Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUPERMAN prevents class B gene expression and promotes stem cell termination in the fourth whorl of Arabidopsis thaliana flowers

Significance The Arabidopsis thaliana flower is a complex structure that consists of discrete floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels) that are separated by regions lacking organ growth called boundaries. The SUPERMAN (SUP) gene functions to define the boundary between the male organs (stamens) and female organs (carpels) in the flower. Previous work on boundary formation in plants has focused on growth repression, rather than on identity separation. Using live confocal imaging, we demonstrate that SUP functions by keeping the male and female developmental programs spatially and temporally separate, which is critical for the fertility of the flower. In addition, we show a second role of SUP in the timely termination of floral stem cells. The molecular and genetic networks underlying the determination of floral organ identity are well studied, but much less is known about how the flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The SUPERMAN gene is required for proper specification of the boundary between stamens in whorl 3 and carpels in whorl 4, as superman mutants exhibit supernumerary stamens but usually lack carpels. However, it has remained unclear whether extra stamens in superman mutants originate from an organ identity change in whorl 4 or the overproliferation of whorl 3. Using live confocal imaging, we show that the extra stamens in superman mutants arise from cells in whorl 4, which change their fate from female to male, while floral stem cells proliferate longer, allowing for the production of additional stamens.
Charge properties of low density lipoprotein subclasses.

Measurements of electrophoretic mobility and particle size of low density lipoproteins (LDL) allowed use of standard electrokinetic theory to quantitate LDL charge characteristics from subjects with predominance of large LDL (pattern A, n = 9) or small LDL (pattern B, n = 8). Pattern A LDL was found to have significantly lower (P < or = 0.001) mobility (-0.22 +/- 0.01 micron s-1 cm V-1), surface potential (-4.2 +/- 0.3 mV) and charge density (-500 +/- 34 esu/cm2) than pattern B LDL (-0.25 +/- 0.01 micron s-1 cm V-1, -4.9 +/- 0.3 mV, and -580 +/- 30 esu/cm2), but no significant difference in particle valence (-22.0 +/- 1.4 for pattern A vs. -21.8 +/- 1.9 for pattern B). Thus, the greater mobility of pattern B LDL is due to similar net charge residing on a smaller particle. Comparison of subfractions in pattern B relative to pattern A LDL revealed greater surface potential in all pattern B subfractions and greater charge density in fractions of d > or = 1.032 g/ml. In a subset of subjects incubation with neuraminidase produced significant reductions in all LDL charge parameters for all subfractions, but did not abolish the differences between pattern A and B. Thus increased surface potential and charge density of unfractionated pattern B LDL is due both to charge properties of particles across the size and density spectrum as well as enrichment of pattern B LDL with smaller, denser particles that have higher surface charge density.
Development and evaluation of the children's experiences of dental anxiety measure

BACKGROUND Existing measures of children's dental anxiety have not been developed with children or based on a theoretical framework of dental anxiety. AIM To develop the children's experiences of dental anxiety measure (CEDAM) and evaluate the measure's properties. DESIGN The measure was developed from interviews with dentally anxious children. Children recruited from a dental hospital and secondary school completed the CEDAM and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS). A subgroup of children completed the CEDAM before and after receiving an intervention to reduce dental anxiety to examine the measure's responsiveness. Rasch and Classical test analyses were undertaken. RESULTS Children were aged between 9 and 16 years (N = 88 recruited from a dental hospital and N = 159 recruited from a school). Rasch analysis confirmed the measure's unidimensionality. The CEDAM correlated well with the MCDAS (rho = 0.67, P < 0.01) and had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.98). The CEDAM was also able to detect changes in dental anxiety following the intervention (baseline mean = 22.36, SD = 2.57 and follow-up mean = 18.88, SD = 2.42, t(df = 37) = 9.54, P < 0.01, Cohen's d = 1.39). CONCLUSIONS The results support the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the CEDAM. Initial findings indicate it has potential for use in future intervention trials or in clinical practice to monitor children's dental anxiety.
The Impact of Caring on Informal Carers' Employment, Income and Earnings: a Longitudinal Approach

In Australia the policy balance has shifted away from institutional forms of health and aged care towards supporting people in their own homes. This change presupposes a significant and growing supply of informal caring labour. A large proportion of informal carers (40-60 per cent) currently combine paid employment with their caring responsibilities. Using the longitudinal Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, the paper examines the effect of caring on employment, hours worked and earnings. The analysis shows that working age carers experience disadvantage. Carers are more likely than non-carers to reduce their hours of work or exit from the labour force, and earn lower levels of income. In planning for an ageing population, policies will need to address these negative effects and privatised costs of caring if the supply of informal care is to be sustained in the future.
The Copenhagen Oral Health Senior Cohort: design, population and dental health.

BACKGROUND In order to study the way old age influence oral health, the Copenhagen Oral Health Senior Cohort (COHS) has been established. OBJECTIVES To describe the design, measurement procedures, and baseline values for COHS including spatial distribution of restorations and dental caries as well as reasons for non-participation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred and eighty-three individuals aged 65 years or older, from a total of 1918 invited elderly people, underwent an interview regarding oral health-related behaviour and a clinical oral examination including measurement of unstimulated whole saliva flow rate. RESULTS Twelve percent of the COHS was edentulous. The number of dental restorations was higher for women compared to men; however, men had more caries than women. Coronal caries was most frequent on mesial and distal surfaces and on the maxillary incisors and canines; root caries was most frequent on labial surfaces and evenly distributed within the dentition. Only 41% of all invited elderly people accepted the invitation, with old age and poor health being the primary reasons for non-participation. CONCLUSION The baseline values for COHS show that a substantial proportion of the participants had retained a natural dentition and that dental caries was prevalent with the anterior maxillary teeth being most affected.
Post-graduate physical science teachers' knowledge of and classroom practice in the nature of science in KwaZulu-Natal.

The introduction of the new Physical Science curriculum in South Africa in 2006 has created challenges for physical science teachers and curriculum developers, including tertiary science educators. The curriculum recommends that the Nature of Science (NOS) has to be taught in an integrated manner in physical science lessons. In addition approximately one-third of all questions in class tests and examinations should be on NOS. Studies that were conducted nationally and internationally have shown that most science teachers‟ have inadequate views of NOS. This study, in particular, looks at postgraduate physical science teachers‟ knowledge and classroom practice of the Nature of Science in KwaZulu-Natal. Data was collected using a NOS questionnaire by a group of 38 FET physical science and life science teachers who had completed an honours module in NOS. Part of this module included the history and philosophy of science in classroom lessons, indigenous knowledge, and science and culture. Four physical science volunteers were then selected for in-depth classroom observations and interviews. This formed the main data for the study with fieldwork carried out in teachers‟ classrooms. Results indicated that postgraduate science teachers have an adequate understanding of NOS, mainly as a result of having completed modules covering NOS objectives, history of science and philosophy of science. Furthermore, evidence confirms that these teachers made positive attempts to plan and teach for the achievement of the NOS objectives during physical science class lessons and used materials and references from their post-graduate programmes.
Dissecting the cAMP‐inducible allosteric switch in protein kinase A RIα

The regulatory subunits of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) are the major receptors of cAMP in most eukaryotic cells. As the cyclic nucleotide binding (CNB) domains release cAMP and bind to the catalytic subunit of PKA, they undergo a major conformational change. The change is mediated by the B/C helix in CNB‐A, which extends into one long helix that now separates the two CNB domains and docks onto the surface of the catalytic subunit. We explore here the role of three key residues on the B/C helix that dock onto the catalytic subunit, Arg226, Leu233, and Met 234. By replacing each residue with Ala, we show that each contributes significantly to creating the R:C interface. By also deleting the second CNB domain (CNB‐B), we show furthermore that CNB‐B is a critical part of the cAMP‐induced conformational switch that dislodges the B/C helix from the surface of the catalytic subunit. Without CNB‐B the Ka for activation by cAMP increases from 80 to 1000 nM. Replacing any of the key interface residues with Ala reduces the Ka to 25–40 nM. Leu233 and M234 contribute to a hydrophobic latch that binds the B/C helix onto the large lobe of the C‐subunit, while Arg226 is part of an electrostatic switch that couples the B/C helix to the phosphate binding cassette where the cAMP docks.
Suppressed oligodendrocyte steroidogenesis in multiple sclerosis: Implications for regulation of neuroinflammation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Neurosteroids are reported to exert anti‐inflammatory effects in several neurological disorders. We investigated the expression and actions of the neurosteroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and its more stable 3β‐sulphated ester, DHEA‐S, in MS and associated experimental models. CNS tissues from patients with MS and animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) displayed reduced DHEA concentrations, accompanied by diminished expression of the DHEA‐synthesizing enzyme CYP17A1 in oligodendrocytes (ODCs), in association with increased expression of inflammatory genes including interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐1β. CYP17A1 was expressed variably in different human neural cell types but IFN‐γ exposure selectively reduced CYP17A1 detection in ODCs. DHEA‐S treatment reduced IL‐1β and −6 release from activated human myeloid cells with minimal effect on lymphocyte viability. Animals with EAE receiving DHEA‐S treatment showed reduced Il1b and Ifng transcript levels in spinal cord compared to vehicle‐treated animals with EAE. DHEA‐S treatment also preserved myelin basic protein immunoreactivity and reduced axonal loss in animals with EAE, relative to vehicle‐treated EAE animals. Neurobehavioral deficits were reduced in DHEA‐S‐treated EAE animals compared with vehicle‐treated animals with EAE. Thus, CYP17A1 expression in ODCs and its product DHEA were downregulated in the CNS during inflammatory demyelination while DHEA‐S provision suppressed neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury that was evident as improved neurobehavioral performance. These findings indicate that DHEA production is an immunoregulatory pathway within the CNS and its restoration represents a novel treatment approach for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Compliance with recommended life style behaviors in kidney transplant recipients: does it matter in living donor kidney transplant?

INTRODUCTION Lifestyle after transplantation is the key link between transplantation and its outcome, and it is crucial to comply with the recommended life style behaviors. Our aim was to assess the compliance of kidney transplant recipients to the recommended life style behaviors in Mansoura, Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred kidney transplant patients were surveyed on their compliance with the recommended lifestyle behaviors including transplant medications, preventing from infections, diet, exercise, regular medical visits, personal hygiene, sexual activity, and cancer prevention. RESULTS Most of the kidney recipients were compliant with the immunosuppressants. One-third of the participants were compliant with low-salt diet. Noncompliance with annual dental and eye checkup was reported in the majority of the subjects 94.0%. Compliance with infection prevention was partial. Half of the patient had a poor compliance with exercise or were not complying the recommendations at all. Only 9.0% of the patients were avoiding sun exposure. The majority of women were not compliant with breast self-examination. One-third of the patients consulted with their nephrologists about their sexual problems, and only half of the women were compliant with family planning program. The women were less compliant than men with medications (P = .02), and poor compliance with medications was more frequent among those with living unrelated donors (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our kidney transplant patients had good compliance with immunosuppressive medications, but not with most of the recommended behaviors. Intensive assessment of patients before and after transplantation should be done to identify their needs which help planning to improve their compliance.
A 2.88Gb/s digital hopping UWB transceiver

While a number of UWB transceivers having data rates of 480Mb/s have been successfully developed [1∓3], there is strong demand for still higher data rates. A digital hopping UWB transceiver that expands the baseband by three times over that of previous technologies to obtain a data rate of 2.88Gb/s is described. A frequency-hopping polyphase filter (FH-PPF) that switches the passband of an RX chain within a switching time of 5ns allows compatibility with present 480Mb/s or lower data rates, while requiring the use of only one LO frequency, as opposed to the need for three in previous technologies. An 800MHz baseband has been achieved through use of a passive LPF and a highpass feedback VGA. EVM was measured to be below −26dB up to 2.88Gb/s. RX power dissipation of 156mW was achieved with 90nm CMOS technology.
Bloom syndrome helicase in meiosis: Pro‐crossover functions of an anti‐crossover protein

The functions of the Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) and its orthologs are well characterized in mitotic DNA damage repair, but their roles within the context of meiotic recombination are less clear. In meiotic recombination, multiple repair pathways are used to repair meiotic DSBs, and current studies suggest that BLM may regulate the use of these pathways. Based on literature from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, we present a unified model for a critical meiotic role of BLM and its orthologs. In this model, BLM and its orthologs utilize helicase activity to regulate the use of various pathways in meiotic recombination by continuously disassembling recombination intermediates. This unwinding activity provides the meiotic program with a steady pool of early recombination substrates, increasing the probability for a DSB to be processed by the appropriate pathway. As a result of BLM activity, crossovers are properly placed throughout the genome, promoting proper chromosomal disjunction at the end of meiosis. This unified model can be used to further refine the complex role of BLM and its orthologs in meiotic recombination.
Expression of complete chicken thymidine kinase gene inserted in a retrovirus vector

The chicken thymidine kinase (tk) gene was inserted into spleen necrosis virus. Thymidine kinase activity was expressed even when the promoter and terminator sequences for tk RNA synthesis were retained. When the promoter was present in the same orientation as the promoter in the long terminal repeat of the virus, deletions occurred both in the virus and in the tk gene, and the thymidine kinase-transforming activity of the recovered virus was low. Splicing of apparent intervening sequences in the tk gene was also observed. When the orientation of the tk promoter was opposite to the promoter in the long terminal repeat, virus synthesis was diminished, whereas thymidine kinase activity was expressed at an elevated level compared with virus in which the promoter was in the same orientation. However, when the apparent tk promoter was deleted from virus with the tk gene in the opposite orientation, a high level of virus synthesis was observed, probably as a result of absence of interference of RNA synthesis from converging promoters. The intervening sequences in the virus in which the promoters were in opposite orientation were not spliced.
So pretty! The neural correlates of self-other vs familiar-other attractiveness comparisons

ABSTRACT Previous research has demonstrated that comparing two persons activates a frontoparietal network associated with numbers and nonsocial magnitudes. However, it is unclear whether this network is also recruited by comparisons involving the self. Self-reflection engages self-serving motivations (e.g., the maintenance of a positive self-image) and is associated with specific brain structures, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), the anterior insula (AI) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Self-other comparisons may thus rely on distinct neural activity. To clarify this question, we used fMRI and asked female participants to compare their own attractiveness (or the attractiveness of a familiar woman) to pictures of unknown women. Participants were slower for comparisons with targets whose attractiveness was similar to their own (or their familiar other). Yet although this behavioral result resembles the distance effect reported for nonsocial magnitudes, at the brain level, it was linked to the activity of the AI, the ACC and the MPFC. The effect of distance in these regions was stronger for self-other than familiar-other comparisons. We interpret these results in relation to previous literature in social psychology and social neuroscience.
Annular Lichenoid Dermatitis of Youth … and Beyond: A Series of 6 Cases

Annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth (ALDY) is a clinico-pathologic entity described in children and young patients, clinically reminiscent of morphea, annular erythema, vitiligo or mycosis fungoides. We report on six patients presenting single or multiple lesions, distributed particularly on the flanks and abdomen, with clinical and histologic features consistent with ALDY. Two patients were young girls and four were adults males. Three patients received topical therapy and four showed complete resolution of the lesions after a 24-65 months follow-up. Analogously to the cases reported so far, immunohistochemistry showed a T cell infiltrate with a predominance of CD8+ lymphocytes, while T cell receptor rearrangement was absent in all cases. It seems appropriate to include annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth among the dermatoses with a lichenoid pattern. For the first time, we found that it can affect also adult patients, therefore we propose to rename the disease annular lichenoid dermatitis. The differential diagnosis with mycosis fungoides, especially in adult patients, is particularly crucial for their proper management and treatment.
Comparing Violent Victimization Experiences of Male and Female College-Attending Emerging Adults

Despite increased attention to college student victimization, gaps remain. In particular, relatively little is known about violence against males and females outside sexual and intimate partner violence. This study uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to compare male and female students’ violent victimization overall as well as relational and sexual violence. Findings reveal gendered differences and similarities. Results have implications for policies to prevent violence and support victims. Implications for victim services are particularly relevant given the critical developmental period for college students learning coping skills that shape their adult lives and addressing harms resulting from violent victimization.
Chronic Herbivory: Impacts on Architecture and Sex Expression of Pinyon Pine

Pinyon pine, Pinus edulis (Engelm.), in Northern Arizona is exposed to recurring high levels of herbivory by the moth Dioryctria albovitella (Hust.). During a 3-year period, infested trees experienced on average a 30 percent reduction in annual shoot production. This herbivory affects tree architecture, growth rate, reproductive output, and sexual expression. Less infested trees produce 47 percent more trunk wood, 43 percent more branch wood, and are monoecious. Architectural changes in infested trees can result infunctionally male plants due to a complete loss of normal female cone-bearing ability. When herbivores are experimentally removed, normal growth and reproduction patterns resume. These strong herbivore impacts should represent a potent selection pressure in the evolution of host traits.
Deregulation and development in Indonesia

Deregulation and Development in Indonesia: An Introductory Overview by Farrukh Iqbal and Faham Rashid The Evolution of Economic Policy Reforms: Determinants, Sequencing, and Reasons for Success by William James and Sherry Stephenson Foreign Investment Policy: Evolution and Characteristics by Mari Pangestu The Rise in Total Factor Productivity During Deregulation, 1985-1992 by Dipak Dasgupta, Edison Hulu, and James Hanson The Determinants of Indonesia's Non-oil Exports by Dipak Dasgupta, Edison Hulu, and Bejoy Das Gupta The Impact of Deregulation on the Manufacturing Sector by Farrukh Iqbal The Impact of Liberalization on Employment and Earnings by Nisha Agrawal Sulawesi's Cocoa Boom: Lessons of Small-holder Dynamism and Hands-off Policy by Akihiko Nishio and Takamasa Akiyama Costs and Benefits of Soymeal Deregulation, 1991-1994 by Jacqueline L. Pomeroy The Indonesian Cement Industry: A Case for Modified Regulation by Herb Plunkett and Anwar Pasinringi Distributional Impact of Government Policies in the Sugar Sector by Martin P.H. Panggabean The Impact of Regional Trade Liberalization on Selected APEC Countries and Indonesia by Jeffrey D. Lewis and Sherman Robinson Economic Reforms During the Crisis and Beyond by William James and Anwar Nasution