Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Optimal Schemes for the Half-Duplex Two-Way Relay Channel

A restricted two-way communication problem in a small fully-connected network is investigated. The network consists of three nodes, all having access to a common channel with half-duplex constraint. Two nodes want to establish a dialog while the third node can assist in the bi-directional transmission process. All nodes have agreed on a transmission protocol a priori and the problem is restricted to the dialog encoders not being allowed to establish a cooperation by the use of previous receive signals. The channel is referred to as the restricted half-duplex two-way relay channel. Here the channel is defined and an outer bound on the achievable rates is derived by the application of the cut-set theorem. This shows that the problem consists of six parts. We propose a transmission protocol which takes into account all possible transmit-receive configurations of the network and performs partial decoding of the messages at the relay as well as sequential decoding at the dialog nodes. By the use of random codes and suboptimal decoders, two inner bound on the achievable rates are derived. Restricting to the suggested strategies and fixed input distributions it is argued to be possible to determine optimal transmission schemes with respect to various reasonable objectives at low complexity. In comparison to two-way communication without relay, simulations for an AWGN channel model then show that it is possible to simultaneously increase the communication rates of both dialog messages and to outperform relaying strategies that ignore an available direct path.
Arp 116: interacting system or chance alignment?

Using high spatial resolution Hubble Space Telescope /Advanced Camera for Surveys archival imaging observations of Arp 116, centred on the elliptical galaxy NGC 4649, we explore the novel technique of pixel-by-pixel analysis of the galaxy's colour–magnitude diagram to search for any evidence of recent enhanced star formation due to the apparent tidal interaction with its spiral companion, NGC 4647. From a detailed analysis of the system's geometry, and based on additional circumstantial evidence from extant multi-wavelength observations, we conclude that, while there may be grounds for the tidal-interaction assumption for this system, any interaction has thus far been of insufficient strength to trigger an enhanced level of recent star formation in the elliptical component, although close inspection of our colour images shows a faint excess of bluer pixels (a ~0.20 mag bluer “loop”) in the elliptical galaxy on the side of the spiral companion. Given that there appears to be a moderate reservoir of available gas for ongoing star formation (although at low column density), this suggests that we are currently witnessing the onset of the tidal interaction between NGC 4647 and NGC 4649. In addition, the triggering of new star formation in NGC 4649 may be significantly impeded due to the much lower mass of the spiral component.
Observational Mass-to-Light Ratio of Galaxy Systems from Poor Groups to Rich Clusters

We study the mass-to-light ratio of galaxy systems from poor groups to rich clusters and present for the first time a large database for useful comparisons with theoretical predictions. We extend a previous work, where Bj band luminosities and optical virial masses were analyzed for a sample of 89 clusters. Here we also consider a sample of 52 more clusters, 36 poor clusters, seven rich groups, and two catalogs, of ~500 groups each, recently identified in the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample by using two different algorithms. We obtain the blue luminosity and virial mass for all systems considered. We devote a large effort to establishing the homogeneity of the resulting values, as well as to considering comparable physical regions, i.e., those included within the virial radius. By analyzing a fiducial, combined sample of 294 systems we find that the mass increases faster than the luminosity: the linear fit gives M ∝ L, with a tendency for a steeper increase in the low-mass range. In agreement with the previous work, our present results are superior owing to the much higher statistical significance and the wider dynamical range covered (~1012-1015 M☉). We present a comparison between our results and the theoretical predictions on the relation between M/LB and halo mass, obtained by combining cosmological numerical simulations and semianalytic modeling of galaxy formation.
REGIONAL PATTERNS OF PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN WATER: OWENS VALLEY, CALIFORNIA

The conversion of large natural basins to managed watersheds for the purpose of providing water to urban centers has had a negative impact on semiarid ecosystems, worldwide. We view semiarid plant communities as being adapted to short, regular periods of drought; however, human induced changes in the water balance often remove these systems from the range of natural variability that has been historically established. This article explores vegetation changes over a 13-yr period for an entire water management area in eastern California. Using remotely sensed measurements of vegetation live cover, a recent vegetation map, field data and observations, precipitation records, and data on water table depth, we characterize the responses of xeric, phreatophytic, and exotic Great Basin plant communities. Despite the complexity of plant communities and land-use history, our technique was successful in identifying discrete modes of response. Differences in vegetation response were attributable to available groundwater resources (modified by water management activities), annual precipitation, and land cultivation history. Fifty-one percent of our study area, including phreatophytic and xeric communities, showed unchanging vegetation conditions and had experienced relatively minimal human disturbance. Nineteen percent of the area exhibited a linear decline in live cover during a drought when ground- water pumping lowered water tables. In portions of these areas, the decline in native phreatophytic cover was followed by an increase in exotic, nonphreatophytic species when the drought ended; in the remainder, cover was suppressed. Finally, vast regions that had been significantly disturbed showed live cover changes that were amplified with respect to precipitation, indicating the presence of exotic annuals. We view the increase in exotic species across the entire study area to be indicative of a fundamental shift in ecosystem function from one buffered from drought by stable ground water conditions to one sensitive to small changes in precipitation. The tools and techniques used here are applicable wherever large regions of land are being managed in an era of changing environmental conditions.
An Effective Routing Protocol with Guaranteed Route Preference for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Battery power and queue conservation are critical issues in mobile ad hoc network (MANET). These two factors not only affect the delivery ratio but also the lifetime of the network. In this work, we will propose a simple and effective routing protocol to extend the lifetime and to evenly distribute the traffic loads of the networks as possible. Furthermore, a concept of serving capacity is introduced to reflect the level of congestion around a node. In this way, the proposed routing protocols can avoid network congestion and achieve higher packet delivery ratios. The extensive computer simulation is conducted to compare the proposed protocol against many existing routing protocols. The results show that the proposed routing protocol can have better performance in terms of queueing length, lifetime, and packet delivery ratio and have comparable end-to-end delays.
Maintaining model efficiency, avoiding bias and reducing input parameter volume in compressor fault classification

With the exponential growth in data collection and storage and the necessity for timely prognostic health monitoring of industrial processes traditional methods of data analysis are becoming redundant. Big data sets and huge volumes of inputs give rise to equally massive computational requirements. In this paper the differences in input parameter selection using a subset of the original variables and using data reduction techniques are compared. Each selection procedure being illustrated by both statistical methods and machine learning techniques. It is shown that the subsequent classification models are highly comparable. Finally the merits of a combined multivariate statistical and wavelet decomposition approach is considered. Techniques are applied to output signals from an experimental compressor rig.
The Cross-National Diversity of Corporate Governance: Dimensions and Determinants

We develop a theoretical model to describe and explain variation in corporate governance among advanced capitalist economies, identifying the social relations and institutional arrangements that shape who controls corporations, what interests corporations serve, and the allocation of rights and responsibilities among corporate stakeholders. Our “actor-centered” institutional approach explains firm-level corporate governance practices in terms of institutional factors that shape how actors' interests are defined (“socially constructed”) and represented. Our model has strong implications for studying issues of international convergence.
Indiscipline among Teachers: Causes and Influence on School Administration in Nigeria.

This paper identified poor condition of services, irregular promotion and payment of salaries, poor professional training, societal negative influence, inadequate facilities and instructional supervision as causes of indiscipline among teachers in Nigeria. It also identified increase in examination malpractices and dropout rate, fall in instructional quality, moral value, poor quality students for higher education leading to decrease rate of national development as impacts of teachers indiscipline on school administration. Recommendations on ways of reducing teachers indiscipline in Nigeria schools was also highlighted.
Predicting Overprecision in Range Estimation

Overprecision (overconfidence in interval estimation) is a bias with clear implications for economic outcomes in industries reliant on forecasting possible ranges for future prices and unknown states of nature such as mineral and petroleum exploration. Prior research has shown the ranges people provide are too narrow given the knowledge they have – that is, they underestimate uncertainty and are overconfident in their knowledge. The underlying causes of this bias are, however, still unclear and individual differences research has shed little light on traits predictive of susceptibility. Taking this as a starting point, this paper directly contrasts the Naïve Sampling Model and Informativeness-Accuracy Tradeoff accounts of overprecision – seeing which better predicts performance in an interval estimation task. This was achieved by identifying traits associated with these theories – Short Term Memory and Need for Cognitive Closure, respectively. Analyses indicate that NFCC but not STM predicts interval width and thus, potentially, impacts overprecision.
Social Psychological and Perceived Situational Factors Related To Football Fans' Aggression Among Ethiopian Coffee and Saint George Football Fans in Addis Ababa Stadium

This study set out to assess the following: (1) Relationship between Social psychological factors (identification and de-individuation) and fan aggression, (2) Difference in aggression among fans' different levels of identification (3) Differences in aggressive behavior of football fans across socia-demographic factors . (4) Situational factors (venue, event, and staff variables) predicting fan aggression, and (5) Association between de-individuation and situational factors. A random sample of spectators (N = 220) at football league game in Addis Ababa Stadium w ere selected and completed a survey designed to identify or measure the aforementioned variables. ) The data was analyzed using s tatistics including, t-tes t, descriptive mean comparison, one-way analysis of variance, pearson correlation, linear and multiple regression. Linear regression showed that fan identification predicted fan aggression. Consistent with previous studies, highly identified fans were more likely to behave aggressively at games than moderately identified fans and lowly identified fans . Multiple regression indicated that de-individuation components: anonymity, arousal, group size, and loss of self awareness emerged as significant predictors of fan aggression respectively. Venue-situational factors: stadium location, temperature, noise level, and seating arrangement were rated important variables respectively. The two club fans did not show significant differences in the above venue variables. Event-situational factors: crowd demography, alcohol availability, performer behavior, event significance, and event duration were found to be important in contributing to aggression. The two clubs fans significantly differed in event s ignificance, performance quality, crowding, and event duration among the event variables. Staff-situational factors: experience, communication, and training were rated important contributors to aggression for both club fans. The ttest also revealed that the two clubs fans significantly differed in communication among, presence, and experience of the police officers in their contribution to fan aggression. From socio-demographic factors , age and longevity of fandom were found to have significant effect on aggression. The research results indicated that those fans aged between 21-25 tended to show higher levels of aggression than any other age category. Fans with 6-10 years of fandom tended to experience lower levels of physical aggression than fans with more than 15 years of fandom. Analysis us ing a Pearson correlation matrix showed a pos itive correlation between de-individuation and situational factors: staff, event, and venue characteristics.
Accuracy and resolution of THz reflection spectroscopy for medical imaging

The use of THz radiation as a potential tool for medical imaging is of increasing interest. In this paper three methods of analysis of THz spectroscopic information for diagnosis of tissue pathologies at THz frequencies are presented. The frequency-dependent absorption coefficients, refractive indices and Debye relaxation times of pure water and pure lipids were measured and used as prior knowledge in the different theoretical methods for the determination of concentration. Three concentration analysis methods were investigated: (a) linear spectral decomposition, (b) spectrally averaged dielectric coefficient method and (c) the Debye relaxation coefficient method. These methods were validated on water and lipid emulsions by determining the concentrations of phantom chromophores and comparing to the known composition. The accuracy and resolution of each method were determined to assess the potential of each method as a tool for medical diagnosis at THz frequencies.
Meal pattern among Norwegian primary-school children and longitudinal associations between meal skipping and weight status

Abstract Objective To investigate meal pattern longitudinally and explore whether meal skipping was associated with overweight among Norwegian children and adolescents. Design Longitudinal study. Children's meal frequencies were reported by their parents using a retrospective FFQ. Weight and height were measured by public health nurses. Descriptive data comparing 4th and 7th grade were analysed by paired-sample t tests for continuous variables and χ 2 tests for categorical variables. Odds ratio estimates, including confidence intervals, with BMI category (normal/overweight) as the dependent variable, were determined through logistic regression analyses. Setting Primary schools, Telemark County, Norway. Subjects A cohort of 428 Norwegian boys and girls; 4th graders in 2007, 7th graders in 2010. Results The number of children eating four main meals per day (regular meal frequency) decreased from 4th grade (47 %) to 7th grade (38 %; P = 0·001). Those who ate regular meals in 4th grade but not in 7th grade had higher odds (OR = 3·1; 95 % CI 1·1, 9·0) of being overweight in 7th grade after adjusting for gender, maternal education and physical activity, but the odds ratio was not statistically significant after adjusting for overweight in 4th grade (OR = 2·8; 95 % CI 0·7, 11·6). Conclusions The present study showed significant increases in overall meal skipping among children between 4th and 7th grade. The results indicate an association between overweight and meal skipping, but additional prospective and longitudinal analyses and intervention trials are warranted to confirm this relationship.
Using bank supervisory data to improve macroeconomic forecasts

Locating the function of bank supervision in the central bank has been a contentious issue, both domestically and internationally. Most discussions of the role of bank supervision in central banking have focused on crisis management and the responsibilities of the central bank as a lender of last resort. However, recent research by the authors has shown that confidential supervisory information garnered through bank examinations potentially can improve the forecasts of key macroeconomic variables and thus the conduct of monetary policy. Forecasting macroeconomic variables is essential to the conduct of monetary policy, since the long lags in the effect of monetary policy ensure that changes in monetary policy today alter the economy only in the future. This article explores further the robustness of the results reported earlier. It examines the pattern of the forecast errors of the individual private forecasters studied, and confirms the earlier results. Thus, the article concludes that an important reason for central banks to have access to confidential supervisory information, and possibly to participate in its collection, is that such information can improve macroeconomic forecasts and in this way improve monetary policy decision-making.
Applying the Right Relationship Marketing Strategy through Big Five Personality Traits

Abstract In this study, Structural Equation Modeling was utilized in an exploratory manner to answer the following questions: (1) Can relationship marketing practices be predicted by Big Five personality traits? (2) If yes, which type of personality trait has an effect on which type of relationship marketing practice? The findings show that all relationship marketing (RM) preferences can be predicted by personality traits of customers. Agreeableness and extroversion personality traits are the only predictors that explained all RM practices significantly. Conscientiousness had a great impact on financial and structural RM practice preferences, while higher degree of openness to experiences explained financial and social RM. Customers with higher scores in emotional stability who displayed higher levels of trust and calmness only explained financial RM preferences.
Comparison of JSON and XML Data Interchange Formats: A Case Study

This paper compares two data interchange formats currently used by industry applications; XML and JSON. The choice of an adequate data interchange format can have significant consequences on data transmission rates and performance. We describe the language specifications and their respective setting of use. A case study is then conducted to compare the resource utilization and the relative performance of applications that use the interchange formats. We find that JSON is significantly faster than XML and we further record other resource-related metrics in our results.
When is Metric Temporal Logic Expressively Complete?

A seminal result of Kamp is that over the reals Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) has the same expressive power as first-order logic with binary order relation < and monadic predicates. A key question is whether there exists an analogue of Kamp's theorem for Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) -- a generalization of LTL in which the Until and Since modalities are annotated with intervals that express metric constraints. Hirshfeld and Rabinovich gave a negative answer, showing that first-order logic with binary order relation < and unary function +1 is strictly more expressive than MTL with integer constants. However, a recent result of Hunter, Ouaknine and Worrell shows that with rational timing constants, MTL has the same expressive power as first-order logic, giving a positive answer. In this paper we generalize these results by giving a precise characterization of those sets of constants for which MTL and first-order logic have the same expressive power. We also show that full first-order expressiveness can be recovered with the addition of counting modalities, strongly supporting the assertion of Hirshfeld and Rabinovich that Q2MLO is one of the most expressive decidable fragments of FO(<,+1).
The complex nature of constitutional de novo apparently balanced translocations in patients presenting with abnormal phenotypes

Objective: To describe the systematic analysis of constitutional de novo apparently balanced translocations in patients presenting with abnormal phenotypes, characterise the structural chromosome rearrangements, map the translocation breakpoints, and report detectable genomic imbalances. Methods: DNA microarrays were used with a resolution of 1 Mb for the detailed genome-wide analysis of the patients. Array CGH was used to screen for genomic imbalance and array painting to map chromosome breakpoints rapidly. These two methods facilitate rapid analysis of translocation breakpoints and screening for cryptic chromosome imbalance. Breakpoints of rearrangements were further refined (to the level of spanning clones) using fluorescence in situ hybridisation where appropriate. Results: Unexpected additional complexity or genome imbalance was found in six of 10 patients studied. The patients could be grouped according to the general nature of the karyotype rearrangement as follows: (A) three cases with complex multiple rearrangements including deletions, inversions, and insertions at or near one or both breakpoints; (B) three cases in which, while the translocations appeared to be balanced, microarray analysis identified previously unrecognised imbalance on chromosomes unrelated to the translocation; (C) four cases in which the translocation breakpoints appeared simple and balanced at the resolution used. Conclusions: This high level of unexpected rearrangement complexity, if generally confirmed in the study of further patients, will have an impact on current diagnostic investigations of this type and provides an argument for the more widespread adoption of microarray analysis or other high resolution genome-wide screens for chromosome imbalance and rearrangement.