Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior problems in the classroom: A national survey of inter ventions used by classroom teachers

Research has investigated different variables involved in the implementation of behavioral interventions in the classroom. Results suggest that different factors such as acceptability of the intervention, psychologist-related variables, teachers' preferences, variables involving the intervention itself, and children's intervention preferences affect the implementation of behavioral interventions. However, no research has investigated the types of interventions teachers actually use in the classroom for behavior problems. This study surveyed a national stratified random sample of 228 regular and special education teachers. A questionnaire that had been previously developed by the researchers was utilized to ask what methods were used by the teachers to remediate behavior problems in their classrooms. Data were analyzed to determine types of interventions used and relationships to gender, degree, type of school (elementary, middle, or high school), grade taught, type of class (regular or special education), and region. Implications for school psychologists are discussed.
Kidney preservation with pulsatile and non-pulsatile hypothermic serum perfusion. Renal clearances in pigs with autotransplanted 24-hour preserved kidneys.

Preservation of pig kidneys for 24 hours at 8°C has been studied using continuous perfusion with cryoprecipitated, microfiltered serum with a pH of 7.67, an oxygen tension of 520 mm Hg and a flow rate of 0.2 ml/g kidney tissue/min. Twenty consecutive experiments were performed. In all cases rapid onset of urine flow was seen after autotransplantation of the kidney, and histological examination one hour after recirculation showed only minor tubular damage in most cases. Nine animals died from complications unrelated to the perfusion. Two animals died from uraemia due to technically deficient perfusion (clamping of the renal vein and perfusion with lipaemic serum). With apparently optimal technique three animals died from cortical necrosis whereas six survived and were observed for three months. Measurements of inulin, endogenous creatinine, urea and PAH clearance 10, 31 and 94 days after transplantation in these six animals showed normal values as compared to a control group of autotransplanted, not long-term preserved pig kidneys. There was no difference in the results using pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow.
Psychologists’ perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: Results from the WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey

This study examined psychologists’ views and practices regarding diagnostic classification systems for mental and behavioral disorders so as to inform the development of the ICD-11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO and the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) conducted a multilingual survey of 2155 psychologists from 23 countries, recruited through their national psychological associations. Sixty percent of global psychologists routinely used a formal classification system, with ICD-10 used most frequently by 51% and DSM-IV by 44%. Psychologists viewed informing treatment decisions and facilitating communication as the most important purposes of classification, and preferred flexible diagnostic guidelines to strict criteria. Clinicians favorably evaluated most diagnostic categories, but identified a number of problematic diagnoses. Substantial percentages reported problems with crosscultural applicability and cultural bias, especially among psychologists outside the USA and Europe. Findings underscore the priority of clinical utility and professional and cultural differences in international psychology. Implications for ICD-11 development and dissemination are discussed.
Demographic and Clinical Features and Prescribing Patterns of Psychotropic Medications in Patients with the Melancholic Subtype of Major Depressive Disorder in China

Background Little has been known about the demographic and clinical features of the melancholic subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese patients. This study examined the frequency of melancholia in Chinese MDD patients and explored its demographic and clinical correlates and prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs. Methods A consecutively collected sample of 1,178 patients with MDD were examined in 13 psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric units of general hospitals in China nationwide. The cross-sectional data of patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. The diagnosis of the melancholic subtype was established using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Medications ascertained included antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. Results Six hundred and twenty nine (53.4%) of the 1,178 patients fulfilled criteria for melancholia. In multiple logistic regression analyses, compared to non-melancholic counterparts, melancholic MDD patients were more likely to be male and receive benzodiazepines, had more frequent suicide ideations and attempts and seasonal depressive episodes, while they were less likely to be employed and receive antidepressants and had less family history of psychiatric disorders and lifetime depressive episodes. Conclusions The demographic and clinical features of melancholic MDD in Chinese patients were not entirely consistent with those found in Western populations. Compared to non-melancholic MDD patients, melancholic patients presented with different demographic and clinical features, which have implications for treatment decisions.
Nuclear delivery mechanism of herpes simplex virus type 1 genome

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) is a widespread human pathogen infecting more than 80% of the population worldwide. Its replication involves an essential, poorly understood multistep process, referred to as uncoating. Uncoating steps are as follows: (1) The incoming capsid pinpoints the nuclear pore complex (NPC). (2) It opens up at the NPC and releases the highly pressurized viral genome. (3) The viral genome translocates through the NPC. In the present review, we highlight recent advances in this field and propose mechanisms underlying the individual steps of uncoating. We presume that the incoming HSV‐1 capsid pinpoints the NPC by hydrophobic interactions and opens up upon binding to NPC proteins. Genome translocation is initially pressure‐driven. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Big-Two-Factor Theory of Academic Motivation Orientations: An Evaluation of Jingle-Jangle Fallacies

Academic motivation orientation research has consistently found two factors, typically called Performance (or Ego) and Learning (or Mastery or Task) that appear to overlap substantially with other factors coming from different theoretical perspectives. Similar to related work in the Big Five Theory of Personality, we posit a Big-Two-Factor Theory of academic motivation orientation and evaluate the implicit but largely untested assumption that selected motivation constructs can be represented as higher-order (HO) Performance and Learning factors. We collected test-retest data (multi-item scales designed to measure 8 motivation constructs - Ego, Competition, Mastery, Intrinsic, Cooperation, Individual, Approach Success, and Avoid Failure) from a diverse group (N = 606) of able students in grades 3-6 (M age = 9.7 years). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) provided support for each of the 8 scales. HO CFA models fit the data reasonably well for each time considered separately and demonstrated well-defined, HO Learning and Performance factors. For the combined T1 and T2 data, however, the substantial test-retest correlations for first-order factors were not fully explained by the HO factors. Gender differences in the eight specific scales were captured by the two HO factors, thus supporting Big-Two-Factor Theory.
Students' Perceptions of Writing for Learning in Secondary School Science.

The implementation of writing-for-learning strategies within science classrooms requires changes in the way in which students engage with the subject. Specific writing tasks require students to address concepts of science and also to focus on issues of purpose, audience, topic, method of text production, and writing type. This article reports on students' perceptions of using writing as a component of their science learning. The results, collected over 4 years, have been organized to include students' perceptions of writing in science, learning, ownership, purpose, and science. These results are then discussed in terms of students' developing metacognition and epistemologies of science. The study concludes by discussing the implications arising for further research. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed83:151–162, 1999.
Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Theranostics

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles that can be released by most cell types and detected in most body fluids. EVs exert key functions for intercellular communication via transferring their bioactive cargos to recipient cells or activating signaling pathways in target cells. Increasing evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). EVs secreted by cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem cells play essential roles in pathophysiological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte survival and apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and angiogenesis in relation to CVDs. In this review, we will first outline the current knowledge about the physical characteristics, biological contents, and isolation methods of EVs. We will then focus on the functional roles of cardiovascular EVs and their pathophysiological effects in CVDs, as well as summarize the potential of EVs as therapeutic agents and biomarkers for CVDs. Finally, we will discuss the specific application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system and the utility of EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.
Effects of Role Models from Films on Short-Term Ratings of Intent, Interest, and Self-Assessment of Ability by High School Youth: A Study of Gender-Stereotyped Academic Subjects

The effects of cinematic female role models on self-confidence in own abilities, interest, and academic elective intents of secondary school pupils were analyzed in two studies. In Study 1 the participants (N = 283) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Each group watched a film after which they completed a questionnaire. In Film 1 the lead female character demonstrated conventional female characteristics and was discernibly untalented in mathematics and the natural sciences, in Film 2 the lead female character did not exhibit conventional female characteristics and was gifted in mathematics and the natural sciences, and in Film 3 the lead female character was typically female and gifted in mathematics and the natural sciences. Film 3, in which the lead female character not only contradicted the stereotype of women not being gifted at mathematics and the natural sciences but also should not have elicited subtyping processes, turned out to be effective among girls with High prior interest and boys in general. In contrast, this film had unexpected effects among girls with Low prior interest. Instead of showing, as expected, merely weaker effects than those found for the other groups, this role model even had a deterrent effect on girls with Low prior interest. In Study 2 (N=55) an investigation assessed whether Film 3 could exercise a similarly positive effect on female pupils with Low prior interest were a female role model to depict constructive coping with difficulties in mathematics and the natural sciences prior to the presentation of the film. Results show this is possible.
Conversing through overlaps: Information status and simultaneous talk in Cuban Spanish

Abstract Simultaneous speech and turn-taking patterns vary considerably across cultures. Research on varieties of Spanish has confirmed that frequent, lengthy overlaps within and between turns are common. In this paper it is suggested that when speakers engage in simultaneous talk, they observe Grice's Cooperative Principle by adjusting their utterances so that the informativeness of their contribution is minimized in overlap. This paper approaches the linguistic composition of overlaps by examining the information status and grammatical function of noun phrases within and outside of overlaps. The statistical findings indicate a tendency to avoid delivering new information in overlap, which suggests that speakers are indeed cooperating with their interlocutors by minimizing utterance informativeness during overlap.
Sources of Productivity Growth in the American Coal Industry 1972-95

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work has been made possible by the dedicated efforts of a succession of research assistants who have worked on the database underlying the research. We are particularly indebted to Chiaming Liu, the most recent of these assistants and a graduate student at the Sloan School of Management, who has proven himself particularly adept at manipulating the Access and Stata databases and running innumerable regressions as the analysis proceeded. His work and this paper would not have been possible, however, without the earlier contributions of former MIT graduate students to whom we are also greatly indebted. been extremely helpful in clarifying definitional and procedural issues concerning the data collection. Aggregate productivity statistics succinctly and conveniently measure the efficiency with which resources are being used in a country or industry, but problems of measurement and aggregation require that these statistics be used carefully. Furthermore, problems of measurement and aggregation can lead to very misleading results. There are two major sources of concern. First, a number of factors influencing productivity cannot be easily observedfor instance, learning. Second, the statistics are aggregates. Interpretation is greatly facilitated by assuming the constituent firms are more or less alike, but everyone understands that this is a simplifying assumption. There is usually no data that permits the analyst to study productivity trends at the level of the firm or to determine the extent to which heterogeneity affects observed aggregate trends. This paper exploits an unusual database in order to address these concerns to explore the differences between productivity trends as they appear at the aggregate level and as they may be experienced at the firm level. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), as part of its regulatory effort, has collected this labor input and coal output information for every mine in the United States since 1972 (our analysis considers data through 1995), along with site locations, operator identity, and mining techniques. Thus, we are able to observe labor productivity for this industry at the lowest practicable level and form a national aggregate, as well as any number of subaggregates, from the bottom up. In the next section, we briefly comment on aggregate output, price, and productivity trends in the American coal industry, and then proceed to explain the causes for heterogeneity in the industry and to divide the industry into eleven relatively homogeneous subaggregates based on technology and location (the latter serving as a proxy …
Burnout in Competitive Junior Tennis Players: III. Individual Differences in the Burnout Experience

This is the third in a series of manuscripts reporting results from a research project designed to examine burnout in competitive junior tennis players. Individual differences in burnout are examined by discussing idiographic profiles from three athletes who were identified as having burned out in the earlier phases of the project. These cases were chosen as they represented different substrains of social psychologically driven and physically driven burnout. In particular, the three cases included: (a) a player characterized by high levels of perfectionism and overtraining; (b) a player who experienced pressure from others and a need for a social life; and (c) a player who was physically overtrained and had inappropriate goals. It was concluded that although important patterns result from content analyses across participants, the unique experience of each individual must be recognized.
Health impact assessment of housing improvements: incorporating research evidence

Background: Health impact assessment (HIA) has been widely recommended for future social policies and investment, such as housing improvement. However, concerns have been raised about the utility and predictive value of an HIA. Use of existing research data would add more weight to forecasts by an HIA. Methods, results, and conclusions: A recent systematic review of housing intervention studies found a lack of research. The authors recommended that a broader evidence base would be needed to support HIA. In response to consultation with policymakers and HIA practitioners this paper presents a way in which research can be used to inform HIA. Based on the systematic review, the authors have developed a table of synthesised findings indicating the expected health effects of specific housing improvements. The authors also reviewed observational data of housing associated health risks to highlight the key impacts to consider when doing a housing HIA. The findings are presented and the authors discuss how they should be used to inform evidence based housing HIA. In addition to considering the existing research, HIA must consider the local relevance of research. Consultation with local stakeholders also needs to be incorporated to the final assessment. The lack of data and the difficulties in gathering and reviewing data mean that not all HIAs will be able to be informed by research evidence. Well conducted prospective validation of HIAs would contribute to the development of healthy housing investment by informing future housing HIA.
Sleepy Punishers Are Harsh Punishers

The degree of punishment assigned to criminals is of pivotal importance for the maintenance of social order and cooperation. Nonetheless, the amount of punishment assigned to transgressors can be affected by factors other than the content of the transgressions. We propose that sleep deprivation in judges increases the severity of their sentences. We took advantage of the natural quasi-manipulation of sleep deprivation during the shift to daylight saving time in the spring and analyzed archival data from judicial punishment handed out in the U.S. federal courts. The results supported our hypothesis: Judges doled out longer sentences when they were sleep deprived.
Top Incomes , Rising Inequality , and Welfare Kevin

This paper develops a general-equilibrium model of skill-biased technological change that approximates the observed shifts in the shares of wage and non-wage income going to the top decile of U.S. households since 1980. Under realistic assumptions, we find that all agents can benefit from the technology change, provided that the observed rise in redistributive transfers over this period is taken into account. We show that the increase in capital’s share of total income and the presence of capital-entrepreneurial skill complementarity are two key features that help support the wages of ordinary workers as the new technology diffuses.
Gender Ratios in Autism, Asperger syndrome and Autism spectrum Disorder

Abstract: Skewed sex ratios indicative of a greater preponderance of males over females (approximating 4:1) has perhaps been the most constant collective finding in autism spectrum conditions. More recent investigations have indicated a potential change to tradi-tional estimates of gender ratios. We undertook analysis to calculate contemporaneous gender ratios based on collective and individual sub-diagnoses. A sample of 1963 children diagnosed with autism ( n = 460), Asperger syndrome ( n = 366) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ( n = 1137) were included for study. The overall gender ratio based on a year of birth between 1986–2007 was 7.38:1. Differences were found amongst the sub-diagnoses for the same period (autism = 6.54:1, Asperger syndrome = 12.07:1; ASD = 6.84:1). Analysis of annual trends indicated an irregular upwards tendency to gender ratios indicative of increasing over-representation of males with an autism spectrum condition despite no indication of greater disparity in population sex ratios at birth. Further independent studies are required to corroborate our findings.
Exploring Ethnic, Gender, and Sexual Orientation Variables in Supervision: Do They Really Matter?

This study explored discussions of cultural variables in supervision and their influence on supervisory satisfaction and working alliance. Results indicated limited discussions occurred, but when these discussions did occur, supervisees reported enhanced supervisory working alliance and increased satisfaction with supervision. These findings highlight the importance of supervisors initiating discussions of cultural variables. Este estudio exploro discusiones sobre variables culturales y su influencia en la satisfaccion y alianza de supervision. Los resultados indicaron discusiones limitadas, pero cuando estas ocurrieron, los supervisados reportaron un aumento en la alianza de trabajo y satisfaccion con la supervision. Estos resultados hacen notable la importancia de que los supervisores inicien discusiones sobre los variables culturales.
A new series of slides depicting facial expressions of affect: A comparison with the pictures of facial affect series

Abstract Experiment 1 describes a series of slides developed to depict various facial expressions of emotion. Pictures were taken of models (bead and shoulders only) directly facing the camera, as well as rotated 30 degrees to the left, exhibiting no expression (neutral), anger, disgust, happiness, fear, sadness, and surprise. Groups of 90 to 100 first-year university students rated the slides by selecting the emotion expressed. its intensity and their certainty in their answer. Slides from five male and five female adults (ages 18 to 40), and three male and three female children (ages 9 to 12) are reported where more than 50% of the raters agreed on the intended emotion, or 35% agreed for the neutral expression. A detailed summary of the normative results of those slides is provided. Experiment 2 attempted to directly compare the present slides to the Pictures of facial affect (Ekman & Friesen, 1976) by rating those slides using the same rating technique as in Experiment 1. The results demonstrated that .
An unusual neck mass clinically mimicking an enlarged supraclavicular lymph node: cytological features of myositis ossificans circumscriptus

Myositis ossificans circumscriptus (MOC) or heterotopic ossification is a rare, benign soft tissue proliferation characterized by non-neoplastic heterotopic bone formation. It commonly occurs in young, adult male athletes, and is often, but not always, associated with trauma. Muscle and soft tissue, especially flexor muscles in the upper extremities and thigh, are commonly affected. MOC rarely occurs in the head and neck. The histological features of MOC have been well documented. However, few reports describe the cytological findings. Here we report the cytological features of myositis ossificans of the neck clinically presenting as a supraclavicular mass.