Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDES OF AUSTRALIAN THERAPISTS TOWARD OLDER CLIENTS: EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING IMPERATIVES

As Australia's population ages, there is concern that mental health professionals may not be prepared to deal with the increasing number of older people. The present study conducted a postal survey of Australian psychologists and counselors to ascertain whether older clients are less likely to be diagnosed with depression and are regarded less favorably than younger clients. Respondents received one of two versions of a vignette describing a depressed female client. The vignettes differed only in whether the fictitious client was aged 42 or aged 72. Responses were received from 414 psychologists and 293 counselors, representing a response rate of 38%. In general, response patterns did not differ between psychologists and counselors. Most respondents correctly identified depression regardless of the client's age. Attitudes toward treating the older client were consistently less favorable than for the younger client. The older client was rated as significantly less able to develop an adequate therapeutic relationship, to have a poorer prognosis, and to be less appropriate for therapy; and the therapists felt less competent in treating her and were less willing to accept her as a client. The evidence of an age bias has significant implications for the education and training of psychologists and counselors.
Future Paradigm or False Idol: A Cautionary Tale of Evidence-Based Practice for Adventure Education and Therapy

Evidence-based practice is an approach that narrowly classifies research results by utilising a hierarchy of evidence. This process renders much available knowledge and experience redundant within its value structure. Currently a dominating ideology across medical and health fields, evidence-based practice is now being promoted in adventure education and therapy (activity-based practices steeped in outdoor and experiential learning). In this paper, I challenge the evidence-based practice paradigm and its relationship to adventure education and therapy. I suggest that evidence-based practice ideology, guided by political and economic forces, may be detrimental to the development of a long-term, multifaceted, and meaningful research agenda. Critical dialogue between academics and practitioners in adventure education and therapy is advised, and caution offered to those entering the evidence-based paradigm.
One More Time without Feeling: Detecting Fabricated Remorse Using Linguistic Analysis

Despite the benefits to be gained from successfully feigning the emotion of remorse, few studies have addressed the identification of fabricated statements of remorse. We investigated whether there were differences in first person singular pronoun use between genuine versus deceptive displays of remorse in typewritten statements of remorse. Results showed that participants produced a significantly higher proportion of first person singular pronouns (I, me, and my) in their genuine versus deceptive statements. These findings suggest there are measurable differences in language use between genuine and falsified expressions of remorse and highlight the potential utility of language analysis in the identification of true versus fabricated statements of remorse.
Measuring the Impact of Fraud in the UK: A Conceptual and Empirical Journey

This article examines the conceptual and empirical underpinnings of data on the cost of fraud—collected for a study conducted for the Association of Chief Police Officers and summarized in the article—and reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the data collection processes. It also raises broader questions about the relationship between crime control ideologies, institutional responsibilities, and what data on crime are kept and not kept; and concludes by reviewing the implications of recent strategies for enhancing fraud data collection.
Identity Styles and Interpersonal Behavior in Emerging Adulthood: The Intervening Role of Empathy

This study examined the intervening role of empathy in the relations between identity styles (i.e., information‐oriented, normative, and diffuse‐avoidant styles), and inter‐personal behaviors (i.e., prosocial behavior, self‐ and other‐oriented helping, and physical and relational aggression). In a sample of 341 emerging adults, it was found that an information‐oriented style relates to a more adaptive pattern of interpersonal behaviors whereas a normative or a diffuse‐avoidant identity style relate to a more maladaptive pattern of interpersonal behaviors. Empathy played an intervening role between the information‐oriented style and interpersonal behavior, and between the diffuse‐avoidant style and interpersonal behavior. However, empathy did not intervene between the normative style and interpersonal behavior. Implications for future research are discussed.
Impedance modulation: a means to cope with neuromuscular noise

Impedance modulation has been suggested as a means to suppress the effects of internal ‘noise’ on movement kinematics. We investigated this hypothesis in a neuromusculo-skeletal model. A prerequisite is that the muscle model produces realistic force variability. We found that standard Hill-type models do not predict realistic force variability in response to variability in stimulation. In contrast, a combined motor-unit pool model and a pool of parallel Hill-type motor units did produce realistic force variability as a function of target force, largely independent of how the force was transduced to the tendon. To test the main hypothesis, two versions of the latter model were simulated as an antagonistic muscle pair, controlling the position of a frictionless hinge joint, with a distal segment having realistic inertia relative to the muscle strength. Increasing the impedance through co-activation resulted in less kinematic variability, except for the lowest levels of co-activation. Model behaviour in this region was affected by the noise amplitude and the inertial properties of the model. Our simulations support the idea that muscular co-activation is in principle an effective strategy to meet accuracy demands.
Unplanned Tourist Attraction Visits by Travellers

Abstract A conceptual model of travellers’ unplanned attraction visits is proposed based upon the literature related to intention–behaviour discrepancy and prospect theory and a survey of 551 travellers was used to test the proposed model. The results of the study indicate that unplanned en route decisions are significant parts of travel in terms of the number of attractions visited and the length of stay. Also, trip and traveller characteristics have a significant indirect effect on the number of unplanned attraction visits made. The results focus attention on the importance of on-site stimuli that can be used to evoke unplanned stops.
A Reflection on Inspiration: A Recuperative Call for Emotion in Disability Studies

The article calls for a reconsideration of the term inspiration so that it might be recuperated as a valuable emotion within disability discourse. Inspirational narratives often carry the attendant baggage of pity and fear, suggesting that disability can and should automatically evoke sympathy or concern from the audience—concern that people with disabilities might be a social or economic burden, concern of becoming disabled themselves. Dichotomously, other inspirational narratives promote the idea of the "supercrip" who, against all odds, overcomes the burdens of disability in the face of pervasive adversity. In these narratives, inspiration rightly becomes an emotion unsettling to Disability Studies and the disability community. Yet certain disabilities, such as psychiatric and emotional disabilities (arguably underrepresented in Disability Studies), may benefit from inspirational narratives. After reflecting on some analyses of these contested emotions by disability scholars, the article offers a repositioning of the term inspiration in relation to scenarios of the personal and political.
Organizational effectiveness : a behavioral view

Since Adam Smith, mankind has tried to organize human activity to yield the highest productivity and efficiency. During the relatively short history of organizational and administrative sciences, there have been numerous articles, books, and monographs with such titles as "the efficient organization," "the effective organization," "organizational effectiveness" all evidence that the idea of effectiveness has often been a central theme in organizational theory literature. Research and debate on leadership, motivational and structural-contingency theories and interorganizational relationships, ultimately deal with the explanation and prediction of organizational effectiveness.
Predicting risk for oral and written language learning difficulties in students educated in a second language

ABSTRACT The extent to which risk for French as a second language (L2) reading and language learning impairment are distinct and can be predicted using first language (L1) predictors was examined in English-speaking students in total French immersion programs. A total of 86 children were tested in fall of kindergarten, spring kindergarten, and spring Grade 1 using an extensive battery of L1 predictor tests (in kindergarten) and L2 outcome tests (in Grade 1). Analyses of the kindergarten predictor scores revealed distinct underlying components, one related to reading and one to oral language. Further analyses revealed that phonological awareness, phonological access, and letter-sound knowledge in L1 were significant predictors of risk for reading difficulties in L2 while performance on L1 sentence repetition, phonological awareness, and tense marking tests in kindergarten were the best predictors of risk for L1 and L2 oral language difficulties. Both fall- and spring-kindergarten predictors predicted Grade 1 outcomes to a significant extent, with the spring-kindergarten predictors being more accurate. These results provide support for distinctive risk profiles for L2 oral language and reading difficulty and, furthermore, argue that assessment of L1 abilities can be used to make reasonably accurate predictions of later reading and/or oral language learning difficulties in L2 students.
Teachers, social class and underachievement

Addressing the ‘the social class attainment gap’ in education has become a government priority in England. Despite multiple initiatives, however, little has effectively addressed the underachievement of working‐class pupils within the classroom. In order to develop clearer understandings of working‐class underachievement at this level, this small research study focused on local social processes by exploring how secondary school teachers identified and addressed underachievement in their classrooms. Our analysis shows how teachers’ identifications of underachieving pupils overlapped with, and were informed by, their tacit understanding of pupils’ social class position. While many teachers resisted the influence of social class, they used stereotypes to justify their practice and expectations, positioning pupils within educational and occupational hierarchies. This, we conclude, suggests the need for more systematic attention to the micro‐social processes that provide the conditions through which working‐class underachievement is produced.
Genotype x environment interactions in milk yield and quality in Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows on different forage systems.

Milk yield and quality were observed on 93 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows over 3 yr to evaluate the interactions of direct and maternal breed effects and heterosis with forage environment. Forage environments were common bermudagrass (BG), endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+), and a rotational system (ROT) of both forages, in which each forage (BG or E+) was grazed during its appropriate season, usually June through October for BG and November through May for E+. Milk yield was estimated each of 6 mo (April through September) via milking machine and converted to a 24-h basis. Milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count were analyzed by a commercial laboratory. Heterosis for milk yield was similar among forages, averaging 2.4 kg (P < 0.01). Expressed as percentages of purebred means, heterosis for milk yield was largest on E+ (52.8%), intermediate on ROT (39.3%), and smallest on BG (23.7%). Direct breed effects for milk yield favored Brahman, and they were similar among forages but tended to be larger for E+ (2.5 kg) and ROT (2.8 kg) than for BG (1.3 kg). Direct breed effects for milk fat favored Brahman and were similar among forages but tended to be larger for E+ (1.0%) and ROT (1.0%) than for BG (0.6%). Purebred cows exceeded crossbreds in milk protein by 0.1% on ROT (P < 0.10). Crossbred cows had lower somatic cell counts than purebreds on BG (P < 0.05), E+ (P < 0.01), or ROT (P > 0.30). Heterosis for somatic cell counts as percentages of purebred means was similar for BG (-68.3%) and E+ (-68.9%) and less favorable for ROT (-31.6%). Maternal breed effects for somatic cell count favored Angus on ROT (P < 0.10) with a similar nonsignificant trend on BG and E+. Direct breed effects for somatic cell count favored Brahman on ROT (P < 0.10) with similar nonsignificant trends on BG and E+. These results suggested that a rotation of cows from E+ to BG in the summer can partially alleviate negative effects of E+ on milk yield. Conclusions also indicated an advantage to crossbred cows in somatic cell count and provided evidence of both direct and maternal breed effects for this trait. The results also suggested that direct breed effects for milk yield, milk fat, and somatic cell count and heterosis for milk yield and somatic cell count (as percentages of purebred means) tended to vary with forage environment, indicating a potential for genotype x environment interaction for these traits.
Heterogeneity in chromatic distance in images and characterization of massive painting data set

Painting is an art form that has long functioned as a major channel for the creative expression and communication of humans, its evolution taking place under an interplay with the science, technology, and social environments of the times. Therefore, understanding the process based on comprehensive data could shed light on how humans acted and manifested creatively under changing conditions. Yet, there exist few systematic frameworks that characterize the process for painting, which would require robust statistical methods for defining painting characteristics and identifying human’s creative developments, and data of high quality and sufficient quantity. Here we propose that the color contrast of a painting image signifying the heterogeneity in inter-pixel chromatic distance can be a useful representation of its style, integrating both the color and geometry. From the color contrasts of paintings from a large-scale, comprehensive archive of 179 853 high-quality images spanning several centuries we characterize the temporal evolutionary patterns of paintings, and present a deep study of an extraordinary expansion in creative diversity and individuality that came to define the modern era.
Guns Versus Butter: The Indirect Link

Studies of the guns versus butter trade-off found no evidence for the existence of a trade-off in the pre-Reagan era (see Russett 1982; Domke, Eichenberg, and Kelleher 1983; Mintz 1989). This study extends prior research by examining not only the direct, immediate effects of defense spending but also the indirect impact of arms expenditures on education spending. A three-equation model is specified and empirically estimated using data from 1953 to 1987. The results show no negative short-term effects but do show significant indirect long-term trade-offs.
EFFECT OF ONE MONTH DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING ON PEAKEXPIRATORY FLOW RATE AND BREATH HOLDING TIME

Practice of yoga based relaxation techniques has been associated with various physiological changes in our body. The long term practice of these techniques has been reported to improve the pulmonary functions. However, the study on effects of short term diaphragmatic breathing on lung functions is yet lacking. Therefore, the present analytical study was conducted to find the changes in pulmonary functions after practising diaphragmatic breathing for one month among (n=40; 20 males and 20 females) 1st year MBBS students aged between 18-20 years. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and breathe holding time (BHT) was recorded in these subjects before and after one month of practising diaphragmatic breathing. There was a significant increase in both PEFR and BHT after 1month of diaphragmatic breathing manoeuvre depicting the beneficial of diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary functions. Key words: Yoga; Pulmonary functions; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Breath Holding Time
Adjunctive group support for spouses of women with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia

The development and main issues of an ongoing group for spouses of patients with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia are reported. The need of these individuals for information, and for sharing feelings of isolation, frustration, anger, and guilt are discussed. Other common themes discussed are those related to control of the eating behavior of the spouse, relationships with family members and children, and common personality characteristics of the wives. The therapist's perspective on the group and recommendations for future groups are presented. This group was found to provide a useful adjunct to the treatment of these patients.
Stepwise Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

The cellular ontogeny of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains poorly understood because their isolation from and their identification in early developing small embryos are difficult. We attempted to dissect early developmental stages of HSCs using an in vitro mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation system combined with inducible HOXB4 expression. Here we report the identification of pre-HSCs and an embryonic type of HSCs (embryonic HSCs) as intermediate cells between ESCs and HSCs. Both pre-HSCs and embryonic HSCs were isolated by their c-Kit+CD41+CD45− phenotype. Pre-HSCs did not engraft in irradiated adult mice. After co-culture with OP9 stromal cells and conditional expression of HOXB4, pre-HSCs gave rise to embryonic HSCs capable of engraftment and long-term reconstitution in irradiated adult mice. Blast colony assays revealed that most hemangioblast activity was detected apart from the pre-HSC population, implying the early divergence of pre-HSCs from hemangioblasts. Gene expression profiling suggests that a particular set of transcripts closely associated with adult HSCs is involved in the transition of pre-HSC to embryonic HSCs. We propose an HSC developmental model in which pre-HSCs and embryonic HSCs sequentially give rise to adult types of HSCs in a stepwise manner.
School ethical climate and parental involvement

Using structural equations modeling, this study explored the association between school ethical climate (characterized by values of caring, rules and a professional code) and two types of parental involvement: cooperation‐based and conflict‐based. The mediating effects of perceived parental influence and trust and parents’ socioeconomic (SES) level were considered as well. School‐level data were obtained from 157 teachers representing 20 elementary schools in Israel, and individual‐level data were obtained from 936 parents. Results showed that an ethical climate characterized by rules and a professional code was more common and more strongly related to parental involvement than a caring climate. Different patterns were detected for the two SES groups: high‐SES parents tended to be less involved (both cooperation‐wise and conflict‐wise) than low‐SES ones when the school climate was perceived as more ethical. Results have implications for research on school values and school culture.
Teacher Reports of Social Behaviour and Peer Acceptance in Early Childhood: Sex and Social Status Differences

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between sex, social status and social behaviour in a sample of Australian preschool-aged children. Social behaviour has emerged as an important predictor of social status for children in middle childhood however, although early childhood may be an optimum period for implementation of intervention programs, little is known about the correlates of social status in the preschool years. Additionally, relatively little research has addressed the issue of sex differences in the factors that are associated with peer social status. Sociometric interviews were conducted with 182 children (92 boys and 90 girls) four to five years of age (mean age 62.4 months). Status groups of popular, rejected, neglected, controversial and average children were identified according to criteria established in previous research. Teachers provided an assessment of children’s social behaviour, peer group entry skills and conflict resolution skills. Results indicated that rejected children were less likely to engage in prosocial cooperative behaviour than any other status group. Rejected children were also rated as less successful overall than other groups in their group entry attempts, but were not more likely to display aggressive or disruptive behaviour. Teachers rated boys as more aggressive than girls and more likely to use aggressive or disruptive strategies in group entry and conflict resolution. Results are discussed in terms of the relevance of particular behavioural characteristics and social skills to successful social functioning for preschool-aged boys and girls.
Exploring the Intention to Use Computers: An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Perceived Ease of Use

This research utilizes the Integrated Model of Technology Acceptance (IMTA) to study the intention to use computers among first line managers in a mid-sized manufacturing organization (n=172). As hypothesized, the study found 1) a positive relationship between extrinsic motivation and behavioral intention to use computers, 2) a positive relationship between perceived ease of use and behavioral intention to use computers, 3) a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, 4) a positive relationship between perceived ease of use and extrinsic motivation, and 5) a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and perceived ease of use. However, the hypothesis that intrinsic motivation would have a positive relationship to behavioral intention to use computers was not supported. This work makes a needed contribution to the literature by validating the IMTA with a group of real-world users, and suggests that the model may provide a useful foundation for future research in this area.
Hazard Adjustment, Locus of Control, and Sensation Seeking

Interviews were carried out with 328 residents of London, Ontario, to test the hypothesis that LOC and sensation seekinig are related to the tendency to adopt adjustments to natural and nonnatural hazards. Although there was no support for the hypothesis, secondary analysis revealed certain consistent patterns for the adoption of adjustments to both natural and nonnatural hazards, including a significant positive relationship between past experience and the tendency to adopt adjustments. Possible explanations for the findings are offered, and some directions for future research are suggested.
Extemporaneous Adaptation to Evolving Complexity: A Case Study of Resilience in Healthcare

The work of healthcare is performed in a guild fashion with few instances of simultaneous cooperative work that crosses traditional boundaries of responsibility and authority. The following is a case of resilient performance during a medical crisis, in which several individuals from unrelated specialties who had never before worked together cooperatively, adapted quickly to shifting goals. Study of such successes and failures within healthcare may elucidate the conditions, features and characteristics necessary for sustained resilience in clinical care.