MikaStars39/nano-eval huggingface dataset:
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is primes whose binary representation encodes a polynomial that is reducible over the Galois Field GF(2). Given the input x_list (a series of values): [54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [443, 447, 465, 471, 483, 487, 499, 507, 523, 533]
B. [449, 457, 461, 467, 479, 491, 503, 509, 521, 523]
C. [445, 457, 463, 477, 479, 487, 497, 511, 521, 531]
D. [455, 461, 465, 473, 487, 495, 501, 509, 529, 531]
E. [453, 459, 463, 469, 481, 493, 507, 511, 523, 527]
F. [451, 455, 467, 471, 485, 497, 505, 513, 525, 531]
G. [447, 449, 465, 475, 483, 491, 505, 513, 517, 533]
H. [447, 454, 459, 474, 477, 493, 497, 513, 519, 525]
I. [445, 453, 467, 473, 475, 489, 501, 515, 527, 529]
J. [451, 453, 469, 473, 481, 487, 495, 517, 523, 535]
Answer: B
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Number of 2n-bead black-white complementable necklaces with n black beads. A necklace here is a circular arrangement of beads where rotations and reflections are considered identical. A necklace is complementable if, after changing every black bead to white and vice versa, the resulting necklace is equivalent to the original by rotation or reflection. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [126047902, 465076166, 1723097060, 6407856898, 23910271218, 89493903444, 335912741676, 1264106399928, 4768448177630, 18027218147812]
B. [126047909, 465076163, 1723097063, 6407856895, 23910271221, 89493903441, 335912741679, 1264106399931, 4768448177633, 18027218147815]
C. [126047908, 465076162, 1723097064, 6407856894, 23910271226, 89493903440, 335912741684, 1264106399936, 4768448177638, 18027218147816]
D. [126047911, 465076167, 1723097059, 6407856899, 23910271217, 89493903445, 335912741675, 1264106399927, 4768448177629, 18027218147811]
E. [126047910, 465076165, 1723097061, 6407856897, 23910271219, 89493903443, 335912741677, 1264106399929, 4768448177631, 18027218147813]
F. [126047907, 465076161, 1723097065, 6407856893, 23910271225, 89493903439, 335912741683, 1264106399935, 4768448177635, 18027218147819]
G. [126047904, 465076158, 1723097068, 6407856890, 23910271222, 89493903436, 335912741680, 1264106399932, 4768448177634, 18027218147820]
H. [126047906, 465076160, 1723097066, 6407856892, 23910271224, 89493903438, 335912741682, 1264106399934, 4768448177636, 18027218147818]
I. [126047905, 465076159, 1723097067, 6407856891, 23910271223, 89493903437, 335912741681, 1264106399933, 4768448177637, 18027218147817]
J. [126047903, 465076164, 1723097062, 6407856896, 23910271220, 89493903442, 335912741678, 1264106399930, 4768448177632, 18027218147814]
Answer: H
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the expansion of the exponential generating function exp((exp(4*x) - 4 - 1)/4 + exp(x)) for p=4. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [5080900, 68914000, 1011165400, 15935379000, 268125050000, 4792458400000, 90605469010000, 1805135197260000, 37775862401200000, 827992670793400000]
B. [5080007, 68910023, 1011105446, 15935079409, 268120052373, 4792408452162, 90605069012877, 1805105197261131, 37775062401203910, 827990670793489263]
C. [5080000, 68910000, 1011100000, 15935070000, 268120000000, 4792400000000, 90605000000000, 1805105197000000, 37775062401000000, 827990670793400000]
D. [5080807, 68913023, 1011155446, 15935279409, 268124052373, 4792448452162, 90605469012870, 1805135197261135, 37775862401203500, 827992670793490000]
E. [5080917, 68914033, 1011165480, 15935379500, 268125053400, 4792458500000, 90605469013000, 1805135197270000, 37775862401300000, 827992670793500000]
F. [5080907, 68914020, 1011165441, 15935379400, 268125052370, 4792458452160, 90605469012870, 1805135197261130, 37775862401203910, 827992670793489260]
G. [5080907, 68914023, 1011165446, 15935379409, 268125052373, 4792458452162, 90605469012877, 1805135197261131, 37775862401203916, 827992670793489263]
H. [5000907, 68014023, 1001165446, 15835379409, 267125052373, 4702458452162, 90505469012877, 1795135197261131, 37675862401203916, 826992670793489263]
I. [5080123, 68914567, 1011112345, 15935399999, 268125055555, 4792460000000, 90605469012345, 1805135197261234, 37775862401203456, 827992670793480000]
J. [5080950, 68914030, 1011165400, 15935379000, 268125050000, 4792458400000, 90605469010000, 1805135197260000, 37775862401200000, 827992670793400000]
Answer: G
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Excess of n, which is the difference between the number of prime divisors of n (counting multiplicity) and the number of distinct prime divisors of n. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0]
B. [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0]
C. [1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0]
D. [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1]
E. [1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1]
F. [0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0]
G. [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0]
H. [0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 1]
I. [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1]
J. [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0]
Answer: F
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the sequence of perfect powers, which are numbers that can be written as m^k where m is a positive integer greater than 0 and k is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [1240, 1312, 1350, 1384, 1453, 1524, 1614, 1699, 1744, 1780]
B. [1220, 1290, 1340, 1360, 1440, 1520, 1600, 1690, 1720, 1760]
C. [1234, 1305, 1340, 1378, 1453, 1521, 1609, 1689, 1736, 1775]
D. [1228, 1300, 1335, 1370, 1440, 1518, 1605, 1692, 1738, 1770]
E. [1260, 1330, 1360, 1400, 1470, 1540, 1620, 1705, 1760, 1800]
F. [1215, 1285, 1325, 1355, 1435, 1515, 1595, 1675, 1715, 1755]
G. [1250, 1320, 1355, 1395, 1460, 1530, 1610, 1700, 1750, 1790]
H. [1235, 1307, 1345, 1375, 1450, 1525, 1610, 1695, 1745, 1785]
I. [1245, 1315, 1355, 1385, 1455, 1535, 1625, 1705, 1755, 1795]
J. [1225, 1296, 1331, 1369, 1444, 1521, 1600, 1681, 1728, 1764]
Answer: J
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Fully multiplicative with a(p) = floor((p+1)/2) for prime p. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [10, 26, 16, 38, 3, 19, 24, 43, 8, 29]
B. [11, 23, 13, 39, 5, 15, 20, 44, 7, 25]
C. [14, 21, 13, 43, 6, 17, 25, 47, 6, 25]
D. [12, 25, 15, 41, 4, 17, 22, 43, 9, 28]
E. [12, 23, 18, 36, 4, 15, 19, 46, 8, 24]
F. [11, 25, 17, 42, 3, 14, 22, 40, 9, 26]
G. [13, 24, 15, 40, 2, 18, 23, 41, 7, 26]
H. [13, 26, 16, 35, 5, 18, 20, 39, 7, 30]
I. [14, 22, 14, 37, 6, 20, 21, 45, 6, 27]
J. [10, 24, 14, 40, 3, 16, 21, 42, 8, 27]
Answer: J
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the difference between n^2 and the largest prime less than n^2. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [5, 7, 4, 4, 6, 9, 11, 8, 3, 2]
B. [6, 5, 5, 1, 7, 4, 7, 2, 1, 4]
C. [7, 3, 6, 6, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5]
D. [9, 4, 7, 7, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 1]
E. [1, 6, 3, 2, 4, 8, 10, 3, 7, 6]
F. [2, 7, 8, 3, 2, 5, 12, 7, 6, 3]
G. [4, 8, 2, 5, 3, 6, 9, 5, 4, 4]
H. [3, 9, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 6, 2, 5]
I. [8, 2, 9, 5, 8, 3, 6, 9, 6, 7]
J. [1, 1, 10, 9, 2, 10, 2, 3, 9, 8]
Answer: F
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of permutations P of {1,2,...,n} such that P(1)=1 and the absolute difference between the positions of consecutive elements in the inverse permutation is either 1 or 2 for i=1,2,...,n-1. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [211119, 309409, 453460, 664577, 973984, 1427442, 2092017, 3065999, 4493439, 6585454]
B. [211116, 309406, 453457, 664574, 973981, 1427439, 2092014, 3065996, 4493436, 6585451]
C. [211117, 309407, 453458, 664575, 973982, 1427440, 2092015, 3065997, 4493437, 6585452]
D. [211112, 309402, 453453, 664570, 973977, 1427435, 2092010, 3065992, 4493432, 6585447]
E. [211113, 309403, 453454, 664571, 973978, 1427436, 2092011, 3065993, 4493433, 6585448]
F. [211121, 309411, 453462, 664579, 973986, 1427444, 2092019, 3066001, 4493441, 6585456]
G. [211120, 309410, 453461, 664578, 973985, 1427443, 2092018, 3066000, 4493440, 6585455]
H. [211118, 309408, 453459, 664576, 973983, 1427441, 2092016, 3065998, 4493438, 6585453]
I. [211114, 309404, 453455, 664572, 973979, 1427437, 2092012, 3065994, 4493434, 6585449]
J. [211115, 309405, 453456, 664573, 973980, 1427438, 2092013, 3065995, 4493435, 6585450]
Answer: B
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the expected number of random moves required in the Tower of Hanoi problem with n disks, starting from a randomly chosen position and ending at a position where all disks are on the same peg. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [7622220078, 38125449296, 190670293201, 953480606163, 4767790451298, 23840114517957, 119204059374180, 596030757224102, 2980185167180116, 14901019979079411]
B. [7622220079, 38125449297, 190670293201, 953480606163, 4767790451299, 23840114517957, 119204059374181, 596030757224103, 2980185167180120, 14901019979079417]
C. [7622220078, 38125449296, 190670293200, 953480606162, 4767790451298, 23840114517956, 119204059374180, 596030757224102, 2980185167180118, 14901019979079416]
D. [7622220078, 38125449296, 190670293200, 953480606162, 4767790451300, 23840114517956, 119204059374180, 596030757224102, 2980185167180119, 14901019979079413]
E. [7622220078, 38125459296, 190670293200, 953480606162, 4767790451298, 23840114517956, 119204059374180, 596030757224102, 2980185167180118, 14901019979079412]
F. [7622220078, 38125449296, 190670293200, 953480606162, 4767790451298, 23840114517956, 119204059374180, 596030757224102, 2980185167180118, 14910019979079416]
G. [7622221078, 38125449295, 190670293199, 953480606162, 4767790451298, 23840114517956, 119204059374180, 596030757224102, 2980185167180118, 14901029979079416]
H. [7622220078, 38125449297, 190670293199, 953480606164, 4767790451298, 23840114517954, 119204059374182, 596030757224104, 2980185167180118, 14901019979079415]
I. [7622220078, 38125449295, 190670293199, 953480606162, 4767790451298, 23840114517955, 119204059374180, 596030757224103, 2980185167180118, 14901019979079414]
J. [7622221078, 38125449296, 190670293200, 953480606162, 4767790451297, 23840114517956, 119204059374181, 596030757224102, 2980185167180117, 14901019979079414]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the nth entry in the sequence representing triangle T(n, k) of rencontres numbers, which count the number of permutations of n elements with exactly k fixed points. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [1334960, 667485, 222480, 55651, 11088, 1890, 240, 45, 0, 1]
B. [1334960, 667485, 222480, 55650, 11088, 1900, 240, 45, 0, 1]
C. [1334960, 667485, 222480, 55650, 11088, 1890, 240, 45, 0, 1]
D. [1334959, 667485, 222480, 55650, 11088, 1890, 240, 45, 0, 1]
E. [1334960, 667486, 222480, 55650, 11088, 1890, 240, 45, 0, 1]
F. [1334960, 667485, 222479, 55650, 11088, 1890, 240, 45, 0, 1]
G. [1334960, 667485, 222480, 55650, 11088, 1890, 240, 0, 1, 1]
H. [1334960, 667485, 222480, 55650, 11089, 1890, 240, 45, 0, 1]
I. [1334960, 667485, 222480, 55650, 11088, 1890, 241, 45, 0, 1]
J. [1334960, 667485, 222480, 55650, 12000, 1890, 240, 45, 0, 1]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the least number m for which either 2^m + 1 or 2^m - 1 is divisible by 4n + 1, where n represents the number of pairs of cards in a Mongean shuffle. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [14, 89, 31, 139, 17, 51, 40, 41, 73, 151]
B. [11, 81, 23, 131, 9, 43, 32, 33, 65, 143]
C. [6, 86, 28, 136, 14, 48, 37, 38, 70, 148]
D. [13, 80, 22, 130, 8, 42, 31, 32, 64, 142]
E. [7, 83, 25, 133, 11, 45, 34, 35, 67, 145]
F. [5, 82, 24, 132, 10, 44, 33, 34, 66, 144]
G. [10, 87, 29, 137, 15, 49, 38, 39, 71, 149]
H. [12, 88, 30, 138, 16, 50, 39, 40, 72, 150]
I. [9, 85, 27, 135, 13, 47, 36, 37, 69, 147]
J. [8, 84, 26, 134, 12, 46, 35, 36, 68, 146]
Answer: J
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is Golomb's sequence: a(n) represents the number of times the integer n appears in the sequence, starting with a(1) = 1. This sequence is known for its self-referential properties, where the quantity of each integer is determined by the values of the sequence itself. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [17, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19]
B. [18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18]
C. [17, 17, 17, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20]
D. [17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20]
E. [17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19]
F. [16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 20]
G. [18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19]
H. [16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18]
I. [17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19]
J. [17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19]
Answer: J
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is Powerful numbers, defined as follows: A number n is called powerful if for every prime p that divides n, p^2 also divides n. These numbers are also referred to as squareful, square full, square-full or 2-powerful numbers. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [721, 788, 804, 848, 862, 899, 957, 961, 978, 1004]
B. [722, 787, 805, 847, 866, 897, 963, 962, 970, 1005]
C. [730, 782, 801, 840, 865, 899, 962, 966, 971, 1001]
D. [727, 780, 806, 838, 868, 896, 965, 966, 977, 1001]
E. [724, 781, 802, 843, 867, 895, 964, 965, 975, 1003]
F. [725, 785, 803, 833, 869, 898, 959, 964, 979, 1002]
G. [720, 740, 810, 840, 860, 890, 960, 970, 980, 990]
H. [726, 786, 798, 842, 861, 902, 958, 967, 974, 998]
I. [728, 783, 799, 839, 863, 901, 960, 969, 973, 999]
J. [729, 784, 800, 841, 864, 900, 961, 968, 972, 1000]
Answer: J
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the Kronecker symbol (-1, n), which indicates quadratic reciprocity for n, except for a(0) which is defined to be 0. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1]
B. [1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1]
C. [1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1]
D. [1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1]
E. [1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1]
F. [-1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1]
G. [-1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
H. [1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1]
I. [1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1]
J. [-1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is Fine's sequence (or Fine numbers): number of relations of valence >= 1 on an n-set; also number of ordered rooted trees with n nodes having a root of even degree. Output the first n terms of the sequence. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [210295331, 778483938, 2892818250, 10786724394, 40347919632, 151355847018, 569274150162, 2146336125654, 8110508473258, 30711521221382]
B. [210295332, 778483939, 2892818251, 10786724395, 40347919633, 151355847019, 569274150163, 2146336125655, 8110508473259, 30711521221383]
C. [210295326, 778483932, 2892818244, 10786724388, 40347919626, 151355847012, 569274150156, 2146336125648, 8110508473252, 30711521221376]
D. [210295329, 778483936, 2892818248, 10786724392, 40347919630, 151355847016, 569274150160, 2146336125652, 8110508473256, 30711521221380]
E. [210295328, 778483935, 2892818247, 10786724391, 40347919629, 151355847015, 569274150159, 2146336125651, 8110508473255, 30711521221379]
F. [210295333, 778483940, 2892818252, 10786724396, 40347919634, 151355847020, 569274150164, 2146336125656, 8110508473260, 30711521221384]
G. [210295326, 778483933, 2892818245, 10786724389, 40347919627, 151355847013, 569274150157, 2146336125649, 8110508473253, 30711521221377]
H. [210295334, 778483941, 2892818253, 10786724397, 40347919635, 151355847021, 569274150165, 2146336125657, 8110508473261, 30711521221385]
I. [210295330, 778483937, 2892818249, 10786724393, 40347919631, 151355847017, 569274150161, 2146336125653, 8110508473257, 30711521221381]
J. [210295327, 778483934, 2892818246, 10786724390, 40347919628, 151355847014, 569274150158, 2146336125650, 8110508473254, 30711521221378]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of paths consisting of steps from (0,0) to (h,k) such that each step has length 1 directed up or right and no step touches the line y=x unless x=0 or x=h. These paths are then read by diagonals into an array A where A(h,k)=number of such paths, where h and k are non-negative integers and determined by the position in the sequence. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [35, 75, 90, 42, 42, 90, 75, 35, 9, 1]
B. [39, 79, 94, 46, 46, 94, 79, 39, 13, 5]
C. [37, 77, 92, 44, 44, 92, 77, 37, 11, 3]
D. [31, 71, 86, 38, 38, 86, 71, 31, 5, 0]
E. [30, 70, 85, 37, 37, 85, 70, 30, 4, 0]
F. [36, 74, 89, 43, 43, 91, 76, 36, 10, 2]
G. [34, 76, 91, 41, 41, 89, 74, 34, 8, 0]
H. [33, 73, 88, 40, 40, 88, 73, 33, 7, 0]
I. [32, 72, 87, 39, 39, 87, 72, 32, 6, 0]
J. [38, 78, 93, 45, 45, 93, 78, 38, 12, 4]
Answer: A
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Numbers such that first reversing digits and then squaring equals the result of first squaring and then reversing. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [1412, 1120, 1200, 1301, 2110, 1212, 1111, 2101, 2020, 2111]
B. [1123, 1322, 1205, 1103, 1218, 1215, 1201, 2004, 2020, 2118]
C. [1422, 2122, 1021, 1402, 2111, 1412, 2011, 1021, 2022, 2112]
D. [1120, 1123, 2201, 1212, 1210, 1112, 1302, 2003, 2202, 2010]
E. [1141, 1124, 1101, 1302, 1211, 1115, 1401, 2014, 2021, 2114]
F. [1121, 1422, 1111, 1102, 1101, 1112, 1304, 2031, 2012, 2115]
G. [1321, 1129, 1204, 1207, 1221, 1217, 1100, 2025, 2016, 2119]
H. [1141, 1132, 1203, 1405, 1219, 1214, 1501, 2013, 2023, 2102]
I. [1121, 1122, 1201, 1202, 1211, 1212, 1301, 2001, 2002, 2011]
J. [1311, 1112, 1210, 1102, 1213, 1115, 2421, 2010, 2122, 2113]
Answer: I
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is e-perfect numbers: numbers k such that the sum of the e-divisors (exponential divisors, meaning the divisors d of k such that k = d^m for some integer m) of k equals 2*k. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [3482, 3626, 3698, 3842, 3914, 4058, 4130, 4274, 4562, 4706]
B. [3522, 3666, 3738, 3882, 3954, 4098, 4170, 4314, 4602, 4746]
C. [3492, 3636, 3708, 3852, 3924, 4068, 4140, 4284, 4572, 4716]
D. [3532, 3676, 3748, 3892, 3964, 4108, 4180, 4324, 4612, 4756]
E. [3502, 3646, 3718, 3862, 3934, 4078, 4150, 4294, 4582, 4726]
F. [3442, 3586, 3658, 3802, 3874, 4018, 4090, 4234, 4522, 4666]
G. [3512, 3656, 3728, 3872, 3944, 4088, 4160, 4304, 4592, 4736]
H. [3472, 3616, 3688, 3832, 3904, 4048, 4120, 4264, 4552, 4696]
I. [3452, 3596, 3668, 3812, 3884, 4028, 4100, 4244, 4532, 4676]
J. [3462, 3606, 3678, 3822, 3894, 4038, 4110, 4254, 4542, 4686]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the sequence defined by the following process: Start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous term plus 1. Start the sequence at 15. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [3, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 3, 10]
B. [1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1]
C. [94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242]
D. [15, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 80, 40]
E. [12, 6, 3, 10, 5, 16, 8, 12, 6, 3]
F. [7, 22, 11, 34, 17, 52, 26, 13, 40, 20]
G. [77, 232, 116, 58, 29, 88, 44, 22, 11, 34]
H. [24, 12, 6, 3, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2]
I. [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 5, 16, 8, 4]
J. [22, 11, 34, 17, 52, 26, 13, 40, 20, 10]
Answer: B
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Numbers that are not multiples of 9, specifically considering the sequence with positive integers where each term is chosen such that it does not result in a multiple of 9 when considered in the order of appearance. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83]
B. [67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80]
C. [62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74]
D. [66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80]
E. [67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 82]
F. [70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80]
G. [64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77]
H. [63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76]
I. [66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79]
J. [65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78]
Answer: F
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Swap each prime in the factorization of n with its neighboring prime, where a neighboring prime of a prime p is defined as the next or previous prime in the sequence of prime numbers. For example, the neighboring primes of 5 are 3 and 7. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [134, 49, 123, 25, 726, 77, 70, 75, 166, 52]
B. [126, 67, 117, 16, 728, 78, 80, 74, 172, 64]
C. [120, 53, 119, 23, 732, 82, 72, 76, 168, 56]
D. [124, 57, 109, 18, 721, 79, 76, 69, 170, 54]
E. [128, 69, 105, 17, 730, 74, 88, 68, 174, 70]
F. [122, 63, 107, 19, 733, 81, 74, 72, 167, 62]
G. [128, 61, 113, 24, 727, 75, 82, 77, 173, 60]
H. [126, 59, 111, 20, 729, 77, 78, 71, 171, 58]
I. [132, 55, 115, 21, 731, 76, 86, 70, 169, 68]
J. [130, 65, 120, 22, 735, 80, 84, 73, 175, 66]
Answer: H
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the Connell sequence where the 1st term is an odd number, the next two terms are consecutive even numbers, followed by the next three terms as consecutive odd numbers, and so on. The number of consecutive odd or even numbers increases by one after each switch, starting with one odd number. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125]
B. [103, 106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130]
C. [105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 122]
D. [109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127]
E. [110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128]
F. [106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124]
G. [108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126]
H. [111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129]
I. [104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122]
J. [112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130]
Answer: C
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Table of n XOR m (or Nim-sum of n and m) read by antidiagonals with m>=0, n>=0. In combinatorial game theory, the Nim-sum is the result of applying the bitwise exclusive OR operation (XOR) to the binary representations of the numbers. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [15, 15, 0, 0, 15, 15, 11, 11, 15, 15]
B. [11, 11, 4, 4, 11, 11, 7, 7, 11, 11]
C. [10, 10, 5, 5, 10, 10, 6, 6, 10, 10]
D. [16, 16, 1, 1, 16, 16, 12, 12, 16, 16]
E. [12, 12, 3, 3, 12, 12, 8, 8, 12, 12]
F. [9, 9, 6, 6, 9, 9, 5, 5, 9, 9]
G. [18, 18, 3, 3, 18, 18, 14, 14, 18, 18]
H. [14, 14, 2, 2, 14, 14, 10, 10, 14, 14]
I. [17, 17, 2, 2, 17, 17, 13, 13, 17, 17]
J. [13, 13, 1, 1, 13, 13, 9, 9, 13, 13]
Answer: J
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is n written in fractional base 4/2. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [21020, 21021, 21022, 21023, 21200, 21201, 21202, 21203, 21220, 21221]
B. [22120, 22121, 22122, 22123, 22300, 22301, 22302, 22303, 22320, 22321]
C. [22020, 22021, 22022, 22023, 22200, 22201, 22202, 22203, 22220, 22221]
D. [20220, 20221, 20222, 20223, 20300, 20301, 20302, 20303, 20320, 20321]
E. [20020, 20011, 20022, 20013, 20200, 20211, 20202, 20213, 20220, 20231]
F. [20020, 20021, 20022, 20023, 20200, 20201, 20202, 20203, 20220, 20221]
G. [20010, 20011, 20012, 20013, 20210, 20211, 20212, 20213, 20230, 20231]
H. [21000, 21001, 21002, 21003, 21200, 21201, 21202, 21203, 21220, 21221]
I. [20100, 20101, 20102, 20103, 20300, 20301, 20302, 20303, 20320, 20321]
J. [20120, 20121, 20122, 20123, 20300, 20301, 20302, 20303, 20320, 20321]
Answer: F
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Pitoun's sequence: a(n+1) is the digital root of the sum of the sequence from a(0) to a(n). The digital root of a number is obtained by iteratively summing its digits until a single-digit number is achieved. For example, the digital root of 987 is 9 + 8 + 7 = 24, then 2 + 4 = 6. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1]
B. [8, 6, 2, 0, 9, 4, 8, 6, 2, 0]
C. [0, 3, 6, 9, 1, 5, 0, 3, 6, 9]
D. [5, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 5, 8, 7, 6]
E. [1, 4, 3, 5, 2, 9, 1, 4, 3, 5]
F. [6, 1, 5, 4, 7, 0, 6, 1, 5, 4]
G. [7, 5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 7, 5, 1, 2]
H. [9, 2, 8, 7, 3, 1, 9, 2, 8, 7]
I. [3, 9, 6, 8, 0, 7, 3, 9, 6, 8]
J. [2, 7, 9, 3, 1, 5, 2, 7, 9, 3]
Answer: G
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: the distance to the nearest triangular number in the sequence of natural numbers. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1]
B. [3, 4, 5, 8, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2]
C. [6, 5, 4, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2]
D. [4, 6, 5, 7, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1]
E. [4, 5, 7, 7, 6, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2]
F. [4, 5, 6, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
G. [4, 5, 5, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 3]
H. [5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
I. [4, 5, 6, 8, 6, 5, 3, 3, 2, 1]
J. [4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 5, 3, 3, 2, 1]
Answer: F
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is: Least gap in the partition having Heinz number n; index of the least prime not dividing n. Heinz number of a partition is the product of primes (2, 3, 5, ...) corresponding to parts of the partition. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1]
B. [1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3]
C. [4, 5, 4, 7, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6]
D. [3, 4, 3, 6, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5]
E. [0, 2, 0, 5, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 3]
F. [0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2]
G. [5, 6, 5, 8, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 7]
H. [2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3]
I. [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1]
J. [2, 3, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4]
Answer: B
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of Abelian groups of order n, which is equivalent to the number of distinct factorizations of n into prime powers. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [2, 2, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1]
B. [1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1]
C. [2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1]
D. [2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1]
E. [2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1]
F. [2, 2, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1]
G. [2, 3, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1]
H. [2, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1]
I. [3, 2, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2]
J. [2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1]
Answer: J
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of permutations of n elements with each permutation having an order exactly equal to 3. In group theory, the order of a permutation is the smallest positive integer k such that applying the permutation k times returns to the initial arrangement. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [27057728, 168669110, 1194911840, 7681566800, 53504964992, 418499988338, 3047269834280, 23394756531620, 199308751634000, 1608461415071822]
B. [27117728, 169269110, 1200911840, 7688566800, 53574964992, 419199988338, 3055269834280, 23474756531620, 199908751634000, 1616461415071822]
C. [27047728, 168569110, 1193911840, 7680566800, 53494964992, 418399988338, 3046269834280, 23384756531620, 199208751634000, 1607461415071822]
D. [27067728, 168769110, 1195911840, 7682566800, 53514964992, 418599988338, 3048269834280, 23404756531620, 199408751634000, 1609461415071822]
E. [27037728, 168469110, 1192911840, 7679566800, 53484964992, 418299988338, 3045269834280, 23374756531620, 199108751634000, 1606461415071822]
F. [27087728, 168969110, 1197911840, 7684566800, 53534964992, 418799988338, 3050269834280, 23424756531620, 199608751634000, 1611461415071822]
G. [27027728, 168369110, 1191911840, 7678566800, 53474964992, 418199988338, 3044269834280, 23364756531620, 199008751634000, 1605461415071822]
H. [27007728, 168169110, 1189911840, 7676566800, 53454964992, 417999988338, 3042269834280, 23344756531620, 198808751634000, 1603461415071822]
I. [27017728, 168269110, 1190911840, 7677566800, 53464964992, 418099988338, 3043269834280, 23354756531620, 198908751634000, 1604461415071822]
Answer: G
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the largest order of the automorphism group of a directed graph, called a tournament, with n nodes where each pair of nodes has a single directed edge between them in one direction or the other. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [14348907, 4782969, 4782969, 4782969, 1594333, 33480783, 129140163, 33480783, 7971615, 129140163]
B. [33480783, 4793215, 7971615, 1594323, 4782969, 1594323, 4782969, 129140163, 129140163, 8349368]
C. [129140163, 33480783, 4782969, 4782169, 1594323, 14348907, 1594323, 7971615, 33480783, 129140163]
D. [33480783, 1594323, 7971615, 4782969, 14348907, 1594323, 33480783, 4782969, 129140163, 4782969]
E. [7971615, 4782969, 14348907, 4782969, 129140163, 1594323, 33480783, 1594323, 4782969, 33480783]
F. [1594323, 4782969, 4782969, 7971615, 14348907, 33480783, 33480783, 129140163, 129140163, 129140163]
G. [129140163, 1594323, 4782969, 4782969, 14348907, 33480783, 1594323, 7971685, 129140163, 33480783]
H. [4782969, 4782969, 7971615, 14348907, 33480783, 33480783, 129140163, 1594323, 129140163, 129140163]
I. [4782969, 1594323, 1594323, 7971398, 14348907, 33480783, 129140163, 33480783, 129140163, 4782969]
J. [7971615, 1594323, 1594323, 4782969, 4782969, 14348907, 33480783, 33480783, 29760683, 129140163]
Answer: F
We now define an algorithm: The definition of a(n) is the number of 2-line arrays or the number of P-graphs with 2n edges in combinatorial graph theory. Given the input x_list (a series of values): [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21], determine the corresponding output sequence y_list.

Options:
A. [539464358, 4214095612, 33288794236, 263908987100, 2119912146295, 16985396737830, 137594914185538, 1116624717709012, 9113227693455362, 74669999210200292]
B. [539464358, 4215095612, 33218794236, 263808187100, 2110914146295, 16995386737830, 137394914485538, 1116722717709012, 9113225694455362, 74649999210200292]
C. [539464858, 4214095612, 33218794236, 263908187100, 2110912147295, 16985386727830, 137394914185538, 1116622716709012, 9113225694455362, 74659999210200192]
D. [539564358, 4215095612, 33218794236, 263908187100, 2110912147295, 16995386728830, 137394914385538, 1116622717708012, 9113225693455462, 74669999210210292]
E. [539464358, 4214095612, 33218794236, 263908187200, 2110912146295, 16985386737830, 137394914285638, 1117622717709012, 9113225693456362, 74659999210200392]
F. [539464358, 4214095612, 33228794236, 263908287100, 2110912146295, 16985386728830, 137294914285538, 1116622717708012, 9113225693454362, 74659999210200292]
G. [539464358, 4214095612, 33218784236, 263908287100, 2110912146295, 16995386737830, 137394914385538, 1116622717708012, 9113225693454362, 74649999210200292]
H. [539464358, 4214095612, 33218794236, 263908187100, 2110912146295, 16985386737830, 137394914285538, 1116622717709012, 9113225693455362, 74659999210200292]
I. [539464358, 4214095612, 33218794236, 263908287100, 2111912146295, 16985396737830, 137394914285538, 1116622718709012, 9113225693456352, 74669999210200292]
J. [539464358, 4214093612, 33228794236, 263808187100, 2111812146295, 16995386737830, 137294914285538, 1116622718709012, 9112325693455362, 74659999220200292]
Answer: H
When should the inoculating loop be sterilized by flaming?

Options:
A. Before and After Use
B. During Isolation
C. During Use
D. After use
E. Before Use
F. Before Disposal
G. After Storage
H. After Incubation
I. Before Storage
J. Before Incubation
Answer: A
What do the vascular bundles of rice stems belong to?

Options:
A. Infinite Vascular Bundle of Outer Ligament
B. Vascular bundles in the cortex
C. Bicollateral Vascular Bundles
D. Epiphytic Dimensional Cell Structures
E. Emergent Symbiotic Bundle Arrangement
F. Internodal Lycophyte Vascular Matrix
G. Extraneous Permutation Bundle Form
H. Junctional Convergent Bundle Pattern
I. Embryonic Vascular Conduit Layers
J. External Limited Dimensional Bundle
Answer: J
What are the sexual spores produced by yeast?

Options:
A. Spores
B. Antheridia
C. Zygospore
D. Basidiospore
E. Conidia
F. Oospore
G. Myxospore
H. Ascospores
I. Sporangia
J. Gemmae
Answer: C
What is the temporary respiratory organ that the nymph of a dragonfly, which lives in water?

Options:
A. Larva
B. Spiracles
C. Larvae
D. Scales
E. Fins
F. Air sacs
G. Gills
H. First instar larva
I. Swim bladder
Answer: C
Some species of female fireflies within the genus *Photuris* are carnivorous. They mimic the light signaling patterns of females from three other species within the same genus to respond to their males, luring the males of these different species closer, then capturing, killing, and eating them. For the males of the three preyed-upon firefly species, which of the following strategies would be viable?

Options:
A. Always using the same signal patterns for communication.
B. Changing light frequency to attract female insects
C. Mimicking the signaling patterns of other male fireflies.
D. Slowly approach after discovering the responding female insect.
E. Approaching quickly and without hesitation upon response.
F. Upon discovering a receptive female, it flies directly to mate.
G. Completely disregarding the female insect's response
H. Sending no light signal to attract female fireflies.
I. Escaping the area upon spotting a flashing female firefly.
J. Ignoring all light signals from female fireflies.
Answer: D
What type of animal larvae are planktonic larvae?

Options:
A. Hydrozoans
B. Sponges
C. Nematodes
D. Cnidarians
E. Annelids
F. Arthropods
G. Flatworms
H. Tunicates
I. Echinoderms
J. Mollusks
Answer: D
What is the reason for considering cephalopods the most evolved mollusks?

Options:
A. The shell has developed into lung-like organs.
B. Outer membrane Well-developed
C. Open circulatory system in all species.
D. The exoskeleton evolved into an endoskeleton.
E. Simple nerve net instead of a brain.
F. Lacks a circulatory system entirely.
G. The foot has moved to the head and fused with the head.
H. Highly segmented body structure present.
I. Specialized gills for respiration only.
J. Closed-Pipe Circulation System
Answer: J
Which group of animals all have claws?

Options:
A. Rabbit, snail, parrot
B. Penguin, octopus, antelope
C. Dog, snake, seahorse
D. Bear, spider, jellyfish
E. Crab, salamander, ostrich
F. Crocodile, pangolin, eagle
G. Frogs, sturgeon, chicken
H. Lizard, whale, toad
I. Turtle, frog, starfish
J. Cat, shark, dolphin
Answer: F
What characteristic does the cell wall exhibit during cell growth?

Options:
A. Compressibility
B. Fragility
C. Plasticity
D. Durability
E. Elasticity
F. Solidity
G. Permeability
H. Reversibility
I. Rigidity
J. Flexibility
Answer: C
What is correct regarding the magnitude of root pressure?

Options:
A. Reduced significantly during drought or dry seasons.
B. Associated with the diffusion of soil moisture into xylem vessels.
C. Originates from the capillary action within xylem tissue.
D. Develops primarily due to stomatal conductance regulation.
E. Primarily caused by active transport of mineral ions into xylem.
F. Reduce when atmospheric humidity is high and transpiration is weak.
G. Increases when soil is saturated with dissolved nutrients.
H. Strongest at night when photosynthesis is at its peak.
I. Typically around 2 MPa.
J. Depends on the water potential difference between xylem vessels and soil.
Answer: J
In experiments with soybeans and tobacco, W.W. Garner and H.A. Allard observed that plants of the same variety would flower at nearly the same time, regardless of when they were sown. They concluded what factor was decisive in determining flowering?

Options:
A. The average humidity levels during the growing period
B. The change in temperature between seasons in the region
C. The amount of sunlight received per hour each day
D. The proportion of darkness and light duration between day and night
E. The soil nutrient concentration influence on plant cycles
F. The length of darkness and daylight over day and night
G. The total energy captured via photosynthesis each day
H. Day-Night Temperature Difference
I. The rainfall patterns observed throughout the growing season
J. The latitude of the cultivar's place of origin
Answer: D
What symptoms do women experience after tubal ligation?

Options:
A. Anovulation with menstruation
B. Irregular ovulation and spotting
C. Persistent pelvic pain only
D. Increased menstrual bleeding occurs
E. Anovulation, amenorrhea
F. Ovulation occurs, menstruation takes place.
G. Sudden loss of estrogen levels
H. Ovulation halts permanently
I. Ovulation without menstruation
J. Complete infertility with pain
Answer: E
In biological oxidation reactions that rely on organic mechanisms, exogenous inorganic oxides are primarily used as the final electron acceptors. What is this called?

Options:
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Fermentation
C. Cellular Ketogenesis
D. Aerobic Respiration
E. Oxidative Carboxylation
F. Glycolytic Pathway
G. Anaerobic Respiration
H. Intramolecular Respiration
I. Oxidative Phosphorylation
J. Chemotrophic Processes
Answer: G
Assuming there are two types of plants growing together in a pot, when the two plants are separated, one dies while the other grows much better. What is the relationship between them?

Options:
A. Amensalism
B. Auto-nourishment
C. Mutualism
D. Heterotrophy
E. Commensalism
F. Competition
G. Predation
H. Symbiosis
I. Parasitic
J. Coexistence
Answer: I
A/a and B/b are independently distributed. When AaBb undergoes self-crossing, the phenotype ratio of AB:ab in the offspring is 9:7. What is the reason for this?

Options:
A. Environmental Influence
B. Pleiotropic Effect
C. Gene Complementation
D. Latent Dominance
E. Dominant Epistasis
F. Linkage Disequilibrium
G. Genetic Recombination
H. Non-Mendelian Segregation
I. Suppressor Gene
J. Multiple Allelism
Answer: C
If the insect is a fruit fly, and a male fruit fly with a genotype identical to the aforementioned parental female individual mates with a triple-recessive female fruit fly, what traits will be exhibited in their offspring?

Options:
A. There are only two phenotypes: blackbody and tattoo with one glass eye.
B. There are still six phenotypes, but in unequal ratios.
C. There are only two phenotypes: tattoos and a glass eye in bold.
D. There are still six phenotypes, with similar proportions.
E. There are only two phenotypes, each equally represented.
F. There are only three phenotypes, distributed equally.
G. There are still six phenotypes, but the proportions vary.
H. There are still four phenotypes, but with altered proportions.
I. There are only six traits, and the ratios remain unchanged.
J. There are still six genotypes, but the phenotypes shift.
Answer: G
Using gel filtration chromatography to separate the following mixture of four proteins, which one will elute from the chromatographic column first?

Options:
A. Insulin (5.7 kDa)
B. Myoglobin (17.8 kDa)
C. Ovalbumin (45.0 kDa)
D. Beta-lactoglobulin (36.2 kDa)
E. Cytochrome C (13.4 kDa)
F. Bovine serum albumin (66.2 kDa)
G. Ferritin (440 kDa)
H. Hemoglobin (64.5 kDa)
I. Lysozyme (14.3 kDa)
J. Rabbit Phosphorylase B (97.4 kDa)
Answer: J
Which of the following statements about snake skulls is correct?

Options:
A. The skull retains a fully developed temporal fossa.
B. The skull lacks a temporal fossa.
C. The left and right halves of the mandible have not fused.
D. The infra-temporal arch completely supports jaw movement.
E. The infra-temporal arch has disappeared, leaving only the supra-temporal arch.
F. The mandible halves are completely fused in all species.
G. The palatine bone and quadrate bone form unmovable joints.
H. Snake skulls possess immovable joints between key bones.
I. The palatine bone, pterygoid bone, quadrate bone, and squamosal bone form movable joints, allowing the mouth to open very wide.
J. The temporal fossa is necessary for all snake jaw functions.
Answer: B
Bashaw (1988) defines apomixis as the natural phenomenon in which plants can produce seeds without fertilization. Based on this definition, which of the following is a type of apomixis that does not occur through the embryo sac pathway?

Options:
A. Vegetative Propagation
B. Somatic Embryogenesis
C. Indeterminate Embryo
D. Parthenogenesis
E. Asexual Reproduction
F. Reproductive Cloning
G. Gametophytic Apomixis
H. Asexual reproduction
I. Autonomous Endosperm
J. Sporophytic Apomixis
Answer: C
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs on the larvae (caterpillars) of Lepidoptera insects. The parasitic wasp larvae live inside the caterpillars and pupate or mature within their bodies before emerging and forming cocoons on the surface of the caterpillars, ultimately causing the death of the caterpillars. What is this phenomenon called?

Options:
A. Cannibalism
B. Commensalism
C. Mutualism
D. Predation
E. Social parasitism
F. Competition
G. Parasitism
H. Hyperparasitism
I. Quasi-parasitism
J. Symbiosis
Answer: I
DNA can be represented as a string composed of A, C, G, and T, such as ACGT, ACCC, CCTA, etc. For a known DNA molecule with a length of 4 bp, how many possible substrings can correspond to it in total?

Options:
A. 16
B. 36
C. 25
D. 256
E. 64
F. 100
G. 4
H. 400
I. 512
J. 128
Answer: D
In China, which blood type is the most challenging to find a suitable donor for during a transfusion?

Options:
A. AB, Rh negative
B. Type O, Rh negative
C. Type A, Rh positive
D. Type B, Rh positive
E. Type O, Rh-negative
F. AB, Rh positive
G. Type A, Rh negative
H. AB type, Rh positive
I. Type O, Rh positive
J. Type B, Rh negative
Answer: A
What type of connection is present between the jaw arch and the braincase in mammals?

Options:
A. Flexible hinge bond type
B. Self-receiving type
C. Jointed cartilage design type
D. Tongue and groove type
E. Bone-hinge alignment type
F. Cartilage-arc formation type
G. Skull-to-skull connection type
H. Two-junction type
I. Muscle-tendon linkage type
J. Neural-flex linkage type
Answer: G
What is the effect of colchicine on cells?

Options:
A. Stimulation of cell fragmentation
B. Promote cell division
C. Preservation of cellular integrity
D. Enhancement of spindle formation
E. Promote cell fusion
F. Acceleration of DNA replication
G. Inhibition of Cell Division
H. Facilitation of protein synthesis
I. Activation of genetic transcription
J. Destruction of Microstructure
Answer: J
In the structure of perennial woody stems, which ray is entirely of secondary structure?

Options:
A. Only cambial rays
B. Only bark rays
C. Only secondary phloem rays
D. Only xylem rays
E. Only medullary rays
F. Medullary Rays and Wood Rays
G. Only the phloem rays
H. Only vascular rays
I. Only cork cambium rays
J. Only woody rays
Answer: H
What were the periods of the trilobites' proliferation and decline?

Options:
A. Archean and Paleozoic Eras
B. Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras
C. Proterozoic and Mesozoic Eras
D. Cenozoic and Triassic Eras
E. Paleozoic and Neogene Periods
F. The Mesozoic Era and Mesozoic Era
G. Proterozoic and Paleozoic Eras
H. Cambrian and Ordovician Periods
I. Jurassic and Permian Eras
J. Paleozoic and Proterozoic
Answer: J
What should be the physiological functions of glucagon?

Options:
A. Enhance protein synthesis, boosting tissue regeneration.
B. Promote glycogen breakdown and inhibit gluconeogenesis.
C. Stimulate muscle contraction, improving endurance levels.
D. Stimulate serotonin release, improving mood stability.
E. Promote fat breakdown, increasing ketone body production.
F. Facilitate oxygen transport, improving respiratory efficiency.
G. Enhance the excitability of the myocardium.
H. Promote insulin secretion, reducing blood glucose levels.
I. Promote the secretion of bile and gastric juice
J. Increase calcium storage in bones, enhancing skeletal strength.
Answer: E
If the segregation ratios of $\mathrm{F_2}$ are 9:7, 9:6:1, and 15:1 respectively, then the segregation ratios obtained from test crosses between $\mathrm{F_1}$ and completely recessive individuals will be:

Options:
A. 1:4, 2:1, and 1:3
B. 1:1, 1:3, and 2:1
C. 3:1, 4:1, and 1:3
D. 1:3, 1:2:1, and 3:1
E. 1:3, 2:2, and 1:4
F. 3:1, 3:1, and 1:4
G. 3:1, 1:2, and 1:1
H. 2:1, 4:1, and 1:3
I. 2:1, 3:1, and 1:2
J. 1:2:1, 4:1, and 3:1
Answer: D
According to the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. The change in gene frequencies within a population under natural selection signifies the formation of new species.
B. Biological evolution is random in direction.
C. The modern synthesis assumes that evolution operates entirely independently of genetic variation.
D. Natural selection consistently drives populations toward a single adaptive peak through gradual processes.
E. From the perspective of evolutionary direction, biological evolution is non-directional but adapts to local environments.
F. Evolutionary theory posits that genetic drift always leads to predictable evolutionary trends.
G. In terms of evolutionary speed, biological evolution can reflect both a punctuated mode and a gradual mode of evolution.
H. The role of mutations in evolution is to provide predictable solutions to environmental challenges.
I. Evolutionary fitness indicates a species' inevitable progression toward complexity and intelligence.
J. Species evolve solely through the accumulation of beneficial mutations without influence from their environment.
Answer: E
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

Options:
A. Linear DNA sequences
B. Anaerobic respiration
C. Nuclear membrane presence
D. Multinucleated cytoplasm
E. Achromosomal
F. Diploid genome structure
G. Mitochondrial transcription systems
H. Acellular ribosome
I. Presence of organelles
J. No post-transcriptional modifications
Answer: J
A restaurant is suspected of selling wild birds. During an inspection, inspectors discovered a bird's foot with three toes pointing forward and one toe pointing backward. The back toe is on the same plane as the three front toes. The toes are long and connected by webbing at the base. What kind of bird is this?

Options:
A. Gruiformes
B. Order Charadriiformes
C. Pelecaniformes
D. Order Strigiformes
E. Order Passeriformes
F. Order Ciconiiformes
G. Order Anseriformes
H. Order Falconiformes
I. Order Galliformes
J. Order Columbiformes
Answer: F