MikaStars39/nano-eval huggingface dataset:
After the mid-19th century, China's economy underwent drastic changes, and market competition became increasingly fierce. Before the 1960s and 1990s, the main commodities exported by the great powers to China were __.

Options:
A. Spices and ceramics
B. Opium and woolen textiles
C. Metal industrial products and silk
D. Cotton textiles and woolen textiles
E. Opium and metal industrial products
F. Woolen textiles and ceramics
G. Opium and cotton textiles
H. Cotton textiles and tea
I. Opium and spices
J. Cotton textiles and spices
Answer: G
In 1930, the Nationalist government promulgated the Mining Law to monopolize mineral resources. The Mining Law stipulates that the types of minerals with state-owned mining rights are __.

Options:
A. More than 100
B. More than 60
C. More than 20
D. More than 50
E. More than 10
F. More than 70
G. More than 30
H. More than 90
I. More than 40
J. More than 80
Answer: D
After the 1840s, under the impact of foreign capitalist economy, China's economy has undergone profound changes. During the two Opium Wars, the goods imported by Western powers to China failed to open up the Chinese market more. The reasons are __.

Options:
A. The resistance of China's natural economy
B. The presence of powerful local merchants opposing foreign trade
C. The high tariffs imposed by the Qing government on imports
D. There was no market for foreign goods in China
E. The preference of Chinese consumers for traditional goods
F. The Qing government's foreign trade was open in name only but actually prohibited
G. The absence of a developed transportation network for foreign goods
H. The lack of Western technological advancements
I. There are too few Chinese trading ports
J. China's self-sufficiency in agriculture and industry
Answer: A
Semi-colonial and semi-feudal China is a gathering place for smuggled goods from imperialist powers. After the Anti-Japanese War, the ports with the most serious smuggling of goods were __.

Options:
A. Shanghai, Tianjin, Kowloon
B. Shanghai, Guangzhou, Kowloon
C. Tianjin, Guangzhou, Kowloon
D. Dalian, Macau, Shanghai
E. Lianyungang, Tianjin, Shenyang
F. Beijing, Xiamen, Guangzhou
G. Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou
H. Wuhan, Chongqing, Dalian
I. Nanjing, Shenzhen, Kowloon
J. Guangzhou, Qingdao, Hong Kong
Answer: A
What is the main methodology of the German New Historicism School?

Options:
A. Theoretical Deduction Method
B. Empirical Analysis Method
C. Contextual Evaluation Technique
D. Comparative Historical Approach
E. Historical Deduction Method
F. Analytical Interpretation Method
G. Systematic Historical Analysis
H. Inductive Method
I. Abstract Deduction Method
J. Historical Inductive Method
Answer: J
What are the main relationships involved in Jean-Baptiste Say's "Trinity" offensive?

Options:
A. Economic relations between capitalists, workers, and landed aristocracy
B. The relationship among the key elements of growth-economics, society, and environment.
C. The connections involving labor, property, and investment categories in financial terms.
D. The relationship between the three factors of production-labor, capital, and land-and their corresponding distributive categories
E. Economical dependency between producers, consumers, and regulators.
F. The dynamics of labor, capital, and land in terms of their investment strategies.
G. The interrelationship among the three factors of production-capital, land, and labor-in production.
H. The linkage between three resources-labor, finances, and terrain-and their respective distributive categories.
I. The connection of supply, demand, and market forces with their economic implications.
J. The Interrelationship Among Wages, Profit, and Land Rent in the Theory of Distribution
Answer: D
After the "Marginal Revolution", what is one of the most important assumptions of neoclassical economics?

Options:
A. Universal market equilibrium
B. Constant opportunity cost
C. Insufficient effective demand
D. Comparative Advantage
E. Economic Agent Assumption
F. Elastic price adjustments
G. Decreasing returns to scale
H. Unlimited resource availability
I. Perfect information symmetry
J. Monopoly Power
Answer: E
A certain number of people is the ___ of social division of labor

Options:
A. basic driving force
B. basic element
C. material subject
D. population threshold
E. social structure
F. material prerequisite
G. economic determinant
H. demographic factor
I. institutional arrangement
J. cultural framework
Answer: F
Population resources are defined as ().

Options:
A. newborn population
B. population of working age
C. student population
D. total population
E. employed population
F. immigrant population
G. retired population
H. urban population
I. rural population
J. the population seeking employment
Answer: B
According to the World Bank, what percentage of global wealth is now made up of human resources?

Options:
A. 54%
B. 65%
C. 58%
D. 84%
E. 34%
F. 64%
G. 47%
H. 44%
I. 74%
J. 55%
Answer: F
The income of a Chinese citizen working in the United States is included in China's ().

Options:
A. PDI
B. NNI
C. NI
D. GDP
E. NNP
F. NDP
G. GNI
H. GNP
I. GDI
Answer: H
Assume that the market demand curve faced by a manufacturer is Q=20/(3P) and the current price is P=2, then ().

Options:
A. The manufacturer can increase its sales revenue by raising prices
B. The manufacturer should increase production to increase profit
C. The manufacturer should focus on reducing costs instead of changing prices
D. The manufacturer should invest in advertising to boost demand
E. The manufacturer should reduce production to increase profit
F. The manufacturer should consider market expansion strategies
G. The manufacturer has achieved maximum profit at this price
H. The manufacturer can increase its sales revenue by lowering prices
I. The manufacturer should keep the price unchanged
J. The manufacturer should conduct a market survey to understand consumer preferences
Answer: I
The prices of goods X and Y rise at the same rate, while income remains unchanged. The budget line ().

Options:
A. shifts to the right without changing slope
B. moves parallel to the lower left or upper right
C. becomes flatter
D. shifts to the left without changing slope
E. moves parallel to the upper right
F. becomes steeper
G. rotates around the origin
H. moves parallel to the lower left
I. remains unchanged
J. bends to the other side
Answer: H
If the demand for a commodity is elastic, it means that a certain drop in price will lead to ().

Options:
A. Increase in buyer demand
B. Increase in the quantity of the commodity supplied
C. Decrease in the quantity of the commodity supplied
D. Decrease in buyer demand
E. Decrease in buyer's total expenditure
F. Increase in production costs
G. Decrease in sellers' total revenue
H. No change in sellers' total revenue
I. Decrease in production costs
J. Increase in sellers' total revenue
Answer: J
The basis for dividing the fiscal expenditures of Chinese governments at all levels is ( ).

Options:
A. principle of unity of financial power and administrative power
B. principle of fiscal responsibility
C. principle of equal distribution
D. balance of revenue and expenditure principle
E. principle of overall planning and ensuring key points
F. principle of centralized control
G. principle of resource allocation
H. principle of fiscal efficiency
I. principle of local autonomy
J. principle of economic growth maximization
Answer: A
What is the formula for calculating the dependence of national debt?

Options:
A. Fiscal expenditure amount of the year/public debt balance of the year
B. Public debt issuance amount of the year/GDP of the year
C. Public debt balance of the year/fiscal revenue amount of the year
D. GDP of the year/public debt balance of the year
E. Total national revenue of the year/fiscal expenditure amount of the year
F. Public debt issuance amount of the year/fiscal revenue amount of the year
G. Public debt balance of the year/fiscal expenditure amount of the year
H. Public debt issuance amount of the year/fiscal expenditure amount of the year
I. Fiscal revenue amount of the year/public debt issuance amount of the year
J. Public debt balance of the year/total national revenue of the year
Answer: H
Musgrave believes that in the entire development stage, the relationship between government investment and total investment is ().

Options:
A. The proportion of total investment continues to decline, and the proportion of government investment in GDP remains stable
B. The proportion of total investment fluctuates, and the proportion of government investment in GDP continues to decline
C. The proportion of total investment continues to rise, and the proportion of government investment in GDP continues to decline
D. The proportion of total investment remains stable, and the proportion of government investment in GDP continues to rise
E. The proportion of total investment continues to decline, and the proportion of government investment in GDP continues to decline
F. The proportion of total investment remains stable, and the proportion of government investment in GDP continues to decline
G. The proportion of total investment continues to rise, and the proportion of government investment in GDP continues to rise
H. The proportion of total investment fluctuates, and the proportion of government investment in GDP remains stable
I. The proportion of total investment remains stable, and the proportion of government investment in GDP remains stable
J. The proportion of total investment declines, and the proportion of government investment in GDP continues to rise
Answer: C
The primary principle for designing and implementing a tax system is ().

Options:
A. Tax simplicity principle
B. Tax stability principle
C. Tax efficiency principle
D. Tax progressivity principle
E. Tax compliance principle
F. Tax fairness principle
G. Tax predictability principle
H. Tax transparency principle
I. Tax cost principle
J. Tax neutrality principle
Answer: F
The current tax rate of deed tax in China is ().

Options:
A. Amplitude proportional tax rate
B. Differential tax rate
C. Incremental tax rate
D. Uniform proportional tax rate
E. Progressive tax rate
F. Set tax rate
G. Fixed tax rate
H. Sliding scale tax rate
I. Temporary tax rate
J. Variable tax rate
Answer: D
Which of the following options is used to describe fiscal spending?

Options:
A. Friedman Rule
B. Ricardian Equivalence
C. Phillips Curve
D. Crowding Out Effect
E. Wagner's Law
F. Keynesian Multiplier
G. Monetarist Theory
H. Laffer Curve
I. Ramsey Rule
J. Supply-Side Economics
Answer: E
The ratio of the total amount of national debt issued in a given year to the total amount of fiscal expenditure in that year is referred to as ( ).

Options:
A. National Economic Debt Repayment Ratio
B. Government Debt Ratio
C. Debt Sustainability Ratio
D. National Debt Burden Ratio
E. Dependence Degree of Debt
F. National Fiscal Ratio
G. Debt Repayment Ratio
H. Fiscal Debt Impact Ratio
I. Expenditure to Debt Ratio
J. National Spending Ratio
Answer: E
When taxing goods that are not easily replaced, the tax burden is shifted in the form of ( ).

Options:
A. mutual transfer from artisans to users
B. depreciation transfer
C. reversed transfer from consumers to manufacturers
D. direct transfer from exporters to importers
E. gradual transfer from producers to distributors
F. immediate transfer from suppliers to resellers
G. tax capitalization
H. direct transfer from manufacturers to consumers
I. reverse transfer from retailers to wholesalers
J. spontaneous transfer from creators to buyers
Answer: H
The classification criteria for dividing fiscal revenue into central taxes, local taxes, and central and local shared taxes are _____.

Options:
A. financial control
B. source of revenue
C. administrative authority
D. revenue allocation
E. legislative jurisdiction
F. form of revenue
G. collection power
H. government structure
I. economic sectors
J. regional designation
Answer: C
The pricing method that should be implemented for products and services in natural monopoly industries such as energy, communications, and transportation is _____.

Options:
A. Minimum cost selection method
B. "Cost-benefit" analysis method
C. Average demand pricing method
D. Public pricing method
E. Market pricing method
F. Premium service pricing method
G. Corporate pricing method
H. Economic efficiency pricing method
I. Universal cost pricing method
J. Equal distribution pricing method
Answer: D
The goal of social security is to ( ).

Options:
A. meet the basic living needs of members of society
B. establish comprehensive healthcare benefits
C. reduce taxes for low-income families
D. provide education subsidies for students
E. offer pension funds to elderly individuals
F. build affordable housing for the community
G. achieve social equity
H. eliminate poverty
I. create equal job opportunities for all
J. help special members of society who need financial assistance
Answer: A
The method of dividing the central and local revenues according to tax types to meet expenditure needs is ( ).

Options:
A. absolute division process
B. proportional distribution method
C. autonomous allotment approach
D. income classification division
E. fixed percentage allocation
F. tax sharing system
G. fixed amount remittance
H. designated revenue splitting
I. segmented assignment strategy
J. total amount division
Answer: F
Losses incurred by an enterprise in a tax year may be carried forward to subsequent years and offset by income from subsequent years, but the maximum carry-forward period shall not exceed ( ) years.

Options:
A. 25
B. 45
C. 10
D. 35
E. 50
F. 30
G. 15
H. 40
I. 20
J. 5
Answer: J
The method of repaying government bonds that can provide investors with mid-term cashing and stabilize the price of government bonds is ( ).

Options:
A. market purchase and sale repayment method
B. variable rate repayment method
C. random draw repayment method
D. bond transition repayment method
E. one-time repayment method at maturity
F. interest only repayment method
G. gradual repayment method in installments
H. fixed rate repayment method
I. full payment method at issuance
J. repayment method of replacing old with new
Answer: A
When the economy does not have severe unemployment but is experiencing significant inflation, and there is an excessive international balance surplus, with inflation caused by previous expansionary fiscal policies, the appropriate coordination of fiscal and monetary policies should be _____.

Options:
A. Unaltered fiscal policy combined with contractionary monetary policy
B. Expansionary fiscal policy combined with contractionary monetary policy
C. Contractionary fiscal policy combined with unaltered monetary policy
D. Expansionary fiscal policy combined with expansionary monetary policy
E. Unaltered fiscal policy combined with unaltered monetary policy
F. Expansionary fiscal policy combined with unaltered monetary policy
G. Contractionary fiscal policy combined with contractionary monetary policy
H. Unaltered fiscal policy combined with expansionary monetary policy
I. Contractionary fiscal policy combined with expansionary monetary policy
Answer: I
Which of the following options refers to the main components of predatory pricing theory?

Options:
A. Neoclassical Theory and Rational Choice Theory
B. Keynesian Economics and Behavioral Economics
C. Chicago School Theory and Post-Chicago School Theory
D. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Opportunity Cost
E. Market Structure and Price Fixing
F. Marxian Economics and Liberal Economics
G. Transaction Cost Economics and Network Theory
H. Supply and Demand Theory and Game Theory
I. Information Asymmetry and Asymmetric Pricing
J. Classical Economics and Austrian Economics
Answer: C
What is the formula for calculating the sensitivity coefficient?

Options:
A. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the average horizontal inverse matrix coefficient of the industry/the average horizontal inverse matrix coefficient of all industries
B. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the sum of output of the industry/the total output of all industries
C. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the total demand of the industry/the total demand of all industries
D. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the average production cost of the industry/the average production cost of all industries
E. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the input-output ratio of the industry/the input-output ratio of all industries
F. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the average vertical inverse matrix coefficient of the industry/the average vertical inverse matrix coefficient of all industries
G. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the total investment in the industry/the total investment in all industries
H. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the direct consumption coefficient of the industry/the direct consumption coefficient of all industries
I. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the average profit margin of the industry/the average profit margin of all industries
J. The sensitivity coefficient of a certain industry=the total employment in the industry/the total employment in all industries
Answer: A
When the transaction is based on the seller's samples, the seller usually backs up some samples as a basis for quality assessment in order to prevent any objections to quality in the future. These samples are called ( ).

Options:
A. Benchmark samples
B. Standard samples
C. Control samples
D. Retained Duplicate Sample
E. Equivalent samples
F. Replica samples
G. Returned Sample
H. Reference samples
I. Reserve samples
J. Test samples
Answer: D
The new trade protectionism theory emerged in the 20th century ( ).

Options:
A. 80s
B. 50s
C. 20s
D. 30s
E. 40s
F. 60s
G. 10s
H. 00s
I. 90s
J. 70s
Answer: J
In the back-to-back letter of credit business, the beneficiary of the previous letter of credit is usually () of the latter letter of credit.

Options:
A. Importer
B. Notifying bank
C. Exporter
D. Advising bank
E. intermediary
F. Drawn bank
G. Beneficiary
H. Confirming bank
I. Issuer
J. Issuing bank
Answer: I
The nature of the business for which the seller receives commission is ( ).

Options:
A. brokerage
B. wholesaling
C. underwriting
D. compensation trade
E. licensing
F. agency
G. retailing
H. merchandising
I. distribution
J. franchising
Answer: F
The correct statement about the "national treatment clause" is ( ).

Options:
A. National treatment ensures that foreign companies can operate without any restrictions in the host country.
B. The treatment given to citizens and enterprises of the contracting parties is exactly the same as that of citizens and enterprises of the country, And it cannot be more favorable than domestic enterprises
C. The imposing tariffs on goods from contracting parties about to enter the country does not violate the national treatment provisions.
D. National treatment requires that foreign investors receive better treatment than domestic investors.
E. The civil treatment, commercial treatment, and political rights of the citizens, vessels, and enterprises of the contracting parties shall not be less than the rights and privileges enjoyed by the citizens, vessels, and enterprises of the host country.
F. National treatment is a principle that applies exclusively to environmental regulations.
G. The national treatment clause mandates that foreign goods must be taxed at a higher rate than domestic goods.
H. The national treatment clause applies only to trade in services, not goods.
I. The national treatment clause is only relevant to cultural exchange agreements.
J. National treatment is not applicable to every product
Answer: C
Before the offer reaches the offeree, actions that prevent its effectiveness are the offer of ( ).

Options:
A. Invalidation
B. Postponement
C. Counter offer
D. Withdrawal
E. Deferment
F. Rejection
G. Expiration
H. Cancellation
I. Revocation
J. Suspension
Answer: D
The method of indicating the quality of goods that have special requirements in terms of shape or characteristics in color, aroma, and taste is ( ).

Options:
A. Trading Based on Grading
B. Trading Based on Evaluation
C. Trading Based on Specifications
D. Trading Based on Rank
E. Trading Based by Trademark
F. Trading Based on Samples
G. Trading Based on Standards
H. Trading Based on Certification
I. Trading Based on Verification
J. Trading Based on Inspection
Answer: F
The trade treaties and agreements that comprehensively stipulate the economic and trade relations between two countries is ( ).

Options:
A. Trade Agreement
B. Regional Trade Compact
C. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
D. Trade Protocol
E. Mutual Investment Agreement
F. Bilateral Economic Treaty
G. International Trade Pact
H. Economic Cooperation Agreement
I. Payment Agreement
J. Trade Relations Accord
Answer: C
The bill issued by the drawee, promising to pay a certain amount to the payee or holder unconditionally upon sight of the bill, is ( ).

Options:
A. Bill of Lading
B. Money order
C. Cash voucher
D. Letter of credit
E. Bill of exchange
F. Check
G. Remittance Slip
H. Promissory note
I. Transfer Order
J. Invoice
Answer: H
Regarding the withdrawal and revocation of an offer, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. Both occur after the offer takes effect
B. Both occur before the offer takes effect
C. Revocation can only occur if the offer is not in writing, while withdrawal can occur regardless of any conditions
D. Withdrawal is a type of revocation that occurs after the offer is accepted
E. Withdrawal and revocation are the same and occur at any time
F. Withdrawal can only occur after acceptance, while revocation can occur before acceptance
G. Withdrawal and revocation are both invalid if the offer is made verbally
H. Withdrawal occurs before the offer takes effect, and revocation occurs after the offer takes effect
I. Withdrawal occurs after the offer takes effect, and revocation occurs before the offer takes effect
J. Revocation requires the offeror's consent, while withdrawal does not
Answer: H
Bank draft refers to ( ).

Options:
A. Drafts where both the issuer and payer are banks
B. Drafts issued by a central bank to regulate money supply
C. Drafts where both the issuer and the payee are enterprises
D. Drafts where the issuer is a bank and the payee is an enterprise or individual
E. Drafts issued by a government agency to a bank
F. Drafts that must be backed by gold reserves
G. Drafts that require a third-party endorsement
H. Drafts used exclusively for international transactions
I. Drafts that are only valid for digital currency transactions
J. Drafts where the issuer is an enterprise and the payee is a bank
Answer: A
The number of times a transferable letter of credit can be transferred is ( ).

Options:
A. 4 times
B. Several times
C. 3 times
D. 7 times
E. 6 times
F. 10 times
G. 1 time
H. 2 times
I. 5 times
J. Unlimited times
Answer: G
Static benefits of international trade refer to the benefits obtained under () circumstances, and dynamic benefits of international trade refer to the benefits obtained through trade under () circumstances.

Options:
A. temporary; ongoing
B. immediate; evolving
C. constant productivity; variable productivity
D. indirectly through trade activities; directly through trade activities
E. fixed conditions; varying conditions
F. factors, productivity, etc. remaining unchanged; factors, productivity changing
G. Short-term; long-term
H. promoting technological progress; participating in international division of labor
I. short-run; extended period
J. unchanged scenarios; changing scenarios
Answer: F
If a country's currency exchange rate is consistently overvalued, what often happens?

Options:
A. foreign exchange supply decreases, foreign exchange demand increases, and international balance of payments deficit
B. foreign exchange supply decreases, foreign exchange demand increases, and international balance of payments surplus
C. foreign exchange supply increases, foreign exchange demand decreases, and international balance of payments surplus
D. foreign exchange supply remains stable, foreign exchange demand decreases, and international balance of payments deficit
E. foreign exchange supply increases, foreign exchange demand increases, and international balance of payments deficit
F. foreign exchange supply remains stable, foreign exchange demand fluctuates, and international balance of payments equilibrium
G. foreign exchange supply decreases, foreign exchange demand remains stable, and international balance of payments surplus
H. foreign exchange supply increases, foreign exchange demand decreases, and international balance of payments equilibrium
I. foreign exchange supply increases, foreign exchange demand decreases, and international balance of payments deficit
Answer: A
Under which of the following monetary systems are the exchange rates of various countries floating?

Options:
A. European Monetary Union
B. Basket Currency System
C. Fixed Exchange Rate System
D. Dollarization
E. Pegged Exchange Rate System
F. Jamaica System
G. Gold Standard
H. Currency Board Arrangement
I. Bretton Woods System
J. Managed Float System
Answer: F
Assuming that there are 2 billion yuan in cash in circulation, 10 billion yuan in deposits, 3 billion yuan in reserves in an economy, and the legal deposit reserve ratio is 0.2, then the excess deposit reserves and money multiplier held by commercial banks in the economy are ().

Options:
A. 2 billion and 2.4
B. 1.5 billion and 2.8
C. 2 billion and 3.5
D. 1 billion and 2
E. 2 billion and 1.6
F. 500 million and 2.2
G. 1 billion and 3.3
H. 1 billion and 2.4
I. 3 billion and 1.8
J. 500 million and 3.0
Answer: H
A government borrows from its residents to solve temporary needs. This form of credit is ().

Options:
A. commercial credit
B. consumer credit
C. community support
D. national credit
E. municipal funding
F. public loan
G. state advances
H. bank credit
I. federal reserves
J. domestic investment
Answer: D
Optional trading is developed on the basis of (), which is more flexible than it.

Options:
A. spot foreign exchange trading
B. forward foreign exchange trading
C. derivative financial instruments
D. commodity trading
E. international equity markets
F. flexible exchange regimes
G. swap foreign exchange trading
H. overseas bond trading
I. currency futures trading
J. foreign exchange option trading
Answer: B
Whether the total social demand is reasonable depends on ()

Options:
A. Whether the total social supply is reasonable
B. Whether the inflation rate is controlled
C. Whether the trade deficit is reduced
D. Whether the money supply is reasonable
E. Whether the interest rates are low
F. Whether the commodity demand is reasonable
G. Whether the commodity supply is reasonable
H. Whether the employment rate is stable
I. Whether the government spending is balanced
J. Whether the consumer confidence is high
Answer: D
Financial innovation can be divided into ( ).

Options:
A. technology-driven and financial management
B. product innovation and service innovation
C. credit expansion and liquidity management
D. organic growth and strategic acquisition
E. regulatory evasion and risk avoidance
F. consumer-focused and investor-focused
G. institutional innovation and system innovation
H. domestic-driven and international-driven
I. transaction-based and asset-based
J. market-driven and government-driven
Answer: J
Among the following behaviors, which one is the currency that performs the circulation method?

Options:
A. Depositing into a bank savings account
B. Paying rent
C. Paying interest at the bank
D. Buying gold
E. Paying wages
F. Paying the bill for a meal
G. Installment payment
H. Settling loan payments
I. Paying tuition fees
J. Donating to charity
Answer: F
Which of the following descriptions of convertible bonds is correct?

Options:
A. allow conversion into shares of stock at a fixed price
B. a combination of ordinary bonds and futures
C. a combination of ordinary bonds and options
D. typically have a higher interest rate than regular bonds
E. are issued exclusively by government entities
F. are redeemable at the issuer's discretion only
G. provide no voting rights to the bondholder
H. the right to convert belongs to the issuer
I. can only be converted during specific market conditions
J. same as ordinary bonds
Answer: C
The non-bank public sells bonds to the central bank for 10,000 yuan and deposits the resulting banknotes into a commercial bank. The central bank () 10,000 yuan, and the commercial bank () 10,000 yuan.

Options:
A. assets decrease; liabilities decrease
B. liabilities decrease; liabilities increase
C. liabilities decrease;liabilities decrease
D. assets decrease; assets increase
E. liabilities increase; liabilities increase
F. assets increase; liabilities decrease
G. liabilities increase; assets decrease
H. liabilities decrease; assets increase
I. assets increase; liabilities increase
J. assets increase; assets decrease
Answer: I
The change of currency ratio mainly depends on the behavior of ().

Options:
A. government regulations
B. international trade agreements
C. interest rate policies
D. stock market fluctuations
E. the general public
F. inflation rates
G. foreign investment levels
H. central Bank
I. commercial banks
Answer: E
The Basel Accord divides banks into different levels of capital, and the basis for the division is ( ).

Options:
A. The profitability of capital
B. The feasibility of capital
C. The flexibility of capital
D. The structure of capital
E. The growth of capital
F. The permanence of capital
G. The risk of capital
H. The liquidity of capital
I. The origin of capital
J. The publicity of capital
Answer: F
A company has a debt of 20 million yuan, a par value of 40 million yuan, a market value of 80 million yuan, and an annual operating income of 4 million yuan. The company's debt-to-asset ratio is ( ).

Options:
A. 20%
B. 50%
C. 35%
D. 60%
E. 37.5%
F. 30%
G. 45%
H. 40%
I. 25%
J. 33.33%
Answer: J
A piece of equipment with a book value of 60,000 and a current market value of 50,000. If the income tax rate is 25%, the opportunity cost of using the equipment is ( ).

Options:
A. 53,000
B. 48,000
C. 51,000
D. 50,000
E. 49,500
F. 54,500
G. 55,000
H. 52,500
I. 57,500
J. 62,500
Answer: H
In economic development, we should try to avoid _____.

Options:
A. finite unemployment
B. transitional unemployment
C. global unemployment
D. natural unemployment
E. structural unemployment
F. immediate unemployment
G. technological unemployment
H. seasonal unemployment
I. frictional unemployment
J. cyclical unemployment
Answer: E
The non-equilibrium theory believes that the market price does not have sufficient ().

Options:
A. volatility ratio
B. temporal fluctuation
C. constant variation
D. predictable outcome
E. rigidity
F. static effect
G. financial stability
H. dynamic effect
I. strategic influence
J. elasticity
Answer: J
The value of a worker in the labor market depends on all supply and demand factors that affect the margin ().

Options:
A. cost
B. employment rate
C. wage level
D. productivity
E. market size
F. economic conditions
G. investment growth
H. profit rate
I. revenue
J. job security
Answer: D
The economist who proposed that "in production, labor is not an additional factor of capital, and there is a direct substitution relationship between labor and capital" is ().

Options:
A. Alfred Marshall
B. David Ricardo
C. Adam Smith
D. Clark
E. John Maynard Keynes
F. Paul Samuelson
G. Leon Walras
H. Margall
I. Carl Marx
J. Thomas Malthus
Answer: D
Fringe benefits include ().

Options:
A. legal social insurance payments and third-party administered benefits and bonuses
B. legal social insurance payments and in-kind payments
C. legal social insurance payments and external contractor bonuses
D. illegal social insurance payments and in-kind payments
E. legal social insurance payments and self-determined allowances and benefits of the enterprise
F. legal health insurance payments and societal bonuses
G. legal personal insurance payments and flexible benefits
H. legal social insurance payments and employee-negotiated benefits and bonuses
I. deferred payments and self-determined allowances and benefits of the enterprise
J. legal social insurance payments and deferred payments
Answer: E
Labor mobility will definitely cause ().

Options:
A. reduction in salaries across all industries
B. regional labor surplus
C. permanent employment in current locations
D. at a certain time, employee satisfaction and efficiency significantly decrease
E. global financial stability across nations
F. at a certain time, the market producers and operators are more flexible in their choices
G. regional employment pressure
H. immediate job satisfaction for all workers
I. regional jobs creation only in technology sector
J. excessive social burden
Answer: F
"Unemployment has obvious peaks and troughs and is not evenly distributed throughout the year." This is a description of seasonal unemployment regarding ().

Options:
A. employment responsibility
B. economic conditions
C. regularity characteristics
D. industry characteristics
E. geographical characteristics
F. limited duration of unemployment
G. intensity levels of jobs
H. workforce capability
I. contractual periods
J. demographic factors
Answer: C
Assuming that the wage drops from $10 to $9 and the labor demand increases from 8 hours to 10 hours, the labor demand elasticity is equal to ().

Options:
A. 3.0
B. 1.5
C. 3.5
D. 2.0
E. 2.5
F. 1.8
G. 2
H. 1.0
I. 0.5
J. 0.4
Answer: E
The peak of youth labor mobility is ().

Options:
A. 32 to 34 years old
B. 15 to 18 years old
C. 25 to 28 years old
D. 22 to 24 years old
E. 19 to 20 years old
F. 18 to 21 years old
G. 27 to 30 years old
H. 35 to 40 years old
I. 40 to 45 years old
J. 30 to 35 years old
Answer: D
The rate of return on investment in human capital is the discount rate at which the present value of expected returns on investment in human capital ().

Options:
A. is lower than the future value of investments
B. matches the future value of expected returns
C. is less than the present value of expected costs
D. is greater than the present value of expected costs
E. is higher than the present value of returns
F. exceeds the future value of expected costs
G. equals bank interest.
H. equals the present value of future costs
I. equals the present value of future earnings
J. equals the present value of expected costs
Answer: J
The smaller the elasticity of capital supply, the faster its price rises, then ().

Options:
A. The lower the degree of capital substitution for labor, the greater the impact on labor demand
B. The greater the elasticity of labor supply, the less volatile the wage levels
C. The higher the degree of capital substitution for labor, the greater the impact on labor demand
D. The smaller the quantity of capital accumulation, the more stable the employment rate
E. The higher the degree of capital substitution for labor, the smaller the impact on labor demand
F. The smaller the elasticity of labor supply, the less volatile the wage levels
G. The more rapid the depreciation of capital, the less pronounced the effect on productivity
H. The lower the degree of capital substitution for labor, the smaller the impact on labor demand
I. The greater the quantity of capital accumulation, the more stable the employment rate
J. The less rapid the depreciation of capital, the less pronounced the effect on productivity
Answer: H
The actual labor force resources are equal to ().

Options:
A. total adult population minus those not seeking employment
B. total workforce minus those who have quit looking for work
C. all adults minus those who have lost their ability to work
D. those who have the ability to work minus those who have lost their ability to work
E. potential workforce minus those who have chosen not to seek jobs
F. all citizens of working age minus those temporarily unemployed
G. potential labor force minus those who have lost their ability to work
H. labor pool minus individuals who are not currently employed
I. potential labor force minus those who have the ability to work but cannot or are unwilling to work
J. working-age adults minus those currently in full-time education
Answer: I
Marx's theory of "how capital accumulated by labor in turn oppresses labor" is _____.

Options:
A. theory of the working class
B. dialectical materialism framework
C. theory of capitalist labor cycles
D. capital oppression cycle theory
E. alienation theory of labor accumulation
F. labor commodification process theory
G. theory of historical development dynamics
H. surplus value theory of labor markets
I. labor exploitation theory
J. economic determinism model of labor
Answer: E
Extensive economic growth is also called ().

Options:
A. three-dimensional growth
B. effective output growth
C. elevated resource growth
D. expansive income growth
E. breadth growth
F. enhanced sector growth
G. deep growth
H. extended wealth growth
I. multi-dimensional growth
J. extreme market growth
Answer: E
Becker's representative work is ().

Options:
A. "Economic Analysis of the Family"
B. "The Industrial Revolution and Families"
C. "The Sociology of Market Behavior"
D. "Investment in Human Capital"
E. "The Exploitation of the Works of Nature"
F. "Economic Policy and Household Fitness"
G. "Economic Frameworks in Domestic Life"
H. "General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money"
I. "Modern Perspectives on Family Roles"
J. "Family Dynamics in Economic Systems"
Answer: A
In a complete system of simultaneous equations containing G endogenous variables, when the identified order conditions are
$$
\mathrm{M-N_{i} < G-1}
$$
(M is the total number of endogenous and predetermined variables in the system of joint equations, and $$N_{i}$$ is the total number of endogenous and predetermined variables in the i-th equation), then it is denoted that ().

Options:
A. The ith equation is completely identified.
B. The ith equation generates predictable results.
C. The ith equation produces dual solutions.
D. The ith equation is over-identified.
E. The ith equation has redundant terms.
F. The ith equation has a unique statistical form.
G. The ith equation identifies exactly
H. The ith equation is unrecognizable.
I. The ith equation can be closely approximated.
J. The ith equation displays equivalent outcomes.
Answer: H
What is the sampling organization method for calculating the sampling average error based on the data of inter-group variance?

Options:
A. Judgmental Sampling
B. Quota Control Sampling
C. Simple Random Sampling
D. Mechanical Sampling
E. Multi-Stage Sampling
F. Type Sampling
G. Convenience Sampling
H. Cluster Sampling
I. Systematic Interval Sampling
J. Stratified Random Sampling
Answer: H
Estimate the model with a set of samples with n observations
$$
\mathbf{Y}_{\mathrm{i}}=\beta_{1} \mathbf{X}_{\mathrm{1 i}}+\beta_{2} \mathbf{X}_{\mathrm{2 i}}+\mu_{\mathrm{i}}
$$
Afterwards, a t-test for the significance of $$β_{1}$$ is performed at significance level α. The condition for $$β_{1}$$ to be significantly non-zero is that its statistic is greater than or equal to ().

Options:
A. $$\mathrm{t}_{\alpha} \ ( \mathrm{n}-2 )$$
B. $$\mathrm{t}_{\alpha/ 2} \ \ ( \mathrm{n}-\mathrm{k}-5 )$$
C. $$
\mathrm{t}_{\alpha/ 2} \ ( \mathrm{n}-2 )
$$
D. $$
\mathrm{t}_{a} \ ( \mathrm{n}-\mathrm{k}-1 )
$$
E. $$\mathrm{t}_{\alpha/ 2} \ \ ( \mathrm{n}-\mathrm{k}+1 )$$
F. $$
t_{a} \ ( n-2 )
$$
G. $$
\mathrm{t}_{\alpha/ 2} \ \ ( \mathrm{n}-\mathrm{k}-1 )
$$
H. $$\mathrm{t}_{\alpha} \ ( \mathrm{n}-\mathrm{k}-3 )$$
I. $$\mathrm{t}_{\alpha/ 2} \ \ ( \mathrm{n}-\mathrm{k}-2 )$$
J. $$\mathrm{t}_{\alpha} \ \ ( \mathrm{n}-\mathrm{k}-1 )$$
Answer: G
If the true model is a simple linear regression model with the explanatory variable $X_{1}$, but an unrelated variable $X_{2}$ is included in the model during the modeling process, then the least squares estimate of the slope parameter().

Options:
A. Still possesses consistency and minimum variance, but does not have the property of unbiasedness.
B. Still possesses unbiasedness and consistency, but does not have the property of minimum variance.
C. Does not possess consistency and minimum variance, but retains the property of maximum variance.
D. Lacks consistency and minimum variance, but retains the property of unbiasedness.
E. Lacks unbiasedness and consistency, but still possesses the minimum variance property.
F. Still possesses unbiasedness, consistency, and minimum variance properties
G. Does not possess unbiasedness, consistency, and minimum variance properties.
H. Does not possess unbiasedness, consistency, and the property of minimum variance.
I. Does not possess consistency, but maintains unbiasedness and minimum variance.
J. Still possesses unbiasedness and minimum variance, but lacks consistency.
Answer: B
Divide the subjects of the investigation into several categories, and then randomly select a number of units from each category for observation. This is called ( ).

Options:
A. Systematic Sampling
B. Randomized Block Sampling
C. Stratified Sampling
D. Proportional Sampling
E. Pure random sampling
F. Equidistant Sampling
G. Type Sampling
H. Hierarchical Sampling
I. Multistage Sampling
J. Cluster Sampling
Answer: G
Assuming the weights corresponding to the sign values are reduced by 1/10, then the arithmetic mean is ().

Options:
A. Unchanged
B. Increased by ten percent
C. Reduced by one percent
D. Increased by one percent
E. Decreased by ten percent
F. Halved
G. Unable to determine
H. Doubled
I. Decreased by five percent
J. Expanded tenfold
Answer: A
The relationship between Y and X is Y = -2X + 3, and the correlation coefficient between Y and X is ().

Options:
A. -0.5
B. -0.75
C. 0.5
D. -3
E. -2
F. -1
G. 2
H. 0
I. 1
J. -1.5
Answer: F
Compared to 2015, a certain mall's merchandise sales revenue increased by 17% in 2016, and the sales volume increased by 19%. Therefore, the percentage change in sales price is ().

Options:
A. 3.4%
B. 0.5%
C. 1.8%
D. - 2.0%
E. 2.1%
F. - 1.7%
G. - 1.8%
H. 0.8%
I. 1.7%
J. 1.2%
Answer: F
Each box contains 20 glass cups, with probabilities of having 0, 1, and 2 defective cups being 0.8, 0.1, and 0.1, respectively. A customer randomly selects a box and then randomly takes 4 glass cups from the box. If there are no defective cups, the customer buys the box; otherwise, they do not. Calculate the probability that the customer will buy the box.

Options:
A. 0.732
B. 0.753
C. 0.689
D. 0.658
E. 0.807
F. 0.899
G. 0.921
H. 0.872
I. 0.943
J. 0.775
Answer: I
Grotius believed that sovereignty should be held in the hands of ( )?

Options:
A. Nobility
B. Corporations
C. Local governments
D. Ethnicity
E. Monarch
F. Religious institutions
G. People
H. Military leaders
I. Academic elites
J. International organizations
Answer: E
Dworkin, based on his critical analysis of positivist legal theory and the theory of legal rules, proposed ()?

Options:
A. Theory of Legal Obligations
B. Principles of Legal Positivism
C. Legal Constructivism Theory
D. Theory of Legal Interpretation
E. Theory of Legal Rights
F. Legal Realism Theory
G. Principles of the Rule of Law
H. Theory of Judicial Discretion
I. Theory of Legal Precedents
J. Legal Principles Theory
Answer: J
The principle adopted by Chinese marriage and family law regarding divorce is ()

Options:
A. Principle of Cohabitation
B. Principle of Fault
C. Principle of Legal Separation
D. Principle of Irreconcilable Differences
E. No Mediation Principle
F. Principle of Amicable Settlement
G. Principle of Relationship Breakdown
H. Principle of Custody Agreement
I. Principles of Marriage Breakdown
J. Principle of Mutual Consent
Answer: I
Who is the proposer of the social development concept "From Identity to Contract"?

Options:
A. Kant
B. Weber
C. Durkheim
D. Marx
E. Mein
F. Comte
G. Hegel
H. Bentham
I. Savigny
J. Spencer
Answer: E
The ___ and ___ in environmental rights are indivisible.

Options:
A. basic rights; obligations
B. fundamental benefits; constraints
C. standard laws; responsibilities
D. elementary regulations; commitments
E. primary responsibilities; privileges
F. central freedoms; mandates
G. initial conditions; rules
H. essential constraints; duties
I. primary tenets; requirements
J. key privileges; expectations
Answer: A
How many participating countries were there in the "Paris Convention of Aeronautics" signed in Paris in 1919? How many articles does the full text contain?

Options:
A. 30,41
B. 27,44
C. 26,43
D. 25,42
E. 23,46
F. 28,47
G. 24,40
H. 29,49
I. 22,45
J. 31,48
Answer: C
The method of amending and perfecting certain parts of the constitution through constitutional amendments is one way to modify the constitution. In which year did China start using this method?

Options:
A. 1990
B. 1992
C. 1981
D. 1986
E. 1978
F. 2004
G. 1979
H. 1982
I. 1975
J. 1988
Answer: J
Which is correct about the division of powers between the NPC and the NPC Standing Committee?

Options:
A. The National People's Congress decides on military strategies, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress manages national defense assignments
B. The National People's Congress finalizes foreign treaties, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress ratifies those foreign treaties
C. The National People's Congress approves education policies, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress approves curriculum changes
D. The National People's Congress approves regional laws, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress approves amendments to these laws
E. The National People's Congress determines taxation policies, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress regulates fiscal
F. The NPC decides on the establishment of special administrative regions, and the NPC Standing Committee decides on their social system
G. The National People's Congress approves the state budget, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress approves some adjustment plans for the state budget
H. The National People's Congress handles defense appropriations, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress handles local defense maneuvers
I. The National People's Congress approved the construction of autonomous regions, and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress approved the construction of autonomous counties
J. The NPC decides the selection of the Premier of The State Council, and the NPC Standing Committee decides the selection of the vice Premier of The State Council
Answer: G
Judicial personnel who knowingly grant a reduction of sentence, parole, or temporary release to a prisoner who does not meet the required conditions, shall be sentenced for which of the following?

Options:
A. Crime of dereliction of duty by judicial personnel
B. Crime of dereliction of duty for personal gain
C. Crime of abuse of power for personal gain
D. Crime of corruption by public administration personnel
E. Crime of breach of justice by judicial staff
F. Crime of abuse of power for personal gain by judicial personnel
G. Crime of excessive authority by judicial personnel
H. Crime of power misuse by governmental officials
I. Crime of abuse of power for personal gain by administrative law enforcement personnel
J. Crime of unauthorized release by judicial workers
Answer: F
Under Chinese law,A was eager to inherit his father's property and wanted to kill his father. One rainy night, he took advantage of his father's serious illness and wanted to inject him with poison. Just as he picked up the syringe, he heard a thunder and the syringe fell to the ground. He thought that killing his father was a great rebellion and would be punished by heaven, so he gave up the killing behavior. A's behavior belongs to ().

Options:
A. Not a crime
B. Preparation for murder
C. Self-defense murder
D. Unintentional harm
E. Aborted murder
F. Discontinued crime
G. Premeditated murder
H. Voluntary manslaughter
I. Attempted murder
J. Accidental killing
Answer: E
In situations where an individual is sentenced for multiple crimes concurrently and additional penalties are levied for these crimes, it is required that these supplementary penalties still be enforced. Specifically, the execution of these additional penalties should be applied to ().

Options:
A. Absorption principle
B. Reduction principle
C. Conjunction principle
D. Addition principle
E. Multiplication principle
F. Restriction aggravation principle
G. None of the above answers are correct
H. Subtraction principle
I. Exemption principle
J. Diversion principle
Answer: D