MiniLLM/dolly-processed huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Outlander, who stars in Outlander?
Input: Outlander is a historical drama television series based on the Outlander novel series by Diana Gabaldon. Developed by Ronald D. Moore, the show premiered on August 9, 2014, on Starz. It stars Caitríona Balfe as Claire Randall, a former Second World War military nurse in Scotland who, in 1945, finds herself transported back in time to 1743. There she encounters, falls in love with and marries a dashing Highland warrior named Jamie Fraser (Sam Heughan), a tacksman of Gabaldon's fictionalized version of Clan Fraser of Lovat. Here, Claire becomes embroiled in the Jacobite rising.
Response: Outlander stars Caitriona Balfe (as Claire Randall).  Her co-start is Sam Heughan (as Jamie Fraser).  It is a Starz TV Series portraying star crossed lovers who meet across time. Claire travels from 1945, back in time to 1743 and encounters: adventure, mystery, and political intrigue of the Jacobite uprising; all the time growing closer and closer to her true love Jamie Fraser. The 2014 (to present) show is based on the Outlander book series written by Diana Gabaldon, originally published in the 1990's.
Instruction: What is measure of inflation in the US?
Input: In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy.[3][4][5][6] When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money.[7][8] The opposite of inflation is deflation, a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index.[9] As prices faced by households do not all increase at the same rate, the consumer price index (CPI) is often used for this purpose. The employment cost index is also used for wages in the United States.
Response: Inflation is measured using consumer price index (CPI) in the US.
Instruction: Given the following paragraph on cell structure, what is an example of membrane proteins?
Input: Every cell is enclosed within a cell membrane that separates its cytoplasm from the extracellular space.[41] A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterols that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. Cell membranes are semipermeable, allowing small molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to pass through while restricting the movement of larger molecules and charged particles such as ions.[42] Cell membranes also contains membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins that go across the membrane serving as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes shaping the cell.[43] Cell membranes are involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, storing electrical energy, and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures such as a cell wall, glycocalyx, and cytoskeleton.
Response: One example of membrane proteins are integral membrane proteins which go across the membrane and serve as membrane transporters.
Instruction: What options does the 911 Carrera T include
Input: In October 2017, Porsche announced the 911 Carrera T (Touring), offering the base Carrera drivetrain but with shorter rear axle ratio, mechanical differential lock, PASM Sport lowered suspension, Sport Chrono package and sports exhaust as standard. Additional features include a reduced sound insulation, light-weight glass side/rear windows, Sport-Tex seats, a shortened shift lever, deletion of the rear seats and communication system (with their re-addition available as a no-cost option), Carrera S wheels, as well as optional rear-wheel steering, PDK transmission and bucket seats.[28]
Response: The 911 Carrera T offers:
- Base drivetrain with shorter rear axle ratio
- mechanical differential lock
- PASM Sport lowered suspension
- Sport Chrono package
- Sports exhaust
- Reduced sound insulation
- light-weight glass for side and rear windows
- Sport-Tex seats
- Shortened shift lever
- deletion of rear seats and communication system
- Carrera S wheels
Instruction: Where is the Ahlatcik village
Input: Ahlatçık is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey.[1] Its population is 132 (2021).[2]
Response: Ahlatçık is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 132 (2021)
Instruction: Hepatitis B and C can cause what type of cancer?
Input: Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.[3] Males are more often affected with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females.[3] Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old.
Response: Liver cancer (also known as hepatic cancer, primary hepatic cancer, or primary hepatic malignancy) is cancer that starts in the liver.[1] Liver cancer can be primary (starts in liver) or secondary (meaning cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver, known as liver metastasis). Liver metastasis is more common than that which starts in the liver.[3] Liver cancer is increasing globally.[8][9]

Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth-most frequent cancer and the fourth-leading cause of death from cancer.[7][10] In 2018, it occurred in 841,000 people and resulted in 782,000 deaths globally.[7] Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.[3] Males are more often affected with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females.[3] Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old.[2]

The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C or alcohol.[4] Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver flukes.[3] The most common types are HCC, which makes up 80% of cases and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.[3] The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging, with confirmation by tissue biopsy.[1]

Given that there are many different causes of liver cancer, there are many approaches to liver cancer prevention. These efforts include immunization against hepatitis B,[3] hepatitis B treatment, hepatitis C treatment, decreasing alcohol use,[8] decreasing exposure to aflatoxin in agriculture, and management of obesity and diabetes.[9] Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease.[3] For example, it is recommended that people with chronic liver disease who are at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma be screened every 6 months using ultrasound imaging.[8]

Because liver cancer is an umbrella term for many types of cancer, the signs and symptoms depend on what type of cancer is present. Symptoms can be vague and broad. Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with sweating, jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss and liver enlargement.[11] Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with abdominal mass, abdominal pain, emesis, anemia, back pain, jaundice, itching, weight loss and fever.[12]

Treatment options may include surgery, targeted therapy and radiation therapy.[1] In certain cases, ablation therapy, embolization therapy or liver transplantation may be used.[1]
Instruction: What are the rivers in Rajkot area?
Input: Rajkot is located at 22.3°N 70.78°E. It has an average elevation of 128 metres (420 ft). The city is located on the bank of Aji River and Nyari River which remains dry except the monsoon months of July to September. The city is spread in the area of 170.00 km2.
Response: There are two rivers - Aaji and Nyari - in the vicinity of Rajkot.
Instruction: Which version of the church existed in 1809?
Input: The area was settled by Canary Islanders and Acadians from 1779 on and the parish was formed in 1793 with its first church being "little more than a shack". It was replaced by a more permanent one in 1819, which in turn was replaced by this one in 1856, quite close to the site of the 1793 church. The parish's governing "Fabrique", or council of wardens, reportedly appointed a committee to measure the Catholic church in Thibodaux, Louisiana, and
Response: The original version of the church still existed in 1809, it was 10 years later that a more permanent one replaced it.
Instruction: What are Indic languages?
Input: Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians, both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages.Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates.  As per the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.
Response: Indic languages are the languages spoken in the Republic of India composed of Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages.
Instruction: Extract the teams that Bob Sanders played throughout his career, and put them in a comma-separated list.
Input: Demond "Bob" Sanders (born February 24, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He was named NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2007 and also played for the San Diego Chargers in his final season in 2011.

Sanders was nicknamed "The Sandman" because of his hard hits and tackles, and was also called "The Eraser" by former Colts' coach Tony Dungy because of his tendency to erase the mistakes of his teammates. He spent the majority of his career battling injuries, having played more than six games in a single season only twice, in 2005 and 2007.
Response: Iowa Hawkeyes, Indianapolis Colts, San Diego Chargers
Instruction: Given a reference text about the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing, how many people were injured and killed?
Input: 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing

On 21 April 2022, a powerful bomb rocked the Shia Seh Dokan mosque[1] in Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh Province, Afghanistan killing at least 31 people and injuring more than 87 others. The Islamic State – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility via Telegram.[2][3]

Worshippers were performing the Zuhr prayer inside the mosque when the bomb exploded.[4] Authorities counted 31 dead and at least 87 injured, six of whom were wounded critically.[4]

The bombing was part of a series of attacks on the same day, including two explosions targeting Taliban officers in Kunduz and Khogyani District and a bombing that injured two Shia children in Kabul.[4][5]
Response: At least 31 people were killed and more than 87 others were injured in the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing.
Instruction: What was the first name of Thomas Attewell's brother and cousin?
Input: Thomas Attewell (7 November 1869 – 6 July 1937) was an English first-class cricketer. Attewell was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Keyworth, Nottinghamshire.

His brother William played first-class cricket for Nottinghamshire and the Marylebone Cricket Club, as well as Test cricket for England. His cousin Walter Attewell played first-class cricket for Nottinghamshire.
Response: William and Walter
Instruction: Please share some important points to remember for Oscar awards from the given text
Input: The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), in recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The Academy Awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment industry in the United States and worldwide. The Oscar statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style.
Response: 1.	The Oscars, usually referred to as the Academy Awards, are prizes given to filmmakers for outstanding artistic and technical achievement.
2.	The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) bestows them annually in appreciation of outstanding contributions to cinema as judged by the Academy's voting membership.
3.	Many people consider the Academy Awards to be the most prestigious and important honours in the American and international entertainment industries.
4.	The Oscar trophy has an Art Deco-styled rendering of a knight.
Instruction: What team represents Concordia University in Irvine, California?
Input: The Concordia Golden Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University Irvine, located in Irvine, California, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Golden Eagles primarily compete in the Pacific West Conference (PacWest) for most of their sports since the 2015–16 academic year; while its men's volleyball team competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF); and its men's water polo team competes in the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA). CUI previously competed in the Golden State Athletic Conference (GSAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1987–88 to 2014–15; and as an NAIA Independent from 1981–82 to 1986–87. The CUI women's water polo team competed in the Golden Coast Conference (GCC) until the 2022 spring season.
Response: The Concordia Golden Eagles represent Concordia University Irvine. The Golden Eagles are a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and primarily compete in the Pacific West Conference.
Instruction: When did Iranians convert to Islam?
Input: The Islamization of Iran occurred as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia in 633–654. It was a long process by which Islam, though initially rejected, eventually spread among the population on the Iranian Plateau. Iranian peoples have maintained certain pre-Islamic traditions, including their language and culture, and adapted them with Islamic codes. These two customs and traditions merged as the "Iranian Islamic" identity.
Response: Unlike the popular opinion that Arabs converted Iranians to Islam after defeating the Sasanian Empire, Iranians continued to practice their native religions for many centuries. The conversion to Islam was a slow process which was aided by differentiated tax systems for Muslims and non-muslims.
Instruction: Based on this article, considerations of what time zone is used for determining what land is in the dead man zone?
Input: The dead man zone is the area directly around a bushfire that is likely to burn within five minutes given the current wind conditions or an anticipated change in wind direction. The distance this zone extends from the firefront is highly dependent on terrain, windspeed, fuel type and composition, relative humidity and ambient temperature, and can range from under 100 metres (330 ft) to well over 1 kilometre (3,300 ft).[1]
Response: A five minute period in the future is used for creating the dead man zone.
Instruction: What is rheological weldability?
Input: Rheological weldability (RW) of thermoplastics considers the materials flow characteristics in determining the weldability of the given material.[1] The process of welding thermal plastics requires three general steps, first is surface preparation. The second step is the application of heat and pressure to create intimate contact between the components being joined and initiate inter-molecular diffusion across the joint and the third step is cooling.[2] RW can be used to determine the effectiveness of the second step of the process for given materials.
Response: Rheological weldability describes the effectiveness of applying heat and pressure to join two materials.
Instruction: Extract the non-meat ingredients of the sandwich in the passage provided. Separate them with a pipe symbol.
Input: A typical Vietnamese roll or sandwich is a fusion of meats and vegetables from native Vietnamese cuisine such as chả lụa (pork sausage), coriander leaf (cilantro), cucumber, pickled carrots, and pickled daikon combined with condiments from French cuisine such as pâté, along with red chili and buttery mayonnaise. However, a wide variety of popular fillings are used, from xíu mại (a Chinese cuisine) to even ice cream. In Vietnam, bread rolls and sandwiches are typically eaten for breakfast or as a snack.
Response: cilantro | cucumber | picked carrots | pickled daikon | red chili | mayonnaise
Instruction: Which notable person in this list with surname Liebers was born last?
Input: Liebers is a German language surname. Notable people with the name include:

Mario Liebers (born 1960), German former competitive figure skater
Martin Liebers (born 1985), German former competitive figure skater
Matthias Liebers (born 1958), former German footballer
Peter Liebers (born 1988), German former figure skater.
Response: Peter Liebers
Instruction: Based on the information below, when might people have started baking bread?
Input: Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.
Response: Bread typically requires grains as an ingredient, so it’s feasible that humans could make bread when they started gathering grains 105,000 years ago. However, it may be more likely that they began baking bread around the time they began intentionally planting grains 11,500 years ago.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Kevum, explain when it is typically consumed?
Input: Kevum or Kavum is a deep-fried Sri Lankan sweet made from rice flour and kithul (sugar-palm) treacle, with a number of variants adding additional ingredients. It is also known as oil cake. Kevum is traditionally given and consumed during celebrations of Sinhala and Tamil New Year.
Response: It's consumed usually for Sinahala and Tamil celebrations. Particularly, the New Year.
Instruction: List the basis of contemporary national legal systems from the passage. Display the results in comma separated format.
Input: The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations.[1] The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law.

Both civil (also known as Roman) and common law systems can be considered the most widespread in the world: civil law because it is the most widespread by landmass and by population overall, and common law because it is employed by the greatest number of people compared to any single civil law system.[2][3][4]
Response: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law, comparative law
Instruction: Is Ted Yoho republican or democrat
Input: Theodore Scott Yoho (/ˈjoʊhoʊ/ YOH-hoh; born April 13, 1955) is an American politician, veterinarian, and businessman who served as the U.S. representative from Florida's 3rd congressional district from 2013 until 2021.[1] He is a member of the Republican Party.

In the 2012 Republican primary election for the district, Yoho pulled a major upset against long-term incumbent Congressman Cliff Stearns, who had first been elected in 1988. Prior to being elected to Congress, Yoho had been a veterinarian and small business owner in North Central Florida for 30 years.[2]

In December 2019, Yoho announced that, honoring his term-limit pledge, he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020.[3]
Response: Theodore Scott Yoho is an American politician, veterinarian, and businessman who served as the U.S. representative from Florida's 3rd congressional district from 2013 until 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.

In the 2012 Republican primary election for the district, Yoho pulled a major upset against long-term incumbent Congressman Cliff Stearns, who had first been elected in 1988. Prior to being elected to Congress, Yoho had been a veterinarian and small business owner in North Central Florida for 30 years.

In December 2019, Yoho announced that, honoring his term-limit pledge, he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020.
Instruction: How old was Octavia Butler when she died?
Input: Octavia Estelle Butler (June 22, 1947 – February 24, 2006) was an American science fiction author and a multiple recipient of the Hugo and Nebula awards. In 1995, Butler became the first science-fiction writer to receive a MacArthur Fellowship. Born in Pasadena, California, Butler was raised by her widowed mother. Extremely shy as a child, Butler found an outlet at the library reading fantasy, and in writing. She began writing science fiction as a teenager. She attended community college during the Black Power movement. While participating in a local writer's workshop, she was encouraged to attend the Clarion Workshop, then held in Pennsylvania, which focused on science fiction.
Response: At the time of her death in 2006, Octavia Butler was 58 years old.
Instruction: Which district is Lightwater in?
Input: Lightwater is a village in the Surrey Heath district of Surrey, England, about 27 miles (43 km) southwest of central London. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Windlesham, Camberley, and West End, Woking. It is bounded to the north-west by the M3 motorway and to the north-east by the "Lightwater Bypass" (A322). To the south-east it is bounded by the "Red Road" (B311), while to the south-west there are vehicle-testing tracks owned by the Ministry of Defence.

The village is adjacent to junction 3 of the M3 motorway. The nearest railway station is at Bagshot, on the line between Ascot and Aldershot. Lightwater is part of the civil parish of Windlesham, which has a population of 17,000 and also includes the neighbouring village of Bagshot.[2]
Response: Lightwater is in Surrey Heath district in Surrey. It is in the civil parish of Windlesham.
Instruction: How many of Farington's buildings are designated Grade 3?
Input: Farington is a civil parish in the South Ribble district of Lancashire, England. It contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All of the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".[1] The parish is largely residential and contains the former villages of Farington and Farington Moss. The listed buildings comprise houses and associated structures, and a church.
Response: None of Farington's buildings are designated Grade 3. All of Farington's buildings are designated Grade II (Grade 2).
Instruction: What is the population in Suwon?
Input: Suwon[a] (Korean: 수원; Hanja: 水原; lit. Waterfield, Korean pronunciation: [sʰu.wʌn]) is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province which surrounds Seoul, the national capital. Suwon lies about 30 km (19 mi) south of Seoul. It is traditionally known as "The City of Filial Piety". With a population close to 1.3 million, it is larger than Ulsan, although it is not governed as a metropolitan city.
Response: The population in Suwon is close to 1.3 million.
Instruction: When were the most recent eruptions of Mount Hood?
Input: The last three eruptions at Mount Hood occurred within the past 1,800 years from vents high on the southwest flank and produced deposits that were distributed primarily to the south and west along the Sandy and Zigzag rivers. The last eruptive period took place around 220 to 170 years ago, when dacitic lava domes, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced without major explosive eruptions. The prominent Crater Rock just below the summit is hypothesized to be the remains of one of these now-eroded domes. This period includes the last major eruption of 1781 to 1782 with a slightly more recent episode ending shortly before the arrival of the explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The latest minor eruptive event occurred in August 1907.
Response: Mount Hood most recently erupted around 220 to 170 years ago. The most recent major Mount Hood eruptions occurred between the years of 1781 to 1782 and again in 1805. The latest minor eruption occurred in August 1907.
Instruction: What was the Battle of Midway?
Input: The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place from 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea.[7][8][9] The U.S. Navy under Admirals Chester W. Nimitz, Frank J. Fletcher, and Raymond A. Spruance defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chūichi Nagumo, and Nobutake Kondō north of Midway Atoll, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet. Military historian John Keegan called it "the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare",[10] while naval historian Craig Symonds called it "one of the most consequential naval engagements in world history, ranking alongside Salamis, Trafalgar, and Tsushima Strait, as both tactically decisive and strategically influential"
Response: The Battle of Midway was the turning point of the Pacific Naval Campaign of WW2 and occurred June 4-7, 1942.  The US Navy, under Chester Nimitz defeated the Imperial Japanese Navy and sunk 4 of their aircraft carriers.  This was a significant setback for the Japanese and marked the first major defeat of the Imperial Japanese fleet in WW2.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Himmerland, which is the largest city in Himmerland?
Input: Himmerland is a peninsula in northeastern Jutland, Denmark. It is delimited to the north and the west by the Limfjord, to the east by the Kattegat, and to the south by the Mariager Fjord. The largest city is Aalborg; smaller towns include Hobro, Aars, Løgstør, Støvring and Nibe. In northeastern Himmerland is the Lille Vildmose, Denmark's largest raised bog, which sustains a rich bird life of international importance.
Response: Aalborg is the largest city in Himmerland.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about ext3, tell me why its better than ext2 and its successor.
Input: ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions. Stephen Tweedie first revealed that he was working on extending ext2 in Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem in a 1998 paper, and later in a February 1999 kernel mailing list posting. The filesystem was merged with the mainline Linux kernel in November 2001 from 2.4.15 onward.[3][4][5] Its main advantage over ext2 is journaling, which improves reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an unclean shutdown. Its successor is ext4
Response: ext3 is better than ext2 because of its journaling capabilities, which improve reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an unclean shutdown. The successor of ext3 is ext4.
Instruction: Correct the typos in these sentences
Input: Aziz career began on teh legal sector. He worked as a lawyer on Lebanon before being appointed as a jduge in 1947.
Response: Aziz's career began in the legal sector. He worked as a lawyer in Lebanon before being appointed as a judge in 1947.
Instruction: What are the official forms of written Norwegian?
Input: As established by law and government policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'). The official Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English.[citation needed] Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'), is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use.
Response: The two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål and Nynorsk.
Instruction: What is the Pizza history?
Input: Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.
The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta[3] and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in Italy and by emigrants from there. This changed after World War II when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.
Response: The history of pizza begins in antiquity, as various ancient cultures produced basic flatbreads with several toppings.

A precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flatbread known to the Romans as panis focacius, to which toppings were then added.[1] Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.[2]

The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta[3] and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in Italy and by emigrants from there. This changed after World War II when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.
Some commentators have suggested that the origins of modern pizza can be traced to pizzarelle, which were kosher for Passover cookies eaten by Roman Jews after returning from the synagogue on that holiday, though some also trace its origins to other Italian paschal bread.[10] Other examples of flatbreads that survive to this day from the ancient Mediterranean world are focaccia (which may date back as far as the ancient Etruscans); Manakish in the Levant, coca (which has sweet and savory varieties) from Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands; the Greek Pita; Lepinja in the Balkans; or Piadina in the Romagna part of Emilia-Romagna in Italy
Instruction: Give a list of proper nouns in the passage.
Input: Kendall Boiler and Tank Company Building is a one-story commercial edifice located on 275 Third Street in Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The brick building was formerly owned by the Kendall Boiler and Tank Company and is part of the Blake and Knowles Steam Pump Company National Register District, on the National Register of Historic Places.
Response: Kendall Boiler and Tank Company Building
Third Street
Kendall Square
Cambridge
Massachusetts
Kendall Boiler and Tank Company
Blake and Knowles Steam Pump Company National Register District
National Register of Historic Places
Instruction: Which chapel on Rutger's campus was built 7 years after the New Jersey College for Women?
Input: Voorhees Chapel is one of two chapels on the campus of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Built in 1925 with a donation from Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees, wife of Rutgers trustee Ralph Voorhees, the chapel once served the community of Douglass College. Douglass, founded the New Jersey College for Women (founded in 1918), was the women's residential college at Rutgers.
Response: The Voorhees Chapel was built in 1925, seven years after the New Jersey College for Women was founded by Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees.
Instruction: What was the primary mode of transportation across the San Francisco bay prior to the Golden Gate Bridge?
Input: Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay. A ferry service began as early as 1820, with a regularly scheduled service beginning in the 1840s for the purpose of transporting water to San Francisco.

The Sausalito Land and Ferry Company service, launched in 1867, eventually became the Golden Gate Ferry Company, a Southern Pacific Railroad subsidiary, the largest ferry operation in the world by the late 1920s. Once for railroad passengers and customers only, Southern Pacific's automobile ferries became very profitable and important to the regional economy. The ferry crossing between the Hyde Street Pier in San Francisco and Sausalito Ferry Terminal in Marin County took approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle,[when?] a price later reduced to compete with the new bridge. The trip from the San Francisco Ferry Building took 27 minutes.
Response: The only (practical) way to get across the San Francisco Bay prior to 1937 was by Ferry. The Golden Gate Ferry Company, which became the largest ferry operation by the late 1920's, was established in 1867 as the Sausalito Land & Ferry Company. The ferry would take approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle.
Instruction: Who is Jorge Luis Borges?
Input: Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (/ˈbɔːrhɛs/;[2] Spanish: [ˈboɾxes] (listen); 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, as well as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known books, Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are collections of short stories exploring themes of dreams, labyrinths, chance, infinity, archives, mirrors, fictional writers and mythology.[3] Borges's works have contributed to philosophical literature and the fantasy genre, and have had a major influence on the magic realist movement in 20th century Latin American literature.[4]
Response: Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (/ˈbɔːrhɛs/;[2] Spanish: [ˈboɾxes] (listen); 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, as well as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known books, Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are collections of short stories exploring themes of dreams, labyrinths, chance, infinity, archives, mirrors, fictional writers and mythology.[3] Borges's works have contributed to philosophical literature and the fantasy genre, and have had a major influence on the magic realist movement in 20th century Latin American literature.[4]

Born in Buenos Aires, Borges later moved with his family to Switzerland in 1914, where he studied at the Collège de Genève. The family travelled widely in Europe, including Spain. On his return to Argentina in 1921, Borges began publishing his poems and essays in surrealist literary journals. He also worked as a librarian and public lecturer. In 1955, he was appointed director of the National Public Library and professor of English Literature at the University of Buenos Aires. He became completely blind by the age of 55. Scholars have suggested that his progressive blindness helped him to create innovative literary symbols through imagination.[Note 1] By the 1960s, his work was translated and published widely in the United States and Europe. Borges himself was fluent in several languages.

In 1961, he came to international attention when he received the first Formentor Prize, which he shared with Samuel Beckett. In 1971, he won the Jerusalem Prize. His international reputation was consolidated in the 1960s, aided by the growing number of English translations, the Latin American Boom, and by the success of García Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude.[5] He dedicated his final work, The Conspirators, to the city of Geneva, Switzerland.[6] Writer and essayist J. M. Coetzee said of him: "He, more than anyone, renovated the language of fiction and thus opened the way to a remarkable generation of Spanish-American novelists."[7]
Instruction: Where was the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships held?
Input: The 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2018. They took place in the Netherlands at the Omnisport Apeldoorn from 28 February to 4 March 2018.[1][2]
Response: The UCI Track Cycling World Championships were held in Omnisport Apeldoorn velodrome, in the Netherlands.
Instruction: Which of the following films came out after 1948?
Input: La buenaventura (1934)
Grand Canary (1934)
Tripping Through the Tropics (1934)
Tres Amores (1934)
El cantante de Napoles (1935)
Julieta Buys a Son (1935)
Rosa de Francia (1935)
El crimen de media noche (1936)
El capitan Tormenta (1936)
Song of the Gringo (1936)
Fiesta (1941)
The Face of Marble (1946)
Gilda (1946)
Two Years Before the Mast (1946)
Secret Beyond the Door... (1947)
Secret of the Incas (1954)
The Rose Tattoo (1955)
The Bottom of the Bottle (1956)
Lawman (1959 episode "The Outsider") as Mrs. Lebeau
Response: Secret of the Incas
The Rose Tattoo
The Bottom of the Bottle
Lawman
Instruction: From the given text, Please summarize the early life of Élodie Yung
Input: Yung was born in Paris, on 22 February 1981. Her father is Cambodian and her mother is French. She grew up in Seine-Saint-Denis. Her father enrolled her in karate classes at age 9, and she eventually became a black belt in her late teens. Yung earned a law degree at the University of Paris with the intention of becoming a judge. However, at the age of 29, she instead pursued acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
Response: 1. Yung was born on February 22, 1981, in Paris.
2. Her mother is French and her father is Cambodian.
3. Seine-Saint-Denis was where she grew up.
4. Her father enrolled her in karate lessons when she was nine years old, and in her late teens, she attained the rank of black belt.
5. Yung attended the University of Paris to obtain a law degree with the goal of becoming a judge.
The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art is where she pursued acting at the age of 29, nevertheless.
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Input: The 56.5 acres (22.9 ha) park is an example of a Depression Era public works project that was constructed between 1936 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA).[2] James Depew Edmundson, an Iowa attorney who grew up in Oskaloosa, gave a $20,000 bequest to the city to establish a park. City engineer Don Russell saw the New Deal program as an opportunity to add value to the project. The park is the work of landscape architect Ray F. Wyrick. Its structures were designed in the rustic style that was promoted by the National Park Service between 1916 and 1942 for parks supported by all levels of government.
Response: • James Depew Edmundson
• Don Russell
• Ray F. Wyrick
Instruction: Given a reference text about Ingwelala, tell me which game farms are on the reserve.
Input: Ingwelala is a private stakeholder nature reserve on the bank of the Nhlaralumi River[1] in the heart of the lowveld, about 65 km from the town of Hoedspruit. The reserve of some 3,000 hectares forms part of the Bushbuckridge Municipality, and adjoins the Umbabat Nature Reserve and the unfenced Kruger National Park.

Ingwelala includes the following game farms:

Argyle – 1,499 ha registered as Ingwelala Shareblock Ltd.
Buffelsbed – 1,018 ha registered as Buffelsbed Shareblock Ltd.
Goedehoop – 372 ha registered as Ingwelala Holdings Ltd.
Si Bon – 257 ha registered as Si Bon Property Holdings Ltd
Response: Argyle, Buffelsbed, Goedehoop, and Si Bon are the game farms on Ingwelala.
Instruction: Tell me some point by point details about Art Deco using given text as a reference
Input: Art Deco, short for the French Arts Décoratifs, and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920s and 1930s. Through styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, including how people look (clothing, fashion and jewelry), Art Deco has influenced bridges, buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), ships, ocean liners, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and everyday objects like radios and vacuum cleaners.
Response: 1.	A style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, Art Deco—short for the French Arts Décoratifs—first debuted in France in the 1910s, soon before World War I, and flourished in the United States and Europe in the 1920s and 1930s.  
2.	Art Deco has influenced bridges, buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), ships, ocean liners, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and common household items like radios and vacuum cleaners.
3.	Art Deco has also influenced styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, as well as how people look (clothing, fashion, and jewellery).
Instruction: What caused the 2007-2008 financial crisis?
Input: The preconditioning for the financial crisis were complex and multi-causal.[5][6][7] Almost two decades prior, the U.S. Congress had passed legislation encouraging financing for affordable housing.[8] However, in 1999, parts of the Glass-Steagall legislation, which had been adopted in 1933, were repealed, permitting financial institutions to commingle their commercial (risk-averse) and proprietary trading (risk-taking) operations.[9] Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for financial collapse was the rapid development in predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities.[10] This market development went unattended by regulators and thus caught the U.S. government by surprise.[11]
Response: Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for the financial collapse was the rapid development of predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities.
Instruction: Why is it called the Hawaiian pizza?
Input: The addition of pineapple to the traditional mix of tomato sauce and cheese, along with either ham or bacon, later became popular locally and eventually became a staple offering of pizzerias on a global scale. The name of this creation is, in fact, actually not directly inspired by the U.S. state of Hawaii at all; Panopoulos chose the name Hawaiian after the brand of canned pineapple they were using at the time.
Response: The name comes from the canned pineapple brand
Instruction: Who is William Crump?
Input: William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician.
Response: Crump was a common councilman of Canterbury by 1500, chamberlain in 1503–1505, an alderman by 1505 and Mayor of Canterbury for 1505–06 and 1509–10. He was elected a Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent in 1510.
Instruction: Who is Tom Billeter
Input: Tom Billeter (born February 12, 1961) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head coach at Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He previously has been the head coach at North Dakota State University, as well as holding assistant coaching roles at a number of NCAA Division I colleges. He led Augustana to the 2016 NCAA Division II national championship and was named the national coach of the year in that season.
Response: Tom Billeter was born on February 12, 1961 and is an American college basketball coach, currently the head coach at Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He previously has been the head coach at North Dakota State University, as well as holding assistant coaching roles at a number of NCAA Division I colleges. He led Augustana to the 2016 NCAA Division II national championship and was named the national coach of the year in that season.
Instruction: What is the oldest known civilization?
Input: Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization. Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Indus Valley, and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in the Old World.[1][2] Cradles of civilization in the New World are the Caral-Supe civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico. All of the cradles of civilization depended upon agriculture for sustenance (except possibly Caral-Supe which may have depended initially on marine resources). All depended upon farmers producing an agricultural surplus to support the centralized government, political leaders, priests, and public works of the urban centers of the civilization.

Less formally, the term "cradle of civilization" is often used to refer to other historic ancient civilizations, such as Greece or Rome, which have both been called the "cradle of Western civilization".
Response: The oldest known human civilizations are known to exist in Mesopotamia (Modern day Iraq), Indus Valley (a region located in modern-day Pakistan), Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
Instruction: Who was Neale James Cooper
Input: Neale James Cooper (24 November 1963 – 28 May 2018) was a Scottish football player and coach. He played as a midfielder during the 1980s and 1990s, most prominently for the Aberdeen team managed by Alex Ferguson, and later played for Aston Villa, Rangers, Reading, Dunfermline Athletic and Ross County. Cooper then became a coach, and worked as a manager in England with Hartlepool United (twice) and Gillingham, and in Scotland with Ross County and Peterhead.
Response: Neale James Cooper (24 November 1963 – 28 May 2018) was a Scottish football player and coach. He played as a midfielder during the 1980s and 1990s, most prominently for the Aberdeen team managed by Alex Ferguson, and later played for Aston Villa, Rangers, Reading, Dunfermline Athletic and Ross County.
Instruction: Where is Cabomba sometimes used for decoration but also utility?
Input: Cabomba is an aquatic plant genus, one of two belonging to the family Cabombaceae. It has divided submerged leaves in the shape of a fan (hence the vernacular name fanwort) and is much favoured by aquarists as an ornamental and oxygenating plant for fish tanks. Use in the aquarium trade has led to some species being introduced to other parts of the world, such as Australia, where they have become weeds.
Response: fish tanks
Instruction: Who is Sachin Tendulkar?
Input: Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar is an Indian former international cricketer who captained the Indian national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the all-time highest run-scorer in both ODI and Test cricket with more than 18,000 runs and 15,000 runs, respectively. He also holds the record for receiving the most man-of-the-match awards in international cricket.[
Response: Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar is an Indian former international cricketer who captained the Indian national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the all-time highest run-scorer in both ODI and Test cricket with more than 18,000 runs and 15,000 runs, respectively. He also holds the record for receiving the most man-of-the-match awards in international cricket.[
Instruction: According to this reference text about UVA, what years have UVA women won NCAA titles in rowing?
Input: In the 21st century alone, UVA teams have won seventeen NCAA championships. The men's teams have won recent NCAA titles in basketball (2019); lacrosse (2003, 2006, 2011, 2019, and 2021); baseball (2015); soccer (2009 and 2014); and tennis (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2022). UVA women have won recent NCAA titles in rowing (2010 and 2012) and swimming & diving (2021 and 2022). The Cavaliers rank first in the ACC (a power conference) with 22 men's NCAA Championships, and rank second in the conference with nine women's NCAA Championships.
Response: UVA women won NCAA titles in rowing in 2010 and 2012.