Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lipid and water content of carcass, skeletal muscle, and testicle in the host component of the albino rat-Walker carcinoma 256 dual organism at progressive stages of tumor growth.

The objective of this investigation was to find at what stage in the growth of Walker carcinoma 256 appear the shifts in water and lipid levels of host carcass, skeletal muscle, and testicle, noted at or near death of the dual organism by Boyd, Connell, and McEwen (1952). Lipid and water estimations were made upon these tissues, at intervals of one, two, and three weeks of tumor growth, in 35 tumor-bearing and 34 littermate control albino rats. In host carcass, the decline in concentration, per 100 gm. dry weight, of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids appeared after two weeks of tumor growth, while at or about the same time a rise occurred in the levels of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid. In hind limb skeletal muscle of the host, the levels of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids were lowered, while those of water were elevated, after two and three weeks of tumor growth. In host testicle, the levels of water and lipids were essentially similar to those .
Structure and temperature-dependent phase transitions of lead-free Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO_3–Bi_1/2K_1/2TiO_3–K_0.5Na_0.5NbO_3 piezoceramics

Structure and phase transitions of (1 − y )((1 − x )Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO_3– x Bi_1/2K_1/2TiO_3)– y K_0. 5Na_0. 5NbO_3 ( x ; y ) piezoceramics (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4; 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.05) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, neutron diffraction, temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The local crystallographic structure at room temperature (RT) does not change by adding K_0. 5Na_0. 5NbO_3 to Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO_3– x Bi_1/2K_1/2TiO_3 for x = 0.2 and 0.4. The average crystal structure and microstructure on the other hand develop from mainly long-range polar order with ferroelectric domains to short-range order with polar nanoregions displaying a more pronounced relaxor character. The (0.1; 0) and (0.1; 0.02) compositions exhibit monoclinic Cc space group symmetry, which transform into Cc + P 4 bm at 185 and 130 °C, respectively. This high temperature phase is stable at RT for the morphotropic phase boundary compositions of (0.1; 0.05) and all compositions with x = 0.2. For the compositions of (0.1; 0) and (0.1; 0.02), local structural changes on heating are evidenced by Raman; for all other compositions, changes in the long-range average crystal structure were observed.
Somatic amplification of distally generated subthreshold EPSPs in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurones

1 Intracellular recordings from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones revealed that EPSPs evoked by selective stimulation of the isolated afferent input to the distal third of the apical dendrites were relatively insensitive to changes in dendritic membrane potential (Vm) but amplified by depolarizations of the somatic Vm. The amplification was present at potentials depolarized from resting membrane potential (RMP) but was most marked when the EPSPs were close to threshold for action potential generation. The amplification consisted of a uniform component and a variable component which was only present when the EPSPs were threshold straddling. 2 The somatic amplification was caused by an intrinsic membrane current which was blocked by somatic application of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 μm), but was insensitive to bath application of NiCl2 (100–200 μm). We therefore suggest that the amplification of the subthreshold EPSP is due primarily to the activation of a non‐inactivating Na+ current (INaP). 3 Injection of 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP, 25–50 mM) during intradendritic recordings resulted in amplification of the EPSPs in 37 % of the dendrites, which was similar to that observed in somatic recordings. However, in the one case in which somatic application of TTX was tested, dendritic amplification was blocked, suggesting that it is a reflection of the somatic amplification. 4 Because the shift to variable amplification was very abrupt and it is present in only a very narrow voltage range close to threshold, we suggest that the variable component is caused by the regenerative activation of INaP. The variability itself is probably due to the simultaneous activation of different outward K+ currents. 5 The present results indicate that the somatic region of CA1 pyramidal neurones can function as a voltage‐dependent amplifier of distally evoked EPSPs and that this is due to the activation of a somatic INaP. The presence of this amplifying mechanism will have important functional consequences for the way in which distally generated EPSPs are integrated.
Decoupling of Acetylcholine Influx and Theta Power in the Hippocampus

The importance of acetylcholine (ACh) in higher cognitive functions has been postulated for decades ([Sarter et al., 2005][1]). Attention, arousal, novelty detection, and learning all rely on an intact cholinergic system, which arises principally from the nucleus basalis and the medial septum.
Platelet Glycoprotein VI Dimerization, an Active Process Inducing Receptor Competence, Is an Indicator of Platelet Reactivity

Objective—The immune receptor homologue glycoprotein VI (GPVI)/FcR receptor &ggr; chain complex is primarily responsible for platelet activation by collagen. There is growing evidence that optimal binding of GPVI to collagen depends on the assembly of GPVI dimers. The valence of GPVI on resting platelets needs to be clearly established because platelet avidity for collagen would be greater if GPVI is constitutively expressed as a dimer than as a monomer. Methods and Results—Using a monoclonal antibody (9E18) that preferentially binds to GPVI dimers, we found that GPVI was maintained in a monomeric form on human resting platelets under the control of intraplatelet cAMP concentration. Activation by soluble agonists or von Willebrand factor induced a shift toward GPVI dimerization related to increased platelet adhesion to collagen. A correlation between platelet binding of 9E18 and P-selectin exposure was observed in patients experiencing coronary artery disease, and antagonists of the ADP receptor P2Y12 limited ADP-induced GPVI dimerization. Conclusion—The rapid assembly of highly competent dimers of GPVI at sites of vascular lesion represents an important step in the sequence of events leading to platelet activation by collagen. GPVI dimers could represent a new marker to analyze platelet reactivity.
Analysis-Oriented Stress-Strain Model for Concrete under Combined FRP-Steel Confinement

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined plain and RC columns, leading to a large number of stress–strain models. Most of these models have been developed for FRP-confined plain concrete and are thus applicable only to concrete in FRP-confined RC columns with a negligible amount of transverse steel reinforcement. The few models that have been developed for concrete under the combined confinement of FRP and transverse steel reinforcement are either inaccurate or too complex for direct use in design. This paper presents an accurate design-oriented stress–strain model for concrete under combined FRP-steel confinement in FRP-confined circular RC columns. The proposed model is formulated on the basis of extensive numerical results generated using an analysis-oriented stress–strain model recently proposed by the authors and properly captures the key characteristics of FRP-steel-confined concrete as revealed by existing test results. The model strikes a good balanc.
Caenorhabditis elegans chromatin-associated proteins SET-2 and ASH-2 are differentially required for histone H3 Lys 4 methylation in embryos and adult germ cells

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me), a mark associated with gene activation, is mediated by SET1 and the related mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) histone methyltransferases (HMTs) across species. Mammals contain seven H3K4 HMTs, Set1A, Set1B, and MLL1–MLL5. The activity of SET1 and MLL proteins relies on protein–protein interactions within large multisubunit complexes that include three core components: RbBP5, Ash2L, and WDR5. It remains unclear how the composition and specificity of these complexes varies between cell types and during development. Caenorhabditis elegans contains one SET1 protein, SET-2, one MLL-like protein, SET-16, and single homologs of RbBP5, Ash2L, and WDR5. Here we show that SET-2 is responsible for the majority of bulk H3K4 methylation at all developmental stages. However, SET-2 and absent, small, or homeotic discs 2 (ASH-2) are differentially required for tri- and dimethylation of H3K4 (H3K4me3 and -me2) in embryos and adult germ cells. In embryos, whereas efficient H3K4me3 requires both SET-2 and ASH-2, H3K4me2 relies mostly on ASH-2. In adult germ cells by contrast, SET-2 serves a major role whereas ASH-2 is dispensable for H3K4me3 and most H3K4me2. Loss of SET-2 results in progressive sterility over several generations, suggesting an important function in the maintenance of a functional germ line. This study demonstrates that individual subunits of SET1-related complexes can show tissue specificity and developmental regulation and establishes C. elegans as a model to study SET1-related complexes in a multicellular organism.
Institute for Mathematical Physics Non–commutative Heat Kernel Non-commutative Heat Kernel

We consider a natural generalisation of the Laplace type operators for the case of non-commutative (Moyal star) product. We demonstrate existence of a power law asymptotic expansion for the heat kernel of such operators on T n. First four coefficients of this expansion are calculated explicitly. We also find an analog of the UV/IR mixing phenomenon when analysing the localised heat kernel.
Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Use with Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight Gain

Studies suggest proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use impacts body weight regulation, though the effect of PPIs on energy intake, energy extraction, and energy expenditure is unknown. We used data on 3073 eligible adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Medication use, energy intake, diet composition, and physical activity were extracted from NHANES. Multivariate regression models included confounding variables. Daily energy intake was similar between PPI users and non-users (p = 0.41). Diet composition was similar between the two groups, except that PPI users consumed a slightly greater proportion of calories from fat (34.5% vs. 33.2%; p = 0.02). PPI users rated themselves as being as physically active as their age/gender-matched peers and reported similar frequencies of walking or biking. However, PPI users were less likely to have participated in muscle-strengthening activities (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30–0.95). PPI users reported similar sedentary behaviors to non-users. Male PPI users had an increase in weight (of 1.52 ± 0.59 kg; p = 0.021) over the previous year compared to non-users, while female PPI users had a non-significant increase in weight. The potential mechanisms for PPI-associated weight gain are unclear as we did not find evidence for significant differences in energy intake or markers of energy expenditure.
BEM Modeling Of Wave Diffraction In An Elastic Matrix With Nano-heterogeneities

This work addresses wave diffraction and scattering in a homogeneous, elastic matrix containing multiple heterogeneities at nano-scale. The source of wave motion is an incident, time harmonic elastic pressure (P) wave propagating through the heterogeneous matrix. The approach followed here is based on a combination of (a) classical elastodynamic theory for the bulk solid, relating the total wave fields with the incident and scattered ones through the superposition principle; (b) non-classical boundary conditions and localized constitutive equations for the matrix-heterogeneity interface in the framework of the GurtinMurdoch surface elasticity theory. The method of solution is the boundary element method using frequency-dependent fundamental solutions for the governing equations of the bulk solid.
Continuous analytics over discontinuous streams

Continuous analytics systems that enable query processing over steams of data have emerged as key solutions for dealing with massive data volumes and demands for low latency. These systems have been heavily influenced by an assumption that data streams can be viewed as sequences of data that arrived more or less in order. The reality, however, is that streams are not often so well behaved and disruptions of various sorts are endemic. We argue, therefore, that stream processing needs a fundamental rethink and advocate a unified approach toward continuous analytics over discontinuous streaming data. Our approach is based on a simple insight - using techniques inspired by data parallel query processing, queries can be performed over independent sub-streams with arbitrary time ranges in parallel, generating partial results. The consolidation of the partial results over each sub-stream can then be deferred to the time at which the results are actually used on an on-demand basis. In this paper, we describe how the Truviso Continuous Analytics system implements this type of order-independent processing. Not only does the approach provide the first real solution to the problem of processing streaming data that arrives arbitrarily late, it also serves as a critical building block for solutions to a host of hard problems such as parallelism, recovery, transactional consistency, high availability, failover, and replication.
Population genetic dynamics of an invasion reconstructed from the sediment egg bank

Biological invasions are a global issue with far‐reaching consequences for single species, communities and whole ecosystems. Our understanding of modes and mechanisms of biological invasions requires knowledge of the genetic processes associated with successful invasions. In many instances, this information is particularly difficult to obtain as the initial phases of the invasion process often pass unnoticed and we rely on inferences from contemporary population genetic data. Here, we combined historic information with the genetic analysis of resting eggs to reconstruct the invasion of Daphnia pulicaria into Lower Lake Constance (LLC) in the 1970s from the resting egg bank in the sediments. We identified the invader as ‘European D. pulicaria’ originating from meso‐ and eutrophic lowland lakes and ponds in Central Europe. The founding population was characterized by extremely low genetic variation in the resting egg bank that increased considerably over time. Furthermore, strong evidence for selfing and/or biparental inbreeding was found during the initial phase of the invasion, followed by a drop of selfing rate to low levels in subsequent decades. Moreover, the increase in genetic variation was most pronounced during early stages of the invasion, suggesting additional introductions during this period. Our study highlights that genetic data covering the entire invasion process from its beginning can be crucial to accurately reconstruct the invasion history of a species. We show that propagule banks can preserve such information enabling the study of population genetic dynamics and sources of genetic variation in successful invasive populations.
Flame retardant flexible poly(vinyl chloride) compound for cable application

ZnO/MgO, ZnO/CaO, and ZnO/CaO/ MgO can form solid solutions. The solid solution for we as flame retardant (SSFR) was obtained by annealing at 1023 K for 4.5 h in a muffle furnace. Flexible poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) filled with SSFR and Sb 2 O 3 was investigated by differential thermal analysis thermogravimetry. Limiting oxygen index (LOI), mechanical properties, and electrical properties were studied. The surface of the char formed after combusting of the PVC compounds was observed through scanning electron microscopy and the effect of the surface area to the LOI was also studied. The data suggested that a small amount of SSFR and Sb 2 O 3 have good synergy and can greatly increase the LOI and the char yield, and that the thermal degradation temperature and the activation energy decreased. It can be concluded that the mechanism of SSFR is a condensed-phase mechanism. Moreover, one can conclude that the surface area can enhance the LOI. All the results showed that SSFR is effective and safe as a flame retardant in flexible PVC.
As good as physicians: patient perceptions of physicians and non-physician clinicians in rural primary health centers in India

Non-physician clinicians (NPCs), including both specially trained medical assistants and physicians trained in India systems of medicine, perform similarly to physicians in terms of patient satisfaction, trust, and perceived quality, thus supporting the use and scale up of NPCs in primary care. Non-physician clinicians (NPCs), including both specially trained medical assistants and physicians trained in India systems of medicine, perform similarly to physicians in terms of patient satisfaction, trust, and perceived quality, thus supporting the use and scale up of NPCs in primary care. ABSTRACT Background: Attracting physicians to rural areas has been a long-standing challenge in India. Government efforts to address the shortage of rural physicians include posting non-physician clinicians (NPCs) at primary health centers (PHCs) in select areas. Performance assessments of NPCs have typically focused on the technical quality of their care with little attention to the perspectives of patients. This study investigates patient views of physicians (Medical Officers) and NPCs in terms of patient satisfaction, perceived quality, and provider trust. NPCs include: Indian system of medicine physicians (AYUSH Medical Officers) and clinicians with 3 years of training, such as Rural Medical Assistants (RMAs). At PHCs without clinicians, paramedics provide clinical care, although they are not trained for this. Methods: PHCs in the state of Chhattisgarh were stratified by provider type: Medical Officer, AYUSH Medical Officer, RMA, or paramedic. PHCs were randomly sampled in each group. A total of 1,082 exiting patients were sampled from138 PHCs. Factor analysis was used to identify perceived quality domains. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for group differences. Results: Patients of Medical Officers and NPCs reported similar levels of satisfaction, trust, and perceived quality, with scores of 84% for Medical Officers, 80% for AYUSH Medical Officers, and 85% for RMAs. While there were no significant differences in these outcomes between these groups, scores for paramedical staff were significantly lower, at 73%. Conclusions: Physicians and NPCs performed similarly in terms of patient satisfaction, trust, and perceived quality. From a patient's perspective, this supports the use and scale up of NPCs in primary care settings in India. Leaving clinician posts vacant undermines public trust and quality perceptions of government health services.
Finding families for genomic ORFans

‘Why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? ’ Charles Darwin, in The Origin of Species, Chapter 6: Difficulties in Theory The complete sequences of over a dozen microbial genomes are now known. At first glance roughly one-third of the protein encoding regions (ORFs) in each genome have no detectable sequence similarity to proteins of other genomes. Why, if proteins in different organisms have descended from common ancestral proteins by duplication and adaptive variation, do so many today show no similarity to each other? In this commentary we refer to these orphan ORFs as ‘ORFans’ and ask why there are so many, and how they can be assigned to known protein families. As a first step in solving the puzzle of why there are so many genomic ORFans, we have investigated some trivial explanations.
Favorable Outcome of Ischemic Stroke in Patients Pretreated with Statins

Background and Purpose— Statins may be beneficial for patients with acute ischemic stroke. We tested the hypothesis that patients pretreated with statins at the onset of stroke have less severe neurological effects and a better outcome. Methods— We prospectively included consecutive patients with ischemic stroke of <4-hour duration. We recorded demographic data, vascular risk factors, Oxfordshire Classification, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, admission blood glucose and body temperature, cause (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Treatment [TOAST] criteria), neurological progression at day 3, previous statin treatment, and outcome at 3 months. We analyzed the data using univariate methods and a logistic regression with the dependent variable of good outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0 to 1, Barthel Index [BI] 95 to 100). Results— We included 167 patients (mean age 70.7±12 years, 94 men). Thirty patients (18%) were using statins when admitted. In the statin group, the median NIHSS score was not significantly lower and the risk of progression was not significantly reduced. Favorable outcomes at 3 months were more frequent in the statin group (80% versus 61.3%, P =0.059 with the mRS; 76.7% versus 51.8%, P =0.015 with the BI). Predictors of favorable outcome with the BI were: NIHSS score at admission (OR: 0.72; CI: 0.65 to 0.80; P <0.0001), age (OR: 0.96; CI: 0.92 to 0.99; P =0.017), and statin group (OR: 5.55; CI: 1.42 to 17.8; P =0.012). Conclusions— Statins may provide benefits for the long-term functional outcome when administered before the onset of cerebral ischemia. However, randomized controlled trials will be required to evaluate the validity of our results.
Expressive Power of Weighted Propositional Formulas for Cardinal Preference Modeling

As proposed in various places, a set of propositional formulas, each associated with a numerical weight, can be used to model the preferences of an agent in combinatorial domains. If the range of possible choices can be represented by the set of possible assignments of propositional symbols to truth values, then the utility of an assignment is given by the sum of the weights of the formulas it satisfies. Our aim in this paper is twofold: (1) to establish correspondences between certain types of weighted formulas and well-known classes of utility functions (such as monotonic, concave or k-additive functions); and (2) to obtain results on the comparative succinctness of different types of weighted formulas for representing the same class of utility functions.