MikhailT/lj-speech huggingface dataset:
When shown the revolver, she stated that she recognized it as the one owned by her husband.
She also testified that this appeared to be the revolver seen in Oswald's belt
in the picture she took in late March or early April 1963 when the family was living on Neely Street in Dallas.
Police found an empty revolver holster when they searched Oswald's room on Beckley Avenue after his arrest.
Marina Oswald testified that this was the holster which contained the revolver in the photographs taken on Neely Street.
Oswald's Jacket
Approximately 15 minutes before the shooting of Tippit, Oswald was seen leaving his roominghouse.
He was wearing a zipper jacket which he had not been wearing moments before when he had arrived home.
When Oswald was arrested, he did not have a jacket.
Shortly after Tippit was slain, policemen found a light-colored zipper jacket along the route taken by the killer as he attempted to escape.
At 1:22 p.m. the Dallas police radio described the man wanted for the murder of Tippit as, quote, a white male about thirty,
five foot eight inches, black hair, slender, wearing a white jacket, white shirt and dark slacks, end quote,
According to Patrolman Poe this description came from Mrs. Markham and Mrs. Barbara Jeanette Davis.
Mrs. Markham told Poe
that the man was a, quote, white male, about 25, about five feet eight, brown hair, medium, end quote, and wearing a, quote,
white jacket, end quote,
Mrs. Davis gave Poe the same general description: a, quote, white male in his early twenties, around five foot seven inches
or eight inches, about 145 pounds, end quote, and wearing a white jacket.
As has been discussed previously,
two witnesses, Warren Reynolds and B. M. Patterson, saw the gunman run toward the rear of a gasoline service station on Jefferson Boulevard.
Mrs. Mary Brock, the wife of a mechanic who worked at the station, was there at the time and she saw a white male,
5 feet, 10 inches, wearing light clothing, a light-colored jacket" walk past her at a fast pace with his hands in his pocket.
She last saw him in the parking lot directly behind the service station.
When interviewed by FBI agents on January 21, 1964,
she identified a picture of Oswald as being the same person she saw on November 22.
She confirmed this interview by a sworn affidavit.
At 1:24 p.m., the police radio reported, quote,
The suspect last seen running west on Jefferson from 400 East Jefferson.
Police Capt. W. R. Westbrook and several other officers concentrated their search along Jefferson Boulevard.
Westbrook walked through the parking lot behind the service station and found a light-colored jacket lying under the rear of one of the cars.
Westbrook identified Commission Exhibit No. 162 as the light-colored jacket which he discovered underneath the automobile.
This jacket belonged to Lee Harvey Oswald. Marina Oswald stated that her husband owned only two jackets, one blue and the other gray.
The blue jacket was found in the Texas School Book Depository and was identified by Marina Oswald as her husband's.
Marina Oswald also identified Commission Exhibit No. 162, the jacket found by Captain Westbrook, as her husband's second jacket.
The eyewitnesses vary in their identification of the jacket.
Mrs. Earlene Roberts, the housekeeper at Oswald's roominghouse and the last person known to have seen him before he reached 10th Street and Patton Avenue,
said that she may have seen the gray zipper jacket but she was not certain.
It seemed to her that the jacket Oswald wore was darker than Commission Exhibit No. 162.
Ted Callaway, who saw the gunman moments after the shooting, testified that Commission Exhibit No. 162
looked like the jacket he was wearing but, quote, I thought it had a little more tan to it, end quote.
Two other witnesses, Sam Guinyard and William Arthur Smith,
testified that Commission Exhibit No. 162 was the jacket worn by the man they saw on November 22.
Mrs. Markham and Barbara Davis thought that the jacket worn by the slayer of Tippit was darker than the jacket found by Westbrook.
Scoggins thought it was lighter.
There is no doubt, however, that Oswald was seen leaving his roominghouse at about 1 p.m. wearing a zipper jacket,
that the man who killed Tippit was wearing a light-colored jacket,
that he was seen running along Jefferson Boulevard, that a jacket was found under a car in a lot adjoining Jefferson Boulevard
that the jacket belonged to Lee Harvey Oswald, and that when he was arrested at approximately 1:50 p.m., he was in shirt sleeves.
These facts warrant the finding that Lee Harvey Oswald disposed of his jacket as he fled from the scene of the Tippit killing.
The foregoing evidence establishes that (1) two eyewitnesses who heard the shots and saw the shooting of Dallas Police Patrolman J. D. Tippit
and seven eyewitnesses who saw the flight of the gunman with revolver in hand
positively identified Lee Harvey Oswald as the man they saw fire the shots or flee from the scene,
(2) the cartridge cases found near the scene of the shooting were fired from the revolver in the possession of Oswald at the time of his arrest,
to the exclusion of all other weapons,
(3) the revolver in Oswald's possession at the time of his arrest was purchased by and belonged to Oswald, and (4)
Oswald's jacket was found along the path of flight taken by the gunman as he fled from the scene of the killing.
The Warren Commission Report. By The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. Chapter 4. The Assassin: Part 7.
Oswald's Arrest
The Texas Theatre is on the north side of Jefferson Boulevard, approximately eight blocks from the scene of the Tippit shooting and six blocks
from where several witnesses last saw Oswald running west on Jefferson Boulevard. Shortly after the Tippit murder,
police sirens sounded along Jefferson Boulevard.
One of the persons who heard the sirens was Johnny Calvin Brewer, manager of Hardy's Shoestore, a few doors east of the Texas Theatre.
Brewer knew from radio broadcasts that the President had been shot and that a patrolman had also been shot in Oak Cliff.
When he heard police sirens, he, quote, looked up and saw the man enter the lobby, end quote.
a recessed area extending about 15 feet between the sidewalk and the front door of his store.
A police car made a U-turn, and as the sirens grew fainter,
the man in the lobby, quote, looked over his shoulder and turned around and walked up West Jefferson towards the theatre, end quote.
The man wore a T-shirt beneath his outer shirt and he had no jacket.
Brewer said, quote, He just looked funny to me. His hair was sort of messed up and looked like he had been running, and he looked scared, and he looked funny, end quote.
Mrs. Julia Postal, selling tickets at the box office of the Texas Theatre,
heard police sirens and then saw a man as he, quote, ducked into, end quote, the outer lobby space of the theatre near the ticket office.
Attracted by the sound of the sirens, Mrs. Postal stepped out of the box office and walked to the curb.
Shortly thereafter, Johnny Brewer, who had come from the nearby shoestore, asked Mrs. Postal whether the fellow that had ducked in had bought a ticket.
She said, quote, No; by golly, he didn't, end quote, and turned around, but the man was nowhere in sight.
Brewer told Mrs. Postal that he had seen the man ducking into his place of business and that he had followed him to the theatre.
She sent Brewer into the theatre to find the man and check the exits, told him about the assassination, and said, quote,
I don't know if this is the man they want. But he is running from them for some reason, end quote, She then called the police.
At 1:45 p.m., the police radio stated, quote, Have information a suspect just went in the Texas Theatre on West Jefferson, end quote.
Patrol cars bearing at least 15 officers converged on the Texas Theatre.
Patrolman M. N. McDonald, with Patrolmen R. Hawkins, T. A. Hutson, and C. T. Walker, entered the theatre from the rear.
Other policemen entered the front door and searched the balcony.
Detective Paul L. Bentley rushed to the balcony and told the projectionist to turn up the house lights.
Brewer met McDonald and the other policemen at the alley exit door,
stepped out onto the stage with them and pointed out the man who had come into the theatre without paying.
The man was Oswald. He was sitting alone in the rear of the main floor of the theatre near the right center aisle.
About six or seven people were seated on the theatre's main floor and an equal number in the balcony.
McDonald first searched two men in the center of the main floor, about 10 rows from the front.
He walked out of the row up the right center aisle.
When he reached the row where the suspect was sitting, McDonald stopped abruptly and told the man to get on his feet.
Oswald rose from his seat, bringing up both hands.
As McDonald started to search Oswald's waist for a gun, he heard him say, quote, Well, it's all over now, end quote.
Oswald then struck McDonald between the eyes with his left fist; with his right hand he drew a gun from his waist.
McDonald struck back with his right hand and grabbed the gun with his left hand. They both fell into the seats.
Three other officers, moving toward the scuffle, grabbed Oswald from the front, rear and side.
As McDonald fell into the seat with his left hand on the gun, he felt something graze across his hand and heard what sounded like the snap of the hammer.
McDonald felt the pistol scratch his cheek as he wrenched it away from Oswald.
Detective Bob K. Carroll, who was standing beside McDonald, seized the gun from him.
The other officers who helped subdue Oswald corroborated McDonald in his testimony
except that they did not hear Oswald say, quote, It's all over now, end quote.
Deputy Sheriff Eddy R. Walthers recalled such a remark but he did not reach the scene of the struggle
until Oswald had been knocked to the floor by McDonald and the others.
Some of the officers saw Oswald strike McDonald with his fist. Most of them heard a click which they assumed to be a click of the hammer of the revolver.
Testimony of a firearms expert before the Commission established that the hammer of the revolver never touched the shell in the chamber.
Although the witnesses did not hear the sound of a misfire,
they might have heard a snapping noise resulting from the police officer grabbing the cylinder of the revolver and pulling it away from Oswald while he was attempting to pull the trigger.
testified regarding the arrest of Oswald, as did the various police officers who participated in the fight.
George Jefferson Applin, Jr., confirmed that Oswald fought with four or five officers before he was handcuffed.
He added that one officer grabbed the muzzle of a shotgun, drew back, and hit Oswald with the butt end of the gun in the back.
No other theatre patron or officer has testified that Oswald was hit by a gun.
Nor did Oswald ever complain that he was hit with a gun, or injured in the back.
Deputy Sheriff Walthers brought a shotgun into the theatre but laid it on some seats before helping subdue Oswald.
Officer Ray Hawkins said
that there was no one near Oswald who had a shotgun and he saw no one strike Oswald in the back with a rifle butt or the butt of a gun.
John Gibson, another patron in the theatre, saw an officer grab Oswald, and he claims that he heard the click of a gun misfiring.
He saw no shotgun in the possession of any policeman near Oswald.
Johnny Brewer testified he saw Oswald pull the revolver and the officers struggle with him to take it away
but that once he was subdued, no officer struck him.
He further stated that while fists were flying he heard one of the officers say, quote, Kill the President, will you, end quote.
It is unlikely that any of the police officers referred to Oswald as a suspect in the assassination.
While the police radio had noted the similarity in description of the two suspects, the arresting officers were pursuing Oswald for the murder of Tippit.
As Oswald, handcuffed, was led from the theatre, he was, according to McDonald, quote,
cursing a little bit and hollering police brutality, end quote.
At 1:51 p.m., police car 2 reported by radio that it was on the way to headquarters with the suspect.
Captain Fritz returned to police headquarters from the Texas School Book Depository at 2:15 after a brief stop at the sheriff's office.
When he entered the homicide and robbery bureau office, he saw two detectives standing there with Sgt. Gerald L. Hill,
who had driven from the theatre with Oswald.
Hill testified that Fritz told the detective to get a search warrant, go to an address on Fifth Street in Irving,
and pick up a man named Lee Oswald. When Hill asked why Oswald was wanted,
Fritz replied, quote, Well, he was employed down at the Book Depository and he had not been present for a roll call of the employees, end quote.
Hill said, quote, Captain, we will save you a trip. There he sits, end quote.
Statements of Oswald during Detention.
Oswald was questioned intermittently for approximately 12 hours between 2:30 p.m., on November 22, and 11 a.m.,
on November 24.
Throughout this interrogation he denied that he had anything to do either with the assassination of President Kennedy or the murder of Patrolman Tippit.
Captain Fritz of the homicide and robbery bureau did most of the questioning, but he kept no notes and there were no stenographic or tape recordings.
Representatives of other law enforcement agencies were also present, including the FBI and the U.S. Secret Service.
They occasionally participated in the questioning.
The reports prepared by those present at these interviews are set forth in appendix 11.
A full discussion of Oswald's detention and interrogation is presented in chapter 5 of this report.
During the evening of November 22, the Dallas Police Department performed paraffin tests on Oswald's hands and right cheek
in an apparent effort to determine, by means of a scientific test, whether Oswald had recently fired a weapon.
The results were positive for the hands and negative for the right cheek.
Expert testimony before the Commission
was to the effect that the paraffin test was unreliable in determining whether or not a person has fired a rifle or revolver.
The Commission has, therefore, placed no reliance on the paraffin tests administered by the Dallas police.
Oswald provided little information during his questioning.
Frequently, however, he was confronted with evidence which he could not explain, and he resorted to statements which are known to be lies.
While Oswald's untrue statements during interrogation were not considered items of positive proof
by the Commission, they had probative value in deciding the weight to be given to his denials that he assassinated President Kennedy
and killed Patrolman Tippit. Since independent evidence revealed that Oswald repeatedly and blatantly lied to the police,
the Commission gave little weight to his denials of guilt.
Denial of Rifle Ownership
From the outset, Oswald denied owning a rifle.
On November 23, Fritz confronted Oswald with the evidence that he had purchased a rifle under the fictitious name of "Hidell."
Oswald said that this was not true. Oswald denied that he had a rifle wrapped up in a blanket in the Paine garage.
Oswald also denied owning a rifle and said that since leaving the Marine Corps he had fired only a small bore 22 rifle.
On the afternoon of November 23, Officers H. M. Moore,
R. S. Stovall, and G. F. Rose obtained a search warrant and examined Oswald's effects in the Paine garage.
They discovered two photographs, each showing Oswald with a rifle and a pistol.
These photographs were shown to Oswald on the evening of November 23 and again on the morning of the 24th.
According to Fritz, Oswald sneered, saying that they were fake photographs, that he had been photographed a number of times the day before by the police,
that they had superimposed upon the photographs a rifle and a revolver. He told Fritz a number of times that the smaller photograph
was either made from the larger, or the larger photograph was made from the smaller and that at the proper time he would show that the pictures were fakes.
Fritz told him that the two small photographs were found in the Paine garage.
At that point, Oswald refused to answer any further questions.
As previously indicated, Marina Oswald testified that she took the two pictures with her husband's Imperial Reflex camera
when they lived on Neely Street.
Her testimony was fully supported by a photography expert who testified that in his opinion the pictures were not composites.
At the first interrogation, Oswald claimed that his only crime was carrying a gun and resisting arrest.
When Captain Fritz asked him why he carried the revolver, he answered, quote, Well, you know about a pistol. I just carried it, end quote.
He falsely alleged that he bought the revolver in Fort Worth, when in fact he purchased it from a mail-order house in Los Angeles.
The Aliases "Hidell" and "O. H. Lee"
The arresting officers found a forged selective service card with a picture of Oswald and the name "Alek J. Hidell"
in Oswald's billfold. On November 22 and 23, Oswald refused to tell Fritz why this card was in his possession,
or to answer any questions concerning the card.
On Sunday morning, November 24, Oswald denied that he knew A. J. Hidell.
Captain Fritz produced the selective service card bearing the name "Alek J. Hidell."
Oswald became angry and said, quote,
Now, I've told you all I'm going to tell you about that card in my billfolds -- you have the card yourself and you know as much about it as I do, end quote.
At the last interrogation in November Oswald admitted to Postal Inspector Holmes that he had rented post office box 2915, Dallas,
but denied that he had received a package in this box addressed to Hidell.
He also denied that he had received the rifle through this box.
Holmes reminded Oswald that A. J. Hidell was listed on post office box 30061, New Orleans,
as one entitled to receive mail.
Oswald replied, quote, I don't know anything about that, end quote.
When asked why he lived at his roominghouse under the name O. H. Lee,
Oswald responded that the landlady simply made a mistake, because he told her that his name was Lee, meaning his first name.
An examination of the roominghouse register revealed that Oswald actually signed the name O. H. Lee.
In concluding that Oswald was carrying a rifle in the paper bag on the morning of November 22, 1963,
the Commission found that Oswald lied when he told Frazier that he was returning to Irving to obtain curtain rods.
When asked about the curtain rod story, Oswald lied again.
He denied that he had ever told Frazier that he wanted a ride to Irving to get curtain rods for an apartment.
He explained that a party for the Paine children had been planned for the weekend and he preferred not to be in the Paine house at that time;
therefore, he made his weekly visit on Thursday night.
Actually, the party for one of the Paine's children was the preceding weekend, when Marina Oswald suggested that Oswald remain in Dallas.
When told that Frazier and Mrs. Randle had seen him carrying a long heavy package, Oswald replied, quote, Well, they was mistaken.
that must have been some other time he picked me up, end quote,
In one interview, he told Fritz that the only sack he carried to work that day
was a lunch sack which he kept on his lap during the ride from Irving to Dallas.
Frazier testified before the Commission that Oswald carried no lunch sack that day.
Actions During and After Shooting
During the first interrogation on November 22, Fritz asked Oswald to account for himself at the time the President was shot.
Oswald told him that he ate lunch in the first-floor lunchroom and then went to the second floor for a Coke which he brought downstairs.
He acknowledged the encounter with the police officer on the second floor.
Oswald told Fritz that after lunch he went outside, talked with Foreman Bill Shelley for 5 or 10 minutes and then left for home.
He said that he left work because Bill Shelley said that there would be no more work done that day in the building.
Shelley denied seeing Oswald after 12 noon or at any time after the shooting.
The next day, Oswald added to his story.
He stated that at the time the President was shot he was having lunch with "Junior" but he did not give Junior's last name.
The only employee at the Depository Building named "Junior" was James Jarman, Jr.
Jarman testified that he ate his lunch on the first floor around 5 minutes to 12, and that he neither ate lunch with nor saw Oswald.
Jarman did talk to Oswald that morning: Quote,
he asked me what were the people gathering around on the corner for and I told him that the President was supposed to pass that morning,
and he asked me did I know which way he was coming, and I told him, yes, he probably come down Main and turn on Houston and then back again on Elm.
Then he said, "Oh, I see," and that was all.
Prior attempt to kill.
The Attempt on the Life of Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker
At approximately 9 p.m., on April 10, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker,
an active and controversial figure on the American political scene since his resignation from the U.S. Army in 1961
narrowly escaped death when a rifle bullet fired from outside his home passed near his head as he was seated at his desk.
There were no eyewitnesses, although a 14-year-old boy in a neighboring house claimed that immediately after the shooting
he saw two men, in separate cars, drive out of a church parking lot adjacent to Walker's home. A friend of Walker's testified that
two nights before the shooting he saw, quote, two men around the house peeking in windows, end quote.
General Walker gave this information to the police before the shooting, but it did not help solve the crime.
Although the bullet was recovered from Walker's house, in the absence of a weapon it was of little investigatory value.
General Walker hired two investigators to determine whether a former employee might have been involved in the shooting.
Their results were negative.
Until December 3, 1963, the Walker shooting remained unsolved.
The Commission evaluated the following evidence in considering whether Lee Harvey Oswald fired the shot which almost killed General Walker:
A note which Oswald left for his wife on the evening of the shooting,
(2) photographs found among Oswald's possessions after the assassination of President Kennedy,
(3) firearm identification of the bullet found in Walker's home, and (4)
admissions and other statements made to Marina Oswald by Oswald concerning the shooting. Note left by Oswald.
On December 2, 1963, Mrs. Ruth Paine turned over to the police some of the Oswalds' belongings,
including a Russian volume entitled, quote, Book of Useful Advice, end quote. In this book was an undated note written in Russian.
In translation, the note read as follows: 1.
This is the key to the mailbox which is located in the main post office in the city on Ervay Street.
This is the same street where the drugstore, in which you always waited is located.
You will find the mailbox in the post office which is located 4 blocks from the drugstore on that street.
I paid for the box last month so don't worry about it.
2. Send the information as to what has happened to me to the Embassy.
and include newspaper clippings (should there be anything about me in the newspapers). I believe that the Embassy will come quickly to your assistance on learning everything.
3. I paid the house rent on the 2nd so don't worry about it. 4. Recently I also paid for water and gas.
5. The money from work will possibly be coming. The money will be sent to our post office box. Go to the bank and cash the check.
6. You can either throw out or give my clothing, etc. away. Do not keep these.
However, I prefer that you hold on to my personal papers (military, civil, etc.).
7. Certain of my documents are in the small blue valise.
10. I left you as much money as I could,
$60 on the second of the month. You and the baby can live for another 2 months using $10 per week.
11. If I am alive and taken prisoner,
the city jail is located at the end of the bridge through which we always passed on going to the city (right in the beginning of the city after crossing the bridge).