Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Germ‐line transmission of a myocardium‐specific GFP transgene reveals critical regulatory elements in the cardiac myosin light chain 2 promoter of zebrafish

In response to the lack of a transgenic line of zebrafish labeled with heart‐specific fluorescence in vivo to serve as a research model, we cloned a 1.6‐kb polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ‐product containing the upstream sequence (−870 bp), exon 1 (39 bp), intron 1 (682 bp), and exon 2 (69 bp) of the zebrafish cardiac myosin light chain 2 gene, (cmlc2). A germ‐line transmitted zebrafish possessing a green fluorescent heart was generated by injecting this PCR product fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene with ends consisting of inverted terminal repeats of an adeno‐associated virus. Green fluorescence was intensively and specifically expressed in the myocardial cells located both around the heart chambers and the atrioventricular canal. Neither the epicardium nor the endocardium showed fluorescent signals. The GFP expression in the transgenic line faithfully recapitulated with the spatial and temporal expression of the endogenous cmlc2. Promoter analysis showed that the fragment consisting of nucleotides from −210 to 34 (−210/34) was sufficient to drive heart‐specific expression, with a −210/−73 motif as a basal promoter and a −210/−174 motif as an element involved in suppressing ectopic (nonheart) expression. Interestingly, a germ‐line of zebrafish whose GFP appeared ectopically in all muscle types (heart, skeletal, and smooth) was generated by injecting the fragment including a single nucleotide mutation from G to A at −119, evidence that A at −119 combined with neighboring nucleotides to create a consensus sequence for binding myocyte‐specific enhancer factor‐2. Developmental Dynamics 228:30–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uniform Triadic Transformations

Among the most stimulating developments in music theory in the last decade has been the explosion of interest in transformational theory inspired by the work of Hugo Riemann. A recent special issue of the Journal of Music Theory devoted to neo-Riemannian theory (vol. 42, no. 2, 1998) testifies to the state of vigorous health that the field now enjoys, and the basic neo-Riemannian operators P, L, and R have made their first appearance in an undergraduate harmony textbook (Roig-Francoli 2003, 863-71). Its early successes notwithstanding, neo-Riemannian theory is in its infancy, and in its current state suffers from considerable confusion and several very real shortcomings that severely limit its scope and application. ' Richard Cohn (1998b, 289), for example, has lamented that there is no standardized system for labeling triadic transformations; indeed, the number of different-and sometimes directly conflicting-notational systems in use is substantial. The relation of the "dominant transformation" D-an essential feature of the transformational system of Brian Hyer (1995), for example-to those in the PLR family seems to have become a source of considerable insecurity for some. What is to be made of
Estimating the First‐ and Second‐Order Parameters of a Heavy‐Tailed Distribution

This paper suggests censored maximum likelihood estimators for the first‐ and second‐order parameters of a heavy‐tailed distribution by incorporating the second‐order regular variation into the censored likelihood function. This approach is different from the bias‐reduced maximum likelihood method proposed by Feuerverger and Hall in 1999. The paper derives the joint asymptotic limit for the first‐ and second‐order parameters under a weaker assumption. The paper also demonstrates through a simulation study that the suggested estimator for the first‐order parameter is better than the estimator proposed by Feuerverger and Hall although these two estimators have the same asymptotic variances.
A Comprehensive Expression Profile of MicroRNAs in Porcine Pituitary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small RNAs that regulate expressions of most genes. miRNAs play important roles in the pituitary, the “master” endocrine organ.However, we still don't know which role miRNAs play in the development of pituitary tissue or how much they contribute to the pituitary function. By applying a combination of microarray analysis and Solexa sequencing, we detected a total of 450 miRNAs in the porcine pituitary. Verification with RT-PCR showed a high degree of confidence for the obtained data. According to the current miRBase release17.0, the detected miRNAs included 169 known porcine miRNAs, 163 conserved miRNAs not yet identified in the pig, and 12 potentially new miRNAs not yet identified in any species, three of which were revealed using Northern blot. The pituitary might contain about 80.17% miRNA types belonging to the animal. Analysis of 10 highly expressed miRNAs with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated that the enriched miRNAs were involved not only in the development of the organ but also in a variety of inter-cell and inner cell processes or pathways that are involved in the function of the organ. We have revealed the existence of a large number of porcine miRNAs as well as some potentially new miRNAs and established for the first time a comprehensive miRNA expression profile of the pituitary. The pituitary gland contains unexpectedly many miRNA types and miRNA actions are involved in important processes for both the development and function of the organ.
Design of Microstrip Dual-Passband Filter Based on Branch-Line Resonators

A new type of microstrip dual-passband filter using branch-line resonators near the input and output ports is presented in this paper. The branch-line resonator plays two important roles for the proposed dual-band filter structure. One is for extracting the external quality factor of each band separately and the other is for providing the required resonance at the center frequency of each passband. By adding some additional resonators near the branch-line resonators, the coupling coefficients between adjacent resonators can also be obtained separately such that each passband response of the proposed dual-band filter structure can be designed individually.
Oral administration of erythromycin decreases RNA toxicity in myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by the expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3′ untranslated region of DMPK. The transcripts containing an expanded CUG repeat (CUGexp) result in a toxic gain‐of‐function by forming ribonuclear foci that sequester the alternative splicing factor muscleblind‐like 1 (MBNL1). Although several small molecules reportedly ameliorate RNA toxicity, none are ready for clinical use because of the lack of safety data. Here, we undertook a drug‐repositioning screen to identify a safe and effective small molecule for upcoming clinical trials of DM1.
Aptitude-treatment interaction research in science education

Individual differences among learners constitute an important class of variables for research on instruction. Their study has been of interest because measures of these variables usually predict learning outcome. There is renewed interest in this fact today because aptitudes now often appear to interact with instructional outcomes, relating differently to learning outcomes under different instructional treatments. Practical interest for science educators stems from the possibility that such interactions may be used to adapt science instruction to fit different learners optimally. Aptitude-treatment interactions (ATI) have been the subject of many studies in recent years and a wide variety of ATI findings are now in hand establishing the existence of ATI as a phenomena. Continuing research in this area will hopefully lead toward improved theory and practice to explain and to use aptitude for science instructional purposes. This article identifies promising areas of ATI research as well as general methodological guidelines for interested science educators.
A descriptive study of the relationship of selected neuropsychological factors and cognitive learning styles of alcoholics

ING ABILITY Jones and Parsons (Jones & Parsons., 1972) asked if the impairment in abstracting ability in alcoholics involved only a specific task (identification of spatial geometric concepts) or whether a generalized deficit was present (p. 380). Chronic alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls were compared on three abstracting
Automated 3D Registration of Truncated MR and CT Images of the Head

This paper presents a fully automated technique for the rigid body registration of clinically acquired MR and CT images of the head. We describe our multiresolution approach to the optimisation of voxel similarity measures and evaluate the performance of a number of measures when presented with clinical images with a small overlapping volume. Results are compared with those derived from manual registration by identification of corresponding point landmarks. We show that by limiting the measures to intra-cranial regions of the images, not containing deformable skin surface features, a greater accuracy may be provided for certain types of truncated image.
Genomic prediction in an admixed population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Reliability of genomic selection (GS) models was tested in an admixed population of Atlantic salmon, originating from crossing of several wild subpopulations. The models included ordinary genomic BLUP models (GBLUP), using genome-wide SNP markers of varying densities (1–220 k), a genomic identity-by-descent model (IBD-GS), using linkage analysis of sparse genome-wide markers, as well as a classical pedigree-based model. Reliabilities of the models were compared through 5-fold cross-validation. The traits studied were salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) resistance (LR), measured as (log) density on the skin and fillet color (FC), with respective estimated heritabilities of 0.14 and 0.43. All genomic models outperformed the classical pedigree-based model, for both traits and at all marker densities. However, the relative improvement differed considerably between traits, models and marker densities. For the highly heritable FC, the IBD-GS had similar reliability as GBLUP at high marker densities (>22 k). In contrast, for the lowly heritable LR, IBD-GS was clearly inferior to GBLUP, irrespective of marker density. Hence, GBLUP was robust to marker density for the lowly heritable LR, but sensitive to marker density for the highly heritable FC. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by historical admixture of different founder populations, expected to reduce short-range lice density (LD) and induce long-range LD. The relative importance of LD/relationship information is expected to decrease/increase with increasing heritability of the trait. Still, using the ordinary GBLUP, the typical long-range LD of an admixed population may be effectively captured by sparse markers, while efficient utilization of relationship information may require denser markers (e.g., 22 k or more).
ABSOLUTE FLUX CALIBRATION OF THE IRAC INSTRUMENT ON THE SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE USING HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE FLUX STANDARDS

The absolute flux calibration of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be based on a set of stars observed by the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. In order to cross-calibrate the two facilities, several A, G, and white dwarf stars are observed with both Spitzer and Hubble and are the prototypes for a set of JWST calibration standards. The flux calibration constants for the four Spitzer IRAC bands 1–4 are derived from these stars and are 2.3%, 1.9%, 2.0%, and 0.5% lower than the official cold-mission IRAC calibration of Reach et al., i.e., in agreement within their estimated errors of ∼2%. The causes of these differences lie primarily in the IRAC data reduction and secondarily in the spectral energy distributions of our standard stars. The independent IRAC 8 μm band-4 fluxes of Rieke et al. are about 1.5% ± 2% higher than those of Reach et al. and are also in agreement with our 8 μm result.
Parental Power Bases and Processes as Predictors of Adolescent Conformity

The purpose of this study was to examine how dimensions of parental power bases and processes predicted adolescent conformity to parental expectations. Questionnaire data were collected from a stratified random sample of 368 adolescents. Multiple regression was the statistical test used to analyze the data. Results from this study indicated that several dimensions of parental power bases and processes were significant predictors of adolescent coniformity. In addition, female adolescents demonstrated greater conformity than male adolescents. A major conclusion drawn from these findings was that social power theory provides a solid theoreticalfoundation for examining parental qualities as predictors of adolescent conformity.
Refuting the Myth of the “Violent Schizophrenic”: Assessing an Educational Intervention to Reduce Schizophrenia Stigmatization Using Self-Report and an Implicit Association Test

The goal of this study was to determine whether an educational intervention designed to reduce stigmatization of individuals with schizophrenia improves implicit attitudes, in addition to the improvements in explicit attitudes that have been demonstrated in past research. Participants were 94 undergraduate students randomly assigned to one of two conditions: the experimental group received education about low rates of violence in individuals with schizophrenia; the control group read facts unrelated to mental health. Participants completed an Implicit Attitudes Test measuring unconscious attitudes about schizophrenia and violence before and after reading their assigned information; participants then reported the social distance they desired from individuals with schizophrenia. The intervention improved explicit but not implicit attitudes about schizophrenia, suggesting that educational interventions may not be sufficient to improve the lives of people with schizophrenia by reducing stigmatization against them.
PI3K‐independent AKT activation in cancers: A treasure trove for novel therapeutics

AKT/PKB serine threonine kinase, a critical signaling molecule promoting cell growth and survival pathways, is frequently dysregulated in many cancers. Although phosphatidylinositol‐3‐OH kinase (PI3K), a lipid kinase, is well characterized as a major regulator of AKT activation in response to a variety of ligands, recent studies highlight a diverse group of tyrosine (Ack1/TNK2, Src, PTK6) and serine/threonine (TBK1, IKBKE, DNAPKcs) kinases that activate AKT directly to promote its pro‐proliferative signaling functions. While some of these alternate AKT activating kinases respond to growth factors, others respond to inflammatory and genotoxic stimuli. A common theme emerging from these studies is that aberrant or hyperactivation of these alternate kinases is often associated with malignancy. Consequently, evaluating the use of small molecular inhibitors against these alternate AKT activating kinases at earlier stages of cancer therapy may overcome the pressing problem of drug resistance surfacing especially in patients treated with PI3K inhibitors. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3178–3184, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A High Speed Detection Platform Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Monitoring Antibiotic-Induced Chemical Changes in Bacteria Cell Wall

Rapid and accurate diagnosis for pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility is critical for controlling bacterial infections. Conventional methods for determining bacterium's sensitivity to antibiotic depend mostly on measuring the change of microbial proliferation in response to the drug. Such “biological assay” inevitably takes time, ranging from days for fast-growing bacteria to weeks for slow-growers. Here, a novel tool has been developed to detect the “chemical features” of bacterial cell wall that enables rapid identification of drug resistant bacteria within hours. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique based on our newly developed SERS-active substrate was applied to assess the fine structures of the bacterial cell wall. The SERS profiles recorded by such a platform are sensitive and stable, that could readily reflect different bacterial cell walls found in Gram-positive, Gram-negative, or mycobacteria groups. Moreover, characteristic changes in SERS profile were noticed in the drug-sensitive bacteria at the early period (i.e., ∼1 hr) of antibiotic exposure, which could be used to differentiate them from the drug-resistant ones. The SERS-based diagnosis could be applied to a single bacterium. The high-speed SERS detection represents a novel approach for microbial diagnostics. The single-bacterium detection capability of SERS makes possible analyses directly on clinical specimen instead of pure cultured bacteria.
A study of the prevalence and precipitating factors of pruritus in pityriasis versicolor

DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.131139 2. Kurklinsky AK, Miller VM, Rooke TW. Acrocyanosis: The Flying Dutchman. Vasc Med 2011;16:288‐301. 3. Di Lucca J, Mahe E, Saiag P. Severe acrocyanosis in carcinoid syndrome. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007;134:895‐6. 4. Poszepczynska‐Guigné E, Viguier M, Chosidow O, Orcel B, Emmerich J, Dubertret L. Paraneoplastic acral vascular syndrome: Epidemiologic features, clinical manifestations, and disease sequelae. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:47‐52.
Topological Analysis of Specific Spatial Complex Networks

Based on analyses of specific spatial networks, we compare the accuracy of three models in capturing topologies of two types of spatial networks: electronic circuits and brain networks. The models analyzed are an optimization model trading off multiple-objective constraints, an extended preferential attachment model with spatial constraints, and the generalized random graph model. First, we find that the optimization model and the spatial preferential attachment model can generate similar topological structures under appropriate parameters. Second, our experiments surprisingly show that the simple generalized random graph model outperforms the two proposed models. Third, we find that a series of spatial networks under global optimization of wire length, including the electronic circuits, brain networks, neuronal networks and transportation networks, have high s-metric values close to those of the corresponding generalized random graph models. These s-metric observations explain why the generalized random graph model can match the electronic circuits and the brain networks well from a probabilistic viewpoint, and distinguish their structures from self-organized spatial networks, such as the Internet.
Cost of action, perceived intention, positive reciprocity, and signalling model

This economic experiment tests the positive relationship between perceived intention and positive reciprocity by altering material-payoff structures in treatments, or material-payoff approach. To design the treatments, this study applies a signalling model to explain how the intention of an action is signalled and perceived. As a result from the model, cost of an action positively relates to the perceived intention. The results from seventy-nine subjects who participated in this four-session hand-run experiment that was double-blindly organized between August - September 2011 support the relationship. Moreover, this study hypothesizes on consistent decisions across treatments with different levels of perceived intention, and the results support the hypotheses. The insight into sacrificing and rewarding is the significant implication in this study.
Schools Out: Adam Smith and Pre-disciplinary International Political Economy

In this article, I argue that invocations of Adam Smith in international political economy (IPE) often reveal the influence therein of a disciplinary ontological disaggregation of economic and non-economic rationality, which I claim is obscured by the tendency to map its complex intellectual contours in terms of competing schools. I trace the origins of the disciplinary characterisation of Smith as the founder of IPE's liberal tradition to invocations of his thought by centrally important figures in the perceived Austrian, Chicago and German historical schools of economics, and reflect upon the significance to IPE of the reiteration of this portrayal by apparent members of its so-called American and British schools. I additionally contrast these interpretations to those put forward by scholars who seek to interpret IPE and Smith's contribution to it in pre-disciplinary terms, which I claim reflects a distinct ontology to that attributed to the British school of IPE with which their work is often associated. I therefore contend that reflection upon invocations of Smith's thought in IPE problematises the longstanding tendency to map its intellectual terrain in terms of competing schools, reveals that the disciplinary ontological consensus that informs this tendency impacts upon articulations of its core concerns and suggests that a pre-disciplinary approach offers an alternative lens through which such concerns might be more effectively framed.
Effect of grain weight on germination and seed vigor of wheat

Thousand grain weights is one of the important scales in seed quality that influence on germination, seed vigor, seedling establishment and yield. In order to study the effect of thousand grain weight on germination and seed vigor of bread wheat, an experiment was conducted in seed technology laboratory of Tehran University in 2006. In this experiment, at first stage, the seeds separated by horizontal step, vertical step and frequency parameters of gravity separator set. In second stage, 10 treatments of thousand grain weight entered in standard germination test and seedling growth test in CRD design with 4 replications. In this experiment, in standard germination test traits of seed germination percent, germination rate and mean of germination time and in seedling growth test traits of seedling length and seedling dry weight have been measured. The results showed that in standard germination test, thousand grain weight had not significant effect on germination percent, germination rate and mean of germination time. In seedling growth test, thousand grain weights had significant effect on seedling lengths and seedling dry weight. Also, comparison of means revealed that in trait of seedling dry weight, maximum amount (0.02g) related to maximum of thousand grain weight and minimum amount (0.016g) belonged to minimum of thousand grain weight. Generally, use gravity separator for seed separating and heavier grains for planting seeds could be recommended.
Growth of B-lymphocytes clones in semisolid culture is mitogen dependent

A substance which was mitogenic for murine B lymphocytes in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol was isolated from agar. Stimulating activity of this material was stable to proteolysis or protein denaturants but was destroyed by periodate treatment. Agar-derived mitogen stimulation was distinct from that obtained with dextran sulfate or lipopolysaccharide and may define different populations of B lymphocytes.