Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EYETRACKING AND INTERLINGUAL HOMOGRAPHS

A fundamental question of bilingual language processing asks whether bilinguals have separate lexicons for each language they command, or have a unified lexicon that represents two languages and one language is activated independently of the other. Past studies have not agreed upon whether bilinguals activate the representation of both languages in parallel, or whether only one lexicon is activated at a time. More recent studies are leaning toward the conclusion that the bilinguals possess a unified lexicon and their two languages are connected with one another. Our study further investigated the non-selective account of bilingual lexical processing in reading and the bilingual lexical processes in context. The eye movement patterns of the bilinguals showed that reading of the interlingual targets was significantly influenced by the between-language lexical overlaps, indicating the representation of both languages was activated even when the bilinguals are reading English sentences. These results suggested the strong role of an automatic and bottom-up activation in nonselective lexical processing. Theoretical implications for the current models of the bilingual lexicon are discussed. Our approach to study the selective versus nonselective lexical activation was to investigate how bilinguals process interlingual homophones and homographs. Interlingual homographs are words from different languages that are spelled identically but are different in their pronunciation or meaning. For example, ANGEL is an interlingual homograph between English and Dutch (pronounced [AN l] , meaning a hook). Interlingual homophones are words from different languages that are pronounced similarly, but are different in their spelling or meaning. For example, LEAF and LIEF (meaning dear, lovable) are both pronounced [li:f], and are interlingual homophones between English and Dutch.
Frequency-Converter-Based Hybrid Estimation Method for the Centrifugal Pump Operational State

Research on utilization of a frequency converter and sensorless methods in the drive system diagnostics has been mostly limited to the motor and to the frequency converter itself. However, it has been shown that a frequency converter also allows the sensorless estimation of the operational state of a centrifugal pump providing new opportunities for the diagnostics and control of pumping systems. In this paper, a novel hybrid estimation method for the centrifugal pump operational state is proposed. It is based on the identification of the process by using those flow rate and head estimates produced by QP-curve-based method, which are known to be relatively accurate. After the identification phase, the process model can be used together with the estimates of the frequency converter for the sensorless operational state estimation of the pump. The method is evaluated by laboratory measurements, and its applicability to industrial pumping and fan systems is also discussed.
Optimization in a Simulation Setting: Use of Function Approximation in Debt Strategy Analysis

This paper provides an analysis of how a firm's decision to serve a foreign market by exporting or by engaging in foreign direct investment (FDI) affects firm productivity, when productivity is endogeneous as a function of training. The main result of our paper is that, with endogeneous productivity, exporting results in lower productivity than does FDI, but exporting may result in higher or lower employment and output than does FDI. We also show that FDI has lower employment, higher training, higher wages and higher productivity than does production for the home market. A further interesting and unexpected result of our model is that exporting results in the same level of training and productivity as does production for the home market. However, under the same demand conditions, the exporting firm employs less labour for foreign production than for home production and, consequently, output for the foreign market is lower than output for the home market. In addition, we investigate the firm's decision to serve the foreign market by exporting or by engaging in FDI and determine parameter values for which either regime is chosen.
Human Vocabulary Use as Display

The average human vocabulary consists of approximately 20,000 word families, yet only 6000-7000 word families are required to understand most communication. One possible explanation for this level of redundancy is that vocabulary size is selected as a fitness indicator and is used for display. Human vocabulary size correlates highly with measurable intelligence and when choosing potential mates individuals actively prefer other correlates of intelligence, such as education. Here we show that males used more low frequency words after an imaginary romantic encounter with a young female shown in a photograph relative to when they viewed photographs of older females. Females used fewer low frequency words when they imagined a romantic encounter with a young male shown in a photograph relative to when they viewed photographs of older males. These differences in male and female vocabulary displays may be related to sex differences in investment costs in offspring.
Exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness.

This study describes the relation between types and frequency of exercises and cardiopulmonary fitness. Of the 255 subjects studied, 69 (27·1%) were non-exercisers, 66 (25·9%) exercised 1 to 2 times/week, 82 (32·1%) exercised 3 to 4 times/week and 38 (14·9%) exercised 5 to 7 times/week. Of the exercisers, 131 (51·3%) subjects were engaged in aerobic exercises and 55 (21·7%) in non-aerobic activities for at least 6 months prior to this study. The 2·4–km run test and the maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2 max) determination were used as indicators of aerobic performance or cardiopulmonary fitness. The V˙O2 max was measured by direct analyses of the expired gases of subjects using a Beckman Metabolic Cart during an all-out run on a treadmill. Regular exercisers who exercised three or more times/week were aerobically fitter than non-exercisers (p< 0·001) and those who exercised less frequently than three times/week (p<0·001). Subjects involved in aerobic exercises had significantly shorter mean 2·4-km run times.
Smartphone Applications for Educating and Helping Non-motivating Patients Adhere to Medication That Treats Mental Health Conditions: Aims and Functioning

Background: Patients prescribed with medication that treats mental health conditions benefit the most compared to those prescribed with other types of medication. However, they are also the most difficult to adhere. The development of mobile health (mHealth) applications (“apps”) to help patients monitor their adherence is fast growing but with limited evidence on their efficacy. There is no evidence on the content of these apps for patients taking psychotropic medication. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the aims and functioning of available apps that are aiming to help and educate patients to adhere to medication that treats mental health conditions. Method: Three platform descriptions (Apple, Google, and Microsoft) were searched between October 2015 and February 2016. Included apps need to focus on adherence to medication that treats mental health conditions and use at least a reinforcement strategy. Descriptive information was extracted and apps evaluated on a number of assessment criteria using content analysis. Results: Sixteen apps were identified. All apps included self-monitoring properties like reminders and psycho-educational properties like mood logs. It was unclear how the latter were used or how adherence was measured. Major barriers to medication adherence like patients' illness and medication beliefs and attitudes were not considered nor where information to patients about mediation side effects. Very few apps were tailored and none was developed based on established theories explaining the processes for successful medication adherence like cognitions and beliefs. Reported information on app development and validation was poor. Discussion: A variety of apps with different properties that tackle both intentional and unintentional non-adherence from a different perspective are identified. An evidence-based approach and co-creation with patients is needed. This will ensure that the apps increase the possibility to impact on non-adherence. Theories like social cognition models can be useful in ensuring that patients' education, motivation, skills, beliefs, and type of adherence are taken into consideration when developing the apps. Findings from this study can help clinicians and patients make informed choices and pursue policy-makers to integrate evidence when developing future apps. Quality-assurance tools are needed to ensure the apps are systematically evaluated.
WHO classification of soft tissue tumours: an update based on the 2013 (4th) edition

Summary The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone was published in February 2013, and serves to provide an updated classification scheme and reproducible diagnostic criteria for pathologists. Given the relative rarity of soft tissue tumours and the rapid rate of immunohistochemical and genetic/molecular developments (not infrequently facilitating recognition of new tumour entities), this updated text edited by a consensus group is important for both practising pathologists and oncologists. The 2013 WHO classification includes several changes in soft tissue tumour classification, including several new entities (e.g., pseudomyogenic haemangioendothelioma, haemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumour, and acral fibromyxoma), three newly included sections for gastrointestinal stromal tumours, nerve sheath tumours, and undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue tumours, respectively, various ‘reclassified’ tumours, and a plethora of new genetic and molecular data for established tumour types that facilitate better definition and are useful as diagnostic tools. This article briefly outlines these updates based on the 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue tumours.
Strategies for Managing Anemia in Hepatitis C Patients Undergoing Antiviral Therapy

Anemia is a common side effect that begins soon after the initiation of peginterferon/ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. It can cause symptoms that negatively impact quality of life (QOL) and is the most common reason for reducing the dose and temporarily or permanently discontinuing ribavirin. Such dose modifications have been shown to reduce the efficacy of treatment. Administering erythropoietin can improve anemia caused by peginterferon and ribavirin therapy and is more effective than dose reduction at improving QOL during treatment. However, erythropoietin, which is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in patients with HCV infection, adds another parenteral drug to the patient's treatment regimen, and is associated with additional costs, inconvenience, and potential side effects. A new ribavirin analog, viramidine, is expected to be associated with a lower incidence of anemia and, if proven effective, may eventually be substituted for ribavirin in combination with peginterferon to treat chronic hepatitis C. In the meantime, physicians must make the best possible use of the available options for managing anemia, especially in select patient groups who are most at risk for anemia and its complications.
A Candidate Approach Implicates the Secreted Salmonella Effector Protein SpvB in P-Body Disassembly

P-bodies are dynamic aggregates of RNA and proteins involved in several post-transcriptional regulation processes. P-bodies have been shown to play important roles in regulating viral infection, whereas their interplay with bacterial pathogens, specifically intracellular bacteria that extensively manipulate host cell pathways, remains unknown. Here, we report that Salmonella infection induces P-body disassembly in a cell type-specific manner, and independently of previously characterized pathways such as inhibition of host cell RNA synthesis or microRNA-mediated gene silencing. We show that the Salmonella-induced P-body disassembly depends on the activation of the SPI-2 encoded type 3 secretion system, and that the secreted effector protein SpvB plays a major role in this process. P-body disruption is also induced by the related pathogen, Shigella flexneri, arguing that this might be a new mechanism by which intracellular bacterial pathogens subvert host cell function.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and the Onset of Myocardial Infarction: Disclosing Benzene as a Trigger? A Small-Area Case-Crossover Study

Background and Objectives Exposure to traffic is an established risk factor for the triggering of myocardial infarction (MI). Particulate matter, mainly emitted by diesel vehicles, appears to be the most important stressor. However, the possible influence of benzene from gasoline-fueled cars has not been explored so far. Methods and Results We conducted a case-crossover study from 2,134 MI cases recorded by the local Coronary Heart Disease Registry (2000–2007) in the Strasbourg Metropolitan Area (France). Available individual data were age, gender, previous history of ischemic heart disease and address of residence at the time of the event. Nitrogen dioxide, particles of median aerodynamic diameter <10 µm (PM10), ozone, carbon monoxide and benzene air concentrations were modeled on an hourly basis at the census block level over the study period using the deterministic ADMS-Urban air dispersion model. Model input data were emissions inventories, background pollution measurements, and meteorological data. We have found a positive, statistically significant association between concentrations of benzene and the onset of MI: per cent increase in risk for a 1 µg/m3 increase in benzene concentration in the previous 0, 0–1 and 1 day was 10.4 (95% confidence interval 3–18.2), 10.7 (2.7–19.2) and 7.2 (0.3–14.5), respectively. The associations between the other pollutants and outcome were much lower and in accordance with the literature. Conclusion We have observed that benzene in ambient air is strongly associated with the triggering of MI. This novel finding needs confirmation. If so, this would mean that not only diesel vehicles, the main particulate matter emitters, but also gasoline-fueled cars –main benzene emitters–, should be taken into account for public health action.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Achievement Goal Orientation Correlates in Competitive Sport: A Follow-Up to Lochbaum et al. (2016)

Recent quantitative research in competitive sport with the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) pointed to a potential critical issue that the two questionnaires did not agree across a number tested hypotheses (Lochbaum, Kazak Cetinkalp, Graham, Wright, & Zazo, 2016). Thus, the present quantitative review examined whether correlates of the two achievement goal orientations were moderated by the two measures. To achieve this purpose, 772 unique correlates (489 TEOSQ, 283 POSQ; 402 task orientation, 370 ego orientation) from 93 studies spanning 1989-2016 from 32 countries with 26,387 participants were placed into 15 different categories and meta-analyzed. The task goal orientation was significantly and small to moderate in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.29), maladaptive success factors (rw=-.12), desirable behaviors (rw=.28), positive emotions (rw=.35), amotivation (rw=-.13), extrinsic motivation (rw=.20), external regulations (rw=.12), internal regulations (rw=.34), intrinsic motivation (rw=.47), the mastery/task climate (rw=.38), perceived competence (rw=.26), and trait selfesteem (rw=.35). The ego goal orientation was significantly and small in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.10), maladaptive success factors (rw=.12), negative emotions (rw=.11), undesirable behaviors (rw=.23), amotivation (rw=.16), extrinsic motivation (rw=.28), external regulation (rw=.21), intrinsic motivation (rw=.14), performance/ego climate (rw=.28), and perceived competence (rw=.17). The questionnaire measure was a significant moderator for the task goal orientation relationship with desirable behaviors (POSQ rw=.24; TEOSQ rw=.37), internal regulations (POSQ rw=.26; TEOSQ rw=.39), and trait self-esteem (POSQ rw=.45; TEOSQ rw=.32) and for the ego goal orientation relationship with performance/ego climate (POSQ rw=.34; TEOSQ rw=.24). Overall, the extent of the questionnaire type being a concern when examining correlates was fortunately minimal. Yet, differences in the two dominant measures exit. Recommendations for future research examining both the TEOSQ and POSQ were proposed.
Nonlinear Evolution of Very Small Scale Cosmological Baryon Perturbations at Recombination

The evolution of baryon density perturbations on very small scales is investigated. In particular, the nonlinear growth induced by the radiation drag force from the shear velocity field on larger scales during the recombination epoch, originally proposed by Shaviv in 1998, is studied in detail. We find that inclusion of the diffusion term, which Shaviv neglected in his analysis, results in rather mild growth with growth factor ≪100, instead of the enormous amplification, ~104, of Shaviv's original claim, since the diffusion suppresses the growth. The growth factor strongly depends on the amplitude of the large-scale velocity field. The nonlinear growth mechanism is applied to density perturbations of general adiabatic cold dark matter (CDM) models. For these models, it has been found in previous works that the baryon density perturbations are not completely erased by diffusion damping if there are gravitational potential perturbations from the CDM component. Employing the perturbed rate equation derived in this paper, the nonlinear evolution of baryon density perturbations is investigated. We find that: (1) The nonlinear growth is larger for smaller scales. This mechanism only affects perturbations whose scales are smaller than ~102 M☉, comparable to stellar scales. (2) The maximum growth factors of baryon density fluctuations for various COBE-normalized CDM models are typically less than a factor of 10 for 3 σ large-scale velocity peaks. (3) The growth factor depends on Ωb.
Homeostatic and Nonhomeostatic Modulation of Learning in Human Motor Cortex

Motor learning is important throughout life for acquisition and adjustment of motor skill. The extent of motor learning may be modulated by the history of motor cortex activity, but little is known which metaplasticity rule (homeostatic vs nonhomeostatic) governs this interaction. Here, we explored in nine healthy adults the effects of three different paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocols on subsequent learning of rapid thumb flexion movements. PAS resulted in either a long-term potentiation (LTP)-like increase in excitability of the stimulated motor cortex (PASLTP), or a long-term depression (LTD)-like decrease (PASLTD), or no change (control condition, PASCON). Learning was indexed by the increase in peak acceleration of the trained movement. Delays of 0 and 90 min between PAS and motor practice were tested. At the 0 min delay, PASLTD strongly facilitated motor learning (homeostatic interaction), and PASLTP also facilitated learning, although to a lesser extent (nonhomeostatic interaction). At the 90 min delay, PASLTD facilitated learning, whereas PASLTP depressed learning (interactions both homeostatic). Therefore, facilitation of learning by previous brain stimulation occurs primarily and most effectively through homeostatic interactions, but at the 0 min delay, nonhomeostatic mechanisms such as LTP-induced blockade of LTD and nonsaturated LTP-induced facilitation of learning might also play a role. The present findings demonstrate that motor learning in humans can be modulated by noninvasive brain stimulation and suggest the possibility of enhancing motor relearning in defined neurological patients.
Semi-local longest common subsequences and maximum cliques in circle graphs

For two strings a, b of lengths m, n respectively, the longest common subsequence (LCS) problem consists in comparing a and b by computing the length of their LCS. In a previous paper, we defined a generalisation, called “the all semi-local LCS problem”, for which we proposed an ecient geometric output representation, and an ecient algorithm running in time o(mn) when m and n are reasonably close. In this paper, we consider a restriction of the all semi-local LCS problem to strings that are permutations of a given set of size n. The resulting problem is equivalent to finding all local longest increasing subsequences (LIS) in a permutation. We propose an algorithm for this problem running in time O(n 1.5 ). As an interesting application of our method, we propose a new algorithm for finding a maximum clique in a circle graph on n nodes, also running in time O(n 1.5 ). Compared to a number of previous algorithms for these problems, our approach presents a substantial improvement in worst-case running time.
Random-access over fading channels

Wireless local area networks (WLANS) (1997) allow the transmission of bursty data traffic over fading, wireless links. We formulate and analyze a simple model of controlled ALOHA in a Rayleigh fading environment. We consider the application of a one bit per slot feedback control algorithm, from (Sylvie Ghez, et al., 1989), and propose a new algorithm involving higher rates of feedback per slot. Our algorithm is based on an optimization framework, which enables one to determine the desired rate of feedback, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in improving delay performance as compared to the 1-bit feedback algorithm.
Characterization and Heterologous Expression of the Oxalyl Coenzyme A Decarboxylase Gene from Bifidobacterium lactis

ABSTRACT Oxalyl coenzyme A (CoA) decarboxylase (Oxc) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of the highly toxic compound oxalate, catalyzing the decarboxylation of oxalyl-CoA to formyl-CoA. The gene encoding a novel oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase from Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 10140 (oxc) was identified and characterized. This strain, isolated from yogurt, showed the highest oxalate-degrading activity in a preliminary screening with 12 strains belonging to Bifidobacterium, an anaerobic intestinal bacterial group largely used in probiotic products. The oxc gene was isolated by probing a B. lactis genomic library with a probe obtained by amplification of the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase gene from Oxalobacter formigenes, an anaerobic bacterium of the human intestinal microflora. The oxc DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,773 bp encoding a deduced 590-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of about 63 kDa. Analysis of amino acid sequence showed a significant homology (47%) with oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase of O. formigenes and a typical thiamine pyrophosphate-binding site that has been reported for several decarboxylase enzymes. Primer extension experiments with oxc performed by using RNA isolated from B. lactis identified the transcriptional start site 28 bp upstream of the ATG start codon, immediately adjacent to a presumed promoter region. The protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli cross-reacted with an anti-O. formigenes oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase antibody. Enzymatic activity, when evaluated by capillary electrophoresis analysis, demonstrated that the consumption substrate oxalyl-CoA was regulated by a product inhibition of the enzyme. These findings suggest a potential role for Bifidobacterium in the intestinal degradation of oxalate.