that affect tourists’ decision in their choice of a holiday destination. 200 questionnaires were completed using a face to face interview among specific groups of travellers to Mauritius (English, French, German, Italian and South African tourists) at various points on the island. The findings demonstrate that rest and relaxation are the most compelling push motivation forces followed by nostalgia, escape, novelty and social interaction. The key pull based motives were found to be the special climate and weather of Mauritius, the exquisite landscape and scenery, unique flora and fauna, exotic beaches, the exotic ambience and atmosphere, the welcoming nature of Mauritian hospitality and the authentic Mauritian culture. The Push and pull factors between first time visitors and repeat visitors are discussed in this article and the study essentially contributes to our overall understanding of why holiday makers take travel decisions to opt for longhaul destinations like Mauritius, and can therefore help destination marketers develop better marketing programmes to meet the specific needs of their customers.