Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The U-shaped Distribution of Globular Cluster-specific Frequencies in a Biased Globular Cluster Formation Scenario

Using high-resolution numerical simulations, we investigate mass- and luminosity-normalized specific frequencies (TN and SN, respectively) of globular cluster systems (GCSs) in order to understand the origin of the observed U-shaped relation between SN and the V-band magnitude (MV) of their host galaxies. We adopt a biased GC formation scenario in which GC formation is truncated in galaxy halos that are virialized at a later redshift, ztrun. TN is derived for galaxies with present-day GCs and converted into SN for reasonable galaxy mass-to-light ratios (M/L). We find that TN depends on halo mass (Mh) in the sense that TN can be larger in more massive halos with Mh > 109 M☉, if ztrun is as high as 15. However, we find that the dependence is too weak to explain the observed SN-MV relation and the wide range of SN in low-mass early-type galaxies with -20.5 mag < MV < -16.0 mag for a reasonable constant M/L. The MV dependence of SN for the low-mass galaxies can be well reproduced, if the mass-to-light ratio Mh/LV ∝ M, where α is as steep as -1. Based on these results, we propose that the origin of the observed U-shaped SN-MV relation of GCSs can be understood in terms of the bimodality in the dependence of Mh/LV on Mh of their host galaxies. We also suggest that the observed large dispersion in SN in low-mass galaxies is due partly to the large dispersion in TN.
[Management of myocardial infarction in Spain in the year 2000. The PRIAMHO II study].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hospital registries are useful tools to measure the degree of implementation of new treatments and clinical practice guidelines. PATIENTS AND METHOD The hospital registry described here was developed in the prospective PRIAMHO II study, which involved a random selection of Spanish hospitals with a coronary intensive care unit and external quality control. This study investigated patients admitted to the coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, as well as the management, clinical course and survival after 28 days and one year. RESULTS From May 15 to December 15 2000 we included in the registry 6,221 patients from the 58 hospitals that complied with the quality control requirements (71.6% of all participating hospitals). Acute mortality was 9.6%; 28-day and one-year mortality were 11.4% and 16.5%, respectively. Of the patients with ST elevation-myocardial infarction of less than 12 hours' duration, 71.6% were reperfused and 89.3% received fibrinolysis with a median door-to-needle time of 48 minutes. Ejection fraction was measured in 81% of the patients, and 43% were tested for inducible ischemia. About nine-tenths (91%) of the patients were discharged on least one antiplatelet drug, 56% on a beta blocker, 45% on an ACE inhibitor, and 45% on a lipid-lowering agent, with a coefficient of variation between hospitals greater than 25% for the last three drugs. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of patients with ST elevation treated with reperfusion should increase, as it probably will thanks to the increasing use of primary angioplasty. The door-to-needle time was longer than the recommended interval. In-hospital risk stratification was good but nonsystematic for the evaluation of ejection fraction, and unsatisfactory for inducible ischemia testing. At discharge the percentages of patients receiving beta blockers, ACE inhibitors and statins were not optimal, and there were wide variations in prescribing practices between hospitals.
Robust Tracking of Objects through Turbulence

Long range surveillance videos are often distorted by random perturbations of the optical pathways caused by atmospheric turbulence. While humans can easily perceive and separate the moving objects from the turbulent motion, it is still a challenge for vision systems. In this paper, we present a near real-time approach to detecting moving objects in the presence of turbulence. As a first step, our method learns the dynamics of the latent turbulence and extracts an approximate foreground. Statistical analysis of the foreground object properties is used to eliminate noise due to turbulence preserving only the true moving objects. Our approach also results in a stable background with minimal turbulence. We tested our method on a wide range of scenarios corrupted by various levels of turbulence. Compared with state of the art, our results are quite promising.
Chronic recurrent Gorham-Stout syndrome with cutaneous involvement

Type IV osteolysis or Gorham-Stout syndrome is a rare condition characterized by recurrent vascular tumors that disrupt normal anatomical architecture. Gorham-Stout syndrome is most commonly associated with the skeletal system with resulting replacement of bone with scar tissue following tumor regression. The loss of entire bones has given Gorham-Stout syndrome the moniker vanishing bone disease. Natural progression of Gorham-Stout syndrome is characterized by spontaneous disease resolution. However, rare variants of recurrent, progressive, and/or systemic disease have been reported. We present a patient with a history of recurrent Gorham- Stout disease refractory to all treatment options considered. In addition to skeletal disease, our patient had soft tissue and cutaneous involvement, thus reflecting the more aggressive disease variant. Previous surgical attempts to control disease had been ineffective and the patient was referred to us for radiation therapy. Treatment with external beam radiation therapy resulted in good local control and symptom palliation, but full disease resolution was never accomplished. In addition to presentation of this patient, a review of the literature on etiological hypotheses and past/future treatment options was conducted and is included.
Designing Security Architecture for a P2P Video Conference System

More and more modern group oriented collaborative applications use the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm to be independent of expensive infrastructures as they are, for instance, provided for audio and video conferences by H.323 systems. Decentralized collaborative P2P solutions require appropriate mechanisms to protect group privacy and data integrity. A centralized client/ server based video conference system can be well shielded in a standard manner, whilst there are no off-the-shelf approaches to securing a P2P video conference up to now. This paper addresses this urgent issue by presenting an effective and flexible security architecture and showing how it can be embedded into a P2P video conferencing system using the BRA VIS system [4] as an example.
Are Bureaucrats Really Paid Like Bureaucrats?

Traditionally, bureaucrats have been viewed as a stereotypical example of employees with flat pay schedules and low-powered incentive schemes. This paper challenges that view by providing evidence that the wages of a particular group of senior bureaucrats - city managers - are tightly connected to their performance as measured by city growth. Additional tests indicate that these results reflect reward for performance, rather than rent extraction, as exogenous shocks to city growth do not affect city managers’ wage. First, I show that the salaries of city managers do not react to observable exogenous shocks to city performance. Next, I demonstrate that performance affects city managers’ wages not only in the city in which they are currently employed, but also in the city in which they work afterwards. Finally, I find that in cities with council-manager forms of government, the wages of mayors - who do not play important roles in running the cities with council-manager form of government - are not sensitive to city performance.
Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling-6 Promotes Neurite Outgrowth via JAK2/STAT5-Mediated Signalling Pathway, Involving Negative Feedback Inhibition

Background Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) protein family are key regulators of cellular responses to cytokines and play an important role in the nervous system. The SOCS6 protein, a less extensively studied SOCS family member, has been shown to induce insulin resistance in the retina and promote survival of the retinal neurons. But no reports are available about the role of SOCS6 in neuritogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of SOCS6 in neurite outgrowth and neuronal cell signalling. Methodology/Principal Findings The effect of SOCS6 in neural stem cells differentiation was studied in neural stem cells and PC12 cell line. Highly elevated levels of SOCS6 were found upon neural cell differentiation both at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, SOCS6 over-expression lead to increase in neurite outgrowth and degree of branching, whereas SOCS6 knockdown with specific siRNAs, lead to a significant decrease in neurite initiation and extension. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation which enhanced neurite outgrowth of neural cells resulted in further enhancement of SOCS6 expression. Jak/Stat (Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription) pathway was found to be involved in the SOCS6 mediated neurite outgrowth. Bioinformatics study revealed presence of putative Stat binding sites in the SOCS6 promoter region. Transcription factors Stat5a and Stat5b were involved in SOCS6 gene upregulation leading to neuronal differentiation. Following differentiation, SOCS6 was found to form a ternary complex with IGFR (Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor) and JAK2 which acted in a negative feedback loop to inhibit pStat5 activation. Conclusion/Significance The current paradigm for the first time states that SOCS6, a SOCS family member, plays an important role in the process of neuronal differentiation. These findings define a novel molecular mechanism for Jak2/Stat5 mediated SOCS6 signalling.
Space-Time Relativity in Self-Motion Reproduction Abbreviated title: Perceptual space-time relativity

Experiments on reproducing imposed self-motion showed that not only final distance or angle of motion, but also the temporal profile are reproduced. Reproduction errors have been attributed to sensory inputs, inaccurate memorization of the motion variable, or motor errors. However, another possible source of error has so far been neglected. The internal time base for path integration or movement memorization may be distorted, and thus not reflect physical time. Since additional cognitive load has previously been shown to affect subjective estimation of duration, we used a dual task paradigm during either the stimulation or reproduction phase of three different movement reproduction tasks. We asked subjects 1) on a rotating chair to reproduce imposed passive whole body rotations by controlling the chair with a joystick, 2) on a treadmill to actively reproduce locomotion with respect to the treadmill, and 3) while blindfolded to reproduce a previously walked straight trajectory. The cognitive load changed the distance of reproduced self-motion by about 25% depending on whether the mental task was performed while experiencing or reproducing the motion. While imposed velocity was reproduced accurately in all conditions, reproduced movement duration was affected in the same way as distance. This result implies that for the perception of distance traveled, perceptual space and time are closely interrelated. The findings are consistent with shared processing of temporal and spatial information. A computational model of motion reproduction including a discrete path integrator is proposed that is able to explain the experimental results within one coherent framework. Page 2 of 46
Suitability of modelled and remotely sensed essential climate variables for monitoring Euro-Mediterranean droughts

Abstract. Two new remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) and surface soil moisture (SSM) satellite-derived products are compared with two sets of simulations of the ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms (ORCHIDEE) and Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere, CO2-reactive (ISBA-A-gs) land surface models. We analyse the interannual variability over the period 1991–2008. The leaf onset and the length of the vegetation growing period (LGP) are derived from both the satellite-derived LAI and modelled LAI. The LGP values produced by the photosynthesis-driven phenology model of ISBA-A-gs are closer to the satellite-derived LAI and LGP than those produced by ORCHIDEE. In the latter, the phenology is based on a growing degree day model for leaf onset, and on both climatic conditions and leaf life span for senescence. Further, the interannual variability of LAI is better captured by ISBA-A-gs than by ORCHIDEE. In order to investigate how recent droughts affected vegetation over the Euro-Mediterranean area, a case study addressing the summer 2003 drought is presented. It shows a relatively good agreement of the modelled LAI anomalies with the observations, but the two models underestimate plant regrowth in the autumn. A better representation of the root-zone soil moisture profile could improve the simulations of both models. The satellite-derived SSM is compared with SSM simulations of ISBA-A-gs only, as ORCHIDEE has no explicit representation of SSM. Overall, the ISBA-A-gs simulations of SSM agree well with the satellite-derived SSM and are used to detect regions where the satellite-derived product could be improved. Finally, a correspondence is found between the interannual variability of detrended SSM and LAI. The predictability of LAI is less pronounced using remote sensing observations than using simulated variables. However, consistent results are found in July for the croplands of the Ukraine and southern Russia.
Methods of Statistical Data Compression

A forming apparatus for cutting and forming tubing, which apparatus has a tubing-advancing drive unit associated therewith for engaging the tubing and intermittently feeding it into the apparatus, and a coil stand positioned adjacent the apparatus for permitting elongate flexible tubing to be intermittently supplied thereto. The coil stand includes a frame mounting thereon a shaft, and a reel supported on the shaft and being rotatable about the axis thereof. The reel includes a pair of end flanges which confine a coil of tubing therebetween, which tubing as unwound from the reel is led therefrom into the forming apparatus wherein it is engaged by the drive unit thereof. A drive means is engageable with the reel to initiate rotation thereof in an unwinding direction to permit feeding of tubing from the reel to the apparatus, which drive means is automatically disengaged from the reel after a selected interval to permit continued free rotation of the reel in the unwinding direction.
Sarcoidosis: Immunopathogenesis and Immunological Markers

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder invariably affecting the lungs. It is a disease with noteworthy variations in clinical manifestation and disease outcome and has been described as an “immune paradox” with peripheral anergy despite exaggerated inflammation at disease sites. Despite extensive research, sarcoidosis remains a disease with undetermined aetiology. Current evidence supports the notion that the immune response in sarcoidosis is driven by a putative antigen in a genetically susceptible individual. Unfortunately, there currently exists no reliable biomarker to delineate the disease severity and prognosis. As such, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis remains a vexing clinical challenge. In this review, we outline the immunological features of sarcoidosis, discuss the evidence for and against various candidate etiological agents (infective and noninfective), describe the exhaled breath condensate, a novel method of identifying immunological biomarkers, and suggest other possible immunological biomarkers to better characterise the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
A Kalman filter powered by H2 ‐matrices for quasi‐continuous data assimilation problems

Continuously tracking the movement of a fluid or a plume in the subsurface is a challenge that is often encountered in applications, such as tracking a plume of injected CO2 or of a hazardous substance. Advances in monitoring techniques have made it possible to collect measurements at a high frequency while the plume moves, which has the potential advantage of providing continuous high‐resolution images of fluid flow with the aid of data processing. However, the applicability of this approach is limited by the high computational cost associated with having to analyze large data sets within the time constraints imposed by real‐time monitoring. Existing data assimilation methods have computational requirements that increase superlinearly with the size of the unknowns m. In this paper, we present the HiKF, a new Kalman filter (KF) variant powered by the hierarchical matrix approach that dramatically reduces the computational and storage cost of the standard KF from O(m2) to O(m) , while producing practically the same results. The version of HiKF that is presented here takes advantage of the so‐called random walk dynamical model, which is tailored to a class of data assimilation problems in which measurements are collected quasi‐continuously. The proposed method has been applied to a realistic CO2 injection model and compared with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Numerical results show that HiKF can provide estimates that are more accurate than EnKF and also demonstrate the usefulness of modeling the system dynamics as a random walk in this context.
Stochastic duty cycling for heterogenous energy harvesting networks

In recent years, there have been several kinds of energy harvesting networks containing some tiny devices, such as ambient backscatter [1], ring [2] and renewable sensor networks [3]. During the energy harvesting, the networks suffer from the energy heterogeneity, dynamics and prediction hardness because the access to natural resources is often spatiotemporal different and timely changing among the devices. Meanwhile, the charging efficiency is quite low especially when the power of the harvested energy is weak. It results in the energy waste to store the harvested energy indirectly. These features bring challenging and interesting issues on efficient allocation of the harvested energy. This paper studies the stochastic duty cycling by considering these features with the objective characterized by maximizing the common active time. We consider two cases: offline and online stochastic duty cycling. For the offline case, we design an optimal solution: offline duty cycling algorithm. For the online case, we design an online duty cycling algorithm, which achieves the approximation ratio with at least equation where γ is the probability able to harvest energy. We also evaluate our algorithms with the experiment on a real energy harvesting network. The experiment results show that the performance of the online algorithm can be very close to the offline algorithm.
Trends in Antibiotic Resistance Genes Occurrence in the Haihe River , China

Y I L U O , † D A Q I N G M A O , ‡ M I C H A L R Y S Z , § Q I X I N G Z H O U , † H O N G J I E Z H A N G , ‡ L I N X U , † A N D P E D R O J . J . A L V A R E Z * , | Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China, GSI Environmental Inc., 2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77098, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, MS 519, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892
Behavioural and Physiological Responses of Gammarus pulex Exposed to Cadmium and Arsenate at Three Temperatures: Individual and Combined Effects

This study aimed at investigating both the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenate (AsV) on the physiology and behaviour of the Crustacean Gammarus pulex at three temperatures (5, 10 and15°C). G. pulex was exposed during 96 h to (i) two [Cd] alone, (ii) two [AsV] alone, and (iii) four combinations of [Cd] and [AsV] to obtain a complete factorial plane. After exposure, survival, [AsV] or [Cd] in body tissues, behavioural (ventilatory and locomotor activities) and physiological responses (iono-regulation of [Na+] and [Cl−] in haemolymph) were examined. The interactive effects (antagonistic, additive or synergistic) of binary mixtures were evaluated for each tested temperature using a predictive model for the theoretically expected interactive effect of chemicals. In single metal exposure, both the internal metal concentration in body tissues and the mortality rate increased along metallic gradient concentration. Cd alone significantly impaired both [Na+] and [Cl−] while AsV alone had a weak impact only on [Cl−]. The behavioural responses of G. pulex declined with increasing metal concentration suggesting a reallocation of energy from behavioural responses to maintenance functions. The interaction between AsV and Cd was considered as ‘additive’ for all the tested binary mixtures and temperatures (except for the lowest combination at 10°C considered as “antagonistic”). In binary mixtures, the decrease in both ventilatory and locomotor activities and the decline in haemolymphatic [Cl−] were amplified when respectively compared to those observed with the same concentrations of AsV or Cd alone. However, the presence of AsV decreased the haemolymphatic [Na+] loss when G. pulex was exposed to the lowest Cd concentration. Finally, the observed physiological and behavioural effects (except ventilation) in G. pulex exposed to AsV and/or Cd were exacerbated under the highest temperature. The discussion encompasses both the toxicity mechanisms of these metals and their interaction with rising temperature.
Cloud Computing for Network Security Intrusion Detection System

In recent years, as a new distributed computing model, cloud computing has developed rapidly and become the focus of academia and industry. But now the security issue of cloud computing is a main critical problem of most enterprise customers faced. In the current network environment, that relying on a single terminal to check the Trojan virus is considered increasingly unreliable. This paper analyzes the characteristics of current cloud computing, and then proposes a comprehensive real-time network risk evaluation model for cloud computing based on the correspondence between the artificial immune system antibody and pathogen invasion intensity. The paper also combines assets evaluation system and network integration evaluation system, considering from the application layer, the host layer, network layer may be factors that affect the network risks. The experimental results show that this model improves the ability of intrusion detection and can support for the security of current cloud computing.