Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Roget’s Thesaurus for Fine-grained Emotion Recognition

Recognizing the emotive meaning of text can add another dimension to the understanding of text. We study the task of automatically categorizing sentences in a text into Ekman’s six basic emotion categories. We experiment with corpus-based features as well as features derived from two emotion lexicons. One lexicon is automatically built using the classification system of Roget’s Thesaurus, while the other consists of words extracted from WordNet-Affect. Experiments on the data obtained from blogs show that a combination of corpus-based unigram features with emotion-related features provides superior classification performance. We achieve Fmeasure values that outperform the rulebased baseline method for all emotion classes.
Human Periodontal Ligament Derived Progenitor Cells: Effect of STRO-1 Cell Sorting and Wnt3a Treatment on Cell Behavior

Objectives. STRO-1 positive periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and unsorted PDLCs have demonstrated potential for periodontal regeneration, but the comparison between unsorted cells and the expanded STRO-1 sorted cells has never been reported. Additionally, Wnt3a is involved in cell proliferation thus may benefit in vitro PDLC expansion. The aim was to evaluate the effect of STRO-1 cell sorting and Wnt3a treatment on cell behavior of human PDLCs (hPDLCs). Materials and Methods. STRO-1 positive hPDLCs were sorted and the sorted cells were expanded and compared with their unsorted parental cells. Thereafter, hPDLCs were treated with or without Wnt3a and the cell proliferation, self-renewal, and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. Results. No differences were measured between the expanded STRO-1-sorted cells and unsorted parental cells in terms of proliferation, CFU, and mineralization capacity. Wnt3a enhanced the proliferation and self-renewal ability of hPDLCs significantly as displayed by higher DNA content values, a shorter cell population doubling time, and higher expression of the self-renewal gene Oct4. Moreover, Wnt3a promoted the expansion of hPDLCs for 5 passages without affecting cell proliferation, CFU, and osteogenic capacity. Conclusions. Expanded STRO-1-sorted hPDLCs showed no superiority compared to their unsorted parental cells. On the other hand, Wnt3a promotes the efficient hPDLC expansion and retains the self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation capacity.
Book Review: III. Ministry Studies: Finding Herself: Pathways to Identity Development in Women

Finding Herself presents research findings from a longitudinal study of identity development in women. Sixty randomly selected women from four colleges and universities were interviewed and completed question­ naires in an initial study as part of the author's dissertation research on the development of women. Twelve years later, 34 of the original sample who could be located were again inter­ viewed. As a result of her study of these women, Josselson has concluded that there is not a single pathway to female development; there are four. She describes these four as types. "Foreclosures" are those women who make identity commitments without going through a period of crisis. They assume without question or hesitation the goals and values learned in their families. They live out the dreams of their childhood, often dominated by the need to feel loved. The second group, "Identity Achievers," give up the security and protection of their childhood home to gain autonomy and their individual self. They consequently have an internally rooted sense of self and are less reliant on external sources for selfesteem. Third, the "Moratoriums" often have vision and are responsive to social issues. They are aware of the choices they must make in life and are often paralyzed by this awareness. They show lower self-esteem and greater anxiety than do the first two types. Finally, "Identity Diffusers" are so categorized because of the absence of crises and commitments in their lives. They scored lowest on measures of healthy psychological functioning. "Unable to define a sense of self, these women remain unable to commit themselves to another unless there are certain safeguards of distance or difficulty that prevent the muchfeared closeness and commitment" (p. 149). Josselson suggests, nevertheless, that none of these categories repre­ sent any form of pathology. Neither does the choice of career or homemaking have anything to do with adjustment. The major issues for women, according to Josselson, are social and religious. Social relation­ ships are critical, because a woman's identity comes primarily from how she sees others seeing her. Unfortu­ nately, the author gives abnost no attention to the centrality of religion in the lives of the women studied, despite her own conclusion about its importance. The author concludes that "women tend to grow within rather than out of relationships" (p. 189). A young woman, for example, may leave her mother's influence by allowing a boyfriend to take the role of influenc­ ing her. Josselson states that growing girls can be aided in developing their identities by helping them (1) develop competence and confidence in their own abilities apart from the praise of others; (2) identify their inner experi­ ences; and (3) find support and validation rather than overt direction. Finding Herself is an excellent example of qualitative research. The book is composed primarily of lengthy case examples which illus­ trate the author's typology. She has
Frequency Of Different Risk Factors Associated With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Among Postmenopausal Women.

BACKGROUND Urinary Tract Infection is one of the most common infections encountered by women. These infections have the tendency to recur. In order to identify women at risk of recurrence there is a need to identify risk factors associated with it. Among women, factors predisposing to recurrent infections are not much explored. The study was done with an objective to determine different risk factors associated with recurrent UTI among postmenopausal women. METHODS This was a cross sectional study conducted at the Out Patient Department of Nephrology in Shifa International Hospital Islamabad over a period of six months, June 6th to December 5th 2012. Information regarding demographics and risk factors were recorded on a predesigned pro forma. A descriptive analysis was done for quantitative variables like age and qualitative variables like marital status and frequency of different risk factors. Stratification of risk factors according to age was also done. RESULTS Hundred females were enrolled into the study after informed consent. The mean age of the study population was 64.4±9.48. 97% of the population was married. Out of 100 patients, 42 had high post-void volume, 35 had urinary incontinence and 17 patients were having cystocele. According to age stratification, most frequently affected age group was between 51-60 years (38%), followed by 61-70 years (36%), then 25% in more than 70 years, whereas only 1% was between 41-50 years. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent UTI in postmenopausal females is most frequently associated with high post void volume and most frequently affected age group is between 51-60 years.
Firm Heterogeneity and FDI in Distribution Services

Distribution services play a large role in intermediating production and consumption across borders. Using firm-level data on Japanese multinationals in the wholesale and retail sectors, this paper examines foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions of distribution firms for local distribution services at the extensive and intensive margin. Consistent with the model of heterogeneous firms on multinational production, productive multinationals are more likely than less productive ones to enter a larger number of markets, penetrate less attractive markets, and generate larger sales per market. While these findings are consistent with previous evidence on manufacturing multinationals, there are some distinctive determinants of FDI in distribution services.
General principles in the medical and surgical management of spinal infections: a multidisciplinary approach.

OBJECT Infections along the spinal axis are characterized by an insidious onset, and the resulting delays in diagnosis are associated with serious neurological consequences and even death. Infections of the spine can affect the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, spinal canal, and surrounding soft tissues. Neurological dysfunction occurs when the spinal cord becomes compressed, edematous, or ischemic due to compression by abscess or vascular compromise. The aim of this paper was to detail general diagnostic and management principles for this disease. METHODS Recent progress in medical technologies, including the development of potent antimicrobial drugs, advanced imaging, and improved surgical methods, have dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality rates for spinal infections; however, debate still exists on the proper management of this disease. In this paper, the authors review the current management protocols for spinal infections at their institution, focusing on medical and surgical treatments for vertebral osteomyelitis, intervertebral disc space infections, and spinal canal and soft-tissue abscesses. CONCLUSIONS Technological advances in imaging modalities, pharmaceutics, and surgery have resulted in excellent outcomes and have greatly reduced the morbidity and mortality rates associated with spinal infections. Currently, treatment of spinal infections requires a multidisciplinary team that includes infectious diseases experts, neuroradiologists, and spine surgeons. The key to successful management of spinal infections is early detection.
A Taphonomic Study Exploring the Differences in Decomposition Rate and Manner between Frozen and Never Frozen Domestic Pigs (Sus scrofa)

This research examined differences in decomposition rate and manner of domestic pig subjects (Sus scrofa) in never frozen (control) and previously frozen (experimental) research conditions. Eight control and experimental subjects were placed in an identical outdoor research environment. Daily quantitative and qualitative measurements were collected: abdominal circumference, total body score (TBS), temperature, photographs, descriptive decomposition stages, and visual observations. Field necropsies were performed at accumulated degree days (ADD) between 50 and 300 (Celsius). Paired samples t‐tests of ADD to TBS >3.0, TBS >9.5, and TBS >16.0 indicate the rate of decomposition of experimental subjects was significantly slower than controls at both TBS >3 and >9.5 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). A suite of qualitative indicators of predecomposition freezing is also reported. The differences between experimental and control subjects suggest previously frozen subjects should not be used in taphonomic research, as results do not accurately reflect the “normal” taphonomic condition.
Parenteral feeding depletes pulmonary lymphocyte populations.

BACKGROUND The effect of parenteral nutrition (PN) on lymphocyte mass in the lung is unknown, but reduced mucosal lymphocytes are hypothesized to play a role in the reduced immunoglobulin A-mediated immunity in both gut and lung. The ability to transfer and track cells between mice may allow study of diet-induced mucosal immune function. The objectives of this study are to characterize lung T-cell populations following parenteral feeding and to study distribution patterns of transferred donor lung T cells in recipient mice. METHODS In experiment 1, cannulated male Balb/c mice are randomized to receive chow or PN for 5 days. Lung lymphocytes are obtained via collagenase digestion, and flow cytometric analysis is used to identify total T (CD3+) and B (CD45/B220+) cells. In experiment 2, isolated lung T cells from chow-fed male Balb/c mice are pooled and labeled in vitro with a fluorescent dye (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester [CFSE]), and 1.1 x 10(8) CFSE+ cells (3.1 x 10(6) T cells) are transferred to chow-fed Balb/c recipients. Cells recovered from recipient lungs and intestinal lamina propria (LP) are analyzed by flow cytometry to determine CFSE/CD3+ T cells at 1, 2, and 7 days. In experiment 3, cells are transferred to PN-fed recipients. RESULTS In experiment 1, PN significantly decreases lung T- and B-cell populations compared with chow feeding. In experiment 2, CFSE+ T-cell retention is highest on day 1 in lung and LP, and decreases on day 2. Cells are gone by day 7; 98.1% of retained donor lung T cells migrate to recipient lungs and 1.9% to the intestine on day 1. Similar results are seen in experiment 3 after transfer of cells to PN-fed recipients. CONCLUSIONS PN reduces pulmonary lymphocyte populations consistent with impaired respiratory immunity. Transferred lung T cells preferentially localize to recipient lungs rather than intestine with maximal accumulation at 24 hours. Limited cross-talk of transferred lung T cells to the intestine indicates that mucosal lymphocyte traffic might be programmed to localize to specific effector sites.
Disability and health‐related quality of life among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association with radiographic joint damage, disease activity, pain, and depressive symptoms

Objective: To study the associations between disability and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), respectively, and radiographic joint damage, disease activity, pain, and depressive symptoms among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires and clinical examinations at baseline (1997) and at 2 years' follow‐up among patients with RA (n = 307). Disability was measured with a validated Dutch questionnaire, derived from the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and HRQoL with a validated Dutch version of the RAND‐36, using physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scales. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between disability or HRQoL and radiographic damage, disease activity, pain, and depressive symptoms. Results: Pain, with respect to disability and PCS, and depressive symptoms, with respect to MCS, were more important predictors than radiographic damage and disease activity. Conclusions: Daily RA practice needs to be broadened by regular assessment of disease burden from the patients' perspectives. Patient‐reported measures, such as disability or HRQoL, should be incorporated for monitoring health outcomes of individual patients and for initiating and evaluating therapy.
Low energy cost reference trajectories for a biped robot

The impulsive torque at the beginning and end of the ballistic motion between these two instants give energetically optimal motion for a pendulum. Many authors assume that in human walking, muscle activities alternate with some periods of relaxation. From these two arguments, we assume that a motion defined by ballistic motion and impulsive control at dual support instances will lead to an energetically economical trajectory. Optimal configurations are defined, and smooth changes on the reference trajectory are proposed to obtain a trajectory which can be followed with finite torques. The physical constraints on the reaction forces to avoid take off or sliding of the biped walking robot, and saturation on the torques produced by the actuators are explicitly taken into account.
The Associations of Dyadic Coping and Relationship Satisfaction Vary between and within Nations: A 35-Nation Study

Objective: Theories about how couples help each other to cope with stress, such as the systemic transactional model of dyadic coping, suggest that the cultural context in which couples live influences how their coping behavior affects their relationship satisfaction. In contrast to the theoretical assumptions, a recent meta-analysis provides evidence that neither culture, nor gender, influences the association between dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction, at least based on their samples of couples living in North America and West Europe. Thus, it is an open questions whether the theoretical assumptions of cultural influences are false or whether cultural influences on couple behavior just occur in cultures outside of the Western world. Method: In order to examine the cultural influence, using a sample of married individuals (N = 7973) from 35 nations, we used multilevel modeling to test whether the positive association between dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction varies across nations and whether gender might moderate the association. Results: Results reveal that the association between dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction varies between nations. In addition, results show that in some nations the association is higher for men and in other nations it is higher for women. Conclusions: Cultural and gender differences across the globe influence how couples' coping behavior affects relationship outcomes. This crucial finding indicates that couple relationship education programs and interventions need to be culturally adapted, as skill trainings such as dyadic coping lead to differential effects on relationship satisfaction based on the culture in which couples live.
Comprehensive genomic meta-analysis identifies intra-tumoural stroma as a predictor of survival in patients with gastric cancer

Objective Gastric adenocarcinoma (gastric cancer, GC) is a major cause of global cancer mortality. Identifying molecular programmes contributing to GC patient survival may improve our understanding of GC pathogenesis, highlight new prognostic factors and reveal novel therapeutic targets. The authors aimed to produce a comprehensive inventory of gene expression programmes expressed in primary GCs, and to identify those expression programmes significantly associated with patient survival. Design Using a network-modelling approach, the authors performed a large-scale meta-analysis of GC transcriptome data integrating 940 gastric transcriptomes from multiple independent patient cohorts. The authors analysed a training set of 428 GCs and 163 non-malignant gastric samples, and a validation set of 288 GCs and 61 non-malignant gastric samples. Results The authors identified 178 gene expression programmes (‘modules’) expressed in primary GCs, which were associated with distinct biological processes, chromosomal location patterns, cis-regulatory motifs and clinicopathological parameters. Expression of a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling associated ‘super-module’ of stroma-related genes consistently predicted patient survival in multiple GC validation cohorts. The proportion of intra-tumoural stroma, quantified by morphometry in tissue sections from gastrectomy specimens, was also significantly associated with stromal super-module expression and GC patient survival. Conclusion Stromal gene expression predicts GC patient survival in multiple independent cohorts, and may be closely related to the intra-tumoural stroma proportion, a specific morphological GC phenotype. These findings suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting the GC stroma may merit evaluation.
Constructing a social geography of grandparenthood: a new focus for intergenerationality

In this paper I suggest ways in which a geographical approach to grandparent identities could successfully build upon social geography’s understandings of relational geographies of age. In intergenerational geographies, the compartmentalised nature of age studies means that transitions in later stages of the lifecourse, particularly in family life, remain substantially under-researched. The paper draws together established geographical literatures of age, family and lifecourse, and evidence from qualitative interviews conducted over the past 12 months in the UK for ongoing research with grandfathers, to suggest ways in which the discipline might engage with and critique intergenerational geographies to move it forward. In particular there is a focus on spatialities of body space, embodiment and intimacy, activity spaces, and distance and locality.
The role of catalexis in Spanish rhythm structure : a phonological and phonetic study of catalexis in Spanish syllable-time poetry

In the present study a fragmentary foot structure, associated with word stress, is assumed to be available in Spanish. In addition catalexis is introduced in the metrical analysis of Spanish stress. Acoustic evidence for catalexis is presented. The material consists of Spanish syllabic verse. Phrase-final stressed syllables assumed to be followed by catalexis were found to have 1.6 times longer duration than stressed syllables in general. In conclusion catalexis in phrasefinal position is found to be realized through segmental lengthening. The phonological analysis, the presented acoustic evidence and verse meter restrictions indicate that Spanish, traditionally categorized as a syllable-timed language, has stress-timed tendencies and can be characterized as a language with a mixed rhythm structure.
A one-hop information based geographic routing protocol for delay tolerant MANETs

Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) may lack continuous network connectivity. Routing in DTNs is thus a challenge since it must handle network partitioning, long delays, and dynamic topology. Meanwhile, routing protocols of the traditional Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) cannot work well due to the failure of its assumption that most network connections are available. In this article, a geographic routing protocol is proposed for MANETs in delay tolerant situations, by using no more than one-hop information. A utility function is designed for implementing the under-controlled replication strategy. To reduce the overheads caused by message flooding, we employ a criterion so as to evaluate the degree of message redundancy. Consequently a message redundancy coping mechanism is added to our routing protocol. Extensive simulations have been conducted and the results show that when node moving speed is relatively low, our routing protocol outperforms the other schemes such as Epidemic, Spray and Wait, FirstContact in delivery ratio and average hop count, while introducing an acceptable overhead ratio into the network.
Epidemiological and molecular characterization of rubella virus isolated in São Paulo, Brazil during 1997–2004

Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In 2003, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adopted a resolution calling for the elimination of rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the Americas by the year 2010. Brazil will have implemented the recommended PAHO strategy for elimination and interruption of endemic rubella virus transmission. The characterization of genotypes during the final stages of rubella elimination is important for determining whether new rubella isolates represent endemic transmission or importations. Samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and throat swabs) collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of rubella infection in 1997–2004 were isolated in cell culture and genotyped. Twenty‐eight sequences were analyzed and two genotypes were identified: 1a and 1G. The information reported in this paper will contribute to understanding the molecular epidemiology of RV in São Paulo, Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 84:1831–1838, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.