MiniLLM/dolly-processed huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Why is the sun more intense at high altitude
Input: The amount of heat energy received at any location on the globe is a direct effect of Sun angle on climate, as the angle at which sunlight strikes Earth varies by location, time of day, and season due to Earth's orbit around the Sun and Earth's rotation around its tilted axis. Seasonal change in the angle of sunlight, caused by the tilt of Earth's axis, is the basic mechanism that results in warmer weather in summer than in winter.Change in day length is another factor.

Presents a case when sunlight shines on Earth at a lower angle (Sun closer to the horizon), the energy of the sunlight is spread over a larger area, and is therefore weaker than if the Sun is higher overhead and the energy is concentrated on a smaller area.
Response: It's commonly known that the sun is more intense at higher altitudes. However, contrary to popular belief, the sun is not more intense due to being closer to the sun, but the angle of incidence of the sun. The angle of incidence is steeper, and therefore the density of the sun's  radiant energy is concentrated to a high density in a smaller area. This makes the sun's energy more intense
Instruction: By what other name does Bunnie DeFord go by?
Input: Jelly Roll is married to Bunnie DeFord aka Bunnie XO and has two children from a previous relationship.
Response: Bunnie XO
Instruction: Explain pickball
Input: Pickleball is an indoor or outdoor racket/paddle sport where two players (singles), or four players (doubles), hit a perforated hollow plastic ball over a 36-inch-high (0.91 m) net using solid-faced paddles. Opponents on either side of the net hit the ball back and forth until one side commits a rule infraction. Pickleball was invented in 1965 as a children's backyard game on Bainbridge Island, Washington, US. In 2022, pickleball was adopted as the official state sport of Washington.[2]
Response: Pickleball can be played both inside or outside. It's played with two or four placers and players. Players hit a hallow ball over a 36 inch net. Players hit back and forth until one side hits the ball out of bounce or not over the net.
Instruction: How many people visit the zoo in the US each year?
Input: A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes.[1]

The term zoological garden refers to zoology, the study of animals. The term is derived from the Greek ζώον, zoon, 'animal', and the suffix -λογία, -logia, 'study of'. The abbreviation zoo was first used of the London Zoological Gardens, which was opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1847.[2] In the United States alone, zoos are visited by over 181 million people annually.[3]
Response: 181 million people in the US visit the zoo annually each year.
Instruction: Based on the following paragraph about the campuses of the University of Georgia, which types of trees can be found on the campus?
Input: The campuses' dominant architectural themes are Federal, Classical and Antebellum style. Though there have been many additions, changes, and augmentations, the University of Georgia's campus maintains its historic character. In 2000, the entire campus was designated as an arboretum, the University of Georgia Campus Arboretum. It is estimated to be home to about 9,000 trees with over 154 identified species including native trees such magnolias, red oaks, white oaks, and beeches, as well as non-native trees such as the North Africa Atlas cedar, the Chinese parasol and royal paulownia, and the Japanese zelkova and black pine
Response: On the campuses of the University of Georgia one can find native tree species such as magnolias, red oaks, white oaks, and beeches. There are also non-native tree species to be found such as the North Africa Atlas cedar, the Chinese parasol and royal paulownia, and the Japanese zelkova and black pine.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the year  Indian National Congress was founded
Input: The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots.[29] Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.[a][30] From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.[31] The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,[d
Response: Indian National Congress was founded in 1885
Instruction: Is there a high school in Fairdale
Input: Fairdale High School is a high school located in the Fairdale area of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is part of the Jefferson County Public Schools. As of the 2013–14 school year, there were 1,804 students at the school.[3]
Response: Yes. The Fairdale High School is a high school located in the Fairdale area of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is part of the Jefferson County Public Schools. As of the 2013–14 school year, there were 1,804 students at the school.
Instruction: Does Rajasthan - the desert state of India, have winters?
Input: Summer
Due to the Desert Geography, frequently climb above 40 to 45 degrees Celsius in most places.

Due to its location, summers are the longest season in Rajasthan.

In this time tourist activities are very low.

Winter
The cold weather commences early in October and ends around the end of February and sometimes the temperatures reach nearly 2-degree celsius [*record in 1964 in JAIPUR the temperature reached 0-degree Celsius on 13 December.]
Response: Summers are the longest season in Rajasthan where the temperature climbs upto 40-45 degree celsius in most places. However, Rajasthan does witness winters every year starting from the month of October until February. Sometimes the temperature can be as low as around 2 degrees as well.
Instruction: How do cardiac pacemakers work?
Input: Modern pacemakers usually have multiple functions. The most basic form monitors the heart's native electrical rhythm. When the pacemaker wire or "lead" does not detect heart electrical activity in the chamber – atrium or ventricle – within a normal beat-to-beat time period – most commonly one second – it will stimulate either the atrium or the ventricle with a short low voltage pulse. If it does sense electrical activity, it will hold off stimulating. This sensing and stimulating activity continues on a beat by beat basis and is called "demand pacing". In the case of a dual-chamber device, when the upper chambers have a spontaneous or stimulated activation, the device starts a countdown to ensure that in an acceptable – and programmable – interval, there is an activation of the ventricle, otherwise again an impulse will be delivered.
Response: Pacemakers or cardiac pacemakers usually refer to artificial cardiac pacemakers, since our body has a natural cardiac pacemaker. 

The artificial cardiac pacemakers work by detecting electric signals through the conductive leads that are attached to the inside of heart walls, usually in atriums, and, in the absence of an electrical signal, generate one to stimulate the desired heart area, either an atrium or a ventricle.
Instruction: How many American's signed the Declaration of Independence?
Input: The Declaration of Independence was signed by 56 of America's Founding Fathers, who were Second Continental Congress delegates from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Declaration became one of the most circulated and widely reprinted documents in early American history.
Response: 56
Instruction: Who is Germain Damar?
Input: Germaine Damar (born August 31, 1929) is a Luxembourger actress and dancer. Sometimes she used the stage name Ria Poncelet. She started her career as an acrobat and played in nearly 30 German films, including three films in which she was the partner of Peter Alexander. In 1964, Damar retired and two years later her son Roman Martin Toporow was born. Her husband died in 1993, and Damar has since then lived with her son in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

In June 2011 the documentary Germaine Damar – Der tanzende Stern (Germaine Damar, the dancing star) by Michael Wenk was presented at the Luxembourg cinema Ciné Utopia. The former dancing star herself was present and even sang one of her old songs. The audience gave her a standing ovation.
Response: Germaine Damar was born on August 31, 1929 and is a Luxembourger actress and dancer. She's been in nearly 30 German films and started her career as an acrobat. In 1964, she retired from the film industry.
Instruction: per this reference of Itsunen Shoyu, who did he convince to bring Zen Buddhism to Japan?
Input: In 1642 he travelled to Nagasaki as a trader in Chinese medicine, and in 1644 entered Kofukuji Temple, becoming its 3rd abbot in 1645. Established by monks immigrated from China, the temple was then a base of the Ōbaku school of Zen Buddhism in Japan. In 1654 after multiple requests he succeeded in persuading Yinyuan Longqi (Ingen Ryuki), the 33rd abbot of Wanfu Temple (Mount Huangbo, Fujian) to emigrate to Japan, where he founded Ōbaku, the third and final major Japanese Zen sect.
Response: Yinyuan Longqi (Ingen Ryuki) the 33rd abbot of Wanfu Temple
Instruction: Given the paragraph about the Colnago C40, in which year was a Colnago-branded bicycle first ridden by the overall classification winner in the Tour de France?
Input: The C40 went on to win 5 editions of Paris-Roubaix in 6 years.[14] Surpringly, the victory of Tadej Pogačar in the 2020 edition of the Tour de France marked the first time a Colnago-branded bicycle was ridden by the overall classification winner, since Merckx's victories were aboard re-branded bikes.[15]
Response: 2020 was the first year a Colnago-branded bicycle was first ridden by the overall classification winner in the Tour de France.
Instruction: What are the Olympic Games?
Input: The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques)are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 teams, representing sovereign states and territories, participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, and since 1994, have alternated between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years during the four-year period.
Response: The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques)are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 teams, representing sovereign states and territories, participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, and since 1994, have alternated between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years during the four-year period.
Instruction: Extract the type of animals that a wolf would feed on
Input: Of all members of the genus Canis, the wolf is most specialized for cooperative game hunting as demonstrated by its physical adaptations to tackling large prey, its more social nature, and its highly advanced expressive behaviour, including individual or group howling. It travels in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair accompanied by their offspring. Offspring may leave to form their own packs on the onset of sexual maturity and in response to competition for food within the pack. Wolves are also territorial, and fights over territory are among the principal causes of mortality. The wolf is mainly a carnivore and feeds on large wild hooved mammals as well as smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage. Single wolves or mated pairs typically have higher success rates in hunting than do large packs. Pathogens and parasites, notably rabies virus, may infect wolves.
Response: A wolf would feed on large wild hooved mammals as well as smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage
Instruction: Please provide some information about Worcester Park railway station from the given passage
Input: Worcester Park railway station serves the Worcester Park area in south-west London, England. It is 10 miles 53 chains (17.2 km) down the line from London Waterloo. It opened in 1859 when the London and South Western Railway completed the Epsom branch. It was originally known as "Old Malden" and was renamed "Worcester Park" in 1862. Following substantial local housing development, the station was refurbished in the 1930s.
Response: 1. The Worcester Park neighbourhood in southwest London, England, is served by the Worcester Park railway station.
2. It is 10.53 chains (17.2 km) away from London Waterloo on the same line.
3. After the London and South Western Railway finished building the Epsom branch, it was inaugurated.
4. Worcester Park replaced the earlier designation of "Old Malden" in 1862.
5. The station was renovated in the 1930s after significant local housing construction.
Instruction: What kind of u-boat was the SM U-30
Input: SM U-30[Note 1] was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.[3]
Response: SM U-30 was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.
Instruction: How many Olympic venues are there for canoeing
Input: For the Summer Olympics there are 26 venues that have been or will be used in canoeing. Initially set for canoe sprint (flatwater racing until November 2008), canoe slalom (slalom racing until November 2008) was first added at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Dropped after those games, canoe slalom was reinstitute at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
Response: For the Summer Olympics there are 26 venues that have been or will be used in canoeing. Initially set for canoe sprint (flatwater racing until November 2008), canoe slalom (slalom racing until November 2008) was first added at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Dropped after those games, canoe slalom was reinstituted at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Games	Venue	Other sports hosted at venue for those games	Capacity	Ref.
1936 Berlin	Berlin-Grünau Regatta Course	Rowing	19,000	[1]
1948 London	Henley Royal Regatta	Rowing	Not listed.	[2]
1952 Helsinki	Taivallahti	None	Not listed.	[3]
1956 Melbourne	Lake Wendouree	Rowing	14,300	[4]
1960 Rome	Lake Albano	Rowing	10,000	[5]
1964 Tokyo	Lake Sagami	None	1,500	[6][7]
1968 Mexico City	Virgilio Uribe Rowing and Canoeing Course	Rowing	17,600	[8]
1972 Munich	Eiskanal (slalom)	None	25,000	[9]
Regattastrecke Oberschleißheim (sprint)	Rowing	41,000	[10]
1976 Montreal	Notre Dame Island	Rowing	27,000	[11]
1980 Moscow	Krylatskoye Sports Complex Canoeing and Rowing Basin	Rowing	21,600	[12]
1984 Los Angeles	Lake Casitas	Rowing	4,680	[13]
1988 Seoul	Han River Regatta Course/Canoeing Site	Rowing	25,000	[14]
1992 Barcelona	Canal Olímpic de Catalunya (sprint)	None	500	[15]
Parc Olímpic del Segre (slalom)	None	2,500	[16]
1996 Atlanta	Lake Lanier (sprint)	Rowing	17,300	[17][18]
Ocoee Whitewater Center (slalom)	None	14,400	[19][20]
2000 Sydney	Penrith Whitewater Stadium (slalom)	None	12,500	[21]
Sydney International Regatta Centre (sprint)	Rowing	20,000	[22]
2004 Athens	Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre (slalom)	None	3,150	[23]
Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre (sprint)	Rowing	14,000	[24]
2008 Beijing	Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park	Rowing, Swimming (marathon)	37,000	[25]
2012 London	Dorney Lake (sprint)	Rowing	30,000	[26]
Lee Valley White Water Centre (slalom)	None	12,000	[27]
2016 Rio de Janeiro	Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas (sprint)	Rowing	14,000	[28]
Olympic Whitewater Stadium (slalom)	None	8,000	[29]
2020 Tokyo	Kasai Rinkai Park (slalom)	None	7,500	
Sea Forest Waterway (sprint)	Rowing	12,800
Instruction: Which party Sam Jones was part of?
Input: Samuel Barry Jones (8 July 1923 – 26 January 1999) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1965 until 1984 and a member of the ALP.[1][2]

Early life
Samuel Barry Jones was born in Newcastle. He was the son of a steelworker and a brother of Charlie Jones. He was educated to intermediate level at Newcastle Boys' High School and trained as a fitter and turner. He was an office-holder in the Amalgamated Engineering Union.[1][2]

Political career
Sam Jones joined the Labor Party in 1945 and served as vice president and secretary of Tighes Hill branch, vice president of Newcastle and Waratah State Electorate Councils and secretary of Newcastle Federal Electorate Council.[1]
Response: Sam Jones (Samuel Barry Jones) served as vice president and secretary of the Labor Party in 1945.
Instruction: In reference to given text, Note some points about Kabenau River
Input: Kabenau River (also Gabina or St. Augustin River) is a river in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located at about 5.466667°S 145.85°E. It was discovered in 1887 by geologist C. Schneider and explored in 1888 by Hugo Zöller. It flows westward and empties near Rimba to the Astrolabe Bay.
Response: 1. The Kabenau River in Papua New Guinea's Madang Province is also known as the Gabina River or the St. Augustin River.
2. The coordinates are approximately 5.466667°S 145.85°E.
3. Geologist C. Schneider found it in 1887, and Hugo Zöller explored it in 1888.
4. It drains into Astrolabe Bay close to Rimba as it flows westward.
Instruction: When people go to Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém to get a pastel de nata, how do people usually eat it? And what is the recipe.
Input: Since the opening of Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém, the original recipe of the pastel de nata is kept in a secret room. The Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém is the most popular place to buy pastéis de nata; the shop is located just a short three-minute walk from the Jerónimos Monastery. The shop offers both takeout and sit-in services and sells over 20,000 pastéis de nata a day. Usually the tart is sprinkled with canela (cinnamon), and often accompanied with a bica (a strong espresso coffee).
Response: Typically people have their pastel de nata with cinnamon and a strong espresso coffee.
The original recipe is well kept secret since the Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém opened. It is stored on a secret room.
Instruction: What is a Chinese red envalope?
Input: A red envelope or red packet (simplified Chinese: 红包; traditional Chinese: 紅包; pinyin: hóngbāo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-pau) is a monetary gift given during holidays or for special occasions such as a wedding, a graduation, or the birth of a baby.
Response: A red envelope is usually for celebrations like weddings, birthdays, or graduations. Receiving a red pouch is a sign of good luck and to ward off evil spirits. Usually it contains money and people give them during the holidays. People usually put in even amount of money including 9 because it is a homophonous to the word long. 4 should never be given or using 4 in any of the digits because the pronunciation of 4 is similar to death.
Instruction: Based on the passage below, without quoting, give me a summary of the origins of the King James Version of the Bible.
Input: Burntisland Parish Church (also known as St Columba's, Burntisland) is a church building in the Fife burgh of Burntisland, constructed for the Church of Scotland in 1592. It is historically important as one of the first churches built in Scotland after the Reformation, with a highly distinctive and apparently original square plan. It is Category A listed for its architectural and historical importance.

In 1601 the church was the location of a meeting of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland which proposed to King James VI of Scotland that they work on a new Bible translation. When James became King James I of England he was able to devote resources to the production of what would ultimately become the King James Version.
Response: The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland suggested the creation of a new Bible translation to King James VI of Scotland. When James became the King of England, he helped them produce what became known as the King James Version of the Bible.
Instruction: Where is Allauch
Input: Allauch (French pronunciation: ​[alo]; Occitan: Alaug) is a French commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Allaudiens or Allaudiennes in French.[3]
Response: Allauch is a French commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Allaudiens or Allaudiennes in French.
Instruction: Who won the 2022 SEC softball Season?
Input: The 2022 SEC softball season began play Thursday, February 10, and conference play began on Thursday, March 11. The 2022 Southeastern Conference softball tournament was May 10-14 at Katie Seashole Pressly Softball Stadium in Gainesville, Florida. Arkansas played Missouri in the tournament final, winning by a score of 4–0. Vanderbilt University is the only full member of the Southeastern Conference to not sponsor a softball program.
Response: Arkansas won the SEC softball season beating Missouri by 4-0.
Instruction: Extract from the text the year in which Esko Olavi Ahonen was born
Input: Esko Olavi Ahonen (born June 13, 1955 in Evijärvi) is a Finnish politician and member of the parliament from the Centre Party. He was elected to Parliament of Finland in 2003 for the constituency of Vaasa. In the 2011 election he was dropped out of the parliament.
Response: 1955
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, how many churches are in the The Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland?
Input: The Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland (ABC, ABCi and ABCI) is a Baptist Christian denomination based in Ireland. It is a group of 117 autonomous Baptist churches working together in fellowship and evangelism, training and caring ministries. The association only acts on behalf of the churches for the work which the churches have agreed to do together.
Response: 117
Instruction: Who is John Schneider
Input: John Schneider is an actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is currently the Arts and Entertainment Editor for the Shepherd Express and a theatre arts professor at Marquette University.[1][2]
Response: John Schneider is an actor, theatre director, playwright, and musician based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is currently the Arts and Entertainment Editor for the Shepherd Express and a theatre arts professor at Marquette University.
Instruction: Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}
Input: William Brown Foley (November 15, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was a Major League Baseball third baseman. He played all or part of seven seasons in the majors, playing for five different teams in three different leagues. His career began in the National Association in 1875 with the Chicago White Stockings, and ended in the Union Association in 1884 with the Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies. From 1876 until 1879, he was the starting third baseman for the Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Grays.
Response: • November 15, 1855 - William Brown Foley was born on this date.
• November 12, 1916 - William Brown Foley passed away on this date.
• 1875 - This is when Foley's career began in the National Association with the Chicago White Stockings.
• 1884 - This is when Foley's career ended.
• 1876 until 1879 - This is when he was a starting third baseman for the Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Grays.
Instruction: Where was the heaviest A single filmed?
Input: "Nothing" is the first single by English rock band A released from their album Hi-Fi Serious. It reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart; to date, A's highest charting single. During the promotion of the single, the band appeared on Top of The Pops and the Pepsi Chart Show.

The promotional video for Nothing was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa, mostly around the Artscape Theatre Centre formerly known as the Nico Malan theatre complex, and features extras dressed in the same clothes as each band member - complete with band member masks - to create the illusion that there are hundreds of duplicates of the band.

"Nothing" is arguably the heaviest A single, marking something of a departure from the band's usual melodic pop punk to nu metal. It is track 1 on the album Hi-Fi Serious. A live version appears on the live album, Rockin' Like Dokken.
Response: A's first hit single Nothing was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa.
Instruction: Who is Ted Lasso in the eponymous TV show?
Input: Ted Lasso is an American sports comedy-drama television series developed by Jason Sudeikis, Bill Lawrence, Brendan Hunt and Joe Kelly, based on a character Sudeikis first portrayed in a series of promos for NBC Sports' coverage of England's Premier League.[1] The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure, but whose folksy, optimistic leadership proves unexpectedly successful.
Response: The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure,
Instruction: Who is Artemis?
Input: In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Artemis (/ˈɑːrtɪmɪs/; Greek: Ἄρτεμις) is the goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, nature, vegetation, childbirth, care of children, and chastity.[1][2] She was heavily identified with Selene, the personification of the Moon, and Hecate, another lunar deity, and was thus regarded as one of the most prominent lunar deities in mythology, alongside the aforementioned two.[3] She would often roam the forests of Greece, attended by her large entourage, mostly made up of nymphs, some mortals, and hunters. The goddess Diana is her Roman equivalent.
Response: In Greek mythology, Artemis is the goddess of hunt, wild animals and vegetation.
Instruction: Who designed Washington D.C. and what are some interesting attributes about the city?
Input: The plan specified that most streets would be laid out in a grid. To form the grid, some streets (later named for letters of the alphabet) would travel in an east–west direction, while others (named for numbers) would travel in a north–south direction. Broader diagonal grand avenues, later named after the states of the Union, crossed the north–south-east/west grid. These "grand avenues" intersected with the north–south and east–west streets at circles and rectangular plazas that would later honor notable Americans and provide open space.
Response: Washington DC was designed by Major Pierre Charles L'Enfant at the request of George Washington.  L'Enfant was a civil engineer by training, from France, and based his basic design for DC on the streets of Paris.  DC is laid out as a grid, with east-west streets named alphabetically, starting with the letters themselves, and adding syllables as the streets went further out from the city center.  The north-south streets are numbered, increasing as they radiate from the Capitol.  At the intersection of the center-most streets are named for the direction as they radiate from the Capitol, i.e. North Capitol.  However, there is no West Capitol street, as that is the prominent plazas known as the mall.  Diagonally across the grid are streets named after the states and those state streets intersect in circles named after prominent Americans with plazas and open spaces.
Instruction: What are the major elements found on earth?
Input: Earth's mass is approximately 5.97×1024 kg (5,970 Yg). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1% by mass), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to gravitational separation, the core is primarily composed of the denser elements: iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements.[136] The most common rock constituents of the crust are oxides. Over 99% of the crust is composed of various oxides
Response: Earth's mass is made of primarily iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulfur, nickel, calcium and aluminum.
Instruction: Without quoting directly from the text tell me how Beppe Grillo died.
Input: On 7 December 1981 Grillo lost control of a Chevrolet K5 Blazer as he drove on a military road, forbidden to civilians, from Limone Piemonte to Colle di Tenda.
Response: He died in a car accident
Instruction: which are the youngest mountain ranges  in the world ?
Input: The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, its formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary (Main Himalayan Thrust) between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal were also formed as a result of this collision.
Himalayan ranges passes though countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China.
Response: The youngest mountains are the Himalayan range passing though India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China
Instruction: What device is used to resolve combat outcomes in Quest of the Ancients?
Input: Quest of the Ancients is an independent role-playing game published in the late 1980s by Unicorn Game Publications. It is mainly a Dungeons & Dragons clone, in that it was character class- and level-based, used a Dungeon & Dragons style Vancian Magic system, and used a skill system similar to the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons thief skill system. Most notably, it used a thirty sided die (or d30) for combat resolution. Written by Vince Garcia of Fresno, California, the game system implements a large number of character classes.
Response: A thirty sided die (or d30) is used for combat resolution.
Instruction: Based on the paragraph about the Korean War, what is the name of the new sovereign state created in the north?
Input: In 1910, Imperial Japan annexed Korea, where it ruled for 35 years until its surrender at the end of World War II on 15 August 1945.[c] The United States and the Soviet Union divided Korea along the 38th parallel into two zones of occupation. The Soviets administered the northern zone and the Americans administered the southern zone. In 1948, as a result of Cold War tensions, the occupation zones became two sovereign states. A socialist state, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, was established in the north under the totalitarian communist leadership of Kim Il-sung, while a capitalist state, the Republic of Korea, was established in the south under the autocratic leadership of Syngman Rhee. Both governments of the two new Korean states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent.
Response: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Instruction: What is ice hockey?
Input: Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice hockey sticks to control, advance, and shoot a closed, vulcanized, rubber disc called a "puck" into the other team's goal. Each goal is worth one point. The team which scores the most goals is declared the winner. In a formal game, each team has six skaters on the ice at a time, barring any penalties, one of whom is the goaltender. Ice hockey is a full contact sport, and is considered to be one of the more physically demanding sports.
Response: Ice hockey is a sport played on ice skates and each player has a hockey stick that they use to advance, pass, and shoot a puck attempting to score goals. In an ice hockey game, two teams play against each other and the team that scores the most goals win.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Thomas William Dobbie, tell me his nationality.
Input: Thomas William Dobbie (November 13, 1829 – April 1, 1908) was a Canadian civil engineer, provincial land surveyor and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.[1]

He was born in Bayham Township, Upper Canada in 1829,[1] the son of Andrew Dobbie,[2] a Scottish immigrant, and Martha Ann Bowlby. Dobbie was educated in Bayham township and London, Ontario.[2] He served as reeve for the township from 1863 to 1867 and from 1876 to 1877. Dobbie lived in Tillsonburg.[3]

Dobbie was married twice: to Susan Margaret Jones in 1872 and to Mary Hodgson in 1891. He died in Tillsonburg at the age of 78.
Response: Thomas William Dobbie was Canadian.
Instruction: What is the central limit theorem
Input: In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) establishes that, in many situations, for identically distributed independent samples, the standardized sample mean tends towards the standard normal distribution even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed.

The theorem is a key concept in probability theory because it implies that probabilistic and statistical methods that work for normal distributions can be applicable to many problems involving other types of distributions.

This theorem has seen many changes during the formal development of probability theory. Previous versions of the theorem date back to 1811, but in its modern general form, this fundamental result in probability theory was precisely stated as late as 1920,[1] thereby serving as a bridge between classical and modern probability theory.
Response: For example, suppose that a sample is obtained containing many observations, each observation being randomly generated in a way that does not depend on the values of the other observations, and that the arithmetic mean of the observed values is computed. If this procedure is performed many times, the central limit theorem says that the probability distribution of the average will closely approximate a normal distribution.

The central limit theorem has several variants. In its common form, the random variables must be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). In variants, convergence of the mean to the normal distribution also occurs for non-identical distributions or for non-independent observations, if they comply with certain conditions.

The earliest version of this theorem, that the normal distribution may be used as an approximation to the binomial distribution, is the de Moivre–Laplace theorem.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Taylor Swift re-recording her masters, who was responsible for the controversy?
Input: American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift has come in dispute with her former record label, Big Machine Records, its founder Scott Borchetta, and new owner Scooter Braun, over the ownership of the master recordings of her first six studio albums. It is a highly publicized conflict, drawing widespread attention and media coverage since its ignition in 2019.
Response: Scooter Braun.
Instruction: Does SCI Dallas hold men or women?
Input: According to the official Department of Corrections web site, SCI Dallas (Luzerne County, 10 miles from Wilkes-Barre) was opened in 1960 as an institution for defective delinquents. After the state Supreme Court decision of 1966 voided the concept of "defective delinquents," Dallas, like Huntingdon, became an adult institution. It now is a medium-security facility for men.
Response: men
Instruction: How many cities in Lithuania are larger than Neris?
Input: Jonava railway bridge (lit. Jonavos geležinkelio tiltas, Jonavos geležinis tiltas) is a railway bridge over the Neris in Jonava (Jonava district municipality), the ninth largest city in Lithuania with a population of ca 35,000.
Response: Eight cities are larger than Neris in Lithuania. This is because Neris is the 9th largest, meaning there are 8 which are larger.
Instruction: During which decade did neural networks first lead to practically useful systems?
Input: The development of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) very-large-scale integration (VLSI), in the form of complementary MOS (CMOS) technology, enabled increasing MOS transistor counts in digital electronics. This provided more processing power for the development of practical artificial neural networks in the 1980s.[40] From 1988 onward,[41][42] the use of neural networks transformed the field of protein structure prediction, in particular when the first cascading networks were trained on profiles (matrices) produced by multiple sequence alignments.[43]
Response: The development of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) very-large-scale integration (VLSI), in the form of complementary MOS (CMOS) technology, enabled the development of practical artificial neural networks in the 1980s
Instruction: Why are pulse tools used in product assembly over impact wrenches?
Input: Impact wrenches are widely used in many industries, such as automotive repair, heavy equipment maintenance, product assembly, major construction projects, and any other instance where a high torque output is needed. For product assembly, a pulse tool is commonly used, as it features a reactionless tightening while reducing the noise levels the regular impacts suffer from. Pulse tools use oil as a medium to transfer the kinetic energy from the hammer into the anvil. This gives a smoother impulse, a slightly lower torque to weight ratio and a possibility to design a shut off mechanism that shuts the tool down when achieving the correct torque. Pulse tools are not referred to as "impact wrenches" as the performance and technology are not the same.
Response: Pulse tools are used for product assembly because they have reactionless tightening and are able to reduce noise levels
Instruction: What did José María Arizmendiarrieta do?
Input: In 1941, a young Catholic priest, José María Arizmendiarrieta settled in Mondragón, a town with a population of 7,000 that had not yet recovered from the poverty, hunger, exile, and tension of the Spanish Civil War.[5][6] In 1943, Arizmendiarrieta established a technical college which became a training ground for managers, engineers and skilled labour for local companies, and primarily for the co-operatives.[7]
Response: José María Arizmendiarrieta was a Catholic Preist who settled in Mondragón, a town with a population of 7,000 that had not yet recovered from the poverty, hunger, exile, and tension of the Spanish Civil War.
Instruction: What is a common nickname to the Olivella rehderi?
Input: Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.
Response: The Olivella rehderi are commonly called dwarf olives.
Instruction: How many paralympics did Paraskevi compete in?
Input: Paraskevi has competed in three Paralympics competing in the T11 100m, 200m and long jump. Her first games were the 2004 Summer Paralympics in her home country where she won a bronze in the 100m. She was unable to match this in Beijing in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and in London in 2012 Summer Paralympics where she failed to win any medals.[1]
Response: Paraskevi competed in three paralympics.
Instruction: Who maintains the Tottori Expressway?
Input: From Sayo Junction to Sayo Toll Gate the expressway is maintained and tolled by the West Nippon Expressway Company.
Response: The expressway is officially referred to as the Chūgoku-Ōdan Expressway Himeji Tottori Route. The Chūgoku-Ōdan Expressway Himeji Tottori Route is the official designation for the Sanyō Expressway between Sanyō Himeji-Nishi Interchange and Harima Junction, the Harima Expressway between Harima Junction and Yamazaki Junction, the Chūgoku Expressway between Yamazaki Junction and Sayō Junction, and the Tottori Expressway between Sayō Junction and Tottori Interchange (concurrent with the Chūgoku-Ōdan Expressway Himeji Tottori Route).

From Sayo Junction to Sayo Toll Gate the expressway is maintained and tolled by the West Nippon Expressway Company. The rest of the expressway is able to be driven without any fees. That section of the expressway is maintained by the Chūgoku branch of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

The entire expressway has only one lane in each direction, except for the section between Sayō Junction and Sayō Toll Gate.
Instruction: Who won March Madness?
Input: The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas.
Response: UConn Huskies won the 2023 NCAA Division 1 men's basketball tournament defeating San Diego State Aztecs, 76-59. This tournament is popularly known as March Madness.
Instruction: Between what oceans does the Panama Canal save time?
Input: The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.
Response: The Panama Canal cuts down on the transportation time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Instruction: Who won the Chinese presidential elections of 1948?
Input: This indirect elections were held during the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-shek, the incumbent leader of the Nationalist government, won a landslide victory against the same party candidate Ju Zheng in the presidential election. However, Sun Fo, Chiang's preferred Vice-Presidential candidate, was defeated by General Li Zongren in the vice-presidential elections.
Response: Chiang Kai-shek won a landslide victory in the presidential election. General Li Zongren won the vice-presidential elections.
Instruction: Who were the original members of the Pivit band, and how many albums did they record?
Input: Pivit is an American punk rock band hailing from Poway and Cardiff, California, formed in late 1994 by original drummer Mark McLemore, lead singer Chris Moore, and guitarist Eric Sisson in San Diego County, California. In 1995, they recorded their first demo entitled Find the Fuzz. Eventually they produced 3 albums together, Pressure in 1996, Millennium in 1998 and finally Thanks for Coming Back in 2002.
Response: The original members were Mark McLemore on drums, lead singer Chris Moore, and guitarist Eric Sisson. They produced 3 albums together.
Instruction: Who is the finest Indian cricketer right now?
Input: Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: [koli] born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of the Indian national cricket team. He now plays as a right-handed batter for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. He is widely recognised as one of the best batsman in cricket history. He is the second most prolific international century batsman in cricket history. The International Cricket Council elected him the male cricketer of the decade despite holding the record for most runs in T20 internationals and the IPL. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's victories, including the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions Trophy.
Response: Virat Kohli (Hindi pronunciation: [koli] born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and former captain of the Indian national cricket team. He now plays as a right-handed batter for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL and for Delhi in Indian domestic cricket. He is widely recognised as one of the best batsman in cricket history. He is the second most prolific international century batsman in cricket history. The International Cricket Council elected him the male cricketer of the decade despite holding the record for most runs in T20 internationals and the IPL. Kohli has also contributed to a number of India's victories, including the 2011 World Cup and the 2013 Champions Trophy.

Kohli was born and raised in New Delhi, where he attended the West Delhi Cricket Academy and began his junior career with the Delhi Under-15 team. He made his international debut in 2008 and soon established himself as a prominent member of the ODI team, eventually making his Test debut in 2011. For the first time, Kohli topped the ICC ODI batting rankings in 2013. During the 2014 T20 World Cup, he set a competition record for the most runs scored. In 2018, he became the world's top-ranked Test batsman, making him the only Indian cricketer to hold the number one place in all three versions of the game. 
In 2019, he became the first player to score 20,000 international runs in a single decade. Following the T20 World Cup in 2021, Kohli decided to step down as captain of the Indian national team for T20Is, and he stood down as captain of the Test team in early 2022.


He has garnered numerous awards for his achievements on the cricket pitch. He was named the ICC One-Day International Player of the Year in 2012 and has twice won the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy, which is awarded to the ICC Cricketer of the Year, in 2017 and 2018. Kohli was the best run scorer in the 2012 Asia Cup, scoring 357 runs. Kohli was also named ICC Test Player of the Year and ICC ODI Player of the Year in 2018, making him the first player to get both honours in the same year. In addition, from 2016 to 2018, he was crowned the Wisden Top Cricketer in the World for three years in a row. Kohli received the Arjuna Award in 2013, the Padma Shri in the sports category in 2017, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna medal, India's highest sporting honour, in 2018.
Instruction: Explain the word taboo
Input: Word taboo, also called taboo language, language taboo or linguistic taboo is a kind of taboo that involves restricting the use of words or other parts of language due to social constraints. This may be due to a taboo on specific parts of the language itself (such as certain words, or sounds), or due to the need to avoid a taboo topic. The taboo against naming the dead in parts of the world is an example. Taboo words are commonly avoided with euphemisms, such as the English euphemism pass away, meaning "die".[1] It is a common source of neologisms and lexical replacement.
Response: Word taboo, also called taboo language, language taboo or linguistic taboo is a kind of taboo that involves restricting the use of words or other parts of language due to social constraints. This may be due to a taboo on specific parts of the language itself (such as certain words, or sounds), or due to the need to avoid a taboo topic. The taboo against naming the dead in parts of the world is an example.