Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How beginning cognitive behavioural therapists develop professional confidence

Abstract Evidence exists that the effectiveness of psychotherapy depends more on therapists’ variables than on their theoretical orientation or the techniques they use. Nevertheless, relatively little is known regarding the process of cognitive behavioural psychotherapists’ development. The purpose of the study was to explore how beginning cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) practitioners develop, considering various professional and personal influences. Eight in-depth interviews with beginning therapists were conducted, and the Grounded Theory Method was used for data analysis. The developmental process was conceptualized as Gaining Professional Confidence, and three phases of this process were identified: (1) Externally Based Confidence in CBT Methods, (2) Internalized Confidence in CBT Methods, and (3) Therapists’ Self-Confidence. The results indicate that trainees’ self-reflection on their personal qualities, values, attitudes and preferences should be given more attention in CBT training, as this plays a crucial role in their overall professional development.
Emotional Faces Capture Spatial Attention in 5-Year-Old Children

Emotional facial expressions are important social cues that convey salient affective information. Infants, younger children, and adults all appear to orient spatial attention to emotional faces with a particularly strong bias to fearful faces. Yet in young children it is unclear whether or not both happy and fearful faces extract attention. Given that the processing of emotional faces is believed by some to serve an evolutionarily adaptive purpose, attentional biases to both fearful and happy expressions would be expected in younger children. However, the extent to which this ability is present in young children and whether or not this ability is genetically mediated is untested. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to assess the spatial-attentional properties of emotional faces in young children, with a preliminary test of whether this effect was influenced by genetics. Five-year-old twin pairs performed a dot-probe task. The results suggest that children preferentially direct spatial attention to emotional faces, particularly right visual field faces. The results provide support for the notion that the direction of spatial attention to emotional faces serves an evolutionarily adaptive function and may be mediated by genetic mechanisms.
What is New on Thyroid Cancer Biomarkers

Thyroid cancer harbours in about 5% of thyroid nodules. The majority of them are well-differentiated cancers originating from the follicular epithelium, and are subdivided into papillary and follicular carcinomas. Undifferentiated carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas arising from C cells are less common. Although most thyroid nodules are benign, distinguishing thyroid cancer from benign lesions is crucial for an appropriate treatment and follow-up. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) allows the diagnosis of nature of thyroid nodules in the majority of cases. However, FNAC has some limitations, particularly in the presence of follicular lesions which can appear dubious in rare instances even at histology. In an effort to improve diagnostic accuracy and offer new prognostic criteria, several immunohistochemical and molecular markers have been proposed. However, most of them have to be validated on large series before being used in routine practice.
Competitive Algorithms for Distributed Data Management

We deal with the competitive analysis of algorithms for managing data in a distributed environment. We deal with the file allocation problem, where copies of a file may be be stored in the local storage of some subsets of processors. Copies may be replicated and discarded over time so as to optimize communication costs, but multiple copies must be kept consistent and at least one copy must be stored somewhere in the network at all times. We deal with competitive algorithms for minimizing communication costs, over arbitrary sequences of reads and writes, and arbitrary network topologies. We define the constrained file allocation problem to be the solution of many individual file allocation problems simultaneously, subject to the constraints of local memory size. We give competitive algorithms for this problem on the uniform network topology. We then introduce distributed competitive algorithms for on-line data tracking (a generalization of mobile user tracking) to transform our competitive data management algorithms into distributed algorithms themselves.
Sequence Variation in the E2-Binding Domain of HPV16 and Biological Function Evaluation in Tunisian Cervical Cancers

HPV16 E2 variants have different effects on the transcriptional activity of the LCR. In this study, we examined the nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation within the HPV16 E2 gene and to correlate with disease progression. E2 gene disruption was detected by PCR amplification of the entire E2 gene using a single set of primers. Nucleotide variations were analyzed by bidirectional sequencing. mRNA expression patterns of E6 and E7 gene transcripts were evaluated by a reverse transcriptase-PCR method (RT-PCR). The detection of intact E2 genes was significantly higher among controls than cases (81.8% versus 37.5%, resp., P < 0.05). Among the E subgroup, variation at position 3684 C>A results in the amino acid substitution T310K and was more common among the E2 undisrupted cases (7/9; 77.7%), compared to controls (2/9; 22.2%). In addition, specific sequence variations identified in the E2 ORF at positions 3684 C>A were associated with increased viral oncogenes E6-E7 production. Besides HPV16 E2 disruption, the 3684 C>A variation within undisrupted E2 genes could be involved in an alternative mechanism for deregulating the expression of the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes and appears to be a major factor contributing to the development of cervical cancer in Tunisian women.
Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plant cells

Antioxidants in plant cells mainly include glutathione, ascorbate, tocopherol, proline, betaine and others, which are also information-rich redox buffers and important redox signaling components that interact with cellular compartments. As an unfortunate consequence of aerobic life for higher plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed by partial reduction of molecular oxygen. The above enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plant cells can protect their cells from oxidative damage by scavenging ROS. In addition to crucial roles in defense system and as enzyme cofactors, antioxidants influence higher plant growth and development by modifying processes from miotosis and cell elongation to senescence and death. Most importantly, they provide essential information on cellular redox state, and regulate gene expression associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses to optimize defense and survival. An overview of the literature is presented in terms of primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling in plant cells. Special attention is given to ROS and ROS-anioxidant interaction as a metabolic interface for different types of signals derived from metabolisms and from the changing environment. This interaction regulates the appropriate induction of acclimation processes or execution of cell death programs, which are the two essential directions for higher plant cells.
Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance

Many doctors in developing countries provide considerably lower levels of quality to their patients than they have been trained to provide. The gap between best practice and actual performance is difficult to measure for individual doctors who differ in levels of training and experience and who face very different types of patients. We exploit the Hawthorne effect—in which doctors change their behavior when a researcher comes to observe their practices—to measure the gap between best and actual performance. We analyze this gap for a sample of doctors, examining the impact of the organization for which doctors work on the performance of doctors, after controlling for their ability. We find that some organizations succeed in motivating doctors to work at levels of performance that are close to their best possible practice. This paper adds to recent evidence that motivation is at least as important to health care quality as training and knowledge.
IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS IN RABBITS PRODUCED BY NEONATAL INJECTION OF DEFINED ANTIGENS

The phenomenon of immunological unresponsiveness induced in the neonatal rabbit by a single injection of a defined protein antigen, has been characterized semiquantitatively, and studies bearing upon the mechanism of such unresponsiveness have been presented. A single intraperitoneal injection at birth of 10 to 100 mg. BSA, HGG, ovalbumin, or a human macroglobulin, or an oral feeding of 100 mg. BSA, induced a state of unresponsiveness lasting at least 90 to 120 days. 100 mg. BSA given from birth to 17 days of age, but not later, produced unresponsiveness of 90 to 120 days' duration. Data are presented which show that the duration of unresponsiveness is finite and related to the amount of antigen given at birth, and that it may be indefinitely prolonged by repeated injections of antigen. Disappearance of injected antigen in the unresponsive animal was exponential with time, with no accelerated or immune phase. Administration of the antigen in adjuvants resulted in significant shortening of the duration of unresponsiveness. The transfer of immune cells to the unresponsive host while resulting in vicarious antibody formation, did not affect the underlying unresponsive state. Negative results of attempts to produce unresponsiveness to a variety of bacterial antigens are presented. The implications of the data are discussed, particularly in reference to the other experimental models of immunological tolerance, and to the various theories of acquired immunity. It is clear that any satisfactory theoretical explanation of acquired immunity will have to account simultaneously for the phenomena of immune tolerance.
Positivity Preserving Balanced Truncation for Descriptor Systems

We propose a model reduction method for positive systems that ensures the positivity of the reduced-order model. In the standard as well as in the descriptor case, for continuous-time and discrete-time systems, our approach is based on constructing diagonal solutions of Lyapunov inequalities. These are linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which are shown to be feasible. Positivity and stability are preserved, and an error bound in the $\mathcal{H}_\infty$-norm is provided.
Assembly of MHC Class I Protein and Glycan Determinants During the Calreticulin and Calnexin Interact with Different

Before peptide binding, a variety of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins are associated with class I including calnexin, TAP, calreticulin, and tapasin. Although the selective functions of any one of these ER proteins have been difﬁcult to deﬁne, individually or in combination they perform two general chaperone functions for class I. They promote assembly of the class I heterotrimeric molecule (heavy (H) chain, b 2 m, and peptide) and they retain incompletely assembled complexes in the ER. In this study, we present evidence that calreticulin clearly differs from calnexin in how it associates with class I. Regarding the structural basis of the association, the oligosaccharide moiety in the a 1 domain and the amino acid residue at position 227 in the a 3 domain were both found to be critical for the interaction of class I with calreticulin. Interestingly, calreticulin displayed sensitivity to class I peptide binding even in TAP-deﬁcient human or mouse cells. Thus, calreticulin is clearly more speciﬁc than calnexin in the structures and conformation of the class I molecule with which it can interact. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 160: 5404–
Histological and Clinical Features of Primary and Recurrent Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma

Background. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy of the eyelids. Medial canthal BCCs tends to recur more often. Purpose. To evaluate the clinical and histological features of primary and recurrent periocular BCC, in order to identify any existing associations. Methods. Data from 87 patients (71 primary and 16 recurrent) were analyzed in this study. All patients underwent tumor excision with frozen section margin control at the Goldschleger Eye Institute between 1/1995 to 12/1997. Statistical analysis was performed to identify possible associations between histological and clinical characteristics of primary and recurrent BCC. Main Outcome Measures. Anatomical location, clinical presentation, and histology of peri-ocular BCC. Results. No association was found between histopathological and clinical characteristics of BCC. Similar features with regard to eyelid location and histology were found in primary and recurrent peri-ocular BCCs, whereas recurrent BCCs tended to involve a greater eyelid extent with a longer duration of symptoms. Medial canthal BCCs, morpheaform, or sclerosing histology were not more common in the recurrent BCC group. Conclusions. Similar clinical and histological characteristics were noted in primary and recurrent periocular BCC, implying that incomplete surgical excision rather than anatomical location or histological features is the main cause for recurrence.
Conserved hippocampal cellular pathophysiology but distinct behavioural deficits in a new rat model of FXS

Recent advances in techniques for manipulating genomes have allowed the generation of transgenic animals other than mice. These new models enable cross-mammalian comparison of neurological disease from core cellular pathophysiology to circuit and behavioural endophenotypes. Moreover they will enable us to directly test whether common cellular dysfunction or behavioural outcomes of a genetic mutation are more conserved across species. Using a new rat model of Fragile X Syndrome, we report that Fmr1 knockout (KO) rats exhibit elevated basal protein synthesis and an increase in mGluR-dependent long-term depression in CA1 of the hippocampus that is independent of new protein synthesis. These defects in plasticity are accompanied by an increase in dendritic spine density selectively in apical dendrites and subtle changes in dendritic spine morphology of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Behaviourally, Fmr1 KO rats show deficits in hippocampal-dependent, but not hippocampal-independent, forms of associative recognition memory indicating that the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes defects in episodic-like memory. In contrast to previous reports from mice, Fmr1 KO rats show no deficits in spatial reference memory reversal learning. One-trial spatial learning in a delayed matching to place water maze task was also not affected by the loss of FMRP in rats. This is the first evidence for conservation across mammalian species of cellular and physiological hippocampal phenotypes associated with the loss of FMRP. Furthermore, while key cellular phenotypes are conserved they manifest in distinct behavioural dysfunction. Finally, our data reveal novel information about the selective role of FMRP in hippocampus-dependent associative memory.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 Polymorphism is Associated with Reduced Clopidogrel Response in Cerebrovascular Disease

Purpose Clopidogrel is a prodrug that requires transformation into an active metabolite by cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the liver in order to irreversibly inhibit the P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate platelet receptor. CYP2C19 polymorphism has been reported to correlate with reduced antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel in coronary artery disease. We assessed the association between CYP2C19 polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Materials and Methods We retrospectively gathered data from patients who experienced cerebrovascular disease, received clopidogrel, and were tested for clopidogrel resistance and CYP2C19 polymorphism. Clopidogrel resistance was tested by the VerifyNow P2Y12 system, and the CYP2C19 polymorphism was tested by the Seeplex CYP2C19 ACE Genotyping system. Clopidogrel resistance was expressed in P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) and percent inhibition. High PRU and low percent inhibition suggests clopidogrel resistance. CYP2C19 polymorphisms were expressed as extensive, intermediate, and poor metabolizers. Clopidogrel resistance was assessed according to the subgroup of CYP2C19 polymorphism. Results A total of 166 patients were evaluated. The PRU values of extensive CYP2C19 metabolizers (195.0±84.9) were significantly lower than those of intermediate and poor metabolizers (237.9±88.0, 302.2±58.9). The percent inhibition of extensive metabolizers (44.6±21.8) was significantly higher than that of intermediate and poor metabolizers (30.5±21.5, 14.0±13.4). Conclusion Intermediate and poor metabolizing CYP2C19 polymorphism is associated with reduced clopidogrel antiplatelet activity in patients with cerebrovascular disease. The clinical implications of this finding require further investigation.
Drinking to cope with sexual minority stressors: Understanding alcohol use and consequences among LGBQ emerging adults

Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) emerging adults (EAs) report higher rates of alcohol use and consequences than heterosexual EAs. Although experiencing sexual minority stressors contributes to problematic alcohol outcomes, the underlying processes remain unclear. This study examined drinking to cope with negative emotions (coping motives) as a mediator of the association between sexual minority stressors and alcohol outcomes. A total of 252 LGBQ EAs completed a series of online questionnaires measuring sexual minority stressors, coping motives, and alcohol outcomes. Homonegative microaggressions and violence based on sexual orientation discrimination were significantly associated with alcohol use. In addition, maternal and parental rejection, homonegative microaggressions, and violence based on sexual orientation discrimination were significantly associated with alcohol consequences. Coping motives emerged as a significant mediator across all models, indicating that drinking to cope with negative emotions partially accounts for greater alcohol use and consequences among LGBQ EAs who have experienced sexual minority stressors. These findings highlight coping motives as an important target for reducing alcohol use and consequences among LGBQ EAs.
Carbon storage and allocation pattern in plant biomass under drought stress and nitrogen supply in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus deltoides

Climate change may have multi-faceted adverse effects on forests worldwide such as pest outbreaks, fires, heat waves, and drought. These stresses including changes in water and nutrient availability, cause an imbalance in carbon uptake by plants. In this study, two species Eucalyptus camaldulensis (evergreen) and Populus deltoides (deciduous) were selected for carbon content and allocation analysis with the application of nitrogen fertilizer and water stress treatments. A pot experiment was done by planting 2 years old seedlings in 5kg pots in a glasshouse for four weeks. The experiment was a 2factor factorial completely randomized design having three water stress levels D0, D1, D2 (1000, 500 and 250 mL) and three nitrogen treatments N0, N1, N2 (0, 0.5 and 1 gNkg). Significant and non-significant nitrogen into drought interactions (NxD) were observed for each treatment. Results showed that in Populus deltoides, at N2D2 treatment, shoot carbon content was increased up to 63% to 75%. Whereas in Eucalyptus camaldulensis, shoot carbon content was increased up to 51% to 52% at N0D2 treatment. Leaf carbon contents were increased 23% to 44% in E. camaldulensis and 0.3% to 4% in P. deltoides, at N1D1 treatment respectively. Dry shoot biomass was increased 3.8g to 7g at N2D2 treatment in E. camaldulensis whereas 45g to 81g at N1D2 in P. deltoides. Increased root biomass production was observed in N1D0 of P. deltoides (31.96g) and E. camaldulensis (2.73g). Leaf biomass was more observable in E. camaldulensis, at N1D2, up to 4.72g and in P. deltoides at N2D1 up to 3.4g. A significant increase at NxD interactions was observed in root carbon content, shoot length, root length, root biomass and Relative Water Content (RWC) in E. camaldulensis. Likewise, root length, shoot biomass, root biomass, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and RWC was significantly increased in P. deltoides at NxD interactions. These significant improvements related to carbon allocation and physiological growth, with NxD interactions, can be attributed to the improved acquisition of nutrients by these species in the drought-stressed environments.
Positive Parenting or Positive Psychology Parenting? Towards a Conceptual Framework of Positive Psychology Parenting

The purpose of this work is to highlight the distinctiveness of positive psychology parenting from positive discipline and positive parenting. A second purpose is to frame a positive psychology parenting model adopting the principles proposed by Seligman. The parenting research within the positive psychology approach has been rather inactive. This inactivity could possibly be attributed to the parallel use of the term “positive” concurrently by two additional theoretical frameworks apart from positive psychology, i.e. positive discipline and positive parenting. However, in the case of positive discipline and positive parenting, the term “positive” describes a non-punitive, “firm and kind” parenting style. In the case of Positive Psychology, the term positive refers to the broadening and building effect of positive emotions described by Fredrickson. Additionally, the target population of the positive discipline and positive parenting is mainly (but not exclusively) children of special challenges. Finally, their purpose is mainly prevention and treatment. The target population of positive psychology parenting is normally adjusted children and the purpose is well-being and flourishing of the child and family. These three elements—meaning of the term “positive”, target population and purpose— differentiate positive discipline and positive parenting from the Positive Psychology parenting model proposed by Seligman. The differences are equivalent to the different approach of “psychology as usual” from positive psychology.
Teaching an old jaw new tricks: diet-induced plasticity in a model organism from weaning to adulthood

Many organisms exhibit a decrease in the ability to modify their phenotypes in response to shifts in environmental conditions as they mature. Such age-dependent plasticity has important implications in a variety of evolutionary and ecological contexts, particularly with respect to understanding adaptive responses to heterogeneous environments. In this study, we used experimental diet manipulation to examine the life-history trajectory of plasticity in the feeding complex of a model organism, the white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We demonstrate that, contrary to expectations derived from previous cross-sectional studies of skeletal plasticity, the jaws of weanlings and young adults exhibit similar increases in relative bone cross-sectional areas in response to the introduction of mechanically challenging foods into their diets. Furthermore, we present evidence that sensitivity to loading patterns persists well into adulthood in some regions of the masticatory apparatus in rabbits, indicating that there is an extended window of opportunity to respond to changes in dietary properties during an animal's life span. We conclude that certain aspects of the facial skeleton of rabbits, and perhaps mammals in general, are sensitive to environmental stimuli long after skeletal maturity is achieved, highlighting the importance of plasticity as a source of adaptive variation at later life-history stages.