Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of TCP and UDP Interaction for the AF PHB

This informational draft presents results of a study on using different drop precedence assignments to address fairness issues when UDP and TCP traffic share the same Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB class. In particular, five different possible combinations of drop precedence assignment were explored with two different models of RED parameter settings. We present results showing that the type of RED model utilized can play a role in the nature of bandwidth sharing between TCP and UDP flows. The results also show that with the current four Class, three Drop Precedence AF specification, fairness between TCP and UDP in an under-provisioned network cannot be completely achieved by using separate drop precedence marking. Certain drop precedence mapping schemes are beneficial to TCP while others are beneficial for UDP. None are completely fair to both. The pdf version of this document is available at: http://www7.nortel. com:8080/CTL/draft-nsbnpp-diffserv-tcpudpaf-00.pdf
Attentional Selection of Feature Conjunctions Is Accomplished by Parallel and Independent Selection of Single Features

Experiments that study feature-based attention have often examined situations in which selection is based on a single feature (e.g., the color red). However, in more complex situations relevant stimuli may not be set apart from other stimuli by a single defining property but by a specific combination of features. Here, we examined sustained attentional selection of stimuli defined by conjunctions of color and orientation. Human observers attended to one out of four concurrently presented superimposed fields of randomly moving horizontal or vertical bars of red or blue color to detect brief intervals of coherent motion. Selective stimulus processing in early visual cortex was assessed by recordings of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) elicited by each of the flickering fields of stimuli. We directly contrasted attentional selection of single features and feature conjunctions and found that SSVEP amplitudes on conditions in which selection was based on a single feature only (color or orientation) exactly predicted the magnitude of attentional enhancement of SSVEPs when attending to a conjunction of both features. Furthermore, enhanced SSVEP amplitudes elicited by attended stimuli were accompanied by equivalent reductions of SSVEP amplitudes elicited by unattended stimuli in all cases. We conclude that attentional selection of a feature-conjunction stimulus is accomplished by the parallel and independent facilitation of its constituent feature dimensions in early visual cortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ability to perceive the world is limited by the brain's processing capacity. Attention affords adaptive behavior by selectively prioritizing processing of relevant stimuli based on their features (location, color, orientation, etc.). We found that attentional mechanisms for selection of different features belonging to the same object operate independently and in parallel: concurrent attentional selection of two stimulus features is simply the sum of attending to each of those features separately. This result is key to understanding attentional selection in complex (natural) scenes, where relevant stimuli are likely to be defined by a combination of stimulus features.
The Cdc14p phosphatase affects late cell-cycle events and morphogenesis in Candida albicans

We have characterized the CDC14 gene, which encodes a dual-specificity protein phosphatase in Candida albicans, and demonstrated that its deletion results in defects in cell separation, mitotic exit and morphogenesis. The C. albicans cdc14Δ mutants formed large aggregates of cells that resembled those found in ace2-null strains. In cdc14Δ cells, expression of Ace2p target genes was reduced and Ace2p did not accumulate specifically in daughter nuclei. Taken together, these results imply that Cdc14p is required for the activation and daughter-specific nuclear accumulation of Ace2p. Consistent with a role in cell separation, Cdc14p was targeted to the septum region during the M-G1 transition in yeast-form cells. Interestingly, hypha-inducing signals abolished the translocation of Cdc14p to the division plate, and this regulation depended on the cyclin Hgc1p, since hgc1Δ mutants were able to accumulate Cdc14p in the septum region of the germ tubes. In addition to its role in cytokinesis, Cdc14p regulated mitotic exit, since synchronous cultures of cdc14Δ cells exhibited a severe delay in the destruction of the mitotic cyclin Clb2p. Finally, deletion of CDC14 resulted in decreased invasion of solid agar medium and impaired true hyphal growth.
Topic-Based Embeddings for Learning from Large Knowledge Graphs

We present a scalable probabilistic framework for learning from multi-relational data, given in form of entity-relation-entity triplets, with a potentially massive number of entities and relations (e.g., in multirelational networks, knowledge bases, etc.). We dene each triplet via a relation-specic bilinear function of the embeddings of entities associated with it (these embeddings correspond to \topics"). To handle massive number of relations and the data sparsity problem (very few observations per relation), we also extend this model to allow sharing of parameters across relations, which leads to a substantial reduction in the number of parameters to be learned. In addition to yielding excellent predictive performance (e.g., for knowledge base completion tasks), the interpretability of our topic-based embedding framework enables easy qualitative analyses. Computational cost of our models scales in the number of positive triplets, which makes it easy to scale to massive realworld multi-relational data sets, which are usually extremely sparse. We develop simpleto-implement batch as well as online Gibbs sampling algorithms and demonstrate the effectiveness of our models on tasks such as multi-relational link-prediction, and learning from large knowledge bases.
Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies

Objective To summarise evidence on the association between intake of dietary sugars and body weight in adults and children. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. Data sources OVID Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and Web of Science (up to December 2011). Review methods Eligible studies reported the intake of total sugars, intake of a component of total sugars, or intake of sugar containing foods or beverages; and at least one measure of body fatness. Minimum duration was two weeks for trials and one year for cohort studies. Trials of weight loss or confounded by additional medical or lifestyle interventions were excluded. Study selection, assessment, validity, data extraction, and analysis were undertaken as specified by the Cochrane Collaboration and the GRADE working group. For trials, we pooled data for weight change using inverse variance models with random effects. We pooled cohort study data where possible to estimate effect sizes, expressed as odds ratios for risk of obesity or β coefficients for change in adiposity per unit of intake. Results 30 of 7895 trials and 38 of 9445 cohort studies were eligible. In trials of adults with ad libitum diets (that is, with no strict control of food intake), reduced intake of dietary sugars was associated with a decrease in body weight (0.80 kg, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 1.21; P<0.001); increased sugars intake was associated with a comparable weight increase (0.75 kg, 0.30 to 1.19; P=0.001). Isoenergetic exchange of dietary sugars with other carbohydrates showed no change in body weight (0.04 kg, −0.04 to 0.13). Trials in children, which involved recommendations to reduce intake of sugar sweetened foods and beverages, had low participant compliance to dietary advice; these trials showed no overall change in body weight. However, in relation to intakes of sugar sweetened beverages after one year follow-up in prospective studies, the odds ratio for being overweight or obese increased was 1.55 (1.32 to 1.82) among groups with the highest intake compared with those with the lowest intake. Despite significant heterogeneity in one meta-analysis and potential bias in some trials, sensitivity analyses showed that the trends were consistent and associations remained after these studies were excluded. Conclusions Among free living people involving ad libitum diets, intake of free sugars or sugar sweetened beverages is a determinant of body weight. The change in body fatness that occurs with modifying intakes seems to be mediated via changes in energy intakes, since isoenergetic exchange of sugars with other carbohydrates was not associated with weight change.
Heat related mortality in warm and cold regions of Europe: observational study

Abstract Objectives: To assess heat related mortalities in relation to climate within Europe. Design: Observational population study. Setting: North Finland, south Finland, Baden-Württemberg, Netherlands, London, north Italy, and Athens. Subjects: People aged 65-74. Main outcome measures: Mortalities at temperatures above, below, and within each region's temperature band of minimum mortality. Results: Mortality was lowest at 14.3-17.3°C in north Finland but at 22.7-25.7°C in Athens. Overall the 3°C minimum mortality temperature bands were significantly higher in regions with higher than lower mean summer temperatures (P=0.027). This was not due to regional differences in wind speeds, humidity, or rain. As a result, regions with hot summers did not have significantly higher annual heat related mortality per million population than cold regions at temperatures above these bands. Mean annual heat related mortalities were 304 (95% confidence interval 126 to 482) in North Finland, 445 (59 to 831) in Athens, and 40 (13 to 68) in London. Cold related mortalities were 2457 (1130 to 3786), 2533 (965 to 4101), and 3129 (2319 to 3939) respectively. Conclusions: Populations in Europe have adjusted successfully to mean summer temperatures ranging from 13.5°C to 24.1°C, and can be expected to adjust to global warming predicted for the next half century with little sustained increase in heat related mortality. Active measures to accelerate adjustment to hot weather could minimise temporary rises in heat related mortality, and measures to maintain protection against cold in winter could permit substantial reductions in overall mortality as temperatures rise.
MR measurement of regional relative cerebral blood volume in epilepsy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance (MR) relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps for studying regional hemodynamic changes in interictal and ictal epilepsy patients. Ten epilepsy patients were examined on a 1.5 T MR system. Nine patients were investigated interictally and one patient ictally. In the nine interictal patients, the dynamic plane was defined coronally through the hippocampus symmetrically. For the ictal patient, an axial dynamic plane was defined and the patient was scanned during seizure. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies were performed in 8 of the 10 patients. Lower rCBV of the left hippocampus was predicted by rCBV maps in seven of the nine interictal patients. The mean ratios of rCBV were 1.96 for left hippocampus/white matter and 2.49 for right hippocampus/ white matter. The difference between these two ratios is statistically significant (P = 0.01, t‐test). In two of the nine interictal temporal lobe epilepsy patients, lower rCBV areas were observed in the right hippocampus. In the ictal patient, the regional rCBV map demonstrated increased blood volume in the lesions. In eight of eight patients who underwent PET studies, MR rCBV findings were consistent with PET findings. The results show that regional hemodynamic changes in epilepsy can be evaluated with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging. MR rCBV maps are sensitive to characterize seizure foci both ictally and interictally.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999; 9:435–440. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Covariant entropy bound, brane cosmology, and the null energy condition

In discussions of Bousso's Covariant Entropy Bound, the Null Energy Condition is always assumed, as a sufficient but not necessary condition which helps to ensure that the entropy on any lightsheet shall necessarily be finite. The spectacular failure of the Strong Energy Condition in cosmology has, however, led many astrophysicists and cosmologists to consider models of dark energy which violate all of the energy conditions, and indeed the current data do not completely rule out such models. The NEC also has a questionable status in brane cosmology: it is probably necessary to violate the NEC in the bulk in order to obtain a ``self-tuning theory of the cosmological constant. In order to investigate these proposals, we modify the Karch-Randall model by introducing NEC-violating matter into AdS5 in such a way that the brane cosmological constant relaxes to zero. The entropy on lightsheets remains finite. However, we still find that the spacetime is fundamentally incompatible with the Covariant Entropy Bound machinery, in the sense that it fails the Bousso-Randall consistency condition. We argue that holography probably forbids all cosmological violations of the NEC, and that holography is in fact the fundamental physical principle underlying the cosmological version of the NEC.
Chemical Abundance Analysis of the Extremely Metal-poor Star HE 1300+0157

We present a detailed chemical abundance analysis of HE 1300+0157, a subgiant with [Fe/H] = -3.9. From a high-resolution, high-S/N Subaru HDS spectrum we find the star to be enriched in C ([C/Fe]1D ~ +1.4) and O ([O/Fe]1D ~ +1.8). With the exception of these species, HE 1300+0157 exhibits an elemental abundance pattern similar to that found in many other very and extremely metal-poor stars. The Li abundance is lower than the Spite plateau value, in agreement with expectation for its evolutionary status. Of particular interest, no neutron-capture elements are detected in HE 1300+0157. This type of abundance pattern has been found by recent studies in several other metal-poor giants. We suggest that HE 1300+0157 is an unevolved example of this group of stars, which exhibit high C abundances together with low (or absent) abundances of neutron-capture elements (CEMP-no). Several potential enrichment scenarios are presented. The nondetection of neutron-capture elements including Sr, Ba, and Pb suggests that the carbon excess observed in HE 1300+0157 is not due to mass transfer across a binary system. Such a scenario is applied to carbon-rich objects with excesses of s-process elements. The normal observed Li abundance supports this interpretation. Most likely, the high levels of C and O were produced prior to the birth of this star. It remains unclear whether a single faint SN is responsible for its overall chemical pattern, or whether one requires a superposition of yields from a massive Population III object and a hypernova. These scenarios provide important information on the C production in the early universe and on the formation of C-rich stars in the early Galaxy.
Modulatory effects of emotion and sleep on recollection and familiarity

Growing evidence suggests that declarative memory benefits from the modulatory effects of emotion and sleep. The primary goal of the present study was to determine whether these two factors interact to enhance memory or they act independently of each other. Twenty‐eight volunteers participated in the study. Half of them were sleep deprived the night immediately following the exposure to emotional and non‐emotional images, whereas the control group slept at home. Their memory for images was tested 1 week later along the valence and arousal dimension of emotion with the remember–know procedure. As emotional events appear to gain preference during encoding, via the modulatory effect of amygdala on prefrontal and medial temporal lobe regions, conscious retrieval of emotional pictures (relative to neutral ones) was expected to be less disrupted by sleep loss. Results indicated that emotional images were more richly experienced in memory than neutral, particularly those with high arousal and positive valence. Even though sleep deprivation resulted in behavioral impairment at retrieval of both emotional and neutral images, results revealed that remember‐based recognition accuracy and its underlying process of recollection for emotional images were less influenced by the lack of sleep (the mean difference between control and sleep‐deprived subjects was around 40% higher for neutral images than for emotional images). Familiarity, however, was affected by neither emotion nor sleep. Taken together, these results suggest that emotion and sleep influence differentially the subjective experience of remembering and knowing and the underlying processes of recollection and familiarity through brain mechanisms probably involving amygdala‐ and hippocampo‐neocortical networks respectively.
Chemopreventive role of Coriandrum sativum against gentamicin-induced renal histopathological damage in rats

Abstract Drug induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most common causes of renal failure. Gentamicin belongs to aminoglycosides, which elicit nephrotoxic potential. Natural antioxidants from plants demonstrate a number of biotherapeutic activities. Coriander is an important medicinal plant known for its hepatoprotective, diuretic, carminative, digestive and antihelminthic potential. This study was designed to investigate whether the extract of Coriandrum sativum ameliorates the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats. Dried coriander powder was coarsely grinded and subjected to defatting by petroleum ether and further with ethyl acetate. The extract was filtered and subjected to phytochemical and phytoanalytical studies. Acute toxicity in Wistar rats was determined by the OECD Guideline (423). Animals were divided into four groups. The first group served as positive control, while the second group was toxic control (gentamicin treated). The third and fourth group were treated with the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg gentamicin). After 8 days, the animals were sacrificed and biochemical and histopathological studies were carried out. Phytochemical screening of the extract demonstrated Coriandrum sativum to be rich in flavonoids, polyphenolics and alkaloids. Results of acute toxicity suggested the use of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for Coriandrum sativum in the study. Coriandrum sativum extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg significantly (p<0.01) decreased creatinine levels in the animals, along with a decrease in serum urea and blood urea nitrogen. Treatment with Coriandrum sativum extract ameliorated renal histological lesions. It is concluded that Coriandrum sativum is a potential source of nephroprotective phytochemical activity, with flavonoids and polyphenols as the major components.
Grassroots innovation and innovation democracy

With climate change, biodiversity loss, soil degradation and numerous other challenges humankind has certainly dug itself into a big hole. Many of the solutions to get us out of the hole exist, but innovation is still needed. In this thinkpiece for Friends of the Earth's Big Ideas Project Professor Adrian Smith and Professor Andy Stirling explain the importance of grassroots innovation and innovation democracy for innovation that helps rather than hinders sustainablilty.
TP53/p53 alterations and Aurora A expression in progressor and non-progressor colectomies from patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis

Aneuploidy is a common feature in the colonic mucosa of patients suffering from the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (UC) and often precedes the development of dysplasia and cancer. Aneuploidy is assumed to be caused by missegregation of chromosomes during mitosis, often due to a faulty spindle assembly checkpoint. p53 is a tumour suppressor protein known to regulate the spindle assembly checkpoint and is frequently mutated in aneuploid cells. Aurora A is a presumed oncoprotein, also involved in regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. In the present study, we examined the mutational frequency of TP53 and the protein levels of p53 in a set of 20 progressor and 10 non-progressor colectomies from patients suffering from longstanding UC. In addition, we re-examined previously published immunohistochemical data on Aurora A expression using the same material. Levels of Aurora A were re-examined with regard to DNA ploidy status and dysplasia within the progressors, as well as in relation to p53 accumulation and TP53 mutational status. We detected p53 accumulation only within the progressor colectomies, where it could be followed back 14 years prior to the colectomies, in pre-colectomy biopsies. TP53 mutations were detected in both progressors and non-progressors. Expression levels of Aurora A were similar in the progressors and non-progressors. Within the group of progressors however, low levels of Aurora A were associated with areas of DNA aneuploidy, as well as with increasing degrees of dysplasia. Our results indicate that alterations in p53 may be an early biomarker of a progressor colon, and that p53 is accumulated early in UC-related carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a decreased Aurora A expression is associated with the development of DNA aneuploidy, as well as with dysplasia in UC progressors.
Investigating the Role of Sports Commentary: An Analysis of Media-Consumption Behavior and Programmatic Quality and Satisfaction

While research has revealed the important role of television commentators in sports broadcasts, no model has been established that comprehensively examines the relationship between sports commentary, audience perceptions, and consumption behavior (e.g., re-viewing intentions). Thus, the current study tested a conceptual model to better explain commentary and its relationship with audience perceptions (i.e., perceived quality and satisfaction) and future intentions. This study included data from a convenience sample of 80 undergraduate students from physical activity courses at a large private university in Seoul, Korea. In order to test the model, two commentary experimental conditions (i.e., color commentary and objective commentary) were employed and analyzed through structural equation modeling (sem). The findings suggest that color commentary significantly increases audience enjoyment and re-viewing intentions. Also, the findings of the study imply that audiences who are satisfied with the quality of the broadcast showed greater likelihood of reconsuming the televised sports program. The results of this investigation add to the body of knowledge in sports communication as well as highlight the significant role of sports commentators and the relationships between commentary, perceived quality, satisfaction, and re-viewing intentions.
Oracle Quantum Computing

Abstract Building on the work of Deutsch and Jozsa, we construct oracles relative to which (1) there is a decision problem that can be solved with certainty in worst-case polynomial time on the quantum computer, yet it cannot be solved classically in probabilistic expected polynomial time if errors are not tolerated, nor even in nondeterministic polynomial time, and (2) there is a decision problem that can be solved in exponential time on the quantum computer, which requires double exponential time on all but finitely many instances on any classical deterministic computer.