Question: The Doctrine of Chances was the first textbook on probability theory written by a mathematician who fled France to escape the persecution of French Protestants who follow what?
Sentence (from "The Doctrine of Chances"): The book's title came to be synonymous with "probability theory", and accordingly the phrase was used in Thomas Bayes' famous posthumous paper "An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances", wherein a version of Bayes' theorem was first introduced.
Relevant evidence: No