Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Objectifying Fitness: A Content and Thematic Analysis of #Fitspiration Images on Social Media

Research suggests that exposure to #fitspiration content can result in increased body dissatisfaction. Employing a data-driven approach, the present study examines the nature of images and text contained within #fitspiration posts on social media. First, a content analysis of images labelled as #fitspiration on popular site Instagram ( N = 1,000) was performed. People featured in 52% of images, of which nearly 90% of individuals were coded as having low body fat and 55% were coded as muscular. Individuals were typically presented in sexually objectified ways, which varied as a function of gender. Second, a thematic analysis of text from the same set of images ( N = 400) was conducted to identify common themes and underlying meaning embedded within the messages. Six themes were developed: (1) Fit is sexy, (2) A fit physique requires commitment and self-regulation, (3) Your choices define you, (4) Pleasure and perseverance through pain, (5) Battle of the selves: You vs. You, and (6) Here’s to Us! A celebration of a community. In combination, the analyses demonstrate how text and images found in #fitspiration posts perpetuate pervading sociocultural appearance ideals for men and women, positioning exercise as means to achieving these ideals. Furthermore, #fitspiration sexually objectifies the fit body, with text and images encouraging self-objectification and the distancing of the self from internal bodily functions in physical activity settings. Future research should focus on how #fitspiration content influences individuals in relation to how they think and feel about their body and physical activity.
Swell Foundations: Fundamental Social Causes and Chronic Inflammation

We assess prior research identifying potential causal links between social disadvantage and chronic inflammation, using Fundamental Social Causes (see Link and Phelan 1995) and gender theory. We use ordinary least-squares regression to investigate how social structure and relationship factors predict C-reactive protein serolevels among participants in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (Waite et al. 2007). Gender predicts chronic inflammation status more strongly and reliably than any other social factor; female participants show significantly higher CRP levels. Other reliable predictors include race, education, and marriage. Black race predicts significantly higher CRP; college education and marriage predict significantly lower CRP. Income predicts CRP inconsistently. Social support and communication variables do not significantly predict CRP in our models. Gender inequalities and pressures may place women at heightened risk for chronic inflammation. Political advocacy and policy action approaches may thus prove more effective than medical interventions for inflammation prevention.
Lipids and Risk Assessment

Because a standard lipid panel can misrepresent lipoprotein abnormalities that contribute to atherosclerosis, more detailed laboratory analysis should be considered in a patient whose level of risk is unclear. This is especially important for patients who have a family history of premature coronary heart disease of uncertain etiology. Such testing is analogous to performing a more advanced imaging procedure when a plain x-ray lacks the sensitivity to define an anatomic derangement. In selected situations, measuring apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein subfractions, or homocysteine can markedly clarify cardiovascular risk. This review describes seven men, themselves cardiologists, who had misinterpreted their own risk based on conventional lipid tests. With further evaluation, one of these men was reassured that he had lower risk than he had feared. Six of the men had greater risk than previously recognized.
The neurobiology and evolutionary foundation of the perception of beauty

The neurobiology and evolutionary foundations of the perception of beauty Beauty in human beings can be defined as physical attractiveness to the opposite sex. Although the perception of attractiveness varies between cultures and individuals to a certain extent, it is established that most of the criteria for attractiveness are common among many cultures. According to evolutionary psychologists, facial and body-related features that people find attractive reflect the adaptations determined by sexual selection, which is one of the driving forces of evolution. These adaptations evolved to explore the mate value and reproductive success of a potential partner. Being attractive provides many social advantages to a person, and it is known that people make some positive attributions about other characteristics of such a person as well. Among humans, features such as facial beauty, youth, body shape, behaviors, voice tone, and ornamentation are important factors in the evaluation of attractiveness of the
ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Activation Induces Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo

Intense research is conducted to identify new molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that the angiogenic effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) depend on the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) and that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which can act through KATP, promotes endothelial cell growth. We therefore investigated whether direct KATP activation induces angiogenic responses and whether it is required for the endothelial responses to CNP or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis was similarly enhanced by the direct KATP channel activator 2-nicotinamidoethyl acetate (SG-209) and by CNP or VEGF. The KATP inhibitors glibenclamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) reduced basal and abolished CNP-induced CAM angiogenesis. In vitro, the direct KATP openers nicorandil and SG-209 and the polypeptides VEGF and CNP increased proliferation and migration in bEnd.3 mouse endothelial cells. In addition, VEGF and CNP induced cord-like formation on Matrigel by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). All these in vitro endothelial responses were effectively abrogated by glibenclamide or 5-HD. In HUVECs, a small-interfering RNA–mediated decrease in the expression of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) 6.1 subunit impaired cell migration and network morphogenesis in response to either SG-209 or CNP. We conclude that 1) direct pharmacologic activation of KATP induces angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo, 2) angiogenic responses to CNP and VEGF depend on KATP activation and require the expression of the Kir6.1 KATP subunit, and 3) KATP activation may underpin angiogenesis to a variety of vasoactive stimuli, including H2S, VEGF, and CNP.
On the consistency of Fr\'echet means in deformable models for curve and image analysis

A new class of statistical deformable models is introduced to study high-dimensional curves or images. In addition to the standard measurement error term, these deformable models include an extra error term modeling the individual variations in intensity around a mean pattern. It is shown that an appropriate tool for statistical inference in such models is the notion of sample Fr\'echet means, which leads to estimators of the deformation parameters and the mean pattern. The main contribution of this paper is to study how the behavior of these estimators depends on the number n of design points and the number J of observed curves (or images). Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the finite sample performances of the procedure.
GSB WORKING PAPER NO . 75 Ownership Structures , Governance and Corporate Performance : Theories and Issues by

Information in this publication is correct at the time of printing and valid for 2005, but may be subject to change. In particular, the University reserves the right to change the content and/or method of assessment, to change or alter tuition fees of any unit of study, to withdraw any unit of study or program which it offers, to impose limitations on enrolments in any unit or program, and/or to vary arrangements for any program.
AHR and the Transcriptional Regulation of Type-17/22 ILC

Mucosal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging population of diverse and heterogeneous immune cells, all with the unique ability to mount a rapid response against invading pathogens. They are further divided into subsets based on their differing cell surface markers as well as in their functional specialization. In this review, we summarize recent reports describing the importance of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in regulating the development of one of these subsets, the Type-17/22 ILCs, as well as in the organization of postnatal lymphoid structures. We discuss the mechanisms behind the AHR dependence for development in Type-17/22 ILCs as well as reviewing the proposed physiological ligands that are mediating this effect.
Establishment of Murine Cytomegalovirus Latency In Vivo Is Associated with Changes in Histone Modifications and Recruitment of Transcriptional Repressors to the Major Immediate-Early Promoter

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus with the ability to establish a lifelong latent infection. The mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. Regulation of, for example, immediate-early (IE) gene expression is thought to be a critical control point in transcriptional control of the switch between latency and reactivation. Here, we present evidence that supports previous studies showing that the majority of genomes are quiescent with respect to gene expression. To study the possible role of epigenetic factors that may be involved in repression of ie gene expression in latency, we have analyzed changes in the patterns of modifications of histones bound to the major IE promoter (MIEP) in the kidneys of acutely and latently infected mice. Our studies show that, like herpes simplex virus, murine CMV genomes become relatively enriched in histones in latent infection. There are dramatic changes in modifications of histones associated with the MIEP when latency is established: H3 and H4 become hypoacetylated and H3 is hypomethylated at lysine 4, while H3 lysine 9 is hypermethylated in latently infected mice. These changes are accompanied by a relative loss of RNA polymerase and gain of heterochromatin protein 1γ and Yin-Yang 1 bound to the MIEP. Our studies suggest that, in the majority of cells, CMV establishes a true latent infection, defined as the lack of expression of genes associated with productive infection, and that this occurs through changes in histone modifications and recruitment of transcriptional silencing factors to the MIEP.
Does using e-portfolios for reflective writing enhance high school students’ self-regulated learning?

The study aims to examine whether reflective writing using e-portfolios enhances high school students’ self-regulated learning. Participants included two classes of eighth-graders majoring in Information Processing and taking a course called ‘Website Design’ at a vocational high school in Taiwan. There were 41 students, with 18 males and 23 females. The experiment lasted 10 weeks, and students used e-portfolios to reflect on their learning. The results showed that students after using e-portfolios to reflect on their learning had significantly better self-regulated learning than before. This indicates that using e-portfolios for reflection enhanced self-regulated learning. It also shows that high-reflection students had significantly better self-regulated learning than moderate-reflection and low-reflection students, which implies that reflective performance had a significantly positive effect on self-regulated learning.
Genetic data suggest a natural prehuman origin of open habitats in northern Madagascar and question the deforestation narrative in this region

The impact of climate change and anthropogenic deforestation on biodiversity is of growing concern worldwide. Disentangling how past anthropogenic and natural factors contributed to current biome distribution is thus a crucial issue to understand their complex interactions on wider time scales and to improve predictions and conservation strategies. This is particularly important in biodiversity hotspots, such as Madagascar, dominated by large open habitats whose origins are increasingly debated. Although a dominant narrative argues that Madagascar was originally entirely covered by woodlands, which were destroyed by humans, a number of recent studies have suggested that past climatic fluctuations played a major role in shaping current biome distributions well before humans arrived. Here, we address the question of the origin of open habitats in the Daraina region in northern Madagascar, using a multiproxy approach combining population genetics modeling and remote-sensing analyses. We show that (i) contrary to most regions of Madagascar, the forest cover in Daraina remained remarkably stable over the past 60 y, and (ii) the golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli), a forest-dwelling lemur, underwent a strong population contraction before the arrival of the first humans, hence excluding an anthropogenic cause. Prehuman Holocene droughts may have led to a significant increase of grasslands and a reduction in the species’ habitat. This contradicts the prevailing narrative that land cover changes are necessarily anthropogenic in Madagascar but does not preclude the later role played by humans in other regions in which recent lemur bottlenecks have been observed.
A ug 2 01 8 STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS UNDER HETEROSCEDASTICITY OF UNKNOWN FORM By

This paper provides an entire inference procedure for the autoregressive model under (conditional) heteroscedasticity of unknown form with a finite variance. We first establish the asymptotic normality of the weighted least absolute deviations estimator (LADE) for the model. Second, we develop the random weighting (RW) method to estimate its asymptotic covariance matrix, leading to the implementation of the Wald test. Third, we construct a portmanteau test for model checking, and use the RW method to obtain its critical values. As a special weighted LADE, the feasible adaptive LADE (ALADE) is proposed and proved to have the same efficiency as its infeasible counterpart. The importance of our entire methodology based on the feasible ALADE is illustrated by simulation results and the real data analysis on three U.S. economic data sets.
Diverse beliefs and time variability of risk premia

Why do risk premia vary over time? We examine this problem theoretically and empirically by studying the effect of market belief on risk premia. Individual belief is taken as a fundamental primitive state variable. Market belief is observable; it is central to the empirical evaluation and we show how to measure it. Our asset pricing model is familiar from the noisy REE literature but we adapt it to an economy with diverse beliefs. We derive equilibrium asset prices and implied risk premium. Our approach permits a closed form solution of prices; hence we trace the exact effect of market belief on the time variability of asset prices and risk premia. We test empirically the theoretical conclusions. Our main result is that, above the effect of business cycles on risk premia, fluctuations in market belief have significant independent effect on the time variability of risk premia. We study the premia on long positions in Federal Funds Futures, 3- and 6-month Treasury Bills (T-Bills). The annual mean risk premium on holding such assets for 1–12 months is about 40–60 basis points and we find that, on average, the component of market belief in the risk premium exceeds 50% of the mean. Since time variability of market belief is large, this component frequently exceeds 50% of the mean premium. This component is larger the shorter is the holding period of an asset and it dominates the premium for very short holding returns of less than 2 months. As to the structure of the premium we show that when the market holds abnormally favorable belief about the future payoff of an asset the market views the long position as less risky hence the risk premium on that asset declines. More generally, periods of market optimism (i.e. “bull” markets) are shown to be periods when the market risk premium is low while in periods of pessimism (i.e. “bear” markets) the market’s risk premium is high. Fluctuations in risk premia are thus inversely related to the degree of market optimism about future prospects of asset payoffs. This effect is strong and economically very significant.
Financial Constraints and the International Zero-Leverage Phenomenon

Based on a sample of G7 firms, this study documents that extreme debt conservatism is an international phenomenon and has increased over time. While only 5% of our sample firms pursued a zero-leverage policy in 1988, this fraction increased to roughly 15% by 2008. Changing propensities to follow a zero-leverage policy together with the impact of new listings can explain a large proportion of the increasing number of zero-leverage firms. Countries with a capital-market-oriented financial system, a common law origin, high creditor protection, and a classical tax system exhibit the highest percentage of zero-leverage firms. Looking at the firmlevel, the characteristics of zero-leverage firms are hard to reconcile with the standard capital structure theories. However, sorting zero-leverage firms into financially constrained and unconstrained firms, we show that only a small number of very profitable firms with high payout ratios deliberately pursue a zero-leverage policy. In contrast, most zero-leverage firms are constrained by debt capacity. They tend to be smaller, riskier, and less profitable, and they are the most active equity issuers. Constrained zero-leverage firms accumulate more cash than all other firms in our sample, presumably to avoid being unable to exploit their growth opportunities.
Improved Addressing in the Differentiable Neural Computer

The Differentiable Neural Computer (DNC) can learn algorithmic and question answering tasks. It also excels in learning relational data. An analysis reveals three problems: (1) The lack of key-value separation makes the DNC unable to ignore memory content which is not present in the key and needs to be retrieved from memory. (2) DNC’s de-allocation of memory results in aliasing. (3) Chaining memory reads with the temporal linkage matrix exponentially degrades the quality of the address distribution. Our proposed solutions perform better on arithmetic tasks and on the bAbI question answering dataset, where the relative improvement is 43% .
Ten Item Personality Inventory: A Validation Study on a Croatian Adult Sample

Considering the fact that the use of short measurement instruments is much more practical and cheaper, it is of utmost importance to create and validate them. Besides, within the limited time, researchers may need to apply a very brief measure. One of them is the very brief measure of the Big-Five personality dimensions, called Ten Item Personality Inventory. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity and reliability of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) applied on a Croatian adult sample. After the translation of the original TIPI, it was applied on a sample of 432 adults who voluntarily participated in the research. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with Principal Axis Factoring and Oblimin rotation were run with the reliability level analysis. The exploratory FA demonstrated the four-factor solution, which has explained 66.54% of the total variance. The confirmatory FA showed that the five-factor-solution explained 74.38% of the total variance. However, the determined factor structure was not clear and the proposed theoretical model of the Big Five was only partially confirmed. Cronbach alpha coefficient was α=. 66. Since the major loadings in the first factor were mainly situated on positively oriented items, this research confirmed prior findings about negatively oriented items as strong obstacles in the analysed factor structures. Therefore, the main conclusion of this research is to adapt TIPI in the way to create all ten items as positively oriented. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Peirce muscle-specific responses to disuse-induced atrophy Agent-based computational model investigates

agent-based modeling Integrating physiology across scales and formalizing hypothesis exploration with including high resolution figures, can be found at: Updated information and services those papers emphasizing adaptive and integrative mechanisms. It is published 12 times a year (monthly) by the American publishes original papers that deal with diverse areas of research in applied physiology, especially
New Block Recombination for Subquadratic Space Complexity Polynomial Multiplication Based on Overlap-Free Approach

In this paper, we present new parallel polynomial multiplication formulas which result in subquadratic space complexity. The schemes are based on a recently proposed block recombination of polynomial multiplication formula. The proposed two-way, three-way, and four-way split polynomial multiplication formulas achieve the smallest space complexities. Moreover, by providing area-time tradeoff method, the proposed formulas enable one to choose a parallel formula for polynomial multiplication which is suited for a design environment.
A high frequency analysis of the information content of trading

We propose a state space modelling approach for decomposing high frequency trading volume into liquidity-driven and information-driven components. Using a set of high frequency S&P 500 stocks data, we show that informed trading increases pricing efficiency by reducing volatility, illiquidity and toxicity/adverse selection during periods of non-aggressive trading. We observe that our estimated informed trading component of volume is a statistically significant predictor for one-second stock returns; however, it is not a significant predictor for one-minute stock returns. We show that this disparity is explained by high frequency trading activity, which eliminates pricing inefficiencies at high frequencies. JEL Classification: G12; G14; G15
Anomalous parietal sutures and the bipartite parietal bone.

1. The literature on anomalous parietal sutures and embryogenesis of the parietal bone is reviewed.2. New embryogenic studies are presented which indicate that the normal parietal bone usually ossifies from a single center which appears during 8-12 weeks of gestation. For reasons not presently understood, the parietal bone sometimes (rarely) ossifies from 2 separate centers which fail to unite. These centers remain separated by an anomalous suture.3. The anomalous parietal bone is usually larger than the normal side with the increased bone growth occurring perpendicular to the suture line.4. The phylogenetic background of parietal sutures is discussed. Noteworthy is the increased incidence of such sutures in subhuman primates and the tendency of these sutures to be vertically oriented in these animals compared with the horizontal orientation in man.5. The differential diagnosis of the anomalous suture from fractures and membranous unossified strips is discussed.