Question: What was the beginning year of the European debt crisis that particularly affected Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain?
Sentence (from "PIGS (economics)"): During the European debt crisis, the term was also increasingly used to refer to the economies of Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain, four EU member states that were unable to refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks on their own during the crisis.
Relevant evidence: Yes