MikaStars39/nano-eval huggingface dataset:
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the highest power of 3 that divides the integer n exactly. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [9, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 81]
B. [9, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 81]
C. [27, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 27]
D. [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
E. [9, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 81]
F. [9, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1]
G. [9, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 81]
H. [9, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 1, 81]
I. [9, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 81]
J. [3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 27]
Answer: G
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is Chowla's function: sum of the proper divisors of n, which are all positive divisors of n excluding 1 and n itself. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [18, 65, 9, 114, 9, 31, 40, 55, 10, 81]
B. [20, 67, 7, 116, 7, 33, 42, 57, 12, 83]
C. [23, 70, 4, 119, 4, 36, 45, 60, 15, 86]
D. [26, 73, 0, 122, 0, 39, 48, 63, 18, 89]
E. [24, 71, 3, 120, 3, 37, 46, 61, 16, 87]
F. [27, 74, 1, 123, 1, 40, 49, 64, 19, 90]
G. [19, 66, 8, 115, 8, 32, 41, 56, 11, 82]
H. [25, 72, 2, 121, 2, 38, 47, 62, 17, 88]
I. [22, 69, 5, 118, 5, 35, 44, 59, 14, 85]
J. [21, 68, 6, 117, 6, 34, 43, 58, 13, 84]
Answer: D
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the elliptic divisibility sequence associated with the elliptic curve "37a1": y^2 + y = x^3 - x, defined by the multiples of the point (0,0) on this elliptic curve. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [-620297, 2382785, 7869898, 7001471, -126742987, -398035821, 1687054711, -7911171596, -47301104551, 43244638645]
B. [-620299, 2382785, 7869900, 7001471, -126742982, -398035824, 1687054711, -7911171594, -47301104553, 43244638642]
C. [-620298, 2382786, 7869899, 7001471, -126742988, -398035820, 1687054710, -7911171595, -47301104550, 43244638646]
D. [-620296, 2382788, 7869896, 7001474, -126742987, -398035818, 1687054712, -7911171595, -47301104557, 43244638649]
E. [-620297, 2382787, 7869898, 7001473, -126742988, -398035819, 1687054713, -7911171593, -47301104551, 43244638645]
F. [-620300, 2382789, 7869895, 7001470, -126742990, -398035827, 1687054714, -7911171597, -47301104554, 43244638646]
G. [-620297, 2382785, 7869898, 7001470, -126742989, -398035823, 1687054710, -7911171595, -47301104552, 43244638643]
H. [-620295, 2382783, 7869899, 7001472, -126742985, -398035820, 1687054712, -7911171594, -47301104548, 43244638647]
I. [-620297, 2382785, 7869898, 7001472, -126742984, -398035819, 1687054709, -7911171592, -47301104550, 43244638641]
J. [-620296, 2382784, 7869897, 7001472, -126742986, -398035822, 1687054711, -7911171596, -47301104549, 43244638644]
Answer: A
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of segments used to represent the digit n on a seven-segment calculator display, where the segments required for the digits '0' to '9' are as follows: 6 for '0', 2 for '1', 5 for '2', 5 for '3', 4 for '4', 5 for '5', 6 for '6', 3 for '7', 7 for '8', and 6 for '9'. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [9, 13, 12, 9, 5, 8, 8, 7, 8, 9]
B. [10, 12, 13, 8, 6, 7, 9, 6, 7, 8]
C. [10, 11, 13, 9, 4, 9, 8, 7, 8, 8]
D. [8, 13, 11, 10, 5, 9, 9, 7, 8, 7]
E. [11, 12, 12, 9, 5, 8, 8, 8, 7, 9]
F. [9, 14, 12, 8, 6, 8, 7, 7, 8, 9]
G. [9, 15, 12, 10, 5, 8, 8, 8, 8, 10]
H. [10, 13, 12, 8, 5, 7, 9, 8, 8, 9]
I. [9, 12, 13, 9, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 8]
J. [11, 14, 11, 10, 4, 8, 7, 8, 6, 10]
Answer: A
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the denominators in the left-hand half of Kepler's tree of fractions, where Kepler's tree is a specific binary tree that generates all positive rational numbers through a process involving mediants and harmonic means, starting with the initial fraction 1/2. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [20, 14, 14, 19, 19, 22, 22, 15, 15, 25]
B. [15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 20, 20, 18, 18, 21]
C. [16, 17, 17, 17, 17, 22, 22, 19, 19, 23]
D. [19, 16, 16, 18, 18, 21, 21, 18, 18, 23]
E. [23, 19, 19, 15, 15, 24, 24, 18, 18, 20]
F. [22, 15, 15, 18, 18, 23, 23, 17, 17, 21]
G. [17, 15, 15, 16, 16, 19, 19, 17, 17, 20]
H. [18, 17, 17, 16, 16, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22]
I. [14, 16, 17, 17, 17, 21, 21, 20, 20, 22]
J. [21, 18, 18, 19, 19, 23, 23, 18, 18, 24]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the squares of odd pentagonal pyramidal numbers. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [1246160600, 2169230625, 3603000626, 5752160648, 8877596841, 13305853201, 19439330625, 27767223223, 38877191929, 53467775361]
B. [1246160600, 2169230625, 3603000625, 5752160648, 8877596841, 13305853200, 19439330625, 27767223224, 38877191929, 53467775360]
C. [1246160601, 2169230625, 3603000626, 5752160649, 8877596841, 13305853200, 19439330625, 27767223226, 38877191929, 53467775360]
D. [1246160603, 2169230625, 3603000625, 5752160648, 8877596839, 13305853201, 19439330625, 27767223225, 38877191929, 53467775360]
E. [1246160602, 2169230623, 3603000625, 5752160649, 8877596840, 13305853201, 19439330624, 27767223225, 38877191930, 53467775361]
F. [1246160601, 2169230626, 3603000624, 5752160647, 8877596841, 13305853201, 19439330626, 27767223225, 38877191929, 53467775362]
G. [1246160602, 2169230625, 3603000627, 5752160649, 8877596840, 13305853201, 19439330625, 27767223225, 38877191931, 53467775361]
H. [1246160601, 2169230624, 3603000625, 5752160649, 8877596842, 13305853201, 19439330626, 27767223225, 38877191928, 53467775361]
I. [1246160601, 2169230625, 3603000625, 5752160649, 8877596841, 13305853201, 19439330625, 27767223225, 38877191929, 53467775361]
J. [1246160601, 2169230627, 3603000625, 5752160649, 8877596840, 13305853202, 19439330625, 27767223224, 38877191929, 53467775361]
Answer: I
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Additive function a(n) defined by the recursive formula a(1)=1 and a(p^k)=a(k) for any prime p. For composite numbers, a(n) is the sum of the values of a at its prime factors. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2]
B. [2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3]
C. [2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3]
D. [3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3]
E. [2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3]
F. [2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2]
G. [3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3]
H. [2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3]
I. [2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
J. [2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the numbers whose sum of divisors (including the number itself) is even. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83]
B. [71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82]
C. [71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82]
D. [70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83]
E. [71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83]
F. [71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82]
G. [72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83]
H. [70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82]
I. [71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82]
J. [71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83]
Answer: I
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Remove all prime factors of the form 4k+3 from n, where k is a non-negative integer. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [26, 1, 80, 1, 41, 81, 2, 42, 86, 87]
B. [78, 1, 80, 1, 82, 1, 4, 42, 2, 14]
C. [39, 1, 80, 1, 82, 1, 4, 85, 2, 29]
D. [52, 1, 8, 1, 82, 1, 4, 85, 2, 29]
E. [13, 79, 40, 1, 82, 83, 4, 42, 86, 29]
F. [26, 1, 80, 1, 41, 81, 42, 85, 86, 29]
G. [26, 1, 40, 81, 41, 83, 4, 85, 43, 29]
H. [26, 1, 80, 1, 82, 1, 4, 85, 2, 29]
I. [13, 1, 80, 1, 41, 1, 4, 85, 2, 14]
J. [26, 79, 20, 1, 82, 1, 4, 85, 2, 29]
Answer: H
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of antichains in rooted plane trees with n nodes. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [12723799989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424291]
B. [12723799989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
C. [12723799989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828131640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
D. [12723798989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
E. [12723799989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13703034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
F. [12723799989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2733428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
G. [12723799989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424392]
H. [12723799989, 72474333715, 415046380767, 2388355096456, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
I. [12723799989, 72474333715, 405046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
J. [12723799989, 72472333715, 415046380767, 2388355096446, 13803034008095, 80082677184820, 466263828731640, 2723428895205210, 15954063529603565, 93711351580424391]
Answer: B
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Base -2 representation of -n, reinterpreted as binary. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [173, 172, 175, 174, 185, 184, 187, 186, 181, 180]
B. [273, 272, 275, 274, 285, 284, 287, 286, 281, 280]
C. [213, 212, 215, 214, 225, 224, 227, 226, 221, 220]
D. [163, 162, 165, 164, 175, 174, 177, 176, 171, 170]
E. [153, 152, 155, 154, 165, 164, 167, 166, 161, 160]
F. [203, 202, 205, 204, 215, 214, 217, 216, 211, 210]
G. [193, 192, 195, 194, 205, 204, 207, 206, 201, 200]
H. [183, 182, 185, 184, 195, 194, 197, 196, 191, 190]
I. [293, 292, 295, 294, 305, 304, 307, 306, 301, 300]
J. [123, 122, 125, 124, 135, 134, 137, 136, 131, 130]
Answer: G
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the Doudna sequence: write n-1 in binary; the power of the k-th prime in a(n) is the number of 1's in the binary representation of n-1 that are followed by k-1 consecutive 0's. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [250, 375, 108, 625, 162, 243, 64, 17, 26, 39]
B. [255, 380, 110, 630, 164, 245, 67, 19, 28, 41]
C. [251, 376, 109, 626, 163, 244, 65, 18, 27, 40]
D. [270, 395, 125, 650, 175, 260, 80, 30, 36, 55]
E. [265, 390, 120, 645, 170, 255, 75, 25, 34, 50]
F. [240, 360, 102, 610, 155, 235, 59, 14, 20, 35]
G. [245, 365, 106, 615, 159, 239, 60, 15, 23, 36]
H. [260, 385, 115, 640, 169, 250, 72, 24, 32, 48]
I. [249, 370, 107, 620, 160, 240, 63, 16, 25, 38]
J. [255, 378, 113, 635, 167, 248, 70, 22, 30, 45]
Answer: A
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is palindromes with an odd number of digits, where each digit in the palindrome reads the same forwards and backwards. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [473, 483, 493, 503, 513, 523, 533, 543, 553, 563]
B. [470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560]
C. [477, 487, 497, 507, 517, 527, 537, 547, 557, 567]
D. [471, 481, 491, 501, 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561]
E. [374, 384, 394, 404, 414, 424, 434, 444, 454, 464]
F. [574, 584, 594, 605, 615, 625, 635, 645, 655, 665]
G. [474, 484, 494, 504, 514, 524, 534, 544, 554, 564]
H. [474, 484, 494, 505, 515, 525, 535, 545, 555, 565]
I. [474, 484, 494, 506, 516, 526, 536, 546, 556, 566]
J. [475, 485, 495, 506, 516, 526, 536, 546, 556, 566]
Answer: H
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of letters in the Roman numeral representation of n. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 3, 4, 6, 2, 2]
B. [3, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3]
C. [5, 5, 5, 4, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3]
D. [5, 7, 4, 4, 1, 4, 3, 5, 2, 3]
E. [4, 5, 6, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2]
F. [6, 5, 5, 5, 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 3]
G. [4, 4, 6, 5, 3, 2, 2, 4, 5, 1]
H. [5, 6, 7, 5, 2, 3, 2, 5, 3, 1]
I. [3, 6, 4, 5, 2, 2, 4, 6, 3, 2]
J. [4, 7, 5, 3, 2, 2, 3, 5, 4, 2]
Answer: E
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the characteristic function of numbers having only factors that are Pierpont primes. A Pierpont prime is a prime of the form \\( 2^u \\cdot 3^v + 1 \\) where \\( u \\) and \\( v \\) are nonnegative integers. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]
B. [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1]
C. [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0]
D. [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
E. [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
F. [0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
G. [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]
H. [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]
I. [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0]
J. [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0]
Answer: B
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the distance (difference) of the n-th primorial number from the largest prime number that is less than this primorial. A primorial is the product of the first n prime numbers. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [260, 310, 311, 611, 344, 314, 310, 672, 464, 320]
B. [258, 308, 312, 608, 348, 318, 308, 674, 468, 318]
C. [257, 307, 313, 607, 347, 317, 307, 677, 467, 317]
D. [255, 307, 313, 609, 347, 315, 307, 679, 467, 315]
E. [254, 305, 316, 610, 341, 315, 302, 675, 461, 319]
F. [253, 307, 313, 607, 343, 317, 303, 676, 462, 317]
G. [256, 307, 313, 606, 347, 317, 304, 676, 467, 314]
H. [257, 309, 311, 603, 345, 319, 305, 679, 465, 319]
I. [259, 305, 315, 605, 349, 319, 309, 675, 469, 319]
J. [257, 306, 314, 604, 346, 316, 306, 678, 466, 316]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the period length of the sequence of Fibonacci numbers taken modulo n, also known as the Pisano period. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [35, 50, 112, 52, 22, 40, 88, 132, 112, 128]
B. [43, 59, 121, 61, 31, 49, 97, 141, 121, 137]
C. [40, 56, 118, 58, 28, 46, 94, 138, 118, 134]
D. [36, 51, 113, 53, 23, 41, 89, 133, 113, 129]
E. [42, 58, 120, 60, 30, 48, 96, 140, 120, 136]
F. [44, 57, 119, 59, 29, 47, 95, 139, 119, 135]
G. [38, 53, 115, 55, 25, 43, 91, 135, 115, 131]
H. [37, 52, 114, 54, 24, 42, 90, 134, 114, 130]
I. [41, 55, 117, 57, 27, 45, 93, 137, 117, 133]
J. [39, 54, 116, 56, 26, 44, 92, 136, 116, 132]
Answer: E
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the (Mahler-Popken) complexity of n: the minimal number of 1's required to build the number n using only the operations of addition (+) and multiplication (*). Given the input x_list (a series of values): [70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [13, 14, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 13, 14]
B. [14, 14, 12, 14, 13, 14, 13, 15, 14, 15]
C. [14, 15, 12, 14, 13, 13, 13, 15, 14, 15]
D. [12, 13, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 12, 13]
E. [13, 14, 12, 13, 12, 12, 13, 14, 13, 15]
F. [13, 15, 13, 13, 14, 13, 14, 15, 14, 15]
G. [12, 14, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 12, 14]
H. [13, 14, 12, 13, 14, 12, 13, 14, 13, 14]
I. [14, 15, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 14, 15]
J. [12, 14, 12, 13, 12, 13, 12, 14, 13, 14]
Answer: A
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Consider all Pythagorean triples (X,X+1,Z) ordered by increasing Z; sequence gives the X+1 values for these triples. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [31609019401, 183658021640, 1077379110797, 6238626641680, 36361380740881, 211929657788304, 1235216565977041, 7199369738089940, 41961001862369897, 244566641436518640]
B. [31629019601, 183678021660, 1075379110997, 6238626641880, 36361380742881, 211929657790304, 1235216565979041, 7199369738109940, 41961001862349997, 244566641436718640]
C. [31639019701, 183688021670, 1074379111097, 6238626641980, 36361380743881, 211929657791304, 1235216565980041, 7199369738119940, 41961001862339997, 244566641436818640]
D. [31659019901, 183708021690, 1072379111297, 6238626642180, 36361380745881, 211929657793304, 1235216565982041, 7199369738139940, 41961001862319997, 244566641437018640]
E. [31509019101, 183648021600, 1070379110497, 6238626641380, 36361380737781, 211929657785304, 1235216565974041, 7199369738058940, 41961001862379597, 244566641436218640]
F. [31649019801, 183698021680, 1073379111197, 6238626642080, 36361380744881, 211929657792304, 1235216565981041, 7199369738129940, 41961001862329997, 244566641436918640]
G. [31619019501, 183668021650, 1076379110897, 6238626641780, 36361380741881, 211929657789304, 1235216565978041, 7199369738099940, 41961001862359997, 244566641436618640]
H. [31669020001, 183718021700, 1071379111397, 6238626642280, 36361380746881, 211929657794304, 1235216565983041, 7199369738149940, 41961001862309997, 244566641437118640]
I. [31589019211, 183618021620, 1079379110597, 6238626641480, 36361380738881, 211929657786304, 1235216565975041, 7199369738069940, 41961001862389697, 244566641436319640]
J. [31599019301, 183648021630, 1078379110697, 6238626641580, 36361380739881, 211929657787304, 1235216565976041, 7199369738079940, 41961001862379797, 244566641436418640]
Answer: E
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is numbers where iterated sum of digits of square settles down to a cyclic pattern of 13, 16, 13, 16, ... after sufficient iterations. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [122, 123, 125, 129, 131, 132, 134, 138, 140, 141]
B. [122, 123, 126, 127, 130, 132, 135, 137, 139, 141]
C. [122, 124, 126, 129, 130, 133, 135, 138, 139, 142]
D. [121, 122, 124, 128, 130, 131, 133, 137, 139, 140]
E. [121, 123, 125, 128, 129, 132, 134, 136, 138, 141]
F. [121, 122, 123, 127, 130, 131, 133, 135, 138, 142]
G. [120, 122, 125, 128, 129, 132, 134, 136, 139, 142]
H. [120, 122, 123, 127, 129, 131, 132, 136, 138, 139]
I. [121, 123, 125, 127, 130, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141]
J. [120, 121, 124, 127, 129, 131, 134, 136, 138, 140]
Answer: D
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of positive integers m for which the harmonic mean of m and n is a positive integer. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [12, 3, 0, 33, 12, 3, 12, 16, 0, 36]
B. [7, 8, 5, 28, 7, 8, 7, 11, 5, 31]
C. [9, 6, 3, 30, 9, 6, 9, 13, 3, 33]
D. [6, 9, 6, 27, 6, 9, 6, 10, 6, 30]
E. [11, 4, 1, 32, 11, 4, 11, 15, 1, 35]
F. [13, 2, -1, 34, 13, 2, 13, 17, -1, 37]
G. [8, 7, 4, 29, 8, 7, 8, 12, 4, 32]
H. [4, 11, 8, 25, 4, 11, 4, 8, 8, 28]
I. [5, 10, 7, 26, 5, 10, 5, 9, 7, 29]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is numbers whose digits contain no loops or closed curves (as appearing in the standard digital representation of digits). Given the input x_list (a series of values): [50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [157, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 211, 212]
B. [157, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 211, 212, 213, 214]
C. [157, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 211, 212, 215, 219]
D. [157, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 211, 212, 213, 215]
E. [157, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 211, 220, 230, 240]
F. [151, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 211, 212, 213, 215]
G. [150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159]
H. [157, 172, 173, 175, 177, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219]
I. [150, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 211, 212, 213, 216]
J. [157, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 210, 212, 213, 215]
Answer: D
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of ordered pairs (g, h) in the general linear group GL(2, Z_n) such that gh = hg, where GL(2, Z_n) denotes the group of 2x2 invertible matrices with entries from the ring of integers modulo n, and gh represents the matrix product of g and h. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [27158912, 28512002, 141064706, 35389442, 186000003, 79252989, 226748163, 130056195, 572947203, 79626243]
B. [37158914, 28512004, 141064708, 35389444, 186000005, 79252987, 226748165, 130056197, 572947205, 79626245]
C. [37158916, 28512006, 141064710, 35389446, 186000007, 79252985, 226748167, 130056199, 572947207, 79626247]
D. [37158913, 28511999, 141064705, 35389439, 186000002, 79252990, 226748162, 130056194, 572947202, 79626242]
E. [37158911, 28512001, 141064703, 35389441, 186000001, 79252991, 226748161, 130056193, 572947201, 79626241]
F. [47158912, 28512003, 141064707, 35389443, 186000004, 79252988, 226748164, 130056196, 572947204, 79626244]
G. [37158918, 28512008, 141064712, 35389448, 186000009, 79252983, 226748169, 130056201, 572947209, 79626249]
H. [37158912, 28512000, 141064704, 35389440, 186000000, 79252992, 226748160, 130056192, 572947200, 79626240]
I. [37158917, 28512007, 141064711, 35389447, 186000008, 79252984, 226748168, 130056200, 572947208, 79626248]
J. [37158915, 28512005, 141064709, 35389445, 186000006, 79252986, 226748166, 130056198, 572947206, 79626246]
Answer: H
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Follow n+1 by n. Also, this sequence is (essentially) the Molien series of the 2-dimensional quaternion group Q_8. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [26, 28, 27, 29, 28, 30, 29, 31, 30, 32]
B. [31, 33, 32, 34, 33, 35, 34, 36, 35, 37]
C. [32, 34, 33, 35, 34, 36, 35, 37, 36, 38]
D. [29, 31, 30, 32, 31, 33, 32, 34, 33, 35]
E. [34, 36, 35, 37, 36, 38, 37, 39, 38, 40]
F. [33, 35, 34, 36, 35, 37, 36, 38, 37, 39]
G. [35, 37, 36, 38, 37, 39, 38, 40, 39, 41]
H. [27, 29, 28, 30, 29, 31, 30, 32, 31, 33]
I. [28, 30, 29, 31, 30, 32, 31, 33, 32, 34]
J. [30, 32, 31, 33, 32, 34, 33, 35, 34, 36]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the chromatic number (or Heawood number) Chi(n) of a surface of genus n, which represents the minimum number of colors required to color a map on that surface so that no two adjacent regions share the same color. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 33]
B. [30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32]
C. [30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31]
D. [31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32]
E. [30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32]
F. [31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 33]
G. [29, 29, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32]
H. [30, 30, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 33, 33]
I. [30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32]
J. [30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 33]
Answer: B
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of Hamiltonian paths in a 4 X (2n+1) grid starting at the lower left corner and finishing in the upper right corner. A Hamiltonian path is a path in an undirected or directed graph that visits each vertex exactly once. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [3544402959, 1939027600, 108838828241, 610926995724, 349215026140, 1924864435151, 108045252424, 60647254675265, 340421075234756, 1910829205806324]
B. [3544402959, 1939027600, 108838828241, 610926955724, 342921526140, 1924864351551, 108045252424, 606472354675265, 34042175237456, 1910829205806324]
C. [3454402959, 19390027600, 108838828241, 610926955724, 3429215026140, 19248644351551, 108045225087424, 606472354675265, 3404210752374756, 19108292005806324]
D. [3454402959, 1939027600, 10883828241, 610926955724, 3429215026140, 1924864435151, 10804525287424, 60647354675265, 344021075234756, 1910892005806324]
E. [3544402959, 1939027600, 10883828241, 61926955724, 349215026140, 192484351551, 108045252424, 60647354675265, 344021075234756, 1910892005806324]
F. [3454402959, 19390276000, 10883882824, 61092695724, 342921526140, 1924864351551, 10804525287424, 60647254675265, 340421075234756, 1910829205806324]
G. [345442959, 1939027600, 108838828241, 610926955724, 342921502640, 1924864435151, 10804525287424, 60647254675265, 3404210752374756, 1910829205806324]
H. [3454402959, 1939027600, 108838828241, 610926995724, 3429215026140, 1924864435151, 108045252424, 60647254675265, 340421752374756, 1910892005806324]
I. [3454402959, 1939027600, 108838828241, 61926955724, 3429215026140, 1924864351551, 108045252424, 60647254675265, 34042175234756, 1910829205806324]
J. [3454402959, 1939027600, 108838828241, 61092955724, 3429215026140, 192484351551, 108045225087424, 606472354675265, 34042175234756, 19108292005806324]
Answer: C
Which of the following is the sterilization principle of the high-pressure steam autoclave?

Options:
A. High Voltage
B. High pressure with high humidity
C. High humidity
D. High Concentration
E. High Current
F. High Frequency
G. High Intensity
H. High Pressure with Low Humidity
I. High Temperature
Answer: I
In the life cycle of angiosperms, which is the first cell in the gametophyte stage?

Options:
A. Prothallial cell
B. Ovule cell
C. Zygote
D. Tapetum layer
E. Gamete
F. Endosperm cell
G. Embryo sac
H. Spores
I. Seed
J. Pollen grain
Answer: H
When observing the cross-section of the primary structure of a dicotyledon stem, which phenomenon can be observed if iodine solution is used for staining?

Options:
A. Alongside the vascular bundles, an arc of cells stained dark blue denotes the protective hypodermis.
B. Beneath the epidermis, there is a layer of cells dyed deep blue, equivalent to thick dermal tissue cells.
C. There is a ring of cells stained dark blue outside the vascular bundle, which corresponds to the endodermis.
D. Adjacent to the vascular bundles, a stripe of cells dyed dark blue demarcates the supportive parenchyma.
E. Beneath the epidermis, there is a ring of cells stained deep blue, which essentially serves as the outer skin layer.
F. Surrounding the vascular bundles is a layer of cells stained deep blue, which serves as the endodermis.
G. Inside the vascular ring, a string of cells stained dark blue manifests as the internal collenchyma.
H. Beyond the vascular region, a band of cells stained dark blue represents the boundary sclerenchyma.
I. Encircling the vascular tissue, a broad layer of cells stained dark blue defines the protective cortex.
J. Surrounding the vascular bundle, the cells stained dark blue signify the outermost periderm.
Answer: C
The survival curve graph uses relative age as the horizontal axis and the corresponding number of survivors as the vertical axis. Which of the following statements about the survival curve is the only correct one?

Options:
A. The survival curves of animal populations in nature are one of the three types mentioned above.
B. A convex survival curve indicates that the mortality rate is consistent across all age groups.
C. A convex survival curve represents a high mortality rate throughout all life stages.
D. A convex survival curve indicates a high mortality rate among juveniles.
E. A concave survival curve suggests mortality rates are equal in all age groups.
F. A linear survival curve indicates that the mortality rate increases with age.
G. A convex survival curve means mortality rate decreases steadily with age.
H. A concave survival curve indicates a high mortality rate among juveniles.
I. A concave survival curve indicates a constant mortality rate among all ages.
J. A linear survival curve shows no variation in mortality rates across different life stages.
Answer: H
The key characteristic of the yew tree, the source plant for extracting the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel, is the presence of a funnel-shaped, brightly colored fleshy structure surrounding its seeds. What is this structure?

Options:
A. The seed coating from the ovular stalk.
B. The brightly colored cone from the ovule.
C. The fleshy cone formed by the ovule.
D. The aril derived from the seed coat.
E. The protective layer formed by the testa.
F. The outer integument developed from the megasporophyll.
G. The aril developed from the funiculus.
H. The fleshy cone derived from the megasporophyll.
I. The outer envelope formed by the ovary.
J. The outer integument developed from the chalaza.
Answer: G
Which of the following primary characteristics of vertebrates' development is one of the fundamental conditions for animals evolving from aquatic to terrestrial life?

Options:
A. Lateral Line Sensory System
B. Symmetrical on both sides
C. Reproductive System Development
D. Single-loop Circulatory System
E. Renal tubule
F. Notochord Support Structure
G. Acoelomate
H. Gills for Oxygen Extraction
I. Cartilaginous Skeleton Form
J. Tetrapod Limb Formation
Answer: B
What distinguishes tapeworms from flukes?

Options:
A. They produce only one type of specialized larval stage.
B. All species are free-living in aquatic environments.
C. The adults reproduce exclusively through external fertilization.
D. Degeneration of the Nervous System
E. The reproductive system is highly developed.
F. The larvae all live parasitically.
G. Adult insects are all parasitic in their lifestyle.
H. They have segmented bodies but no external skeleton.
I. They possess a completely absent digestive system.
J. Each individual is capable of asexual reproduction.
Answer: F
What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

Options:
A. Axial muscles
B. Visceral muscle
C. Subaxial muscle
D. Submental muscle
E. Skeletal muscle
F. Appendicular muscle
G. Respiratory muscle
H. Cardiac muscle
I. Smooth muscle
J. Involuntary muscle
Answer: C
In agricultural production practices, which should be chosen to break seed dormancy, promote sex differentiation, and encourage bolting and flowering in plants?

Options:
A. Ethylene
B. NAA
C. ABA
D. KT
E. IBA
F. Kinetin
G. Cytokinin
H. GA3
I. 2,4-D
J. Auxin
Answer: H
What is the relationship between water absorption and the uptake of mineral elements in plants?

Options:
A. Lower absorption of mineral elements results in higher water uptake.
B. Relevant, but not entirely dependent
C. Irrelevant and completely independent processes
D. Increased mineral elements decrease water uptake greatly
E. Completely independent of one another
F. The more mineral elements are absorbed, the more water is taken up.
G. Mineral uptake eliminates water absorption needs
H. The two are unrelated.
I. Water absorption significantly hinders mineral uptake
J. Uptake of minerals is entirely reliant on water absorption
Answer: B
Through what channels do $\mathrm{O_2}$ and $\mathrm{CO_2}$ enter the cell membrane in the human body?

Options:
A. Osmotic Pressure
B. Cellular Beverage
C. Endocytosis Mechanism
D. Ion Exchange Channel
E. Lipid Transporter
F. Facilitated Diffusion
G. Intracellular Reflux
H. Active Transport
I. Simple diffusion
J. Phagocytosis Process
Answer: H
How many molecules of ATP can be produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

Options:
A. 31
B. 24
C. 35
D. 32
E. 30
F. 38
G. 36
H. 29
I. 37
J. 28
Answer: D
The vascular bundles of the corn stalk are scattered within the ground tissue, but the order of arrangement of the vascular system within the vascular bundle sheath is fixed. Please see which of the following groups is correctly arranged from the center outward.

Options:
A. Primary xylem → Secondary xylem → Secondary phloem → Primary phloem
B. Secondary xylem → Primary phloem → Secondary phloem → Primary xylem
C. Secondary phloem → Primary phloem → Secondary xylem → Primary xylem
D. Primary phloem → Secondary phloem → Primary xylem → Secondary xylem
E. Protoxylem → Metaxylem → Metaphloem → Protophloem
F. Protophloem → Metaphloem → Protoxylem → Metaxylem
G. Metaphloem → Protophloem → Metaxylem → Protoxylem
H. Primary xylem → Secondary xylem → Primary phloem → Secondary phloem
I. Secondary xylem → Primary xylem → Secondary phloem → Primary phloem
J. Metaxylem → Protoxylem → Protophloem → Metaphloem
Answer: A
What kind of polymerase is reverse transcriptase?

Options:
A. Carbohydrates Using DNA as a Template
B. DNA templated by protein
C. RNA based on protein as a template
D. DNA-templated DNA
E. Protein templated by RNA
F. RNA-templated RNA
G. RNA templated on DNA
H. Carbohydrates templated by RNA
I. Protein Based on DNA Template
J. DNA templated on RNA
Answer: J
In rice, A is completely dominant over a, and B is completely dominant over b. When Ab/aB genotype plants are self-pollinated, the type with the lowest number of individuals among their offspring accounts for 0.16% of the total progeny. What is the genetic distance (in map units) between the A-a and B-b loci?

Options:
A. 0,32
B. 8
C. 0.64
D. 4
E. 10
F. 6
G. 12
H. 2
I. 0.48
J. 0,16
Answer: B
A functional protein localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) needs to be processed in the Golgi apparatus. Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of this protein from translation and synthesis to localization?

Options:
A. Attached ribosomes - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus
B. Attached ribosomes - rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Free ribosome - rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Ribosome-attached Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - rough endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes
E. Free ribosomes - rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F. Attached ribosomes - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - rough endoplasmic reticulum
G. Free ribosomes - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - rough endoplasmic reticulum
H. Free ribosome - Golgi apparatus - rough endoplasmic reticulum - smooth endoplasmic reticulum
I. Ribosome-attached Golgi apparatus-rough endoplasmic reticulum-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
J. Free ribosomes - Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Which of the following methods is used to separate and purify proteins based on differences in their relative molecular mass?

Options:
A. Differential Centrifugation
B. Dialysis Filtration Process
C. Isoelectric Focusing Electrophoresis
D. Gas-Liquid Chromatography
E. Affinity Chromatography
F. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis
G. Ion Exchange Chromatography
H. Ultrafiltration
I. Size Exclusion Chromatography
J. Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Answer: H
The basic characteristic of neurons is excitability, which is the ability of neurons to generate action potentials when subjected to suprathreshold stimuli. Where is the site of action potential generation in neurons?

Options:
A. Axon
B. Thalamus
C. Cell body
D. Oligodendrocyte
E. Axoplasm
F. Synaptic cleft
G. Schwann cell
H. Dendrites
I. Nissl body
J. Myelin sheath
Answer: B
Plants living in damp environments usually lack which of the following morphological structural features?

Options:
A. Epidermis contains abundant stomata.
B. Fence structures are underdeveloped.
C. Epidermal cells contain chloroplasts
D. The air chambers and aerenchyma are well-developed.
E. Roots have stomata for gas exchange.
F. Guard cells lack proper chloroplasts.
G. The leaves are large and thin.
H. Stomata are distributed on the lower surface.
I. Epidermal cells have no chloroplasts.
J. Leaf surface forms dense cuticle layers.
Answer: C
Species formation can be categorized into four models based on geographical conditions. Which of the following models assumes that there is no gene flow at all between two diverging populations?

Options:
A. Asynchronous Speciation
B. Globalization of Domains
C. Frontier Cultivation
D. Boundary State Localization
E. Temperature domain transformation
F. Domain transformation and diversification
G. Sympatric Speciation
H. Transmigration and Species Diversification
I. Cell domain differentiation
J. Exotic Transformation
Answer: J
During which stage do homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over?

Options:
A. Prophase of Meiosis
B. Telophase of Meiosis
C. Meiosis I
D. Metaphase of Meiosis
E. Anaphase of mitosis
F. Metaphase of mitosis
G. Late stage of mitosis
H. Prophase of Mitosis
I. Mitotic Phase II
J. Meiosis II Phase
Answer: C
The absorption of glucose by the human small intestine occurs against the concentration gradient, and its energy source is?

Options:
A. Calcium Pump
B. Proton pump
C. Active Proton Gradient
D. Osmotic Pump
E. Glucose Diffusion Process
F. Passive Transport Mechanism
G. Potassium-Glucose Transporter
H. Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger
I. Sodium-Glucose Channel
J. Sodium-Potassium Pump
Answer: J
The larval stage differs little from the adult stage in terms of morphology, except that the wings have not emerged and the reproductive organs are underdeveloped. Larvae at this stage are also called nymphs and, after several molts, gradually grow into adults. What type of metamorphosis does this belong to?

Options:
A. Metamorphosis original
B. Transitional Metamorphosis
C. Complete metamorphosis
D. Metamorphosis natural
E. Continuous Metamorphosis
F. Incomplete Metamorphosis
G. Gradual Metamorphosis
H. Hemimetabolous metamorphosis
I. Metamorphosis Table
J. Direct Metamorphosis
Answer: G
Where does the conversion of proinsulin into insulin take place?

Options:
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Plasma membrane
E. Endoplasmic reticulum
F. Cytoplasm
G. Peroxisome
H. Secretory vesicle
I. Ribosome
J. Lysosome
Answer: B
A piece of dry lichen growing on a rock and a withered flower growing in the soil-after a sudden rain, what are their respective methods of absorbing water?

Options:
A. The two are swelling effect and osmosis effect.
B. It is all imbibition and diffusion.
C. It is all due to the swelling effect.
D. They are imbibition and swelling effect.
E. It's all osmosis.
F. It's all diffusion and capillarity.
G. It occurs purely by diffusion.
H. The two are capillarity and osmosis effect.
I. They are osmosis and imbibition.
J. The two are osmosis effect and capillarity.
Answer: A
Tapeworms can cause malnutrition, mechanical damage, and chemical harm to their hosts. Which tapeworm poses the greatest threat to humans?

Options:
A. Cattle Tapeworm
B. Bird Tapeworm
C. Feline Tapeworm
D. Poultry Tapeworm
E. Sheep Tapeworm
F. Fish Tapeworm
G. Canine Tapeworm
H. Pork Tapeworm
I. Tapeworm
J. Echinococcus granulosus
Answer: J
What are the common changes in blood pressure when elderly individuals experience reduced aortic elasticity accompanied by arteriosclerosis of small arteries?

Options:
A. Systolic pressure remains stable, but diastolic pressure moderately drops.
B. Arterial pressure significantly lowers in both systolic and diastolic phases.
C. Blood pressure fluctuations are minimal in systolic and diastolic phases.
D. Systolic pressure remains relatively stable, while diastolic pressure increases.
E. Systolic pressure shows little variation, while diastolic pressure decreases.
F. Diastolic pressure increases, and systolic pressure significantly drops.
G. Systolic pressure decreases, diastolic pressure increases
H. Diastolic pressure stays constant, while systolic shows a marked decline.
I. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are elevated.
J. Systolic pressure decreases, while diastolic pressure remains unchanged.
Answer: I
Where is Mendel's Second Law manifested?

Options:
A. During fertilization stage
B. Mitosis
C. In the zygote formation phase
D. In meiosis and mitosis
E. During DNA replication process
F. Throughout genetic recombination
G. During cytokinesis process
H. In the mitotic division cycle
I. During the first meiotic division
J. In the second meiotic division
Answer: I
The phenomenon of industrial melanism refers to the process during industrialization where the gray variants of moths (such as Biston betularia) are gradually replaced by black variants. What is the result of this process?

Options:
A. Stable Selection
B. Genetic Drift
C. Climate-Induced Variability
D. Differential Mutation
E. Genetic Frequency Shift
F. Targeted Selection
G. Schism Selection
H. Environment-Driven Morality
I. Competitive Exclusion
J. Adaptive Reciprocity
Answer: F
Paramecia, hydras, squids, and toads, when stimulated, can release certain substances from their bodies to attack or defend against enemies. In their bodies, what are the structures responsible for emitting these substances?

Options:
A. Adhesive cells, nematocytes, siphon cavity, sweat gland
B. Surface film vesicle, nematocyst, ink sac, salivary gland
C. Adhesive vesicles, cnidocytes, mucous sac, pineal gland
D. Peptide glands, nematocysts, oil sac, lacrimal gland
E. Surface film vesicles, nematocysts, mantle cavity, postauricular gland
F. Cnidocyst, cnidocyst sac, mantle cavity, salivary gland
G. Barb vesicles, cnidocysts, mantle chamber, sebaceous gland
H. Toxin vesicles, cnidocytes, gill sac, parotid gland
I. Mucous cells, stinging capsules, cuticle sac, adrenal gland
J. Barb cells, nematocysts, ink sac, postauricular gland
Answer: J
Which group of elements participates in redox reactions within plants?

Options:
A. Calcium-Iron-Nickel Steel
B. Iron, Steel, Magnesium, and Molybdenum
C. Cobalt, selenium, calcium, nickel
D. Manganese, Nickel, Magnesium, Copper
E. Copper, calcium, magnesium, cobalt
F. Zinc, cobalt, magnesium, calcium
G. Aluminum, nickel, magnesium, molybdenum
H. Molybdenum, nickel, copper, iron
I. Manganese, zinc, selenium, iron
J. Chromium, magnesium, cobalt, iron
Answer: H
What are unlinked genes?

Options:
A. Parallel Strand
B. A and D
C. Free Strand
D. B and C
E. All Chain
F. Independent Strand
G. Disconnected Links
H. A and C
I. B and D
J. Non-overlapping Chain
Answer: E
A person who had their stomach surgically removed develops anemia in the afternoon; what could be the possible causes?

Options:
A. The patient has difficulty absorbing vitamin D.
B. The patient has a malabsorption of vitamin B12.
C. The patient has a deficiency in protein digestion.
D. The patient has a reduced ability to metabolize carbohydrates.
E. The patient has impaired magnesium absorption.
F. The patient has poor calcium absorption.
G. The patient has inadequate fat digestion.
H. The patient has impaired iron absorption.
I. The patient has malabsorption of vitamin B6.
J. The patient has a blockage in bile production.
Answer: B
When the pH value of a protein solution is equal to the isoelectric point of the protein, what happens to the protein?

Options:
A. Protein Denaturation
B. Total protein hydrolysis
C. Complete protein degradation
D. Maximum protein stability
E. Formation of protein aggregates
F. The lowest solubility
G. Zero net charge
H. Maximum solubility
I. Solubility is independent of the solution's pH.
J. Increasing ionic strength
Answer: F
What is the function of telomerase in chromosomes?

Options:
A. Preventing DNA degradation at telomeres
B. Protecting DNA strands from chemical alterations
C. Extending the ends of chromosomes with repetitive sequences
D. Repairing mutations in DNA to preserve genetic integrity
E. Binding to centromere regions for chromosome stability
F. Degradation of RNA primers remaining after DNA replication
G. Joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication
H. Unwinding DNA to facilitate replication fork movement
I. Synthetic RNA Primers
J. DNA becomes shorter due to the replication process.
Answer: J
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a self-pollinating plant, and flowers with color are dominant over white flowers. If a heterozygous colored-flower bean plant (Cc) grows on an island where no other bean plants exist, and the bean plant is an annual species, then what will be the ratio of colored-flower bean plants to white-flower bean plants on the island after three years?

Options:
A. 13:3
B. 1:1
C. 6:4
D. 5:3
E. 3 :1
F. 11:8
G. 9:7
H. 7:5
I. 15:9
J. 15:7
Answer: G
During which developmental stage does the notochord form?

Options:
A. Epiblast transition phase
B. Neuroectodermal stage
C. Embryonic disc stage
D. Gastrula Stage
E. Endodermal lining phase
F. Mesodermal folding stage
G. Blastocyst stage
H. Primitive streak formation
I. Neural plate initiation stage
J. The Subsequent Organogenesis Stage
Answer: B
Which class among the following arthropods contains both two sets of respiratory organs and excretory organs?

Options:
A. Arachnida
B. Insecta
C. Hexapoda
D. Tenebrionidae
E. Chilopoda
F. Myriapoda
G. Scorpiones
H. Crustacea
I. Diplopoda
J. Trilobita
Answer: A
The $\mathrm{T_M}$ value of DNA is relatively high. Which of the following groups of nucleotides is the cause of this?

Options:
A. A+G
B. A+C
C. T+G
D. C+G
E. T+C
F. C+T
G. G+C
H. G+A
I. A+T
Answer: G
Arthropods exhibit a wide variety of species and diverse forms, with many types of excretory organs. Which of the following excretory organs belong to arthropods?

Options:
A. Wu's gland, Ma's gland, salt gland, coxal gland
B. Anther gland, mouth gland, Malpighian cell, lacrimal ducts
C. Malpighian tubules, ampullae, salt glands, lacrimal glands
D. Antenna gland, mandibular gland, tubule, coxal gland
E. Antennular gland, salivary gland, terminal sac, ampullae glands
F. Anterior gland, mandibular gland, nitrogen tubule, lacrimal gland
G. Anal gland, maxillary glands, urine tubule, coxal glands
H. Acinar gland, mandibular ducts, Malpighian loop, salt gland
I. Antennal gland, mandibular gland, terminal sac, lacrimal gland
J. Antler gland, mandibular tubule, Malpighian tube, cox gland
Answer: D
Which cells can secrete hydrogen ions?

Options:
A. Cardiac myocyte cells
B. Salivary gland cells
C. Pancreatic cells
D. Gastric parietal cells
E. Hepatic bile duct cells
F. Intestinal absorptive cells
G. Adrenal medullary cells
H. Alveolar epithelial cells
I. Renal tubular epithelial cells
J. Gastric Chief Cell
Answer: I
Which of the following descriptions about genetic issues in seed plants is correct?

Options:
A. The seed coat or fruit pericarp tissue demonstrates paternal genetic dominance in its developmental stages.
B. The seed coat or fruit pericarp tissue is entirely formed based on paternal genetic traits during development.
C. The seed coat or fruit pericarp tissue primarily reflects mitochondrial mutations inherited from the paternal side.
D. In recent years, it has been confirmed that mutations in mitochondrial DNA inherited from the maternal body are one of the main causes of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy.
E. Foreign genes present in transgenic plants will not be expressed if they are lost or damaged.
F. Foreign genes present in transgenic plants will be expressed as long as they are not lost or damaged.
G. The seed coat or fruit pericarp tissue exhibits both maternal and paternal traits during the development process.
H. The seed coat or fruit pericarp tissue does not exhibit paternal traits during the development process.
I. Certain traits of the paternal parent can be directly expressed in the characteristics of the endosperm.
J. The seed coat or fruit pericarp tissue shows direct expression of paternal nuclear DNA traits during development.
Answer: I