MikaStars39/nano-eval huggingface dataset:
Which country has enacted an air navigation Act authorizing the Secretary of State to prohibit flights over specified areas? This is the first national legislative practice concerning sovereignty over airspace.

Options:
A. United States
B. United Kingdom
C. Germany
D. Ireland
E. France
F. Canada
G. Australia
Answer: B
Which of the following statements about forest engineering are correct? I. Hopkins' phenological law states that for every 1° of latitude moved northward in temperate zones of North America, the development of plants in spring and early summer (phenological period) will be delayed by 5 days each. II. Among the various relationships between light and plant morphology, the special adaptation of plants to dark environments produces the phenomenon of yellowing. III. The most commonly used Raunkiaer life form classification system in ecology is mainly based on the height of dormant buds of plants in unfavorable growing seasons. IV. Any relatively discrete event that destroys the structure of an ecosystem, community or population and changes the effectiveness of the resource matrix or the physical environment is called destruction in ecology. V. In the same-age forest of light-loving tree species, there is often a lack of seedlings and saplings of the same species under the forest, and they are often replaced by other tree species after one generation. This population is called a declining population. VI. In Hutchinson's niche view, the niche of plants can be divided into four types, indicating that in a biological community, the theoretical maximum space that can be inhabited by a certain species is called the actual niche.

Options:
A. I, II, III, IV
B. II, III, V
C. I, II, III, VI
D. I, III, IV, VI
E. I, III, V
F. I, II, IV, V
G. II, IV, VI
H. I, IV, VI
I. I, II, III, V
Answer: B
What is the relationship between planetary equilibrium temperature and orbital radius?

Options:
A. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt[3]{R_{orbit}^{1.25}}$
B. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt[3]{R_{orbit}^{0.75}}$
C. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt[3]{R_{orbit}^{1.75}}$
D. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt[3]{R_{orbit}^2}$
E. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt[3]{R_{orbit}^{1.5}}$
F. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt[4]{R_{orbit}}$
G. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt[3]{R_{orbit}}$
H. $T_{planet} \propto 1/R_{orbit}$
I. $T_{planet} \propto 1/\sqrt{R_{orbit}}$
Answer: I
The area of two parallel metal plates is (S), the distance between them is (d) ((d) is very small), and they carry charges (+q) and (-q) respectively. The space between the two plates is a vacuum. The force between the two plates is calculated by the following formula:

Options:
A. (F=qleft(frac{q}{4pivarepsilon_{0}d^{2}}right))
B. (F=qleft(frac{q}{4varepsilon_{0}S^2}right))
C. (F=qleft(frac{q}{3varepsilon_{0}S}right))
D. (F=qleft(frac{q}{varepsilon_{0}S}right))
E. (F=qleft(frac{q}{2varepsilon_{0}d}right))
F. (F=qleft(frac{q}{2varepsilon_{0}S}right))
G. (F=qleft(frac{q}{4varepsilon_{0}S}right))
H. (F=frac{q}{2}left(frac{q}{4pivarepsilon_{0}d^{2}}right))
I. (F=qleft(frac{q}{4varepsilon_{0}d}right))
J. (F=qleft(frac{q}{varepsilon_{0}d}right))
Answer: F
For a vapor compression chiller and a direct-fired absorption chiller with the same temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the chilled water and cooling water, and the same cooling capacity, if the COP of the former is 5 and the COP of the latter is 1.2, and the primary energy is natural gas, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. The primary energy efficiency of the compression chiller is 3.33 times higher than that of the absorption chiller
B. The primary energy efficiency of the compression chiller is higher than that of the absorption chiller
C. The primary energy efficiency of the absorption chiller is 40% higher than that of the compression chiller
D. The primary energy efficiency of the compression chiller is 2.5 times higher than that of the absorption chiller
E. The primary energy efficiency of the compression chiller is 2.08 times higher than that of the absorption chiller
F. The cooling water temperature of both the compression chiller and the absorption chiller cannot be too low, and their minimum cooling water temperatures are the same
G. The primary energy efficiency of the absorption chiller is 60% lower than that of the compression chiller
H. The chilled water flow rate of the compression chiller is greater than that of the absorption chiller
I. The primary energy efficiency of the absorption chiller is higher than that of the compression chiller
Answer: B
To complete a separation task, the number of theoretical plates required is N=7 (including the reboiler). If the efficiency ET=50%, then the actual number of plates in the tower is ( ).

Options:
A. 13 layers
B. 10 layers
C. cannot be determined
D. 12 layers
E. 13.5 layers
F. 14 layers
G. 14.5 layers
H. 11 layers
I. 15 layers
J. 16 layers
Answer: D
Regarding the off-design operating conditions of multi-stage compressors, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. When the air flow suddenly decreases, the characteristic is surge in the rear stages.
B. When the corrected speed is less than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front surge rear vortex'; when the corrected speed is greater than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front vortex rear surge'.
C. When the flow angles of all stages are positive, the characteristic is full surge; when the flow angles are all negative, the characteristic is full vortex.
D. For the flow characteristic curve, when the flow decreases (i.e., the operating point moves up), the work of the compressor increases.
E. When the corrected speed is less than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front vortex rear vortex'; when the corrected speed is greater than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front surge rear vortex'.
F. When the corrected speed is less than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front vortex rear vortex'; when the corrected speed is greater than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front surge rear surge'.
G. When the corrected speed is less than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front vortex rear vortex'; when the corrected speed is greater than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front vortex rear surge'.
H. When the corrected speed is less than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front vortex rear vortex'; when the corrected speed is greater than the design corrected speed, the characteristic is 'front vortex rear vortex'.
Answer: B
Assuming the reference input signal y0(t)=1, the disturbance signal w(t)=exp(-t)+cos2t (exp() is the exponential function), and the controlled object is a 2-input 4-dimensional linear time-invariant system, how many feedback parameters need to be determined in the error-free tracking system?

Options:
A. 12
B. 9
C. 16
D. 14
E. 8
F. 18
G. 15
H. 10
I. 17
J. 13
Answer: E
A cubical Gaussian surface surrounds a long, straight, charged filament that passes perpendicularly through two opposite faces. No other charges are nearby. Through how many of the cube's faces is the electric flux zero?

Options:
A. 5
B. 6
C. 0
D. 8
E. 4
F. 2
G. 1
H. 3
Answer: F
For a colored solution that conforms to the Lambert-Beer law, when the concentration is c, the transmittance is T. When the concentration is doubled, the logarithm of the transmittance is ()

Options:
A. (lgT) + 2lg2
B. 2T
C. T/2
D. (lgT)/2
E. (lgT)/4
F. lg(2T)
G. (lgT)/2 + lg2
H. (lgT) + lg2
I. 2lgT
Answer: I
An electron is positioned at rest 1 meter from a positively charged Van de Graaff generator. If the electron somehow moves to a separation of 2 meters from the Van de Graaff (and left at rest), how does the electron's potential energy change?

Options:
A. it stays the same
B. it doubles
C. it no longer exists
D. it decreases
E. it halves
F. it triples
G. it is doubled
H. it quadruples
I. it increases
Answer: I
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, what strong measures did the Western capitalist countries, led by the United States, take against China?

Options:
A. political isolation
B. ideological isolation
C. military isolation
D. diplomatic sanctions
E. military threat
F. cultural infiltration
G. economic sanctions
H. economic isolation
I. economic blockade
J. ideological suppression
Answer: A
When a medium is present, we introduce the electric displacement vector and magnetic field strength in addition to the original electric field strength and magnetic induction. Why was magnetic induction not initially called magnetic field strength? Besides historical reasons, can we see any clues from the equations of static magnetic fields?

Options:
A. Yes, because the equations of static magnetic fields have the same structure as those of electrostatic fields.
B. Yes, because magnetic induction is a vector source produced by charge density, which is different from the property of electric field strength being a scalar source produced by current density.
C. Yes, because magnetic induction is a scalar source produced by current density, which is different from the property of electric field strength being a vector source produced by charge density.
D. No
E. Yes, because magnetic induction is a vector source produced by current density, which is different from the property of electric field strength being a scalar source produced by charge density.
F. Yes, because the Maxwell's equations for magnetic media without conduction currents and residual magnetism only become equivalent to the Maxwell's equations for dielectric media when magnetic field strength, magnetic induction, and permeability are respectively replaced by electric field strength, electric displacement, and dielectric constant.
G. Yes, because magnetic induction is a scalar source produced by charge density, which is different from the property of electric field strength being a vector source produced by current density.
Answer: E
China is rich in mountain pepper essential oil, and its main component, citral A, can be used to synthesize industrially valuable ionone, with the first step being the conversion of citral A to pseudo-ionone. Which of the following methods can achieve this reaction in one step?

Options:
A. Michael addition
B. Grignard reagent
C. aldol condensation
D. Claisen condensation
E. aldol reaction
F. Claisen-Schmidt reaction
G. Wittig reagent
H. Claisen-Schmidt condensation
Answer: C
A 65-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with sudden chest tightness and dyspnea for 10 hours. She has a 12-year history of hypertension and a 5-year history of diabetes. Physical examination: BP 160/90 mmHg, sitting up breathing. Bilateral lungs with widespread moist rales and scattered wheezing. Heart rate 128 beats per minute, regular rhythm, no murmurs heard in all valve areas. ECG shows: ST segment elevation in leads V1-V4. Arterial blood gas analysis: pH 7.35, PaO2 71 mmHg, PaCO2 40 mmHg. The most likely cause of the patient's current dyspnea is:

Options:
A. Bronchial asthma
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Acute coronary syndrome
D. Pulmonary embolism
E. Acute left heart failure
F. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
G. Acute myocardial infarction
H. Acute right heart failure
I. Acute pericarditis
J. Acute coronary syndrome with pulmonary edema
Answer: G
According to the Huygens-Fresnel principle, if the wavefront of light at a certain moment is known to be S, then the light intensity at a point P in front of S is determined by the:

Options:
A. sum of the coherent superpositions of amplitudes
B. sum of the coherent superpositions of intensities
C. sum of the amplitudes of vibration
D. coherent superposition of intensities
E. coherent superposition of the squares of amplitudes
F. sum of the coherent superpositions of vibrations
G. sum of the light intensities
H. coherent superposition of vibrations
I. square of the sum of the amplitudes of vibration
J. coherent superposition of amplitudes
Answer: H
Which of the following integrals is not an improper integral?

Options:
A. $$
\int_0^1 \frac{1}{x^2 + 2} \, dx
$$
B. $$
\int_0^1 \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} \, dx
$$
C. $$\int_0^1 { { 1 \over { { x^2}}}dx}$$
D. $$\int_0^2 { { 1 \over { { (1 - x) }^2}}dx} $$
E. $$\int_0^1 { { 1 \over { { x^2} + 3}}dx}$$
F. $$\int_0^1 { { 1 \over { { x^2} + 4}}dx}$$
G. $$\int_0^1 { { 1 \over { { x^2} + 1}}dx}$$
H. $$\int_0^1 { { 1 \over { { x^2} - 1}}dx}$$
I. $$\int_0^1 { { x \over { \sqrt {1 - {x^2}} }}dx}$$
J. $$\int_0^1 { { 1 \over { { x^2} + 5}}dx}$$
Answer: B
To observe a set of black and white lines with a line width of 1 micron and a period of 2 microns on a resolution chart and record its image using a computer, if a green LED with a central wavelength of 532 nm is used for illumination and a CCD detector with a pixel size of 7.4 microns is used for detection, according to the Rayleigh criterion, which of the following objective parameters should be selected to resolve this set of lines in the captured image? Note that resolving the line pairs on the image requires that the images of adjacent black lines are at least 1 pixel apart.

Options:
A. 15x/0.35NA
B. 40x/0.65NA
C. 25x/0.45NA
D. 10x/0.25NA
E. 25x/0.42NA
F. 25x/0.40NA
G. 20x/0.45NA
H. 60x/0.85NA
I. 30x/0.40NA
J. 25x/0.43NA
Answer: F
For the foam fire extinguishing system, after the foam liquid arrives at the site, samples need to be taken and retained for future testing. For situations where a larger amount of foam liquid is used, it needs to be sent to a qualified testing unit for testing. Which of the following foam liquids need to be tested?

Options:
A. High-expansion foam liquid with a minimum reserve of 0.5t or more
B. 6% low-expansion foam liquid with a design usage of 6.5t or more
C. 6% synthetic medium-expansion foam liquid with a minimum reserve of 2.0t or more
D. 6% low-expansion foam liquid with a design usage of 6.8t or more
E. 3% low-expansion foam liquid with a design usage of 3.5t or more
F. 6% low-expansion foam liquid with a design usage of 7.0t or more
G. 6% low-expansion foam liquid with a design usage of 7.2t or more
H. 6% low-expansion foam liquid with a design usage of 7.5t or more
I. 6% protein medium-expansion foam liquid with a minimum reserve of 2.5t or more
J. 6% low-expansion foam liquid with a design usage of 7.1t or more
Answer: F
The most prominent and primary viewpoint of Marxist philosophy is ( )

Options:
A. the perspective of eternal development of things
B. the perspective of dialectical materialism
C. the perspective of the material basis of practice
D. the perspective of practice
E. the perspective of contradiction
F. the perspective of the material basis of society
G. the perspective of universal interconnection of things
H. the perspective of historical materialism
Answer: D
Two long straight wires are placed parallel in the air, each with a radius of 6 cm, and the distance between their axes is 20 cm. A voltage of 1000V is applied between the wires. If the midpoint between the axes of the two long straight wires is taken as the origin of coordinates, then the potential at point (1, 1) is

Options:
A. -36.7V
B. -37.2V
C. -46.5V
D. -36.4V
E. -35.9V
F. -36.1V
G. -36.9V
H. 18.9V
I. 28.6V
J. -35.2V
Answer: D
There are two containers A and B with different volumes, A contains helium, and B contains oxygen. If the pressure of the two gases is the same, then the relationship between the internal energy per unit volume ((E/V)_mathrm{A}) and ((E/V)_mathrm{B}) of the two gases is

Options:
A. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} = 1.5((E/V)_mathrm{B})
B. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} = 0.9((E/V)_mathrm{B})
C. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} < (E/V)_mathrm{B})
D. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} = (E/V)_mathrm{B})
E. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} = 0.75((E/V)_mathrm{B})
F. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} > (E/V)_mathrm{B})
G. Cannot be determined
H. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} = 0.5((E/V)_mathrm{B})
I. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} = 2((E/V)_mathrm{B})
J. ((E/V)_mathrm{A} = 0.85((E/V)_mathrm{B})
Answer: C
In chronic respiratory acidosis, which of the following cannot play a compensatory role?

Options:
A. Heart
B. Lung
C. Plasma bicarbonate buffer system
D. Intracellular and extracellular ion exchange
E. Plasma protein buffer system
F. Liver
G. Kidney
H. Hemoglobin buffer system
Answer: B
Which of the following equations is not a first-order linear differential equation?

Options:
A. $$( y' + 2xy' - y = 0 )$$
B. $$( y' + xy = {x^2} )$$
C. $$( xy' + y = {x^2}{e^{ - x}} )$$
D. $$( y'^2 + 2xy' - y = 0 )$$
E. $$( y' + 2xy = x^3 )$$
F. $$( {y'^2} + xy' - y = 0 )$$
G. $$( y' + x^2y' - y = 0 )$$
H. $$( y' = {x^2}{y} )$$
I. $$( 2{x^2}yy' = {y^2} )$$
J. $$( y' + xy' - 2y = 0 )$$
Answer: F
A 40-year-old male patient has recurrent upper abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, and belching, often experiencing pain half an hour to two hours after meals. Gastroscopy reveals a round, 2 cm diameter excavated defect on the lesser curvature of the antrum near the pylorus, with neat margins, a flat bottom, and surrounding mucosal folds radiating towards the defect. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is

Options:
A. chronic duodenitis
B. chronic gastritis
C. chronic gastric ulcer with antral involvement
D. gastric ulcer
E. chronic gastric erosion with antral involvement
F. chronic gastric erosion
G. duodenal ulcer with antral involvement
H. malignant ulcer of the stomach (ulcerative type gastric cancer)
I. duodenal ulcer with gastric involvement
J. duodenal ulcer
Answer: D
An employee started working in 2015, and in 2019, the monthly salary before tax was 30000 yuan, with a monthly deduction of 5000 yuan, and special deductions for "three insurances and one fund" were 4500 yuan. The employee enjoys two special additional deductions for children's education and supporting the elderly, totaling 2000 yuan. There are no income or tax reductions, etc. The personal income tax to be pre-withheld and pre-paid in January 2019 is ( ) yuan.

Options:
A. 525
B. 565
C. 333
D. 575
E. 585
F. 535
G. 555
H. 545
I. 444
J. 666
Answer: G
A 55-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with abdominal distension and pain for 5 days, which worsened in the past day. Five days ago, the patient developed abdominal distension and pain without obvious cause, with cessation of flatus and defecation. The symptoms worsened in the past day, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. She has been previously healthy. Physical examination: T 38.2°C, P 129 beats/min, R 27 breaths/min, BP 75/50 mmHg. She is conscious but appears lethargic. The abdomen is distended with tenderness, rebound tenderness, and muscle tension, more pronounced in the right lower quadrant. Laboratory tests: WBC 22.6×109/L, neutrophil ratio 91.7%. Ultrasound shows free fluid in the abdomen, and erect abdominal X-ray shows free gas under the diaphragm, suggesting acute intestinal obstruction, bowel perforation, and diffuse peritonitis. Echocardiography shows an ejection fraction of 42%. Which of the following is NOT related to the patient's reduced cardiac ejection fraction?

Options:
A. reduced ventricular afterload
B. reduced coronary blood flow
C. excessive ventricular afterload
D. increased ventricular afterload
E. endotoxin-induced myocardial injury
F. increased myocardial oxygen consumption
G. increased ventricular preload
H. reduced ventricular preload
I. excessive ventricular preload
Answer: I
A parallel plate capacitor is known to have a plate area of (S), and the distance between the two plates is (d) ((d) is much smaller than the linear dimension of the plate), filled with air. When the two plates carry charges (pm Q), the magnitude of the force (F) between the two plates is:

Options:
A. (Large{frac{Q^2}{varepsilon _0 d^2}})
B. (Large{frac{Q^2}{4pivarepsilon _0 d^2}})
C. (Large{frac{Q^2}{4varepsilon _0S}})
D. (Large{frac{Q^2}{varepsilon _0S}})
E. (Large{frac{Q^2}{4varepsilon _0S^2}})
F. (Large{frac{Q^2}{varepsilon _0 d S}})
G. (Large{frac{Q^2}{2varepsilon _0 d S}})
H. (Large{frac{Q^2}{2varepsilon _0S}})
I. (Large{frac{Q^2}{varepsilon _0S^2}})
J. (Large{frac{Q^2}{4varepsilon _0 d S}})
Answer: H
For A→B→C (stable), assuming only A exists at t=0, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is twice that of B.
B. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is equal to that of B
C. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is half that of B.
D. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is not equal to that of B.
E. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is equal to the decay constant of C.
F. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is less than that of B
G. The activity of B is determined solely by the decay constant of B
H. There is always a moment when a daughter reaches its maximum activity.
I. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is greater than that of B
J. The maximum activity of the daughter is reached only when the decay constant of A is three times that of B.
Answer: H
The 'Pingfa Atlas' is applicable to the design of construction drawings for cast-in-place concrete frame, shear wall, frame-shear wall, and frame-supported shear wall main structures in regions with non-seismic and seismic fortification intensity of ( ) degrees, for seismic resistance grades one to four.

Options:
A. 5, 6, 7, 8
B. 5, 6, 8, 9
C. 6, 7, 8, 9
D. 5, 7, 8, 9
E. 5, 7, 8
F. 5, 6, 7, 9
G. 6, 7, 8
H. 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
I. 7, 8, 9
J. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Answer: C
Prolonged APTT and normal PT are most commonly seen in ()

Options:
A. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the common coagulation pathway
B. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the intrinsic and fibrinolytic coagulation pathways
C. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the fibrinolytic pathway
D. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways
E. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the contact activation pathway
F. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the intrinsic coagulation pathway
G. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the extrinsic coagulation pathway
H. bleeding disorders caused by defects in the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways
I. the presence of anticoagulant substances in the circulation
J. various thrombosis and hemostasis changes in the compensatory stage
Answer: F
In a constant electric field, the total current flowing into or out of a closed surface is equal to ( ).

Options:
A. zero
B. the rate of change of the total charge with time multiplied by the inverse of the dielectric constant
C. the rate of change of the total charge with time multiplied by the dielectric constant
D. the rate of change of the total charge with time divided by the electric field strength
E. the total charge enclosed by the closed surface
F. the rate of change of the total charge with time divided by the dielectric constant
G. the rate of change of the total charge with time multiplied by the electric field strength
H. the rate of change of the total charge with time
I. the product of the total charge enclosed by the closed surface and the dielectric constant
J. the ratio of the total charge enclosed by the closed surface to the dielectric constant
Answer: A
An employee of a company often receives two orders from above, which are sometimes even contradictory. Which of the following statements points out the most essential cause of this phenomenon?

Options:
A. The company's organizational design violates the principle of unified command
B. The company's organizational design has a lack of clear communication channels
C. The company adopts a functional structure in organizational design
D. The company has the problem of overstepping command in organizational operations
E. The company's organizational design has multiple command chains with overlapping authority and responsibility
F. The company's organizational design has multiple command chains without clear hierarchy
G. The company's organizational design has multiple command chains with unclear hierarchy
H. The company's organizational level design is too complex
I. The company's organizational design has a lack of clear authority and responsibility demarcation
J. The company's organizational design has unclear role definitions and responsibilities
Answer: A
The width-to-thickness ratio of the steel beam sections that form a composite beam should, in principle, comply with which design criterion for steel structures subjected to bending?

Options:
A. Plastic and Strain-hardening Design
B. Strain-hardening Design
C. Elastic and Strain-hardening Design
D. Elastic and Plastic and Strain-hardening Design
E. Elasto-plastic Design
F. Elastic Design
Answer: E
Acetone contains a small amount of 2-propanol. The method to separate 2-propanol is ( )

Options:
A. React with sodium borohydride and hydrolyze under acidic conditions
B. React with carbonyl reagent and hydrolyze the precipitate under acidic conditions
C. React with saturated sodium bisulfite and hydrolyze the precipitate under neutral conditions
D. React with Fehling's reagent and filter the precipitate
E. React with LiAlH4 and hydrolyze under acidic conditions
F. React with saturated sodium bisulfite and hydrolyze the precipitate under acidic conditions
G. React with potassium bisulfite and hydrolyze the precipitate under acidic conditions
H. React with saturated potassium bisulfite and hydrolyze the precipitate under basic conditions
Answer: F
Which is not necessary to be satisfied for the reciprocal two-port network?

Options:
A. $$
G_{12} = G_{21}
$$
B. $$
R_{12} = R_{21}
$$
C. $$
T_{12} = -T_{21}
$$
D. $$
H_{12} = -H_{21}
$$
E. $$
T_{12} = T_{21}
$$
F. $$
T_{12} = 3 T_{21}
$$
G. $$
T_{12} = \frac{3}{2} T_{21}
$$
H. $$
T_{12} = 2 T_{21}
$$
I. $$
T_{12} = \frac{1}{3} T_{21}
$$
J. $$
T_{12} = \frac{1}{2} T_{21}
$$
Answer: E
Which of the following modern medical practitioners broke through the limitation of "avoiding fire needle on the face" proposed by predecessors, believing that the face is not an absolute no-needle zone and can also use fire needle according to the needs of the condition?

Options:
A. Shi Huaitang
B. Wu Yiluo
C. Chen Shigong
D. Wu Yilun
E. He Puren
F. Wu Huailuo
G. Chen Huaitang
Answer: E
A 25-year-old male patient has had alternating diarrhea and constipation for 3 years, with 4-6 episodes of diarrhea per day, the stool being pasty and occasionally bloody. The patient is from an area endemic for schistosomiasis and has a history of exposure to contaminated water. Physical examination reveals: underweight, liver 3 cm below the xiphoid process, spleen 1.5 cm below the costal margin, negative for shifting dullness. Blood tests show: white blood cells 4.2×10^9/L, neutrophils 0.6, lymphocytes 0.35, eosinophils 0.05, platelets 89×10^9/L, stool microscopy shows 3-5 white blood cells per high-power field, and schistosome eggs are still negative. The most likely diagnosis for this condition is

Options:
A. Intestinal tuberculosis
B. Chronic amoebiasis
C. Chronic intestinal schistosomiasis without eosinophilia
D. Chronic intestinal schistosomiasis with eosinophilia
E. Chronic intestinal schistosomiasis
F. Amoebic colitis
G. Bacterial dysentery
H. Acute schistosomiasis
I. Chronic schistosomiasis
J. Advanced schistosomiasis
Answer: I
A 60-year-old female has had swelling of the left upper posterior gingiva and discomfort on biting for 2 weeks. One year ago, she had a history of pain from cold and hot stimuli and night pain, but did not receive treatment. Examination: The palatal gingiva of tooth 26 is swollen, with a fistula pointing in the direction of the root apex. The probing depth (PD) at the central point on the palatal side is 8mm, and the PD at the other points on the buccal side (mesial, central, distal) is 4-5mm. Percussion (-), cold (-). The most likely diagnosis for this tooth is ( )

Options:
A. Chronic periapical abscess
B. Chronic periodontal disease
C. Chronic periapical abscess with gingival fistula
D. Periodontal-endodontic lesion
E. Marginal gingivitis
F. Furcation involvement
G. Chronic periapical abscess with periodontal involvement
H. Acute interdental papillitis
I. Chronic periapical abscess with periodontal pocket
J. Chronic periapical abscess with gingival fistula and periodontal pocket
Answer: D
A child with nephrotic syndrome suddenly develops abdominal pain, gross hematuria, and renal failure. The most likely complication in this child is:

Options:
A. acute interstitial nephritis
B. acute renal artery thrombosis
C. acute renal vein thrombosis
D. acute glomerulonephritis
E. acute tubular necrosis
F. renal vein thrombosis
G. acute renal vein occlusion
H. hyponatremia
I. acute renal failure
J. urinary tract infection
Answer: F
A simple harmonic transverse wave propagates along the (Ox) axis. If the distance between points (P_1) and (P_2) on the (Ox) axis is (lambda/8) (where (lambda) is the wavelength of the wave), then during the propagation of the wave, the vibration velocities of these two points are

Options:
A. sometimes equal in magnitude but in opposite directions
B. always in the same direction
C. always equal in magnitude but sometimes in the same direction and sometimes in opposite directions
D. sometimes equal in magnitude but always in the same direction
E. always equal in magnitude but in opposite directions
F. sometimes in the same direction, sometimes in opposite directions
G. sometimes equal in magnitude and direction
H. always in opposite directions
I. always equal in magnitude and direction
J. never equal in magnitude
Answer: F
The span of a certain overhead line is 300m, the line length is 350m, the height difference is 40m, the stress at the lowest point is σ=25MPa, and the specific load under a certain meteorological condition is γ=32.251*10-3MPa/m. Using the inclined parabolic formula for calculation, the horizontal distance from the lowest point to the high suspension point is ()m.

Options:
A. 49.678
B. 48.678
C. 47.678
D. 46.178
E. 48.178
F. 235.653
G. 252.322
H. 52.478
I. 50.428
J. 46.678
Answer: C
In the compaction test of a certain cohesive soil sample, the water contents of 5 soil samples were 14.7%, 16.5%, 18.4%, 21.8%, and 23.7%, and the corresponding dry densities were 14.2, 15.9, 16.6, 16.1, and 14.5 kN/m3, respectively. The optimal water content of the soil sample is ( ), and the maximum dry density is ( ). If the specific gravity of soil particles Gs=2.70, then the saturation at the peak point of the compaction curve is ( ), and the void ratio is ( ).

Options:
A. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 79.0%; 0.627
B. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 80.0%; 0.627
C. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 80.5%; 0.627
D. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 79.8%; 0.627
E. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 79.5%; 0.627
F. 18.3%; 16.5kN/m3; 77.6%; 0.636
G. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 81.0%; 0.627
H. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 78.9%; 0.627
I. 18.6%; 17.1kN/m3; 86.7%; 0.579
J. 18.4%; 16.6kN/m3; 79.3%; 0.627
Answer: J
Sensitivity coefficient and critical point are two important indicators in sensitivity analysis. Which of the following statements about the sensitivity coefficient and critical point are correct?

Options:
A. The smaller the sensitivity coefficient of an uncertain factor, the higher the sensitivity of the project benefit to this factor
B. The larger the sensitivity coefficient of an uncertain factor, the higher the sensitivity of the project benefit to this factor
C. The larger the sensitivity coefficient of an uncertain factor, the lower the sensitivity of the project benefit to this factor
D. The larger the sensitivity coefficient of an uncertain factor, the lower the impact of the project benefit to this factor
E. The sensitivity coefficient is the ratio of the project benefit indicator to the uncertain factor
F. The level of the critical point is related to the set benchmark return rate
G. The higher the critical point of an uncertain factor, the greater its impact on the project benefit indicator
Answer: B
In the article "The Chinese Communist Party's Views on the Current Situation" published in June 1922, it is believed that the root cause of China's internal and external troubles is ( )

Options:
A. Imperialist influence and domestic warlordism
B. Imperialist influence and warlord politics
C. Economic backwardness
D. Imperialist influence and warlord conflict
E. Backward systems and culture
F. Foreign intervention and domestic corruption
G. Imperialist aggression and warlord politics
H. Unable to distinguish between friends and enemies
I. Imperialist influence and domestic corruption
J. Imperialist influence and warlord dominance
Answer: G
The most important in treating acute interdental papillitis is:

Options:
A. apply systemic anti-inflammatory drugs and local analgesics
B. local use of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs
C. thoroughly remove the cause of the disease
D. eliminate acute inflammation
E. remove local irritants
F. apply systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs
G. apply systemic antibiotics and local analgesics
H. apply systemic antibiotics and analgesics
I. apply local antibiotics and analgesics
J. apply systemic anti-inflammatory drugs and local antibiotics
Answer: E
Which of the following statements about the selection principles for NOx emission control technologies in coal-fired units are correct?

Options:
A. For new large-scale coal-fired units, flue gas denitrification technology should preferably use selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR)
B. Selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR) has much higher fixed investment and operating costs than selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR), so for small-scale coal-fired units, flue gas denitrification technology should prioritize SNCR
C. For new large-scale coal-fired units, flue gas denitrification technology should preferably use selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR) combined with selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR)
D. Due to the low efficiency of low NOx combustion technology (LNB), new coal-fired units generally do not choose it but prioritize flue gas denitrification technology
E. For in-service coal-fired units using poor quality fuels such as bituminous coal or lignite, flue gas denitrification technology generally prioritizes SNCR
F. For new large-scale coal-fired units, flue gas denitrification technology should preferably use selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR)
G. For new large-scale coal-fired units, flue gas denitrification technology should preferably use a combination of selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR)
H. For in-service coal-fired units using poor quality fuels such as bituminous coal or lignite, flue gas denitrification technology generally prioritizes SCR
I. For new large-scale coal-fired units, flue gas denitrification technology should preferably use selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR) combined with low NOx combustion technology (LNB)
J. For new large-scale coal-fired units, flue gas denitrification technology should preferably use selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR) combined with low NOx combustion technology (LNB)
Answer: F
For the 4-node rectangular element in plane, the displacement field function is ______, and the strain field function is ______.

Options:
A. complete linear function - cross term function, incomplete linear function + cross term function
B. complete linear function + cross term function, complete linear function
C. complete linear function, incomplete linear function
D. complete linear function, complete linear function + cross term function
E. complete linear function + cross term function, complete linear function + cross term function
F. complete linear function, complete linear function
G. complete linear function - cross term function, incomplete linear function
H. complete linear function + cross term function, complete linear function - cross term function
I. complete linear function + cross term function, incomplete linear function
J. complete linear function - cross term function, complete linear function + cross term function
Answer: I
There is a mutant strain of E. coli that, when grown in a medium containing both glucose and lactose, exhibits high levels of expression of the lac operon. This mutant strain is most likely to have:

Options:
A. CAP has mutated, resulting in its reduced activity even in the absence of cAMP
B. lacZ mutation
C. The repressor protein of the lac operon has a reduced affinity for the operator due to a mutation in CAP
D. CAP has mutated, resulting in its activity even in the absence of cAMP
E. The adenylate cyclase that catalyzes cAMP synthesis has lost its activity
F. CAP has mutated, resulting in its increased activity only in the presence of cAMP
G. The repressor protein of the lac operon has lost its activity due to mutation
H. The repressor protein of the lac operon has a reduced affinity for the operator due to mutation
I. CAP has mutated, resulting in its activity only in the presence of glucose
J. CAP has mutated, resulting in its reduced activity even in the presence of cAMP
Answer: D
Regarding the general characteristics of compressors, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. As long as the axial Mach number at the compressor inlet and the tangential Mach number of the first stage rotor blade remain unchanged, the flow state within the compressor is similar.
B. The similarity criterion for the operating state of geometrically similar compressors is that the flow similarity parameter and the power similarity parameter are equal, respectively.
C. The similarity criterion for the operating state of geometrically similar compressors is that the flow similarity parameter and the density similarity parameter are equal, respectively.
D. The similarity criterion for the operating state of geometrically similar compressors is that the flow similarity parameter and the temperature similarity parameter are equal, respectively.
E. The similarity criterion for the operating state of geometrically similar compressors is that the flow similarity parameter and the speed similarity parameter are equal, respectively.
F. The similarity criterion for the operating state of geometrically similar compressors is that the flow similarity parameter and the rotational speed similarity parameter are equal, respectively.
G. The similarity criterion for the operating state of geometrically similar compressors is that the flow similarity parameter and the efficiency similarity parameter are equal, respectively.
H. For two compressors to be similar, the corresponding physical quantities at corresponding points must be equal.
I. The converted parameters are obtained based on a certain state, which is usually the local atmospheric conditions.
J. The similarity criterion for the operating state of geometrically similar compressors is that the flow similarity parameter and the pressure similarity parameter are equal, respectively.
Answer: E
There are $N$ numbers that can be represented as the product as three distinct divisors of
$3333^{3333}.$
Find the last three digits of $N.$

Options:
A. 941
B. 944
C. 945
D. 947
E. 949
F. 948
G. 942
H. 946
I. 940
J. 943
Answer: B
Two circles $\omega_1,\omega_2$ radius $28,112$ respectively intersect at $P,Q$ . $A$ is on $\omega_1$ and $B$ on $\omega_2$ such that $A,P,B$ are collinear. Tangents to $\omega_1,\omega_2$ at $A,B$ respectively meet at $T$ . Suppose $\angle AQT=\angle BQT=60^{\circ}.$ The length of $TQ$ can be expressed in the form $a\sqrt{b}$ where $a,b$ are positive integers and $b$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $a+b.$

Options:
A. 109
B. 101
C. 107
D. 105
E. 103
Answer: C
Suppose $f$ is a function defined over the real numbers that only outputs real numbers, where for all real numbers $x$ and $y$ the following conditions hold:
$$$f(1 - x^2) = 1 - x^2$$$
$$$f(x^2 + y^2 + 2)- f(x^2 + 1)f(y^2 + 1) = f(x^2 + 1) + f(y^2 + 1)$$$
$$$f(y^2) \ge 0$$$
Then $\sum^8_{n=0} f\left(n - \frac12 \right)$ can be written as $a\sqrt{b}- c$ , where $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ are positive integers and $b$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $a + b + c$ .

Options:
A. 251
B. 257
C. 269
D. 267
E. 265
F. 253
G. 261
H. 255
I. 259
J. 263
Answer: J
Let $T_n$ be defined by
$$$T_n :=\sum^{n-1}_{i=1} \left\lfloor \frac{i}{n - i} \right\rfloor.$$$
where $\lfloor x \rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to $x$ . Compute $T_{2009} - T_{2005}$ .

Options:
A. 29
B. 27
C. 26
D. 20
E. 22
F. 23
G. 25
H. 24
I. 28
J. 21
Answer: H
Let $f$ be a function defined along the rational numbers such that $f(\tfrac mn)=\tfrac1n$ for all relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$ . The product of all rational numbers $0<x<1$ such that
$$f\left(\dfrac{x-f(x)}{1-f(x)}\right)=f(x)+\dfrac9{52}$$
can be written in the form $\tfrac pq$ for positive relatively prime integers $p$ and $q$ . Find $p+q$ .

Options:
A. 210
B. 213
C. 209
D. 215
E. 217
F. 211
G. 214
H. 212
I. 216
J. 207
Answer: C
Let $0<a<b<c<d<e<f<g$ be a geometric sequence of integers. Let $\star(x)$ denote the number of divisors of $x$ . For example, $\star(6)=4$ because $1$ , $2$ , $3$ , and $6$ are the divisors of $6$ . If $\star(a)=7$ , $\star(g)=13$ , and $d-c=432$ , then find $b$ .

Options:
A. 972
B. 976
C. 971
D. 978
E. 973
F. 974
G. 977
H. 975
I. 979
J. 970
Answer: A
Find the number of integers $n$ with $2 \le n \le 1000$ for which
$$\prod_{k = 1}^{n - 1} \left(\tan \frac{k \pi}{2n} + \tan \frac{(n - k) \pi}{2n} \right)$$
is an integer.

Options:
A. 7
B. 9
C. 14
D. 8
E. 15
F. 10
G. 12
H. 11
I. 6
J. 13
Answer: B
Find the moment of inertia of the figure bounded by the arc of the semicircle $x^2 + y^2 = 9$, $y > 0$ relative to the x-axis.

Options:
A. 243/12 * pi
B. 243/14 * pi
C. 243/15 * pi
D. 243/11 * pi
E. 243/20 * pi
F. 243/7 * pi
G. 243/18 * pi
H. 243/8 * pi
I. 243/16 * pi
J. 243/10 * pi
Answer: H
Call the value of $[\log_2 1] + [\log_2 2] + [\log_2 3] + ....[\log_2 64]$ as $\alpha$ .
Let the value of $[\log_2 1] + [\log_2 2] + [\log_2 3] + ....[\log_2 52]$ as $\delta$ .
Find the absolute value of $\delta - \alpha$ .
Note: $[x]$ means the ceiling function, the smallest integer greater than or equal to $x$ .

Options:
A. 74
B. 73
C. 75
D. 70
E. 76
F. 72
G. 71
Answer: F
In exercise physiology, which combination correctly identifies the substance that recovers the fastest after exercise? Consider the following substances:
I. PCr (Phosphocreatine)
II. Muscle glycogen
III. Oxyhemoglobin
IV. Triglycerides
Select the option that correctly describes the fastest recovering substance.

Options:
A. II and III
B. I
C. III
D. II
E. I and II
F. II and IV
G. I and III
H. IV
I. I and IV
J. III and IV
Answer: C
Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the pH range of natural water and its significance for element migration and precipitation in aqueous media? Consider the following statements:
I. The pH of natural water typically varies within the strongly acidic to strongly alkaline range (pH 1-14), which has a minor impact on element migration and precipitation because most elements can remain in a dissolved state over this broad pH range.
II. The pH of natural water generally falls within the weakly acidic to weakly alkaline range (pH 4-9), which significantly affects the migration and precipitation behavior of elements because under different pH conditions, elements may exist in different chemical forms, thus influencing their solubility and precipitation tendency.
III. The pH of natural water is mostly concentrated in the near-neutral range (pH 6-8), which has almost no impact on element migration and precipitation because the chemical form of elements does not change with pH.
IV. The pH of natural water typically fluctuates between extremely acidic and extremely alkaline (pH 2-12), which has a significant impact on element migration and precipitation, but this impact is mainly observed under extreme pH conditions and is less significant under normal conditions.
Select the combination that most accurately reflects the pH range of natural water and its significance for element migration and precipitation.

Options:
A. I and III
B. II and III
C. II
D. I
E. I and II
F. III and IV
G. IV
H. II and IV
I. III
J. I and IV
Answer: C
Which of the following statements about the legal system for urban and rural planning in China is incorrect? Consider the following statements:
I. The 'Urban and Rural Planning Law' is the main law in the legal system for urban and rural planning in China.
II. The 'Land Management Law' is a part of the legal system for urban and rural planning in China.
III. The 'Urban Blue Line Management Measures' is a part of the legal system for urban and rural planning in China.
IV. The 'Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Code' is a part of the legal system for urban and rural planning in China.
Select the combination that includes the incorrect statement(s).

Options:
A. I and IV
B. II and IV
C. IV
D. I and III
E. III and IV
F. II and III
G. I and II
H. III
I. I
J. II
Answer: J
Which of the following statements is incorrect? Consider the following statements:
I. The arrangement of pits on the tracheid wall includes scalariform, opposite, and alternate types.
II. The radial section is a plane cut perpendicular to the wood rays through the pith.
III. The middle lamella and the primary walls of adjacent cells together are called the compound middle lamella.
IV. The tangential section is a plane cut along the longitudinal axis of the tree, perpendicular to the tree radius.
Select the combination that includes incorrect statements.

Options:
A. III
B. I and II
C. II
D. I and IV
E. I
F. II and III
G. III and IV
H. I and III
I. II and IV
J. IV
Answer: C
Select the combination that includes incorrect statements. Consider the following statements:
I. Creep: Under constant stress, the strain of wood gradually increases over time.
II. Relaxation: Under constant strain, the stress gradually decreases over time.
III. In creep, stress is constant, and strain is the variable that changes over time.
IV. In relaxation, strain is the variable and stress is the variable that changes over time.

Options:
A. IV
B. I and IV
C. I and II
D. I and III
E. III
F. III and IV
G. II and III
H. II and IV
I. I
J. II
Answer: A
A 64-year-old man presents with a complaint of prominent stiffness in his legs which is causing a difficulty in ambulation. He is not able to relax his trunk area and has frequent, painful muscle spasms. He denies diplopia, swallowing difficulties, and urinary or bowel problems. He has a medical history of stage IV lung cancer. He has received 4 sessions of chemotherapy. The neurological examination reveals an increased generalized muscle tone. He has a spastic gait with exaggerated lumbar lordosis. The needle electromyography (EMG) studies show continuous motor unit activity that persists at rest. Which paraneoplastic antibody is most likely associated with the symptoms of this patient?

Options:
A. Glutamic acid decarboxylase
B. Anti-Hu
C. Anti-Ma2
D. Amphiphysin
E. Voltage-gated calcium channel
F. Glutamate decarboxylase
G. Anti-Yo
H. Anti-Ri
I. Glutamate decarboxylase 67
J. Glutamate decarboxylase 65
Answer: D