Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between alcohol use and peer pressure susceptibility, peer popularity and general conformity in Northern Irish school children

This cross-sectional study investigated the bivariate and more fully controlled (with socio-demographic measures) relationship between self-reported drinking behaviour and peer pressure susceptibility, desire for peer popularity and general conformity in a sample of 11–16-year-old school children in Northern Ireland. Self-reported drinking behaviour was assessed using a composite measure of drinking behaviour, the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (Mayer, J., & Filstead, W.J. (1979). The adolescent alcohol involvement scale. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 40, 291–300). Post-primary (High) schools in the Greater Belfast Area were targeted and 629 participants were recruited of whom 610 (97%) successfully completed a set of questionnaires. Bivariate and more fully controlled regression analyses revealed that problematic alcohol use was predicted by higher peer pressure susceptibility, lower desire for popularity and lower general conformity. More problematic drinking was also predicted by being in Middle versus Junior school, and by being female. Despite the suggestion that alcohol use among adolescents is normative behaviour, these results suggest that increasing levels of drinking, assessed by a composite measure are associated with the social risk factors assessed, namely greater susceptibility to peer pressure, less conformity and lower levels of desire for peer popularity.
Socio-economic and policy dimensions of the mixed embeddedness of ethnic minority business in Britain

Ethnic minority businesses in Britain are examined in relation to the concept of mixed embeddedness. Earlier intellectual approaches emphasising cultural factors, urban and economic contexts, and public policy are identified. Ethnic minority businesses are shown to be typically small, to compete in saturated spatial markets and to be concentrated in economically vulnerable sectors. Moreover their fragile position has been further destabilised by the effects of government policy. Special attention is given to the repeal of the Shops Act, which limited the opening hours of shops. We conclude that an unintended outcome was the entry of large-scale chains into the formerly protected niches of South Asian-owned businesses. This represents a catastrophic occurrence for some ethnic minority firms. Meanwhile, public policy related to enterprise support and the regeneration of the urban fabric has been largely ineffective in the arena of ethnic minority business. The whole picture is complicated by generational differences in minority communities and by continuing restrictions on immigration.
Maximizing What Students Get Out of College: Testing a Learning Productivity Model

This study tests a learning productivity model for undergraduates at four-year colleges and universities using hierarchical linear modeling. Data were from 44,238 full-time enrolled undergraduates from 120 four-year colleges and universities who completed the College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ) between 1990 and 1997. Perceptions of the campus environment influenced student learning productivity by affecting institution-level student effort, learning efficiency, and student gains. Student affairs professionals and other educators can promote higher levels of student learning by helping to create environments that enhance learning efficiency and engage students in educationally purposeful activities.
Change in Attachment and Reflective Function in Borderline Patients with and without Comorbid Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Transference Focused Psychotherapy

Abstract Research has consistently found high rates of comorbidity between narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients with this complex clinical presentation often present formidable challenges for clinicians, such as intense devaluation, entitlement, and exploitation. However, there is a significant gap in the literature in identifying the clinical characteristics of these NPD/BPD patients. In this article, we present recent research describing patients with comorbid NPD/BPD, as compared with patients with BPD without NPD (BPD), from two randomized clinical trials for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, with a particular emphasis on attachment status and mentalization. We anchor our discussion of these patients in object relations and attachment theory, and we describe our treatment approach, transference focused psychotherapy (TFP). We conclude by using case material to illustrate our research findings, highlighting the significant differences between patients with NPD/BPD and BPD/non-NPD in terms of their attachment classification.
Comparative effects of personal and situational influences on job outcomes of new professionals.

We investigated the relative and combined effects of personal and situational variables on job outcomes of new professionals. The personal variables were cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and career goals; the situational variables were job feedback, autonomy, and job context. Data were collected at two times from 280 newly hired, entry-level accountants at "Big Eight" firms. Both personal and situational variables predict job outcomes, but their relative influence depends on the outcome measure. Situational variables account for the most variance in job performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment; personal variables account for the most variance in promotability, internal work motivation, and turnover. The findings indicate that job performance does not take care of itself by selecting bright people, but requires constant vigilance and effective systems. The results also suggest that a given result can be achieved through a variety of behavioral science
Assessment of Child and Adolescent Migrants to Australia: A Crosscultural Comparison

This study examines whether young migrants, differentiated by cultural background, (a) vary in their experience of cultural adjustment, emotional distress, levels of self-esteem, and coping ability, and (b) how they compare with Australian students on measures of self-esteem and coping ability. One hundred and seventy-three students differentiated by cultural origin (former-Yugoslavian, Chinese, Mixed-culture, and Australian) and school level (primary and high school) were recruited at random from public schools in South East Queensland. Students completed measures of cultural adjustment (Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire), anxiety and trauma (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Trauma Symptom Checklist), selfesteem (Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and coping ability (Coping Scale for Children and Adolescents). The main findings from this study indicate that culturally diverse groups residing in Australia vary in their experience of cultural adaptation, level of self-esteem, and symptoms of emotional distress, illustrating culture-specific strengths and weaknesses among young non-English speaking (NESB) students. This study reveals information on how culturally diverse migrants acculturate, the type and severity of symptoms they experience, and their capacity to cope in stressful situations. The need for culture-specific early intervention and prevention programs is discussed.
Examining the Measurement Quality of Tests Containing Differentially Functioning Items: Do Biased Items Result in Poor Measurement?

This study investigated effects of retaining test items manifesting differential item functioning (DIF) on aspects of the measurement quality and validity of that test’s scores. DIF was evaluated using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure, which allows one to detect items that function differently in two groups of examinees at constant levels of the trait. Multiple composites of DIF-and non-DIF-containing items were created to examine the impact of DIF on the measurement, validity, and predictive relations involving those composites. Criteria used were the American College Testing composite, the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) verbal (SATV), quantitative (SATQ), composite (SATC), and grade point average rank percentile. Results indicate measurement quality of tests is not seriously degraded when items manifesting DIF are retained, even when number of items in the compared composites has been controlled. Implications of results are discussed within the framework of multiple determinants of item responses.
Multimorbidity Patterns in HIV-Infected Patients: The Role of Obesity in Chronic Disease Clustering

Background:Increases in multimorbidity and obesity have been noted in HIV-infected populations in the current treatment era. Patterns of multimorbid disease clustering and the impact of obesity on multimorbidity are understudied in this population. Methods:We examined obesity and multimorbidity patterns among 1844 HIV-infected patients in the UAB 1917 Clinic. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factor structure responsible for clustering. Patterns among the resulting morbidity factors by body mass index (BMI) category were explored. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to identify predictors of multimorbidity cluster patterns. Results:The prevalence of multimorbidity was 65% (1205/1844). Prevalence increased with progressive BMI categories from underweight (64%) to obese (79%). Three multimorbidity clusters were identified: “metabolic,” including hypertension, gout, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (range, 0.41–0.84; P < 0.001); “Behavioral,” including mood disorders, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic ulcer disease, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, and cardiac disorders (range, 0.32–0.57; P < 0.001); “Substance Use,” including alcohol abuse, substance abuse, tobacco abuse, and hepatitis C (range, 0.53–0.89; P < 0.001). Obesity was associated with increased odds of multimorbidity (obese vs. normal BMI category: OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.00). Conclusions:Three patterns of disease clustering were identified. Obesity was associated with a higher likelihood of multimorbidity. The management of multimorbidity and obesity will need to be addressed in future clinical practice guidelines to enhance long-term outcomes of HIV-infected patients in the current treatment era.
Gender and Genius: Towards a Feminist Aesthetics By Christine Battersby The Women's Press, 1989, viii + 161 pp., £12.95

his ideas will be largely a matter of comparing speculations or meditations. A couple of points may be worth making. First, Nerlich, in stressing that mastery of a language, of speaking, involves a person exemplifying common norms of reason and deploying common standards of criticism of claims and performances, is broaching claims which connect with, for example, the work of Apel and others on the location of morality in relation to human communication and shared inquiry. It would have been good to see what Nerlich had to say about this attempt to make a more direct connection than he does between human language and interchange and moral norms. The ideas he broaches in Chapter 3 ('On the State of Being a Person') would, I feel, bear further development in this direction. Secondly, I am a little puzzled by some of the things Nerlich says in Chapter 5 ('The Dialectic of Desire and Value') when discussing sexuality, particularly in Section 5 of the Chapter. Nerlich contends that speech-sustained personal relations permit, very readily, evasion, deception, concealment. In sexual relations, he goes on, we are present to each other as completely bodily agents, and although this presence may also still admit evasion and deception, it allows, he says, 'unrivalled scope for objective self-discovery'. It is not clear why Nerlich claims this. He appears to stress that it is principally in sexual relations that we come to know ourselves as bodies, and that that is not something that we can or should deny we are. But it is not clear that we have any more reason to find it hard to acknowledge that we are 'animal bodies' than to acknowledge that we are 'other things' as well (see p. 127). I do not see that sexual encounter has any specially significant role on the road to self-knowledge, given Nerlich's account. Flight from feeling and care is just as pervasive as flight from the body. I found his 'speculations' on this topic not wholly convincing.
Regressing Team Performance on Collective Efficacy: Considerations of Temporal Proximity and Concordance

The purpose of this study was to determine to what degree collective efficacy judgments based on summative team performance capabilities exhibited different levels of prediction for three additive intervals of team performance in women's ice hockey. Collective efficacy beliefs of 12 teams were assessed prior to Friday's game and Saturday's game for at least 7 weekends. Questionnaires were completed within 24 hr before each game. Performance indicators were obtained from www.collegehockeystats. com. Data were split into two clusters, Study 1 and Study 2, and were subjected to multilevel modeling. Collective efficacy based on summative team performance capabilities was a statistically significant predictor of team performance at each of the three additive team performance intervals in both Study 1 and Study 2. The magnitude of this relationship did not change significantly as the temporal proximity between the efficacy and performance measures decreased, or, as the concordance (to be defined in the Introduction section) of the two measures increased.
KRONECKER-FACTORED CURVATURE APPROXIMA-

Kronecker-factor Approximate Curvature (Martens & Grosse, 2015) (K-FAC) is a 2nd-order optimization method which has been shown to give state-of-the-art performance on large-scale neural network optimization tasks (Ba et al., 2017). It is based on an approximation to the Fisher information matrix (FIM) that makes assumptions about the particular structure of the network and the way it is parameterized. The original K-FAC method was applicable only to fully-connected networks, although it has been recently extended by Grosse & Martens (2016) to handle convolutional networks as well. In this work we extend the method to handle RNNs by introducing a novel approximation to the FIM for RNNs. This approximation works by modelling the statistical structure between the gradient contributions at different time-steps using a chain-structured linear Gaussian graphical model, summing the various cross-moments, and computing the inverse in closed form. We demonstrate in experiments that our method significantly outperforms general purpose state-of-the-art optimizers like SGD with momentum and Adam on several challenging RNN training tasks.
The Impact of Malpractice Risk on the Use of Obstetrics Procedures

Recent malpractice premium hikes and federal tort reform proposals have focused attention on medical liability costs. One frequent justification for tort reform proposals is the potential impact of liability on defensive medicine. There is, however, scant and conflicting evidence on whether malpractice risk alters physician practices. In this paper, I examine whether malpractice risk alters the procedure choices of obstetricians, who face one of the highest rates of malpractice lawsuits among medical specialties. By focusing on obstetricians, I can observe the impact of malpractice risk on the use of procedures such as cesarean sections, prenatal care visits, diagnostic tests, and so on. Because the measured malpractice risk may signal something unobserved about physician quality or practice style, I use malpractice claims against doctors with specialties other than obstetrics and gynecology (ob‐gyn) as an instrument for ob‐gyn claims. I find that cesarean section rates and most other measures of physician behavior are not sensitive to medical malpractice risk.
Pushing the limits of glucose kinetics: how rainbow trout cope with a carbohydrate overload

ABSTRACT Rainbow trout are generally considered to be poor glucoregulators. To evaluate this, exogenous glucose was administered to chronically hyperglycemic fish at twice the endogenous rate of hepatic production, and their ability to modulate glucose fluxes was tested. Our goals were to determine: (1) whether hyperglycemic fish maintain higher glucose fluxes than normal; (2) whether they can lower hepatic production (Ra glucose) or stimulate disposal (Rd glucose) to cope with a carbohydrate overload; and (3) an estimate of the relative importance of glucose as an oxidative fuel. Results show that hyperglycemic trout sustain elevated baseline Ra and Rd glucose of 10.6±0.1 µmol kg−1 min−1 (or 30% above normal). If 50% of Rd glucose was oxidized as in mammals, glucose could account for 36 to 100% of metabolic rate when exogenous glucose is supplied. In response to exogenous glucose, rainbow trout can completely suppress hepatic glucose production and increase disposal 2.6-fold, even with chronically elevated baseline fluxes. Such large changes in fluxes limit the increase in blood glucose to 2.5-fold and are probably mediated by the effects of insulin on glucose transporters 2 and 4 and on key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Without this strong and rapid modulation of glucose kinetics, glycemia would rise four times faster to reach dangerous levels, exceeding 100 mmol l−1. Such responses are typical of mammals, but rather unexpected for an ectotherm. The impressive plasticity of glucose kinetics demonstrated here suggests that trout have a much better glucoregulatory capacity than is usually portrayed in the literature. Summary: Like mammals, rainbow trout have the impressive capacity to suppress hepatic glucose production completely and to stimulate disposal strongly when coping with a large glucose load.
Yeasts Biodiversity and Its Significance: Case Studies in Natural and Human-Related Environments, Ex Situ Preservation, Applications and Challenges

Yeasts are a group of microorganisms that belongs to the Fungal Kingdom. These unicellular fungi are distributed between the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota Phyla, being a paraphyletic group. Since 1865, its study has experienced a very important advance in terms of its understanding, characterization and taxonomic accommodation. Nevertheless, it is estimated that about 99% of the potential biodiversity of this group of eukaryotic microorganisms is still unknown. That is why there is a need for increasing efforts to study yeast biodiversity, especially in mega diverse countries from the tropical regions of the planet. To date, the majority of yeast species catalogued have been discovered in countries from the Northern hemisphere. Relatively few studies dedicated to yeast biodiversity have been done in tropical zones of the planet and in Southern hemisphere countries that embrace abundant and diverse ecosystems. A number of case studies of these approaches to yeast biodiversity are presented in this chapter, including the discovery and subsequent description of novel yeast species recently isolated in Ecuador, Brazil and Argentina. The chapter will also deal with the biodiversity of yeasts found in industry-influenced environments in Spain. Moreover, ex situ preservation of yeast isolates for further characterization by physiological, morphological and molecular techniques is a fundamental issue in terms of the
Progressive pure anomia: Insufficient activation of phonology by meaning

We report a patient, FM, with progressive fluent aphasia due to selective atrophy of left temporal cortex. The most prominent feature of her neuropsychological profile is a progressive and profound anomia, without the appearance of phonological errors in spontaneous speech or on naming tests. Although FM was originally characterized as a case of early semantic dementia, assessments over three years have revealed only mildly impaired, and stable, performance on a range of tests of semantic knowledge. In terms of cognitive models of speech production, we attribute her profound anomia to reduced communication between the semantic system and the phonological output lexicon. This conclusion is supported by the results of gating experiments in which, when asked to recognize and produce spoken words (concrete nouns) from incremental 50 ms fragments, FM showed minimal additional benefit from simultaneous presentation of the target picture. In addition we demonstrated a rapid loss of phonological information in the face of retained semantic knowledge of the target in immediate and delayed word repetition and wordpicture matching tasks. The syndrome of progressive fluent aphasia is heterogeneous; some patients show disruption at the level of the semantic system (i.e. semantic dementia), whilst others, like FM, have their principal impairment at a post-semantic stage of speech production.
Moving in Social Circles – Social Circle Membership and Performance Implications

We investigate social circles in intra-firm settings. First, we argue that social circles are inhabited by individuals whose attitudes display fit with the objectives of the social circle rather than more self-centered instrumentalism or calculation. For a test of this hypothesis, we distinguish between friendship circles and strategy-influence circles. We find that friendship circle membership is positively associated with attitudes that display empathic concern but negatively with more instrumental attitudes, whereas strategy-influence circle membership is positively associated with attitudes that display long-term ambition but negatively with attitudes that display short-term calculation. Second, we argue and find that membership of social circles affects individual performance (social circles foster the exchange of information, for which we find clear evidence), albeit not necessarily in a linear fashion. Our new insights into social circle membership and performance implications can guide individuals in seeking access to such social circles and can aid management in understanding and perhaps influencing intra-firm knowledge flows.
Weighing in on YouTube: Two women's experiences of Weight Loss Surgery

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii Chapter one: WEIGHING IN . 1 The context . 2 Neo-liberalism and healthism . 3 Obesity epidemic thinking and practices . 4 Medicalisation of fat . 7 Beautiful bodies, healthy bodies . 7 Bodies as projects . 8 Consequences of a failed body project . 10 Fat activism and acceptance movements. 10 Previous research on WLS . 12 Research questions . 14 Thesis Structure . 15 Chapter two: METHODOLOGY . 16 Theoretical resources . 16 Foucault‟s tools . 17 Embodiment . 19 Epistemological connections . 21 Research logistics . 22 Discourse analysis . 22 Data Collection and Analysis . 24 Ethics . 26 Vlogs . 28 Divataunia and Thebandinme . 32 Conclusion . 34 Chapter three: EMBODIED, NEW AND OLD SELVES . 35 Embodied Subjectivity . 36 Fat Identity . 40 Identity crisis . 43 New, old and the journey of selves . 45 Conclusion . 50 Chapter four: CONTROLLED SELVES . 51 Discursive context of control . 52 Making sense of the context . 54