Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on correlations in single ion channel records

General expressions are derived for the correlation coefficients between the length of an opening and that of the nth subsequent opening for a single ion channel. Analogous results are given for the correlation between shut times, and between an open time and subsequent shut times. An alternative derivation of the results of Fredkin et al. (in Proc. Berkeley Conf. in honor of Neyman & Kiefer, vol. 1, pp. 269-289 (1985)) is given, and their results are extended to the case where openings occur in bursts. Expressions are given for the correlation between the first and nth opening in a burst, between the lengths of bursts, and between the number of openings per burst. Each of these sorts of correlation can give information about the connections that exist between the various states of the system; interpretations of the correlations are discussed. Expressions are derived for the distributions of the nth open time, shut time, burst length, etc. following the application of a perturbation (e. g. a voltage jump or a concentration jump). It is shown that these distributions will all be the same (namely the equilibrium distribution) only in the case where the openings, burst lengths, etc. are not correlated. Certain reaction schemes predict a component in the distribution of the number of openings per burst that has a unit mean (i. e. a component of isolated single openings). For some schemes this component is predicted to have zero amplitude, in principle, whereas in others it may be quite prominent. The presence or absence of this component can give information about the way in which the various states of the system are connected. The interpretation in terms of mechanism is discussed.
Risky Behaviors Among Ohio Appalachian Adults

This article describes the prevalence of risky behaviors known to be associated with increased cancer morbidity and mortality among Ohio Appalachian adults. These behaviors, or risk factors, include: 1) tobacco use; 2) energy imbalance (involving poor diet, obesity, and physical inactivity); and 3) sexual behaviors. We report current estimates of the prevalence of these behaviors among Ohio Appalachian adult residents and review social, psychological, and biological variables associated with these risky behaviors. We also present recent empirical studies that have been completed or are in progress in Ohio Appalachia. Finally, we discuss how these studies help bridge well-documented gaps in the literature.
Effectiveness of antiepileptic drug combination therapy for partial-onset seizures based on mechanisms of action.

IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, the current study is the first to describe antiepileptic drug (AED) combination therapy patterns according to their mechanism of action (MOA) in a real-world setting and to evaluate the differences in outcomes comparing different-MOA combination therapy with same-MOA combination therapy for patients with partial-onset seizure. OBJECTIVE To compare treatment persistence and health care use with AED combinations categorized by MOA in patients with partial-onset seizures. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims Database containing 96 million covered lives from July 1, 2004, through March 31, 2011, adults with concomitant use of 2 different AEDs and a recent partial-onset seizure diagnosis were selected. Antiepileptic drugs were categorized by MOA: sodium channel blockers (SC), gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs (G), synaptic vesicle protein 2A binding (SV2), and multiple mechanisms (M). Patients were assigned a combination category based on their concomitant AED use. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Treatment persistence was measured from the start of AED combination therapy until the end of the combination. Health care resource use was measured during the combination treatment duration. Multivariate analyses evaluated AED discontinuation risk and health care use according to MOA combinations. RESULTS Distribution of 8615 selected patients by combination was 3.3% for G+G, 7.5% for G+SV2, 8.6% for G+M, 13.9% for SC+SC, 19.0% for G+SC, 21.5% for SC+M, and 26.3% for SC+SV2. The same-MOA (G+G and SC+SC) combinations had the shortest persistence (mean [SD], 344 [345] days and 513 [530] days, respectively) and greater hazard of discontinuation compared with different-MOA combinations. Patients with different-MOA G combinations had a significantly lower risk for inpatient admission (odds ratio, 0.716; 95% CI, 0.539-0.952; P = .02) compared with G+G combinations. Patients with different-MOA SC combinations had significantly lower risks for emergency department visits (odds ratio, 0.853; 95% CI, 0.742-0.980; P = .03) compared with SC+SC combinations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that AED combinations with different MOAs have greater effectiveness as measured by treatment persistence and lower risks for hospitalization and emergency department visits. Further research is needed to more fully understand the role of the MOA in achieving optimal outcomes.
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into the Tropism of Epstein-Barr Virus

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the prototypical γ-herpesvirus and an obligate human pathogen that infects mainly epithelial cells and B cells, which can result in malignancies. EBV infects these target cells by fusing with the viral and cellular lipid bilayer membranes using multiple viral factors and host receptor(s) thus exhibiting a unique complexity in its entry machinery. To enter epithelial cells, EBV requires minimally the conserved core fusion machinery comprised of the glycoproteins gH/gL acting as the receptor-binding complex and gB as the fusogen. EBV can enter B cells using gp42, which binds tightly to gH/gL and interacts with host HLA class II, activating fusion. Previously, we published the individual crystal structures of EBV entry factors, such as gH/gL and gp42, the EBV/host receptor complex, gp42/HLA-DR1, and the fusion protein EBV gB in a postfusion conformation, which allowed us to identify structural determinants and regions critical for receptor-binding and membrane fusion. Recently, we reported different low resolution models of the EBV B cell entry triggering complex (gHgL/gp42/HLA class II) in “open” and “closed” states based on negative-stain single particle electron microscopy, which provide further mechanistic insights. This review summarizes the current knowledge of these key players in EBV entry and how their structures impact receptor-binding and the triggering of gB-mediated fusion.
Corneal flap thickness with the Moria M2 single-use head 90 microkeratome in 72 consecutive LASIK procedures

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of corneal flap thickness in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with the Moria M2 single-use head 90 microkeratome. Methods The central corneal thickness of 72 (37 right, 35 left) eyes of 37 patients was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry preoperatively and intraoperatively after flap cut. The Moria M2 single-use head 90 microkeratome was used to create a superior hinged flap in all eyes. The right eyes were always operated on before the left eyes in each patient, using the same blade in all bilateral cases. All patients underwent LASIK for myopia and/or myopic astigmatism using VISX Star S4 platform. Results The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −3.55±2.30 D (range: −0.625 to −11.00 D), preoperative central corneal thickness by ultrasonic pachymetry was 541±26.82 µm (490–600 µm) and steepest K was 44.08±1.49 D (40–46.75 D) in all eyes. The mean flap thickness was 136.97±20.07 µm (106–192 µm), 131.2±19.5 µm (91–192 µm), and 134.16±19.85 µm (91–192 µm) in the right, left, and both eyes, respectively. A positive significant relationship was found between flap thickness and preoperative ultrasonic pachymetry thickness. No significant relationship was found between flap thickness and the age, preoperative spherical equivalent, and preoperative steepest K. The difference between the first and second eyes was not significant. There were no major intraoperative and postoperative complications in all eyes. Conclusion The Moria M2 single-use head 90 microkeratome cut relatively thicker flaps than were intended. The flap thickness range was quite wide. This was a disadvantage for the accuracy and consistency of corneal flap thickness.
Exploring patterns of daily physical and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND recent evidence suggests that the interaction between periods of sedentary and activity behaviour is important for health; providing distinctive information to assessment of activity alone. This study quantified activity and sedentary behaviour in older, community-dwelling adults. METHODS fifty-six community-dwelling older adults with an average age 79 (SD) years wore an ActivPAL accelerometer for 7 days and were assessed for a range of motor, cognitive and affective characteristics. Seven variables derived from accelerometry considered to represent four characteristics of habitual behaviour (volume, frequency, intensity and variability) were submitted to principal components factor analysis (PCA). Factor scores were retained and used as dependent variables in regression analysis. RESULTS three significant orthogonal factors emerged from the PCA, accounting for 80% of the variance in test scores: 'walking behaviour' which accounted for 39% of variance in the model; 'sedentary behaviour' explaining 24.3% of total variance; and 'postural transitions' which accounted for 16.7% of total variance. For the regression analysis, younger age and lower body mass index (BMI) emerged as significant predictors of physical behaviour, explaining 36% of the total variance. For postural transitions, lower BMI was the unique contributor, explaining 15% of total variance. Significant predictors of sedentary behaviours were not identified. CONCLUSIONS walking, sedentary and transitory behaviours are distinct from each other, and together explain daily function. Further research on a larger sample is indicated to explore the characteristics that explain these behaviours, in particular the interplay between sedentary behaviour and periods of physical activity.
Kif3a Guides Microtubular Dynamics, Migration and Lumen Formation of MDCK Cells

The microtubular motor Kinesin-2 and its subunit Kif3a are essential for the formation of primary cilia, an organelle implicated in a wide spectrum of developmental abnormalities. Outside cilia, Kinesin-2 mediated transport has been implicated in vesicle and N-cadherin transport, but it is unknown if and how extraciliary Kif3a affects basic cellular functions such as migration or the formation of multicellular structures. Here we show that tetracycline inducible depletion of Kif3a in MDCK cells slows epithelial cell migration. Microtubules at the leading edge of Kif3a depleted cells failed to grow perpendicularly into the leading edge and microtubular dynamics were dampened in Kif3a depleted cells. Loss of Kif3a retarded lateral membrane specification and completely prevented the formation of three-dimensional spheres in collagen. These data uncover that Kif3a regulates the microtubular cytoskeleton in the cell periphery and imply that extra-ciliary Kif3a has an unexpected function in morphogenesis.
Role conflict and performance: An elusive association?

Although role stress has been much investigated with regard to performance in organizational contexts, meta-analytic support for a robust relationship between role conflict and performance is surprisingly scarce. The present study considers how the experience of role stress (i.e., the presence of unclear and/or conflicting role expectations) may influence performance in sport teams characterized by a high degree of task interdependence. Based on Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, and Snoek’s (1964) role episode model, we hypothesized that conflicting information regarding one’s role would detract from one’s performance through its positive association with role ambiguity. Club and university interdependent sports team athletes ( N = 243) from 30 teams and their respective head coaches participated in the study. Athletes identified their four primary roles and subsequently completed a questionnaire assessing perceptions of role conflict and the scope of responsibilities subscale from the Role Ambiguity Scale (Beauchamp, Bray, Eys, & Carron, 2002). To reduce some of the concerns associated with common method variance, an informant rating of role performance was obtained via each athlete’s head coach. Multi-level analysis (MLwiN; Browne, Rasbash, & Charlton, 2012) was employed to model the nested nature of the data. Results revealed that the predicted indirect effect was significant. More specifically, we found a positive association between role conflict and role ambiguity. Conversely, role ambiguity was negatively related with role performance. The findings offer support for the influence of role conflict—albeit through an indirect manner—and suggest that it would be remise of applied practitioners to ignore its impact within sports teams. Future research should continue to investigate the experience of role stress and consider if additional mediating variables (e.g., collective efficacy) are relevant to the role conflict—role performance association.
Investigating the Detection of Adverse Drug Events in a UK General Practice Electronic Health-Care Database

Data-mining techniques have frequently been developed for Spontaneous reporting databases. These techniques aim to find adverse drug events accurately and efficiently. Spontaneous reporting databases are prone to missing information, under reporting and incorrect entries. This often results in a detection lag or prevents the detection of some adverse drug events. These limitations do not occur in electronic health-care databases. In this paper, existing methods developed for spontaneous reporting databases are implemented on both a spontaneous reporting database and a general practice electronic health-care database and compared. The results suggests that the application of existing methods to the general practice database may help find signals that have gone undetected when using the spontaneous reporting system database. In addition the general practice database provides far more supplementary information, that if incorporated in analysis could provide a wealth of information for identifying adverse events more accurately.
A CAD approach of microwave optical systems including noise performance

A technique for the simulation of a microwave optical system is described. This technique, based on microwave CAD software, allows the simulation of the gain and noise performance. The optical devices are described using either an equivalent circuit approach or equation based models. The simulations of a simple RF optical link and of a more complex system, a microwave optical delay line frequency discriminator, are presented.
Comparison of Analgesic Effect between Gabapentin and Diclofenac on Post-Operative Pain in Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy

We the latest manuscript by et al. entitled “Comparison of Analgesic Effect between Gabapentin and Diclofenac on Post-Op-erative Pain in Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy” avail-able in Archives of Trauma Research (1). Ninety patients were included to receive 20 mg/kg oral gabapentin (n = 30), 1.0 mg/kg rectal diclofenac (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) preoperatively. Pain was evaluated postoperatively at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Authors concluded that gabapentin and diclofenac reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption without any obvious side effects.
Min-Max MSE Precoding for Broadcast Channels Based on Statistical Channel State Information

Linear precoding for the wireless MIMO broadcast channel with multiple antennas at the transmitter and non-cooperative single antenna receivers is considered. For statistical channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter a novel optimization problem for adaptive precoding based on the mean square error (MSE) is solved, which can also deal with incomplete CSI at the receivers, i.e., the receivers' channel estimates rely on a common pilot channel. We explicitly model the receivers' (limited) processing capabilities, which leads to a performance advantage over existing signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) approaches
An Online Mechanism for BGP Instability Detection and Analysis

The importance of border gateway protocol (BGP) as the primary interautonomous system (AS) routing protocol that maintains the connectivity of the Internet imposes stringent stability requirements on its route selection process. Accidental and malicious activities such as misconfigurations, failures, and worm attacks can induce severe BGP instabilities leading to data loss, extensive delays, and loss of connectivity. In this work, we propose an online instability detection architecture that can be implemented by individual routers. We use statistical pattern recognition techniques for detecting the instabilities, and the algorithm is evaluated using real Internet data for a diverse set of events including misconfiguration, node failures, and several worm attacks. The proposed scheme is based on adaptive segmentation of feature traces extracted from BGP update messages and exploiting the temporal and spatial correlations in the traces for robust detection of the instability events. Furthermore, we use route change information to pinpoint the culprit ASes where the instabilities have originated.
Automatic monitoring and control of museums’ environment based on Wireless Sensor Networks

In museums, it is critical to properly conserve the existing artwork. For this purpose, it is fundamental to continuously monitor its environment, either in storage or exhibition rooms. Contrarily to traditional measuring equipments and procedures used in museums, the deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can help to implement these measurements continuously, in a real-time basis, and in a much easier and cheaper way. This is the main objective of the WISE-MUSE project, which proposes the use of WSNs for museums' environmental and structural monitoring, and automatic environmental control. In this paper, the implementation and the main results of the WISE-MUSE project, which was carried out in a contemporary art museum, are described. Among other important contributions that will also be described in this paper, the development of a new wireless sensor node and a Web-based visualization tool, which bring some considerable advantages when compared with other commercially available solutions, are emphasized.
Evaluating System Capabilities and User Performance in the Battlefield Augmented Reality System

Abstract : We describe a first experiment in evaluating the system capabilities of the Battlefield Augmented Reality System, an interactive system designed to present military information to dismounted warfighters. We describe not just the current experiment, but a methodology of both system evaluation and user performance measurement in the system, and show how both types of tests will be useful in system development. We summarize results in a perceptual experiment being used to inform system design, and discuss ongoing and future experiments to which the work described herein leads.
A new secure and practical electronic voting protocol without revealing voters identity

E-voting systems are important tools for community participation in essential decisions of society. In comparison with traditional voting systems, e-voting systems have special advantages. Any e- voting system is based on an e-voting protocol. In this paper, a new secure and efficient e-voting protocol is proposed based on ElGamal cryptosystem which provide all security requirements of a practical electronic voting. One of the new properties of proposed protocol is protection of voter's identity against Authorities and adversary by using implementable physical assumptions. In this protocol, each voter distributes his/her secret key among the election Authorities and finally eligible voters are recognition from their public key. Also due to having low communication volume, the proposed protocol is suitable for internet voting and communication networks with less bandwidth. Keywords-component; Electronic Voting; ElGamal Cryptosystem; Homomorphic Encryption; Voter's Certificates, Voter's Identity.
Coupled dynamics of node and link states in complex networks: a model for language competition

Inspired by language competition processes, we present a model of coupled evolution of node and link states. In particular, we focus on the interplay between the use of a language and the preference or attitude of the speakers towards it, which we model, respectively, as a property of the interactions between speakers (a link state) and as a property of the speakers themselves (a node state). Furthermore, we restrict our attention to the case of two socially equivalent languages and to socially inspired network topologies based on a mechanism of triadic closure. As opposed to most of the previous literature, where language extinction is an inevitable outcome of the dynamics, we find a broad range of possible asymptotic configurations, which we classify as: frozen extinction states, frozen coexistence states, and dynamically trapped coexistence states. Moreover, metastable coexistence states with very long survival times and displaying a non-trivial dynamics are found to be abundant. Interestingly, a system size scaling analysis shows, on the one hand, that the probability of language extinction vanishes exponentially for increasing system sizes and, on the other hand, that the time scale of survival of the non-trivial dynamical metastable states increases linearly with the size of the system. Thus, non-trivial dynamical coexistence is the only possible outcome for large enough systems. Finally, we show how this coexistence is characterized by one of the languages becoming clearly predominant while the other one becomes increasingly confined to ‘ghetto-like’ structures: small groups of bilingual speakers arranged in triangles, with a strong preference for the minority language, and using it for their intra-group interactions while they switch to the predominant language for communications with the rest of the population.
Permanent magnet brushless machines with unequal tooth widths and similar slot and pole numbers

The paper presents a comparative study of 3-phase permanent magnet brushless machines in which the slot and pole numbers are similar, with reference to conventional brushless dc machines in which the ratio of the slot number to pole number is usually 3:2. Three different motor designs are considered. Two have equal tooth widths, with one having a coil wound on every tooth and the other only having a coil wound on alternate teeth, while the third machine also has coils wound on alternate teeth but these are wider than the unwound teeth whilst the width of their tooth tips is almost equal to the rotor pole-pitch in order to maximize the flux-linkage and torque. Analytical and finite element methods are employed to predict the flux-linkage and back-emf waveforms, and the self- and mutual-inductances, and these are shown to be in good agreement with measured results. It is also shown that the third machine is eminently appropriate for brushless dc operation.