Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The potential of electron-nuclear spin interactions for use in quantum information processing

Recent experiments have demonstrated that an ensemble of spin polarized electrons can transfer its spin polarization to the spin of the host atomic nuclei in a “spin-friendly” semiconductor like gallium arsenide (GaAs). In this paper, we analyze this process in terms of its efficiency for using natural nuclear spin in a solid state quantum computer. Among the appealing features of the proposed design is the potential to mate it to existing memory technology. We propose a realizable and scalable model of such a device based on growth-implanted quantum dots in a III-V semiconductor matrix and analyze the feasibility of transferring spin polarized information to such a system, keeping it stored in the system and processing it.
A Lower Bound for Fourier Transform Computation in a Linear Model Over 2x2 Unitary Gates Using Matrix Entropy

Obtaining a non-trivial (super-linear) lower bound for computation of the Fourier transform in the linear circuit model has been a long standing open problem. All lower bounds so far have made strong restrictions on the computational model. One of the most well known results, by Morgenstern from 1973, provides an $\Omega(n \log n)$ lower bound for the \emph{unnormalized} FFT when the constants used in the computation are bounded. The proof uses a potential function related to a determinant. The determinant of the unnormalized Fourier transform is $n^{n/2}$, and thus by showing that it can grow by at most a constant factor after each step yields the result. This classic result, however, does not explain why the \emph{normalized} Fourier transform, which has a unit determinant, should take $\Omega(n\log n)$ steps to compute. In this work we show that in a layered linear circuit model restricted to unitary $2\times 2$ gates, one obtains an $\Omega(n\log n)$ lower bound. The well known FFT works in this model. The main argument concluded from this work is that a potential function that might eventually help proving the $\Omega(n\log n)$ conjectured lower bound for computation of Fourier transform is not related to matrix determinant, but rather to a notion of matrix entropy.
Induction of the Phase 2 Response in Mouse and Human Skin by Sulforaphane-containing Broccoli Sprout Extracts

The isothiocyanate sulforaphane was isolated from broccoli extracts in a bioactivity-guided fractionation as the principal and very potent inducer of cytoprotective phase 2 enzymes and subsequently shown to inhibit tumor development in animal models that involve various carcinogens and target organs. Because broccoli and broccoli sprouts are widely consumed, extracts obtained from them are viewed as convenient vehicles for sulforaphane delivery to humans. In relation to our current interest in devising strategies for protection against UV light–induced skin cancer, it was necessary to examine the safety and efficacy of topical application of sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts as single and multiple doses in both mice and humans. Topical application of an extract delivering 100 nmol sulforaphane/cm2 increased the protein levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase A1, and heme oxygenase 1, three representative phase 2 enzymes, in mouse skin epidermis. Quantitative assessment of the activity of NQO1 24 h after dosing showed increases of 1.5- and 2.7-fold after application of single and multiple (thrice, every 24 h) doses, respectively. A dose-escalation safety study in healthy human subjects revealed no adverse reactions when doses as high as 340 nmol of sulforaphane in the form of broccoli sprout extracts were applied topically to the center of a 1-cm-diameter circle drawn on the volar forearm. A subsequent efficacy study showed that despite the interindividual differences in basal levels, the enzyme activity of NQO1 in homogenates of 3-mm full thickness skin punch biopsies increased in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum increases of 1.5- and 4.5-fold after application of 150 nmol doses, once or three times (at 24 h-intervals), respectively, thus providing direct evidence for induction of the phase 2 response in humans. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(4):847–51)
Joint In-Band Backhauling and Interference Mitigation in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

In this paper, we study the problem of joint inband backhauling and interference mitigation in 5G heterogeneous networks (HetNets) in which a massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) macro cell base station equipped with a large number of antennas, overlaid with self-backhauled small cells is assumed. This problem is cast as a network utility maximization subject to wireless backhaul constraints. Due to the non-tractability of the problem, we first resort to random matrix theory to get a closed-form expression of the achievable rate and transmit power in the asymptotic regime, i.e., as the number of antennas and users grows large. Subsequently, leveraging the framework of stochastic optimization, the problem is decoupled into dynamic scheduling of macro cell users and backhaul provisioning of small cells as a function of interference and backhaul links. Via simulations, we evaluate the performance gains of our proposed framework under different network architectures and low/high frequency bands. Our proposed HetNet method achieves the achievable average UE throughput of 1.7 Gbps as well as ensures 1 Gbps cell-edge UE throughput when serving 200 UEs per km2 at 28 GHz with 1 GHz bandwidth. In ultra-dense network, the UE throughput at 28 GHz achieves 62x gain as compared to 2.4 GHz.
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy in Hospital Melaka: Single Centre Experience

Objective: To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer patients and to evaluate the relationship with age, cancer stage and presence of any comorbidity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Hospital Melaka from 1st January 2014 to 31st July 2014. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was given to patients to fill in prior chemotherapy (baseline) and after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: Respondents were 32 female patients [mean age (SD): 49.7(9.93) years]. They reported a significant lower global health status (P < 0.01) and significant higher symptoms of nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01), loss of appetite (P = 0.028) and diarrhea (P = 0.026) after the third cycle of chemotherapy as compared to baseline. Compare to, this study showed significant better emotional functioning (P < 0.01) and social functioning (P < 0.01) than the EORTC QLQ-C30 Reference Values 2008 for breast cancer cases. Under symptom scales higher scores were noted for appetite loss (P = 0.017), nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01). Age, stage and comorbidity had no clear associations with global health status in our patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Chemotherapy did reduce the QoL of breast cancer patients. Management of chemotherapy-induced loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting should be improved for a better outcome.
P300-Based Brain-Neuronal Computer Interaction for Spelling Applications

A brain-neuronal computer interaction system can provide a communication channel for severely disabled people or a supplementary control channel for able-bodied subjects. In this paper, a physiological hybrid P300-based speller that uses a modified stimulus presentation paradigm-the half checkerboard paradigm (HCBP)-is evaluated. The speller uses electrooculography and electroencephalography signals for selecting alphanumeric characters or commands arranged in an 8 × 9 matrix. In this study a group of subjects, who can voluntarily gaze at a target, used the checkerboard paradigm- and HCBP-based spellers in a counterbalanced fashion for comparing their performances under a series of online tests. A 16-character-long text was spelled by each subject, while a 13-character-long text was used for calibrating the system. By using the HCBP, the time required for spelling one character is reduced, resulting in higher information transfer rates. The results suggest that the HCBP has the potential to provide a more effective P300 paradigm with a major importance for people with neuromuscular diseases and also for healthy people as a supplementary communication channel.
A Chasm Between Identity and Equivalence Testing with Conditional Queries

A recent model for property testing of probability distributions (Chakraborty et al., ITCS 2013, Canonne et al., SICOMP 2015) enables tremendous savings in the sample complexity of testing algorithms, by allowing them to condition the sampling on subsets of the domain. In particular, Canonne, Ron, and Servedio (SICOMP 2015) showed that, in this setting, testing identity of an unknown distribution $D$ (whether $D=D^\ast$ for an explicitly known $D^\ast$) can be done with a constant number of queries, independent of the support size $n$ -- in contrast to the required $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ in the standard sampling model. It was unclear whether the same stark contrast exists for the case of testing equivalence, where both distributions are unknown. While Canonne et al. established a $\mathrm{poly}(\log n)$-query upper bound for equivalence testing, very recently brought down to $\tilde O(\log\log n)$ by Falahatgar et al. (COLT 2015), whether a dependence on the domain size $n$ is necessary was still open, and explicitly posed by Fischer at the Bertinoro Workshop on Sublinear Algorithms (2014). We show that any testing algorithm for equivalence must make $\Omega(\sqrt{\log\log n})$ queries in the conditional sampling model. This demonstrates a gap between identity and equivalence testing, absent in the standard sampling model (where both problems have sampling complexity $n^{\Theta(1)}$). We also obtain results on the query complexity of uniformity testing and support-size estimation with conditional samples. We answer a question of Chakraborty et al. (ITCS 2013) showing that non-adaptive uniformity testing indeed requires $\Omega(\log n)$ queries in the conditional model. For the related problem of support-size estimation, we provide both adaptive and non-adaptive algorithms, with query complexities $\mathrm{poly}(\log\log n)$ and $\mathrm{poly}(\log n)$, respectively.
Identification of proteins involved in desiccation tolerance in the red seaweed Pyropia orbicularis (Rhodophyta, Bangiales)

Extreme reduction in cellular water content leads to desiccation, which, if persistent, affects the physiology of organisms, mainly through oxidative stress. Some organisms are highly tolerant to desiccation, including resurrection plants and certain intertidal seaweeds. One such species is Pyropia orbicularis, a rhodophycean that colonizes upper intertidal zones along the Chilean coast. Despite long, daily periods of air exposure due to tides, this alga is highly tolerant to desiccation. The present study examined the proteome of P. orbicularis by 2DE and LC‐MS/MS analyses to determine the proteins associated with desiccation tolerance (DT). The results showed that, under natural conditions, there were significant changes in the protein profile during low tide as compared to naturally hydrated plants at high tide. These changes were mainly in newly appeared proteins spots such as chaperones, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and manganese superoxide dismutase, among others. Previously undescribed proteins under desiccation conditions included phycobiliproteins, glyoxalase I, and phosphomannomutase. These changes evidenced that several physiological responses involved in DT are activated during low tide, including decreased photosynthetic activity, increased antioxidant capacity, and the preservation of cell physiology by regulating water content, cell wall structure, and cell volume. Similar responses have been observed in resurrection plants and bryophytes exposed to desiccation. Therefore, the coordinated activation of different desiccation tolerance pathways in P. orbicularis could explain the successful biological performance of this seaweed in the upper intertidal rocky zones.
Generalized velocity approximation

We have developed a new approximation for P-wave velocity that has the same functional form for phase and group velocities. We call it the generalized velocity approximation (GVA) because it is similar to the generalized moveout approximation. The 2D GVA has five parameters, and the 3D GVA has 12 parameters. Our approximation is exact for the phase velocity in a transversely isotropic medium. The parameters of the 3D version of the proposed approximation are defined in all of the symmetry planes in the same fashion. Numerical examples indicate that our approximation has the same accuracy as recently proposed anelliptic approximation, but it has fewer parameters.
Antiemetic treatment for acute gastroenteritis in children: an updated Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparison in a Bayesian framework

Objective To assess the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of antiemetics on gastroenteritis-induced vomiting in children and adolescents. Design Systematic review. Data Sources The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE searched from 1980 to March 2012. Methods Methods included comprehensive searches, data synthesis, meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparisons (MTC). Review methods Reference lists were checked, and missing or inconsistent data were sought from trial investigators. Randomised controlled trials comparing antiemetics in participants younger than 18 years and who were vomiting due to acute gastroenteritis. Four meta-analyses and three MTC were carried out. Results 10 trials (1479 participants) and five treatments were included: dexamethasone, dimenhydrinate, granisetron, metoclopramide and ondansetron. There was clear evidence that ondansetron (oral or intravenous) compared with placebo increased the proportion of patients with cessation of vomiting (orally administered) (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.61), reduced the immediate hospital admission rate (orally administered) (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.83) and the need for intravenous rehydration therapy (orally administered) (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.59). No significant difference was noted in the revisit rates, but ondansetron was associated with an increase in episodes of diarrhoea. There was no evidence for the use of dexamethasone or metoclopramide and limited evidence that dimenhydrinate or granisetron increased the cessation of vomiting. The MTC analysis suggested that ondansetron was the most likely treatment to stop the child vomiting. Nine studies were carried out in secondary care and one in primary care. Conclusions This systematic review used a method novel to this clinical area and found clear evidence that ondansetron was the most likely treatment to allow oral rehydration therapy to commence. Given the significance of these results, the authors urge healthcare policy makers to consider the wider use of ondansetron in secondary care. Furthermore, randomised controlled trials are needed to investigate the effectiveness of antiemetic treatment in primary care (including ambulatory care interventions).
Phase Control of Magnetic Susceptibility of Multiferroic Composites

Dynamic magnetic susceptibility of a laminated composite of FeSiB/Pb(ZrTi)O3/FeSiB was measured. Alternating magnetic and electric fields in the ultrasonic range were simultaneously applied to excite the first mode of the longitudinal resonant vibrations of the composite sample. Significant enhancement of the susceptibility was observed when both fields had the same phase. However, the susceptibility was reduced by almost two orders of magnitude when the phase between the electric and magnetic field was shifted by 180°. This effect is interpreted in terms of combined magnetomechanical and electromechanical resonances that cause large dynamic strains in the magnetostrictive FeSiB ribbons and give rise to large changes of the magnetization when the strains in the magnetic and piezoelectric act in unison. In contrast, when the excitation fields have different phases, the strains in both materials oppose each other and the magnetoelastic contribution to the susceptibility is suppressed. The phase control of the magnetic susceptibility offers an interesting mechanism for applications, where fast modulation or rapid ON/OFF switching of susceptibility signal is required.
Nature’s Lab for Derivatization: New and Revised Structures of a Variety of Streptophenazines Produced by a Sponge-Derived Streptomyces Strain

Eight streptophenazines (A–H) have been identified so far as products of Streptomyces strain HB202, which was isolated from the sponge Halichondria panicea from the Baltic Sea. The variation of bioactivities based on small structural changes initiated further studies on new derivatives. Three new streptophenazines (I–K) were identified after fermentation in the present study. In addition, revised molecular structures of streptophenazines C, D, F and H are proposed. Streptophenazines G and K exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against the facultative pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis and against Bacillus subtilis. All tested compounds (streptophenazines G, I–K) also showed moderate activities against PDE 4B.
Blister Patterns and Energy Minimization in Compressed Thin Films on Compliant Substrates

This paper is motivated by the complex blister patterns sometimes seen in thin elastic films on thick, compliant substrates. These patterns are often induced by an elastic misfit that compresses the film. Blistering permits the film to expand locally, reducing the elastic energy of the system. It is therefore natural to ask: what is the minimum elastic energy achievable by blistering on a fixed area fraction of the substrate? This is a variational problem involving both the elastic deformation of the film and substrate and the geometry of the blistered region. It involves three small parameters: the nondimensionalized thickness of the film, the compliance ratio of the film/substrate pair, and the mismatch strain. In formulating the problem, we use a small‐slope (Föppl–von Kármán) approximation for the elastic energy of the film, and a local approximation for the elastic energy of the substrate.
Severe cholestatic jaundice secondary to hyperthyroidism

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is a known cause of nonspecific abnormalities in liver biochemitries; most commonly mild elevations in serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. Case Report: A case of severe cholestatic jaundice secondary to Grave’s disease. The patient is a 28­year­old African­American male who presented to the emergency room with chronic diarrhea, weight loss and jaundice. At presentation, his liver enzymes were elevated in a cholestatic pattern and his bilirubin was 21.4 mg/dL. Upon treatment with propranolol and propylthouracil, his diarrhea, pruritus, jaundice, and liver enzymes quickly improved. His bilirubin returned to normal over a period of two months. Conclusion: While severe intrahepatic cholestasis and jaundice due to hyperthyroidism is rare, the diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with manifestations of liver disease, as appropriate treatment of hyperthyroidism results in resolution of jaundice.
Development of the First Ultra-Potent “Capsaicinoid” Agonist at Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1) Channels and Its Therapeutic Potential

Olvanil (N-9-Z-octadecenoyl-vanillamide) is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels that lack the pungency of capsaicin and was developed as an oral analgesic. Vanillamides are unmatched in terms of structural simplicity, straightforward synthesis, and safety compared with the more powerful TRPV1 agonists, like the structurally complex phorboid compound resiniferatoxin. We have modified the fatty acyl chain of olvanil to obtain ultra-potent analogs. The insertion of a hydroxyl group at C-12 yielded a compound named rinvanil, after ricinoleic acid, significantly less potent than olvanil (EC50 = 6 versus 0.7 nM), but more versatile in terms of structural modifications because of the presence of an additional functional group. Acetylation and phenylacetylation of rinvanil re-established and dramatically enhanced, respectively, its potency at hTRPV1. With a two-digit picomolar EC50 (90 pM), phenylacetylrinvanil (PhAR, IDN5890) is the most potent vanillamide ever described with potency comparable with that of resiniferatoxin (EC50, 11 pM). Benzoyl- and phenylpropionylrinvanil were as potent and less potent than PhAR, respectively, whereas configurational inversion to ent-PhAR and cyclopropanation (but not hydrogenation or epoxidation) of the double bond were tolerated. Finally, iodination of the aromatic hydroxyl caused a dramatic switch in functional activity, generating compounds that behaved as TRPV1 antagonists rather than agonists. Since the potency of PhAR was maintained in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and, particularly, in the rat urinary bladder, this compound was investigated in an in vivo rat model of urinary incontinence and proved as effective as resiniferatoxin at reducing bladder detrusor overactivity.
Transplantation Tolerance Induced in Humans at the Fetal or the Neonatal Stage

Patients transplanted with HLA-mismatched stem cells from fetal livers develop transplantation tolerance to donor antigens. Engraftment needs no conditioning regimen prior to transplantation in neonates with severe combined immunodeficiency disease or in human fetal patients having not yet developed any immune maturity, especially T-cell differentiation. The chimeric patients have donor-derived T lymphocytes which progressively demonstrate positive interactions with other host cells. They also can be shown to be tolerant toward both host and donor antigens. The latter tolerance relies upon clonal deletion from the T-cell repertoire, and it results from the contact between thymocytes of donor origin and dendritic cells or macrophages also deriving from donor stem cells. The former tolerance does not imply clonal deletion of T-cells with host reactivity. Numerous T-cells recognizing the allogeneic, host-type antigens are identified in these patients, but these cells are anergized, following interaction with epithelial cells of the host thymus. Induction of transplantation tolerance at the fetal stage requires minimal engraftment only; in the future it will be possible to further amplify the clinical benefit, using additional cell transplants after birth.