MikaStars39/nano-eval huggingface dataset:
At 500 K, for the reaction $Cl + H_2 \longrightarrow (Cl-H-H)^{\neq}\longrightarrow HCl + H$, what are the values of $\Delta_{t}^{≠} S_{m}$ and A?
Given that the rotational characteristic temperature of $H_2$ is $\theta_{r} = 85.3K$, the vibrational characteristic temperature is $\theta_{v} = 598.7K$, and The ground state electron $2p_{3/2}$ of Cl is $g_e^0 = 2J+1 = 4$. For the transition state $Cl··^2··H··^1··H$, $r_1 = 0.092nm$, $\omega_1 = 560cm^{-1}$ (doubly degenerate), $r_2 = 0.145nm$, and $\omega_2 = 1460cm^{-1}$. It is assumed that the partition function of the ground-state electrons is 2. The experimentally determined value of $A = 8.0 \times 10^{10}mol^{-1} \cdot dm^3 \cdot s^{-1}$.

Options:
A. $$
A=1. 8 \times1 0^{1 1} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-2 5. 0 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
B. $$
A=1. 5 \times1 0^{1 2} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-2 9. 8 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
C. $$
A=3. 4 \times1 0^{1 0} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-4 0. 1 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
D. $$
A=2. 9 \times1 0^{1 0} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-3 2. 6 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
E. $$
A=2. 7 \times1 0^{1 0} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-3 6. 1 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
F. $$
A=3. 2 \times1 0^{1 1} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-3 7. 4 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
G. $$
A=2. 0 \times1 0^{1 2} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-2 8. 0 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
H. $$
A=2. 6 \times1 0^{1 1} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-3 0. 7 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
I. $$
A=2. 5 \times1 0^{1 0} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-3 3. 2 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
J. $$
A=2. 3 \times1 0^{1 1} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{d m}^{3} \mathrm{~ s}^{-1}, \Delta_{t}^{\neq} \mathrm{S}_{m}=-3 1. 0 \mathrm{~ J \cdot K}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{m o l}^{-1}
$$
Answer: H
In nature, K contains $0.01\%^{40}K$, with $t_{1/2} = 1.28 \times 10^9$ a. If represented by Bq, Ci, and Rd respectively, how many metal potassium samples are needed for pure metal K to emit 1 Ci of radiation?

Options:
A. $$
4. 2 \times1 0^{7} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
B. $$
5. 6 \times1 0^{8} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
C. $$
2. 2 \times1 0^{10} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
D. $$
2. 7 \times1 0^{9} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
E. $$
9. 0 \times1 0^{9} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
F. $$
1. 8 \times1 0^{10} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
G. $$
3. 5 \times1 0^{9} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
H. $$
7. 7 \times1 0^{8} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
I. $$
2. 9 \times1 0^{8} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
J. $$
3. 3 \times1 0^{10} \ \mathrm{g}
$$
Answer: D
At a certain temperature, when measuring the electromigration rate of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ using the interface movement method, the interface moved $0.04 \ \mathrm{m}$ in 12.52 minutes. The distance between the electrodes in the migration tube is 0.096 m, and the potential difference is 16.0 V. What is the electromigration rate $U( {H}^{+} )$ of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$?

Options:
A. $$
2. 5 8 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
B. $$
3. 2 5 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
C. $$
2. 9 4 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
D. $$
3. 1 9 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
E. $$
3. 7 2 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
F. $$
3. 1 0 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
G. $$
4. 0 5 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
H. $$
4. 3 9 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
I. $$
3. 0 2 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
J. $$
2. 8 7 \times1 0^{-7} \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot\mathrm{V}^{-1} \cdot\mathrm{s}^{-1}
$$
Answer: D
At 298 K, a certain conductivity cell is filled with a $c(KCl) = 0.100 \, \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{dm}^{-3}$ KCl aqueous solution ($\kappa(KCl) = 1.289 \, \Omega^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{-1}$), and its resistance is measured to be $R(KCl) = 23.78 \, \Omega$. Then, the solution is replaced with a $c(CH_{3}COOH) = 0.002414 \, \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{dm}^{-3}$ $CH_3COOH$ aqueous solution, for which the resistance is measured to be $3942 \, \Omega$. It is known that $\Lambda_m^{\infty}(\mathrm{KCl}) = 0.04261 \, \Omega^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{m}^2 \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$, $\Lambda_m^{\infty}(\mathrm{NaCl}) = 0.01265 \, \Omega^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{m}^2 \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$, and $\Lambda_m^{\infty}(\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{COONa}) = 0.00910 \, \Omega^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{m}^2 \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$. What are the degree of ionization $\alpha$ and dissociation constant $K_\mathrm{a}$ of $CH_3COOH$?

Options:
A. $0.06374, 1.98 \times 10^{-5}$
B. $0.09085, 1.62 \times 10^{-5}$
C. $0.09280, 1.71 \times 10^{-6}$
D. $0.07811, 2.29 \times 10^{-5}$
E. $0.08653, 1.55 \times 10^{-6}$
F. $0.06932, 1.89 \times 10^{-5}$
G. $0.07592, 2.34 \times 10^{-6}$
H. $0.07049, 2.14 \times 10^{-5}$
I. $0.08125, 2.45 \times 10^{-5}$
J. $0.08246, 1.79 \times 10^{-5}$
Answer: J
In a mixed solution of $0.5 \operatorname{mol} \cdot kg^{-1} CuSO_{4}$ and $0.01 \operatorname{mol} \cdot kg^{-1} H_{2}SO_{4}$, Cu is plated onto Pt. If the overpotential of $H_2$ on Cu is $0.23 \mathbf{V}$, and it is known that $\phi^{\Theta} (Cu^{2+} \mid Cu) = 0.337 V$ (considering $H_{2}SO_{4}$ as undergoing primary dissociation), what is the concentration of $Cu^{2+}$ in the solution when the applied voltage increases to the point where $H_{2}$ is precipitated at the electrode?

Options:
A. $$
7 . 3 1 \times 1 0^{-1 9} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
B. $$
1 . 1 4 \times 1 0^{-2 2} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
C. $$
3 . 8 4 \times 1 0^{-2 2} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
D. $$
1. 8 2 \times1 0^{-2 0} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot\mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
E. $$
2 . 8 3 \times 1 0^{-1 9} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
F. $$
6 . 9 8 \times 1 0^{-2 0} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
G. $$
4 . 6 5 \times 1 0^{-2 3} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
H. $$
2 . 1 5 \times 1 0^{-1 8} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
I. $$
9 . 4 7 \times 1 0^{-2 1} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
J. $$
5 . 7 2 \times 1 0^{-2 0} \mathrm{~ m o l ~} \cdot \mathrm{~ k g}^{-1}
$$
Answer: D
What change in pressure is required to compress a gas under isothermal conditions to quarter of its original volume?
( set $p$ as the initial pressure of the gas )

Options:
A. $$
\left( {\frac{1} {3}} \right) p
$$
B. $$
3p
$$
C. $$
\left( {\frac{7} {4}} \right) p
$$
D. $$
\left( {\frac{3} {4}} \right) p
$$
E. $$
\left( {\frac{1} {4}} \right) p
$$
F. $$
\left( {\frac{3} {2}} \right) p
$$
G. $$
2p
$$
H. $$
\left( {\frac{1} {2}} \right) p
$$
I. $$
4p
$$
J. $$
\left( {\frac{5} {4}} \right) p
$$
Answer: D
Suppose that particles in water are subjected to an erternal force $F ( y )$ that acts in the $y$ direction. The force is related to the potential energy $E_{p} ( y )$ by $F=-d E_{p} / d y$. Neglect gravity and buoyancy effects. Apply Newton's first law to a slice of the fiuid in equilibrium. The expression for $p (y)$ is ____.

Options:
A. $$
p ( y )-p ( 0 )=\int F ( y ) C ( y ) d y.
$$
B. $$
p ( 0 )-p ( y )=\int F ( y ) C ( y ) d y.
$$
C. $$
p ( y )-p ( 0 )=\int G ( y ) C ( y ) d y.
$$
D. $$
p ( y )-p ( 0 )=\int F ( y ) E ( y ) d y.
$$
E. $$
p ( y )=p ( 0 )+\int F ( y ) H ( y ) d y.
$$
F. $$
p ( y )-p ( 0 )=-\int F ( y ) C ( y ) d y.
$$
G. $$
p ( y )+p ( 0 )=\int F ( y ) C ( y ) d y.
$$
H. $$
p ( y )-\int C ( y )=p ( 0 ) F ( y ) d y.
$$
I. $$
p ( y )-p ( 0 )=\int F ( y ) D ( y ) d x.
$$
J. $$
p ( y )-p ( 0 )=\int F ( x ) C ( y ) d y.
$$
Answer: A
Of the following objects, the one that shines most like an emission nebula shines is().

Options:
A. a candle flame flickering at night
B. a polished mirror reflecting sunlight
C. a light bulb glowing in a lamp
D. a red hot ember from a campfire
E. a glowing fluorescent light tube
F. a diamond sparkling under a light
G. a campfire burning in the woods
H. a handheld flashlight beam
I. a star like the Sun
Answer: E
Most of the carbon in our bodies originated in().

Options:
A. the gas clouds of Jupiter
B. the minerals of Earth's core
C. the atmospheres of ancient nebulae
D. the residue of dying black holes
E. the rings of a supermassive planet
F. the ice caps of comets in orbit
G. the core of a red-giant star
H. a supernova
I. the mantle of an active volcano
J. a nearby galaxy
Answer: G
Ammonia ($NH_{\mathrm{3}}$) boils at $- 3 3°C$; at this temperature it has a density of 0.81 g/cm$^{3}$. The enthalpy of formation of $\mathrm{N H}_{3} ( g )$ is -46.2 kJ/mol, and the enthalpy of vaporization of $\mathrm{N H_{3}} ( l )$ is 23.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the ΔH for the complete combustion of 1 L of liquid methanol, $CH_{\mathrm{3}}$$\mathrm{OH} ( l )$? For $CH_{\mathrm{3}}$$\mathrm{OH} ( l )$, the density at 25 °C is 0.792 g/cm$^{3}$, and $\Delta H_{f}^{\circ}$ equals -239 kJ/mol.

Options:
A. $$
\frac{1. 3 9 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L N H_{3}}}
$$
B. $$
\frac{2. 3 1 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L~ N H_{3}}}
$$
C. $$
\frac{1. 5 8 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L~ C H}_{3} \mathrm{O H}}
$$
D. $$
\frac{2. 0 5 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L~ C H}_{3} \mathrm{O H}}
$$
E. $$
\frac{1. 4 5 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L~ C H}_{3} \mathrm{O H}}
$$
F. $$
\frac{1. 2 8 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L~ N H_{3}}}
$$
G. $$
\frac{1. 7 4 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L ~C H}_{3} \mathrm{O H}}
$$
H. $$
\frac{1. 9 8 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L ~N H_{3}}}
$$
I. $$
\frac{9. 8 5 \times1 0^{3} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L~ N H_{3}}}
$$
J. $$
\frac{1. 9 1 \times1 0^{4} \, \mathrm{k J}} {\mathrm{L~ C H}_{3} \mathrm{O H}}
$$
Answer: C
Calculate the temperature $T^{\ast}$ for 50% dissociation of ( i )$^{56}$Fe into$^{4}$He and free neutrons is(), and (ii)$^{4}$ He into nucleons when$\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{g} \ \mathrm{c m}^{-3}$.

Options:
A. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=6. 7, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 3. 5
$$
B. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=1 3. 0, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 7. 1
$$
C. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=8. 9, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 6. 4
$$
D. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=1 2. 4, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 1. 7
$$
E. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=1 0. 1, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=9. 8
$$
F. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=1 4. 5, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 4. 0
$$
G. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=1 1. 2, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 0. 9
$$
H. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=9. 6, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 5. 2
$$
I. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=8. 23, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 2. 6
$$
J. $$
\rho=1 0^{9} \mathrm{~ g ~ c m^{-3} ~ : ~} T_{9}^{\star} (^{5 6} \mathrm{F e} )=7. 8, \, T_{9}^{\star} (^{4} \mathrm{H e} )=1 8. 3
$$
Answer: H
Evaluate the electron capture rate (18.4.14) numerically for extremely relativistic, degenerate electrons and freely escaping neutrinos is().
$$
\Gamma=\frac{2 \pi} {\hbar} \, \frac{G_{\mathrm{F}}^{2} C_{V}^{2} ( 1 \,+\, 3 a^{2} )} {\left( 2 \pi^{2} \hbar^{3} c^{3} \right)^{2}} I
$$

Options:
A. $$
6. 2 9 \times1 0^{-4} \frac{1} {5} \left( \frac{\mu_{e}} {m_{e} c^{2}} \right)^{5} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{p r oton^{-1}}
$$
B. $$
8. 3 2 \times1 0^{-6} \frac{2} {3} \left( \frac{E_{p}} {m_{\nu} c^{2}} \right)^{8} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{n eutron^{-1}}
$$
C. $$
1. 7 5 \times1 0^{-5} \frac{2} {6} \left( \frac{E_{\nu}} {m_{e} c^{2}} \right)^{4} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{n ucleon^{-1}}
$$
D. $$
7. 5 5 \times1 0^{-7} \frac{6} {4} \left( \frac{E_{n}} {m_{e} c^{2}} \right)^{1} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{n ucleon^{-1}}
$$
E. $$
4. 8 1 \times1 0^{-2} \frac{1} {2} \left( \frac{\mu_{e}} {m_{p} c^{2}} \right)^{3} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{p r oton^{-1}}
$$
F. $$
2. 5 4 \times1 0^{-3} \frac{1} {8} \left( \frac{E_{e}} {m_{e} c^{2}} \right)^{7} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{n eutron^{-1}}
$$
G. $$
3. 9 2 \times1 0^{-2} \frac{3} {7} \left( \frac{\mu_{n}} {m_{n} c^{2}} \right)^{6} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{e lepton^{-1}}
$$
H. $$
1. 2 0 \times1 0^{-3} \frac{9} {5} \left( \frac{\mu_{p}} {m_{p} c^{2}} \right)^{4} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{n ucleon^{-1}}
$$
I. $$
9. 4 7 \times1 0^{-4} \frac{4} {8} \left( \frac{\mu_{\nu}} {m_{p} c^{2}} \right)^{9} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{p r oton^{-1}}
$$
J. $$
5. 6 8 \times1 0^{-1} \frac{1} {9} \left( \frac{E_{e}} {m_{\nu} c^{2}} \right)^{2} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{e lepton^{-1}}
$$
Answer: A
Find the net force that the southern hemisphere of a uniformly charged sphere exerts on the northern hemisphere. Express your answer in terms of the radius $R$ and the total charge $Q$ .

Options:
A. $$
\frac{3 Q^{3}} {6 4 \pi\epsilon_{0} R^{3}}.
$$
B. $$
\frac{Q^{2}} {8 \pi\epsilon_{0} R}.
$$
C. $$
\frac{Q^{2}} {32 \pi\epsilon_{0} R^{2}}.
$$
D. $$
\frac{Q^{2}} {2 4 \pi\epsilon_{0} R^{2}}.
$$
E. $$
\frac{3 Q^{2}} {6 4 \pi\epsilon_{0} R^{2}}.
$$
F. $$
\frac{9 Q^{2}} {1 6 \pi\epsilon_{0} R^{3}}.
$$
G. $$
\frac{3 Q} {3 2 \pi\epsilon_{0} R}.
$$
H. $$
\frac{3 Q^{2}} {3 2 \pi\epsilon_{0} R^{2}}.
$$
I. $$
\frac{Q^{2}} {6 4 \pi\epsilon_{0} R^{3}}.
$$
J. $$
\frac{Q^{2}} {2 4 \pi\epsilon_{0} R}.
$$
Answer: E
The activation energy of a certain reaction is 65.7 kJ/mol. How many times faster will the reaction occur at 50°C than at 0°C?

Options:
A. $$
5 \times1 0^{1}
$$
B. $$
6 \times1 0^{1}
$$
C. $$
1 \times1 0^{1}
$$
D. $$
9 \times1 0^{1}
$$
E. $$
4 \times1 0^{1}
$$
F. $$
1 \times1 0^{2}
$$
G. $$
3 \times1 0^{1}
$$
H. $$
7 \times1 0^{1}
$$
I. $$
2 \times1 0^{1}
$$
J. $$
8 \times1 0^{1}
$$
Answer: D
Charcoal samples from Stonehenge in England were burned in $\mathrm{O_2},$ and the resultant $CO_{2}$ gas bubbled into a solution of $Ca(OH)_{2}$ (limewater), resulting in the precipitation of $CaCO_{3}$. The $CaCO_{3}$ was removed by fil- tration and dried. A 788-mg sample of the $CaCO_{3}$ had a radioactivity of $1. 5 \times1 0^{-2}$ Bq due to carbon-14. By com- parison, living organisms undergo 15.3 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. Using the half-life of car- bon-14, 5715 yr, the age of the charcoal sample is().

Options:
A. $$
3. 9 1 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
B. $$
6. 3 8 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
C. $$
4. 4 7 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
D. $$
7. 2 5 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
E. $$
5. 0 6 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
F. $$
5. 7 0 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
G. $$
1. 8 3 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
H. $$
2. 4 5 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
I. $$
2. 6 9 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
J. $$
4. 8 9 \times1 0^{3} \mathrm{~ y r}
$$
Answer: A
Cell could be used to provide a mea- sure of the pH in the cathode compartment. The pH of the cathode compartment solution if the cell emf at 298 $\mathbf{K}$ is measured to be $+ 0. 6 8 4 \mathrm{~ V}$ when $[ \mathrm{Z n}^{2+} ]=0. 3 0 \, M$ and $P_{\mathrm{H_{2}}}=0. 9 0$ atm is______.

Options:
A. 2.2
B. 1.6
C. 7.8
D. 5.0
E. 9.0
F. 3.3
G. 0.9
H. 8.1
I. 6.5
J. 4.4
Answer: B
The partial molar volumes of propanone and trichloromethane in a mixture in which the mole fraction of CHClg is 0.4693 are 74.166 cm3 moll and 80.235 cm3 moll,respectively. What is the volume of a solution of total mass 1.000 kq?

Options:
A. $$
{7 8 2. 2 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
B. $$
{8 5 7. 2 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
C. $$
{7 4 5. 8 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
D. $$
{8 2 1. 9 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
E. $$
{7 1 8. 0 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
F. $$
{8 9 3. 5 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
G. $$
{9 3 1. 6 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
H. $$
{8 8 6. 8 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
I. $$
{9 0 7. 4 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
J. $$
{9 4 5. 3 \, \mathrm{c m}^{3}}
$$
Answer: H
The vapour pressure of a sample of benzene is 53.0 kPa at 60.69C, but it fell to 51.2 kPa when 0.133 $g$ of an organic compound was dissolved in 5.00 g of the solvent. The molar mass of the compound is ().

Options:
A. $$
6 3. 9 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
B. $$
5 5. 6 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
C. $$
6 2. 1 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
D. $$
5 9. 1 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
E. $$
5 7. 3 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
F. $$
6 0. 2 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
G. $$
6 1. 5 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
H. $$
6 4. 8 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
I. $$
5 2. 4 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
J. $$
5 8. 7 \mathrm{g \ m o l}^{-1}
$$
Answer: D
Combine the reaction entropies calculated in the following reactions with the reaction enthalpies and the standard reaction Gibbs energies at 298 K is ():
$\mathrm{H C I ( g )}+\mathrm{N H_{3} ( g )} \to\mathrm{N H_{4} C I ( s )}$

Options:
A. $$
- 9 0. 7 8 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
B. $$
- 9 1. 1 4 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
C. $$
- 8 6. 9 7 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
D. $$
- 8 8. 2 4 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
E. $$
- 9 4. 5 2 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
F. $$
- 9 3. 6 0 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
G. $$
- 8 5. 3 1 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
H. $$
- 9 2. 4 5 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
I. $$
- 8 9. 8 1 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
J. $$
- 8 7. 3 9 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}
$$
Answer: B
Calculate the pH, pOH, and fraction of solute proto-nated or deprotonated in the following aqueous solutions:$2. 4 \times1 0^{-4} \, \mathrm{M}$ $CH_{\mathrm{3}}CH(OH)COOH(aq)$.

Options:
A. $$
{3. 5}
$$
$$
{10.5}
$$
$$
{0.71}
$$
B. $$
{4. 9}
$$
$$
{9.1}
$$
$$
{0.75}
$$
C. $$
{4. 1}
$$
$$
{9.9}
$$
$$
{0.65}
$$
D. $$
{5. 8}
$$
$$
{8.2}
$$
$$
{0.88}
$$
E. $$
{6. 5}
$$
$$
{7.5}
$$
$$
{0.92}
$$
F. $$
{2. 8}
$$
$$
{11.2}
$$
$$
{0.81}
$$
G. $$
{5. 2}
$$
$$
{8.8}
$$
$$
{0.69}
$$
H. $$
{4. 5}
$$
$$
{9.5}
$$
$$
{0.67}
$$
I. $$
{3. 9}
$$
$$
{10.1}
$$
$$
{0.73}
$$
J. $$
{3. 7}
$$
$$
{10.3}
$$
$$
{0.79}
$$
Answer: J
Thermodynamic data can be used to predict the solubil-ities of compounds that would be very difficult to measure directly. The solubility of mercury(ll) chloride in water at 25°C from standard Gibbs energies of formation is ( ) .

Options:
A. $$
4 . 3 1 \times1 0^{-9} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
B. $$
1. 2 5 \times1 0^{-5} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
C. $$
1 . 5 6 \times1 0^{-2} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
D. $$
7 . 0 2 \times1 0^{-7} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
E. $$
3 . 7 5 \times1 0^{-8} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
F. $$
6 . 4 7 \times1 0^{-10} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
G. $$
2 . 1 8 \times1 0^{-6} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
H. $$
8 . 9 4 \times1 0^{-3} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
I. $$
9 . 0 9 \times1 0^{-1} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
J. $$
5 . 6 3 \times1 0^{-4} \bmod d m^{-3}
$$
Answer: B
Write the cell reactions and electrode half-reactions for the following cells:
$$
\mathrm{A g ( s ) | A g N O_{3} ( a q, b_{L} ) | | A g N O_{3} ( a q, b_{R} ) | A g ( s )}
$$

Options:
A. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g^{2+} ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g^{2+} ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
B. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} ) \to A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} )}
$$
C. $$
\mathrm{A g^{2+} ( a q, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{2+} ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{2+} ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g^{2+} ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
D. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g^{+} ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g ( a q, b_{L} ) \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
E. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( s, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g ( a q )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( s, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g ( a q )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( s, b_{R} ) \to A g^{+} ( s, b_{L} )}
$$
F. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g^{+} ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
G. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g^{2+} ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
H. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} )+2e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )+2e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
I. $$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{+} ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g^{+} ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
J. $$
\mathrm{A g^{0} ( a q, b_{R} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{0} ( a q, b_{L} )+e^{-} \to A g ( s )}
$$
$$
\mathrm{A g^{0} ( a q, b_{R} ) \to A g^{0} ( a q, b_{L} )}
$$
Answer: I
A copper-siver alloy is heated to $900^oC$ and is found to consist of a and liquid phases. If the mass fraction of the liquid phase is 0.68, determine the composition of both phases, in both weight percent and atom percent.

Options:
A. 74.8at%
B. 91.7at%
C. 89.5at%
D. 95.1at%
E. 84.3at%
F. 67.2at%
G. 86.3at%
H. 78.6at%
I. 81.9at%
J. 92.4at%
Answer: D
An electrochemical cell is composed of pure copper and pure cadmium electrodes immersed in solutions of their respetive divalent ions. For a $6. 5 \times1 0^{-2}$ M concentration of $C d^{2+}$ , the cadmium electrode is oxidized, yielding a cell potential of 0.775 V. Calculate the concentration of $C u^{2+}$ ions if the temperature is 25°C.

Options:
A. $$
0. 9 9 7 \; M
$$
B. $$
0. 7 8 4 \; M
$$
C. $$
1. 0 0 5 \; M
$$
D. $$
0. 8 4 4 \; M
$$
E. $$
0. 7 1 5 \; M
$$
F. $$
0. 8 7 3 \; M
$$
G. $$
0. 6 9 2 \; M
$$
H. $$
1. 2 9 8 \; M
$$
I. $$
0. 5 4 9 \; M
$$
J. $$
0. 6 2 1 \; M
$$
Answer: B
Calculate the mean speed of $CH_{\mathrm{4}}$ molecules at (i) 79 K, (ii) 315 K, ili)1500 K.

Options:
A. $$
3 1 5 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
6 2 0 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 3 8 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
B. $$
2 9 5 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
6 8 3 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 6 2 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
C. $$
2 6 0 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
5 9 0 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 5 5 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
D. $$
2 8 7 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
5 8 0 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 7 5 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
E. $$
3 4 5 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
7 1 0 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 9 0 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
F. $$
3 5 1 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
7 5 5 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 8 5 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
G. $$
3 0 2 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
6 7 5 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 7 0 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
H. $$
3 8 9 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
7 0 1 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
2. 1 5 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
I. $$
2 7 8 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
6 0 2 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
2. 0 0 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
J. $$
3 2 3 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
6 4 5 \mathrm{m s}^{-1}
$$
$$
1. 4 1 \mathrm{k m s}^{-1}
$$
Answer: J
Calculate the work of expansion accompanying the complete combustion of 10.0 g of sucrose $( \mathrm{C}_{1 2} \mathrm{H}_{2 2} \mathrm{O}_{1 1} )$ to carbon.

Options:
A. $$
2
$$
B. $$
5
$$
C. $$
8
$$
D. $$
9
$$
E. $$
7
$$
F. $$
3
$$
G. $$
4
$$
H. $$
0
$$
I. $$
1
$$
J. $$
6
$$
Answer: H
Estimate the difference between the standard enthalpy of ionization of $\mathrm{C a ( g )}$ to $\mathrm{C a^{2+} ( g )}$ and the accompanying change in internal energy at 25°C.

Options:
A. $$
{+6. 8 9 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
B. $$
{-4. 5 0 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
C. $$
{-3. 7 8 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
D. $$
{-1. 3 4 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
E. $$
{-9. 5 6 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
F. $$
{+4. 9 6 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
G. $$
{+0. 8 4 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
H. $$
{-7. 3 2 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
I. $$
{+5. 1 2 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
J. $$
{+2. 0 6 \mathrm{~ k J ~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
Answer: F
The energy resources of glucose are of major concern for the assessment of metabolic processes. When 0.3212 g of glucose was burned in a bomb calorimeter of heat capacity 641 J $\mathrm{K}^{-1}$ the temperature rose by 7.793 K. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of glucose.

Options:
A. $$
{-1. 8 2 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
B. $$
{-1. 5 0 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
C. $$
{-1. 7 5 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
D. $$
{-1. 9 9 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
E. $$
{-1. 2 7 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
F. $$
{-1. 3 0 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
G. $$
{-1. 0 5 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
H. $$
{-1. 4 1 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
I. $$
{-1. 6 8 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
J. $$
{-1. 3 4 \mathrm{M J} \mathrm{~ m o l}^{-1}}
$$
Answer: E
A gaseous mixture of $O_{2}$ and Kr has a density of 1.104 $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}$ at 435 torr and 300 $\mathbb{K}$ What is the mole percent $O_{2}$ in the mixture?

Options:
A. $$
7 8. 8 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
B. $$
5 8. 3 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
C. $$
7 9. 2 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
D. $$
5 0. 4 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
E. $$
4 2. 7 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
F. $$
6 2. 1 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
G. $$
7 0. 1 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
H. $$
6 9. 3 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
I. $$
6 4. 9 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
J. $$
8 1. 5 \% \mathrm{O}_{2}
$$
Answer: G
The best first-degree approximation polynomial of $f(x)=\mathrm{e}^{x}$ on $[0, 1]$ is ____.

Options:
A. $$
P_{1} ( x )={\frac{3} {2}} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}^{-1}-( \mathrm{e}-3 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}-3 ) \bigr]+( \mathrm{e}-3 ) \, x
$$
B. $$
P_{1} ( x )={\frac{1} {5}} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}^{3}+( \mathrm{e}+3 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}-6 ) \bigr]-5 \, x
$$
C. $$
P_{1} ( x )={2} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}-( \mathrm{e}-1 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}+1 ) \bigr]-( \mathrm{e}+1 ) \, x
$$
D. $$
P_{1} ( x )={\frac{1} {4}} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}^{3}+( \mathrm{e}-2 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}-2 ) \bigr]-2 \, x
$$
E. $$
P_{1} ( x )={\frac{1} {2}} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}-( \mathrm{e}-1 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}-1 ) \bigr]+( \mathrm{e}-1 ) \, x
$$
F. $$
P_{1} ( x )={\frac{-1} {2}} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}+( \mathrm{e}+2 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}+2 ) \bigr]-3 \, x
$$
G. $$
P_{1} ( x )={\frac{1} {3}} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}^{2}-( \mathrm{e}+1 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}+1 ) \bigr]+( \mathrm{e}+1 ) \, x
$$
H. $$
P_{1} ( x )={3} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}-( \mathrm{e}-5 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}-5 ) \bigr]-( \mathrm{e}-5 ) \, x
$$
I. $$
P_{1} ( x )={\frac{1} {6}} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}^{2}-( \mathrm{e}-1 ) \mathrm{l n} (\mathrm{e}-4 ) \bigr]+4 \, x
$$
J. $$
P_{1} ( x )={1} \bigl[ \mathrm{e}-( \mathrm{e}+1 ) \mathrm{l n} ( \mathrm{e}-1 ) \bigr]+2 \, x
$$
Answer: E
Let
$$
A=\left[ \begin{matrix} 0.3 & 0.4 & 0.1 & 0 \\ 0.5 & 0.3 & 0.1 & 0.7 \\ 1 & 0.1 & 0.6 & 0.7 \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad{\cal B}=\left[ \begin{matrix} 0.6 & 0.1 \\ 0.5 & 0.7 \\ 0.2 & 1 \\ 0 & 0.3 \\ \end{matrix} \right],
$$
what are the values of $A \, \cdot \, B \,, A \, \cdot \, B^{c}$?

Options:
A. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ {{{0. 7}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 6}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 8}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
B. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 1}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 7}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 1}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ {{{0. 8}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
C. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 3}}} & {{{0. 1}}} \\ {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 3}}} & {{{0. 1}}} \\ {{{0. 8}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 7}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
D. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 2}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 8}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 2}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 6}}} \\ {{{0. 8}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
E. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 6}}} \\ {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 1}}} \\ {{{0. 8}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 6}}} \\ {{{0. 9}}} & {{{0. 1}}} \\ {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
F. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 7}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 6}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ {{{0. 7}}} & {{{0. 7}}} \\ {{{0. 7}}} & {{{0. 9}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
G. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ {{{0. 3}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ {{{0. 7}}} & {{{0. 1}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
H. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 2}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 2}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 8}}} & {{{0. 9}}} \\ {{{0. 7}}} & {{{0. 8}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
I. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ {{{0. 2}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 8}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 3}}} & {{{0. 6}}} \\ {{{0. 7}}} & {{{0. 4}}} \\ {{{0. 8}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
J. $$
A \cdot B=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 3}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ {{{0. 4}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ {{{0. 5}}} & {{{0. 3}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right], \quad A \cdot B^{C}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{{0. 3}}} & {{{0. 5}}} \\ {{{0. 6}}} & {{{0. 2}}} \\ {{{0. 9}}} & {{{0. 7}}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]
$$
Answer: F
The ancients proposed the method of "accumulating good deeds" to cultivate oneself. Where did this come from?

Options:
A. Xunzi put forward this in the "Encouragement to Study"
B. Confucius proposed in The Analects of Confucius
C. Lao Tzu put forward this in the Tao Te Ching
D. Han Feizi proposed in the Han Feizi
E. Sun Tzu put forward this in The Art of War
F. Mencius proposed in Mencius
G. Zhuangzi proposed in the Zhuangzi
H. Song Taizong proposed in the "Imperial Edicts"
I. Zuo Qiuming proposed in the Zuo Zhuan
J. Mozi proposed in the Mozi
Answer: A
William Jaime of Harvard University conducted a study showing that employees are able to maximize their abilities when they are fully motivated,What is the ratio?

Options:
A. 10%-20%
B. 60%-70%
C. 30%-40%
D. 50%-60%
E. 90%-100%
F. 20%-30%
G. 70%-80%
H. 40%-50%
I. 100%-110%
J. 80%-90%
Answer: J
Which of the following statements about the impact of geographical discoveries on international trade is wrong?

Options:
A. The discovery of new lands contributed to the spread of European cultural influences globally.
B. The Age of Discovery introduced the concept of "world" trade between nations.
C. The Age of Discovery spurred colonial expansion, lending a grand colonial character to global trade.
D. The introduction of new trade routes during the Age of Discovery had much impact on European economies.
E. The true meaning of international trade had not yet been established after the Age of Discovery.
F. The Age of Discovery had great influence on the development of maritime technology.
G. The Age of Discovery affected the wealth and power dynamics among European nations to some extent.
H. There was some changes in global trading patterns after the Age of Discovery.
I. The geographical discoveries led to the progressive decline of traditional trade routes such as the Silk Road.
J. After the great geographical discoveries, a world market centered around the Americas began to take shape.
Answer: J
The most fundamental reason affecting a company's short-term solvency is ( ).

Options:
A. The company's operating performance
B. The company's research and development
C. The company's market share
D. The company's asset structure
E. The company's product diversity
F. The company's management team
G. The company's equity structure
H. The company's investment strategy
I. The company's geographical location
J. The company's financing structure
Answer: A
The most prominent aspect of Machiavelli's theory is ()?

Options:
A. Link politics closely with morality
B. Separated religion from morality
C. Emphasized the importance of virtue in leadership
D. Suggested that fear is a more effective tool than love
E. Argued for the divine right of kings
F. Link Religion Closely with Morality
G. Promoted the idea of a social contract
H. Separated politics from morality.
I. Believed in the inherent goodness of human nature
J. Advocated for absolute monarchy
Answer: H
What is the most important factor in determining a person's social status?

Options:
A. Family background
B. Educational level
C. Race
D. Personal achievements
E. Geographic location
F. Occupation
G. Religious beliefs
H. Language skills
I. Networking skills
J. Physical appearance
Answer: F
Family education not only enables children to receive proper education in the family during the childhood period, but also constitutes a complete educational process with school education and social education after children enter school. What characteristics does this reflect?

Options:
A. Lifelong
B. Inclusiveness
C. Primacy
D. Individuality
E. Holistic
F. Adaptability
G. Diversity
H. Flexibility
I. Richness
Answer: A
What is the educational organization form that arranges preschool children with an age difference of more than 12 months to study, live and play in a class?

Options:
A. Mixed classes
B. Small class
C. Big class
D. Middle shift
Answer: A
What does it mean to have a strong attachment to the teacher and to be admired and recognized by the teacher?

Options:
A. Developmental milestones of infants in daycare settings
B. Academic performance indicators of students in online education
C. Physical and mental development characteristics of small class children
D. Learning styles and preferences of adult learners
E. Personality traits of children in after-school programs
F. Physical and mental development characteristics of children in large classes
G. Cognitive and behavioral characteristics of college students
H. Physical and mental development characteristics of middle class children
I. Emotional and social development traits of high school students
Answer: C
When is the primary goal of preschool education for working mothers to take care of children?

Options:
A. Pre-industrial society
B. Early industrial society
C. Post-industrial society
D. Modern society
E. Agricultural society
F. Technological society
G. The beginning of modern society
H. Industrial society
I. Information society
J. Late industrial society
Answer: B
What is the basic method of routine training for young children?

Options:
A. Repetitive drills
B. Supervision and inspection
C. Behavior training
D. Reward-based incentives
E. Group discussions
F. Demonstrate yourself
G. Individual education
H. Play-based learning
I. Independent study
J. Explanation and demonstration
Answer: C
What is the most scientific method of parenting education?

Options:
A. Self-study method
B. Storytelling technique
C. Lecture-based learning
D. Visual image method
E. Gamification approach
F. Rote memorization
G. Traditional teaching
H. Group discussion
I. Empathy Method
Answer: E
Respect for the autonomy of children's play is the concrete manifestation of ().

Options:
A. Limiting adult intervention in play
B. Encouraging teamwork among children
C. Respecting for the independence of children
D. Recognizing the diversity of children's needs
E. Fostering emotional security in children
F. Protecting the initiative of children
G. Supporting structured educational activities
H. Promoting physical health in children
I. Respecting for children's rights
J. Respecting for the personality of the child
Answer: J
In the professional qualities of preschool teachers, ( ) is the primary factor, as it is the prerequisite for early childhood education.

Options:
A. Experience in Classroom Management
B. The ability to communicate with children
C. Love and Care
D. Creativity in Lesson Planning
E. Knowledge of Educational Technology
F. Proficiency in Multiple Languages
G. Expertise in Early Childhood Development
H. Observational Skills
I. Strong Leadership Skills
J. Organizational Capability
Answer: C
The first nationwide implementation of a modern education system was______.

Options:
A. the 1902-1904 education system
B. the 1880-1882 education system
C. the 1945-1947 education system
D. the 1895-1897 education system
E. the 1850-1852 education system
F. the 1930-1932 education system
G. the 1960-1962 education system
H. the 1820-1822 education system
I. the 1920-1922 education system
J. the 1873-1875 education system
Answer: A
What are Lang Jia Na Si's representative works?

Options:
A. Of the Ideal
B. Beyond the Vision
C. On the Sublime
D. To the Threshold
E. Over the Horizon
F. Upon the Muse
G. Across the Silence
H. In the Infinite
I. Before Elation
J. Toward the Infinite
Answer: C
In 1946, whose narrative poem "Wang Guihe and Xiangxiang" became the peak of the "folk song style" new poetry?

Options:
A. Yang Hua.
B. Guo Ping.
C. Xu Lei.
D. Sun Jie.
E. Liu Fang.
F. Zhao Lin.
G. Chen Ming.
H. Zhang Wei.
I. Wang Tao.
J. Li Ji.
Answer: J
The Chinese Southern Dynasties scholar Wang Wei's work _____ is a theoretical treatise on landscape painting.

Options:
A. Aesthetic Visions.
B. Harmonies in Color.
C. Insights into Perspective.
D. Narrative on Painting.
E. Principles of Composition.
F. Essence of Landscape.
G. The Soul of Scenery.
H. The Art of Brushwork.
I. Reflections on Nature.
J. Techniques of the Ancients.
Answer: D
The lyricist of "Teach Me How Not to Think of Her" is ________.

Options:
A. Xu Zhimo
B. Liu Bannong
C. Guo Moruo
D. Shen Congwen
E. Lu Xun
F. Mao Dun
G. Chen Duxiu
H. Wen Yiduo
I. Hu Shi
J. Zhou Zuoren
Answer: B
Who is the author of Hu Qu's "Good Night"?

Options:
A. Brahms
B. Bach
C. Liszt
D. Abing
E. Mozart
F. Tchaikovsky
G. Beethoven
H. Handel
I. Chopin
J. Schubert
Answer: D
The editor of 'String Rope Preparation' is( ).

Options:
A. Zhou Wenhai
B. Pang Jiahui
C. Bai Changshan
D. Guo Peirong
E. Wang Youding
F. Rongzhai
G. Feng Jiliang
H. Chen Lingyu
I. Liu Xiangdong
J. Hua Qiuping
Answer: F
Who directed the 2017 film "The King's Avatar," based on the popular web novel?

Options:
A. Simon Lau
B. Alex Wei
C. Leo Sung
D. George Ho
E. Victor Leung
F. Henry Chui
G. Peter Yip
H. Jack Tan
I. Nathan Lin
J. Kris Yeung
Answer: J
What is the reason why most of the political parties of the Second International have gone over to the side of their governments?

Options:
A. The failure of socialist propaganda
B. The influence of anarchism
C. The decline of trade unions
D. The rise of nationalist sentiment
E. The spread of imperialist wars
F. Death of Engels
G. The collapse of the Paris Commune
H. The temptation of the monopoly bourgeoisie in all countries
I. The influence of religious institutions
J. The influence of revisionism
Answer: J
When the function $M(x, y) =$ ________, the equation $M(x, y) dx + x \sin y dy = 0$ becomes an exact equation.

Options:
A. $\varphi( x ) = \cos y$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
B. $\varphi( x ) = e^y$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
C. $\varphi( x ) = \csc y$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
D. $\varphi( x ) = \cos x$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
E. $\varphi( x ) = \sin y$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function.
F. $\varphi( x ) = \tan y$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
G. $\varphi( x ) = \sec y$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
H. $\varphi( x ) = \cot y$, where $\varphi( x )$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
I. $\varphi(x) = \sinh y$, where $\varphi(x)$ is any arbitrary continuously differentiable function
Answer: A
There is a workshop of $3 0 \times3 0 \times1 2 \mathrm{m}^{3}$ with 1.12% $C O_{2}$in the air. Now, a blower with a ventilation capacity of $1 500 0 \mathrm{m}^{3}$per minute is used to pass in fresh air containing only $0.04$% $C O_{2}$, and at the same time, the mixed air is discharged (the rate of discharge is also $1 500 0 \mathrm{m}^{3}$per minute ), ask how much the percentage of $C O_{2}$ in the workshop drops after the blower starts 10 minutes?

Options:
A. $0.3178$%
B. $0.2894$%
C. $0.3021$%
D. $0.3124$%
E. $0.3200$%
F. $0.3256$%
G. $0.2958$%
H. $0.2876$%
I. $0.3145$%
J. $0.3093$%
Answer: J
Given that the rank of quadratic form $f ( x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3} )=5 x_{2}+5 x_{2}+a x_{3}-2 x_{1} x_{2}+6 x_{1} x_{3}-6 x_{2} x_{3}$ is 2 , what is the value of $a$ ?

Options:
A. $$
a=5
$$
B. $$
a=4
$$
C. $$
a=-1
$$
D. $$
a=3
$$
E. $$
a=-4
$$
F. $$
a=-3
$$
G. $$
a=2
$$
H. $$
a=0
$$
I. $$
a=1
$$
J. $$
a=-2
$$
Answer: D
There is a circular loop (1) and a square loop (2). The diameter of the circle and the side length of the square are equal. If both carry currents of equal magnitude, what is the ratio of the magnetic field strengths at their centers $B_{1} / B_{2} $?

Options:
A. 1.33
B. 1.88
C. 1.55
D. 1.22
E. 1.11
F. 1.00
G. 1.66
H. 1.44
I. 0.90
J. 1.77
Answer: E
In the process of heating a blackbody, it is known that the peak wavelength becomes half of its original length, then the radiant exitance increases to ___ .

Options:
A. 1.16 times
B. 1.05 times
C. 0.54 times
D. 1.82 times
E. 1.32 times
F. 2.34 times
G. 1.47 times
H. 2.08 times
I. 0.89 times
J. 3.21 times
Answer: A
An electron with atomic orbital subquantum number 1 of 2 can have a magnetic quantum number m of ___.

Options:
A. Any one of the five numerical values
B. There is only one value.
C. Any three of the six numerical values
D. Any four of the nine numerical values
E. Any one of the zero numerical values
F. Any one of the three numerical values
G. Any one of the four numerical values
H. Any one number in an infinite number of values.
I. Any two of the seven numerical values
J. Any six of the ten numerical values
Answer: A
The five ions $\mathrm{A g}^{+}$, $\mathrm{Hg}^{2+}$, $\mathrm{Z n^{2+}}$, $\mathrm{F e}^{3+}$, and $\mathrm{N i^{2+}}$ can be differentiated by using only one reagent, which one?

Options:
A. $\mathrm{ H 2 S O 3 }$
B. $\mathrm{ H 2 O 2 }$
C. $\mathrm{ C a O H 2 }$
D. $\mathrm{ C H 4 O }$
E. $\mathrm{ H 2 S O 4 }$
F. $\mathrm{ H C l O }$
G. $\mathrm{ H Cl }$
H. $\mathrm{ K O H }$
I. $\mathrm{ H N O 3 }$
J. $\mathrm{ N a O H}$
Answer: J
What is the similarity between a photochemical reaction and a dark reaction?

Options:
A. Both reactions require activation energy
B. Both reactions emit photons continuously
C. Both reactions occur in the cell nucleus
D. Both reactions utilize chlorophyll
E. Both reactions involve electron transfer
F. Both reactions generate carbon dioxide
G. Both reactions use visible light absorption
H. Both reactions synthesize proteins
I. Both reactions are independent of temperature
J. Both reactions convert glucose into energy
Answer: A
In an adiabatic cylinder, there is 1 mol of an ideal gas. The initial state is \( p_{1} \), \( V_{1} \), \( T_{1} \). After a reversible expansion to \( p_{2} \), \( V_{2} \), \( T_{2} \), the changes in enthalpy and entropy for the process are respectively______.

Options:
A. \( \Delta H < 0 \,, \Delta S = 0 \)
B. \( \Delta H = 0 \,, \Delta S > 0 \)
C. \( \Delta H > 0 \,, \Delta S < 0 \)
D. \( \Delta H = 0 \,, \Delta S = 0 \)
E. \( \Delta H > 0 \,, \Delta S = 0 \)
F. \( \Delta H < 0 \,, \Delta S > 0 \)
G. \( \Delta H = 0 \,, \Delta S < 0 \)
H. \( \Delta H > 0 \,, \Delta S > 0 \)
Answer: A
If the sample is relatively complex and the distance between two adjacent peaks is too close, accurately measuring the retention values can be challenging. What method can be used for qualitative analysis?

Options:
A. Qualitative analysis using relative retention values
B. Qualitative analysis using literature retention data
C. Combined with chemical methods for qualitative analysis
D. Qualitative analysis by adding known substances to increase peak height
Answer: D
When competition is intense, how can organisms leave areas with high population density?

Options:
A. Proliferation
B. Pollination
C. Metamorphosis
D. Mimicry
E. Round up
F. Hibernation
G. Symbiosis
H. Photosynthesis
I. Camouflage
Answer: A
In a positively pressurized atmosphere, there is a circular column of air at 30° $\mathbf{N}$ with a radius of 100 km. If the initial air is stationary, what is the average tangential velocity on the perimeter when the column expands to twice its original radius?

Options:
A. 3.24m/s
B. -1.37m/s
C. -2.74m/s
D. -5.47m/s
E. -10.94m/s
F. 2.74m/s
G. -3.24m/s
H. 10.94m/s
I. -7.32m/s
J. 5.47m/s
Answer: D
The most soluble mineral among the following types of minerals is__.

Options:
A. Sulphides
B. Fluorides
C. Nitrates
D. Sulfates
E. Halides
F. Phosphates
G. Chlorides
H. Oxides
I. Carbonates
J. Silicates
Answer: E
The two basic equations of gamma ray acoustics are _____ equation and _____ equation. According to Snell's refraction law, sound always bends in the direction of _____; When the sound velocity of the medium is constant, the sound track is _____. When the sound velocity gradient of the medium is constant, the sound track is _____- and the radius of the circle is _____.

Options:
A. eikonal; wave; low speed of sound; curved path; elliptical arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \beta}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
B. wave; intensity; high speed of sound; straight path; elliptical arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \beta}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
C. intensity; wave; low speed of sound; curved path; elliptical path; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \alpha}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
D. intensity; eikonal; low speed of sound; curved track; circular arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \beta}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
E. eikonal; wave; low speed of sound; curved track; circular arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \beta}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
F. intensity; wave; high velocity of sound; curved path; circular arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \beta}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
G. eikonal; intensity; low speed of sound; straight line; circular arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \alpha}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
H. wave; eikonal; high speed of sound; straight line; circular arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \alpha}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
I. intensity; eikonal; high speed of sound; curved path; elliptical path; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \alpha}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
J. intensity; eikonal; high speed of sound; straight line; circular arc; $1 / \left| \frac{\operatorname{cos} \alpha}{c} \frac{dc}{dz} \right|$
Answer: G
In the analysis of foundation stability, when using the circular arc method, which measurement should be used for the soil's shear strength index?

Options:
A. Triaxial consolidation undrained test
B. On-site cross plate test
C. Resilience modulus flexure test
D. Direct Shear Test, Slow Shear
E. Bulk density particle distribution
F. Lateral plate load examination
G. Soil salinity conductivity measurement
H. Compressive force penetration index
I. Standard Penetration Test
J. Hydrostatic pressure balance check
Answer: A
What should a complete geological map include?

Options:
A. Drilling distribution map, plan view, and sectional view.
B. Plan view, cross-sectional view, and bar chart.
C. Distribution map of boreholes, cross-sectional diagram, and columnar chart.
D. Mapping of excavation sites, aerial view, and histogram.
E. Plan view, cross-sectional view, and line graph.
F. Plan diagram, horizontal view, and line graph.
G. Plan view, surface view, and bar chart.
H. Cross-sectional chart, elevated view, and pie chart.
I. Drilling distribution map, plan view, and bar chart.
Answer: B