MiniLLM/dolly-processed huggingface dataset:
Instruction: After returning home after the Boer War, where did Wade work as a clinical tutor?
Input: In 1900, in response to a national call for volunteer doctors to serve in the Boer War, Wade enlisted as a civilian surgeon and was posted to join the Royal Scots Fusiliers at the 1st General Hospital in Wynberg. He went on to serve at the 1st General Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa. He was awarded the Queen's Medal with four clasps.[3] On his return home after two years, Wade became clinical tutor under Professor Francis Mitchell Caird, Professor of Clinical Surgery at Edinburgh University. At the same time, he was appointed as a demonstrator in anatomy and then pathology at the University of Edinburgh. In 1903, he was appointed museum conservator at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and became a fellow of the college.[2]
Response: After returning home, Wade worked as a clinical tutor at Edinburgh University.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Love Island UK Season 9, Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan won the final vote by what percent?
Input: On 13 March 2023, the series was won by Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan with 43.75% of the final vote, becoming the first couple formed during the Casa Amor twist to win the series. Lana Jenkins and Ron Hall finished as runners-up.
Response: 43.75%
Instruction: Given this reference text about Neonatology, tell me which specialty it is related to, and where it is typically practiced.
Input: Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The principal patients of neonatologists are newborn infants who are ill or require special medical care due to prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations (birth defects), sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia or birth asphyxia.
Response: Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics, which is typically practiced in a hospital's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, often referred to as a NICU.
Instruction: What is Mozart’s contribution to the music?
Input: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in more than 800 works of virtually every genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded as among the greatest composers in the history of Western music, with his music admired for its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture".
Response: Mozart contributed more than 800 pieces of music that are known for melodic beauty, elegance and richness.
Instruction: Given the reference text about the Emancipation Proclamation, approximately how many enslaved African Americans were freed?
Input: The Emancipation Proclamation, officially Proclamation 95,[2][3] was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War. The Proclamation changed the legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free. As soon as slaves escaped the control of their enslavers, either by fleeing to Union lines or through the advance of federal troops, they were permanently free. In addition, the Proclamation allowed for former slaves to "be received into the armed service of the United States".
Response: Approximately 3.5 million enslaved African Americans were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation.
Instruction: Where is Laskowice?
Input: Laskowice [laskɔˈvit͡sɛ] (also known as Laskowice Pomorskie; German: Laskowitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżewo, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Jeżewo, 8 km (5 mi) north of Świecie, 51 km (32 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz, and 52 km (32 mi) north of Toruń.

The village has a population of 2,500. It is a major rail junction, where the Bydgoszcz-Gdynia line merges with the connection to Warsaw, via Grudziądz.
Response: Laskowice is a village in north-central Poland
Instruction: Summarize this paragraph about Candie Carawan's Highlander Center activism.
Input: At one point during her career in activism, after two weeks of sit-ins she was arrested and put into jail. While in jail, the guards separated the white women from the black women. "The only connection we had with the others was the music".[7] However, with these sit-ins, she helped contribute to the abolishing of lunch-counter segregation in Nashville. Candie notes how she was "naive" saying "I was sure we would have just a few sit-ins, point out to the nation that there was something wrong, and the world would change."[7] In 1966, the SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership.[8][9] Candie says SNCC should get more credit for reducing the fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement.
Response: Candie was an activist who helped contribute to the abolishment of lunch counter segregation in Nashville by participating in sit-ins.  She notes that she was naive and thought a few sit-ins would bring awareness and cause the world to change.  She was arrested after two weeks of participation in these sit-ins.  The SNCC voted to remove whites from their membership in 1966, and Candie believes they should receive more credit for reducing fear in Mississippi and prompting many people to join the movement.
Instruction: Who wrote the song House of Love
Input: "House of Love" is a song by Australian duo Vika and Linda. It was released as the second single from her debut studio album Vika and Linda (1994). It peaked at number 98 in Australia[2] and 32 in New Zealand.[3]
Response: House of Love is a song by Australian duo Vika and Linda. It was released as the second single from her debut studio album Vika and Linda (1994). It peaked at number 98 in Australia and 32 in New Zealand.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Tujhse He Raabta, tell me who played the main role in the film.
Input: Tujhse He Raabta is a 2015 Pakistani television film directed by Nivdeita Basu and written by Moomal Shunaid. This television film was produced by Saurabh Pandey[1] and co-produced by Yasir Shah under the banner of White Light Army Pictures.[2] It was first aired on Geo Television on 15 February 2015 at 7:00 p.m. in Pakistan.

It features Sara Khan as the lead role in this television film.[3][4][5] She rose to fame with her appearance in the Indian soap “Bidaai” while her co-lead, Yasir Shah, is a Pakistani actor, producer, screenwriter and model who started his acting career in India. The special feature of this telefilm is the high-red production camera due to which it has feature film quality.
Response: Sara Khan played the lead role in the film Tujhse He Raabta.
Instruction: Who was Bosch's dad?
Input: Bosch's mother was a prostitute in Hollywood who was murdered on October 28, 1961, when Bosch was 11 years old. His father, who he met later in life, was Mickey Haller Sr., a prominent defense attorney known for representing mobster Mickey Cohen, among other clients.
Response: Bosch's father was Mickey Haller Sr. a well known defense lawyer.
Instruction: What is the best-selling single worldwide?
Input: According to Guinness World Records, Irving Berlin's "White Christmas" (1942) as performed by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single worldwide, with estimated sales of over 50 million copies.[1] The song, recognized as "the best-selling single of all time", was released before the pop/rock singles-chart era and "was listed as the world's best-selling single in the first-ever Guinness Book of Records (published in 1955) and—remarkably—still retains the title more than 50 years later".
Response: The best-selling single worldwide, according to Guinness World Records, is Irving Berlin's "White Christmas", which was performed by Bing Crosby in 1942 with over 50 million copies sold.
Instruction: Who was Robert Ross Munro?
Input: Robert Ross Munro, OBE, OC (September 6, 1913 - June 21, 1990) was the Canadian Press's lead war correspondent in Europe in World War II. He covered a Canadian raid in Spitsbergen, the 1942 raid on Dieppe, the Allied landings in Sicily, the Italian campaign, D-Day and the campaign in Northwestern Europe. His memoirs of the campaigns, published as From Gauntlet to Overlord, won the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction in 1945. He later covered the Korean War, and after retiring as a war correspondent became publisher of the Vancouver Daily Province, the Winnipeg Tribune, and the Edmonton Journal. Munro was appointed OBE in 1946 and OC in 1975.[1]
Response: Robert Ross Munro was a twentieth century journalist and the Canadian Press's lead war correspondent in Europe during World War II. He covered numerous campaigns, from Spitsbergen, Dieppe, Sicily, Normandy, and the broader campaign in Northwestern Europe. After the war, Munro published his memoirs of the campaigns, titled "From Gauntlet to Overlord," which won the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction in 1945. He also later covered the Korean War, before retiring from military correspondence to become publisher of several Canadian periodicals, including the Vancouver Daily Province, the Winnipeg Tribune, and the Edmonton Journal. Munro was honored for his work with an appointment to the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.
Instruction: What were the original four federal holidays in the United States?
Input: The history of federal holidays in the United States dates back to June 28, 1870, when Congress created federal holidays "to correspond with similar laws of States around the District...and...in every State of the Union."[3] Although at first applicable only to federal employees in the District of Columbia, Congress extended coverage in 1885 to all federal employees.

The original four holidays in 1870 were:

New Year's Day
Independence Day
Thanksgiving Day
Christmas Day
Response: The original four federal holidays in the United States were New Year's Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Instruction: How many national championships had Youngstown State Penguins football team won prior to 1991?
Input: The 1991 Youngstown State Penguins football team represented Youngstown State University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Penguins were led by sixth-year head coach Jim Tressel and played their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They finished the season 12–3. They received an at-large bid to the I-AA playoffs, where they defeated Villanova, Nevada, and Samford to advance to the National Championship Game, where they defeated Marshall. This was their first national championship in school history.
Response: None. 1991 was their first national championship in school history so there weren't any prior national championships for Youngstown State Penguins football team.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the number of bags of coffee São Paulo produced in 1888.
Input: Coffee production attracted immigrants in search of better economic opportunities in the early 1900s. Mainly, these were Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, German, and Japanese nationals. For instance, São Paulo received approximately 733,000 immigrants in the decade preceding 1900, whilst only receiving approximately 201,000 immigrants in the six years to 1890. The production yield of coffee increases. In 1880, São Paulo produced 1.2 million bags (25% of total production), in 1888 2.6 million (40%), and in 1902 8 million bags (60%). Coffee is then 63% of the country's exports. The gains made by this trade allow sustained economic growth in the country.
Response: São Paulo produced 2.6 million bags of coffee in 1888.
Instruction: What is fiscal policy in economics and political science?
Input: In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy. The use of government revenue expenditures to influence macroeconomic variables developed in reaction to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the previous laissez-faire approach to economic management became unworkable.
Response: In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy. The use of government revenue expenditures to influence macroeconomic variables developed in reaction to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the previous laissez-faire approach to economic management became unworkable. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of the British economist John Maynard Keynes, whose Keynesian economics theorised that government changes in the levels of taxation and government spending influence aggregate demand and the level of economic activity. Fiscal and monetary policy are the key strategies used by a country's government and central bank to advance its economic objectives. The combination of these policies enables these authorities to target inflation (which is considered "healthy" at the level in the range 2%–3%) and to increase employment. Additionally, it is designed to try to keep GDP growth at 2%–3% and the unemployment rate near the natural unemployment rate of 4%–5%.[1] This implies that fiscal policy is used to stabilise the economy over the course of the business cycle.[2]

Changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending can affect macroeconomic variables, including:

aggregate demand and the level of economic activity
saving and investment
income distribution
allocation of resources.
Fiscal policy can be distinguished from monetary policy, in that fiscal policy deals with taxation and government spending and is often administered by a government department; while monetary policy deals with the money supply, interest rates and is often administered by a country's central bank. Both fiscal and monetary policies influence a country's economic performance.
Instruction: Currently, does Porthcurno mainly comprise farms and fisherman's cottages?
Input: Porthcurno is largely not farms or fisherman's cottages today, having its linear centre inland, centred 6.6 miles (10.6 km) west of the railway, market and resort town of Penzance and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from Land's End, the most westerly point of the English mainland. In the most local-level organisational and community bodies, it is in civil and ecclesiastical parishes named Saint Levan and usually spelt as St Leven since the 18th century.
Response: No
Instruction: There is a movie "Slow burn". Can you help me summarize some important points about this movie
Input: Slow Burn is a 1989 film directed by John Eyres and starring Ivan Rogers, William Smith, Anthony James and Stephen M.D. Chang. A veteran cop's partner is killed by a Mafia hitman, and he goes after him. Also on the trail of the hitman is a rookie cop who has his own personal reasons for pursuing him.
Response: 1. The 1989 movie Slow Burn, starring Ivan Rogers, William Smith, Anthony James, and Stephen M.D. Chang, was directed by John Eyres.
2. A Mafia hitman kills a veteran cop's partner, and the veteran cop then pursues the hitman.
3. A rookie cop who is pursuing the hitman for personal reasons is also after him.
Instruction: What are some of the benefits of first-mover advantage?
Input: In marketing strategy, first-mover advantage (FMA) is the competitive advantage gained by the initial ("first-moving") significant occupant of a market segment. First-mover advantage enables a company or firm to establish strong brand recognition, customer loyalty, and early purchase of resources before other competitors enter the market segment.

First movers in a specific industry are almost always followed by competitors that attempt to capitalize on the first movers' success. These followers are also aiming to gain market share; however, most of the time the first-movers will already have an established market share, with a loyal customer base that allows them to maintain their market share.
Response: First-mover advantage may enable a company or firm to gain competitive advantage by establishing customer loyalty, strong brand recognition, and early purchase of inputs before other competitors enter the market.
Instruction: Where did Jackson move to become an actor?
Input: In Seattle, Jackson worked as an ad executive at a magazine and did some theater work on the side, earning his Equity card. "As soon as I found out what theater was, what Broadway was, I thought, 'Oh, that's what I'll do with my life.' Just a matter of getting all the pieces in place", he said. Inspired to rethink his career after the September 11 attacks, he moved to New York City to pursue his dream of being an actor: "[Acting] was something I always wanted to do but I was too scared and didn't have the confidence. 9/11 changed everything for all of us. It gave me the urgency."
Response: New York City
Instruction: Who created Craigslist?
Input: Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately-held American company[5] operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums.

Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000, and now covers 70 countries.
Response: Craig Newmark created Craigslist in 1995. It started as an email distribution list to friends that featured local events in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Instruction: Is ABAKO no longer an active political party?
Input: The Alliance of Bakongo (French: Alliance des Bakongo, or ABAKO) was a Congolese political party, founded by Edmond Nzeza Nlandu, but headed by Joseph Kasa-Vubu, which emerged in the late 1950s as vocal opponent of Belgian colonial rule in what today is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Additionally, the organization served as the major ethno-religious organization for the Kongo people (also known as Bakongo) and became closely intertwined with the Kimbanguist Church which was extremely popular in the lower Congo.
Response: Correct, The Alliance of Bakongo, or ABAKO, is no longer a political party.
Instruction: Extract the occupations of Elie Wiesel from the text.
Input: Elie Wiesel (/ˈɛli viːˈzɛl/, born Eliezer Wiesel, Yiddish: אליעזר װיזעל Eliezer Vizel;[4][5] September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor.
Response: Writer, Professor, Activist
Instruction: Provide some key points about popular game Super Buster Bros from the given passage
Input: Super Buster Bros., released as Super Pang (スーパーパン) outside of North America, is a cooperative two-player shooting puzzle arcade video game developed by Mitchell and released in the United States in 1990 by Capcom. It is the second game in the Pang series and was ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. It is also featured in the compilations Buster Bros. Collection for the original PlayStation and Capcom Puzzle World for PlayStation Portable. It was the tenth game released for the CP System hardware.
Response: 1. Mitchell created the cooperative two-player shooting puzzle arcade video game Super Buster Bros., which was published by Capcom in the United States in 1990 under the name Super Pang outside of North America.
2. It was transferred to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992 and is the second game in the Pang series.
3. It's included in compilations like Buster Bros.
4. Both Capcom Puzzle World for the PlayStation Portable and the Collection for the original PlayStation.
5. The CP System hardware had just received its tenth game release.
Instruction: Which team won the 2023 NCAA Men's National Championship?
Input: The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas.
Response: The University of Connecticut Huskies
Instruction: Who is the first chairman of Chine?
Input: Mao Zedong[a] (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism.
Response: Mao Zedong is the first chairman of the People's Republic of China, he is also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary and the founder of the People's Republic of China. He served as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976
Instruction: What K-pop group did Kang Se-jung sing for?
Input: Kang Se-jung (born January 15, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut as a singer for the K-pop girl group Papaya in 2000; the group released two albums before disbanding in 2001. Kang began acting full-time in 2004, and has appeared in television series such as Assorted Gems (2009) and Heartless City (2013). Upon turning to acting, she used the stage name Go Na-eun before reverting to use of her birth name in 2017.
Response: Papaya
Instruction: Based on this passage, what is the average number of people per family in Zangisheh?
Input: Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh)[1] is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families.[2]
Response: I can only tell you what it was in 2006, because this is when the survey data provided is from. The average number of people per family at that time is the population divided by the number of families, or 153 / 34.
Instruction: According to the passage below, what is Reinforcement Learning?
Input: Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning.

Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input/output pairs to be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge).[1]
Response: In machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) is a domain concerned with how intelligent agents respond to maximize their total rewards. Alongside supervised and unsupervised learning, it is one of 3 types of machine learning. Unlike supervised learning, RL does not require labeled data.
Instruction: How do compilers use IR?
Input: An intermediate language is the language of an abstract machine designed to aid in the analysis of computer programs. The term comes from their use in compilers, where the source code of a program is translated into a form more suitable for code-improving transformations before being used to generate object or machine code for a target machine.
Response: Compilers translate the source code of a program to an intermediate representation (IR), which is a form more suitable for performing code transformations before generating object code for the target machine.
Instruction: Who was Thomas Ransom
Input: Thomas Harvey Ransom (August 8, 1870 – June 3, 1946) was an American football and basketball coach and a doctor.
Response: Thomas Harvey Ransom (August 8, 1870 – June 3, 1946) was an American football and basketball coach and a doctor.
Instruction: How is Praveen Babi remembered in Indian pop culture reference?
Input: Mahesh Bhatt, Babi's former partner, wrote and directed Arth (1982), a supposedly semi-autobiographical film about his relationship with Babi, and wrote and produced Woh Lamhe (2006) directed by his nephew Mohit Suri, based on his recollection and interpretation of his relationship with Babi and without any inputs from her.[46]

Designer Manish Malhotra said: "Parveen Babi brought minimalism into fashion. She was always impeccable, not overdoing it even once."[47]
Response: Praveen Babi was a fashion icon of India. She was always dressed to impress and brought minimalism into fashion. Her ex-boyfriend made a couple of movies about his relationship with her in the movies Arth and Woh Lamhe.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about salmon, give me an overview of their lifecycle.
Input: Salmon are typically anadromous: they hatch in the gravel beds of shallow fresh water streams, migrate to the ocean as adults and live like sea fish, then return to fresh water to reproduce. However, populations of several species are restricted to fresh water throughout their lives. Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn, and tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true. A portion of a returning salmon run may stray and spawn in different freshwater systems; the percent of straying depends on the species of salmon. Homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory.
Response: Salmon hatch in fresh water streams, migrate to the ocean as adults, then return to fresh water to reproduce.
Instruction: Who wrote the book that the TV show Shantaram is based on?
Input: Some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.
Response: Gregory David Roberts wrote the novel Shantaram.
Instruction: How is electricity generated?
Input: Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery (transmission, distribution, etc.) to end users or its storage (using, for example, the pumped-storage method).

The first power plants used water power or coal. Today, various energy sources are used, such as coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric, wind, and oil, as well as solar energy, tidal power, and geothermal sources.
Response: Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery (transmission, distribution, etc.) to end users or its storage (using, for example, the pumped-storage method).

Electricity is not freely available in nature, so it must be "produced" (transforming other forms of energy into electricity). Production is carried out in power stations (also called "power plants"). Electricity is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. Other energy sources include solar photovoltaics and geothermal power. There are also exotic and speculative methods to recover energy, such as proposed fusion reactor designs which aim to directly extract energy from intense magnetic fields generated by fast-moving charged particles generated by the fusion reaction.
Instruction: Given the following paragraph on the water cycle, what forms of precipitation do exist?
Input: Most water vapors found mostly in the ocean returns to it, but winds carry water vapor over land at the same rate as runoff into the sea, about 47 Tt per year whilst evaporation and transpiration happening in land masses also contribute another 72 Tt per year. Precipitation, at a rate of 119 Tt per year over land, has several forms: most commonly rain, snow, and hail, with some contribution from fog and dew.[66] Dew is small drops of water that are condensed when a high density of water vapor meets a cool surface. Dew usually forms in the morning when the temperature is the lowest, just before sunrise and when the temperature of the earth's surface starts to increase.[67] Condensed water in the air may also refract sunlight to produce rainbows.
Response: Water can precipitate in the form of rain, snow, and hail as well as in the form of fog and dew. Rain is the most common form of precipitation.
Instruction: What is Passover?
Input: Passover is a major Jewish holiday that celebrates the Biblical story of the Israelites' escape from slavery in Egypt.
Response: Passover is a major Jewish holiday that celebrates the Biblical story of the Israelites' escape from slavery in Egypt.
Instruction: Share some information regarding the Red Telephone box from the given text
Input: From 1926 onwards, the fascias of the kiosks were emblazoned with a prominent crown, representing the British government. The red phone box is often seen as a British cultural icon throughout the world. In 2006, the K2 telephone box was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons, which included the Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, London tube map, World Wide Web, Concorde and the AEC Routemaster bus. In 2009, the K2 was selected by the Royal Mail for their "British Design Classics" commemorative postage stamp issue.
Response: 1.	The fascias of the kiosks began to bear a conspicuous crown, which stood in for the British government, in 1926.
2.	The red phone box is very often seen as a British cultural icon all over the world.
3.	In the year 2006, the K2 telephone box was voted one of Britain's top 10 design icons, which included the Mini, Supermarine Spitfire, London tube map, World Wide Web, Concorde and the AEC Routemaster bus.
4.	In the year 2009, the K2 was selected by the Royal Mail for their "British Design Classics" commemorative postage stamp issue.
Instruction: What instruments did Henri Chaix play?
Input: Chaix was born in Geneva, but both of his parents were French citizens; he studied at the Conservatoire de Musique de Genève but never became a Swiss national. In 1943 he joined Loys Choquart's Dixie Dandies ensemble, and in 1951 was a sideman for Claude Aubert's band, a group he would eventually become the leader of. He also began recording under his own name in the 1950s, both on solo piano and with ensembles, and worked as a sideman for American expatriates such as Sidney Bechet, Bill Coleman, and Albert Nicholas. He worked frequently as a leader in the 1960s and did many of his own arrangements; Roger Zufferey and Michel Pilet were some of his sideman. He also worked in the 1960s with Milt Buckner, Benny Carter, Buck Clayton, Guy Lafitte, Ray Nance, Rex Stewart, and Ben Webster.
Response: Henri Chaix was a talented musician who played the solo piano and with ensembles.
Instruction: Given this text about gradient descent, what is gradient descent, and who invented it?
Input: In mathematics, gradient descent (also often called steepest descent) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. The idea is to take repeated steps in the opposite direction of the gradient (or approximate gradient) of the function at the current point, because this is the direction of steepest descent. Conversely, stepping in the direction of the gradient will lead to a local maximum of that function; the procedure is then known as gradient ascent.

Gradient descent is generally attributed to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847.[1] Jacques Hadamard independently proposed a similar method in 1907.[2][3] Its convergence properties for non-linear optimization problems were first studied by Haskell Curry in 1944,[4] with the method becoming increasingly well-studied and used in the following decades.[5][6]
Response: In mathematics,  gradient descent (also often called steepest descent) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. Gradient descent is generally attributed to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847
Instruction: Based on the following paragraph on paleontology, what's the difference between paleontology and archaeology?
Input: Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of anatomically modern humans. It now uses techniques drawn from a wide range of sciences, including biochemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Use of all these techniques has enabled paleontologists to discover much of the evolutionary history of life, almost all the way back to when Earth became capable of supporting life, nearly 4 billion years ago.[4] As knowledge has increased, paleontology has developed specialised sub-divisions, some of which focus on different types of fossil organisms while others study ecology and environmental history, such as ancient climates.
Response: Paleontology differs from archaeology in that archaeology includes the study of anatomically modern humans whereas paleontology does not.
Instruction: From the passage provided, what is the name of the group that the player character is a part of?
Input: Elden Ring takes place in the Lands Between, a fictional landmass ruled over by several demigods. It was previously ruled over by the immortal Queen Marika, who acted as keeper of the Elden Ring, a powerful force that manifested as the physical concept of order. When Marika eventually shattered the Elden Ring and disappeared, her demigod children began warring over pieces of the Ring in an event called the Shattering. Each demigod possesses a shard of the Ring called a Great Rune, which corrupts them with power. In the game, the player character is a Tarnished, one of a group of exiles from the Lands Between who are summoned back after the Shattering. As one of the Tarnished, the player must traverse the realm to repair the Elden Ring and become the Elden Lord.
Response: The player character is a Tarnished.
Instruction: Does Jukebox contain many original songs?
Input: Jukebox is the eleventh studio album by Australian pop vocal group Human Nature released in October 2014. It contains covers from the 1950s and 1960s, with one original song, "End of Days"
Response: No, it contains covers from the 1950s and 1960s, with only one original song.
Instruction: What is the significance of a diploma?
Input: A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies.[1] Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.
Response: A diploma testifies the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies.
Instruction: What programming languages does freeCodeCamp teach to students?
Input: freeCodeCamp (also referred to as Free Code Camp) is a non-profit organization[3] that consists of an interactive learning web platform, an online community forum, chat rooms, online publications and local organizations that intend to make learning web development accessible to anyone. Beginning with tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript, students progress to project assignments that they complete either alone or in pairs. Upon completion of all project tasks, students are partnered with other nonprofits to build web applications, giving the students practical development experience.[4]
Response: freeCodeCamp is a non-profit organization that has tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Instruction: In what year was pickleball invented?
Input: The game was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington, at the summer home of Joel Pritchard, who later served in the United States Congress and as Washington's lieutenant governor. Pritchard and two of his friends, Barney McCallum and Bill Bell, are credited with devising the game and establishing the rules.
Response: Pickleball was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington.
Instruction: What's an AGI?
Input: An artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can.[1][2] AGI has also been defined alternatively as autonomous systems that surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work.[3] Developing AGI is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and for several AI companies such as OpenAI,[3] DeepMind,[4] and Anthropic, as well as a common topic in science fiction and futures studies.
Response: AGI (artificial general intelligence) refers to a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can. It has also been defined as autonomous agents that could surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work.
Instruction: Summarize what the network Bravo is about
Input: Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Television and Streaming division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. It currently mainly focuses on lifestyle reality television series targeted at 25-to-54-year-old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community.

As of January 2016, approximately 89,824,000 American households (77% of households with TV) receive Bravo.[1]
Response: Bravo is a television network that show reality TV shows which are targeted at 25-54 year old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community. Approximately 77% of households with a TV have access to Bravo.
Instruction: Identify the political office or offices Julius Steele Barnes held.
Input: Julius Steele Barnes (23 February 1792 – 12 November 1870) was an American physician. Besides being a skillful practitioner, and devoted to his calling, he also labored heartily for the social good of the community. He served one term as Connecticut State Senator, and held for a time the office of Judge of Probate.
Response: Julius Steele Barnes was a Connecticut State senator and a Judge of Probate.
Instruction: What is the study of semiconductors?
Input: Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, sensors and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes digital switching possible, and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications, and signal processing. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system.
Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems are part of electronics engineering.
Response: The underlying principles that explain how semiconductors work are studied in solid state physics.
Instruction: What is the play Esther?
Input: Esther is a play in three acts written in 1689 by the French dramatist, Jean Racine. It was premièred on January 26, 1689, performed by the pupils of the Maison royale de Saint-Louis, an educational institute for young girls of noble birth. The subject is taken from the biblical Book of Esther.
Response: Esther is a play written in 1689 by Jean Racine, a French dramatist. It premiered on January 26, 1689 and is about the biblical Book of Esther.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Mark Arminski, why was he famous and what did he study last while still at school?
Input: Mark Arminski is an American rock concert poster artist born in 1950 in Detroit, Michigan. He began studying art at the Oakland Community College and pursued printmaking in stone lithography at the Kalamazoo Institute of Arts. Rounding out his formal education was his stay at the Dynamic Graphics Education Foundation in Peoria, Illinois, where he studied computer generated art.
Response: Mark Arminski is an American rock concert poster artist.  He finished his formal education studying computer generated art.
Instruction: Who produced the album Exit the Dragon
Input: Exit the Dragon is the fifth album by American alternative rock group Urge Overkill, released in 1995.[9] Exit the Dragon is characterized as being a darker album than their previous album, Saturation.[10][11] It was their final album until 2011 saw the release of Rock & Roll Submarine, sixteen years after Exit the Dragon.
Response: Exit the Dragon is the fifth album by American alternative rock group Urge Overkill, released in 1995. Exit the Dragon is characterized as being a darker album than their previous album, Saturation. It was their final album until 2011 saw the release of Rock & Roll Submarine, sixteen years after Exit the Dragon.
Instruction: Give me a few key facts from the paragraph below
Input: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, /ˈneɪtoʊ/; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 31 member states – 29 European and two North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implemented the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949.[3][4] NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the perceived threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is animus in consulendo liber[5] (Latin for "a mind unfettered in deliberation").
Response: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established on April 4, 1949. As a military alliance, it serves as a unified defense organization for its member countries. For example, it served as a check against Russia during the Cold War. NATO has 31 member countries today.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the NFL, in what year was the Super Bowl first held?
Input: Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the rival American Football League (AFL), the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970
Response: 1967
Instruction: Who is considered the greatest rock drummer?
Input: John Bonham is considered the most influential drummers in rock. Bonham was ranked no. 1 on Classic Rock's 2005 list of 50 Greatest Drummers in Rock
Response: John Henry Bonham (31 May 1948 – 25 September 1980) was an English musician, best known as the drummer for the rock band Led Zeppelin. Esteemed for his speed, power, fast single-footed kick drumming, distinctive sound, and feel for groove, he is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential drummers in music history.
Instruction: Who is Ron Rivest?
Input: Ronald Linn Rivest is a cryptographer and an Institute Professor at MIT. He is a member of MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a member of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). His work has spanned the fields of algorithms and combinatorics, cryptography, machine learning, and election integrity. Rivest is one of the inventors of the RSA algorithm (along with Adi Shamir and Len Adleman). He is the inventor of the symmetric key encryption algorithms RC2, RC4, RC5, and co-inventor of RC6. The "RC" stands for "Rivest Cipher", or alternatively, "Ron's Code". (RC3 was broken at RSA Security during development; similarly, RC1 was never published.) He also authored the MD2, MD4, MD5 and MD6 cryptographic hash functions.
Response: Ron Rivest is a cryptographer and computer science professor at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). He is most well known as the inventor of the RSA public key cryptosystem (with Adi Shamir and Len Adleman). Rivest is also known as the inventor of the RC4 stream cipher and MD5 hash function.
Instruction: Has Thailand been part in the ABU TV Song Festival
Input: The participation of Thailand in the ABU TV Song Festival has occurred twice since the inaugural ABU TV Song Festival began in 2012. Since their début in 2013, the Thai entry has been organised by the national broadcaster Thai Public Broadcasting Service (TPBS). In 2015, Thailand withdrew from the festival.
Response: Indeed, Thailand has been participating in the ABU TV Song Festival. It has occurred twice since the inaugural ABU TV Song Festival began in 2012. Since their début in 2013, the Thai entry has been organised by the national broadcaster Thai Public Broadcasting Service (TPBS). In 2015, Thailand withdrew from the festival.
Instruction: Give me a simple summary of idempotency
Input: Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/,[1] US: /ˈaɪdəm-/)[2] is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870[3] in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).
Response: Idempotency is a mathematical property where if you apply an operation multiple times, the result remains the same -- just as if you had only applied the operation once. Idempotency can grant you at-most-once semantics.
Instruction: What is grep used for?
Input: grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search for a regular expression and print matching lines), which has the same effect. "grep" was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems and some others such as OS-9.
Response: grep is a popular Unix command that is used to search plain-text data sets for lines that match a pattern or regular expression. grep (global regular expression print) was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems.

An example of using the grep command to search for a keyword in a file: grep keyword file.txt

You can pipe the output of other commands into grep. For example, grep can be used to search a directory for a file: ls ~/Desktop | grep keyword