MiniLLM/dolly-processed huggingface dataset:
Instruction: According to Hofstadter what is the theme of the book Gödel, Escher, Bach?
Input: In response to confusion over the book's theme, Hofstadter emphasized that Gödel, Escher, Bach is not about the relationships of mathematics, art, and music—but rather about how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms. One point in the book presents an analogy about how individual neurons in the brain coordinate to create a unified sense of a coherent mind by comparing it to the social organization displayed in a colony of ants.[1][2]
Response: According to Hofstadter, the main theme of Gödel, Escher, Bach is how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms.
Instruction: In which country is the town of Kirchenlamitz located?
Input: Kirchenlamitz is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtelgebirge, 13 km northwest of Wunsiedel and 19 km south of Hof.
Response: Germany
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Input: The magazine was part of Mondadori[3][7] and was based in Milan.[8][9] Its first editor was Alberto Mondadori who was succeeded in the post by Enzo Biagi in 1953.[2] During the period until 1960 when Enzo Biagi edited Epoca the magazine covered current affairs news, social attitudes as well as TV news.[2] The magazine also included frequent and detailed articles about Hollywood stars of the period[10][11] and Italian movie stars such as Gina Lollobrigida.[12] The weekly had offices in New York City, Paris and Tokyo.[5] From June 1952 to the late 1958 the Cuban-Italian writer Alba de Céspedes wrote an agony column, called Dalla parte di lei, in the magazine.[13]
Response: • Enzo Biagi
• Alberto Mondadori
• Gina Lollobrigida
• Alba de Céspedes
Instruction: What is Attack on Titan?
Input: Attack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人, Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin, lit. 'The Advancing Giant') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity is forced to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls that protect them from gigantic man-eating humanoids referred to as Titans; the story follows Eren Yeager, who vows to exterminate the Titans after they bring about the destruction of his hometown and the death of his mother. It was serialized in Kodansha's monthly magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine from September 2009 to April 2021, with its chapters collected in 34 tankōbon volumes.
Response: Attack on Titan is a manga and anime written by Hajime Isayama. The story follows a protagonist Eren Yeager who lives with his friends Armin and Mikasa within the three walls of humanity. Outside of these walls exist ferocious beings called Titans that eat humans. Eren watches his mother get consumed by Titans and vows revenge which kicks off the main story. The story has deep messages about war and genocide, and takes many unexpected turns.
Instruction: Extract the ingredients in a Manhattan cocktail from this text and present them in a bulleted list.
Input: A Manhattan is a cocktail made with whiskey, sweet vermouth, and bitters. While rye is the traditional whiskey of choice, other commonly used whiskies include Canadian whisky, bourbon, blended whiskey, and Tennessee whiskey. The cocktail is usually stirred then strained into a cocktail glass and garnished traditionally with a maraschino cherry.[1][2] A Manhattan may also be served on the rocks in a lowball glass.
Response: The ingredients in a Manhattan cocktail are:
- whiskey (rye, Canadian, bourbon, blended, Tennessee)
- sweet vermouth
- bitters
- maraschino cherry (garnish)
Instruction: In which country is the Karachchi Divisional Council located?
Input: Karachchi Divisional Council is the local authority for Kandavalai and Karachchi DS Divisions in northern Sri Lanka. KDC is responsible for providing a variety of local public services including roads, sanitation, drains, housing, libraries, public parks and recreational facilities. It has 19 members elected using the open list proportional representation system.
Response: Sri Lanka
Instruction: What is the Nazi foreign policy debate
Input: The foreign policy and war aims of the Nazis have been the subject of debate among historians. The Nazis governed Germany between 1933 and 1945. There has been disagreement over whether Adolf Hitler aimed solely at European expansion and domination, or whether he planned for a long-term global empire.
Response: The foreign policy and war aims of the Nazis have been the subject of debate among historians. The Nazis governed Germany between 1933 and 1945. There has been disagreement over whether Adolf Hitler aimed solely at European expansion and domination, or whether he planned for a long-term global empire.
Instruction: How many days was the women's individual competition?
Input: The women's individual competition at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia was held from 23 August to 26 August (inclusive) at the Pondok Indah Golf & Country Club.
Response: 4 days. 26-23+1 = 4. Counting 23, 24, 25, 26 equals 4 days.
Instruction: What did Gertrude Townend do
Input: Gertrude Catherine Townend was a British nurse and suffragette. She provided, with Nurse Catherine Pine, a care home for suffragettes recovering from imprisonment and force-feeding, and participated in suffragette gatherings.
Response: Gertrude Catherine Townend was a British nurse and suffragette. She provided, with Nurse Catherine Pine, a care home for suffragettes recovering from imprisonment and force-feeding, and participated in suffragette gatherings.
Instruction: Who owns Ritz Crackers?
Input: Ritz Crackers is a brand of snack cracker introduced by Nabisco in 1934. The original style crackers are disc-shaped, lightly salted, and approximately 46 millimetres (1.8 in) in diameter.[citation needed]. Each cracker has seven perforations and a finely scalloped edge. Today, the Ritz cracker brand is owned by Mondelēz International.[1]

A single serving of the original cracker (about 5 crackers or 15 grams) provides 330 kilojoules (79 kilocalories) of food energy, 1 gram of protein, and 4 grams of fat; the whole wheat variety provides 290 kJ (70 kcal) and 2.5 grams of fat.
Response: Ritz was originally owned by the consumer product brand Nabisco, although after changing ownership, it is owned by Mondelēz International.
Instruction: How tall is 970 Park Ave?
Input: 970 Park Avenue is a luxury residential housing cooperative in Manhattan, New York City.

970 was designed by the New York architectural firm of Schwartz & Gross and built by the developers Bing & Bing. It is located on Park Avenue and East 83rd Street.

The 12-story building was erected in 1912. In 1940, the bank that owned the building reconfigured the building, altering the original spacious apartments into smaller units.[3] In 1987, it was converted to a cooperative by Martin J. Raynes; Raynes added two triplex penthouses with "greenhouse" studies, circular staircases and large terraces.[4] The building stands at 132 feet (40 m) tall.
Response: 970 Park Avenue is a 12-story building that stands 132 feet (40m) tall.
Instruction: For what was Luigi Giura reknowned known.
Input: Giura was the Inspector of the Corps of Bridges and Roads of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Giura is most famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, the first in continental Europe, in 1832.
Response: Luigi Giura was an an Italian engineer and architected who lived from 1795 to 1865 and was famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, which was the first suspension bridge within continental Europe.

Giura was born in Masschito, a small town within the Vulture-Melfi geographical region within the Basilicata administrative region in Southern Italy.  He later was an inaugural student of the School of Bridges and Roads.  After his graduation in 1814, he was admitted to the Corps of Bridges and Roads.  During his time with the Corps of Bridges and Roads, he was able to undertake a series of study tours in Britain and France within which he became familiarized with their new perspectives and industrial developments.

The Corps of Bridges and Roads completed many projects while Giura was engaged, including channels for the flow of water in critical mountain areas.  However, Luigi Guira is most famous for his suspension bridge designs including the Bridge Real Ferdinando sul Garigliano--the first suspension bridge in continental Europe-- and the  Maria Cristina Bridge on the River Calore.  He later returned as the director of the School of Bridges and Roads in 1860 and was sought as a public advisor to regional governments within Italy.
Instruction: Given a reference text about NATO, when did Finland become a member?
Input: The Republic of Finland has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 4 April 2023. Finland had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.
Response: April 4, 2023
Instruction: Where do black walnut trees grow?
Input: Juglans nigra, the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas. Wild trees in the upper Ottawa Valley may be an isolated native population or may have derived from planted trees.
Response: North America from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas.
Instruction: Who are the people named in the passage?
Input: Lauri Johannes Silván (born 13 March 1932) is a Finnish ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Winter Olympics.
Response: Lauri Johannes Silván
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Grumpy Cat, tell me the cat's real name.
Input: Tardar Sauce (April 4, 2012[1] – May 14, 2019), nicknamed Grumpy Cat, was an American Internet celebrity cat. She was known for her permanently "grumpy" facial appearance, which was caused by an underbite and feline dwarfism.[1][2][3] She came to prominence when a photograph of her was posted on September 22, 2012, on social news website Reddit by Bryan Bundesen, the brother of her owner Tabatha Bundesen.[1][4] "Lolcats" and parodies created from the photograph by Reddit users became popular. She was the subject of a popular Internet meme in which humorously negative, cynical images were made from photographs of her.[5]
Response: Grumpy Cat was actually a nickname for the famous internet celebrity meme cat. Her real name was Tardar Sauce.
Instruction: How many goals did Archie Thompson's team mates score?
Input: On 11 April 2001, the Australian and American Samoan national association football teams played each other in an Oceanian qualifying match for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The match was played at the International Sports Stadium in Coffs Harbour, Australia. Australia set a world record for the largest victory in an international football match, winning the game 31–0. Australia's Archie Thompson also broke the record for most goals scored by a player in an international match by scoring 13 goals. David Zdrilic, the scorer of eight goals in the match, scored the second-highest number of goals in an international match since World War I.
Response: Since Archie Thompson scored 13 goals, his teammates scored 18 goals
Instruction: What kind of species is the Linopyrga primitractus
Input: Linopyrga primitractus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.[2]
Response: Linopyrga primitractus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about speed limits, what was first law regulating speed limits in UK, when was it enacted and what speed limits it set.
Input: The use of speed limits predates both motorized vehicles, and enforcement of the laws. Facing the invention of the automobile, many nations enacted speed limit laws, and appropriate measures to enforce them. The Locomotive Acts in the UK set speed limits for vehicles, and later codified enforcement methods. The first Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns. This act also included the value of fines for violations of the law.
Response: The first speed limit law in UK was called Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns.
Instruction: Which country is Laurens Willy Symons  from?
Input: Laurens Willy Symons (born 28 August 2001) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a forward for the reserve team of Mechelen.

On 5 February 2018, Symons signed his first professional contract with Lokeren, having joined their youth academy in 2015. Symons made his professional debut for Lokeren in a 2–1 Belgian First Division A loss to Waasland-Beveren on 22 December 2018.
Response: Belgium
Instruction: When did the Artificer class first appear in D&D
Input: The artificer is a playable character class in the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. The Artificer first appeared as a full class in the 3.5 edition of D&D and was introduced in the Eberron campaign setting. The artificer is a unique base class that reflects many of the core themes of Eberron.
Response: The Artificer first appeared as a full class in the 3.5 edition of D&D and was introduced in the Eberron campaign setting.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about magnesium, how is magnesium obtained?
Input: Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.
Response: Magnesium is mainly obtained by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine.
Instruction: What is the least common birthday in the United States?
Input: In the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years).[14] In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays.
Response: The least common birthday in the United States between 1973 and 1999 was February 29 because of leap years.
Instruction: Where is Mount Everest located ?
Input: Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.
Response: Mount Everest is located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. It is bordered by China and Nepal which runs across its summit points.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract where the first session of Indian National Congress was held
Input: The Indian National Congress conducted its first session in Bombay from 28 to 31 December 1885 at the initiative of retired Civil Service officer Allan Octavian Hume, known for his pro-Indian activities.[36] In 1883, Hume had outlined his idea for a body representing Indian interests in an open letter to graduates of the University of Calcutta.[37][38] It aimed to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between them and the British Raj. Hume took the initiative, and in March 1885 a notice convening the first meeting of the Indian National Union to be held in Poona the following December was issued.[39] However due to a cholera outbreak there, it was moved to Bombay.[40][41]
Response: The Indian National Congress conducted its first session in Bombay from 28 to 31 December 1885.
Instruction: Extract the cinema industry and the percentage box office share occupied by that industry in the format {Industry} - {Percentage} and show as a bullet list. If no percentage specified just list the industry name.
Input: Indian cinema is composed of multilingual and multi-ethnic film art. In 2019, Hindi cinema represented 44% of box office revenue, followed by Telugu and Tamil film industries, each representing 13%, Malayalam and Kannada film industries, each representing 5%.[31] Other prominent languages in the Indian film industry include Bengali, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati and Bhojpuri. As of 2022, the combined revenue of South Indian film industries has surpassed that of the Mumbai-based Hindi film industry (Bollywood).[32][30] As of 2022, Telugu cinema leads Indian cinema's box-office revenue.[33][34][35][details 2]
Response: Hindi cinema - 44%
Telugu - 13%
Tamil - 13%
Malayalam - 5%
Kannada - 5%
Bengali - 
Marathi -
Odia - 
Punjabi - 
Gujarati - 
Bhojpuri -
Instruction: According to this paragraph, what is UVA's overall ranking among national universities?
Input: U.S. News & World Report ranks UVA tied for 25th among national universities overall, 3rd among public universities and tied for 110th among global universities in its 2022 report,[138] 8th best business program[139] and 3rd best business management program.
Response: UVA tied for 25th among national universities.
Instruction: When was HMS Glowworm (H92), a G-class destroyer launched?
Input: Glowworm, was briefly the name of a coastal destroyer launched on 12 December 1906 and renamed HMS TB7. It was sold in May 1921.
HMS Glowworm (1916), an Insect-class gunboat, launched on 5 February 1916 and sold in 1928.
HMS Glowworm (H92), a G-class destroyer launched on 22 July 1935, sunk on 8 April 1940 by the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper off Norway.
Glowworm was allocated to a G-class destroyer under construction at the William Denny shipyard at Dumbarton in 1945. The vessel was originally called HMS Guinevere but was renamed in September 1945 to HMS Glowworm, and renamed again in October to HMS Gift. Construction was cancelled on 1 December 1945 before completion.
Response: The HMS Glowworm (H92), a G-class was launched in July 22nd, 1935.
Instruction: What is Denville Station?
Input: Denville is an active commuter railroad train station in Denville Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Located on Estling Road, the station contains three side platforms–two curved low-level platforms that service New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line, and a third that services their Montclair-Boonton Line. Both platforms on the Morristown Line contain miniature high-level platforms for handicap accessibility. Trains on both lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown. Heading westbound, the next station is Dover while the next station east on the Morristown Line is Mount Tabor. The next station east on the Montclair-Boonton Line is Mountain Lakes.
Response: Denville station is a commuter railroad station in Denville Township, Morris Country, New Jersey. It is supported by two lines, the New Jersey Morristown Line and the Montclair-Boonton Line. Trains on both of these lines operate between Hoboken Terminal, New York Penn Station and Hackettstown.
Instruction: Does Belgrandia varica live in the ocean?
Input: Belgrandia varica is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Hydrobiidae.
Response: No, Belgrandia varica lives in freshwater.
Instruction: Extract the different storage configurations available to the iPhone 14 that are mentioned in the text. Put them in a comma separated list.
Input: iPhone 14 and 14 Plus are available in three internal storage configurations: 128, 256, and 512 GB. It has 6 GB of RAM, an increase over the iPhone 13 and 13 mini model's 4 GB of RAM. The iPhone 14 and 14 Plus have the same IP68 rating for dust and water resistance as their predecessors.
Response: 128 GB, 256 GB, 512 GB
Instruction: What kind of species is the Olivella rehderi
Input: Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.
Response: Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.
Instruction: What are the prizes of the Festival of Festival in Saint Petersburg, Russia?
Input: Golden Gryphon, Silver Gryphon, Bronze Gryphon, The Nikolay Ovsyannikov Prize, Prize of the City of St. Petersburg, Prize of the Board, Prize for Talent and National Recognition
Response: Grand Prix – Gold or Golden Gryphon (Griffon)[2] - Awarded to the film rated highest by guests and participants

Silver Gryphon - Awarded to the film rated highest by audiences

Bronze Gryphon - Awarded to the best experimental film

The Nikolay Ovsyannikov Prize - Awarded for the best debut

Prize of the City of St. Petersburg - Awarded for contributions to world cinema made by a director whose film is featured in this year’s festival

Prize of the Board - Awarded to the screening section deemed to be this year’s best

Prize for Talent and National Recognition - Awarded to exceptional actors, actresses, and directors
Instruction: What type of model is the Citroen C4 Cactus?
Input: The Citroën C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV, produced by French automaker Citroën in Spain between April 2014 and December 2017, with production of the second generation commencing in October 2017 (until May 2020 in Villaverde), with the final months of production being disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The C4 Cactus is considered a compact SUV, although it is based on the PSA PF1 platform that underpins the smaller Citroën C3 and DS3.

A distinctive design feature is the "AirBump" panels on the car's sides, designed to protect the vehicle from damage in car parks. The Citroën Cactus Concept, presented at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, previewed the production version.[1] The C4 Cactus was presented at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show.
Response: The Citroen C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Citroen, a French automaker.
Instruction: Tell me about the Battle of Rabb
Input: The Battle of Raab or Battle of Győr (Hungarian: győri csata) was fought on 14 June 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars, between Franco-Italian forces and Habsburg forces. The battle was fought near Győr (Raab), Kingdom of Hungary, and ended in a Franco-Italian victory. The victory prevented Archduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to the Battle of Wagram, while Prince Eugène de Beauharnais's force was able to link up with Emperor Napoleon at Vienna in time to fight at Wagram. Napoleon referred to the battle as "a granddaughter of Marengo and Friedland", as it fell on the anniversary of those two battles
Response: The Battle of Raab was a battle fought during the Napoleonic Wars.  It was fought near Raab which is the Kingdom of Hungary.
Instruction: Give me a summary of how to determine if a number is prime or not.
Input: A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order.
Response: A prime number is a number greater than one that cannot be the product of two smaller numbers besides 1 and itself (e.g., the number 5 is prime because the only product of two smaller numbers is 5 and 1).
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract which companies are local to Seattle which led to its development. Separate them with a comma.
Input: Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century, the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. Growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed into a technology center from the 1980s onwards with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region; Microsoft founder Bill Gates is a Seattleite by birth. Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle in 1994, and major airline Alaska Airlines is based in SeaTac, Washington, serving Seattle's international airport, Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000
Response: Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon, Alaska Airlines
Instruction: Please list down some details about Kate Elizabeth Pickett from given text
Input: Kate Elizabeth Pickett OBE FFPH FAcSS FRSA (born 1965) is a British epidemiologist and political activist who is Professor of Epidemiology in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of York, and was a National Institute for Health and Care Research Career Scientist from 2007–2012. She co-authored (with Richard G. Wilkinson) The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better and is a co-founder of The Equality Trust. Pickett was awarded a 2013 Silver Rose Award from Solidar for championing equality and the 2014 Charles Cully Memorial Medal by the Irish Cancer Society.
Response: 1. Kate Elizabeth Pickett, a British epidemiologist and political activist, was a Career Scientist at the National Institute for Health and Care Research from 2007 to 2012 and is currently a Professor of Epidemiology in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of York.
2. She founded The Equality Trust and co-authored The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better with Richard G. Wilkinson.
3. For promoting equality, Pickett received the Solidar Silver Rose Award in 2013 and the Irish Cancer Society's Charles Cully Memorial Medal in 2014.
Instruction: Who is the company Geberit
Input: Geberit (Alemannic German pronunciation: [ˈɡeberɪ:t] is a Swiss multinational group specialized in manufacturing and supplying sanitary parts and related systems. It is a leader in its field in Europe[3] with a global presence through its subsidiaries.[1][4][5]
Response: Geberit is a Swiss multinational group specialized in manufacturing and supplying sanitary parts and related systems. It is a leader in its field in Europe with a global presence through its subsidiaries.
Instruction: What is the difference between Parthian and Arsacid Empire?
Input: The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I,[13] who led the Parni tribe in conquering the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, who was rebelling against the Seleucid Empire. Mithridates I (r. c. 171–132 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to present-day Afghanistan and western Pakistan. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce.
Response: Parthian and Arsacid are different names of the same ancient Iranian empire that ruled from 247 BC to 224 AD. The Parthian Kings, or Shahs, often used Arsaces as their crown names which is why some refer to this empire as the Arsacids. They are also called Parthian because they started by conquering the region of Partha in Iran's northeast and the adopted the language of that region, called Parthian Middle Persian.
Instruction: Which NBA player has the most championships in NBA history?
Input: William Felton "Bill" Russell (February 12, 1934 – July 31, 2022) was an American professional basketball player who played as a center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) and a 12-time NBA All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty that won 11 NBA championships during his 13-year career.
Response: William Felton "Bill" Russell won 11 NBA championships during his 13-year career with the Boston Celtics.
Instruction: With reference to the text given, list some details about lung cancer
Input: Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancers are caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often exacerbated by cigarette smoking, or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells sometimes gain the ability to proliferate unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor. Without treatment, lung tumors can spread throughout the lung, damaging lung function. Eventually lung tumors metastasize, spreading to distant parts of the body, and causing varying disease. Lung cancers are classified based on the cells they originate from. Around 15% are small-cell lung cancers, while the remaining 85% (the non-small-cell lung cancers) are adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas.
Response: 1. Lung cancer, sometimes referred to as lung carcinoma, is a cancerous tumour that starts in the lung.
2. Smoking cigarettes or inhaling toxic chemicals can aggravate genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, which is what causes lung cancer.
3. In some cases, damaged airway cells acquire the capacity to proliferate unchecked, leading to the development of a tumour.
4. Lung tumours can spread throughout the lung if left untreated, impairing lung function.
5. Lung tumours eventually spread to other areas of the body and develop metastases, which lead to a variety of diseases.
6. The cells from which lung tumours develop are used to categorise them.
7. Adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas make up the majority of non-small-cell lung malignancies, which account for the remaining 15% of cases.
Instruction: Where do Macarons originate from?
Input: According to popular belief, the macaron has been introduced in France by the Italian chef of queen Catherine de Medici during the Renaissance but this appears to be a legend as the macaron is already mentioned in France in the 8th century in the Cormery Abbey.[3]
Response: The Macaron originates from France and is generally thought to have been created by an Italian chef of Catherine de Medici when she was the Queen of France during the 16th century. However the time period and original creator maybe a legend as there are documents referring to the Macaron in the 8th century from Cormery Abbey in France.
Instruction: What is a Xbox Music Mixer?
Input: The Xbox Music Mixer is a multimedia accessory/utility developed by Wild Tangent and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox. The Xbox Music Mixer was released on December 1, 2003. The Xbox Music Mixer allows one to transfer certain types of music and pictures directly from a PC to the Xbox, though this requires a separate install on the computer. The Xbox Music Mixer also allows one to view photos on a TV set and create customized soundtracks to go with the photo slideshow.
Response: The Box Music Mixer is a multimedia accessory/utility developed by Wild Tangent.
Instruction: Who set the first Guinness World Record for swimming under ice?
Input: Swimming under ice. On 16 March 2000, Hof set the Guinness World Record for farthest swim under ice on his second attempt, with a distance of 57.5 metres (188.6 feet).[36] Hof's first attempt the day before failed when he began his swim without goggles and his corneas froze solid and blinded him. A rescue diver pulled him to the surface after he passed out.[37] The record has been broken several times since and is 265 feet (81 m) as of 2022.[36][38]"
Response: On 16 March 2000, Wim Hof set the Guinness World Record for thre farthest swim under ice, with a distance of 57.5 metres (188.6 feet).
Instruction: Replace the word "lawyer" with "judge" and the word "pacifist" with "peace lover"
Input: Hermann Fernau (born 1883 or 1884) was a German lawyer, writer, journalist and pacifist.
Response: Hermann Fernau (born 1883 or 1884) was a German judge, writer, journalist and peace lover.
Instruction: How many percentages of people in London prefer to walk ?
Input: London has an extensive and developed transport network which includes both private and public services. Journeys made by public transport systems account for 37% of London's journeys while private services accounted for 36% of journeys, walking 24% and cycling 2%. London's public transport network serves as the central hub for the United Kingdom in rail, air and road transport.
Response: Approx. 24% people in London prefer to walk.
Instruction: Identify different ways to achieve safe atmospheric entry for space shuttles and provide a bullet list.
Input: To return to Earth, the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon. Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space. Upon reaching Earth, atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing. These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations. Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon's surface by a moon landing rocket, increasing the latter's required size. The Moon departure rocket, larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle, greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree.
Response: - Reduce speed and absorb kinetic energy on reentry.
- Use heat shields
- Use parachutes
Instruction: According to this paragraph about UVA, what happens to a student who commits an offense from the honor system?
Input: The nation's first codified honor system was instituted by UVA law professor Henry St. George Tucker, Sr. in 1842, after a fellow professor was shot to death on The Lawn. There are three tenets to the system: students simply must not lie, cheat, or steal. For its first 180 years it was a "single sanction system", meaning that committing any of these three offenses would result in expulsion from the university. In the spring of 2022, following decades of criticism and waning support for the system, a proposal to replace the penalty of expulsion with a two semester suspension passed a student referendum with over 80% of the vote and took effect immediately.
Response: As of spring 2022, students who commit an offense of the Honor System at UVA face a two semester suspension.
Instruction: What is the movie A Silence Voice about?
Input: The film covers elements of coming of age and psychological drama, dealing with themes of bullying, disability, forgiveness, mental health, suicide, and friendship of opposite sexes. It follows the story of a former bully turned social outcast, who decides to reconnect and befriend the deaf girl he had bullied years prior.[6]
Response: A Silent Voice is a Japanese animated film about a boy who used to bully a deaf girl, but was then shunned himself for bullying her. Years later, they reconnect and he tries to atone for his past. The film touches upon many charged topics especially prevalent in Japanese high schools from bullying to disability to suicide and mental health.
Instruction: Please give me an example of this phenomenon that I can understand as a layman.
Input: In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also often refers to the distortion or artifact that results when a signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.
Response: An example of aliasing that easy to understand as a layman is the 'wagon wheel effect'. You've probably seen the wagon wheel effect when watching a movie or tv show and the wheels of a car appear to be spinning backwards even as the car moves forwards. This is an effect of aliasing. This occurs because the sampling rate of the film is not adequate to capture the frequency of the signal (the frequency that the tires are spinning forwards) and the signal becomes indistinguishable from another signal (a frequency of the tires spinning backwards). As an example of how this happens imagine that the camera's sampling rate allows it to record an image frame at about 90% of the frequency that the tires are spinning. That is, the tire is spinning fast enough that it rotates 90% around in between each picture the camera can take. In this case, the wheel will look like its rotated backwards by 10% of a rotation on each image. When you put these images together in a film, the tires will appear to be rotating backwards.
Instruction: Extract the dates from the following.
Input: YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023.
Response: February 16, 2023
Instruction: Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the boiling point of magnesium in celsius?
Input: Elemental magnesium is a gray-white lightweight metal, two-thirds the density of aluminium. Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point 1,363 K (1,090 °C) of all the alkaline earth metals.[15]
Response: The boiling point of magnesium is 1,090 °C.
Instruction: Given the paragraph below, what is the population of Switzerland?
Input: Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the confluence of Western, Central and Southern Europe.[e][14] It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.

Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 8.7 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts the largest cities and economic centres, including Zürich, Geneva and Basel.
Response: The population of Switzerland is 8.7 million. The majority of the population reside in the plateau region which is home to cities such as Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.
Instruction: List all the years in order of appearance, separated by commas.
Input: Grosvenor Museum is a museum in Chester, Cheshire, in the United Kingdom. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Its full title is The Grosvenor Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, with Schools of Science and Art, for Chester, Cheshire and North Wales. It takes its name from the family name of the Dukes of Westminster, who are major landowners in Cheshire. The museum opened in 1886, it was extended in 1894, and major refurbishments took place between 1989 and 1999. Its contents include archaeological items from the Roman period, paintings, musical instruments, and a room arranged as a Victorian parlour.
Response: 1886, 1894, 1989, 1999
Instruction: What are all the books in the Lord of the Rings trilogy?
Input: Although often called a trilogy, the work was intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with The Silmarillion.[3][T 3] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955 in three volumes[3][4] titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material. Some later editions print the entire work in a single volume, following the author's original intent.
Response: The Lord of the Rings trilogy is comprised of: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King.
Instruction: Which of the following cast members have names that start with the letters A, B or P?
Input: Balraj Sahni as Abdul Rehman Khan
Sonu as Mini
Usha Kiran as Rama, Mini's mother
Padma
Laxmi
Sarita Devi
Anwari Bai
Leela Agha
Baby Farida
Asit Sen as Bhola
Response: Balraj Sahni, Padma, Anwari Bai, Baby Farida, Asit Sen
Instruction: Given this reference text about the Philadelphia Phillies, how many stadiums have they had and where do they play currently?
Input: The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts, in the National League. The team has played at several stadiums in the city, beginning with Recreation Park (1883–1886) and continuing at Baker Bowl (1887–1938); Shibe Park (which was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953 in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack) (1938–1970); Veterans Stadium (1971–2003), and now Citizens Bank Park (2004-present).
Response: The Phillies have played in five different stadium throughout their history in Philadelphia. They currently play at Citizens Bank Park.
Instruction: Was Wilbur Snyder a good wrestler
Input: Wilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler.

Wrestling career
Snyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California.[1] In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. He had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.[1]
Response: Wilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler.

Snyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California. In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. 

He had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.
Instruction: Where is Hoober Stand located?
Input: Hoober Stand is a 30-metre-high (98 ft) tower and Grade II* listed building on a ridge in Wentworth, South Yorkshire in northern England. It was designed by Henry Flitcroft for the Whig aristocrat Thomas Watson-Wentworth, Earl of Malton (later the 1st Marquess of Rockingham) to commemorate the quashing of the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. It lies close to his country seat Wentworth Woodhouse. Its site is approximately 157 metres (515 ft) above sea level and from the top there are long-distance views on a clear day. Hoober Stand is one of several follies in and around Wentworth Woodhouse park; the others include Needle's Eye and Keppel's Column. Sidney Oldall Addy, the Sheffield author calls the structure Woburn Stand in his 1888 book, A glossary of words used in the neighbourhood of Sheffield.
Response: Wentworth, South Yorkshire in northern England
Instruction: What is Autism and how varied is the spectrum?
Input: The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or sometimes autism spectrum condition (ASC), identifies a loosely defined cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by challenges in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and often repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Other common features include unusual responses to sensory stimuli and a preference for sameness or unusual adherence to routines.
Autism is generally understood to be a spectrum disorder, as it can manifest differently in each person: any autistic individual is likely to show some, but not all, of the characteristics associated with it, and the person may exhibit them to varying degrees and frequencies.There is large variation in the support needs of autistic people, and some are nonspeaking, while others have proficient spoken language.
Response: Autism is a highly variable neurodevelopmental disorder that is generally thought to cover a broad and deep spectrum, manifesting very differently from one person to another. Some have high support needs, may be non-speaking, and experience developmental delays; this is more likely with other co-existing diagnoses. Others have relatively low support needs; they may have more typical speech-language and intellectual skills but atypical social/conversation skills, narrowly focused interests, and wordy, pedantic communication.They may still require significant support in some areas of their lives. The spectrum model should not be understood as a continuum running from mild to severe, but instead means that autism can present very differently in each individual.How a person presents can depend on context, and may vary over time.
Instruction: Should we all use Qubes OS for most daily task that involve the internet?
Input: Qubes implements a Security by Isolation approach. The assumption is that there can be no perfect, bug-free desktop environment: such an environment counts millions of lines of code and billions of software/hardware interactions. One critical bug in any of these interactions may be enough for malicious software to take control of a machine.
Response: I have been using Qubes OS for all my online activities for the last few years.  Qubes' disposable VM concept fit nicely in this use case.
Instruction: What was the profession of Araber Rahaman?
Input: Araber Rahaman (died 28 April 2013) was an Indian politician. He was the Tripura MLA for Boxanagar from 1978–1988.
Response: He was a politician.
Instruction: Change this sentence to present tense
Input: John Watson was an early American painter, born in Scotland.
Response: John Watson is an early American painter, born in Scotland.
Instruction: What was Mark Twain's real name?
Input: Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the "Great American Novel". Twain also wrote A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894), and co-wrote The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873) with Charles Dudley Warner.
Response: Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835 as Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the "Great American Novel".