Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep and Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms in Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The current study assessed the associations between sleep and psychosocial symptoms in 157 Finnish adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sleep trouble was self-rated in Sleep Self-Report (SSR) and in Youth Self-Report (YSR). Psychosocial symptoms of the adolescents were assessed by the YSR and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Patients reporting sleep trouble had significantly more psychosocial symptoms than their counterparts without sleep trouble. This was shown in the CBCL and YSR scales of total problems (P < 0.01), anxious/depressed mood (P < 0.05), and aggressive behavior (P < 0.01). Additionally, SSR sleep problem subscale scores indicating lower sleep quality (bedtime, sleep behavior) associated significantly with attention problems (P < 0.05). These results point out that sleep trouble should be recognized and treated in adolescents with IBD to possibly avoid the emerging of psychosocial symptoms.
Bioequivalence of enalapril oral solution for treatment of pediatric hypertension and enalapril tablets

Treating children with compounded liquid formulations of tablets intended for adults, where quality‐control and compliance issues exist, was previously the only antihypertensive therapy option. A 1‐mg/mL oral solution of enalapril maleate (enalapril), Epaned™, recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is the first angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor treatment for pediatric hypertension. The pharmacokinetic comparability of enalapril oral solution to the reference listed drug (RLD) tablet was assessed under fasted conditions. The effect of food on the bioavailability of enalapril oral solution was also assessed. Plasma levels of enalapril and the active metabolite, enalaprilat, were measured postdose using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy methods. The ratio of enalapril oral solution to the RLD tablet was assessed. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf for plasma levels of enalapril and enalaprilat were bioequivalent (within the FDA‐accepted range of 80–125%). A commercially available oral solution of enalapril is bioequivalent to tablet formulations and can expand therapeutic options for pediatric patients. Administering enalapril oral solution with a high‐fat meal decreased Cmax of plasma concentrations of enalapril and Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf of plasma concentrations of enalaprilat compared to enalapril oral solution under fasting conditions.
Organizational Culture and Innovative Work Behavior: A Case Study of a Manufacturer of Packaging Machines

Companies need to occupy a unique market share to survive in a highly competitive business world. One of the possibilities to create a unique market share is innovation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of innovative work behavior, type of organizational culture and the relation between innovative work behavior and organizational culture. This case study was conducted at a manufacturer of packaging machines and could be used as an example for other companies that worked within a highly innovative work field. The employees perceived the current dominant culture as a market culture and were convinced they could improve their innovative work behavior as shown by the higher average scores on preferred innovative work behavior than the current level of innovative work behavior. The preferred organizational culture was a family culture. Even though the literature confirms that family and market cultures will enhance innovative work behavior, the results from the questionnaire only show a significant correlation between the market culture and innovative work behavior in the organization. It is concluded that a transition of the current market culture towards a more family culture is needed, but in the meantime the market culture should be preserved.
A RMI Protocol for Aglets

Aglets is a mobile agent system that allows an agent to move with its code and execution state across the network to interact with other entities. Aglets utilizes Java RMI to support client-server inter-agent communication. However, Java RMI requires static stubs and skeletons to be precompiled and deployed at both the client and server before communication can take place. There are also issues of interoperability, where the single communication protocol is embedded in the Java RMI stubs and skeletons at compile time. Run-time connection to non Java RMI entities is therefore difficult if not impossible. In Aglets, the use of Java RMI runs counter to modern trends for late-binding and highly nomadic code in heterogeneous environments. To address these shortcomings, we have designed and implemented an alternative RMI architecture that is easily retrofitted into the existing Aglets distribution. We have adopted lightweight stubs generated dynamically by the client's supporting runtime environment, and a single generic skeleton deployed on the server's host machine. In addition, we use the SOAP protocol in our prototype to encode remote calls in XML documents to maximize interoperability, albeit at the expense of performance. These are incorporated into a component based communication stack that permits runtime configuration and selection of the protocols transparently to the agents involved. With our RMI architecture we have overcome considerable usability limitations in Aglets, extending Aglets by providing full access and relocation transparencies.
PIP5K-dependent production of PIP2 sustains microtubule organization to establish polarized transport in the Drosophila oocyte

The attachment of the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane is crucial in controlling the polarized transport of cell-fate-determining molecules. Attachment involves adaptor molecules, which have the capacity to bind to both the plasma membrane and elements of the cytoskeleton, such as microtubules and actin filaments. Using the Drosophila oocyte as a model system, we show that the type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K), Skittles, is necessary to sustain the organization of microtubules and actin cytoskeleton required for the asymmetric transport of oskar, bicoid and gurken mRNAs and thereby controls the establishment of cell polarity. We show that Skittles function is crucial to synthesize and maintain phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) at the plasma membrane in the oocyte. Reduction of Skittles activity impairs activation at the plasma membrane of Moesin, a member of the ERM family known to link the plasma membrane to the actin-based cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Skittles, by controlling the localization of Bazooka, Par-1 and Lgl, but not Lkb1, to the cell membrane, regulates PAR polarity proteins and the maintenance of specific cortical domains along the anteroposterior axis.
Congenital cardiac surgery without routine placement of wires for temporary pacing

Abstract Objective Temporary pacing wires have been associated with serious postoperative complications. Recommendations for their routine use after open heart surgery are decades old, and may not reflect current surgical techniques and outcomes. Methods The electronic web-enabled medical records of all patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery from February, 2002, through December, 2005, were reviewed, excluding patients undergoing implantation of pacemakers as a primary procedure, or those undergoing ligation of a patent arterial duct. Results There were 1193 surgical procedures performed, 1041 with cardiopulmonary bypass. Median age of the patients was 5.8 months, with a range from 0 days to 54 years, weighing 6.2 kilograms, with a range from 1 to 114 kilograms. Mortality prior to discharge was 2.5%, and median postoperative stay was 6 days. No deaths were attributed to arrhythmias. Temporary pacing wires were placed 14 times (1.2%). Indications for placement included sinus nodal dysfunction in 8 patients, preoperative in 4 and intraoperative in 4, high degree atrioventricular block in 4 patients, and intraoperative atrial flutter in 2 patients. Of these patients, 4 (0.3%) eventually underwent permanent implantation of a pacemaker, 2 for persistent sinus nodal dysfunction, and 2 for persistent atrioventricular block. Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia requiring antiarrhythmic therapy occurred in 9 patients (0.8%). All recovered without incident, and none were treated with temporary pacing. Conclusions The diminished risk of unexpected postoperative arrhythmias in the current era alleviates the necessity for routine placement of temporary pacing wires. Those institutions with experienced surgical and cardiac critical care teams may be able to predict the need for temporary pacing wires preoperatively or intraoperatively.
Dynamic page migration with stochastic requests

The page migration problem is one of subproblems of data management in networks. It occurs in a distributed network of processors sharing one indivisible memory page of size D. During runtime, the processors access a unit of data from the page, and the system is allowed to migrate the page between the processors. The problem is to compute (on-line) a schedule of page movements to minimize the total communication cost.The Dynamic Page Migration problem is an extension to the page migration. It attempts to model the network dynamics, occurring, for example, in mobile networks. However, the pace of changes is restricted, i.e. the distances between processors can change only by a constant per round. The movement of the nodes induce changes in the communication cost between each pair of nodes, which is proportional to the distance between them raised to some power α. This is typical for mobile wireless networks, where nodes can move with a constant speed, and the cost of communication is measured in terms of energy used for sending the data. Thus, by setting α equal to the propagation exponent of the medium, cost minimization becomes minimizing the total energy consumption in the system.However, as proven in [7], if both network mobility and request sequence are created by an adversary, then the competitive ratio is polynomially large in D and in the number of the nodes. In our search for a reasonable, close-to-reality model, in this paper we consider a scenario in which the network mobility is adversarial, but the requests are generated randomly by a stochastic process. We design an algorithm MTFR for this scenario, and prove that it is O(1)-competitive, on expectation and with high probability.
Towards the Full Model Selection in temporal databases by using micro-differential evolution. An empirical study

In this paper, an empirical comparison of four micro differential evolution variants to solve partial instances of the Full Model Selection (FMS) problem on time-series databases is presented. Two smoothing methods, three time-series representations, and one classifier, all of them with their corresponding parameters, are optimized by the evolutionary search. The study focuses on the effects of the crossover operator and the type of base vector used in the differential mutation. The four variants are tested in three experiments to analyze the final statistical results, the convergence behavior and the type of optimized model obtained. Six temporal databases with different features are solved. The results, which are statistically validated by using non-parametric tests, suggest that the four variants are able to provide competitive results. However, using the best vector in the current population, coupled with a binomial crossover, allow the micro differential evolution to reach better final results, while the opposite (base vector chosen at random and exponential crossover) help to find a good model with less solution evaluations in temporal databases whose models are very expensive to evaluate.
Sampling networks of ecological interactions

Sampling ecological interactions presents similar challenges, problems, potential biases, and constraints as sampling individuals and species in biodiversity inventories. Interactions are just pairwise relationships among individuals of two different species, such as those among plants and their seed dispersers in frugivory interactions or those among plants and their pollinators. Sampling interactions is a fundamental step to build robustly estimated interaction networks, yet few analyses have attempted a formal approach to their sampling protocols. Robust estimates of the actual number of interactions (links) within diversified ecological networks require adequate sampling effort that needs to be explicitly gauged. Yet we still lack a sampling theory explicitly focusing on ecological interactions. While the complete inventory of interactions is likely impossible, a robust characterization of its main patterns and metrics is probably realistic. We must acknowledge that a sizable fraction of the maximum number of interactions Imax among, say, A animal species and P plant species (i.e., Imax = AP) is impossible to record due to forbidden links, i.e., life-history restrictions. Thus, the number of observed interactions I in robustly sampled networks is typically I ≪ Imax, resulting in extremely sparse interaction matrices with low connectance. Reasons for forbidden links are multiple but mainly stem from spatial and temporal uncoupling, size mismatches, and intrinsically low probabilities of interspecific encounter for most potential interactions of partner species. Ad-equately assessing the completeness of a network of ecological interactions thus needs knowledge of the natural history details embedded, so that for-bidden links can be “discounted” when addressing sampling effort. Here I provide a review and outline a conceptual framework for interaction sampling by building an explicit analogue to individuals and species sampling, thus extending diversity-monitoring approaches to the characterization of complex networks of ecological interactions. This is crucial to assess the fast-paced and devastating effects of defaunation-driven loss of key ecological interactions and the services they provide and the analogous losses related to interaction gains due to invasive species and biotic homogenization.
Comparison of single versus multiple doses of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing post-elective Caesarean section infectious morbidity.

BACKGROUND Puerperal sepsis is frequently in Caesarean section. Antibiotic prophylaxis may have significant impact in reduction of infections and thus the need to study its role in sepsis prevention systematically. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of single dose versus multiple doses of a first generation cephalosporin (with Metronidazole), to reduce postoperative infectious morbidity in elective caesarean section. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was prospective clinical trial of hundred women undergoing elective caesarean section who received either a single prophylactic dose of Cefazolin with Metronidazole post-cord clamping, or multiple postoperative doses of antibiotics based on the standard protocol of the hospital. Duration of the study was seven months and twenty-two days (11th November 2004 to 30 th June 2005). Women were compared on the basis of development of postoperative febrile morbidity, endometritis, urinary tract infection, wound infection and other infections. RESULTS There were no significant differences among the patients in single and multiple dose groups in terms of their age distribution, gravida, period of gestation, smoking status, body mass index, indications for elective caesarean section or operation characteristics. There were 4% and 6% febrile morbidity, 2 (4%) and 0 (0%) urinary tract infection, in the single dose and multiple dose groups respectively. But none of the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION A single prophylactic dose of Cefazolin plus Metronidazole given post-umbilical cord clamping gives as much protection as multiple postoperative doses of Cefazolin/Cefalexin plus Metronidazole in preventing postoperative infectious morbidity in elective caesarean section.
Perceptions of Nurses in Magnet® Hospitals, Non-Magnet Hospitals, and Hospitals Pursuing Magnet Status

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare perceptions of RNs employed in Magnet®, in-process (ie, hospitals seeking Magnet recognition), and non-Magnet hospitals using data from the 2010 National Survey of Registered Nurses (NSRN). Background: The NSRN is administered biennially and measures nurses' perceptions about their profession, workplace environment, and professional relationships. Methods: Self-administered mail survey to a national sample of 1,500 RNs was used. Bivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze responses from 518 nurses who indicated their employer's Magnet status and to examine associations between Magnet status and the nurses' perceptions of career satisfaction, the nursing shortage, work environment, opportunities to influence the workplace, and professional relationships. Results: Nurses employed in all 3 groups (Magnet, in-process, and non-Magnet hospitals) were uniformly satisfied with being a nurse, although significantly more Magnet and in-process nurses would recommend nursing as a career than would non-Magnet RNs. Views of workplace safety were similar across groups, with no significant differences in violence, verbal abuse, discrimination, or harassment; however, Magnet nurses reported significantly more musculoskeletal injuries. Magnet and in-process nurses rated opportunities to influence decisions about workplace organization and participate in shared governance and employer-paid continuing education, and relationships with advanced practice nurses and nursing faculty higher than did non-Magnet nurses; relationships with new nurses and physicians were not different across groups. Conclusions: The Magnet program continues to have a positive influence on nurses, their decision making, and their professional relationships. The paucity of other differences suggests that Magnet, in-process, and non-Magnet organizations are increasingly guided by a shared set of principles that define a positive professional environment derived not only by the Magnet program, but also by other professional organizations and forces.
A comparative study of interpolation methods for mapping soil properties

The choice of an optimal interpolation technique for estimating soil properties at unsampled locations is an important issue in site-specific management. The objective of this study was to evaluate inverse distance (InvD) weighting, ordinary kriging (KO), and lognormal ordinary kriging (KO log ) to determine the optimal interpolation method for mapping soil properties. Relationships between statistical properties of the data and performance of the methods were analyzed using soil test P and K data from 30 agricultural fields. For InvD weighting, we used powers of 1,2,3, and 4. The numbers of the closest neighboring points ranged from 5 to 30 for the three methods. The results suggest that KO log can improve estimation precision compared with KO for lognormally distributed data. The criteria helpful in deciding whether KO log is applicable for the given data set were the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit statistic, coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis, and the size of the data set. Careful choice of the exponent value for InvD weighting and of the number of the closest neighbors for both InvD weighting and kriging (KO or KO log ) significantly improved the estimation accuracy (P ≤ 0.05). However, no a priori decision could be made about the optimal exponent and the number of the closest neighbors based on the statistical properties of the data. For the majority of the data sets, kriging with the optimal number of the neighboring points, a carefully selected variogram model, and appropriate log-transformation of the data performed better than InvD weighting. Correlation coefficients between experimental data and estimated results of kriging were higher than those of InvD for 57 out of a total of 60 data sets, kriging mean absolute errors were lower for 44 data sets, and kriging mean errors were lower than those of InvD weighting for 31 data sets.
Optimal Deployment of Attentional Gain during Fine Discriminations

Most models assume that top-down attention enhances the gain of sensory neurons tuned to behaviorally relevant stimuli (on-target gain). However, theoretical work suggests that when targets and distracters are highly similar, attention should enhance the gain of neurons that are tuned away from the target, because these neurons better discriminate neighboring features (off-target gain). While it is established that off-target neurons support difficult fine discriminations, it is unclear if top-down attentional gain can be optimally applied to informative off-target sensory neurons or if gain is always applied to on-target neurons, regardless of task demands. To test the optimality of attentional gain in human visual cortex, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and an encoding model to estimate the response profile across a set of hypothetical orientation-selective channels during a difficult discrimination task. The results suggest that top-down attention can adaptively modulate off-target neural populations, but only when the discriminanda are precisely specified in advance. Furthermore, logistic regression revealed that activation levels in off-target orientation channels predicted behavioral accuracy on a trial-by-trial basis. Overall, these data suggest that attention does not only increase the gain of sensory-evoked responses, but may bias population response profiles in an optimal manner that respects both the tuning properties of sensory neurons and the physical characteristics of the stimulus array.
Variations in accounting students' conceptions of learning

Students’ conceptions of learning or preconceived views of what learning means to students have been found to play a significant role in how they choose to approach their learning. This study investigates conceptions of learning held by accounting students in their secondand third-years in university. The study is based on phenomenographic and content-analytic approaches applied to survey responses of 207 accounting students from an Australian university. In the first phase of the analysis we identify 6 learning conceptions. Learning is conceived as: (1) increase of knowledge; (2) understanding; (3) knowledge acquisition for application; (4) a pathway to success; (5) seeing in new ways; and (6) self-development. Compared to similar studies we did not find evidence of the conception ‘learning as memorisation’. In contrast to prior research ‘learning as understanding’ emerged as a lowerorder conception of learning in accounting students in this study. In the second phase we find that, after controlling for a range of factors that are likely to affect students’ conceptions of learning third-year students are more likely to adopt a higher-order conception. However, majority of the students, including third year students, continue to adopt low-order conceptions. These findings highlight the need to extend student learning beyond the acquisition of technical skills and knowledge to instil higher-order learning conceptions which underpin the development of generic skills much demanded of professional accountants. As a result, the findings of this study have implications for curriculum and assessment design, and learning and teaching practice in accounting degree programs. Keyword: Student conceptions of learning, phenomenography, learning context, accounting degrees, generic skills.