Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The secrecy of compressed sensing measurements

Results in compressed sensing describe the feasibility of reconstructing sparse signals using a small number of linear measurements. In addition to compressing the signal, do these measurements provide secrecy? This paper considers secrecy in the context of an adversary that does not know the measurement matrix used to encrypt the signal. We demonstrate that compressed sensing-based encryption does not achieve Shannon's definition of perfect secrecy, but can provide a computational guarantee of secrecy.
An empirical study of the fault-proneness of clone mutation and clone migration

When implementing new features into a software system, developers may duplicate several lines of code to reuse some existing code segments. This action creates code clones in the software system. The literature has documented different types of code clone (e.g., Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3). Once created, code clones evolve as they are modified during both the development and maintenance phases of the software system. The evolution of code clones across the revisions of a software system is known as a clone genealogy. Existing work has investigated the fault-proneness of Type-1 and Type-2 clone genealogies. In this study, we investigate clone genealogies containing Type-3 clones. We analyze three long-lived software systems Apache-Ant, ArgoUML, and JBoss, which are all written in Java. Using the NiCad clone detection tool, we build clone genealogies and examine two evolutionary phenomena on clones: the mutation of the type of a clone during the evolution of a system, and the migration of clone segments across the repositories of a software system. Results show that 1) mutation and migration occur frequently in software systems; 2) the mutation of a clone group to Type-2 or Type-3 clones increases the risk for faults; 3) increasing the distance between code segments in a clone group also increases the risk for faults.
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications and risk of adverse clinical outcome in a cohort of hospitalized elderly patients: results from the REPOSI Study

Inappropriate prescribing is highly prevalent for older people and has become a global healthcare concern because of its association with negative health outcomes including ADEs, hospitalization and resource utilization. Beers' criteria are widely utilized for evaluating the appropriateness of medications, and an up‐to‐date version has recently been published. To assess the prevalence of patients exposed to PIMs at hospital discharge according to the 2003 and 2012 versions of Beers' criteria and to evaluate the risk of adverse clinical events, re‐hospitalization and all‐cause mortality at 3‐month follow‐up.
Prediction-based object tracking and coverage in visual sensor networks

This paper is to study the tracking of mobile objects and associated coverage problems in visual sensor networks. When sensors equipped with cameras are randomly deployed in a monitoring environment, many cameras are involved in covering the same mobile object. Images of the object may be captured by different camera nodes in different orientations simultaneously, and the captured images are then sent back to a base station or server. However, achieving characteristic point coverage of objects invariably involves a great deal of redundant image data consuming the transmission energy of the visual sensor network. One approach is proposed to overcome this problem. The minimum number of camera nodes required for set coverage can be determined by predicting the direction and speed of the mobile object. The simulation results show that this protocol reduces transmission cost while preserving the maximum coverage range of mobile objects.
Non-reference image quality assessment for biometric presentation attack detection

Non-reference image quality measures are used to distinguish real biometric data from data as used in presentation / sensor spoofing attacks. An experimental study shows that based on a set of 6 such measures, classification of real vs. fake iris, fingerprint, and face data is feasible with an accuracy of 90% on average. However, we have found that the best quality measure (combination) and classification setting highly depends on the target dataset. Thus, we are unable to provide any other recommendation than to optimise the choice of quality measure and classification setting for each specific application setting.
SOT: secure overlay tree for application layer multicast

Application layer multicast (ALM) has been proposed to overcome current limitations in IP multicast. We address, for the first time, offering data confidentiality in ALM. To achieve data confidentiality, data encryption keys are shared among the multicast group members. Observe that in this system, a node may need to continuously reencrypt packets before forwarding them downstream. Furthermore, keys have to be changed whenever there is a membership change, leading to rekey processing overhead at the nodes. For a large and dynamic group, these reencryption and rekeying operations incur high processing overhead at the nodes. We introduce a scalable scheme called secure overlay tree (SOT) which clusters ALM peers so as to localize rekeying within a cluster and to limit reencryption at cluster boundaries, thereby minimizing the total nodal processing overhead. We describe the operations of SOT and compare its nodal processing overhead with two other basic approaches, namely, host-to-host encryption and whole group encryption. We show that there exists an optimal cluster size to minimize the total nodal processing overhead. SOT achieves substantial reduction in nodal processing overhead with little cost in network performance in terms of network stress and delay.
The effect of Brassica crops on the level of mycorrhizal inoculum in soil

Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi colonise the roots of most crop and pasture plants. Brassicas, however, are non-hosts and their roots contain glucosinolates (GSLs) that are potentially hydrolysed in soil to release isothiocyanates (ITCs), which are toxic to some soil fungi. As field experiments have indicated that VAM colonisation is reduced in crops following brassicas, the effect of brassicas on VAM inoculum was investigated. Glasshouse and field experiments indicated that the viability of VAM inoculum is not reduced by ITCs at the rates these compounds are likely to be released by canola crops grown in Australia. Low VAM colonisation of crops following canola appears to be primarily due to a natural decline in inoculum in the absence of a host. However, incorporation of larger quantities of Brassica tissue – as may occur in green manuring – may reduce both VAM colonisation and Rhizobium nodulation and this area requires further investigation.
Increased Global Land Carbon Sink Due to Aerosol‐Induced Cooling

Anthropogenic aerosols have contributed to historical climate change through their interactions with radiation and clouds. In turn, climate change due to aerosols has impacted the C cycle. Here we use a set of offline simulations made with the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model driven by bias‐corrected climate fields from simulations of three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) Earth system models (ESMs; IPSL‐CM5A‐LR, CSIRO‐Mk3.6.0, and GISS‐E2‐R) to quantify the climate‐related impacts of aerosols on land carbon fluxes during 1860–2005. We found that climate change from anthropogenic aerosols (CCAA) globally cooled the climate, and increased land carbon storage, or cumulative net biome production (NBP), by 11.6–41.8 PgC between 1860 and 2005. The increase in NBP from CCAA mainly occurs in the tropics and northern midlatitudes, primarily due to aerosol‐induced cooling. At high latitudes, cooling caused stronger decrease in gross primary production (GPP) than in total ecosystem respiration (TER), leading to lower NBP. At midlatitudes, cooling‐induced decrease in TER is stronger than that of GPP, resulting in NBP increase. At low latitudes, NBP was also enhanced due to the cooling‐induced GPP increase, but precipitation decline from CCAA may negate the effect of temperature. The three ESMs show large divergence in low‐latitude CCAA precipitation response to aerosols, which results in considerable uncertainties in regional estimations of CCAA effects on carbon fluxes. Our results suggest that better understanding and simulation of how anthropogenic aerosols affect precipitation in ESMs is required for a more accurate attribution of aerosol effects on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
An evolutionary programming approach to the simulation of visual attention

Most higher animals in the world have an ability to sense danger by spotting anomalies in their environment and surviving by taking appropriate evasive action. Those organisms that have the benefit of vision are able to direct attention rapidly towards the unusual without any prior knowledge of the environment. Existing models of visual attention have provided plausible explanations for many of the standard percepts and illusions and yet all have defied implementations that have led to generic applications. This paper describes an evolutionary programming approach to derive a measure of visual attention that may be used to identify regions of interest in many categories of images. A population of individuals, or pixel neighbourhoods, is evolved that performs best at discriminating between salient and non-salient image features. A number of results are provided.
Live-Cell Imaging Evidence for the Ciliary Transport of Rod Photoreceptor Opsin by Heterotrimeric Kinesin-2

Primary cilia detect extracellular signals through membrane receptors and channels. The outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor cell represents the most elaborate of all primary cilia, containing extraordinarily large amounts of the visual receptor protein, opsin. Because of its high abundance, opsin represents a potential model system for the study of ciliary membrane receptors, including their transport. Here, we have analyzed the movement of ciliary opsin to test whether the highly conserved intraflagellar transport (IFT), as driven by heterotrimeric kinesin-2, is required. Results show that opsin can enter and move along the primary cilium of a nonphotoreceptor cell (an hTERT-RPE1 epithelial cell), suggesting that it can co-opt the basic anterograde motor system of cilia. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis of cilia of hTERT-RPE1 cells showed that the movement of ciliary opsin was comparable to that of the IFT protein, IFT88. Moreover, the movement of opsin in these cilia, as well as in cilia of mouse rod photoreceptor cells, was reduced significantly when KIF3A, the obligate motor subunit of heterotrimeric kinesin-2, was deficient. These studies therefore provide evidence from live-cell analysis that the conserved heterotrimeric kinesin-2 is required for the normal transport of opsin along the ciliary plasma membrane.
Optimal Sampling Rate Assignment with Dynamic Route Selection for Real-Time Wireless Sensor Networks

The allocation of computation and communication resources in a manner that optimizes aggregate system performance is a crucial aspect of system management. Wireless sensor network poses new challenges due to the resource constraints and real-time requirements. Existing work has dealt with the real-time sampling rate assignment problem, under single processor case and network case with static routing environment. For wireless sensor networks, in order to achieve better overall network performance, routing should be considered together with the rate assignments of individual flows. In this paper, we address the problem of optimizing sampling rates with dynamic route selection for wireless sensor networks. We model the problem as a constrained optimization problem and solve it under the network utility maximization framework. Based on the primal-dual method and dual decomposition technique, we design a distributed algorithm that achieves the optimal global network utility considering both dynamic route decision and rate assignment. Extensive simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of our proposed solutions.
Meningitis and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome During the Postpartum Period

Acute headache and focal neurological deficits should always prompt urgent investigation and management but in the postpartum period distinct diagnostic possibilities need to be entertained. A potentially important consideration is reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), which typically has a favorable prognosis but can infrequently be fatal. Postpartum RCVS most commonly occurs after a normal pregnancy but a number of triggering factors have been identified; meningitis has not been previously reported as a precipitant. One of the critical elements for a diagnosis of RCVS is a normal or near-normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, unless the situation is complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the patient described below, CSF changes consistent with an infectious process (but entirely negative infectious cultures) and the clinical context consistent with RCVS prompted consideration of aseptic meningitis as a trigger for her reversible vasculopathy.
A comparison of white light laryngostroboscopy versus autofluorescence endoscopy in the evaluation of vocal fold pathology

To prove the diagnostic value of autofluorescence endoscopy (AFE) and white light laryngostroboscopy (WLS) versus the gold standard microlaryngoscopy with histopathological examination in differential diagnostics of laryngeal lesions for experienced phoniatricians and laryngologists, using the PENTAX SAFE‐3000 system.
Learning Representations for Multimodal Data with Deep Belief Nets

We propose a Deep Belief Network architecture for learning a joint representation of multimodal data. The model denes a probability distribution over the space of multimodal inputs and allows sampling from the conditional distributions over each data modality. This makes it possible for the model to create a multimodal representation even when some data modalities are missing. Our experimental results on bi-modal data consisting of images and text show that the Multimodal DBN can learn a good generative model of the joint space of image and text inputs that is useful for lling in missing data so it can be used both for image annotation and image retrieval. We further demonstrate that using the representation discovered by the Multimodal DBN our model can significantly outperform SVMs and LDA on discriminative tasks.
Surface Impedance and Bulk Band Geometric Phases in One-Dimensional Systems

Surface impedance is an important concept in classical wave systems such as photonic crystals (PCs). For example, the condition of an interface state formation in the interfacial region of two different one-dimensional PCs is simply Z_SL +Z_SR=0, where Z_SL (Z_SR)is the surface impedance of the semi-infinite PC on the left- (right-) hand side of the interface. Here, we also show a rigorous relation between the surface impedance of a one-dimensional PC and its bulk properties through the geometrical (Zak) phases of the bulk bands, which can be used to determine the existence or non-existence of interface states at the interface of the two PCs in a particular band gap. Our results hold for any PCs with inversion symmetry, independent of the frequency of the gap and the symmetry point where the gap lies in the Brillouin Zone. Our results provide new insights on the relationship between surface scattering properties, the bulk band properties and the formation of interface states, which in turn can enable the design of systems with interface states in a rational manner.
Sirolimus Conversion for Patients with Posttransplant Kaposi's Sarcoma

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the benefit of switching from calcineurin inhibitors (CnI) to sirolimus in posttransplant Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Fourteen patients monitored in five French departments who had developed posttransplant KS were switched from CnI to sirolimus either abruptly (n = 9) or progressively (n = 5) with trough levels 5–12 ng/mL. Two patients had a complete remission, eight a partial response, and five no significant improvement of KS. The mean time to response was 3.9 months. After a mean follow‐up of 16 months, 3 partial responders, with previous severe and refractory KS, suffered again from KS progression despite the lack of concomitant infectious or neoplastic event. These relapses occurred 5–9 months after switching. The tolerance of sirolimus has been excellent except for in one patient who developed severe interstitial pneumonitis. Sirolimus is usually useful in the management of posttransplant KS. It may be, however, ineffective or transiently effective in some patients with severe KS. Prospective studies with pharmacodynamic evaluation are important in order to better assess the duration of responses and the mechanisms of primary and acquired drug resistance.
Health Information Technology in Screening and Treatment of Child Obesity: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity is a major problem in the United States, yet screening and treatment are often inaccessible or ineffective. Health information technology (IT) may improve the quality, efficiency, and reach of chronic disease management. The objective of this study was to review the effect of health IT (electronic health records [EHRs], telemedicine, text message or telephone support) on patient outcomes and care processes in pediatric obesity management. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials were searched from January 2006 to April 2012. Controlled trials, before-and-after studies, and cross-sectional studies were included if they used IT to deliver obesity screening or treatment to children aged 2 to 18 and reported impact on patient outcomes (BMI, dietary or physical activity behavior change) or care processes (BMI screening, comorbidity testing, diet, or physical activity counseling). Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed trial quality. RESULTS: Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. EHR use was associated with increased BMI screening rates in 5 of 8 studies. Telemedicine counseling was associated with changes in BMI percentile similar to that of in-person counseling and improved treatment access in 2 studies. Text message or telephone support was associated with weight loss maintenance in 1 of 3 studies. CONCLUSIONS: To date, health IT interventions have improved access to obesity treatment and rates of screening. However, the impact on weight loss and other health outcomes remains understudied and inconsistent. More interactive and time-intensive interventions may enhance health IT's clinical effectiveness in chronic disease management.
Hierarchical Multiple Regression Modelling on Predictors of Behavior and Sexual Practices at Takoradi Polytechnic, Ghana

Introduction: Various psychosocial studies on health related lifestyles lay emphasis on the fact that the perception one has of himself as being at risk of HIV/AIDS infection was a necessary condition for preventive behaviors to be adopted. Hierarchical Multiple Regression models was used to examine the relationship between eight independent variables and one dependent variable to isolate predictors which have significant influence on behavior and sexual practices. Methods: A Cross-sectional design was used for the study. Structured close-ended interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Multistage stratified technique was used to sample views from 380 students from Takoradi Polytechnic, Ghana. A Hierarchical multiple regression model was used to ascertain the significance of certain predictors of sexual behavior and practices. Results: The variables that were extracted from the multiple regression were; for the constant; β=14.202, t=2.279, p=0.023, variable is significant; for the marital status; β=0.092, t=1.996, p<0.05, variable is significant; for the knowledge on AIDs; β= 0.090, t=1.996, p<0.05, variable is significant; for the attitude towards HIV/AIDs; β=0.486, t=10.575, p<0.001, variable is highly significant. Thus, the best fitting model for predicting behavior and sexual practices was a linear combination of the constant, one’s marital status, knowledge on HIV/AIDs and Attitude towards HIV/AIDs. , Y (Behavior and sexual practices) = β0 + β1 (Marital status) + β2 (Knowledge on HIV AIDs issues) + β3 (Attitude towards HIV AIDs issues) β0, β1, β2 and β3 are respectively 14.201, 2.038, 0.148 and 0.486; the higher the better. Conclusions: Attitude and behavior change education on HIV/AIDs should be intensified in the institution so that students could adopt better lifestyles.
Biosynthesis and Expression of a Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase Domain with Thrombospondin-1 Repeats-15

Background: ADAMTS proteoglycanases show proteolytic activity toward versican and other proteoglycans. Results: ADAMTS15, which cleaves versican, is expressed during early cardiac development and during musculoskeletal development. Conclusion: With unique and overlapping biological properties, ADAMTS15 is likely to have cooperative roles with other members of the ADAMTS proteoglycanase clade. Significance: Versican cleavage has profound effects on developmental morphogenesis and regulates cancer cell behavior. The proteoglycanase clade of the ADAMTS superfamily shows preferred proteolytic activity toward the hyalectan/lectican proteoglycans as follows: aggrecan, brevican, neurocan, and versican. ADAMTS15, a member of this clade, was recently identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene in colorectal and breast cancer. However, its biosynthesis, substrate specificity, and tissue expression are poorly described. Therefore, we undertook a detailed study of this proteinase and its expression. We report propeptide processing of the ADAMTS15 zymogen by furin activity, identifying RAKR212↓ as a major furin cleavage site within the prodomain. ADAMTS15 was localized on the cell surface, activated extracellularly, and required propeptide processing before cleaving V1 versican at position 441E↓A442. In the mouse embryo, Adamts15 was expressed in the developing heart at E10.5 and E11.5 days post-coitum and in the musculoskeletal system from E13.5 to E15.5 days post-coitum, where it was co-localized with hyaluronan. Adamts15 was also highly expressed in several structures within the adult mouse colon. Our findings show overlapping sites of Adamts15 expression with other members of ADAMTS proteoglycanases during embryonic development, suggesting possible cooperative roles during embryogenesis, consistent with other ADAMTS proteoglycanase combinatorial knock-out mouse models. Collectively, these data suggest a role for ADAMTS15 in a wide range of biological processes that are potentially mediated through the processing of versican.