MikaStars39/nano-eval huggingface dataset:
A type of punishment that deprives criminals of their personal freedom for a short period of time and monitors them nearby is called ( ).

Options:
A. Short-term confinement
B. Temporary incarceration
C. Detention
D. Criminal prohibition
E. Brief custody
F. Limited-minute captivity
G. Fixed-term imprisonment
H. Control
I. Prolonged restraint
J. Short-term expulsion
Answer: C
What is the statute of limitations for a crime with a legally prescribed maximum sentence of more than five years but less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment?

Options:
A. Twenty-five years
B. Twelve years
C. Eight years
D. Seven years
E. Fourteen years
F. Fifteen years
G. Ten years
H. Sixteen years
I. Twenty
J. Five years
Answer: G
Under the principle of legality in criminal law, the basic legal characteristic of a crime is ().

Options:
A. Non-compliance with civil law
B. Severe social harm
C. Infringement of personal rights
D. Violation of ethical standards
E. Criminal illegality
F. Disruption of public order
G. A certain degree of social harm
H. Breach of legal ethics
I. Defiance of regulatory standards
J. Punishability under criminal law
Answer: E
Although a certain criminal case did not occur within China's territory, and neither the perpetrator nor the victim is a Chinese citizen or related to the Chinese state, China can still exercise criminal jurisdiction over the case based on ().

Options:
A. Cultural jurisdiction principle
B. Economic jurisdiction principle
C. State immunity jurisdiction principle
D. Universal jurisdiction principle
E. Personal jurisdiction principle
F. Protective jurisdiction principle
G. Technological jurisdiction principle
H. Maritime jurisdiction principle
I. Extraterritorial jurisdiction principle
J. Territorial jurisdiction principle
Answer: D
The direct object of a crime refers to ().

Options:
A. A specific part of the social relationship directly infringed upon by a specific type of crime.
B. The direct action which precisely infringes on a specific
C. The specific act committed which directly infringes upon a specific type of crime.
D. A specific type of social relationship directly infringed upon by a specific type of crime
E. A generic type of personal connection indirectly infringed upon by a specific type of crime.
F. A particular behavior directly causing infringement by a certain type of crime.
G. A specialized form of personal interaction immediately infringed upon by a specific type of crime.
H. The specific person or object directly infringed upon by a specific type of crime.
I. The object directly infringed upon by a specific type of crime.
J. A potential piece of evidence directly related to a particular
Answer: D
If a foreigner commits a crime against the state or citizens of China outside Chinese territory, China has the conditional legal right to exercise jurisdiction over the foreigner according to law. The principle this is based on is ().

Options:
A. Active personal jurisdiction principle
B. Quasi-territorial jurisdiction principle
C. Universal jurisdiction principle
D. Protective jurisdiction principle
E. Passive personal jurisdiction principle
F. Territorial jurisdiction principle
G. Extraterritorial jurisdiction principle
H. Admiralty jurisdiction principle
I. Nationality jurisdiction principle
J. International jurisdiction principle
Answer: D
Among the following theft actions, the one that may be punishable by the death penalty is ().

Options:
A. Theft of a significantly large sum from a jewelry store
B. Theft of a particularly large amount from a shopping mall
C. Theft of a notably high quantity from a government building
D. Theft of a particularly large amount from a warehouse
E. Theft of a significantly large amount from an art gallery
F. Theft of an extraordinarily large amount from a government office
G. Theft of cultural relics of a particularly large amount
H. Theft of an exceptionally large amount from a financial institution
I. Theft of a notably large amount from a jewelry store
J. Theft of a particularly large amount from a tech company
Answer: H
Under Chinese law,A and B conspired to commit fraud. Later, B realized that the victim was pitiable and withdrew under the pretense of an excuse, but A went ahead with the original plan and successfully obtained the money. B is considered to have committed ().

Options:
A. Theoretical crime
B. Passive crime
C. Criminal preparation
D. Facilitated crime
E. Completed crime
F. Accessory to crime
G. Attempted crime
H. Conspiracy to theft
I. Constructive crime
J. Discontinued crime
Answer: E
The correct statement regarding the crime of bribery is ().

Options:
A. Providing state employees with money or property to secure legitimate benefits constitutes the crime of bribery.
B. Offering arbitrary financial rewards to state workers for legitimately acquired public service merits constitutes bribery.
C. If the briber voluntarily confesses to the bribery before being prosecuted, the punishment should be mitigated or reduced.
D. When a person gives financial donations to government officials for personal gains, it is not deemed bribery.
E. When a person voluntarily contributes funds to public workers without coercion, it's considered bribery.
F. If someone is coerced into giving money or property to state employees and does not gain any undue benefits, it is not considered bribery.
G. In economic transactions, giving kickbacks to state employees is not considered bribery.
H. Allowing a financial incentive to government officials to speed up processes is deemed acceptable.
I. If a citizen freely provides goods to state employees for nominal benefits, it is considered bribery.
J. If a citizen is forced to provide financial benefits to fiscal workers without accruing extra advantages, it is deemed bribery.
Answer: F
Under Chinese law,Li had a grudge against Zhao and intended to kill Zhao when the opportunity arose. One day, while driving a truck, Li saw a pedestrian who looked very much like Zhao and ran them over, killing them. Later, Li discovered that the person was not Zhao and fled the scene. Li's actions constitute ().

Options:
A. Vehicular manslaughter crime
B. Intentional homicide
C. Unpremeditated killing
D. Indirect intentional homicide
E. Careless driving offense
F. Negligent homicide
G. Accidental manslaughter
H. Traffic accident crime
I. Premeditated vehicular manslaughter
J. Intentional injury (resulting in death)
Answer: B
Under Chinese law,To fraudulently obtain insurance money, A first took out a personal accident insurance policy for his mother, then later killed her and staged an accidental injury scene to claim a large sum of insurance money. A's actions should be ().

Options:
A. Punished more severely as insurance fraud
B. Punished more severely as a premeditated murder
C. Treated as a connected crime and punished under the more severe offense
D. Punished only for the accidental injury claim
E. Punished for both insurance fraud and intentional homicide
F. Treated as separate offenses and penalized accordingly
G. Punished more severely as intentional homicide
H. Treated only as a fraudulent insurance claim
I. Punished solely for the intentional homicide claim
J. Considered for punishment under
Answer: E
Where did the story of Afanti come from?

Options:
A. Iran
B. India
C. Greece
D. Turkey
E. Morocco
F. China
G. Spain
H. Egypt
I. Iraq
J. Italy
Answer: D
At which meeting did the Communist Party of China propose the slogan of collecting folk songs and carry out related work during the struggle against Jinggang Mountain?

Options:
A. Lushan Conference
B. Xibaipo Conference
C. Zunyi Conference
D. Luding Bridge Meeting
E. Yan'an Forum
F. Long March Conference
G. Ruijin Conference
H. Gutian Conference
I. Autumn Harvest Uprising
J. Nanchang Uprising
Answer: H
In China, based on long-term practical experience, how many people are appropriate for a symposium?

Options:
A. 26~28
B. 1~2
C. 23~25
D. 20~22
E. 17~19
F. 11~13
G. 5~7
H. 8~10
I. 3~4
J. 14~16
Answer: G
What sampling method is generally used in opinion polls?

Options:
A. Stratified sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Multi-stage sampling
D. Self-selection sampling
E. Systematic sampling
F. Convenience sampling
G. Snowball sampling
H. Quota sampling
I. Cluster sampling
J. Random sampling
Answer: J
Anthony Giddens believes that the structure in the social system is created by what in people's minds, that is, the structural concept guiding people's practical actions?

Options:
A. Behavioral pattern
B. Cultural narrative
C. Personal experience
D. Social contract
E. Symbolic interaction
F. Historical context
G. Memory trace
H. Cognitive schema
I. Emotional response
J. Collective consciousness
Answer: G
Which sociological concept refers to the societal expectations and behaviors associated with one's position in a social hierarchy?

Options:
A. Social Class
B. Behavioral Norms
C. Group Dynamics
D. Positional Power
E. Cultural Norm
F. Social Division
G. Social Function
H. Social Status
I. Social Role
J. Hierarchical Ideals
Answer: I
Comparative education is a discipline that emphasizes both theory and ().

Options:
A. Examination
B. Analysis
C. Application
D. Exploration
E. Evaluation
F. Observation
G. Interpretation
H. Investigation
I. Reflection
J. Synthesis
Answer: C
France implements () in education, but the main power is concentrated in ().

Options:
A. collaborative coordination; provincial
B. systematic oversight; community
C. structured supervision; departmental
D. individual autonomy; national
E. egalitarian system; municipal
F. unified control; district
G. collective management; territorial
H. decentralized administration; local
I. autonomous governance; regional
J. hierarchical management; central
Answer: J
In Germany, the state allows churches to offer () in schools,although this is a formal course, it is not ().

Options:
A. church teachings; indispensable course
B. biblical lessons; necessary subject
C. moral sessions; fixed syllabus
D. religious training; essential curriculum
E. spiritual instruction; obligatory curriculum
F. religious course; compulsory course
G. faith-based teaching; mandatory subject
H. doctrine education; mandatory program
I. theology program; imposed course
J. ecclesiastical study; required class
Answer: F
The Russian education system is divided into () and ().

Options:
A. foundational classes; continuing education
B. technical training; postgraduate studies
C. basic education; tertiary learning
D. elementary studies; non-formal education
E. secondary school; specialized courses
F. primary education; higher education
G. early childhood; professional training
H. intermediate schooling; apprenticeship programs
I. preparatory school; adult education
J. general education; vocational education
Answer: J
In the history of Chinese education, the earliest era when primary education was stipulated as compulsory education was in ().

Options:
A. 1986
B. 1945
C. 1935
D. 1904
E. 1980
F. 1949
G. 1922
H. 1978
I. 1965
J. 1956
Answer: D
In the mid-to-late 19th century, full-time universities in the UK provided more opportunities for higher education to the lower and middle classes of society and women in the form of on-campus or off-campus lectures, which was known as ().

Options:
A. university promotion movement
B. public education establishment movement
C. college access campaign
D. communal education outreach program
E. higher education popularization movement
F. societal learning enhancement project
G. new university movement
H. educational development enterprise
I. academic advancement initiative
Answer: A
In 1770, () founded the world's first school for the deaf in Paris, France and established a sign language teaching system for deaf children.

Options:
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Jean Piaget
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Lepe
E. Alphonse Bertillon
F. Marcel Marceau
G. René Descartes
H. Gustave Eiffel
I. Louis Braille
J. Jacques Cousteau
Answer: D
People who compare education to "gardening", compare students to "flowers of the motherland", and call teachers "gardeners" tend to hold () on the issue of factors affecting people's physical and mental development.

Options:
A. systematic growth hypothesis
B. autonomous development model
C. behavioral adaptation theory
D. maturation theory
E. biological determinism
F. predefined genetic theory
G. environmental determinism
H. genetic determinism
I. theory of interaction between internal and external factors
J. absolute environmental theory
Answer: I
() plays a decisive role in the nature of education.

Options:
A. political and economic system
B. artistic and creative influences
C. religious and ethical beliefs
D. cultural and historical background
E. emotional and psychological conditions
F. geographical and demographic factors
G. social and community structures
H. psychological and cognitive theories
I. linguistic and communicative abilities
J. scientific and technological progress
Answer: A
The government should indirectly control the management and leadership of colleges and universities by means of legislation, allocation of funds, etc. What is its main purpose?

Options:
A. Promote research and development in specialized fields
B. Establish a new higher education investment system
C. Increase student enrollment in technical programs
D. Strengthen the autonomy of higher education in running schools
E. Form a new education and teaching system
F. Improve the benefits and work efficiency of colleges and universities
G. Standardize curriculum across all educational institutions
H. Enhance the global ranking of national universities
I. Foster community engagement and outreach initiatives
J. Facilitate partnerships with international institutions
Answer: D
When did the model of educational integration reach its climax?

Options:
A. In the mid-1980s
B. In the early 2000s
C. In the late 1960s and early 1970s
D. In the early 1990s
E. In the late 1950s to early 1960s
F. In the late 1980s
G. In the late 1940s
H. In the late 1960s to the early 1980s
I. In the late 1860s and early 1870s
J. In the mid-1970s
Answer: C
Promoting the development of students' ability is an extremely important task in teaching work. Self-learning ability and () development are two important aspects of students' ability.

Options:
A. Organizational ability
B. Scientific research ability
C. Leadership ability
D. Innovation ability
E. Memory ability
F. Teamwork ability
G. Discernment ability
H. Problem-solving ability
I. Analytical ability
J. Communication ability
Answer: B
What should the so-called timely review mean?

Options:
A. Review at the beginning of the next study session
B. Same-day review
C. Review after a week
D. Review every other day
E. Review after a year
F. Review right before an exam
G. Review once a month
H. Review every weekend
I. Review immediately after studying
J. Review before mass amnesia begins
Answer: I
What are the characteristics of mental skills?

Options:
A. Tangibility, visibility and brevity
B. Conceptual, visibility and expansibility
C. Abstractness, externality and contraction
D. Materiality, externality and contraction
E. Conceptual,insidibility and expansibility
F. Intangibility, internality and simplicity
G. Materiality, externality and expansibility
H. Conceptual, extrinsic and complexity
I. Concrete, externality and conciseness
J. Conceptual, intrinsic and concise
Answer: J
What is the second stage in the process of attitude and character formation?

Options:
A. Accept
B. Synthesis
C. Identity
D. Exploration
E. Reflection
F. Integration
G. Internalization
H. Acclimatization
I. Comply
J. Adaptation
Answer: C
What are the two organically linked processes in the investigative approach to educational science?

Options:
A. Interview and exploration
B. Observation and evaluation
C. Examination and assessment
D. Interview and research
E. Investigation and research
F. Analysis and exploration
G. Investigation and exploration
H. Survey and analysis
I. Evaluation and synthesis
J. Observation and exploration
Answer: E
The use of computers for teaching and training began in ()

Options:
A. early 1950s
B. late 1980s
C. early 1960s
D. mid 1940s
E. early 1970s
F. late 1950s
G. late 1930s
H. late 1960s
I. late 1940s
J. mid 1950s
Answer: F
Bloom's "knowing" in the field of cognitive learning refers to ()

Options:
A. grasping the meaning of knowledge materials
B. applying new knowledge
C. synthesizing various knowledge sources
D. evaluating factual information
E. breaking down complex knowledge
F. interpreting theoretical knowledge
G. constructing a knowledge framework
H. analyzing critical knowledge
I. comprehending detailed knowledge
J. recalling previous knowledge
Answer: J
Teaching design attaches great importance to the analysis of students, and attaches importance to stimulating, promoting, and assisting the occurrence and progress of students' internal learning process, so that () can happen to each student.

Options:
A. gradual knowledge recalling
B. mental development boosts
C. external educational aids
D. cognitive abilities growth
E. effective learning
F. academic success
G. learning skills
H. creativity enhancement
I. self-study ability
J. innovation consciousness
Answer: E
In static visual images, the () structure implies power and gives people a strong feeling.

Options:
A. dotted line
B. curve
C. square frame
D. diagonal line
E. oblique line
F. triangular shape
G. horizontal line
H. zigzag path
I. vertical line
J. circular pattern
Answer: I
The geographical coverage of the local area network in the computer network is ().

Options:
A. several thousand to millions of kilometers
B. hundreds to several thousand kilometers
C. hundreds to tens of millions of kilometers
D. several hundreds to thousands of kilometers
E. a few meters to a couple of kilometers
F. about a few kilometers
G. thousands to tens of thousands of kilometers
H. a few to a few hundred kilometers
I. tens to hundreds of kilometers
J. a couple to several million kilometers
Answer: F
Which evaluation model is currently used in the more popular teacher certification assessment?

Options:
A. general criterion assessment
B. regular review assessment
C. advanced benchmark assessment
D. initial proficiency test
E. standard reference assessment
F. pre-assessment
G. basic skills evaluation
H. post-assessment
I. primary standard evaluation
J. norm reference assessment
Answer: E
Among the factors that affect the physical and mental development of children, what factors play a leading role?

Options:
A. Family environment
B. Access to technology
C. Economic status
D. Social, human and geographical environment
E. Education
F. Peer influence
G. Media exposure
H. Nutrition
I. Cultural traditions
J. Genetic predisposition
Answer: E
What is it about international education, which has been formed and developed since the 1960s, that has become the dominant ideology in the formulation of education policies in developing countries and countries?

Options:
A. Education for all
B. Digital literacy
C. Multicultural education
D. Inclusive education
E. Democratizing education
F. Quality education
G. Global citizenship education
H. Lifelong education
I. Technical and vocational education
J. Environmental education
Answer: H
When is the sensitive period of children's visual development?

Options:
A. 6-7 years old
B. Age 2-4
C. Age 5-6
D. Before the age of 3
E. 4-5 years old
F. After the age of 12
G. 10-11 years old
H. During adolescence
I. Ages 8-9
J. Newborn to 1 year old
Answer: D
What determines the scale and speed of educational development?

Options:
A. Politics
B. Cultural values
C. Government policies
D. Social equity
E. Environment
F. Technological advancement
G. Population
H. Historical context
I. Economic development
J. Geographic location
Answer: I
What is the age at which children are gradually trained to manage a small world?

Options:
A. 5 years old
B. 8 years old
C. 4 years old
D. 1 year old
E. 10 years old
F. 9 years old
G. 7 years old
H. 3 years old
I. 2 years old
J. 6 years old
Answer: H
Who put forward the "whole teaching method ", which emphasis on the children should learn things together, complete and connected teach children systematically?

Options:
A. Bruner
B. Chen Heqin
C. Tao Xingzhi
D. Steiner
E. Piaget
F. Froebel
G. Skinner
H. Vygotsky
I. Dewey
J. Montessori
Answer: B
What is the relationship between nurseries, kindergartens and families according to modern education theory?

Options:
A. Cooperative relationship
B. Indifference
C. Competition
D. Mentorship
E. Supervision
F. Neglect
G. Friendship
H. Isolation
I. Antagonistic relationship
J. Partnership
Answer: J
Adults use the phrase 'If you don't listen anymore, the big bad wolf will come' to educate children. What kind of fear is this exploiting in children?

Options:
A. fear of the unknown
B. experience
C. forecast
D. social anxiety
E. fear of loss
F. imaginary threats
G. be shy with strangers
H. fear of darkness
I. abandonment
J. instinct
Answer: C
In order to establish a good interpersonal relationship with parents of students, the role that teachers should play is__.

Options:
A. Facilitator
B. Advisor
C. Observer
D. Authoritative figures
E. Complainant
F. Collaborator
G. Communicator
H. Mediator
I. Negotiator
J. Mentor
Answer: I
What does Ausubel call the motivation of students to work hard in order to gain the teacher's approval?

Options:
A. Affiliation drive
B. Accessory drive
C. Cognitive drive
D. Recognition drive
E. The drive for self-improvement
F. Conformity drive
G. Approval drive
H. Dominant drive
I. Compliance drive
J. Extrinsic drive
Answer: B
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the "good boy" orientation stage is characterized by ___.

Options:
A. Start thinking about what is the right behavior in terms of maintaining social order
B. Consider creating a socially agreeable image for yourself
C. To adopt a submissive attitude toward adults or rules to avoid punishment
D. Adopting a perspective that empathy is irrelevant to moral reasoning
E. Believing that rules are meant to be broken for self-expression
F. Think that everyone has their own intentions and needs
G. Judging actions based on how they will affect one's own reputation
H. Emphasizing the importance of strict adherence to tradition over social harmony
I. Focusing solely on personal gain rather than social standards
J. Prioritizing the needs of your family above all others
Answer: B
American cognitive psychologist Ausubel divides learning into ___.

Options:
A. Acceptance learning and rote learning
B. Implicit learning and explicit learning
C. Analytical learning and synthetic learning
D. Collaborative learning and competitive learning
E. Experiential learning and observational learning
F. Intuitive learning and reflective learning
G. Rote learning and meaning learning
H. Symbol learning, concept learning and proposition learning
I. Contextual learning and procedural learning
J. Acceptance learning and discovery learning
Answer: J
Mr. Wang arranged the teaching content as "biology - plants - trees - fruit trees - banana trees" for instruction. This reflects which teaching principle proposed by Ausubel?

Options:
A. From near to far
B. Gradual Differentiation
C. Step-by-Step Instruction
D. Sequential Order
E. Comprehensive Integration
F. Progressive Complexity
G. From Large to Small
H. Hierarchical Learning
I. General to Specific
J. Logical Sequencing
Answer: B
The objective reason for the formation of poor student character among the following is ___.

Options:
A. Lack of correct moral concepts and moral beliefs
B. Parental Indulgence and Coddling
C. Excessive focus on academic achievement
D. Insufficient emotional support from teachers
E. Weakness of moral will
F. Inconsistent disciplinary measures
G. Overexposure to digital media
H. Some needs have not been met.
I. Peer pressure and negative influences
J. Lack of extracurricular activities
Answer: B
The part of the cerebral cortex that matures earliest in infants is ___.

Options:
A. Insular Cortex
B. Hippocampus
C. Parietal Lobe
D. Medulla Oblongata
E. Temporal lobe
F. Brainstem
G. Frontal lobe
H. Amygdala
I. Corpus Callosum
J. Occipital Lobe
Answer: J
The sense of inferiority refers to a self-experience characterized by undervaluing oneself, lacking self-belief, and holding a negative attitude towards oneself. At which stage does it originate?

Options:
A. Adulthood
B. Junior high school
C. College
D. Preschool
E. Infancy
F. Early childhood
G. High school
H. Middle age
I. Primary school
J. Late childhood
Answer: B
Ausubel used assimilation theory to explain the process of meaningful learning. The core of assimilationism is ___.

Options:
A. Reliance on passive observation
B. Emphasis on rote memorization
C. Prioritization of instinctual behavior
D. Neglect of cognitive processes
E. Interaction view
F. Discover the concept of learning
G. Accept the view of learning
H. Importance of external rewards
I. Focus on behavioral responses
J. View of meaning learning
Answer: E
High school students "real me" and "ideal me" through the struggle is difficult to unify, this self-consciousness development belongs to ___.

Options:
A. Self-reflective type
B. Self-discovery type
C. Self-expanding type
D. Self-balancing type
E. Self-evolving type
F. Self-affirming type
G. Self-atrophic type
H. Self-consistent type
I. Self-integrating type
J. Self-contradictory type
Answer: J
According to Watson, newborn babies have three innate emotional responses: fear, anger, and ___.

Options:
A. Surprise
B. Joy
C. Evil
D. Trust
E. Envy
F. Happy
G. Guilt
H. Love
I. Disgust
J. Sadness
Answer: H
Among the teaching strategies to promote learning transfer, the principles for improving the presentation of teaching materials include ___.

Options:
A. Step by step and scientifically reasonable
B. Reasonable interpretation and simplicity for easy reading
C. Progressive Differentiation and Comprehensive Integration
D. Structured complexity and engaging examples
E. Conceptual overview and incremental steps
F. Detailed analysis and practical application
G. Interactive content and real-world case studies
H. Comprehensive and easy to understand.
I. Sequential clarity and visual aids
J. Logical coherence and contextual relevance
Answer: C
The primary purpose of implementing the teacher qualification system is ___.

Options:
A. to standardize the curriculum across different schools
B. to assess the ability and level of qualified teachers
C. to certify teachers for international teaching standards
D. Ensure the Professionalization of the Teaching Profession
E. to ensure teacher quality, meeting various teaching needs
F. to enhance the salaries of qualified educators significantly
G. to provide teachers with ongoing educational opportunities
H. to encourage lifelong learning among experienced educators
I. to restrict non-teacher education professionals from entering the teaching profession
J. to improve student outcomes by changing administrative policies
Answer: E
The hallmark of the emergence of institutionalized education is ______.

Options:
A. the realization of lifelong education
B. the onset of vocational training centers
C. the rise of localized community schools
D. the incorporation of digital classrooms
E. the inception of religious instruction systems
F. the founding of early childhood academies
G. the spread of private tuition initiatives
H. the initiation of public health programs
I. the establishment of expert mentorship
J. the advent of thematic learning approaches
Answer: A
How long should one wait to eat after finishing exercise?

Options:
A. During exercise session
B. Immediately after
C. One day later
D. The next morning
E. Right before
F. Two hours later
G. 30min later
H. 90min later
I. 45min later
J. 60min later
Answer: G
The duration of the morning exercise activities should be controlled within_____.

Options:
A. 25-35 minutes
B. 20-30 minutes
C. 5-10 minutes
D. 30-45 minutes
E. 50-60 minutes
F. 15-25 minutes
G. 40-50 minutes
H. 10-15 minutes
I. 35-40 minutes
J. 45-55 minutes
Answer: B
The spine is a very important joint for humans. Through the bending of the spine, humans can achieve flexible movement of the body. The factor which can determine the range of spinal motion is ________.

Options:
A. Spinous process alignment
B. Muscle development proportion
C. Joint fluid consistency
D. Vertebral column curvature
E. Bone density of vertebrae
F. Spinal connection ligaments
G. Intervertebral disc thickness
H. Nerve pathway arrangement
I. Body posture correction
J. Cartilage flexibility rate
Answer: G
Among the following options, which one correctly describes the "sports demand"?

Options:
A. People with a certain amount of leisure time are willing and able to purchase sports event tickets at various price levels within a certain period.
B. In a certain region, people are willing and able to purchase sports event tickets at a certain price level.
C. People who have a certain amount of leisure time are willing and able to purchase a certain quantity of sports products within a certain period of time, at a certain price level.
D. People who have some leisure time are willing and able to purchase sports event tickets at the lowest price level within a certain period of time.
E. People who have a certain amount of leisure time are willing and able to purchase sports event tickets at a certain price level within a specific period of time.
F. People with a certain amount of leisure time are willing and able to purchase a certain number of sports products at various price levels over a certain period of time.
G. People with a certain amount of leisure time are willing and able to purchase sports event tickets at the highest price level within a certain period of time.
H. The quantity of sports products that people within a certain area are willing and able to purchase at a certain price level.
I. People with a certain amount of leisure time are willing and able to purchase a quantity of sports products at the lowest price level within a specific period of time.
J. People with a certain amount of leisure time are willing and able to purchase a certain quantity of sports products at the highest price level within a certain period of time.
Answer: C
Among the following options, which description of the "sports advertising" is accurate?

Options:
A. Sports organizations and enterprises communicate bidirectionally with their target markets in various ways to boost the demand for sports products and stimulate the desire to purchase.
B. Sports events are officially broadcast live through the internet and television to expand the audience base globally.
C. Sporting events are publicized through newspapers and magazines to enhance the interest and participation of both domestic and international audiences.
D. Sports activities are promoted through television, radio, and social media to publicize events and encourage greater participation and viewership.
E. Sports activities are broadcasted through radio and the internet both domestically and internationally to increase the audience and market share.
F. Sports companies provide information to the public through advertising and market research to increase awareness and sales of sports brands.
G. Sports activities are promoted by the advertising team through online and offline channels to enhance consumer loyalty and market impact towards the brand.
H. Sports sponsors promote sports events through television and online media to increase product sales and brand exposure.
I. Sports institutions transmit game updates through broadcasting and the internet to enhance domestic viewers' engagement and interest.
J. Sports organizations disseminate information about sports events to the public through television broadcasts and the internet, thereby increasing the number of viewers and participation levels.
Answer: A
What is the true essence of "comparison"?

Options:
A. Transcending and breaking through established boundaries, comparative literature is essentially an interdisciplinary study that crosses borders (be it ethnic, national, or academic). Comparative literature emerged and evolved when people, already familiar with and aware of world literature and national literature, began
B. Elevating and departing from old borders, comparative literature is entirely a transnational examination that broadens horizons (like cultural, territorial, or academic). Comparative literature began and expanded as individuals, already informed about and receptive to world literature and national
C. Going beyond and piercing set borders, comparative literature fundamentally integrates disciplines (like racial, global, or scholarly). Comparative literature appeared and expanded as people, already knowledgeable about and discerning of planetary literature and local literature, initiated
D. Crossing and
E. Traversing and outgrowing fixed barriers, comparative literature is simply a multicultural pursuit that extends limits (whether racial, political, or scholarly). Comparative literature appeared and matured when learners, already accustomed to and perceptive of global literature and
F. Moving and breaching typical barriers, comparative literature is inherently a cross-disciplinary research that integrates various boundaries (be it linguistic, state, or educational). Comparative literature developed and flourished when scholars, already experienced with and informed of worldly literature and
G. Breaching and surpassing established limits, comparative literature is mainly a collaborative investigation that unifies areas (such as communal, national, or scholarly). Comparative literature initiated and thrived when citizens, already enlightened about and sensitive to universal literature and local
H. Exceeding and overcoming old borders, comparative literature is essentially a combined field that merges areas (whether economic, regional, or pedagogical). Comparative literature surfaced and developed when enthusiasts, already acquainted with and alert to universal literature and domestic literature
I. Surpassing and advancing beyond usual constraints, comparative literature is purely an analytic practice that intersects disciplines (like societal, continental, or intellectual). Comparative literature originated and progressed when groups, already versed in and cognizant of international literature and
J. Shifting and moving past traditional limits, comparative literature is purely a theoretical exploration that merges fields (whether cultural, geographic, or scholarly). Comparative literature came into being and developed as individuals, already knowledgeable about and understanding of global literature and regional literature
Answer: A
What does it mean to interpret cycles?

Options:
A. When interpreting a cycle, it is critical to grasp the particular significance of each segment in the series, which necessitates first understanding its backdrop, that is, the implication of the whole cycle. Yet, to appreciate the implication of the overall
B. In analyzing a cycle, one should examine the recurring themes present, which involves initially recognizing its phases, namely the progression of the entire sequence. To capture the essence of the full sequence, one needs
C. When perceiving a cycle, it is imperative to recognize the singular interpretation of each part in the loop, which calls for first realizing its basis, namely the meaning of the total cycle. However, to comprehend the meaning of the entire cycle,
D. In interpreting a cycle, it is fundamental to discern the individual importance of each component in the sequence, which involves initially understanding its foundation, that is, the significance of the whole sequence. However, to grasp the significance of the entire
I
E. In evaluating a cycle, it is crucial to acknowledge the unique sense of each portion in the chain, which demands first perceiving its context, that is, the implication of the whole cycle. Nevertheless, to understand the implication of the entire cycle
F. As you analyze cycles, it
G. When deciphering a circle, it is crucial to perceive the definitive interpretation of every term in the document, which involves first comprehending its setting, meaning the significance of the entire composition. Yet, to grasp the significance of the complete
F
H. In interpreting a work, it is essential to comprehend the particular connotation of each phrase in the script, which demands initially understanding its environment, thus the signification of the complete work. Nonetheless, to apprehend the signification of the entire
I. In interpreting a script, it is vital to recognize the distinct sense of each element within the passage, which mandates initially grasping its surroundings, that is, the definition of the full script. To comprehend the definition of the complete
J. When interpreting a work, it is necessary to understand the specific meaning of each word in the text, which requires first understanding its context, that is, the meaning of the whole piece. However, to grasp the meaning of the entire piece, one must
Answer: J
Definition of a sentence without a subject: ( )

Options:
A. These are constructs lacking a subject that can provide a relatively clear and complete meaning apart from context. For
B. These are statements deprived of a subject that can deliver a relatively explicit and complete meaning free from context. For example, "Leaves fall".
C. These consist of expressions void of a subject that might offer a fairly clear and entire meaning detached
D. These consist of sentences excluding a subject that might express a quite precise and full significance isolated
E. These are clauses without a subject that can communicate a relatively clear and complete meaning independent of context. For instance, "Wind blows".
F. These encapsulate sentences devoid of a subject which can express slightly clear and cumulative understanding not dependent on context. For instance, "Clouds drift."
G. These are statements lacking a subject that can provide a comparably clear and full understanding independent of context. For instance, "Snow falls."
H. These include phrases missing a subject that can impart a clearly understandable and complete sense without context. For
I. These are sentences which lack a subject that can convey a distinct and whole impression self-sufficiently from context. For instance, "Sun shines".
J. These are sentences without a subject that can express a relatively clear and complete meaning independent of context. For example, "It's raining" is a subjectless sentence.
Answer: J
What is Lacan's main theory?

Options:
A. Theory of the Ego, Poetic Structure
B. Principle of
C. Concept of the Unconscious, Lyrical Structure
D. Theory of the Unconscious, Poetic Structure
E. Theory of the Conscious, Dramatic Structure
F. Theory of the Identity, Poetic Structure
G. Concept of the Unconscious, Poetic Pattern
H. Theory of the Unconscious, Narrative Structure
I. Theory of the Subconscious, Poetic Structure
J. Philosophy of the Conscious, Poetic Structure
Answer: D
What is the Theory of the Unconscious and Poetic Structure?

Options:
A. Skinner's Operant Conditioning
B. Bandura's Social Learning Theory
C. Lacan's Main Theories
D. Freud's Psychoanalytic Framework
E. Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
F. Piaget's Cognitive Theory
G. Foucault's Discourse Analysis
H. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
I. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
J. Jung's Archetypal Analysis
Answer: C
Whose theory has been credited with new sensibility and the liberation of human aesthetics?

Options:
A. Adorno's Cultural Critique
B. Barthes's Mythological Framework
C. Derrida's Interpretive Structure
D. Adorno's Artistic Analysis
E. Foucault's Critical Theory
F. Foucault's Aesthetic Framework
G. Derrida's Deconstruction Model
H. Said's Orientalism Concept
I. Marcuse's Literary Theory
J. Kristeva's Semiotic Approach
Answer: I
In the later period of the Zhenguan poetry era, the poetic style represented by Shangguan Yi was called what?

Options:
A. Dynasty Rhyme
B. Tang Elegance
C. Yi Metrics
D. nternal server error
E. Celestial Poetics
F. Shangguan Style
G. Imperial Verse
H. Zhenguan Classicism
I. Ancient Tang Form
J. Palace Poetry
Answer: F
Which work marks the beginning of Zhou Shuren and Zhou Zuoren brothers' systematic and selective engagement in novel translation with a serious attitude while studying in Japan?

Options:
A. The Influence of Western Stories
B. The Craft of Translation
C. Introduction to Modern Novels
D. Collection of Foreign Novels
E. A Study of Fiction Trends
F. Modernist Voices in Literature
G. Essays on Novel Theory
H. Translation of Western Literature
I. Japanese Literary Classics
J. The Art of Novel Writing
Answer: D
During the Tang Dynasty, the types and styles of () were undergoing a transitional phase from the traditional practice of sitting on the floor, to sitting with feet hanging down.

Options:
A. Tables
B. Furniture
C. Armchairs
D. Chairs
E. Stools
F. Ottomans
G. Desks
H. Couches
I. Shelves
J. Benches
Answer: B
During the ______ period, China's arts and crafts have already entered the era of porcelain.

Options:
A. Qin Dynasty
B. Han Dynasty
C. Yuan Dynasty
D. Ming Dynasty
E. Sui Dynasty
F. Liao Dynasty
G. Six Dynasties
H. Tang Dynasty
I. Song Dynasty
J. Zhou Dynasty
Answer: G
The honeysuckle pattern is also called curling grass in ancient China. In which period was it a popular plant pattern?

Options:
A. Yuan and Ming Initial Era
B. Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties
C. Song and Yuan Transitional Era
D. Han and Pre-Qin Epochs
E. Tang and Song Early Periods
F. Han and Six Dynasties Period
G. Qing and Republic Phases
H. Tang and Early Ming Epochs
I. Liao and Jin Transitional
J. Zhou and Shang Ages
Answer: B
Shakespeare's four major comedies are ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Options:
A. "Twelfth Night," "The Tempest," "Much Ado About Nothing," "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
B. "A Midsummer Night's Dream," "The Tempest," "Much Ado About Nothing," "As You Like It"
C. "Twelfth Night," "The Merchant of Venice," "Much Ado About Nothing," "As You Like It"
D. "Twelfth Night," "The Merchant of Venice," "Much Ado About Nothing," "The Tempest"
E. "Twelfth Night," "The Tempest," "Much Ado About Nothing," "As You Like It"
F. "A Midsummer Night's Dream," "The Merchant of Venice," "Much Ado About Nothing," "As You Like It"
G. "Twelfth Night," "The Merchant of Venice," "The Tempest," "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
H. "Twelfth Night," "The Merchant of Venice," "Much Ado About Nothing," "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
I. "A Midsummer Night's Dream," "The Merchant of Venice," "The Tempest," "As You Like It"
J. "Twelfth Night," "The Merchant of Venice," "The Tempest," "As You Like It"
Answer: C
The essence of transportation design is __.

Options:
A. Design of cars, ships and airplanes
B. Design for speed, safety, freedom, comfort, wealth, and status
C. Design for speed, power, freedom, comfort, innovation, and status
D. Design for speed, safety, motion, comfort, wealth, and status
E. Design to meet people's "travel" needs in "clothing, food, housing, and transportation"
F. Development of electronic systems
G. Planning of urban spaces, public transport, and footpaths
H. Design for speed, safety, freedom, comfort, wealth, and movement
I. Design for efficiency, reliability, freedom, comfort, luxury, and status
J. Creation of structures, roads, bridges, and tunnels
Answer: B
What is the modern movement aimed at preserving natural resources and preventing industrial pollution from disrupting ecological balance?

Options:
A. Urban Development Revolution
B. Eco Production Movement
C. Natural Utilization Movement
D. Sustainability Design Revolution
E. Green Design Movement
F. Urban Conservation Strategy
G. Industrial Evolution Approach
H. Urban Revitalization Movement
I. Technological Reduction
J. Environmental Construction Initiative
Answer: E
The German Expressionist film that was popular from 1914 to 1913 was the first unique film genre in film history, ________ trend of thought.

Options:
A. Futurism
B. Film aesthetics
C. Naturalism
D. Symbolism
E. Minimalism
F. Classicism
G. Surrealism
H. Romanticism
I. Impressionism
J. Realism
Answer: B
In the late 1980s, a truly "female film" was produced - the film directed by Huang Shuqin ______.

Options:
A. "Threads of Fate"
B. "Ghost Love"
C. "Whispers in the Wind"
D. "Reflections of the Past"
E. "Voices of the Heart"
F. "Awakening of the Soul"
G. "Silent Echoes"
H. "Dreams of Innocence"
I. "Shadows of Tomorrow"
J. "Daughters of the Moon"
Answer: B
The earliest film school in the history of world cinema is ______.

Options:
A. Méliès Conservatory
B. Vitagraph Academy
C. Biograph School
D. Brighton School
E. Lumière Institute
F. Pathé School
G. Keystone Institute
H. Gaumont Institute
I. Sennett Conservatory
J. Edison Academy
Answer: D
What are the famous types of Chinese clay sculptures?

Options:
A. Clay Sculptures of Suzhou.
B. Clay Art of Beijing.
C. Clay Warriors of Luoyang.
D. Clay Statue Zhang of Tianjin and Magical Clay Sculpture in Huishan.
E. Clay Dragons of Chengdu.
F. Clay Figurines of Xi'an.
G. Terracotta Soldiers and Horses of Xi'an.
H. Clay Figures of Hangzhou.
I. Clay Horses of Xianyang.
J. Clay Sculptures of Dunhuang.
Answer: D
Among Rodin's students, the works of __________ are imbued with passion and strength. __________ excels in using the voluptuous female form as a medium to convey various artistic realms.

Options:
A. Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat.
B. Antoine Bourdelle, Aristide Maillol.
C. Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí.
D. Georges Braque, Fernand Léger.
E. Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas.
F. Marc Chagall, Maurice de Vlaminck.
G. Camille Claudel, Jean-Léon Gérôme.
H. Amedeo Modigliani, Joan Miró.
I. Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse.
J. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Édouard Manet.
Answer: B
Raphael's _____ is one of his most renowned works. Through its graceful and poetic visual language, it embodies the ideals of humanism. This masterpiece also signifies the ultimate triumph of humanist thought in Renaissance art.

Options:
A. School of Athens.
B. The Kiss of Judas.
C. The Arnolfini Portrait.
D. The Night Watch.
E. The Creation of Adam.
F. The Birth of Venus.
G. The Last Judgment.
H. Annunciation.
I. Sistine Madonna.
J. The Assumption of the Virgin.
Answer: I
Who proposed that "of all shapes, the most beautiful is the circle"?

Options:
A. Salvador Dalí.
B. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres.
C. Paul Cézanne.
D. Henri Matisse.
E. Leonardo da Vinci.
F. Euclid.
G. Michelangelo.
H. Pythagoras.
I. Archimedes.
J. Plato.
Answer: B
During the Mesolithic era, painting transitioned from caves to open-air rock surfaces. Rock art from this period is primarily found in Northern Europe and Spain, with the rock paintings in ______, Spain being particularly noteworthy.

Options:
A. Stonehenge.
B. Machu Picchu.
C. Chauvet.
D. Skara Brae.
E. Altamira.
F. Göbekli Tepe.
G. Kinkajou.
H. Lascaux.
I. Cappadocia.
J. Levant.
Answer: J
What unique personal style and expression are necessary for successful lyrical writing?

Options:
A. Expression of feelings and personalization.
B. Expression of thoughts.
C. Creation of lengthy and intricate narratives.
D. Focus on historical or cultural references.
E. Use of abstract themes and concepts.
F. Description of mundane activities.
G. Simplification of complex ideas.
H. Mastery of technical grammar rules.
I. Creativity and originality.
J. Strict adherence to rhyme schemes.
Answer: A
What factors does literature, as discourse, at least include?

Options:
A. Speaker, listener, text, communication, and context.
B. Setting, conflict, resolution, transition, and dialogue.
C. Intent, feedback, symbolism, imagery, and rhythm.
D. Formatting, editing, publishing, marketing, and distribution.
E. Genre, style, audience, vocabulary, and tone.
F. Dialogue, monologue, prose, verse, and metaphor.
G. Language, emotion, message, frequency, and subtext.
H. Theme, plot, setting, character development, and narrative.
I. Author, reader, medium, interpretation, and reception.
J. Context, perspective, structure, review, and analysis.
Answer: A
Based on the general research objectives of literary theory, its tasks are typically defined in five areas: the theory of literary activity, ______, theory of literary creation, the theory of literary composition, and the theory of literary reception.

Options:
A. Theory of the ethics of literary criticism.
B. Theory of the nature of literary activity.
C. Theory of the historical context of literature.
D. Theory of the influence of culture on literature.
E. Theory of the evolution of literary genres.
F. Theory of the relationship between literature and society.
G. Theory of the role of the author in literary works.
H. Theory of the psychological impact of literature.
I. Theory of literary interpretation and analysis.
J. Theory of narrative structure and form.
Answer: B