Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FML-based Dynamic Assessment Agent for Human-Machine Cooperative System on Game of Go

In this paper, we demonstrate the application of Fuzzy Markup Language (FML) to construct an FML-based Dynamic Assessment Agent (FDAA), and we present an FML-based Human-Machine Cooperative System (FHMCS) for the game of Go. The proposed FDAA comprises an intelligent decision-making and learning mechanism, an intelligent game bot, a proximal development agent, and an intelligent agent. The intelligent game bot is based on the open-source code of Facebook Darkforest, and it features a representational state transfer application programming interface mechanism. The proximal development agent contains a dynamic assessment mechanism, a GoSocket mechanism, and an FML engine with a fuzzy knowledge base and rule base. The intelligent agent contains a GoSocket engine and a summarization agent that is based on the estimated win rate, real-time simulation number, and matching degree of predicted moves. Additionally, the FML for player performance evaluation and linguistic descriptions for game results commentary are presented. We experimentally verify and validate the performance of the FDAA and variants of the FHMCS by testing five games in 2016 and 60 games of Google Master Go, a new version of the AlphaGo program, in January 2017. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed FDAA can work effectively for Go applications.
Unification of the Genera Serpulina and Brachyspira, and Proposals of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Comb. Nov., Brachyspira innocens Comb. Nov. and Brachyspira pilosicoli Comb. Nov.

The phylogenetic positions of Serpulina hyodysenteriae, Serpulina innocens, Serpulina pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi were studied. Complete 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of these three species and B. aalborgi revealed that their 16S rDNA sequences were related more than 96.0%. The mol% guanine plus cytosine (G + C) of B. aalborgi DNA was 27.1, and was similar to those of the 3 members of the genus Serpulina. The homologous rates using 32P‐labeled B. aalborgi chromosome DNA in DNA‐DNA reassociation tests were 22.0% to S. hyodysenteriae, 19.1% to S. innocens and 17.2% to S. pilosicoli. Therefore, we propose to transfer the three species of the genus Serpulina to the genus Brachyspira. Descriptions of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae comb. nov., Brachyspira innocens comb. nov. and Brachyspira pilosicoli comb. nov., and an emended description of B. aalborgi are given. Phenotypic characteristics of the 4 members of the genus Brachyspira were also studied. They fermented fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, man‐nose, raffinose and trehalose; however, B. aalborgi did not ferment raffinose. All of them hydrolyzed esculin but did not produce indole except for B. hyodysenteriae. The protein profile of B. aalborgi was different from those of the four strains of B. hyodysenteriae, B. innocens and B. pilosicoli, but the heavy bands with molecular sizes of 49.4 and 52.3 kDa of B. aalborgi were quite similar to those of B. innocens in the points of quantity and molecular size. In immunoblotting tests, B. aalborgi reacted well with anti‐B. innocens and B. pilosicoli sera, but reacted weakly with anti‐B. hyodysenteriae serum. Only one heavy band and several faint bands were revealed by the reaction between B. aalborgi and anti‐B. hyodysenteriae serum, and the heavy band was common among these strains.
SYMPLECTIC CAMELS AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

Gromov’s non-squeezing theorem is a relatively new results in symplectic topology that provides a non-trivial constraint on the propagation of uncertainty in a Hamiltonian system. While the application to nonlinear systems is difficult, one can apply the theorem to obtain bounds on the propagation of uncertainty in the linearized system, by exploiting the fact that the flow of the linearization of a Hamiltionian system is still symplectic. This report compares the results that one obtains by this linearized analysis to the actual behavior of the nonlinear system.
Progressive Resistance Exercise with Eccentric Loading for the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis

Introduction The patient was a 58-year-old African-American male with radiographic evidence of bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA). He participated in a standardized 12-week eccentric strengthening program within a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. Background The use of an eccentric training paradigm may prove to be beneficial for older adults with knee OA since eccentric muscle actions are involved in the energy absorption at the knee joint during gait and controlled movement during stair descent. Furthermore, in comparison to standard muscle actions, eccentric muscle actions result in higher torque generation and a lower rate of oxygen consumption at a given level of perceived exertion. Therefore, this mode of progressive resistance exercise may be ideal for older adults. Discussion The patient completed an eccentric strengthening regimen for the knee flexors and extensors twice per week without an exacerbation of knee pain. Muscle morphology measures of the rectus femoris were measured using diagnostic ultrasound. Isokinetic measures of muscle peak torque were obtained at 60°/s and 180°/s. Functional performance was assessed using a physical performance battery and stair-step performance was assessed from the linear displacement of the center of gravity trajectories obtained with a force plate. Visual analog scale pain ratings and self-reported global disease status were also documented. Post-exercise assessments revealed improvements in sonographic muscle size and tissue composition estimates, peak knee extensor torque (ranging from 60 to 253%), functional performance, and global disease status. Concluding remarks The patient exhibited improvements in muscle morphology, muscle strength, functional performance, pain, and global disease status after 12 weeks of an eccentric strengthening regimen. The intervention and outcomes featured in this case were feasible to implement within a VA medical center and merit further investigation.
Psychometric Properties of a European Spanish Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

This paper presents evidence from a heterogeneous sample of 440 Spanish adults, for the reliability and validity of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The European Spanish version PSS (14-item) demonstrated adequate reliability (internal consistency, α = .81, and test-retest, r = .73), validity (concurrent), and sensitivity. Additional data indicate adequate reliability (α = .82, test-retest, r = .77), validity, and sensitivity of a 10-item short version of the PSS. El presente articulo demuestra la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión española de la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS en el original) a partir del estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en una muestra heterogénea de 440 adultos españoles. La PSS fue diseñada para medir el grado en que las situaciones en la vida se valoran como estresantes. La versión española de la PSS (14-ítems) demostró una adecuada fiabilidad (consistencia interna, α = .81, y test-retest, r = .73), validez (concurrente), y sensibilidad. Datos adicionales indicaron una fiabilidad (α = .82, test-retest, r = .77), validez, y sensibilidad adecuadas también para la versión corta de 10-ítems (PSS-10).
In vivo spectroscopy of healthy skin and pathology in terahertz frequency range

Biomedical applications of terahertz (THz) technology and, in particular, THz pulsed spectroscopy have attracted considerable interest in the scientific community. A lot of papers have been dedicated to studying the ability for human disease diagnosis, including the diagnosis of human skin cancers. In this paper we have studied the THz material parameters and THz dielectric properties of human skin and pathology in vivo, and THz pulsed spectroscopy has been utilized for this purpose. We have found a contrast between material parameters of basal cell carcinoma and healthy skin, and we have also compared the THz material parameters of dysplastic and non-dysplastic pigmentary nevi in order to study the ability for early melanoma diagnosis. Significant differences between the THz material parameters of healthy skin and pathology have been detected, thus, THz pulsed spectroscopy promises to be become an effective tool for non-invasive diagnosis of skin neoplasms.
Evaluation of Emotional Distress in Breast Cancer Patients

Background Cancer has been known as a class of dangerous diseases which cause tremendous physical and emotional problems to both patients and their families. In spite of medical advances, cancer is still considered to be equal with death and pain. This study aims to analyze the emotional distress and the causes in breast cancer patients. Methods This study was a quantitative study which tries to analyze the emotional distress in 82 breast cancer patients referred to the Radiotherapy and Oncology Department of Razi Hospital in Rasht, northern Iran. In this study, the emotional distress is analyzed based on a standard questionnaire which contains demographic information, distress thermometer, and a section devoted to the probable causes. Results Among the 82 patients that participated in this study, 32 patients (39%) suffered from severe emotional distress which had a statistically significant relationship (p<0.009) with the functional status of the patients. Taking care of children, fear, anxiety, difficulties of taking bath and wearing clothes, family problems, fever and nasal dryness are the most common issued related to emotional distress. Conclusion Emotional distress can affect the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Therefore, oncology specialists should utilize mental health services to improve their patients’ mental health as well as to control the consequences of the disease.
Potentiation of NMDA Receptor-Dependent Cell Responses by Extracellular High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein

Background Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein can operate in a synergistic fashion with different signal molecules promoting an increase of cell Ca2+ influx. However, the mechanisms responsible for this effect of HMGB1 are still unknown. Principal Findings Here we demonstrate that, at concentrations of agonist per se ineffective, HMGB1 potentiates the activation of the ionotropic glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in isolated hippocampal nerve terminals and in a neuroblastoma cell line. This effect was abolished by the NMDA channel blocker MK-801. The HMGB1-facilitated NMDAR opening was followed by activation of the Ca2+-dependent enzymes calpain and nitric oxide synthase in neuroblastoma cells, resulting in an increased production of NO, a consequent enhanced cell motility, and onset of morphological differentiation. We have also identified NMDAR as the mediator of HMGB1-stimulated murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation, induced by hexamethylenebisacetamide. The potentiation of NMDAR activation involved a peptide of HMGB1 located in the B box at the amino acids 130–139. This HMGB1 fragment did not overlap with binding sites for other cell surface receptors of HMGB1, such as the advanced glycation end products or the Toll-like receptor 4. Moreover, in a competition assay, the HMGB1(130–139) peptide displaced the NMDAR/HMGB1 interaction, suggesting that it comprised the molecular and functional site of HMGB1 regulating the NMDA receptor complex. Conclusion We propose that the multifunctional cytokine-like molecule HMGB1 released by activated, stressed, and damaged or necrotic cells can facilitate NMDAR-mediated cell responses, both in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, independently of other known cell surface receptors for HMGB1.
Is the Macroeconomy Locally Unstable and Why Should We Care?

In most modern macroeconomic models, the steady state (or balanced growth path) of the system is a local attractor, in the sense that, in the absence of shocks, the economy would converge to the steady state. In this chapter, we examine whether the time-series behavior of macroeconomic aggregates (especially labor market aggregates) is in fact supportive of this local-stability view of macroeconomic dynamics, or if it instead favors an alternative interpretation in which the macroeconomy may be better characterized as being locally unstable, with nonlinear deterministic forces capable of producing endogenous cyclical behavior. To do this, we extend a standard AR representation of the data to allow for smooth nonlinearities. Our main finding is that, even using a procedure that may have low power to detect local instability, the data provide intriguing support for the view that the macroeconomy may be locally unstable and involve limit-cycle forces. An interesting finding is that the degree of nonlinearity we detect in the data is small, but nevertheless enough to alter the description of macroeconomic behavior. We complete the chapter with a discussion of the extent to which these two different views about the inherent dynamics of the macroeconomy may matter for policy.
Investment Policies under Semivariance Arjen Siegmann

Downside deviation, semivariance, or the second lower partial moment are different names for the same risk measure, proposed in the literature for capturing the downside risk of investment decisions. This paper analyzes multiperiod decision making under such a risk measure, and finds that a V-shaped decision rule in wealth is prevalent for the most common assumptions on the distribution of uncertainty. Given that a V-shaped rule is acceptable nor desirable in practice, the use of semivariance needs a reconsideration in terms of its plausibility for guiding actual decision making in investment and elsewhere.
Medical malpractice and head and neck cancer

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to evaluate medical malpractice involving patients with head and neck cancer. In the United States, problems associated with the medical malpractice environment are reaching proportions that threaten the delivery of health care. Recent findingsSeveral methods to learn more about the trends and ramifications of litigation have been developed. Although patients with cancer of the head and neck bring suits rarely, when they do several themes seem prevalent. Delays in diagnosis are common allegations. Plaintiffs are frequently much younger than expected, and the oncologic outcome is frequently poor. Defendant physicians occasionally unwittingly add to the delay by not expecting the younger patient. The poor oncologic outcome may be related to the delay or to a biologically more aggressive disease. Relationships between these factors are explored. Consent issues are also relatively common. SummaryPhysicians must strive to know as much as possible about tort reform, and to contribute to the process. Litigation analysis and other tools to expand our understanding can be used to educate ourselves and the legal community. Scientific standards must be developed along with clinical pathways to guide ourselves to prevent litigation. They may also guide the legal community to establish more rational standards of care based on a consensus of expert opinions.
Usability of the Novel Liraglutide 3.0 mg Pen Injector Among Overweight or Obese Adult Patients With or Without Prior Injection Experience

Background: Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities and increased mortality, making it an important target for treatment. However, achieving and maintaining weight loss by diet and physical activity remains challenging, and may often require pharmacotherapy. Liraglutide 3.0 mg has recently been approved for weight management in the United States, Canada, and EU. The current analysis used a summative usability test to assess safety and effectiveness, ease of use, and training requirements for the novel liraglutide 3.0 mg pen injector. Methods: Of the 234 participants, half received instructions for use and video-based training and/or opportunity to handle the device. All participants (excluding pharmacists) performed 6 tasks followed by post- task interviews on task difficulty, device ease of use, and any use errors, close calls, and operational difficulties. Tasks included differentiation of correct box and pen injector, medication clarity assessment, normal, dose reversal, and end-of-content injection. Number/type of use errors, close calls, and operational difficulties were evaluated. Results: All assessed participants interpreted the instructions for use correctly. No potentially serious use errors, and low numbers of nonserious errors, were reported. Overall, participants committed 105 use errors related to handling, with no potential for harm. A total of 25 close calls and 44 operational difficulties were reported without any pattern indicative of a design flaw. Marked differences in the incidence of events were observed for trained versus untrained participants regardless of prior injection experience. Participants rated ease of use as 6.4/7. Conclusions: The liraglutide 3.0 mg pen injector is safe and easy to use for liraglutide administration. New device features allow for safe use after brief training.
In sickness and in death: Assessing frailty in human skeletal remains.

Stress plays an important role in the etiology of multiple morbid and mortal outcomes among the living. Drawing on health paradigms constructed among the living augments our evolving knowledge of relationships between stress and health. Therefore, elucidating relationships between stress and both chronic and acute skeletal lesions may help clarify our understanding of long-term health trends in the past. In this study, we propose an index of "skeletal frailty," based on models of frailty used to evaluate the life-long effects of stress on health among living populations. Here, we assess the possible applicability of frailty to archaeological populations. The skeletal frailty index (SFI) is proposed as a methodological liaison between advances made by biological anthropologists studying relationships between stress and health among the living and bioarchaeologists studying stress and health among the dead. In a case study examining skeletal stress in Medieval London, the SFI is applied to nonmonastic (N = 60) and monastic (N = 74) samples. We used analysis of variance/analysis of covariance to compare SFI values between nonmonastic-monastic groups, sexes, and age cohorts. Results indicate higher lifetime morbidity among monastic groups. These results complement previous bioarchaeological findings on the same London populations, wherein lower risks of mortality and longer lifespans were observed for monastic populations. SFI data reflect the morbidity-mortality paradox observed in modern populations and accompany recent findings in bioarchaeology of variation in Medieval monastic and nonmonastic "health. " Ultimately, this study demonstrates the SFI's utility in bioarchaeology, through its application of commonly assessed skeletal biomarkers, its ease of applicability, and its potential usefulness for assessing changes in skeletal health over time and across specific geographies.
Amplitude and area ratios of summating potential/action potential (SP/AP) in Meniere's disease

Conclusions. Our results suggest that summating potential/action potential (SP/AP) area ratio may not necessarily have higher sensivity in the diagnosis of endolymphatic hydrops of Meniere's disease (MD) than SP/AP amplitude ratio in transtympanic electrocochleography (ECochG). Objective. Recent studies suggested that SP/AP area curve ratio was more sensitive to endolymphatic hydrops in comparison with SP/AP amplitude ratio in extratympanic ECochG. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility of the SP/AP area curve ratio in transtympanic ECochG for the diagnosis of MD. Patients and methods. A retrospective chart review of 198 patients (209 ears) was conducted in cases of MD. Results. With regard to SP/AP amplitude ratio, 57.1% in definite cases of MD (group 1), 39.6% in probable cases of MD (group 2), and 50.0% in the cases who had transformed from probable MD to definite MD (group 3) showed abnormally high values, respectively. Abnormally high values were observed in 43.9%, 27.7%, and 30.0% in SP/AP area ratio in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, indicating that abnormal values were observed more frequently in the amplitude ratio than in the area ratio in all three groups.
Predicting Dimensional Accuracy of Laser Welded Aluminum Add-On Body Parts

Laser welding of complex aluminum add-on body parts such as vehicle doors, is a common joining technology in the automotive industry. Besides the many advantages (e.g. high processing speed) laser welding provides, temperature induced distortions are an important task to deal with. In the last twenty years, several simplified FE methods, which predict welding distortion (weld seams, spot welds) of large assemblies, were presented. In order to simulate the distortion of large car body components properly, realistic clamping conditions need to be considered [1, 2, 3]. Furthermore, the calibration process of simplified models has to be examined systematically, to find out their limits and achieve optimal simulation results [4]. In this paper, a new FE model is presented to predict distortion of laser welded structures, based on a shrinkage volume approach. Effective surface based clamping conditions (derived of the real clamping device) and effects of previous forming processes are considered. The simplified model was examined due to an extensive design of experiments. Not only simple, but even complex simulated specimens match with the experimental results very well.
Impaired statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies in adolescents with specific language impairment

Being able to track dependencies between syntactic elements separated by other constituents is crucial for language acquisition and processing (e.g., in subject-noun/verb agreement). Although long assumed to require language-specific machinery, research on statistical learning has suggested that domain-general mechanisms may support the acquisition of non-adjacent dependencies. In this study, we investigated whether individuals with specific language impairment (SLI)—who have problems with long-distance dependencies in language—also have problems with statistical learning of non-adjacent relations. The results confirmed this hypothesis, indicating that statistical learning may subserve the acquisition and processing of long-distance dependencies in natural language.
IMPROVEMENT OF TICS AFTER SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial thalamic nuclei and globus pallidus internus (GPi)1,2 has been tried in the treatment of medically refractory Tourette syndrome (TS). Subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the target most commonly used for DBS in Parkinson disease (PD). A double-blind randomized study has shown the efficacy of STN-DBS in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD),3 which is considered within the spectrum of TS. We report a patient with PD who also had a history of TS in whom bilateral STN-DBS improved both PD and tics. ### Case report. A 38-year-old man with an 8-year history of PD was referred for DBS consideration. He had a history of tics that began at the age of 7 and improved by the age of 12. Tics increased in adulthood prior to the diagnosis of PD. No changes of tics were noticed following the onset of PD or dopaminergic medication. No treatment for tics was ever prescribed. Prior to surgery he had motor and phonic tics and compulsion of checking that doors were locked. A single exon 5 deletion in the parkin gene was detected. Quadripolar 3389 DBS electrodes (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) were implanted bilaterally in the STN …