Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Handheld cellular telephone use and risk of brain cancer.

CONTEXT A relative paucity of data exist on the possible health effects of using cellular telephones. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that using handheld cellular telephones is related to the risk of primary brain cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING Case-control study conducted in 5 US academic medical centers between 1994 and 1998 using a structured questionnaire. PATIENTS A total of 469 men and women aged 18 to 80 years with primary brain cancer and 422 matched controls without brain cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of brain cancer compared by use of handheld cellular telephones, in hours per month and years of use. RESULTS The median monthly hours of use were 2.5 for cases and 2.2 for controls. Compared with patients who never used handheld cellular telephones, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) associated with regular past or current use was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.2). The OR for infrequent users (<0. 72 h/mo) was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.5-2.0) and for frequent users (>10.1 h/mo) was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.3-1.4). The mean duration of use was 2.8 years for cases and 2.7 years for controls; no association with brain cancer was observed according to duration of use (P =.54). In cases, cerebral tumors occurred more frequently on the same side of the head where cellular telephones had been used (26 vs 15 cases; P =.06), but in the cases with temporal lobe cancer a greater proportion of tumors occurred in the contralateral than ipsilateral side (9 vs 5 cases; P =.33). The OR was less than 1.0 for all histologic categories of brain cancer except for uncommon neuroepitheliomatous cancers (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.9-4.7). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that use of handheld cellular telephones is not associated with risk of brain cancer, but further studies are needed to account for longer induction periods, especially for slow-growing tumors with neuronal features.
Effect of spreader size on microleakage of roots filled with cold lateral compaction technique

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of spreader size on apical leakage of maxillary incisor teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 permanent human teeth with no carious and no fracture or crack were used for this study. After removing the crown from the cementoenamel junction and the standardization of the root lengths, the specimens were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 - Roots were not instrumented. Group 2 - Root canals were enlarged using the step-back technique to a #40 file and filled using cold lateral compaction (CLC) of gutta-percha (GP). Group 3 - During the filling procedure, the first spreader used was size 40. Group 4 - The first spreader used was size 35. Group 5 - The initial spreader used was size 25. The amount of leakage through the filled root canals was evaluated by computerized fluid filtration model. Statistical analyzes were done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). While the uninstrumented group (Group 1) had no leakage, instrumented but not filled roots (Group 2) demonstrated the highest leakage values. There were no differences between Group 3 and 4. Group 5 showed significantly less leakage than Group 3 and 4. Conclusion: Spreader size used during CLC of GP appeared to be a significant factor on apical leakage of roots. Using smaller size spreader during CLC may provide relatively less leakage.
Resource allocation algorithm for MIMO-OFDMA systems with minimum resources guarantee

The problem of resource allocation for the downlink of wireless systems operating over a frequency-selective channel is investigated. It is assumed that the BS (Base Station) uses many antennas and many antennas are available for each user too (Multiple Input Multiple Output - MIMO case). To relieve heavy computational burden, a suboptimal, but efficient algorithm is devised that maximizes the sum of the users' data rates subject to total available power constraint while guaranteeing minimum resources for each user. Simulation results are provided to prove our statements. Thus, the algorithm can be applied to latest-generation wireless systems that provide Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees.
Land use changes and northern hemisphere cooling

Recent reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere mean temperatures over the past millennium show a long‐term cooling of about 0.25K between 1000 and 1900 AD, prior to the 20th century's warming. In this paper, we present the results of equilibrium climate model simulations that indicate that the land‐use change occurring over this period may largely explain this observed cooling, although other factors also could have played a significant role. The simulated annual mean cooling due to land‐use change is 0.25K globally and 0.37 K for the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that the cooling of the prior centuries could have been largely the result of anthropogenic interference in the climate system.
A smart rheologic MSD model pushed/calibrated/evaluated by experimental impulses

A rheology object means a visco-elastic object with some residual displacement. The modeling is useful to manipulate a real rheology object by a robot hand/arm or to feel a contact impulse (forces) from a virtual one by some haptic device. In our previous works, we compared several types of MSD models with/without two kinds of conservation laws of volume by giving position replacements at some surrounding masses, calibrating and evaluating shape differences between virtual and real rheology objects. Concerning to shape precision, the combination is wonderful. Also, the model including conservation laws of volume is better than the model excluding them. However, concerning to force precision, they are unfortunately meaningless. To overcome this drawback in this paper, we compare the types of MSD models by giving, calibrating and evaluating impulses and their differences at the masses around the virtual and real rheology objects. As a result, for the purpose, the new combination is suitable. Furthermore, concerning to force precision, the model excluding conservation laws of volume is better than the model including them.
The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010

According to the 2010 Census, 1.2 million people in the United States identified as Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, either alone or in combination with one or more other races. The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population was the race group most likely to report multiple races in 2010, as more than half (56 percent) reported multiple races. The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population was one of the fastestgrowing race groups between 2000 and 2010.
A Review of Protist Grazing Below the Photic Zone Emphasizing Studies of Oxygen-Depleted Water Columns and Recent Applications of In situ Approaches

Little is still known of the impacts of protist grazing on bacterioplankton communities in the dark ocean. Furthermore, the accuracy of assessments of in situ microbial activities, including protist grazing, can be affected by sampling artifacts introduced during sample retrieval and downstream manipulations. Potential artifacts may be increased when working with deep-sea samples or samples from chemically unique water columns such as oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). OMZs are oxygen-depleted regions in the ocean, where oxygen concentrations can drop to <20 µM. These regions are typically located near eastern boundary upwelling systems and currently occur in waters occupying below about 8% of total ocean surface area, representing ~1% of the ocean’s volume. OMZs have a profound impact not only on the distribution of marine Metazoa, but also on the composition and activities of microbial communities at the base of marine food webs. Here we present an overview of current knowledge of protist phagotrophy below the photic zone, emphasizing studies of oxygen-depleted waters and presenting results of the first attempt to implement new technology for conducting these incubation studies completely in situ (the Microbial Sampling- Submersible Incubation Device, MS-SID). We performed 24-h incubation experiments in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) OMZ. This preliminary study shows that up to 28% of bacterial biomass may be consumed by protists in waters where oxygen concentrations were down to ~3 µM and up to 13% of saturation at a station with nitrate accumulation where oxygen concentrations were undetectable. Results also show that shipboard measurements of grazing rates were lower than rates measured from the same water using the MS-SID, suggesting that in situ experiments help to minimize artifacts that may be introduced when conducting incubation studies using waters collected from below the photic zone, particularly from oxygen-depleted regions of the water column.
Seasonally Stratified Analysis of Simulated ENSO Thermodynamics

Using outputs from the SINTEX-F1 coupled GCM, the thermodynamics of ENSO events and its relation with the seasonal cycle are investigated. Simulated El Nino events are first classified into four groups depending on during which season the Nino-3.4 sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) index (5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) reaches its peak. Although the heat content of the tropical Pacific decreases for all four types, the tropical Pacific loses about twice as much during an El Nino that peaks during winter compared with one that peaks during summer. The surface heat flux, the southward heat transport at 15°S, and the Indonesian Throughflow heat transport contribute constructively to this remarkable seasonal difference. It is shown that the Indonesian Throughflow supplies anomalous heat from the Indian Ocean, especially during the summer El Nino–like event. Changes in the basic state provided by the seasonal cycle cause differences in the atmospheric response to the SSTA, which in turn lead to the difference between the surface heat flux and the meridional heat transport anomaly.
Turning dynamics and passive damping in flapping flight

We investigated whether flapping flight has an inherent stability by analyzing the inertial and aerodynamic effects of flapping wings on body dynamics. Based on wing and body kinematics of free flying fruit flies during rapid maneuvers, we found a passive counter torque due to body rotation. It is indentified both in simulation through quasi-steady state aerodynamic model and through experiments on a dynamically scaled robotic wing. An analytical form is derived correspondingly. In the turning yaw axis, the estimated damping coefficient of flapping wings is significantly higher than body frictional damping; this indicates a passive deceleration during turning. By simulating insect to rotate about each principal axis of inertial and body frames, we calculated the corresponding damping coefficients, and further analyzed the attitude stability. The result reveals that, passive damping of flapping flight, while does not necessarily lead to a stable full body dynamics, provides a considerable passive restoring torque that could be critical for flight stabilization and control in the design of micro aerial vehicles. Preliminary analysis on the scaling parameters of passive damping was also performed.
Limited Effects of Set Shifting Training in Healthy Older Adults

Our ability to flexibly shift between tasks or task sets declines in older age. As this decline may have adverse effects on everyday life of elderly people, it is of interest to study whether set shifting ability can be trained, and if training effects generalize to other cognitive tasks. Here, we report a randomized controlled trial where healthy older adults trained set shifting with three different set shifting tasks. The training group (n = 17) performed adaptive set shifting training for 5 weeks with three training sessions a week (45 min/session), while the active control group (n = 16) played three different computer games for the same period. Both groups underwent extensive pre- and post-testing and a 1-year follow-up. Compared to the controls, the training group showed significant improvements on the trained tasks. Evidence for near transfer in the training group was very limited, as it was seen only on overall accuracy on an untrained computerized set shifting task. No far transfer to other cognitive functions was observed. One year later, the training group was still better on the trained tasks but the single near transfer effect had vanished. The results suggest that computerized set shifting training in the elderly shows long-lasting effects on the trained tasks but very little benefit in terms of generalization.
Physicochemistry of aircraft‐generated liquid aerosols, soot, and ice particles: 1. Model description

A coupled microphysical-chemical-dynamical trajectory box model simulating the emission, formation, and evolution of particles in dispersing aircraft wakes and contrails is presented. The mutual interaction pathways between the various liquid and solid aerosols are elucidated, including a discussion of the involved microphysical processes. Free model parameters are constrained using data from in situ observations. Volatile aerosol formation by binary nucleation, nonequilibrium heteromolecular condensation, sulfur-induced soot activation, and ice nucleation in wakes behind subsonic and supersonic aircraft are illustrated in case studies.
MCMC for Normalized Random Measure Mixture Models

This paper concerns the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for posterior sampling in Bayesian nonparametric mixture models with normalized random measure priors. Making use of some recent posterior characterizations for the class of normalized random measures, we propose novel Markov chain Monte Carlo methods of both marginal type and conditional type. The proposed marginal samplers are generalizations of Neal's well-regarded Algorithm 8 for Dirichlet process mixture models, whereas the conditional sampler is a variation of those recently introduced in the literature. For both the marginal and conditional methods, we consider as a running example a mixture model with an underlying normalized generalized Gamma process prior, and describe comparative simulation results demonstrating the efficacies of the proposed methods.
Evidence for Attentional Capture by a Surprising Color Singleton in Visual Search

Three experiments were conducted to investigate whether surprising color singletons capture attention. Participants performed a visual search task in which a target letter had to be detected among distractor letters. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed accuracy as the dependent variable. In Experiment 1, the unannounced presentation of a color singleton 500 ms prior to the letters (and in the same position as the target letter) resulted in better performance than in the preceding conjunction search segment, in which no singleton was presented, and performance was as good in this surprise-singleton trial as in the following feature search segment, in which the singleton always coincided with the target. In contrast, no improvement was observed when the color singleton was presented simultaneously with the letters in Experiment 2, indicating that attentional capture occurred later in the surprise trial than in the feature search segment. In Experiment 3, set size was varied, and reaction time was the dependent variable. Reaction time depended on set size in the conjunction search segment, but not in the surprise trial nor in the feature search segment. The results of the three experiments support the view that surprising color singletons capture attention independently of a corresponding attentional set.
The assessment and monitoring of sparsely vegetated rangelands using calibrated Landsat data

Abstract Measurements of the cover of vegetation were made at a network of 58 permanent 30 ha sites within a semi-arid shrub rangeland from 1981 to 1984. These vegetation data were used to calibrate Landsat data to produce images of ‘COVER’, a composite variable comprising all the percentage cover of living (shrubs, grass, etc.) and non-living (litter) plant material. The complementary variable was ‘BARE’ soil (100 – COVER). The regression equations included only Multispectral Scanner band 5 (MSS5) and were used to generate images of COVER for the years 1981, 1982 and 1984 for each of the five major rangeland types within the 25000 km2 test area. These COVER images were incorporated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) and used to assess and monitor the behaviour of individual rangeland types and pastoral properties over the 1981–1984 period which included a severe drought in 1982–3. The Landsatderived data for the region mirrored that measured on the ground. Drought conditions produced a universa.
Active earth pressure in cohesive soils with an inclined ground surface

An analytical solution is developed to determine the active lateral earth pressure distribution on a retaining structure when it consists of a cohesive backfill (internal friction angle ϕ > 0, cohesion c > 0) with an inclined ground surface. The solution derived encompasses both Bell's equation (for cohesive or cohesionless backfill with a horizontal ground surface) and Rankine's solution (for cohesionless backfill with an inclined ground surface). The orientation of the failure surface is also determined. Results indicate that, unlike the soil-wall scenarios of Bell and Rankine where the failure planes are parallel with a fixed orientation independent of the overburden pressure, for sloping cohesive backfill (ϕ > 0, c > 0) the slope of the failure surface is a function of the overburden pressure and becomes shallower with depth, thus forming a curvilinear failure surface. The solution developed can also be used to check the sustainability of a slope. The analytical solution can be programmed conveniently.
Identification of high-risk Brugada syndrome patients by combined analysis of late potential and T-wave amplitude variability on ambulatory electrocardiograms.

BACKGROUND Risk stratification is important in the management of Brugada syndrome (BrS). Late potentials (LPs) and T-wave amplitude variability (TAV) in high-resolution ambulatory electrocardiography (ECG) were retrospectively investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven patients diagnosed with BrS on 12-lead ECG were classified into 3 groups: documented ventricular fibrillation (VF)/asystole (n=19), episodes of syncope alone (n=30), and asymptomatic (n=78). Healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls (n=25). In the BrS patients, LPs showed appreciable circadian periodicity; filtered QRS duration (fQRS) and duration of the terminal low-amplitude signal <40 μV (LAS40) increased, whereas root mean square voltage of the terminal 40 ms of the fQRS (RMS40) decreased at night compared with the day. TAV did not have such a circadian periodicity. LP-positive incidence (night-time) and peak TAV were as follows: VF/asystole>syncope/asymptomatic>control (P<0.001). VF/asystole was discriminated from control at a ratio of 81-84% by night-time LPs (fQRS >116 ms, LAS40 >35 ms, RMS40 <25 μV) or peak TAV (>54 μV); VF/asystole was discriminated from syncope/asymptomatic at a ratio of 60-69%, by night-time LPs (fQRS >122 ms, LAS40 >42 ms, RMS40 <18μV) or peak TAV (>58 μV). Combined analysis of LPs and peak TAV increased the discriminant ratio up to 93% and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of both LPs and TAV (taking circadian periodicity into account) is useful in identification of high-risk BrS patients.
Ocorrência e aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Harttia loricariformis (Loricariinae) no trecho inferior do rio Paraíba do Sul (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)

Analisamos 242 exemplares de Harttia loricariformis no trecho inferior da bacia do no Paraiba do Sul (RJ). A ocorrencia da especie esteve associada ao tipo de ambiente, predominando no rio Grande (42,4% do total dc exemplares capturados), em ambientes de agua clara e encachoeirados. Os machos apresentaram comprimentos maiores que as femeas, porem machos e femeas iniciam o processo de desenvolvimento gonadal com tamanhos semelhantes (10,4 cm  machos e 10,0 cm  femeas). A reproducao foi sazonal, estendendo-se de setembro a fevereiro, principalmente em setembro-outubro. Na epoca reprodutiva houve predominio de femeas. Analises microscopicas confirmaram desova tipo parcelada. ABSTRACT We analysed 242 fishes of Harttia loricariformis from the lower Paraiba do Sul river, Rio de Janeiro state. The occurrence of this species was related to features of the environment. it was preponderance in the Grande river (82.4%), being most frequent in clear water and in rapids. Males were bigger than females, even though both have started the development of their gonads with similar sizes (10.4 cm in males and 10.0 cm in females). The reproduction was seasonal and it happened between September and February, being more intensive in September and October. Females prevailed over males during the reproductive season. The kind of spawning was histologycally confirmed as a multiple spawning. RESUME Deux-cents quarante deux exemplaires de Harttia loricariformis ont ete analyses dans le secteur inferieur du bassin du fleuve Paraiba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Bresil. La presence de lespece est associee aux conditions du milieu; elle est dominante en abondance numerique (82,4%) dans le fleuve Grande, et dans les eaux claires et les rapides. Les mâles sont plus grands que les femeiles, pourtant la taille de primiere rnaturite sexuelle est voisine (10,4 cm et 10,0 cm, respectivement). La ponte est saisonniere et se deroule de septembre a fevrier avec un pic en september-octobre. Durant cette periode, la sex-ratio est en faveur des confirme que la ponte est sequentielle.
The Leading Mode of Observed and CMIP5 ENSO-Residual Sea Surface Temperatures and Associated Changes in Indo-Pacific Climate

AbstractSSTs in the western Pacific Ocean have tracked closely with CMIP5 simulations despite recent hiatus cooling in the eastern Pacific. This paper quantifies these similarities and associated circulation and precipitation variations using the first global 1900–2012 ENSO-residual empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of 35 variables: observed SSTs; 28 CMIP5 SST simulations; Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) 25-, 70-, and 171-m ocean temperatures and sea surface heights (SSHs); and Twentieth Century Reanalysis, version 2 (20CRv2), surface winds and precipitation.While estimated independently, these leading EOFs across all variables fit together in a meaningful way, and the authors refer to them jointly as the west Pacific warming mode (WPWM). WPWM SST EOFs correspond closely in space and time. Their spatial patterns form a “western V” extending from the Maritime Continent into the extratropical Pacific. Their temporal principal components (PCs) have increased rapidly since 1990; this increase has be.
Warm Pool and Cold Tongue El Nino Events as Simulated by the GFDL 2.1 Coupled GCM

Recent studies report that two types of El Nino events have been observed. One is the cold tongue (CT) El Nino, which is characterized by relatively large sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern Pacific, and the other is the warm pool (WP) El Nino, in which SST anomalies are confined to the central Pacific. Here, both types of El Nino events are analyzed in a long-term coupled GCM simulation. The present model simulates the major observed features of both types of El Nino, incorporating the distinctive patterns of each oceanic and atmospheric variable. It is also demonstrated that each type of El Nino has quite distinct dynamic processes, which control their evolutions. The CT El Nino exhibits strong equatorial heat discharge poleward and thus the dynamical feedbacks control the phase transition from a warm event to a cold event. On the other hand, the discharge process in the WP El Nino is weak because of its spatial distribution of ocean dynamic field. The positive SST anomaly of WP El Nino is thermally damped through the intensified evap- orative cooling.