Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic and Microscopic Properties of a Cloned Glutamate Transporter/Chloride Channel

The behavior of a Cl− channel associated with a glutamate transporter was studied using intracellular and patch recording techniques in Xenopus oocytes injected with human EAAT1 cRNA. Channels could be activated by application of glutamate to either face of excised membrane patches. The channel exhibited strong selectivity for amphipathic anions and had a minimum pore diameter of ∼5Å. Glutamate flux exhibited a much greater temperature dependence than Cl− flux. Stationary and nonstationary noise analysis was consistent with a sub-femtosiemen Cl− conductance and a maximum channelPo ≪ 1. The glutamate binding rate was similar to estimates for receptor binding. After glutamate binding, channels activated rapidly followed by a relaxation phase. Differences in the macroscopic kinetics of channels activated by concentration jumps of l-glutamate or d-aspartate were correlated with differences in uptake kinetics, indicating a close correspondence of channel gating to state transitions in the transporter cycle.
Gradient methods for minimizing composite objective function

In this paper we analyze several new methods for solving optimization problems with the objective function formed as a sum of two convex terms: one is smooth and given by a black-box oracle, and another is general but simple and its structure is known. Despite to the bad properties of the sum, such problems, both in convex and nonconvex cases, can be solved with eciency typical for the good part of the objective. For convex problems of the above structure, we consider primal and dual variants of the gradient method (converge as O ‡ 1 k · ), and an accelerated multistep version with convergence rate O ‡ 1 k2 · , where k is the iteration counter. For all methods, we suggest some ecient “line search” procedures and show that the additional computational work necessary for estimating the unknown problem class parameters can only multiply the complexity of each iteration by a small constant factor. We present also the results of preliminary computational experiments, which confirm the superiority of the accelerated scheme.
Global Smooth Solutions of Euler Equations for Van der Waals Gases

We prove global in time existence of solutions of the Euler compressible equations for a Van der Waals gas when the density is small enough in $\mathbf{H}^{m}$, for m large enough. To do so, we introduce a specific symmetrization allowing areas of null density. Next, we make estimates in $\mathbf{H}^{m}$, using for some terms the estimates done by Grassin [Indiana Univ. Math. J., 47 (1998), pp. 1397–1432], who proved the same theorem in the easier case of a perfect polytropic gas. We treat the remaining terms separately, due to their nonlinearity.
Interpreting the Observed Clustering of Red Galaxies at z ~ 3

Daddi et al. have recently reported strong clustering of a population of red galaxies at z ~ 3 in the Hubble Deep Field-South. Fitting the observed angular clustering with a power law of index -0.8, they infer a comoving correlation length r0 ~ 8 h-1 Mpc; for a standard cosmology, this r0 would imply that the red galaxies reside in rare, M ≥ 1013 h-1 M☉ halos, with each halo hosting ~100 galaxies to match the number density of the population. Using the framework of the halo occupation distribution (HOD) in a ΛCDM universe, we show that the Daddi et al. data can be adequately reproduced by less surprising models, e.g., models with galaxies residing in halos of mass M > Mmin = 6.3 × 1011 h-1 M☉ and a mean occupation Navg(M) = 1.4(M/Mmin)0.45 above this cutoff. The resultant correlation functions do not follow a strict power law, showing instead a clear transition from the one-halo-dominated regime, where the two galaxies of each pair reside in the same dark matter halo, to the two-halo-dominated regime, where the two galaxies of each pair are from different halos. The observed high-amplitude data points lie in the one-halo-dominated regime, so these HOD models are able to explain the observations despite having smaller correlation lengths, r0 ~ 5 h-1 Mpc. HOD parameters are only loosely constrained by the current data because of large sample variance and the lack of clustering information on scales that probe the two-halo regime. If our explanation of the data is correct, then future observations covering a larger area should show that the large-scale correlations lie below a θ-1.8 extrapolation of the small-scale points. Our models of the current data suggest that the red galaxies are somewhat more strongly clustered than UV-selected Lyman break galaxies and have a greater tendency to reside in small groups.
Postharvest Quality Monitoring and Variance Analysis of Peach and Nectarine Cold Chain with Multi-Sensors Technology

Fresh peaches and nectarines are very popular for their high nutritional and therapeutic value. Unfortunately, they are prone to rapid deterioration after harvest, especially if the cold chain is not well maintained. The objective of this work is to study the environmental fluctuation and the quality change of fresh peaches and nectarines in cold chain. The temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 level were real-time monitored by sensor nodes with a wireless sensor network (WSN). The cold chain lasted for 16.8 h and consisted of six segments. The dynamic change of temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 level were real-time monitored and analyzed in detail in each of the six stages. The fruit quality index (fruit weight, fruit firmness, and soluble solids concentration (SSC)) were detected and analyzed immediately before the first stage (S1) and at the beginning of the last stage (S6). The results show that without good temperature control fruit softening is the most significant problem, even in a short chain; the WSN node can provide complete and accurate temperature, humidity, and gas monitoring information for cold chains, and can be used to further improve quality and safety assurance for peach fruit cold chains.
A model for the study of ligand binding to the ribosomal RNA helix h44

Oligonucleotide models of ribosomal RNA domains are powerful tools to study the binding and molecular recognition of antibiotics that interfere with bacterial translation. Techniques such as selective chemical modification, fluorescence labeling and mutations are cumbersome for the whole ribosome but readily applicable to model RNAs, which are readily crystallized and often give rise to higher resolution crystal structures suitable for detailed analysis of ligand–RNA interactions. Here, we have investigated the HX RNA construct which contains two adjacent ligand binding regions of helix h44 in 16S ribosomal RNA. High-resolution crystal structure analysis confirmed that the HX RNA is a faithful structural model of the ribosomal target. Solution studies showed that HX RNA carrying a fluorescent 2-aminopurine modification provides a model system that can be used to monitor ligand binding to both the ribosomal decoding site and, through an indirect effect, the hygromycin B interaction region.
Deformations of equations and structure in nonlinear problems of mathematical physics

Veel processen in de natuur kunnen met behulp van partiele differentiaalvergelijkingen (PDVs) beschreven worden. Bijvoorbeeld wordt warmtetransport gemodelleerd met behulp van de warmtevergelijking. In haar meest eenvoudige vorm noteert met h(x,t) voor de temperatuur op een plaats x en een tijdstip t. De warmtevergelijking drukt uit, dat de mate waarin h(x,t) verandert met betrekking tot de tijd t, evenredig is met de mate waarin de verandering van h(x,t) met betrekking tot de plaats x, verandert met x. Dit voorbeeld levert een lineaire PDV, maar er bestaan veel natuurverschijnselen die zich alleen maar met niet-lineaire vergelijkingen laten beschrijven. Het was een belangrijke ontdekking dat sommige klassen van niet-lineaire PDVs effectief op te lossen zijn. De Korteweg - De Vries vergelijking (die een golf in ondiep water beschrijft) levert een veel bestudeerd voorbeeld van een exact oplosbare niet-lineaire PDV. Dit soort vergelijkingen zijn van groot belang, en ze hebben een uitzonderlijk breed toepassingsgebied (ze beschrijven bijvoorbeeld golven in een kanaal, tsunami's, het verspreiden van licht zoals beschreven in de niet-lineaire optica en nog veel meer). Belangrijke hulpmiddelen bij de studie naar eigenschappen van PDVs die natuurverschijnselen beschrijven, zijn de natuurkundige behoudswetten en symmetrieen. Deze wisselwerking tussen natuurkunde en wiskunde leidt tot een mooi en boeiend onderzoeksgebied, waaraan dit proefschrift verwacht bij te dragen. Een cruciaal hulpmiddel in dit proefschrift is het concept van gladde deformaties. Met behulp van een synthese van klassieke en nieuwe meetkundige technieken lossen we het probleem van Mathieu op, dat lange tijd een onopgelost probleem in de meetkunde van exact oplosbare PDVs is geweest.
Effects of colchicine on endocytosis and cellular inactivation of horseradish peroxidase in cultured chondrocytes

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as a marker to study the effects of microtubule-disruptive drugs on uptake and cellular inactivation of exogenous material in cultures of embryonic chick chondrocytes. HRP was ingested by fluid endocytosis, and intracellular enzyme activity subsequently diminished exponentially with time. Cytochemically, reaction product for HRP was found in vesicles often located close to the dictyosomes of the Golgi complex. Colchicine and vinblastine caused disappearance of cytoplasmic microtubules and disorganization of the Golgi complex with concomitant reduction in the cellular uptake of HRP to about half of that in the controls. Lumicolchicine, on the other hand, left cell fine structure and HRP uptake unaffected. These results indicate that microtubules are of considerable importance in the process of fluid endocytosis in cultured chondrocytes although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. The rate of intracellular inactivation of ingested HRP was not affected by colchicine or vinblastine. Double-labeling experiments with colloidal thorium dioxide and HRP likewise indicated that fusion of endocytic vesicles and lysosomes is not dependent on intact microtubules. The total specific activities of the three lysosomal enzymes examined were weakly or not at all changed by treatment of the cultures with colchicine or vinblastine. It therefore seems unlikely that microtubular organization plays an important role in the production or degradation of lysosomal enzymes in cultured chondrocytes.
Managing quality-of-control in network-based control systems by controller and message scheduling co-design

In network-based control systems (NCSs), plant sensor-controller-actuator nodes in closed-loop operation drive principal network traffic. The quality-of-control (QoC) in an NCS, i.e., the performance delivered by each closed-loop operation, depends not only on the controller design but also on the message scheduling strategy. In this paper, we show that the co-design of adaptive controllers and feedback scheduling policies allows for the optimization of the overall QoC. First, we discuss the limitations of standard discrete-time control models for controllers of control loops that are closed over communication networks. Afterwards, we describe an approach to adaptive controllers for NCS that: 1) overcomes some of the previous restrictions by online adapting the control decisions according to the dynamics of both the application and executing platform and 2) offers capabilities for dynamic management of QoC through message scheduling.
A Spitzer Space Telescope Study of SN 2002hh: An Infrared Echo from a Type IIP Supernova

We present late-time (590-994 days) mid-IR photometry of the normal but highly reddened Type IIP supernova SN 2002hh. Bright, cool, slowly fading emission is detected from the direction of the supernova. Most of this flux appears not to be driven by the supernova event but instead probably originates in a cool, obscured star formation region or molecular cloud along the line of sight. We also show, however, that the declining component of the flux is consistent with an SN-powered IR echo from a dusty progenitor CSM. Mid-IR emission could also be coming from newly condensed dust and/or an ejecta/CSM impact, but their contributions are likely to be small. For the case of a CSM-IR echo, we infer a dust mass of as little as 0.036 M☉ with a corresponding CSM mass of 3.6(0.01/rdg) M☉, where rdg is the dust-to-gas mass ratio. Such a CSM would have resulted from episodic mass loss whose rate declined significantly about 28,000 years ago. Alternatively, an IR echo from a surrounding, dense, dusty molecular cloud might also have been responsible for the fading component. Either way, this is the first time that an IR echo has been clearly identified in a Type IIP supernova. We find no evidence for or against the proposal that Type IIP supernovae produce large amounts of dust via grain condensation in the ejecta. However, within the CSM-IR echo scenario, the mass of dust derived implies that the progenitors of the most common of core-collapse supernovae may make an important contribution to the universal dust content.
Learning strategies and motivational factors predicting information literacy self-efficacy of e-learners

Rapid increase in information sources in different formats, developments in technology and need for lifelong learning have drawn increased attention to needs for information literacy. Although information literacy is significant for students of all educational levels, it has become even more significant for e-learners. Therefore, this study explores learning strategies and motivational factors predicting information literacy self-efficacy of e-learning students. This study was carried out with 119 e-learners using the Information Literacy Self-efficacy Scale and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Results indicate that metacognitive, effort management, elaboration and critical thinking strategies, as well as control belief, predict different dimensions of information literacy self-efficacy.
MORPHOKINEMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE 21 μm SOURCE IRAS 07134+1005

We report the results of a Submillimeter Array (SMA) interferometric observation of 21 μm source IRAS 07134+1005 in the CO J = 3–2 line. In order to determine the morphokinematic properties of the molecular envelope of the object, we construct a model using the Shape software to model the observed CO map. We find that the molecular gas component of the envelopes can be interpreted as a geometrically thick expanding torus with an expanding velocity of 8 km s−1. The inner and outer radii of the torus determined by fitting Shape models are 1. ″2 and 3. ″0, respectively. The inner radius is consistent with the previous values determined by radiative transfer modeling of the spectral energy distribution and mid-infrared imaging of the dust component. The radii and expansion velocity of the torus suggest that the central star left the asymptotic giant branch about 1140–1710 years ago, and that the duration of the equatorial enhanced mass loss is about 2560–3130 years. From the absence of an observed jet, we suggest that the formation of a bipolar outflow may lag behind in time from the creation of the equatorial torus.
Closed-loop adaptive voltage scaling controller for standard-cell ASICs

The paper describes a closed-loop controller for adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) where the supply voltage to a standard-cell ASIC is dynamically adjusted to the minimum value required for the desired system speed. The controller includes a clock generator that provides a low-jitter clock to the ASIC at all steady-state operating points and through transients. To speed up the voltage transient response to step changes in clock frequency, the controller is based on a multiple-tap resettable delay line. A chip including the AVS controller and a dual 16-bit MAC application has been fabricated in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/ CMOS process. The area taken by the AVS controller is 0.12 mm/sup 2/. Experimental results demonstrate operation over the application clock frequency range from 80 kHz to 20 MHz, and a 38 /spl mu/s transient response for a step change in speed from standby to maximum throughput operation.
Post-Newtonian Approximation of the Vlasov–Nordström System

ABSTRACT We study the Nordström–Vlasov system, which describes the dynamics of a self-gravitating ensemble of collisionless particles in the framework of the Nordström scalar theory of gravitation. If the speed of light c is considered as a parameter, it is known that in the Newtonian limit c → ∞ the Vlasov–Poisson system is obtained. In this paper we determine a higher approximation and establish a pointwise error estimate of order 𝒪(c −4). Such an approximation is usually called a 1.5 post-Newtonian approximation.
Maus-tratos contra idosos em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo documental

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of elder abuse in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, causes of abuse, and the profile of the victim and the aggressor. A retrospective documentary study was carried out based on police reports filed in April and May 2011 to the Department of Senior Services of Porto Alegre. Of the 224 police reports evaluated, 175 were of elder abuse or mistreatment. Psychological abuse was the most frequently identified type of abuse, followed by material/financial abuse. Most of the victims were senior females with low level of education, and the majority of aggressors were male family members. The results show high rates of elder abuse in the city of Porto Alegre.
Are there general laws in ecology

The dictionary definition of a law is: "Generalized formulation based on a series of events or processes observed to recur regularly under certain conditions; a widely observable tendency". I argue that ecology has numerous laws in this sense of the word, in the form of widespread, repeatable patterns in nature, but hardly any laws that are universally true. Typically, in other words, ecological patterns and the laws, rules and mechanisms that underpin them are contingent on the organisms involved, and their environment. This contingency is manageable at a relatively simple level of ecological organisation (for example the population dynamics of single and small numbers of species), and re-emerges also in a manageable form in large sets of species, over large spatial scales, or over long time periods, in the form of detail-free statistical patterns - recently called 'macroecology'. The contingency becomes overwhelmingly complicated at intermediate scales, characteristic of community ecology, where there are a large number of case histories, and very little other than weak, fuzzy generalisations. These arguments are illustrated by focusing on examples of typical studies in community ecology, and by way of contrast, on the macroecological relationship that emerges between local species richness and the size of the regional pool of species. The emergent pattern illustrated by local vs regional richness plots is extremely simple, despite the vast number of contingent processes and interactions involved in its generation. To discover general patterns, laws and rules in nature, ecology may need to pay less attention to the 'middle ground' of community ecology, relying less on reductionism and experimental manipulation, but increasing research efforts into macroecology.
SIGLEC-G deficiency increases susceptibility to develop B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders

The sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin SIGLEC-G is a negative regulator of B-cell receptor-mediated calcium signaling. Its deficiency leads to reduced turnover and increased proliferation and survival of murine B-1a cells. Siglecg−/− mice show a premature expansion of polyclonal CD5+ B cells in the spleen and the peritoneal cavity. Here we studied the fate of B lymphocytes in Siglecg−/− mice over time. We demonstrate that in aging animals SIGLEC-G deficiency promotes progressive accumulation of monoclonal B lymphocytes and increases the susceptibility to develop B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Lymphoid tumors arising in aged Siglecg−/− mice are monoclonal and histologically heterogeneous as they include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and medium-to-large B-cell monomorphic lymphoma but surprisingly not chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The tumors express high levels of BCL-2 and are transplantable. In keeping with these findings we have also observed a remarkable down-regulation of the human ortholog SIGLEC10 in human B-cell lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. Taken together, these observations indicate that the down-regulation of negative B-cell receptor regulators such as SIGLEC-G/SIGLEC10 may represent another mechanism relevant to the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas.
Compensatory cis-trans Evolution and the Dysregulation of Gene Expression in Interspecific Hybrids of Drosophila

Hybrids between species are often characterized by novel gene-expression patterns. A recent study on allele-specific gene expression in hybrids between species of Drosophila revealed cases in which cis- and trans-regulatory elements within species had coevolved in such a way that changes in cis-regulatory elements are compensated by changes in trans-regulatory elements. We hypothesized that such coevolution should often lead to gene misexpression in the hybrid. To test this hypothesis, we estimated allele-specific expression and overall expression levels for 31 genes in D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and their F1 hybrid. We found that 13 genes with cis-trans compensatory evolution are in fact misexpressed in the hybrid. These represent candidate genes whose dysregulation might be the consequence of coevolution of cis- and trans-regulatory elements within species. Using a mathematical model for the regulation of gene expression, we explored the conditions under which cis-trans compensatory evolution can lead to misexpression in interspecific hybrids.
Self-Consistent Effective Equations Modeling Blood Flow in Medium-to-Large Compliant Arteries

We study the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid through a long tube with compliant walls. The flow is governed by a given time-dependent pressure head difference. The Navier--Stokes equations for an incompressible viscous fluid are used to model the flow, and the Navier equations for a curved, linearly elastic membrane are used to model the wall. Employing the asymptotic techniques typically used in thin domains, we derive a set of effective equations that hold in medium-to-large compliant vessels for laminar flow regimes. The main novelty is the derivation of the effective equations that do not assume any ad hoc closure, typically assumed in the derivation of one-dimensional models. Using ideas from homogenization theory for porous media flows, we obtain a closed system of effective equations that are of Biot type with memory. Memory accounts for the wave-like phenomena in the problem. Although the equations are two-dimensional, their simple structure enables a design of a numerical algorithm that h.
Differential Gene and MicroRNA Expression between Etoposide Resistant and Etoposide Sensitive MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

In order to develop targeted strategies for combating drug resistance it is essential to understand it’s basic molecular mechanisms. In an exploratory study we have found several possible indicators of etoposide resistance operating in MCF7VP cells, including up-regulation of ABC transporter genes, modulation of miRNA, and alteration in copy numbers of genes.