MiniLLM/dolly-processed huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Please summarize Micky Mouse's initial licensing and merchandising history
Input: The comic strip Mickey Mouse debuted on January 13, 1930, in New York Daily Mirror and by 1931, the strip was published in 60 newspapers in the U.S., and in twenty other countries. After realizing releasing merchandise based on the characters would generate more revenue for the company, in New York, a man asked Walt for the license to put Mickey Mouse on writing tablets he was manufacturing for $300. Walt agreed and Mickey Mouse became the first licensed character. In 1933, Walt asked Kay Karmen, the owner of an Kansas City advertising firm, to run Disney's merchandising; Karmen agreed and transformed Disney's merchandising. Within a year, Kamen had 40 licenses for Mickey Mouse and within two years, had made $35 million worth of sales. In 1934, Walt said he made more money from the merchandising of Mickey Mouse than from the character's films.
Response: The Mickey Mouse comic was first published on January 1930 in 60 newspapers in the U.S. and in 20 other countries. A man realized he could make more money by selling merchandise based on the characters from the comic and asked Walt for a license to put Mickey Mouse on his product. By 1934, Disney had 40 licenses for Mickey Mouse and by 1936, it had $35 million worth of sales, making more money from merchandising Mickey Mouse than from the character's films.
Instruction: Is there any benefit to pain?
Input: Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."[1]

Pain motivates us to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future.[2] Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease.[3]
Response: Pain helps us withdraw from further severe damage to body
Instruction: What made C. Shannon Bacon famous
Input: C. Shannon Bacon (born 1971/1972) is an American attorney, legal scholar, and jurist serving as the chief justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court.

Early life and education
Bacon was raised in North Valley, New Mexico.[2] She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Creighton University in Omaha and a Juris Doctor from the Creighton University School of Law.[3]

Career
After graduating from law school, Bacon returned to Albuquerque, where she was admitted to the State Bar of New Mexico in 1997. She was formerly partner at a pair of Albuquerque law firms and clerked under Judge A. Joseph Alarid at the New Mexico Court of Appeals.[4] Bacon is an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law, where she teaches courses on evidence and trial practice.[4]

Bacon identifies as a lesbian.[11] She is the first openly LGBT member of the New Mexico Supreme Court.[citation needed]
Response: C. Shannon Bacon (born 1971/1972) is an American attorney, legal scholar, and jurist serving as the chief justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court. Bacon identifies as a lesbian. She is the first openly LGBT member of the New Mexico Supreme Court.

Bacon was raised in North Valley, New Mexico. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Creighton University in Omaha and a Juris Doctor from the Creighton University School of Law.

After graduating from law school, Bacon returned to Albuquerque, where she was admitted to the State Bar of New Mexico in 1997. She was formerly partner at a pair of Albuquerque law firms and clerked under Judge A. Joseph Alarid at the New Mexico Court of Appeals. Bacon is an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law, where she teaches courses on evidence and trial practice.
Instruction: What is the size a tennis ball?
Input: Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz).
Response: Tennis balls are 65.41–68.58 millimeters or 2.575–2.700 inches in diameter.
Instruction: What is the Make Something Edmonton Initiative?
Input: Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak.

The central idea behind the initiative is that "Edmonton is an unusually good city to create something from nothing, to launch a new idea, to build, to get ‘er done, to make something."
Response: The Make Something Edmonton is a community building initiative that resulted from the creation of a task force on City image and reputation in July 2012 in Edmonton, Alberta. The task force is co-chaired by entrepreneur Chris LaBossiere and Rapid Fire Theatre artistic director Amy Shostak. The creative concept behind the initiative was articulated by local writer and entrepreneur Todd Babiak.
Instruction: Write some information in points on Kelvyn Park High School from the given passage.
Input: Kelvyn Park High School is a public 4–year high school located in the Hermosa neighborhood on north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in 1933, Kelvyn Park is operated by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) district. In addition to being a neighborhood high school, Kelvyn Park also serves as a middle school with seventh and eighth grades. Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries extends to the Logan Square, Cragin and Belmont Gardens neighborhoods.
Response: 1. The Hermosa neighbourhood on the north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, is home to the public 4-year Kelvyn Park High School.
2. Kelvyn Park, which was established in 1933, is run by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) organisation.
3. Kelvyn Park not only functions as a neighbourhood high school, but also as a middle school housing the seventh and eighth classes.
4. The neighbourhoods of Logan Square, Cragin, and Belmont Gardens are included in the Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries.
Instruction: What game was the animated series Tank Knights Fortress based on?
Input: Fortress is a shooter video game developed by CCR Inc and published by Netsgo. The game spawned an animated series, Tank Knights Fortress, and a sequel, Fortress 2.[1] On November 18, 2011, service for the game was terminated in South Korea and Japan.
Response: Fortress.
Instruction: What are Flos
Input: Flos is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are commonly known as plushblues and are found in the Indomalayan realm.
Response: Flos is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are commonly known as plushblues and are found in the Indomalayan realm.
Instruction: How many times did Barton switch parties?
Input: Barton switched parties three times in his political life. He was first elected as a Democratic-Republican; he then switched to an Adams Democrat for his re-election in 1825. When he ran for the Senate again in 1830 he switched to being an Anti-Jacksonian candidate. In the Senate, he served as chairman of the committee on public lands. He was a member of the Missouri State Senate in 1834–1835.
Response: Three times
Instruction: What is the Fallout game?
Input: Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game is a 1997 role-playing video game developed and published by Interplay Productions. In a mid-22nd century post-apocalyptic and retro-futuristic world, decades after a global nuclear war between the United States and China, Fallout's protagonist, the Vault Dweller, inhabits the underground nuclear shelter Vault 13. After customizing their character, the player must scour the surrounding wasteland for a computer chip that can fix the Vault's failed water supply system. They interact with other survivors, some of whom give them missions, and engage in turn-based combat where they battle until their action points are depleted.
Response: Fallout is a cyberpunk game based in a post-apocalyptic world. It is an RPG that gained extreme popularity for its storytelling, setting, music and art. The famous RPG game uses a 1950's retro world that is combined with futuristic technology to create a unique setting. With many branching quest lines and plenty of items, weapons and loot, the game has hours worth of content. The basic plot of the game follows a vault dweller. The main character emerges from an underground vault to find a broken but thriving post-apocalyptic world. He meets many different people struggling to survive and monsters that evolved from all the radiation.
Instruction: Based on the given text, what is the population growth rate of Afghanistan since 1979?
Input: The population of Afghanistan was estimated at 32.9 million as of 2019 by the Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority, whereas the UN estimates over 38.0 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. About 23.9% of them are urbanite, 71.4% live in rural areas, and the remaining 4.7% are nomadic. An additional 3 million or so Afghans are temporarily housed in neighboring Pakistan and Iran, most of whom were born and raised in those two countries.
Response: There are varying accounts of the population of Afghanistan. The Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority estimated the population at 32.9 million in 2019 whereas the UN estimates it at 38.90 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. Using the following formula:

Percentage Increase = ((Final Value - Starting Value)/(Starting Value)) * 100

Using the Afghan Statistics and Information Authority Estimate:

Percentage Increase = ((32.9 - 15.5)/(15.5)) * 100 = 112.25%

Using the UN Estimate:

Percentage Increase = ((38.90 - 15.5)/(15.5)) * 100 = 150.96%

Therefore, the percentage growth rate of the population of Afghanistan is either 112.25% (Afghan Statistics and Information Authority) or 150.96% (UN) based on the two estimates provided.
Instruction: Extract the highest point in the city of Paris from this paragraph.
Input: Paris is located in northern central France, in a north-bending arc of the river Seine whose crest includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream from the city. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river.[94] Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft).[95]
Response: The highest points is Montmartre at 130m or 427ft.
Instruction: Extract some information about photograph The Last Joke from given text
Input: The Last Joke, Bellagio, also known as The Good Joke, is a black and white photograph taken by Alfred Stieglitz during a Summer travel to Italy in 1887. He was then living and studying in Germany and decided to travel through several cities of Italy at the Summer.
Response: 1. Alfred Stieglitz captured The Last Joke, Bellagio, also known as The Good Joke, in a black-and-white shot while on a summer trip to Italy in 1887.
2. He made the decision to visit various Italian cities during the summer when he was then residing and attending school in Germany.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, who was Donald Trump's physician during 2018 to 2021?
Input: Sean Patrick Conley (born 1980) is an American physician[1] and United States Navy officer who served as the Physician to the President from 2018 to 2021.[2] Conley served as physician to president Donald Trump during the COVID-19 pandemic, often serving as the president's medical advisor, and treating the president when he tested positive for COVID-19.[3]
Response: Sean Patrick Conley
Instruction: Provide some key points on Cardiac surgery from the given text
Input: Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Response: 1. Cardiac surgery, often known as cardiovascular surgery, is heart or large vessel surgery carried out by cardiac surgeons.
2. It is frequently used to cure congenital heart disease, treat valvular heart disease from many causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis, or to address complications of ischemic heart disease (for instance, with coronary artery bypass grafting).
3. Heart transplantation is also a part of it.
Instruction: Who is Joe Biden?
Input: Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (/ˈbaɪdən/ (listen) BY-dən; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under President Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009.
Response: Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (/ˈbaɪdən/ (listen) BY-dən; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under President Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009.

Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He studied at the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history after he was elected in 1972, at age 29. Biden was the chair or ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years. He chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995; drafted and led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008. Barack Obama chose Biden as his running mate in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. Biden was a close counselor to Obama during his two terms as Obama's vice president.

Biden and his running mate, Kamala Harris, defeated incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence in the 2020 presidential election. On January 20, 2021, he became the oldest president in U.S. history, the first to have a female vice president, and the first from Delaware. As president, Biden has addressed the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession. He signed the American Rescue Plan Act, the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Inflation Reduction Act, the CHIPS and Science Act, and the Respect for Marriage Act, which codified protections for same-sex marriage and repealed the Defense of Marriage Act. He appointed Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court. In foreign policy, Biden restored America's membership in the Paris Agreement on climate change. He completed the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan that had been negotiated and begun under the previous administration, ending the war in Afghanistan, during which the Afghan government collapsed and the Taliban seized control. He signed AUKUS, a security pact, together with Australia and the United Kingdom. He responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing foreign aid and weapons shipments to Ukraine.[1]
Instruction: Who is Serhiy Malyi?
Input: Serhiy Viktorovych Malyi (Ukrainian: Сергій Вікторович Малий; born 5 June 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Tobol. Born in Ukraine, he represents the Kazakhstan national team.
Response: Serhiy Malyi is a professional footballer who plays defense for Tobol. He also represents the Kazakhstan national team.
Instruction: Extract the club that Corinthians defeated in the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup.
Input: On 4 July, after reaching the final of the 2012 Copa Libertadores undefeated, Corinthians won its first title after a two-match final against 6-time champions Boca Juniors by drawing 1–1 in Argentina and winning 2-0 at the Estádio do Pacaembu in São Paulo, becoming the ninth Brazilian side to win the Copa Libertadores. The club won the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup after defeating English club Chelsea 1–0 on 16 December 2012.
Response: Chelsea
Instruction: Given this reference text, give me a list of all the schools attended by Tripp.
Input: Tripp attended The Hill School at Pottstown, Pennsylvania where he drew his attention for his talent as a football player. Tripp enrolled at the University of Chicago and played at the tackle for Amos Alonzo Stagg's 1902 football team.[1] In January 1903, Tripp transferred to Yale University,[1] where he played guard for Yale University's football teams in 1904 and 1905 after sitting out the 1903 season. He was captain of Yale's championship team of 1905,[2] and was selected by Walter Camp as a first-team All-American in 1905.[3] He later worked as a stockbroker He died in October 1962.[4]
Response: The Hill School, University of Chicago, Yale University
Instruction: What are the primary causes of climate change?
Input: In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels.[2][3] Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices increase greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide and methane.[4] Greenhouse gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight. Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth's lower atmosphere, causing global warming.
Response: The primary physical causes or drivers of climate change are:
- Humans burning fossil fuels
- Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
- Aerosols such as sulfur dioxide, organic carbon, black carbon and ammonia
Instruction: what was the American Revolutionary War
Input: The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States.
Response: The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States. Fighting began on April 19, 1775 at the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The war was formalized and intensified following passage of the Lee Resolution, which asserted that the Thirteen Colonies were "free and independent states", and the Declaration of Independence, drafted by the Committee of Five and written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, on July 2, 1776 and July 4, 1776, respectively.
Instruction: When did Maggie Wilson first appear on TV?
Input: Wilson's first TV appearance was for GMA Network 7's Kakabakaba Adventure (2003) where she was a regular cast member until the show ended in 2004. Between 2003 and 2011, Wilson appeared and starred in several TV series and soap operas. With supporting roles in All Together Now (2004), Encantadia (2005), Darna (2005), Asian Treasures (2007) and Joaquin Bordado (2008). As part of the main cast in Saang Sulok ng Langit (2005), where she was nominated as Best TV Villain, My Guardian Abby (2006), Darna (2009) and Beauty Queen (2010).
Response: Wilson first appeared on TV on Kakabakaba Adventure in 2003.
Instruction: Where did Waldo E. Koop work?
Input: As a career, Waldo E. Koop was an engineer for Boeing. He was called one of the nation's finest researchers by local and state historians, and was credited in the series of Time Life books on the Old West for his research on gunfighters. Koop discovered that Henry McCarty, later known as Billy the Kid, spent time in Wichita, Kansas, where he saw his first gunfight. He published his findings in 1965 in the book, Billy the Kid: the Trail of a Kansas Legend.[4]
Response: Waldo E. Koop was an engineer for Boeing before becoming one of the nation's finest researchers.
Instruction: In what month did Jens Stub die?
Input: Jens Stub (3 March 1764 – 24 October 1819) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was vicar on the island of Veøya and served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814.
Response: Jens Stub died in October.
Instruction: Where is the Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John painting located now?
Input: The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John by Hendrick ter Brugghen is an oil painting, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It was probably painted c. 1625 as an altarpiece for a Catholic schuilkerk, a "hidden church" or "church in the attic", in the Calvinist Dutch United Provinces, probably Utrecht. When discovered in a bombed out church in South Hackney, London in 1956, it was unknown, but by the time it appeared in Sotheby's salesroom in November of that year it was recognized as an important example of Utrecht Caravaggism. It was acquired by the museum in the sale.[2][3]
Response: The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John oil painting is located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Instruction: From the passage provided, provide the two scenarios in bullet form where radiative heat transfer is an important consideration.
Input: Radiative heat transfer is the transfer of energy via thermal radiation, i.e., electromagnetic waves. It occurs across vacuum or any transparent medium (solid or fluid or gas). Thermal radiation is emitted by all objects at temperatures above absolute zero, due to random movements of atoms and molecules in matter. Since these atoms and molecules are composed of charged particles (protons and electrons), their movement results in the emission of electromagnetic radiation which carries away energy. Radiation is typically only important in engineering applications for very hot objects, or for objects with a large temperature difference.
Response: Radiative heat transfer is an important consideration when:
- Engineering applications for very hot objects
- Engineering applications for objects with a large temperature difference
Instruction: Name a winner of the Fields Medal in mathematics.
Input: Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry. In 2005, as a result of her research, she was honored in Popular Science's fourth annual "Brilliant 10" in which she was acknowledged as one of the top 10 young minds who have pushed their fields in innovative directions. Mirzakhani was honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics, becoming the first Iranian to be honored with the award and the first of only two women to date. The award committee cited her work in "the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces". Mirzakhani died of breast cancer at the age of 40 in 2017.
Response: Maryam Mirzakhani, an Iranian mathematician, received the Fields Medal in mathematics in 2014 before her untimely death from breast cancer in 2017.
Instruction: Who owns ITV?
Input: The history of ITV, the United Kingdom "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.[1]

Independent Television began as a network of independently-owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.

By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.
Response: ITV plc owns all 13 ITV regions in England and Wales as well as UTV in Northern Ireland. STV Group owns the STV region in Scotland.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the average altitude in miles that the ISS orbits at.
Input: The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, a 1984 American proposal to construct a permanently crewed Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal from 1976 with similar aims. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the American Skylab. It is the largest artificial object in the solar system and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day.
Response: The ISS orbits the Earth at an average altitude of 250 miles.
Instruction: What is the population density of Germany?
Input: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of over 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.
Response: The population density of Germany is over 235 people per square kilometer, or over 600 people per square mile
Instruction: Given a reference text about phrynobatrachus tokba, what are common names for it?
Input: Phrynobatrachus tokba is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.[1][2][3] It is found in West Africa from Ghana westward to Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone,[1][3] and Guinea-Bissau.[2] Common names Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and—when referring to the formerly recognized Phrynobatrachus alticola, forest river frog—have been proposed for it.[2]
Response: Common names for Phrynobatrachus tokba are Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and forest river frog.
Instruction: What is Paris-Brest named after?
Input: The round pastry, in the form of a wheel, was created in 1910 by Louis Durand, pâtissier of Maisons-Laffitte, at the request of Pierre Giffard, to commemorate the Paris–Brest–Paris bicycle race he had initiated in 1891.[1] Its circular shape is representative of a wheel. It became popular with riders on the Paris–Brest–Paris cycle race, partly because of its energizing, high-calorie value and its intriguing name, and is now found in pâtisseries all over France.[2]
Response: Paris-Brest is a round french pastry, usually prepared as a choux pastry with a cream filling. The pastry is shaped like a circle with a hole in the middle, meant to represent a bicycle wheel in honor of a famous bicycle race between the French cities of Paris and Brest.
Instruction: What is Aerial Yoga
Input: Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga developed by Michelle Dortignac in 2006 combining traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance with the use of a hammock.
Response: Aerial yoga is is the process of hanging from a yoga sling or hammock to practice yoga postures while hanging freely in the air.  Stretching is assisted by the force of gravity and the swinging action can be relaxing and distracting for the mind.
Instruction: Tell me about the Schoenbrunn Palace
Input: Schönbrunn Palace (German: Schloss Schönbrunn [ˈʃlɔs ʃøːnˈbʁʊn] (listen); Central Bavarian: Schloss Scheenbrunn) was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schönbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.

The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its vast gardens spans over 300 years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s.[1]
Response: Schoenbrunn Palace was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schoenbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.

The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about composer Arvo Pärt, tell me where and when he studied composition and with which teacher.
Input: Pärt's musical education began at the age of seven when he began attending music school in Rakvere. By his early teenage years, Pärt was writing his own compositions. His first serious study came in 1954 at the Tallinn Music Middle School, but less than a year later he temporarily abandoned it to fulfill military service, playing oboe and percussion in the army band.[3] After his military service he attended the Tallinn Conservatory, where he studied composition with Heino Eller[4] and it was said of him, "he just seemed to shake his sleeves and the notes would fall out".[5] During the 1950s, he also completed his first vocal composition, the cantata Meie aed ('Our Garden') for children's choir and orchestra. He graduated in 1963.
Response: Arvo Pärt studied composition at the Tallinn Conservatory during the 1950s. His composition teacher was Heino Eller.
Instruction: Who is Rihanna?
Input: Robyn Rihanna Fenty (born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, actress, and businesswoman. Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, Barbados, Rihanna auditioned for American record producer Evan Rogers who invited her to the United States to record demo tapes. After signing with Def Jam in 2005, she soon gained recognition with the release of her first two studio albums, Music of the Sun (2005) and A Girl Like Me (2006), both of which were influenced by Caribbean music and peaked within the top ten of the US Billboard 200 chart.
Response: Rihanna (Robyn Rihanna Fenty) is a singer, actress, and businesswoman from Barbados. After auditioning with American record producer Evan Rogers, she signed to Def Jam in 2005 and gained worldwide recognition with her first two studio albums, "Music of the Sun" and "A Girl Like Me".
Instruction: Why are the Green Bay Packers called the Packers?
Input: Needing to outfit his new squad, team founder Curly Lambeau solicited funds from his employer, the Indian Packing Company. He was given $500 for uniforms and equipment in return for the team being named for its sponsor. An early newspaper article referred to the fledglings as "the Indians", but by the time they played their first game "Packers" had taken hold.

Indian Packing was purchased in 1920 by the Acme Packing Company. Acme continued to support the team, which played its first NFL season with "ACME PACKERS" emblazoned on its jerseys.
Response: The Green Bay Packers are called the Packers because in 1920, the team founder, Curly Lambeau asked his employer, the Indian Packing Company for money to help buy uniforms and equipement.  In return for the funding, the team was named after the sponser.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the JW Marriott building in Downtown Houston, what was the framing made of and how tall was it?
Input: Samuel Fain Carter, the founder of Lumberman's Bank in Houston, commissioned the architecture firm of Sanguinet and Staats to design a sixteen-floor, steel-framed building on Main Street at the corner of Rusk Street in Houston. The Fort Worth-based Sanguinet and Staats had already been building skyscrapers in various cities in Texas, and was building a reputation for this type of structure.In 1909, the building had an estimated cost of $650,000. Carter planned to finance construction through issues of equity and debt, stipulating that he would restrict bonds to $400,000 in value. The Rice Institute agreed to purchase up to $200,000 in bonds.
Response: The building used steel framing and was 16 floors.
Instruction: Kindly provide some details regarding the plot of science fiction 'A Borrowed Man' from the given passage.
Input: In the 22nd century, Ern A. Smithe is a "reclone" of a mystery writer, embedded with the recorded memories of his original and stored in a library where patrons can consult or borrow him. He is checked out by a woman who hopes that he can help solve the deaths of her father and brother, because her father's safe had contained nothing except one of Smithe's novels. However, Smithe's original was not a detective, only someone who wrote about them — and his knowledge of the world is over a century out of date.
Response: 1. In the 22nd century, Ern A. Smithe is a "reclone" of a mystery writer, embedded with the recorded memories of his original and stored in a library where patrons can consult or borrow him.
2. He is checked out by a woman who hopes that he can help solve the deaths of her father and brother, because her father's safe had contained nothing except one of Smithe's novels.
3.  However, Smithe's original was not a detective, only someone who wrote about them — and his knowledge of the world is over a century out of date.
Instruction: What are the components of a passive crossover?
Input: A passive crossover is an electronic circuit that uses a combination of one or more resistors, inductors and capacitors. These components are combined to form a filter network and are most often placed between the full frequency-range power amplifier and the loudspeaker drivers to divide the amplifier's signal into the necessary frequency bands before being delivered to the individual drivers. Passive crossover circuits need no external power beyond the audio signal itself, but have some disadvantages: they may require larger inductors and capacitors due to power handling requirements. Unlike active crossovers which include a built-in amplifier, passive crossovers have an inherent attenuation within the passband, typically leading to a reduction in damping factor before the voice coil[30]
Response: A passive crossover is a loudspeaker circuit comprised of resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
Instruction: What is the significance of Glasgow, Georgia?
Input: A post office called Glasgow was established in 1853, and remained in operation until 1905.The community was named after Glasgow, in Scotland, the ancestral home of a large share of the first settlers.
Response: It is a community named after Glasgow in Scotland which is the ancestral home of a large part of the first settlers.
Instruction: Which are most valuable corporate brands in the world
Input: The following article lists the most valuable corporate brands in the world according to different estimates by Kantar Group, Interbrand, Brand Finance and Forbes. Factors that influence brand value are sales, market share, market capitalization, awareness of a brand, products, popularity, image, etc. Readers should note that lists like this, while informative, are somewhat subjective, as no single metric exists for determining valuation for brands.

Top 10 valuable companies according Kantar 2022 list are Apple Inc, Google Inc, Amazon.com Inc, Microsoft corp, Tencent, McDonald, Visa Inc, Facebook, Alibaba, Louis Vuitton
Response: Kantar group, Interbrand, Brand Finance and Forbes every year release most valuable corporate brands in the world. 
Top 10 valuable companies according Kantar 2022 list are Apple Inc (US) , Google Inc (US), Amazon.com Inc (US), Microsoft corp (US), Tencent (China), McDonald (US), Visa Inc(US), Facebook (US), Alibaba group (China) and Louis Vuitton (France) 

Factors that influence brand value are sales, market share, market capitalization, awareness of a brand, products, popularity, image, etc. Readers should note that lists like this, while informative, are somewhat subjective, as no single metric exists for determining valuation for brands.
Instruction: Please provide a bulleted list of the movies Tessa Thompson performed in from this passage.
Input: Tessa Thompson is an American actress of film and television. Thompson gained favorable notices for her early film performances in the comedy-drama Dear White People, Selma (both in 2014). She gained mainstream attention for her roles in franchise films playing Bianca Taylor in the sport dramas Creed (2015) and Creed II (2018), and for her starring role as Valkyrie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), as well as her leading role in the science fiction franchise film Men in Black: International (2019). She also has received critical praise for her roles in independent films such as Sorry to Bother You (2018), Little Woods (2018), Annihilation (2018), the romantic drama Sylvie's Love (2020), and the period film Passing (2021), the latter of which earned her a British Academy Film Award nomination.
Response: Tessa Thompson performed in the following films:
Dear White People
Selma
Creed
Creed II
Thor: Ragnarok
Avengers: Endgame
Thor: Love and Thunder
Men In Black: International
Sorry To Bother You
Little Woods
Annihilation
Sylvie’s Love
Passing
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract which month is the coolest in Chennai
Input: Chennai has a dry-summer tropical wet and dry climate under the (Köppen climate classification). The city lies on the thermal equator[126] and is also on the coast, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. The hottest part of the year is late May to early June, known regionally as Agni Nakshatram ("fire star") or as Kathiri Veyyil,[127] with maximum temperatures around 35–40 °C (95–104 °F). The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 19–25 °C (66–77 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was 13.9 °C (57.0 °F) on 11 December 1895 and 29 January 1905.[128] The highest recorded temperature was 45 °C (113 °F) on 31 May 2003.[128] The average annual rainfall is about 140 cm (55 in).[129]
Response: The coolest part of the year is January
Instruction: Is there a secure desktop operating system I can use today?
Input: Qubes OS is a desktop operating system based around the Xen hypervisor that allows grouping programs into a number of isolated sandboxes (virtual machines) to provide security. Windows for programs running within these sandboxes ("security domains") can be color coded for easy recognition. The security domains are configurable, they can be transient (changes to the file system will not be preserved), and their network connection can be routed through special virtual machines (for example one that only provides Tor networking). The operating system provides secure mechanisms for copy and paste and for copying files between the security domains.
Response: Use Qubes OS! It is fairly complete and provide good isolation for most of your applications.
Instruction: What human foods are toxic to dogs?
Input: Several human foods and household ingestible are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids, causing theobromine poisoning, onions and garlic, causing thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning, grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, and xylitol.[34] The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous to dogs. Signs of ingestion can include copious vomiting (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other symptoms are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death.[35][page needed]
Response: It's always good to check with your vet before giving your dog human foods. Human foods that are most toxic to dogs are: chocolate, onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, and nicotine.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about rivers in Europe, tell me what are the two longest rivers in Europe.
Input: The commercial and geopolitical importance of rivers is not ranked here. As a transportation artery, a river may unite a region commercially and economically, but major rivers, as barriers to travel, may also form political boundaries between states. The Danube, the second longest river in Europe, is notable for flowing through or past ten countries; the Rhine through or past six. The Volga, the longest river in Europe, unites a huge region of European Russia; eleven of the twenty largest cities in Russia lie on its banks. The Loire and the Po unite important regions within France and Italy respectively. The most important rivers in Europe include Rhone, Elbe, Oder, Tagus, Thames, Don and Dnieper, among others.
Response: The two longest rivers in Europe are the Volga and the Danube.
Instruction: Tell me about a Disk Manager
Input: Disk Manager is a discontinued software (that was a popular 1980s and 1990s) and documentation package for MS-DOS and PC DOS computers, useful for self-installing personal computer hard disks. It was written by Ontrack, a company that is now part of KLDiscovery.

Installation covered different aspects:

explaining personal computer hardware concepts
documenting switches of many of the existing disks
putting into place custom device drivers which circumvented BIOS limitations, notably those related to maximum disk or partition size and logical block addressing
providing testing and informational utilities
Drivers could be either DOS-type, or replacement master boot record code.

Diskettes with Disk Manager were provided by some disk manufacturers (e.g. IBM), in custom OEM versions, supporting all of their models.

Not long after launching in 1985, Ontrack also started providing computer disk data recovery services as Ontrack Data Recovery.[1]
Response: Disk Manager is a discontinued software and documentation package for MS-DOS and PC DOS computers.  It was written by Ontrack, a company that is now part of KLDiscovery. Diskettes with Disk Manager were provided by some disk manufacturers in custom OEM versions, supporting all of their models.
Instruction: How large is the Tennessee River?
Input: The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River.[5] It is approximately 652 miles (1,049 km) long and is located in the southeastern United States in the Tennessee Valley. The river was once popularly known as the Cherokee River, among other names, as the Cherokee people had their homelands along its banks, especially in what are now East Tennessee and northern Alabama. Additionally, its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia, where the river also was bordered by numerous Cherokee towns.[1] Its current name is derived from the Cherokee town, Tanasi, which was located on the Tennessee side of the Appalachian Mountains
Response: The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River.   It is approximately 650 miles long and located in the southeaster United States.   The river is used for moving cargo and has a long history of enjoyment by families residing on the bank.   A great section of the river is located near Spring City, TN at the Watts Barr Dam
Instruction: Given this reference paragraph about Roger Franklin Bonk where was he born?
Input: Roger Franklin Bonk (June 9, 1944 – February 13, 2023) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for one season in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. A native of Minnesota, he played freshman football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers in 1962 before transferring to the University of North Dakota. He played three years for their football team and was twice named all-conference, additionally being named first-team Little All-American as a senior. Bonk then played 15 games for Winnipeg in 1967 before being released prior to the 1968 season.
Response: Minnesota
Instruction: What are rare-earth materials
Input: A rare-earth mineral contains one or more rare-earth elements as major metal constituents. Rare-earth minerals are usually found in association with alkaline to peralkaline igneous complexes, in pegmatites associated with alkaline magmas and in or associated with carbonatite intrusives. Perovskite mineral phases are common hosts to rare-earth elements within the alkaline complexes. Mantle-derived carbonate melts are also carriers of the rare earths. Hydrothermal deposits associated with alkaline magmatism contain a variety of rare-earth minerals.
Response: Although originally thought to be rare, many of the minerals are actually common in the Earth's crust. However, due to the difficulties in extracting the metal from the ore, rare is a fitting term.
Instruction: Who wrote the TV show Fleabag?
Input: Fleabag is a British comedy-drama television series created and written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge, based on her one-woman show first performed in 2013 at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. It was originally produced by Two Brothers Pictures for digital channel BBC Three in a co-production agreement with Amazon Studios.[1][2] Waller-Bridge stars as the title character, a free-spirited but angry and confused young woman in London. Sian Clifford stars as Fleabag's sister Claire, while Andrew Scott joined the cast in the second series as 'Hot Priest'. The protagonist frequently breaks the fourth wall to provide exposition, internal monologues, and a running commentary to the audience.[3]
Response: Fleabag is a British comedy-drama television series created and written by Phoebe Waller-Bridge.
Instruction: What horsepower does a BMW 1250GS produce
Input: The engine displaces 1,254 cc (76.5 cu in) with 102.5 mm bore × 76 mm stroke. The intake camshafts have two cam lobes per valve that can be switched within one cam revolution between partial-throttle and open-throttle cam profiles.[1][5] Power and torque claimed by BMW are higher than the predecessor model at 134 horsepower (100 kW) at 7750 rpm and 105.5 pound force-feet (143.0 N⋅m) at 6250 rpm, with 4% better fuel economy.[5]
Response: The 2018 model of the 1250 GS produced 134 peak HP.