Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
London School of Economics and Political Science From the SelectedWorks of Kristof Madarasz 2014 Projection Equilibrium : Definition and Applications to Social Investment and Persuasion ( old version )

People exaggerate the extent to which their information is shared with others. I incorporate such information projections into the solution of Bayesian games, whereby people wrongly think that if they can condition their strategy on an event, others can as well. In the context of investments into a social asset, people misattribute the lack of trust by others due to di¤erences in information to others having antagonistic preferences. Even if everyone prefers mutual investment, no one invests, but each comes to believe that none else values investment. In the context of communication, the model predicts credulity: persuasion by an advisor with a known incentive to exaggerate the truth, nevertheless, induces uniformly inated expected posteriors. Credulity results when receivers have su¢ cient, but limited, nancial education and the conict is limited. An increase in the former, as well as, a decrease in the latter, can systematically lower receiver welfare. I extend the model to incorporate ignorance projection and apply it to common-value trade. The model predicts that sellers engage in too much truth-telling and buyers underappreciate selection, and provides a better t of the data than BNE or cursed equilibrium. Perspective Taking, Norms, Distrust, Financial Advice, Credulity, Trade, UnderBlu¢ ng
ERG Protein Expression Is of Limited Prognostic Value in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer

Background. The prognostic significance of ERG expression in prostate cancer (PCA) has generated mixed results. We sought to investigate the prognostic significance of ERG expression in a localized cohort of men with PCA. Material and Methods. We investigated ERG protein expression in a cohort of 198 men with localized PCA. ERG expression was correlated with patients' clinical outcome and several pathological parameters, including Gleason score (GS), pathological stage, surgical margin, and extra-capsular extension. Results. ERG expression was detected in 86/198 (43.4%) patients exclusively in neoplastic epithelium. Overall, ERG mean expression intensity was 1.01 ± 1.27 versus 0.37 ± 0.83 in acinar PCA compared to foamy type PCA (P < 0.001). In HGPIN, ERG intensity levels were comparable to those in foamy type PCA (0.13 ± 0.56) but significantly lower than those in acinar PCA (P < 0.001). ERG expression was significantly associated with extra-prostatic extension and higher pathological stage and showed a trend toward seminal vesicle invasion. Herein, ERG expression was documented in 50/131 (38.1%) patients with pT2 versus 30/55 (54.5%) patients with pT3 (P = 0.04). ERG association with higher pathological stage was more pronounced in patients with GS > 7. Grouping patients into those with GS ≤ 7 versus >7, there was no significant association between ERG expression and GS. Similarly, no association was present in relation to either surgical margins or postsurgical serum PSA levels. Conclusion. We report significant association between ERG protein levels and extra-prostatic extension and higher pathological stage. ERG expression is not associated with adverse clinical outcome and is of limited prognostic value in localized PCA.
Molecular gas at intermediate redshifts

We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations of OH absorption in B3 1504+377 ($z \sim 0.673$) and PKS 1413+135 ($z \sim 0.247$). OH has now been detected in absorption towards four intermediate redshift systems, viz. the lensing galaxies towards B 0218+357 ($z \sim 0.685$; Kanekar et al. [CITE]) and 1830-211 ($z \sim 0.886$; Chengalur et al. [CITE]), in addition to the two systems listed above. All four systems also give rise to well studied millimetre wavelength molecular line absorption from a host of molecules, including HCO + . Comparing our OH data with these millimetre line transitions, we find that the linear correlation between N OH and N HCO^+ found in molecular clouds in the Milky Way (Liszt & Lucas [CITE]) persists out to $z \sim 1$. It has been suggested (Liszt & Lucas [CITE]) that OH is a good tracer of ${\rm H_2}$, with $N_{\rm H_2}/N_{\rm OH} \approx 10^7$ under a variety of physical conditions. We use this relationship to estimate $N_{\rm H_2}$ in these absorbers. The estimated $N_{\rm H_2}$ is $\ga$ 10 22 in all four cases and substantially different from estimates based on CO observations.
High-fidelity passive force-reflecting virtual environments

Passivity theory is applied to the creation of synthetic, complex multidimensional haptic environments. It can be shown that under appropriate conditions, sufficiently high rendering rates can guarantee the passivity of a simulation produced by a haptic device coupled to a discrete-time realization of a nominally passive environment. The creation of a passive, globally defined, virtual environment is either analytically complex or computationally costly. A method is described whereby a passive environment is created from transitions between locally defined force models that encode static conservative force fields. This is applied to the haptic rendering of tool contact with deformable bodies, in which sparse force-deflection responses are used to define local models. Passivity, continuity, and fidelity are provided by response-function interpolation rather than by interpolation of forces, as in previous methods. The work also includes an illustrative example.
Improving Statistical Machine Translation Performance by Oracle-BLEU Model Re-estimation

We present a novel technique for training translation models for statistical machine translation by aligning source sentences to their oracle-BLEU translations. In contrast to previous approaches which are constrained to phrase training, our method also allows the re-estimation of re-ordering models along with the translation model. Experiments show an improvement of up to 0.8 BLEU for our approach over a competitive Arabic-English base-line trained directly on the word-aligned bitext using heuristic extraction. As an additional beneﬁt, the phrase table size is reduced dramatically to only 3% of the original size.
CRFs-Based Chinese Word Segmentation for Micro-Blog with Small-Scale Data

In this paper, we proposed a Chinese word segmentation model for micro-blog text. Although Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) models have been presented to deal with word segmentation, this is still the first time to apply it for the segmentation in the domain of Chinese micro-blog. Different from the genres of common articles, micro-blog has gradually become a new literary with the development of Internet. However, the unavailable of microblog training data has been the obstacle to develop a good segmenter based on trainable models. Considering the linguistic characteristics of the text, we proposed some methods to make the CRFs models suitable for segmentation in the domain of micro-blog. Several experiments have been conducted with different settings and then an optimal tagging method and feature templates have been designed. The proposed model has been implemented for the Second CIPS-SIGHAN Joint Conference on Chinese Language Processing Bakeoff (Bakeoff-2012) and achieves a very high Fmeasure of 93.38% within the test set of 5,000 micro-blog sentences. One of our main contri
Different schematic eyes and their accuracy to the in vivo eye: a quantitative comparison study

Current ophthalmic technology allows the manipulation of eye components, such as anterior cornea and lens, of the human eye with a considerable precision and customization. This technology opens up the possibility of exploiting some characteristics of the eye in order to improve the methods of correcting optical aberrations. Moreover, product development and research for the eye-care professional has reached very high standards, since there is nowadays software available to design and simulate practically any mechanical or optical characteristic of the product, even before it is thrown into production line. Although quite similar in the general form, different human eye models simulate the image formation by considering different property combinations in the constitutive elements of the eye structure (such as refraction index and surface curvatures), producing retinal images that resemble very closely those of the biological eye. Using optical design software, we have implemented a simulation of 5 well-known schematic eyes available in the literature. These models were the Helmholtz-Laurance, Gullstrand, Emsley, Greivenkamp and Liou & Brennan. The optical performance of these different models was compared using different quantitative optical quality parameters. The model of Liou and Brennan, contains features of the biological eye that were not considered in previous models, as the distribution of a gradient refraction index and a decentered pupil. Furthermore, it has great reliability since it takes into account the mean value of empirical measurements of the in vivo eye in order to define size and parameters such as anterior and posterior curvature of cornea, lens, axial length, etc. Comparisons between the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function), spot diagrams and ray fan showed the difference in image quality between eye models, and the Strehl Ratio was also used as a parameter of comparison. A careful comparison between the different models showed that the first four schematic eyes have better optical quality than what is expected for the general and healthy emmetropic in vivo eye. Liou and Brennan schematic eye is the one that most closely resembles the in vivo biological eye. Therefore, in applications, such as research or product development for customized vision correction, which must consider optical properties intrinsic to the biological eye, we recommend this latter model; for applications that do not require refraction-limited performance, most of the other models should be a good approximation.
Domain Swapping in the Human Histamine H1 Receptor

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of receptors involved in transmembrane signaling. Although these receptors were generally believed to be monomeric entities, accumulating evidence supports the presence of GPCRs in multimeric forms. Here, using immunoprecipitation as well as time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer to assess protein-protein interactions in living cells, we unambiguously demonstrate the occurrence of dimerization of the human histamine H1 receptor. We also show the presence of domain-swapped H1 receptor dimers in which there is the reciprocal exchange of transmembrane domain TM domains 6 and 7 between the receptors present in the dimer. Mutation of aspartate107 in transmembrane (TM) 3 or phenylalanine432 in TM6 to alanine results in two radioligand-binding-deficient mutant H1 receptors. Coexpression of H1D107 A and H1F432A, however, results in a reconstituted radioligand binding site that exhibits a pharmacological profile that corresponds to the wild-type H1 receptor. Interestingly, the H1 receptor radioligands [3H]mepyramine and [3H]-(–)-trans-1-phenyl-3-N,N-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene show differential saturation binding values (Bmax) for wild-type H1 receptors but not for the radioligand binding site that is formed upon coexpression of H1 D107A and H1 F432A receptors, suggesting the presence of different H1 receptor populations.
Subjective Memory Evaluation before and after Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery

Subjective memory (SM), a self-evaluation of memory, in contrast to objective memory (OM) measured by neuropsychological testing, is less well studied in patients with epilepsy. We assessed SM before and after temporal lobectomy. The Frequency of Forgetting 10 scale (FOF-10), developed to evaluate SM in dementia, was given before and one year after temporal lobectomy. Reliability and validity for use in epilepsy were first assessed. Measures of depression (CES-D) and neuroticism (PANAS) were done before and after surgery as well as complete neuropsychological assessment of OM. Correlation analysis between FOF-10 results and all the other variables was implemented. In 48 patients the FOF-10 was reliable and valid showing high internal consistency in all items (Cronbach's alpha >0.82) and high reproducibility (p<0.01). The FOF-10 also correlated with the memory assessment clinics self rating scale (MAC-S) (p<0.01). FOF-10 scores improved or were unchanged postoperatively in 28 patients (58%) and worsened in 20 (42%). The FOF-10 did not significantly correlate with memory scores from neuropsychological testing but did correlate with perceived word finding difficulty (p<0.001) and postoperative depression (p<0.05). A reduction in number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) after surgery distinguished those with improved postoperative SM. No correlation was found between SM and neuroticism, side of surgery or number of seizures. The FOF-10 is a brief and reliable measure of subjective memory in patients with epilepsy. Perceived memory impairment reflects more emotional state, language problems and quantity of AEDs than actual defects in memory function. These results would potentially be useful in presurgical counselling and management of memory issues after temporal lobe surgery.
Regulation of gill transcellular permeability and renal function during acute hypoxia in the Amazonian oscar (Astronotus ocellatus): new angles to the osmorespiratory compromise

SUMMARY Earlier studies demonstrated that oscars, endemic to ion-poor Amazonian waters, are extremely hypoxia tolerant, and exhibit a marked reduction in active unidirectional Na+ uptake rate (measured directly) but unchanged net Na+ balance during acute exposure to low PO2, indicating a comparable reduction in whole body Na+ efflux rate. However, branchial O2 transfer factor does not fall. The present study focused on the nature of the efflux reduction in the face of maintained gill O2 permeability. Direct measurements of 22Na appearance in the water from bladder-catheterized fish confirmed a rapid 55% fall in unidirectional Na+ efflux rate across the gills upon acute exposure to hypoxia (PO2=10–20 torr; 1 torr=133.3 Pa), which was quickly reversed upon return to normoxia. An exchange diffusion mechanism for Na+ is not present, so the reduction in efflux was not directly linked to the reduction in Na+ influx. A quickly developing bradycardia occurred during hypoxia. Transepithelial potential, which was sensitive to water [Ca2+], became markedly less negative during hypoxia and was restored upon return to normoxia. Ammonia excretion, net K+ loss rates, and 3H2O exchange rates (diffusive water efflux rates) across the gills fell by 55–75% during hypoxia, with recovery during normoxia. Osmotic permeability to water also declined, but the fall (30%) was less than that in diffusive water permeability (70%). In total, these observations indicate a reduction in gill transcellular permeability during hypoxia, a conclusion supported by unchanged branchial efflux rates of the paracellular marker [3H]PEG-4000 during hypoxia and normoxic recovery. At the kidney, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and tubular Na+ reabsorption rate fell in parallel by 70% during hypoxia, facilitating additional reductions in costs and in urinary Na+, K+ and ammonia excretion rates. Scanning electron microscopy of the gill epithelium revealed no remodelling at a macro-level, but pronounced changes in surface morphology. Under normoxia, mitochondria-rich cells were exposed only through small apical crypts, and these decreased in number by 47% and in individual area by 65% during 3 h hypoxia. We suggest that a rapid closure of transcellular channels, perhaps effected by pavement cell coverage of the crypts, allows conservation of ions and reduction of ionoregulatory costs without compromise of O2 exchange capacity during acute hypoxia, a response very different from the traditional osmorespiratory compromise.
Pulmonary Function after Weight Loss in Obese Women Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: One-Year Followup

Introduction. Obesity is a condition that causes damage to the respiratory function. However, studies have demonstrated that weight loss due to bariatric surgery has resulted in a huge improvement on some lung volumes, but controversy still persists regarding the behavior of the respiratory muscle strength and IRV (inspiratory reserve volume). Objective. To evaluate the effect of weight loss, after 1 year of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), on the lung volumes and the respiratory muscle strength in obese women. Methods. 24 obese women candidates were recruited for RYGB. Lung volumes (spirometry) and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated in preoperative period and one year after surgery. Results. There was a significant increase in some lung volumes. However, when examining the components of the VC (vital capacity) separately, an increase in ERV (expiratory reserve volume) and reduction of IRV were observed. Moreover, a statistically significant reduction in the values of respiratory muscle strength was recorded: MIP (maximal inspiratory pressure) and MEP (maximal expiratory pressure). Conclusion. Weight loss induced by bariatric surgery provides an increase in some lung volumes of obese women, but reduction in IRV. Additionally, there was also a reduction in the respiratory muscle strength.
Wi-Pi: a study of WLAN security in Auckland CBD

The inherent nature of wireless networks exposes them to cyber threats. To keep this critical technology from attacks, advancements in security standards demand simultaneous outspread of their awareness among people. Periodic evaluation of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) security status in any given region recognizes the awareness trends and sets directions for concerned authorities. This research studies the prevailing security practices of WLANs in Auckland Central Business District (CBD), to describe the course of their alertness with respect to similar studies done in 2007 and 2013. Raspberry Pi 2 Model B is used for research to provide a basis for comparison and reference for future relevant studies. The results are significant from commercial perspective.
New spectral functions of the near-ground albedo derived from aircraft diffraction spectrometer observations

Abstract. The airborne spectral observations of the upward and downward irradiances are revisited to investigate the dependence of the near-ground albedo as a function of wavelength in the entire solar spectrum for different surfaces (sand, water, snow) and under different conditions (clear or cloudy sky). The radiative upward and downward fluxes were determined by a diffraction spectrometer flown on a research aircraft that was performing multiple flight paths near the ground. The results obtained show that the near-ground albedo does not generally increase with increasing wavelengths for all kinds of surfaces as is widely believed today. Particularly, in the case of water surfaces it was found that the albedo in the ultraviolet region is more or less independent of the wavelength on a long-term basis. Interestingly, in the visible and near-infrared spectra the water albedo obeys an almost constant power-law relationship with wavelength. In the case of sand surfaces it was found that the sand albedo is a quadratic function of wavelength, which becomes more accurate if the ultraviolet wavelengths are neglected. Finally, it was found that the spectral dependence of snow albedo behaves similarly to that of water, i.e. both decrease from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared wavelengths by 20–50%, despite the fact that their values differ by one order of magnitude (water albedo being lower). In addition, the snow albedo vs. ultraviolet wavelength is almost constant, while in the visible near-infrared spectrum the best simulation is achieved by a second-order polynomial, as in the case of sand, but with opposite slopes.
Feasibility of Using Realistic Job Previews in the Army Recruiter Training Process

Abstract : For this report, we examined whether or not using a realistic job preview (RJP) in the Army recruiter training process would improve recruiter performance, retention, and/or ability to deal with job stress. To this end, we (1) briefly describes Army recruiter training and the recruiting job itself, (2) describe how and why RPs work (3) consider whether RJPs would help in the Army recruiter training process and (4) discuss implementing and evaluating an Army recruiter RJP program. We conclude that RJPs could be quite useful in helping to retain and attract recruiters. However, our recommendation hinges on the Army (1) determining appropriate RJP outcomes, and (2) taking steps to reduce negative job features. Realistic job preview, Training, Socialization, Army recruiters.
Improving Health Analytic Process through Project, Communication and Knowledge Management

A health analytics process model is necessary to carryout projects in a manageable and a repeatable way without having to rely on the individual skills and experiences. This study is one of the first steps in developing a comprehensive process model for health analytics. Literature suggests that successful IT systems require project management, communication management and knowledge management dimensions. This paper explores the inter-relationship among these supporting dimensions on health analytic project performance based on apriori determinability of project requirements as per their difficulty and clarity. The data were collected by one author working as an intern in a health analytic department of a hospital. The findings from this case study will be useful in developing and evaluating a well-defined process model as well as a theoretical model to represent health analytics process model usability.
Stochastic Analysis of Uplink Interference in Two-Tier Femtocell Networks: Open Versus Closed Access

We introduce a stochastic analytical framework to compare the performance of open-access and closed-access modes in a two-tier femtocell network with regard to the uplink interference and the outage at both the macrocell and femtocell levels. A stochastic geometric approach is employed as the basis for our analysis. We present numerical methods to characterize the distributions of the uplink interference and the outage probabilities. We further derive sufficient conditions for the open-access and closed-access modes to outperform each other in terms of the outage probability at either the macrocell level or the femtocell level. This leads to closed-form expressions to upper and lower bound the difference in the targeted received power between the two access modes. Simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of the analytical model and the correctness of the bounds.
PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT IN PSYCHOLOGY: DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF COMPLAINTS REVIEWED BY THE COPC ETHICS COMMITTEE

In recent decades a significant increase has been observed in the number of complaints filed with ethical committees. The possibility of being the subject of a complaint is therefore a growing concern for professionals. However, research on ethics and codes of conduct in psychology is still very limited and real data on the complaints filed with Ethics Committees against psychologists are practically nonexistent. This article describes the results of a descriptive analysis of the complaints reviewed by the COPC Ethics Committee from 1998 to 2011. A total of 324 complaints were filed, but only 20% led to opening disciplinary proceedings, the judicial context being the professional area in which the highest percentage of complaints were filed (85%). Among the most prevalent reasons for complaints were making assessments without prior examination and partiality.