Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of creep feeding, zeranol implants and breed type on beef production: II. Reproductive development and fat deposition in heifers.

Effects of preweaning creep feeding and zeranol implants on reproductive tract development and udder and s.c. fat deposition were studied in 24 weanling heifers (7 mo of age) with Brahman and Romana Red sires and Angus and Angus x Brown Swiss F1 reciprocal crossbred dams. Creep treatment did not affect (P greater than .19) ovarian weight, ovarian size, uterine horn diameter or follicle number. Heifers from the three creep treatments did not differ (P greater than .25) in udder weight, total lipid or percentage of lipid in the udder. Noncreep-fed (NC) heifers had a greater (P less than .02) number of adipocytes/gram of udder tissue than did the long-term creep-fed (LC) and short-term creep-fed (SC) heifers. The LC heifers had larger udder (166.0 vs 152.7 m) and s.c. adipocytes (166.7 vs 148.8 m) than NC heifers. Heifers implanted with zeranol at 56 and 146 d of age had a greater (P less than .03) uterine horn diameter and heavier (P less than .02) uterine weight than unimplanted heifers. Percentage of lipid in the udder was lower (P less than .02) in heifers implanted with zeranol. Implanted heifers had smaller (P less than .10) s.c. adipocytes than unimplanted heifers. Breed of dam did not effect (P greater than .17) development of the reproductive tract of weanling heifers. Heifers from Angus dams had smaller (P less than .08) udders and less (P less than .10) total fat in the udder than those from F1 dams, and the heifers from F1 dams tended (P less than .12) to have larger udder adipocytes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Making customer relationship management work: evidence from the banking industry in Taiwan

Soon after becoming a WTO member, Taiwan found the internationalisation and liberalisation in the financial industry ushered its domestic banks into a new era. In response to this global trend, all its banks strove to rely on customer relationship management (CRM) to enhance customer value (CV). This study aims to probe further into the connection between CV and CRM. A series of examinations revealed that (1) both functional and social value impact customer behaviour directly and positively; (2) customer satisfaction positively and directly affects customer loyalty; (3) a positive and direct relationship exists between customer loyalty and customer behaviour; and (4) the positive and significant relationship between CV and customer behaviour can be developed through mediators such as customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Consequently, banks should offer their customers different services, products, and marketing channels to meet their diversified needs to cultivate a win-win environment of CRM for both parties.
Regional Development

This article addresses regional development in a con tested society, examining the extent to which the main region al strategies in Northern Ireland form an integrated approach to resolving not only the structural weaknesses in the economy, but also the outcomes of the socio-spatial segregation attendant upon the ethno-nationalist conflict. From this analysis, it proposes a model of regional development that transcends the traditional ‘auction’ approach, whereby sub-regions view themselves as rivals in bids for development opportunities. The argument is advanced that the twinning of the processes of regeneration and reconciliation is essential to long-term progress.
The Effects of Changes in PaCO2 Cerebral Blood Volume, Blood Flow, and Vascular Mean Transit Time

The relationships between cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and the cerebral vascular mean transit time (t®v) during acute changes in the PaCO2 over a range of 15 to 76 torr were investigated in vivo in rhesus monkeys by serially determining the mean transit time of a vascular tracer, 15O-labeled carboxyhemoglobin, and the mean transit time of a diffusible tracer, 15O-labeled water. Over this range of PaCO2, a significant linear relationship of CBV = 0.041 PaCO2 + 2.0 was found. For each one torr change in PaCO2, there is a change in CBV of 0.041 ml/100 gm of perfused tissue. At a normocarbic value of PaCO2 (∼37 torr), an average value of 3.5 ml/100 gm was found. A nonlinear relationship of CBV and CBF was found. This relationship is expressed in the equation, CBV = 0.80 CBF0.38. A significant linear relationship was found between CBF and PaCO2. This was described by the equation, CBF = 1.8 PaCO2 − 16.75. For each one torr change in the PaCO2, there is a 1.8 ml/100 gm per minute change in the CBF. At a normocarbic value of PaCO2(∼37 torr), an average value of CBF of 50 ml/100 gm per minute was found. The relationship of CBV and t®v was nonlinear and was expressed in the equation, t®C15O = 41 CBF−0.62.
The Denatured State Dictates the Topology of Two Proteins with Almost Identical Sequence but Different Native Structure and Function*

The protein folding problem is often studied by comparing the mechanisms of proteins sharing the same structure but different sequence. The recent design of the two proteins GA88 and GB88, displaying different structures and functions while sharing 88% sequence identity (49 out of 56 amino acids), allows the unique opportunity for a complementary approach. At which stage of its folding pathway does a protein commit to a given topology? Which residues are crucial in directing folding mechanisms to a given structure? By using a combination of biophysical and computational techniques, we have characterized the folding of both GA88 and GB88. We show that, contrary to expectation, GB88, characterized by a native α+β fold, displays in the denatured state a content of native-like helical structure greater than GA88, which is all-α in its native state. Both experiments and simulations indicate that such residual structure may be tuned by changing pH. Thus, despite the high sequence identity, the folding pathways for these two proteins appear to diverge as early as in the denatured state. Our results suggest a mechanism whereby protein topology is committed very early along the folding pathway, being imprinted in the residual structure of the denatured state.
The Effect of Accounting Education and National Culture on Accounting Judgments: A Comparative Study of Anglo-Celtic and Chinese Culture

Countries adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) need to educate and train their professional accountants so that they are able to interpret and apply IFRS in a consistent manner. This study examines the effect of national culture and education on the judgments of Australian (Anglo-Celtic) and Chinese final year undergraduate accounting students in Australia. It seeks to understand whether culture influences student interpretation and application of uncertainty expressions, which are used as recognition and disclosure thresholds in IFRS. Results obtained on the cultural dimensions of Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism, Power Distance, Masculinity and Long-Term Orientation provide evidence that Chinese students exhibit greater conservatism and secrecy compared to Australian students. The results of the study indicate that national culture has a significant effect on the judgments of accounting students when interpreting and applying selected IFRS containing uncertainty expressions. The results also imply that educational similarity does not moderate the effect of culture in influencing the judgments of accounting students. An important implication of the study is that regulators and standard-setters involved in the international convergence of accounting standards need to pay greater attention to cultural factors that may result in a difference in the interpretation and application of IFRS.
Mercury: The Good, the Bad, and the Export Ban

We analyze the bipartisan call to ban US exports of commodity mercury. An export ban can generate positive environmental benefits by increasing the scarcity of mercury in developing economies where significant toxic releases occur. We show, however, that a direct mercury purchase and retirement policy can achieve the same foreign environmental goals without adverse impacts on domestic environmental quality. We present qualitative and quantitative evidence that highlight the potential inefficiencies of a mercury export ban as a method of achieving environmental objectives.
The Value of Diffusing Information

How does the speed by which information diffuses affect its value to a stock market investor? In a structural model solved in closed-form, this speed has two opposing effects on the empirically dominant term of the value of information. Faster-diffusing information means quicker and less noisy profits, but, also increases competing informed trading, impounding more information into prices and eroding profits. Structural empirical analysis of stock market reaction to drug approvals using media coverage as a proxy for the transmission rate of information finds that the value of information is hump-shaped in its future transmission rate. Moreover, the estimated amount of noise trading is small.
Optimal Monetary Policy and Imperfect Financial Markets: A Case for Negative Nominal Interest Rates?

type="main" xml:id="ecin12244-abs-0001"> This article studies optimal monetary policy in a model with credit frictions and money demand. We show that augmenting a standard New Keynesian model with money demand and financial frictions generates a mechanism that, in equilibrium, gives rise to optimal negative nominal interest rates. In addition, we find that the tighter credit markets are, the lower the optimal nominal policy interest rate and the more likely it is to be negative. Quantitatively, when credit constraints are binding, a standard calibration of the model generates an optimal nominal policy interest rate that is roughly −4% annually. (JEL E31, E41, E43, E44, E52, E58)
Training and Development impact on Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan

The study objective is to investigate the relationship between the training and development strategies and its impact on organizational performance. To quantify this relationship, primary data was collected. The regression analysis was done on the employees of oil and gas sector of Pakistan. The finding of the study revealed the situation of training and development in Pakistan and showed that majority of the employees satisfied with the strategic TD Niazi, 2011). Performance of an organization is defined as how effective and efficient managers use organizational resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals and objectives. Ideally, the more employees are trained and are satisfied with their work and environmental conditions, the more they can help enhance their organizations' performance. The resource based view theory supported that any training designed for the organization is based on the creation of values and enhancing the capabilities for continued organization performance (Barney, 1991). In Pakistan the recent changes in the policies of trades and the globalization surrounded by fierce competition, the oil and gas sector being the largest distributor in GDP renewing and re-emphasizing their focus on training and development. There is continues hike in the demand of oil and gas in Pakistan being a developing country. Problem statement In this scenario, this study sought to analyze the impact of employee training and development on the oil and gas sector performance. Objectives of the study The objective if the study is to check the impact of training and development on the organizational performance particularly in the oil and gas sector of Pakistan. The oil and gas sector was selected as being the major industry acts as the backbone of the Pakistan's economy where there is much opportunity of foreign investment. Applied aspects The significance of the study is broadly classified in to two parts. In practical HRM the study will help the managers to understand the impact of training and development on employees and to make policies accordingly. Whereas at theoretical level, it helps to design policies and strategies about training and development of employees, which ultimately effect the organizational performance. The data collected from the oil and gas sector of Pakistan which leads towards developing understanding of oil and gas sector performance.
The Influence of Materialism on Consumer Preferences: A Conjoint Analysis Approach

This study examined how materialistic beliefs influence consumer preferences and the relative importance of purchase attributes. Materialism was measured using the Richins and Dawson material values scale and its subscales. A conjoint analysis model was employed to measure consumer preferences. Seventy university students completed a conjoint analysis task where they were asked to order, based on personal preference, 12 stimulus cards representing a series of unique hypothetical purchases that varied according to monetary value, brand prestige, and tangibility. Correlation analysis was performed on the results of the materialism values scale, part-worth utilities and relative attribute importance scores generated by the conjoint analysis. Results of the study supported the notion that stronger materialistic beliefs are positively associated with a greater preference for material purchases and negatively associated with experiential purchases. A less impressive association between materialism measures and brand prestige was found as well. Monetary value preferences were not associated with materialism. Tangibility and monetary purchase attributes were not associated with materialism, however, a significant positive association between brand prestige and materialism was observed. These findings suggest that materialism is associated with tangibility and prestige preferences, as well as with an increased concern with prestige as an attribute of a purchase.
Why Does the Earth Spin Forward?

The spins of the terrestrial planets likely arose as the planets formed by the accretion of planetesimals. Depending on the masses of the impactors, the planet's final spin can either be imparted by many small bodies (ordered accretion), in which case the spin is determined by the mean angular momentum of the impactors, or by a few large bodies (stochastic accretion), in which case the spin is a random variable whose distribution is determined by the root-mean-square angular momentum of the impactors. In the case of ordered accretion, the planet's obliquity is expected to be near 0� or 180�, whereas, if accretion is stochastic, there should be a wide range of obliquities. Analytic arguments and extensive orbital integrations are used to calculate the expected distributions of spin rate and obliquity as a function of the planetesimal mass and velocity distributions. The results imply that the spins of the terrestrial planets are determined by stochastic accretion.
Role of Institutional Quality in Determining the R&D Investment of Chinese Firms

This study adds to the understanding of China's innovation prospects by examining how variations in institutional quality within China impact on the R&D efforts of firms located in different provincial regions. In the process of identifying the effect of institutional quality, the roles of other factors such as ownership types and market structures are revealed, which provides interesting insight into firms' R&D behavior. The key findings suggest that institutional quality positively affects the decision of firms to engage in R&D activities. Once firms start to engage in R&D, the subsequent expansion of firm-level R&D intensity depends on factors such as market structure. Therefore, strengthening domestic institutional quality is the first critical step towards the goal of building a knowledge-intensive economy in China. Efforts to nurture market development are also important for achieving this goal.
An Asymptotic Theory for Estimating Beta‐Pricing Models Using Cross‐Sectional Regression

Without the assumption of conditional homoskedasticity, a general asymptotic distribution theory for the two-stage cross-sectional regression method shows that the standard errors produced by the Fama-MacBeth procedure do not necessarily overstate the precision of the risk premium estimates. When factors are misspecified, estimators for risk premiums can be biased, and the "t"-value of a premium may converge to infinity in probability even when the true premium is zero. However, when a beta-pricing model is misspecified, the "t"-values for firm characteristics generally converge to infinity in probability, which supports the use of firm characteristics in cross-sectional regressions for detecting model misspecification. Copyright The American Finance Association 1998.
Housing Abandonment in Inner Cities-The Politics of Low Demand for Housing

Abandonment of property in all housing tenures is a problem in some British inner cities, especially in the north of England. The paper outlines the causes of this phenomenon and describes some of the social problems that arise in areas containing significant quantities of abandoned property. A principal underlying cause of abandonment is low demand creating, initially, voids and vacancies in the dwelling stock and ultimately housing abandonment. The paper considers the relationship between empty stock and abandonment particularly in the social housing sector. It reviews the US and UK literature and concludes that the UK literature and research agenda is deficient in its analysis of the problem of abandonment. The paper then explores evidence of the source of the abandonment problem in the low demand for housing in some parts of the country, particularly those affected by industrial collapse. Abandonment is also explained as a case of policy failure particularly due to the housing subsidy system and the c.
Safety of Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs Versus Regular Human Insulin

Abstract: Insulin is the most effective treatment for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are several differences in the safety profiles of each type of insulin, including rapid-acting insulin analogs and regular human insulin. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of those insulin types also differ, as do their safety parameters. Treatment with rapid-acting analogs results in less hypoglycemia overall and decreased frequency of both severe and nocturnal hypoglycemia. In addition, the more rapid onset and shorter duration of action of rapid-acting insulin analogs are associated with greater control of postprandial glucose than regular human insulin. This review will describe the similarities and differences between the safety profiles of rapid-acting insulin analogs.
Wellness: Its Impact on Student Grades and Implications for Business

Personal wellness, manifested as physical, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, social, environmental, and occupational dimensions, are discussed in a hospitality business context. Each dimension is analyzed as to its importance to student success, as measured by grade point average (GPA), and its implications for employee productivity and corporate profitability. University students tracked and reported how they spent their time relative to these seven dimensions over a 2-week period. Physical, social, environmental, and occupational dimensions all affect a student's GPA. Whereas wellness is as much habitual as it is learned, the authors make a case for wellness education in hospitality programs. Moreover, there is evidence to support a relationship between wellness and both individual and corporate values.
SO2-Release Performances of Sulphite Microparticles under Different Relative Humidity: SO2-Release Performance

In this investigation, the water-soluble sulphite was encapsulated using ethylcellulose phase separation and then ethylcellulose microcapsules were used as core material to prepare dual coated microparticles using melting scattered condensation method. Morphology of microencapsulation was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Release profiles of SO2 from sulphite microparticles were also studied. The results showed that the rates of SO2 released from microparticles were not only affected by varying the type, but also by the relative humidity in the microenvironment around microencapsulated powder, which was greatly accelerated with increasing the relative humidity.
Venture Capitalists' Assessment of New Venture Survival

This study investigates whether VCs' assessment policies of new venture survival are consistent with those arising from the strategy literature (using two established strategy perspectives). Strategy scholars suggest the nature of the markets, competition, and decisions made by the management team affect a new venture's survival chances. The findings demonstrate that VCs' assessment policies are predominantly consistent with those proposed by strategy scholars-providing insight into why VCs consider certain criteria in their assessment of new venture survival as well as why some criteria are more important in their assessment than others. Through this increased understanding of venture capitalists' decision making, entrepreneurs seeking capital may be better able to address their requests for funding to those criteria venture capitalists find most critical to the survival of a new venture. Venture capitalists may use these findings to better understand their own decision making process, which, in turn, provides the opportunity to increase evaluation efficiency.
Consumer perceptions of foreign fast food restaurants in an emerging market

This study empirically examines Pakistani consumer perceptions of foreign fast food restaurants. The objective of this study was to understand multinational restaurant consumer behaviour in Pakistan and draw managerial implications for international fast food marketers and operators of Pakistani restaurants. The findings were based on a sample of 410 respondents. The attributes of a fast food restaurant, identified through factor analysis, comprised quality, cleanliness and comfort, ambience, childcare, presentation and healthiness, location and price, staff service and staff outlook. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to understand consumer perceptions by demographics and other variables. Analysis revealed that age, gender, marital status, education, household size, income and occupation and price influence the ratings of attributes for restaurant selection. Results showed size of household, age and occupation were also factors in determining frequency of patronage. The findings were compared with earlier studies conducted in the USA, South Korea, Saudi Arabia and India.
Capital Structure, Staggered Boards, and Firm Value

Grounded in agency theory, this study investigates whether staggered boards (in which only a portion of directors are elected at one time) influence capital structure choices. Leverage has been argued and shown to alleviate agency costs. Because staggered boards can entrench inefficient managers, they may motivate managers to adopt a lower level of debt, thereby avoiding the disciplinary mechanisms associated with leverage. The empirical evidence supports this hypothesis, showing that firms with a staggered board are significantly less leveraged than those with unitary boards (in which all board members are elected at one time). The impact of staggered boards on capital structure choices exists both in industrial and regulated firms although it seems to vanish after enactment of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002. The results show that staggered boards are likely to bring about, and do not merely reflect, lower leverage. Finally, the results demonstrate no significant adverse impact on firm value as a result .