Minuri/sinhala-corpus-wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Increasing levels of androgen and estrogen have an effect on the thought processes of adolescents and can be described as them being in the minds "of almost all adolescents a good deal of the time"
බොහෝ නවයෞවනියන්ගේ ලිංගික ව පරිණත විමේ ක්‍රියාවලිය සාමාන්‍ය සහ අපේක්ෂිත අන්දමින් සිදු වුවද  පහත සඳහන්  තත්ත්වයන් පිළිබඳ ව මවුපියන් සහ විශේෂඥයන් විශේෂයෙන් සැලකිලිමත් වේ
ආර්තවයේ දී වේදනාකාරී තත්ත්වයක් ඇතිවිම
 ශ්‍රෝණි ප්‍රදේශයේ දැඩි වේදනාවක් ඇති වීම
 ඔසප් රුධිරය මුළුමනින් ම බැහැර කළ නොහැකි වීම/අජිද්ර හයිමනයක් තිබිම
 වෙනත් ශරීරාභ්‍යයන්තර අපරූපීතාවන්

Behavior

Views on sexual activity

One study from 1996 documented the interviews of a sample of adolescent girls and boys
The girls were less likely to state that they ever had sex than adolescent boys
Among boys and girls who had experienced sexual intercourse, the proportion of girls and boys who had recently had sex and were regularly sexually active was the same
Those conducting the study speculated that fewer girls say they have ever had sex because girls viewed teenage parenthood as more of a problem than boys
Girls were thought to be more restricted in their sexual attitudes
they were more likely than boys to believe that they would be able to control their sexual urges
Girls had a more negative association in how being sexually active could affect their future goals
In general, girls said they felt less pressure from peers to begin having sex, while boys reported feeling more pressure
A later study questioned the attitudes of adolescents
When asked about abstinence, many girls reported they felt conflicted
They were trying to balance maintaining a good reputation with trying to maintain a romantic relationship and wanting to behave in adult-like ways
Boys viewed having sex as social capital
Many boys believed that their male peers who were abstinent would not as easily climb the social ladder as sexually active boys
Some boys said that for them, the risks that may come from having sex were not as bad as the social risks that could come from remaining abstinent
Birth control
In 2002, a survey was conducted in European nations about the sexual behavior of teenagers
In a sample of fifteen year olds from 24 countries, it found that most self-reported that they had not experienced sexual intercourse
Among those who were sexually active, the majority (82%) used contraception
Teenage girls who use the most common form of birth control pills, combination birth control pills with both estrogen and progestin, are 80% more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant than girls who were not taking them
Girls who take progestin-only pills are 120% more likely
The risk of depression is tripled for teenage girls who use non-oral forms of hormonal contraception
Concepts about loss of virginity

In the United States, federally mandated programs begun in 1980, promoted adolescent abstinence from sexual intercourse, resulting in teens turning to oral sex, which about a third of teens in a study considered a form of abstinence
After their first act of sexual intercourse, adolescent girls generally see themselves in one of the following ways
as a gift, a stigma, or a normal step in development
Girls typically think of virginity as a gift, while boys think of virginity as a stigma
In interviews, girls said that they viewed giving someone their virginity like giving them a very special gift
Because of this, they often expected something in return such as increased emotional intimacy with their partners or the virginity of their partner
However, they often felt disempowered because of this
they often did not feel like they actually received what they expected in return and this made them feel like they had less power in their relationship
They felt that they had given something up and didn’t feel like this action was recognized
Thinking of virginity as a stigma disempowered many boys because they felt deeply ashamed and often tried to hide the fact that they were virgins from their partners, which for some resulted in their partners teasing them and criticizing them about their limited sexual techniques
The girls who viewed virginity as a stigma did not experience this shaming
Even though they privately thought of virginity as a stigma, these girls believed that society valued their virginity because of the stereotype that women are sexually passive
This, they said, made it easier for them to lose their virginities once they wanted to because they felt society had a more positive view on female virgins and that this may have made them sexually attractive
Thinking of losing virginity as part of a natural developmental process resulted in less power imbalance between boys and girls because these individuals felt less affected by other people and were more in control of their individual sexual experience
Adolescent boys, however, were more likely than adolescent girls to view their loss of virginity as a positive aspect of their sexuality because it is more accepted by peers
Adolescent sexual functioning
gender similarities and differences
Lucia O’Sullivan and her colleagues studied adolescent sexual functioning
they compared an adolescent sample with an adult sample and found no significant differences between them
Desire, satisfaction and sexual functioning were generally high among their sample of participants (aged 17–21)
Additionally, no significant gender differences were found in the prevalence of sexual dysfunction
In terms of problems with sexual functioning mentioned by participants in this study, the most common problems listed for males were experiencing anxiety about performing sexually (81.4%) and premature ejaculation (74.4%)
Other common problems included issues becoming erect and difficulties with ejaculation
Generally, most problems were not experienced on a chronic basis
Common problems for girls included difficulties with sexual climax (orgasm) (86.7%), not feeling sexually interested during a sexual situation (81.2%), unsatisfactory vaginal lubrication (75.8%) anxiety about performing sexually (75.8%) and painful intercourse (25.8%)
Most problems listed by the girls were not persistent problems
However, inability to experience orgasm seemed to be an issue that was persistent for some participants
The authors detected four trends during their interviews
sexual pleasure increased with the amount of sexual experience the participants had
those who had experienced sexual difficulties were typically sex-avoidant
some participants continued to engage in regular sexual activity even if they had low interest
and lastly, many experienced pain when engaging in sexual activity if they experienced low arousal
Another study found that it was not uncommon for adolescent girls in relationships to report they felt little desire to engage in sexual activity when they were in relationships
However, many girls engaged in sexual activity even if they did not desire it, in order to avoid what they think might place strains on their relationships
The researcher states that this may be because of society's pressure on girls to be "good girls"
the pressure to be "good" may make adolescent girls think they are not supposed to feel desire like boys do
Even when girls said they did feel sexual desire, they said that they felt like they were not supposed to, and often tried to cover up their feelings
This is an example of how societal expectations about gender can impact adolescent sexual functioning
Same-sex attractions among adolescents
Adolescent girls and boys who are attracted to others of the same sex are strongly affected by their surroundings in that adolescents often decide to express their sexualities or keep them secret depending on certain factors in their societies
These factors affect girls and boys differently
If girls’ schools and religions are against same sex attractions, they pose the greatest obstacles to girls who experience same sex attractions
These factors were not listed as affecting boys as much
The researchers suggest that maybe this is because not only are some religions against same-sex attraction, but they also encourage traditional roles for women and do not believe that women can carry out these roles as lesbians
Schools may affect girls more than boys because strong emphasis is placed on girls to date boys, and many school activities place high importance on heterosexuality (such as cheerleading)
Additionally, the idea of not conforming to typical male gender roles inhibited many boys from openly expressing their same-sex attraction
The worry of conforming to gender roles didn’t inhibit girls from expressing their same-gender preferences as much, because society is generally more flexible about their gender expression
Researchers such as Lisa Diamond are interested in how some adolescents depart from the socially constructed norms of gender and sexuality
She found that some girls, when faced with the option of choosing "heterosexual", "same-sex attracted" or "bisexual", preferred not to choose a label because their feelings do not fit into any of those categories
In Brazil

The average age Brazilians lose their virginity is 17.4 years of age, the second lowest number in the countries researched (first was Austria), according to the 2007 research finding these results, and they also ranked low at using condoms at their first time, at 47.9% (to the surprise of the researchers, people of lower socioeconomic status were far more likely to do so than those of higher ones)
58.4% of women reported that it was in a committed relationship, versus solely 18.9% of men (traditional Mediterranean cultures-descended mores tend to enforce strongly about male sexual prowess equating virility and female quality being chastity and purity upon marriage), and scored among the countries where people have the most positive feelings about their first time, feeling pleasure and more mature afterwards (versus the most negative attitudes coming from Japan)
In another research, leading the international ranking, 29.6% of Brazilian men lost their virginity before age 15 (versus 8.8% of women), but the average is really losing virginity at age 16.5 and marrying at age 24 for men, and losing virginity at age 18.5 and marrying at age 20 for women
These do not differ much from national figures
In 2005, 80% of then adolescents lost their virginity before their seventeenth birthday, and about 1 in each 5 new children in the country were born to an adolescent mother, where the number of children per women is solely 1.7 in average, below the natural replacement and the third lowest in independent countries of the Americas, after Canada and Cuba
A 2013 report through national statistics of students of the last grade before high school, aged generally (86%) 13–15, found out 28.7% of them already had lost their virginity, with both demographics of 40.1% of boys and 18.3% of girls having reduced their rate since the last research, in 2009, that found the results as 30.5% overall, 43.7% for boys and 18.7% for girls
Further about the 2013 research, 30.9% of those studying in public schools were already sexually initiated, versus 18% in private ones
24.7% of sexually initiated adolescents did not use a condom in their most recent sexual activity (22.9% of boys, 28.2% of girls), in spite of at the school environment 89.1% of them receiving orientation about STDs, 69.7% receiving orientation of where to acquire condoms for free (as part of a public health campaign from the Brazilian government) and 82.9% had heard of other forms of contraceptive methods
In Canada

One group of Canadian researchers found a relationship between self-esteem and sexual activity
They found that students, especially girls, who were verbally abused by teachers or rejected by their peers were more likely than other students to have sex by the end of the Grade 7. The researchers speculate that low self-esteem increases the likelihood of sexual activity
"low self-esteem seemed to explain the link between peer rejection and early sex
Girls with a poor self-image may see sex as a way to become 'popular', according to the researchers"
In India

In India there is growing evidence that adolescents are becoming more sexually active
It is feared that this will lead to an increase in spread of HIV/AIDS among adolescents, increase the number of unwanted pregnancies and abortions, and give rise to conflict between contemporary social values
Adolescents have relatively poor access to health care and education
With cultural norms opposing extramarital sexual behavior "these implications may acquire threatening dimensions for the society and the nation"
Motivation and frequency
Sexual relationships outside marriage are not uncommon among teenage boys and girls in India
By far, the best predictor of whether or not a girl would be having sex is if her friends were engaging in the same activities
For those girls whose friends were having a physical relationship with a boy, 84.4% were engaging in the same behavior
Only 24.8% of girls whose friends were not having a physical relationship had one themselves
In urban areas, 25.2% of girls have had intercourse and in rural areas 20.9% have
Better indicators of whether or not girls were having sex were their employment and school status
Girls who were not attending school were 14.2% (17.4% v
31.6%) more likely and girls who were employed were 14.4%(36.0% v
21.6%) more likely to be having sex
In the Indian sociocultural milieu girls have less access to parental love, schools, opportunities for self-development and freedom of movement than boys do
It has been argued that they may rebel against this lack of access or seek out affection through physical relationships with boys
While the data reflects trends to support this theory, it is inconclusive
The freedom to communicate with adolescent boys was restricted for girls regardless of whether they lived in an urban or rural setting, and regardless of whether they went to school or not
More urban girls than rural girls discussed sex with their friends
Those who did not may have felt "the subject of sexuality in itself is considered an 'adult issue' and a taboo or it may be that some respondents were wary of revealing such personal information
"

Contraceptive use
Among Indian girls, "misconceptions about sex, sexuality and sexual health were large
However, adolescents having sex relationships were somewhat better informed about the sources of spread of STDs and HIV/AIDS
"  While 40.0% of sexually active girls were aware that condoms could help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and reduce the likelihood of pregnancy, only 10.5% used a condom during the last time they had intercourse
In The Netherlands
According to Advocates for Youth, the United States' teen pregnancy rate is over four times as much as it is in the Netherlands
In comparison, in the documentary, Let's Talk About Sex, a photographer named James Houston travels from Los Angeles to D
and to the Netherlands
In the Netherlands, he contrasts European and American attitudes about sex
From the HIV rates to the contemplations of teen parenthood in America, Houston depicts a society in which America and the Netherlands differ
Most Dutch parents practice vigilant leniency, in which they have a strong familial bond and are open to letting their children make their own decisions
Gezelligheid is a term used by many Dutch adolescents to describe their relationship with their family
The atmosphere is open and there is little that is not discussed between parents and children
Amy Schalet, author of Not Under My Roof
Parents, Teens, and the Culture of Sex discusses in her book how the practices of Dutch parents strengthen their bonds with their children
Teenagers feel more comfortable about their sexuality and engage in discussion with their parents about it
A majority of Dutch parents feel comfortable allowing their teenagers to have their significant other spend the night
Sexually transmitted infections
Adolescents have the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when compared to older groups
Sexually active adolescents are more likely to believe that they will not contract a sexually transmitted infection than adults
Adolescents are more likely to have an infected partner and less likely to receive health care when an STI is suspected
They are also less likely to comply with the treatment for an STI
Coinfection is common among adolescents
An STI can have a large negative physiological and psychological effect on an adolescent
The goal of the pediatrician is for early diagnosis and treatment
Early treatment is important for preventing medical complications and infertility
Prevention of STIs should be a priority for all health care providers for adolescents
Diagnosis of an STI begins the evaluation of concomitant STIs and the notification and treatment of sexual partners
Some states in the US require the reporting of STIs to the state's health department
Media influence
Modern media contains more sexual messages than was true in the past and the effects on teen sexual behavior remain relatively unknown
Only 9% of the sex scenes on 1,300 of cable network programming discusses and deals with the negative consequences of sexual behavior
The Internet may further provide adolescents with poor information on health issues, sexuality, and sexual violence
A study on examining sexual messages in popular TV shows found that 2 out of 3 programs contained sexually related actions
1 out of 15 shows included scenes of sexual intercourse itself
Shows featured a variety of sexual messages, including characters talking about when they wanted to have sex and how to use sex to keep a relationship alive
Some researchers believe that adolescents can use these messages as well as the sexual actions they see on TV in their own sexual lives
The results of a study by Deborah Tolman and her colleagues indicated that adolescent exposure to sexuality on television in general does not directly affect their sexual behaviors, rather it is the type of message they view that has the most impact
What really affected adolescents was what type of societal gender stereotypes they were seeing enacted in the sexual scenes they saw on TV
Girls felt they had less control over their sexuality when they saw men objectifying women and behaving as if commitment wasn’t important
The consequences of this kind of influence are not minuscule
Young girls become surrounded by women that influence sexual objectification and show that it is okay to be weak and answer to men all the time
However, girls who saw women on TV who refuted men’s sexual advances usually felt more comfortable talking about their own sexual needs in their sexual experiences as well as standing up for themselves
They were comfortable setting sexual limits and therefore held more control over their sexuality
Findings for boys were less clear
those who saw dominant and aggressive men actually had less sexual experiences
Perhaps there were less effects on boys because this Heterosexual Script does not affect them as deeply as it does girls
However some scholars have argued that such claims of media effects have been premature
Furthermore, according to US government health statistics, teens have delayed the onset of sexual intercourse in recent years, despite increasingly amounts of sexual media
A 2008 study wanted to find out if there was any correlation between sexual content shown in the media and teenage pregnancy
Research showed that teens who viewed high levels of sexual content were twice as likely to get pregnant within three years compared to those teens who were not exposed to as much sexual content
The study concluded that the way media portrays sex has a huge effect on adolescent sexuality
Teenage pregnancy

Adolescent girls become fertile following the menarche (first menstrual period), which occurs in the United States at an average age of 12.5, although it can vary widely between different girls
After menarche, sexual intercourse (especially without contraception) can lead to pregnancy
The pregnant teenager may then miscarry, have an abortion, or carry the child to full term
Pregnant teenagers face many of the same issues of childbirth as women in their 20s and 30s
However, there are additional medical concerns for younger mothers, particularly those under 15 and those living in developing countries
for example, obstetric fistula is a particular issue for very young mothers in poorer regions
For mothers between 15 and 19, risks are associated more with socioeconomic factors than with the biological effects of age
However, research has shown that the risk of low birth weight is connected to the biological age itself, as it was observed in teen births even after controlling for other risk factors (such as utilisation of antenatal care etc
Worldwide, rates of teenage births range widely
For example, sub-Saharan Africa has a high proportion of teenage mothers whereas industrialized Asian countries such as South Korea and Japan have very low rates
Teenage pregnancy in developed countries is usually outside of marriage, and carries a social stigma
teenage mothers and their children in developed countries show lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and other poorer "life outcomes" compared with older mothers and their children
In the developing world, teenage pregnancy is usually within marriage and does not carry such a stigma
Legal aspects of adolescent sexual activity

  Sexual conduct between adults and adolescents younger than the local age of consent is illegal, and in some Islamic countries any kind of sexual activity outside marriage is prohibited
In many jurisdictions, sexual intercourse between adolescents with a close age difference is not prohibited
Around the world, the average age-of-consent is 16, but this varies from being age 12 in Angola, age 16 in Spain and Canada, and age 16-18 in the United States
In some jurisdictions, the age-of-consent for homosexual acts may be different from that for heterosexual acts
The age-of-consent in a particular jurisdiction is typically the same as the age of majority or several years younger
The age at which one can legally marry is also sometimes different from the legal age-of-consent
Sexual relations with a person under the age-of-consent are generally a criminal offense in the jurisdiction in which the crime was committed, with punishments ranging from token fines to life imprisonment
Many different terms exist for the charges laid and include statutory rape, illegal carnal knowledge, or corruption of a minor
In some cases, sexual activity with someone above the legal age-of-consent but beneath the age of majority can be punishable under laws against contributing to the delinquency of a minor
Society’s influence on adolescent sexuality

Social constructionist perspective
The social constructionist perspective (see social constructionism for a general definition) on adolescent sexuality examines how power, culture, meaning and gender interact to affect the sexualities of adolescents
This perspective is closely tied to feminist and queer theory
Those who believe in the social constructionist perspective state that the current meanings most people in our society tie to female and male sexuality are actually a social construction to keep heterosexual and privileged people in power
Researchers interested in exploring adolescent sexuality using this perspective typically investigates how gender, race, culture, socioeconomic status and sexual orientation affect how adolescent understand their own sexuality
An example of how gender affects sexuality is when young adolescent girls state that they believe sex is a method used to maintain relationships when boys are emotionally unavailable
Because they are girls, they believe they ought to engage in sexual behavior in order to please their boyfriends
Developmental feminist perspective
The developmental feminist perspective is closely tied to the social constructionist perspective
It is specifically interested in how society's gender norms affect adolescent development, especially for girls
For example, some researchers on the topic hold the view that adolescent girls are still strongly affected by gender roles imposed on them by society and that this in turn affects their sexuality and sexual behavior
Deborah Tolman is an advocate for this viewpoint and states that societal pressures to be "good" cause girls to pay more attention to what they think others expect of them than looking within themselves to understand their own sexuality
Tolman states that young girls learn to objectify their own bodies and end up thinking of themselves as objects of desire
This causes them to often see their own bodies as others see it, which causes them to feel a sense of detachment from their bodies and their sexualities
Tolman calls this a process of disembodiment
This process leaves young girls unassertive about their own sexual desires and needs because they focus so much on what other people expect of them rather than on what they feel inside
Another way gender roles affect adolescent sexuality is thought the sexual double standard
This double standard occurs when others judge women for engaging in premarital sex and for embracing their sexualities, while men are rewarded for the same behavior
It is a double standard because the genders are behaving similarly, but are being judged differently for their actions because of their gender
An example of this can be seen in Tolman’s research when she interviews girls about their experiences with their sexualities
In Tolman’s interviews, girls who sought sex because they desired it felt like they had to cover it up in order (for example, they blamed their sexual behavior on drinking) to not be judged by others in their school
They were afraid of being viewed negatively for enjoying their sexuality
Many girls were thus trying to make their own solutions (like blaming their sexual behavior on something else or silencing their own desires and choosing to not engage in sexual behavior) to a problem that is actually caused by power imbalances between the genders within our societies
Other research showed that girls were tired of being judged for their sexual behavior because of their gender
However, even these girls were strongly affected by societal gender roles and rarely talked about their own desires and instead talked about how "being ready" (rather than experiencing desire) would determine their sexual encounters
O’Sullivan and her colleagues assessed 180 girls between the ages of 12 and 14 on their perceptions on what their first sexual encounters would be like
many girls reported feeling negative emotions towards sex before their first time
The researchers think this is because adolescent girls are taught that society views adolescent pre-marital sex in negative terms
When they reported positive feelings, the most commonly listed one was feeling attractive
This shows how many girls objectify their own bodies and often think about this before they think of their own sexual desires and needs
Researchers found that having an older sibling, especially an older brother, affected how girls viewed sex and sexuality
Girls with older brothers held more traditional views about sexuality and said they were less interested in seeking sex, as well as less interested responding to the sexual advances of boys compared with girls with no older siblings
Researchers believe this is because older siblings model gender roles, so girls with older siblings (especially brothers) may have more traditional views of what society says girls and boys should be like
girls with older brothers may believe that sexual intercourse is mostly for having children, rather than for gaining sexual pleasure
This traditional view can inhibit them from focusing on their own sexualities and desires, and may keep them constrained to society’s prescribed gender roles
Social learning and the sexual self-concept

Developing a sexual self-concept is an important developmental step during adolescence
This is when adolescents try to make sense and organize their sexual experiences so that they understand the structures and underlying motivations for their sexual behavior
This sexual self-concept helps adolescents organize their past experiences, but also gives them information to draw on for their current and future sexual thoughts and experiences
Sexual self-concept affects sexual behavior for both men and women, but it also affects relationship development for women
Development of one’s sexual self-concept can occur even before sexual experiences begin
An important part of sexual self-concept is sexual esteem, which includes how one evaluates their sexuality (including their thoughts, emotions and sexual activities)
Another aspect is sexual anxiety
this includes one’s negative evaluations of sex and sexuality
Sexual self-concept is not only developed from sexual experiences
both girls and boys can learn from a variety of social interactions such as their family, sexual education programs, depictions in the media and from their friends and peers
Girls with a positive self-schema are more likely to be liberal in their attitudes about sex, are more likely to view themselves as passionate and open to sexual experience and are more likely to rate sexual experiences as positive
Their views towards relationships show that they place high importance on romance, love and intimacy
Girls who have a more negative view often say they feel self-conscious about their sexuality and view sexual encounters more negatively
The sexual self-concept of girls with more negative views are highly influenced by other people
those of girls who hold more positive views are less so
Boys are less willing to state they have negative feelings about sex than girls when they describe their sexual self-schemas
Boys are not divided into positive and negative sexual self-concepts
they are divided into schematic and non-schematic (a schema is a cluster of ideas about a process or aspect of the world
see schema)
Boys who are sexually schematic are more sexually experienced, have higher levels of sexual arousal, and are more able to experience romantic feelings
Boys who are not schematic have fewer sexual partners, a smaller range of sexual experiences and are much less likely than schematic men to be in a romantic relationship
When comparing the sexual self-concepts of adolescent girls and boys, researchers found that boys experienced lower sexual self-esteem and higher sexual anxiety
The boys stated they were less able to refuse or resist sex at a greater rate than the girls reported having difficulty with this
The authors state that this may be because society places so much emphasis on teaching girls how to be resistant towards sex, that boys don’t learn these skills and are less able to use them when they want to say no to sex
They also explain how society’s stereotype that boys are always ready to desire sex and be aroused may contribute to the fact that many boys may not feel comfortable resisting sex, because it is something society tells them they should want
Because society expects adolescent boys to be assertive, dominant and in control, they are limited in how they feel it is appropriate to act within a romantic relationship
Many boys feel lower self-esteem when they can’t attain these hyper-masculine ideals that society says they should
Additionally, there is not much guidance on how boys should act within relationships and many boys do not know how to retain their masculinity while being authentic and reciprocating affection in their relationships
This difficult dilemma is called the double-edged sword of masculinity by some researchers
Hensel and colleagues conducted a study with 387 female participants between the ages of 14 and 17 and found that as the girls got older (and learned more about their sexual self-concept), they experienced less anxiety, greater comfort with sexuality and experienced more instances of sexual activity
Additionally, across the four years (from 14-17), sexual self-esteem increased, and sexual anxiety lessened
The researchers stated that this may indicate that the more sexual experiences the adolescent girls have had, the more confidence they hold in their sexual behavior and sexuality
Additionally, it may mean that for girls who have not yet had intercourse, they become more confident and ready to participate in an encounter for the first time
Researchers state that these patterns indicate that adolescent sexual behavior is not at all sporadic and impulsive, rather that it is strongly affected by the adolescent girls’ sexual self-concept and changes and expands through time
Sex education
Sex education, also called "Sexuality Education" or informally "Sex Ed" is education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, human sexual behavior, and other aspects of sexuality, such as body image, sexual orientation, dating, and relationships
Common avenues for sex education are parents, caregivers, friends, school programs, religious groups, popular media, and public health campaigns
Sexual education is not always taught the same in every country
For example, in France sex education has been part of school curricula since 1973. Schools are expected to provide 30 to 40 hours of sex education, and pass out condoms to students in grades eight and nine
In January, 2000, the French government launched an information campaign on contraception with TV and radio spots and the distribution of five million leaflets on contraception to high school students
In Germany, sex education has been part of school curricula since 1970. Since 1992 sex education is by law a governmental duty
A survey by the World Health Organization concerning the habits of European teenagers in 2006 revealed that German teenagers care about contraception
The birth rate among German 15- to 19-year-olds is 11.7 per 1000 population, compared to 2.9 per 1000 population in Korea, and 55.6 per 1000 population in US
According to SIECUS, the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States, in most families, parents are the primary sex educators of their adolescents
They found 93% of adults they surveyed support sexuality education in high school and 84%  support it in junior high school
In fact, 88% of parents of junior high school students and 80% of parents of high school students believe that sex education in school makes it easier for them to talk to their adolescents about sex
Also, 92% of adolescents report that they want both to talk to their parents about sex and to have comprehensive in-school sex education
In America, not only do U
students receive sex education within school or religious programs, but they are also educated by their parents
American parents are less prone to influencing their children's actual sexual experiences than they are simply telling their children what they should not do
They promote abstinence while educating their children with things that may make their adolescents not want to engage in sexual activity
Almost all U
students receive some form of sex education at least once between grades 7 and 12
many schools begin addressing some topics as early as grade 5 or 6.  However, what students learn varies widely, because curriculum decisions are quite decentralized
Two main forms of sex education are taught in American schools
comprehensive and  abstinence-only
A 2002 study conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that 58% of secondary school principals describe their sex education curriculum as comprehensive, while 34% said their school's main message was abstinence-only
The difference between these two approaches, and their impact on teen behavior, remains a controversial subject in the U
Some studies have shown abstinence-only programs to have no positive effects
Other studies have shown specific programs to result in more than 2/3 of students maintaining that they will remain abstinent until marriage months after completing such a program
such virginity pledges, however, are statistically ineffective, and over 95% of Americans do, in fact, have sex before marriage
In Asia the state of sex education programs are at various stages of development
Indonesia, Mongolia, South Korea and Sri Lanka have a systematic policy framework for teaching about sex within schools
Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand have assessed adolescent reproductive health needs with a view to developing adolescent-specific training, messages and materials
India has programs that specifically aim at school children at the age group of nine to sixteen years
These are included as subjects in the curriculum and generally involved open and frank interaction with the teachers
Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan have no coordinated sex education programs
Some educators hold the view that sexuality is equated with violence
These educators think that not talking about sexuality will decrease the rate of adolescent sexuality
However, not having access to sexual education has been found to have negative effects upon students, especially groups such as adolescent girls who come from low-income families
Not receiving appropriate sexual health education increases teenage pregnancy, sexual victimization and high school dropout rates
Researchers state that it is important to educate students about all aspects of sexuality and sexual health to reduce the risk of these issues
The view that sexuality is victimization teaches girls to be careful of being sexually victimized and taken advantage of
Educators who hold this perspective encourage sexual education, but focus on teaching girls how to say no, teaching them of the risks of being victims and educate them about risks and diseases of being sexually active
This perspective teaches adolescents that boys are predators and that girls are victims of sexual victimization
Researchers state that this perspective does not address the existence of desire within girls, does not address the societal variables that influence sexual violence and teaches girls to view sex as dangerous only before marriage
In reality, sexual violence can be very prevalent within marriages too
Another perspective includes the idea that sexuality is individual morality
this encourages girls to make their own decisions, as long as their decision is to say no to sex before marriage
This education encourages self-control and chastity
Lastly, the sexual education perspective of the discourse of desire is very rare in U
high schools
This perspective encourages adolescents to learn more about their desires, gaining pleasure and feeling confident in their sexualities
Researchers state that this view would empower girls because it would place less emphasis on them as the victims and encourage them to have more control over their sexuality
Research on how gender stereotypes affect adolescent sexuality is important because researchers believe it can show sexual health educators how they can improve their programming to more accurately attend to the needs of adolescents
For example, studies have shown how the social constructed idea that girls are "supposed to" not be interested in sex have actually made it more difficult for girls to have their voices heard when they want to have safer sex
At the same time, sexual educators continuously tell girls to make choices that will lead them to safer sex, but don’t always tell them ‘how’ they should go about doing this
Instances such as these show the difficulties that can arise from not exploring how society’s perspective of gender and sexuality affect adolescent sexuality
See also

 Adolescent sexuality in Canada
 Adolescent sexuality in the United Kingdom
 Adolescent sexuality in the United States
 Age disparity in sexual relationships
 Romeo and Juliet laws
 Child sexuality
 Condom
 Family planning
 Sexual ethics

References

External links
 Support for teens
තාක්‍ෂණික සංඝටක ජෛවගෝලය වෙත නැවත එක් නොකිරීම සහ ජෛවීය සංඝටක ජෛවගෝලය වෙත සුරක්‍ෂිතව නැවත නොකිරීම අරමුණුකරකත් සහ ඒ සදහා සැලසුම් සකස්කලගත් කාර්මික ආර්ථික පොදුවේ චක්‍රීය ආර්ථික ලෙස හැඳින්වේ
ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 රේඛිය ආර්ථිකය
 ඉවත දමන සමාජ
පාරිභෝගිකවාදයට තදින් යොමුවූ මානව සමාජ ඉවත දමන සමාජ නම්වේ
තව තවත් අධිකව භාණ්ඩ අයත්කර ගැනීම සහ සේවා ලබාගානීම උනන්දු කරවන්නාවූ සමාජ ආර්ථික මතවාදය සහ එම ක්‍රමය පාරිභෝගිකවාදය නම්වේ
පාරිභෝගිකවාදය
යි සන් (), ලී සන්
ද වින්ඩ් ඔෆ් ද පැලස්, යනු 2007දී විකාශය වූ දකුණු කොරියානු ඓතිහාසික නාටයයකි
මෙහි චරිත නිරූපණය ලී සෝ-ජින් සහ හන් ජි-මින් විසිනි
මෙය 2007 සැප්තැම්බර් 17 සිට 2008 ජූනි 16 දක්වා කොරියාවේ MBC නාළිකාව මගින් සදුදා සහ අගහරුවාදා පැය 21
55ට විකාශය කරන ලදී
මෙය අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කරන ලද්දේ සම්මානනීය දේ ජං ගුම් ටෙලිනාට්‍යය අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කළ  බ්යුං-හූන් විසිනි
සෝ-ජින් සහ හන් ජි-මින් මෙම නාට්‍යයේ දැක් වූ දක්ෂතා සදහා MBC නාට්‍ය සම්මාන උළලේදී සම්මාන දිනාගත්තේ ය
සාරාංශය
යහපත් මහරජ නාට්‍යයෙන් නිරූපණය වන්නේ කොරියාවේ ජෝසුන් රාජවංශයේ 22වන පාලකයා වූ ජොංජෝ රජුගේ ජීවිත කථාවයි. ජොංජෝරජු කොරියානු ඉතිහාසයේ අමරණීයව ඇත්තේ සිය රජසැපතට වඩා ජනතාවගේ පහසුව පිළිබද සිතා අනුකම්පාවෙන් කටයුතු කිරීම නිසායි
කථාව ඇරඹෙන්නේ රජුගේ කුඩා කාලයේදී ය
කුමරු කුඩාකළ මාලිගයේ සේවයෙහි යෙදුණු දරුවන් දෙදෙනෙකු සමග මිතුරු වන අතර පසුකලෙක ඔවුන්ව මාලිගයෙන් පිටුවහල් කර දැමෙනු ලැබෙයි
යොංජෝ රජු (ජොංජෝගේ සීයා) විසින් ජොංජෝ කුමරුගේ පියා වූ කිරුළහිමි සදෝ කුමරුව සහල් බහාලුමක දමා ආහාර හෝ ජලය ලබා නොදී මුද්‍රා තැබීමට කටයුතු කරනු ලබන්නේ ඔහු රාජ්‍ය විරෝධී කුමන්ත්‍රණයකට සම්බන්ධ බවට බිය වූ නිසායි
සිය පියාව බේරා ගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වූ ජොංජෝ සිය මිතුරන් වූ සොං සොං-යොන් සහ පාක් දේ සු ගේ උදව්වෙන් යොංජෝ රජු හමු වී සිය පියාණන්ට සමාව දෙන ලෙස ඉල්ලා සිටිති
ඉන්පසු කෙමෙන් වැඩිනියට පත්වන  සහ ඔහුගේ මිතුරන් නැවතත් හමුවේ
නමුත් මේ වන විට ඔටුන්න හිමි කුමරුන්ගේ තනතුරට පත් ව සිටි ජොංජෝ කුමරුගේ තනතුර නොයෙකුත් කුමන්ත්‍රණකරුවන්ගේ ක්‍රියාවන් නිසා තර්ජනයට ලක්ව තිබිණි
කිරුළහිමි ජොංජෝ කුමරු සිය කුඩා කල මිතුරියක වූ මාලිගයේ සිතුවම් ශිල්පියකුගේ දියණියක් සහ කුඩා කල මාලිගයෙන් නෙරපනු ලැබූ සොං සොං-යොන් සමග ප්‍රේමයෙන් බැදෙයි
ඉන්පසු කථාව ගලායන්නේ යි සන් හෙවත් ජොංජෝ කුමරු‍ බලයට පත් වීම, රාජ්‍යත්වයට ඇති ඔහුගේ උරුමය සහ මාලිගයේ නො-රොන් පක්ෂය මගින් කුමරුට එරෙහිව  මෙහෙයවනු ලැබූ නොයෙකුත් කුමන්ත්‍රණවලින් කුමරුව සිය දිවි බේරාගන්නා අවස්ථා මැදින් ය
මෙම කථාව ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවලින් යම් තරමක් අපගමනය වුවත් එහි ජෝසුන් රාජවංශ යුගයේ මාලිගයේ ජීවිතය සමකාලීන මූලාශ්‍ර අනුව නිර්මාණය කර ඇති  බවක් පෙනී යයි
චරිත සහ චරිත නිරූපණය
යි සන්/ජොංජෝ රජු (චරිත නිරූපණය ලී සෝ ජින් විසිනි) — කතාමාලාවේ ප්‍රධාන චරිතයයි
කිරුළහිමි සදෝ කුමරු සහ හ්යේග්යොං බිසවගේ එකම පුත්‍රයායි
ඉතා කාරුණික සහ ආචාරශීලී පුද්ගලයකු වූ අතර සාමාන්‍ය ජනයා ජීවිකාව ගෙන යන අයුරු දැකගැනීමට නිතර රහස් සංචාරවල යෙදුණේ ය
මෙම කථාවෙන් සන් කුමරුගේ ළමාවියේ එකොලොස් වියේදී කිරුළහිමි සදෝ කුමරු හට දඩුවම් කළ අවස්ථාවේ සිට රජබවට පත් වී වසර 40ක පමණ දිග කාලයක් දක්වා නිරූපණය වේ
මෙම කථාවේ ආරම්භ‍යදී සන් කුමරුට සොං-යොන් හා පාක් දේ සූ මුණගැසේ
මෙහි පළමු කථාංගයේදී සිය පියා සිරකර තැබූ සහල් බහාලුම වෙත හොරෙන් පැන යන සන් කුමරු සිය මිතුරන්ට තමන්ව හදුන්වා දෙන්නේ කනිෂ්ඨ පණ්ඩකවරයෙක් (eunuch -සිංහල වරනැගුමේදී මොවුන් පාලකවරුන් ලෙස හදුන්වා ඇත
) ලෙසයි
දේ සු සහ සොං-යොන්ගේ උදව් ඇතිව කුමරු සිය පියාගේ අවසන් පැතුම ඉටු කිරීමට සමත් වේ
මෙහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස ඔවුන් අතර ඇරඹුණු මිතුදම කථාවේ දිගටම පැවතේ
දස වසරකට පසු සන් කුමරු කොරියාවේ ඔටුන්න හිමි කුමරු බවට පත් වෙයි
ඔටුන්න හිමි කුමරුන් වුවත් ඔහු සොං-යොන්හට ප්‍රේම කරයි
පසුව ඔහු රජු බවට පත් වූ පසු ඔහු සොං-යොන්ව සිය උපබිසවක් බවට පත්කර ගනී
එසේම සන් කුමරු යුධ ශිල්ප පුහුණු වීමට සහ වෙස්වලා සංචාරය කිරීමට ද ප්‍රිය කරයි
එසේ සිදුකරන විට ඔහු සිය නාමය ලෙස යි මු-දුක් යන ව්‍යාජ නාමය යොදා ගනියි
තනතුරු
යි සන් (යි රාජකීය ගෘහයේ සන්), 이 산, වංගෙසුන් චොහා (කිරුළහිමි කුමාර උත්තමයාණෝ), 왕세손 저하, චුසැං චොනා (රජතුමනි), 주상 전하
ව්‍යාජ නාමය
යැං(ගා) මු-දුක් (යැං පෙළපතේ මු-දුක්), 양(가) 무덕

සොං සොං-යොන් (නිරූපණය හන් ජි-මින් විසිනි) — ජොංජෝ රජුගේ ප්‍රේමවන්තියයි
ඇය දක්ෂ මාලිගයේ සිත්තරෙකුගේ දියණියක් වූ නිසා ඇයට සිතුවම් කලාව කෙරෙහි දැජි ආශාවක් තිබිණි
කුඩා වියේදීම බිළිදු සහෝදරයාත් සමග අනාථභාවයට පත් වූ ඇයව ඇගේ ඥාතියකු විසින් මාලිගයේ පාලිකාවක් වීමට යොමු කරයි
වයස 11දී ඇය මාලිගයට ඇතුළු වූ අතර ඇගේ ‍සහෝදරයා වූ සොං සොං වූක් ව වෙදැදුරු පවුලක් විසින් දරුකමට හදාගනියි
ඇගේ මාලිගයේ පළමු රාත්‍රියේදී වැඩිමහල් පාලිකාවන්ට ආහාර ගෙනඒමට යන විට ඇයට සහල් බහාලුම වෙත සොරෙන් යමින් සිටි සන් කුමරු සහ මාලිගයෙන් පැනයමින් සිටි දේ සු ව හමු වේ
නමුත් අවාසනාවට ඇයව සහ දේ සුව හසුවන අතර ඔවුන්ව මාලිගයෙන් නෙරපා හැරෙනු ලැබෙයි
මේ නිසා ඇය පිළිබද කෝපයෙන් පසු වූ ඇයට මාලිගයට ඇතුළු වීමට උපකාර කළ ඇගේ ඥාතියා ඇයව භාරගැනීම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරයි
නමුත් ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ පණ්ඩනවරයකු වූ පාක් දේ-සුගේ මාමා වූ පාක් දල්-හෝ ඇයව සහ දේ-සුව හදාවඩා ගනී
නමුත් කුමරුට සතුරුකම් කළ පිරිස් නිසා ඔවුනට අගනුවරින් පිටවීමට හේතු‍ වේ
මිතුරන් තිදෙන නැවතත් මාලිගයට පැමිණෙන බවට පොරොන්දු වෙති
මේ අනුව සොං-යොන් සිතුවම් අංශයේ දාමෝවරියක් (කාන්තා සිතුවම් සහායිකාවක්) ලෙස සේවයට බැදෙයි
නමුත් ඇයට මාලිගයට යාමට අවස්ථාව උදාවන්නේ ක්විං චීන  තානාපතිවරයා වෙනුවෙන් ‘කිරින්’ නැමැති සත්ත්වයාගේ රූපයක් සිතුවම් කිරීමෙන් පසුයි
ඇයව දැක කුතුහලයට පත් වන සන් කුමරු සිතුවම් අංශයෙන් ඇය පිළිබද සොයා බැලීමේදී ඇය සොං-යොන් බව දැනගනී
ඉක්මණින් අගේ නිවසට න කුමරු දේ සු සහ ඔහුගේ මාමාවද හදුනාගනී
එතැන් සිට ඔවුන් තිදෙන එක්ව කටයුතු කරති
මෙම කථාවේ සොං-යොන්ව නිරූපණය කර ඇත්තේ කාරුණික, රූමත් සහ බුද්ධිමත් තරුණියක් ලෙසයි
ඉතා පහත් පන්තියේ දාමෝ පන්තියෙන් සිය දිවිය ආරම්භ කරන ඈ සිතුවම් අංශයේ සිතුවම් ශිල්පිණියක් වීමට සමත් වන්නී ය
ඇගේ යහපත් චරිතය සහ රූමත් බවට වසග වන සන් කුමරු ඇය හා ප්‍රේමයෙන් බැදෙයි
කුමරු රජ වූ පසු ඇය රජුගේ උපබිසවක් බවට පත් වේ
අවාසනාවට ඇගේ පහත් සමාජ පන්තිය නිසා ඇයව පිළිගනු ලැබූයේ කිහිපදෙනෙකු පමණි
දාමෝවරියන්‍ වහල් තත්ත්වයටත් වඩා පහත් සේ සැළකිණි) නමුත් ඇය පිරිමි දරුවකු ප්‍රසූත කිරීමත් සමග එම තත්ත්වය වෙනස් වී ඇය රාජකීය උපබිසව තනතුරට උසස් වන්නී ය
කථාව අවසානයේ සොං-යොන් ඇගේ දෙවන දරුවාගේ ගර්භනී සමය අතරතුර අක්මාවේ පිළිකාවකින් මිය යන්නී ය
නමුත් සන්ට සිය අවසන් හුස්ම හෙළීමට මොහොතකට පෙර සිහිනයෙන් ඇයව හමු වේ
සොං(ගා) සොං-යොන් (සොං පෙළපතේ සොං-යොන්), 성(가) 송연, සොං සං-ගුං (සොං ආර්යාව), 성 상궁, සෝ-යොං සොං-සි (සොං පෙළපතේ සෝ-යොං උපබිසව), 소용 성씨, උයි-බින් සොං-සි (සොං පෙළපතේ රාජකීය වංශවත් උයි-බින් බිසව), 의빈 성씨

පාක් දේ-සු (නිරූපණය ලී ජොං-සූ විසිනි) — ජොංජෝ රජුගේ ප්‍රියතම යුධ නිලධාරියායි
ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම දේ සූ කුඩා කළ මාලිගයේ කනිෂ්ඨ පණ්ඩකවරයකු විය
ඔහුව කර අඹා නොතිබූ නිසා මාලිගයෙන් පැන යාමට උත්සාහ කරන විටයි, සොං යොං සහ සන් කුමරුව ඔහුට මුණගැසුණේ
සොං යොං සේම කුමරුට උපකාර කිරීමට යාම නිසා ඔහුව නෙරපන ලදී
සොං යොං සමග වැඩුණු දේ සු හා සොං යොං එකිනෙකා පිළිබද හොදින් දැන සිටියහ
ඔවුන් දෙදෙනාම අනාථ දරුවන් වූ නමුත් දේ සුගේ මාමා විසින් ඔවුන් දෙදෙනාවම හදාවඩා ගන්නා ලදී
සොං යොං සිතුවම් අංශයට ඇතුළත් වූ විට දේ සු යුධ විභාගයෙන් සමත් වී කිරුළ හිමි කුමරුගේ (සන් කුමරුගේ) ආරක්ෂකයකු බවට පත් විය
එහිදී උසස් වීම් ලබන ඔහු ඔහු කොරියාවේ දක්ෂතම සේනාංකය හා රජුගේ ආරක්ෂක සේනාව වූ මකර කණ්ඩායමේ ප්‍රධාන අණදෙන නිලධාරියා බවට පත් වීමට හැකියාව ලබයි
මුලින් දේ සූ නිහඩ හා අනුන්ගෙන් යැපුණු පුද්ගලයකු වුවත් යුධ පරීක්ෂණය සමත් වූ පසු  ඔහුගේ ගුරුවරුන් ඔහුට විනීත, බුද්ධිමත්, ස්වාධීන හා සංසුන් අයකු වීමට උදව් කළහ
මෙම වෙනස සිදුනොවුණේ නම් ඔහු මැරවරයකු වනු නිසැක ය
හැමවිටම රජුව අනුගමනය කළ යුධ නිලධාරීන් තිදෙනාගෙන් එක් අයෙක් දේ සු ය
අනෙක් යුධ නිලධාරීන් දෙදෙනා වූයේ දක්ෂ දුනුවායකු වූ කාං සුක් කි සහ දක්ෂ සටන්කාමියකු වූ සු ජං බෝ ය
දේ සු සොං-යොන්ට ප්‍රේම කළේ ය
නමුත් ඇය උපබිසවක් වූ පසු දේ සු ඇය පිළිබද අදහස අත්හළේ ය
ඔහු යී සන් කුමරුගේ පුත්‍රයා වූ සුන්ජෝ රජුගේ කාලයේද ජීවත් විය
ඔහු මරණින් පසු වෙනත් ආත්මයක දී ළමා වියේ සිය මිතුරන් සමග නැවතත් එක්වනු දැක්වේ
මෙම චරිතය ජොංජෝ රජුව විවිධ අවස්ථාවන්හි දී ආරක්ෂා කළ ප්‍රකට ආරක්ෂකයකු වූ බෙක් දොං-සූගේ චරිතය ඇසුරින් නිමවන්නට ඇතැයි සැලකේ.
හ්යේග්යොං බිසව (නිරූපණය ක්යොන් මි-රි විසිනි) — ජොංජෝ රජුගේ මවයි. ඇය ප්යොංසන් හොං පෙළපතේ මාලිගයේ උසස් නිලධාරියකු වූ හොං බොං-හන්ගේ දියණියයි
ඇය නිතරම රාජකීය පවුල සහ ජනතාව පිළිබද කරදර වූවා ය
හ්යේග්‍යොං බිසව පහත් කුලයේ ජනතාව පිළිබද මනාපයකින් පසු නො වූ අතර සොං යොංට උපබිසවක් වූ පසු විශාලම අභියෝගය එල්ල වූයේ ඇගෙනි
නමුත් සොං යොං පිරිමි දරුවකු බිහිකළ විට රාජකීය පවුලේ සාමාජිකයකු ලෙස පළමුව නිවේදනය කළේත් ඇයයි
සිහසුනට උරුමකරුවකු ගෙන ඒම සදහා උපබිසොවරුන් රැසක් රැගෙන ආවේත් ඇයයි
හ්යෝයී අගබිසව (නිරූපණයපාක් ඉයුන්-හ්යේ විසිනි) — ජොංජෝ රජුගේ ප්‍රධාන බිසවයි. කිම් පෙළපතේ උපත ලැබුවා ය
දස වියැති සන් හට ඇයව සරණ පාවා දෙන විට ඇගේ වයස අවුරුදු 19ක් පමණ ය
හ්යෝයී බිසව ඉතා කාරුණික, යහපත්, ආචාරශීලී කාන්තාවක් වූ අතර කොරියානු කුල ස්ත්‍රියකගේ ගුණාංගවලින් පිරිපුන් කාන්තාවක වූවා ය
බලයට ආශා නොකළ ඇයට මාලිගයේ සැවොම ගරැකළහ
අවාසනාවට ඇයට දරැවන් ලද නොහැකි වූ බැවින් ජොංජෝගේ මව විසින් නොයෙකුත් උපබිසෝවරුන් රැගෙන එන ලදී
හ්යෝයී අගබිසව සොං-යොන්ට ප්‍රිය කළා ය
ඇගේ සහාය නිසායි සොං-යොන්ට උපබිසවක බවට පත්ව පුතකුට උපත ලබා දීමට හැකිවූයේ
ජොංජෝ රජු මියගොස් මඳ කලෙකින් හ්යෝයී අගබිසව ද මියයයිs
යොංජෝ රජ (නිරූපණය ලී සූන්-ජේ විසිනි) — ජොංජෝගේ මුත්තණුවන් ය
කොරියාවේ 21වන රජු විය
යොංජෝට එක් පුත්‍රයකු සිටි අතර ඔහුගේ දෙවන පුත්‍රයා වූ කිරුලහිමි සදෝ කුමරු ද ඊට අමතරව හ්වාවැන් කුමරිය නම් දියණියක ද විය
ආදරණීය, අත්දැකීම් බහුල වියපත් අයෙකි
ඊළග රජු බවට පත්කිරීම සදහා ඔහු සන්හට තදින් සිටියේ ය
යොංජෝ රජු සෑමවිටම සිය දෙවන පුතුව රාජද්‍රෝහී කුමන්ත්‍රණයකට සැක කළේ ය
එය මෙම කතාමාලාව පුරාම දැකගත හැකි
නමුත් සිය මරණයට පෙර එය සිය පුතුව හසුකිරීමට ඇට වූ උගුලක් බව යොංජෝ රජු දැනගනියි
සන් මෙන්ම යොංජෝ රජු ද ජනයාට බෙහෙවින් ඇළුම් කළ පාලකයකු වූ අතර තමන්ට ජනතාව අතර මියා යාමට අවශ්‍ය වූ නිසා ඔහු මාලිගයෙන් පිටත්ව ගොස් සිය පෞද්ගලික් නිවහන තුළ දී කළුරිය කළේ ය