Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gendered ageism and “lookism”: a triple jeopardy for female academics

Purpose – This study set out to explore employees' experience and understandings of gender and age in higher education to identify if women in higher education experienced the double jeopardy of gendered ageism. Further the role of physical attractiveness and appearance in higher education is explored.Design/methodology/approach – Rich data were afforded by the qualitative method of in‐depth interviewing of 48 employees in a matched by gender, age grouping and academic status design. The recorded transcripts were subject to content and interpretative phenomenological analyses.Findings – This study supports previous findings in different workplace settings that women, both academics and non‐academics, experience the double jeopardy of being discriminated against on the grounds of their age and gender in a way that men do not experience. Emergent themes are women: question they experience age discrimination as any perceived discrimination may be gender related and not only age‐related (uncertainty); are soc.
Dimensions of Relationship Quality

Four studies examined the dimensions of relationship quality. In Study 1, based on a principal components analysis, four dimensions underlying the prototype of relationship quality were identified: intimacy, agreement, independence, and sexuality. The four–factorial structure was replicated both with a German sample (Study 2) and a Canadian sample (Study 3). Study 4 tested the validity of scales based on the four–factorial structure of relationship quality with German and Canadian samples. Relationship satisfaction was predicted well by the four scales, with intimacy contributing most, and sexuality least, to overall relationship satisfaction. The four scales correlated as predicted with other constructs relevant to close relationships, such as commitment, trust, love, and the like. Consequences for the measurement of relationship quality are discussed.
A thematic analysis of young people's experience of counselling in five secondary schools in the UK

Aim: To investigate young people's views on the effects of school-based counselling, and what they found helpful and unhelpful. Method: Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted and thematically analysed. Findings: Participants expressed predominantly positive views of school-based counselling with changes in three main domains: emotional, interpersonal and behavioural. Participants viewed these changes as having had an important effect on their lives. The most commonly cited helpful aspects of counselling were related to talking or getting things out, and counsellor qualities. Conclusions: School-based counselling is viewed positively by those who have experienced it, and appears to be an appropriate and valuable intervention for young people.
From I to we: Social identity and the collective self.

Social identity theory is a nonreductionist account of the relationship between collective self and social group. Cognitive-motivational processes affect, and are affected by, group, intergroup, and societal processes, to make people behave and think about themselves and others in ways that are generally characteristics of groups and specifically shaped by the social context. The development and current status of social identity theory is described historically, as part of the debate between collectivistic and individualistic perspectives on social psychology, the social group, and the self-concept. The authors trace the debate from Wundt through Durkheim, LeBon, McDougall, Mead, and the 'crisis in social psychology' and show how the development of European social psychology framed the development of social identity theory. The article concludes with a critical discussion of the collectivistic credentials of social identity theory.
The use of whey protein concentrate in management of chronic hepatitis C virus – a pilot study

Introduction Whey protein contains biologically active ingredients that can prevent and attenuate disease besides being nutritive. The aim of the study was to clarify the effects of oral administration of whey protein on viral load and host defence mechanisms, in particular, phagocytic function of neutrophils, selected immunomodulatory cytokines and serum inflammatory markers, in compensated chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Material and methods Twenty-seven HCV patients (20 males and 7 females) recruited from the hepatology clinic of the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) were given whey protein concentrate (WPC) twice daily for two months. In addition, 15 age and sex matched healthy participants were included in the study, as a control group. Neutrophil phagocytic activity, serum intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), interleukin-2 (IL-2), nitric oxide (NO), as well as HCV-RNA levels and routine investigations were determined for patients, before and after WPC supplementation and once for the control group. Results There was a significant decrease in viral load and markers of active inflammation, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), while serum albumin, total leucocyte counts and absolute neutrophil counts showed significant elevation accompanied by improvement of neutrophil phagocytic activity after WPC supplementation compared to pre-treated levels. The oral WPC supplementation was well tolerated without any serious adverse events. Conclusions Oral supplementation of WPC has promising results as a new therapeutic strategy against HCV and its sequelae by decreasing the viral load and active inflammation as well as improving the synthetic capacity of the liver and the phagocytic function of neutrophils, in these patients.
Death education for aspiring physicians, teachers, and funeral directors

Abstract This paper reports the results of a 1986 survey designed to explore the amount of death education now being offered in schools of education, medicine, and funeral service. Moreover, practitioners in the fields of education, medicine, and funeral service, surveyed to determine the adequacy of their death education and related topics, indicate few received death education, those who received such education feel it was inadequate, and most feel more death education should be offered. Although most practitioners indicate satisfaction with their own understanding of death, their responses on a death attitude scale show that a statistically significant difference exists among the three occupational groups regarding their attitudes toward death.
Cofilin determines the migration behavior and turning frequency of metastatic cancer cells

We have investigated the effects of inhibiting the expression of cofilin to understand its role in protrusion dynamics in metastatic tumor cells, in particular. We show that the suppression of cofilin expression in MTLn3 cells (an apolar randomly moving amoeboid metastatic tumor cell) caused them to extend protrusions from only one pole, elongate, and move rectilinearly. This remarkable transformation was correlated with slower extension of fewer, more stable lamellipodia leading to a reduced turning frequency. Hence, the loss of cofilin caused an amoeboid tumor cell to assume a mesenchymal-type mode of movement. These phenotypes were correlated with the loss of uniform chemotactic sensitivity of the cell surface to EGF stimulation, demonstrating that to chemotax efficiently, a cell must be able to respond to chemotactic stimulation at any region on its surface. The changes in cell shape, directional migration, and turning frequency were related to the re-localization of Arp2/3 complex to one pole of the cell upon suppression of cofilin expression.
Humanistic Attitudes, Values, System Justification, and Control Beliefs in a Turkish Sample

The values, humanistic attitudes, perceived democratic level, and justification of the educational system and personal control beliefs about the educational system in Turkey were investigated. The sample consisted of 211 teacher candidates and 155 teachers from different public schools in Izmir. Data were gathered using the Polarity Scale (Tomkins, Stone, & Schaffner, 1988), Schwartz Value Scale (Sagiv & Schwartz, 1995), and the following three scales which were developed for this study: Perceived Democracy in Education System Scale, Control Beliefs Scale, and System Justification Scale. Results demonstrated significant differences between the teachers and teacher candidates for control beliefs, system justification, and some dimensions of Schwartz’s Value Scale. Also, age and sex are seen to be related to humanistic values and perceived democratic level of the educational system. Multiple correlations are determined between the beliefs, values, and attitudes of participants in relation to different dimensions of the education system. The results are discussed in relation to democratic education.
Regional Brain Gray Matter Loss in Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) patients exhibit enhanced sympathetic tone, aberrant responses to blood pressure challenges, and sleep-related breathing disorders, suggesting that the syndrome is accompanied by central neural deficits. We assessed regional gray matter volumes over the entire brain in nine HF patients (51 +/- 10 yr; left ventricular ejection fraction 0.27 +/- 0.06; six men) and 27 healthy controls (46 +/- 12 yr; 22 men) using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate potential neural damage. Regional volumes were evaluated by using voxel-based morphometry while controlling for age, gender, and handedness. HF patients showed significant and largely lateralized gray matter loss in autonomic and respiratory-related areas as well as regions not classically associated with such control, including the insula and basal ganglia, right cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal/fusiform gyrus, dorsal midbrain extending to the posterior and medial thalamus, ventral and superior lateral frontal cortex, bilateral cerebellar quadrangular lobules and right fastigial and neighboring nuclei, and bilateral deep parietal and lateral parietal-occipital cortex. Areas of gray matter loss may contribute to inappropriate cognitive, autonomic, and breathing regulation in HF.
Participation of Youth in Physical Education from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

Participation of Youth in Physical Education from the Perspective of Self-Determination TheoryPurpose. The purpose of the study was to determine whether perceived competence, autonomy and relatedness are correlated with behavioral regulations proposed in the self-determination theory; and to examine effects of these regulations on the intention to fully participate in physical education lessons and on experiencing boredom during them. Basic procedures. The study used a crosssectional analysis. A total of 293 middle- and high-school students took part in the experiment. Participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (path analysis). Main findings. Out of the theorized psychological mediators of behavioral regulations only perceived competence and relatedness turned out to be statistically significant. Perceived competence was the strongest predictor of both intrinsic motivation (positive) and amotivation (negative). As a consequence of behavioral regulations, intention to participate was positively predicted by intrinsic motivation and negatively by amotivation, whereas boredom was negatively predicted by intrinsic motivation and positively by amotivation. Conclusions. To support students' intentions to fully participate in physical education classes and to reduce boredom experienced during them PE teachers should promote students' intrinsic motivation to participate in physical education. This can be possible when perceived physical competence in the PE context is supported and positive interpersonal relationships between students are promoted.
Retinal microenvironment controls resident and infiltrating macrophage function during uveoretinitis.

PURPOSE Macrophages infiltrating an inflamed or injured tissue undergo development of coordinated sets of properties that contribute to tissue damage, repair, and remodeling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether macrophages isolated from normal or inflamed retina are programmed to a distinct set of properties and to examine whether the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) affects macrophage function. METHODS EAU was induced in Lewis rats, and a retina-derived macrophage-enriched population was generated by density centrifugation during the prepeak, peak, and resolution phases of the disease. Cell surface phenotype was assessed by two- and three-color flow cytometry, and function was determined in vitro by nitric oxide (NO) production, with or without further cytokine stimulation or by immunohistochemistry to determine expression of beta-glucuronidase, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2, and nitrotyrosine. RESULTS Myeloid-derived cells from normal retina were programmed similar to TGF-beta-stimulated uncommitted bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Contrary to BMDM behavior, retina-isolated macrophages displayed distinct properties and phenotype at different phases of the disease course and remained resistant throughout, to further cytokine challenge in vitro. During peak disease, retina-isolated macrophages had characteristics of IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha primed cells (nitrotyrosine positive and NO producing). Despite equivalent numbers of macrophages during resolution, their function reverted to characteristics of TGF-beta primed cells (beta-glucuronidase positive). CONCLUSIONS Resident retinal myeloid-derived cells are primed and are resistant to further cytokine stimulation, and, similar to macrophages derived during EAU recovery, behave operationally as though TGF-beta primed. During peak inflammation, infiltrating macrophages adapt to concurrent hierarchical Th1 T-cell response (IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha), generating NO. The results provide evidence of in vivo programming of macrophages within the retina.
Individual Difference and Study-Specific Characteristics Influencing Attitudes about the Use of Animals in Medical Research

Research has shown that both individual difference characteristics (e.g., sex, attachment to pets) and study-specific characteristics (e.g., type of animal used) influence the extent to which people support or oppose the use of animals in research. The current study examined how three study-specific characteristics (type of animal used, level of harm to the animal, and severity of the disease being investigated) influenced attitudes toward the use of animals in biomedical research. Participants read one of 27 scenarios describing the use of an animal in research. Scenarios systematically varied each of the study-specific characteristics described above. Participants then completed a survey to assess their support for, or opposition to, the research described. Data on attachment to pets and attitudes toward the treatment of animals were also collected. Analysis of variance revealed significant main effects for each of the study-specific characteristics. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the individual difference and study-specific characteristics accounted for 49% of the variability in opposition to the use of animals in biomedical research among men, and 37% among women. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Relative Age Effect Revisited: Findings from the Dance Domain

The relative age effect is a worldwide phenomenon. While there is solid empirical evidence for the existence in sports like soccer and ice hockey, there are also some findings indicating the absence of the phenomenon. In an earlier study, no support was found with Dutch top-level athletes in table tennis and in volleyball. The explanation was that in athletic tasks which depend heavily on the technical ability (or motor skill) of the participant, a relative age effect will not be observed. In the present study this supposition was tested again with three samples of Dutch preprofessional dance students (overall number of subjects: 546). Again no support was obtained for the relative age effect. Therefore, a case is being built that the relative age effect is not an omnipresent phenomenon.
Men as caregivers : theory, research, and service implications

Today, more and more caregivers are male. Despite this fact, the vast majority of research on caregiving has centered on the experience of the female caregiver. This volume addresses the fundamental gap in our knowledge and theories about the growing male subpopulation of caregivers. The authors identify the serious limitations that result from viewing men caregivers through the lens of women's experiences, and call for an unbiased and fresh perspective in future research. Special consideration is given to men who care for a family member with dementia; fathers of adult children with mental retardation; gay male caregivers for partners with AIDS; and sons and parent care.
Assessing a Measure of Femininity Ideology for Low-Income, Latina Adolescent Girls

The purpose of the study presented here was to examine whether a measure of femininity ideology, normed on largely white, middle-class samples of adolescent girls, could be verified among a sample of low-income Latina adolescents. The results revealed that the previously identified factor structure could not be confirmed for this sample, which brings the scales’ validity for use with low-income, Latina samples into question. These findings suggest that minority girls may interpret femininity ideologies differently than do white, middle-class girls and underscore the importance of examining the validity of measurement tools for use with diverse populations. They emphasize that improving measurement for diverse populations is needed to develop culturally responsive and relevant intervention strategies.
Gender and Condom Use among Black South African Young People

Using longitudinal data collected in KwaZulu-Natal in 1999-2001, we examined how gender may influence black South African young people's perceptions of sexual risk, barriers they perceive to using condoms, characteristics of the relationships they form, and their condom use. Net of sociodemographic characteristics, young women with greater perceived susceptibility to AIDS were less likely to use condoms, as were young men with low confidence in their knowledge of condom use and young people who agreed that using condoms signals mistrust of one's partner. Age discordant relationships, relationship concurrency, and more frequent sex were associated with lower condom use among young men and women, while longer relationship durations were associated with lower use among women only. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and intervention.
Community College Education in a Juvenile Residential Treatment Facility: A Case Study of the Academic Achievement of Incarcerated Juveniles

ABSTRACT The Development Under College Level Outreach and Extension Program (D.U.C.L.O.U.X.) was an educational program designed to increase the level of quality education received by incarcerated juveniles. The objective was to provide an advanced level of education, in the form of basic level community college courses, to academically challenge responsible incarcerated juveniles and reduce the risk of recidivism. The D.U. C.L. O.U. X. program was designed as a case study by the author to implement a college-level education program into a juvenile incarcerating facility. The 13- to 18-year-old young persons, of or near high school age, attended the program on site, in addition to receiving the normal education provided to all incarcerated juveniles in the secure lock-up facility.
One-loop renormalization of the four-dimensional theory for quantum dilaton gravity.

We study one loop renormalization in the most general metric-dilaton theory with second derivative terms only. The classical action includes three arbitrary functions of the dilaton. The general theory can be divided into two classes. Models of one are equivalent to gravity conformally coupled to a scalar field and also to general relativity with a cosmological term. The models of the second class have one extra degree of freedom which corresponds to the dilaton. We calculate the one loop divergences for the models of the second class and find that the theory is not renormalizable off the mass shell. At the same time the arbitrary functions of the dilaton in the starting action can be fine-tuned in such a way that all the higher derivative counterterms disappear on shell. The only structures in both the classical action and counterterms, which survive on shell, are the potential (cosmological) ones. They can be removed by renormalization of the dilaton field that acquires the nontrivial anomalous dimension, which leads to the effective running of the cosmological constant. Another application of our calculations is the following. For some special choice of the arbitrary functions our dilaton model is equivalent to general relativity with an additional ${\mathit{R}}^{2}$ term. Such an equivalence holds at the quantum level if we do not introduce the external source for the dilaton field. Thus our calculations in a general dilaton model in original variables include quantum \ensuremath{\Lambda}+\ensuremath{\alpha}R+\ensuremath{\beta}${\mathit{R}}^{2}$ theory as the particular case.
Management of the Brown Recluse Spider Bite

A model to study the dermonecrotic effects of a crude fraction of venom from the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) was developed using female New Zealand white rabbits. In the rabbit model, surgical excision of the sites of intradermally injected crude venom did not always prevent subsequent necrosis or wound dehiscence despite the use of fluorescein to determine the surgical margin. Heparin and steroids did not prevent the venom-induced necrosis and were much less effective than surgical excision or injecting a specific antivenom. When given within 24 hours, the specific antivenom raised against the brown recluse spider venom blocked or markedly attenuated the toxic effects of the venom in the rabbit model system.
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Concept Questionnaire

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Self-Concept Questionnaire (SCQ). Data from three samples were used: (1) a representative sample of women (18-30 years) from the general population of Sweden (n = 826), (2) a student sample (n = 124), and (3) a clinical sample (n = 43) comprising patients with eating disorders. Principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in a five-factor solution that accounted for 46% of the variance. The students responded to the SCQ twice within 3 weeks and the SCQ showed high test-retest reliability with no significant differences in the mean total scores between the first and second set of responses. In all the samples, the SCQ showed very high internal consistency, ranging from . 94 to . 97. The SCQ showed high validity as it correlated highly with Rosenberg scale of self-esteem in the patient group, and the Ineffectiveness subscale of the Eating Disorders Inventory in the student sample. Furthermore, the SC.