MikaStars39/nano-eval huggingface dataset:
Assuming asteroid belt collisions continuously produce interplanetary dust with size distribution $dN \propto m^{-5/3}dm$ for particles in mass range m to (m+dm), where n>1 (according to Dohnanyi, n≈1.83, 1969). Once produced, dust orbits shrink due to Poynting-Robertson effect. Calculate the generation quantity in any mass range following $dN \propto m^{-8/3}dm$ if time t is needed for area to become half its original value, assuming mass per kilometer of dust is $m_0$.

Options:
A. $dN \propto m^{-17/3}dm$
B. $dN \propto m^{-12/3}dm$
C. $dN \propto m^{-9/3}dm$
D. $dN \propto m^{-8/3}dm$
E. $dN \propto m^{-13/3}dm$
F. $dN \propto m^{-7/3}dm$
G. $dN \propto m^{-16/3}dm$
H. $dN \propto m^{-10/3}dm$
I. $dN \propto m^{-11/3}dm$
J. $dN \propto m^{-14/3}dm$
Answer: D
An example of a commercially available on/off controller is OMEGA's TSW series adjustable temperature switch which consists of a sealed enclosure filled with a gas that expands as the temperature rises. A membrane within the switch body then mechanically causes closure of a relay. A range of such on/off switches is available for operation over different temperature ranges and having different contact ratings, e.g. TSW-35 for the range -5 to 35°C with a repeatability of ±0.8°C and a contact rating of __ .

Options:
A. 4.25 A
B. 4.8 A
C. 5.5 A
D. 5 A
E. 5.1 A
F. 4.9 A
G. 4.7 A
H. 4.75 A
I. 4.5 A
J. 5.25 A
Answer: D
Known even hard bottom neritic acoustic field is the number of wave vertical component for Jane \ [k_ = {zinc} \ frac {(n - 0.5) \ PI} {H} \] deep sea \ (H = 90 \ \ text {m} \), Sound speed \(c = 1500 \, \text{m/s} \), find the cutoff frequency of normal wave generation.

Options:
A. 4.16Hz
B. 4.14Hz
C. 4.13Hz
D. 4.11Hz
E. 4.15Hz
F. 4.12Hz
G. 4.20Hz
H. 4.17Hz
I. 4.18Hz
J. 4.19Hz
Answer: H
When conducting market segmentation, an aluminum products manufacturing company first divided the aluminum products market into automotive manufacturing, residential construction, and beverage container manufacturing industries, and selected the residential construction industry as its target market. On this basis, they further segmented the residential construction market into three sub-markets: raw material semi-finished products, building components, and prefabricated houses. They decided to enter the building components market and target large customers in this segment, striving to provide high-quality distinctive products. The market segmentation steps adopted by this company are ( ).

Options:
A. End users → Product application → User requirements → Customer size
B. End users → Customer size → Product application → User requirements
C. Product application → User requirements → Customer size → End users
D. End users → Product application → Customer size → User requirements
E. User requirements → Product application → End users → Customer size
Answer: D
The codification of international law was first proposed by an 18th century English scholar ().

Options:
A. Savigny
B. Bentham
C. Montesquieu
D. Grotius
E. Hume
F. Blackstone
Answer: B
Ship registration dimensions include

Options:
A. Length between perpendiculars
B. Registered length, breadth overall, depth overall
C. Registered length, breadth overall, registered depth
D. Length overall, breadth overall, depth overall
E. Registered length, registered breadth, registered depth
Answer: E
When the supply voltage $V_s$ is connected across the potentiometer we will need to safeguard it and the wiring against possible high currents and so a resistance $R_s$ can be put in series with the potentiometer $R_p$. For an angle $θ$ with a potentiometer having a full-scale angular deﬂection of $θ_F$ we will obtain an output from the potentiometer expressed by ___.

Options:
A. $V_s \times \frac{R_p}{R_s+R_p} \times (θ/θ_F)$
B. $V_s \times \frac{R_s}{R_s+R_p} \times (θ/θ_F)$
C. $V_s \times \frac{R_p}{R_s+R_p} \times (1 + θ/θ_F)$
D. $V_s \times (θ/θ_F)$
E. V_s \times \frac{1 - \dfrac{\theta}{\theta_F}}{1 + \dfrac{R_s}{R_p}}
F. $V_s \times \frac{R_p}{R_s+R_p} \times (1 - θ/θ_F)$
Answer: A
The criteria used to distinguish national and foreign legal persons are ()

Options:
A. The nationality of the legal representative of the legal person
B. The nationality of the founder of the legal person
C. The nationality of the board members
D. The nationality of the majority of the shareholders
E. The habitual place of business of the legal person
F. The nationality of the legal person
G. The nationality of the shareholders
H. The place of registration of the legal person
I. The nationality of the majority of the employees
Answer: F
The cell most closely associated with acute allograft rejection is ( )

Options:
A. NK cells
B. mast cells
C. B cells
D. CD4+ T cells
E. eosinophils
F. CD8+ T cells
Answer: F
Regarding the absorption chillers or heat pumps, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. The higher the cooling water temperature of the second type of absorption heat pump, the higher the temperature of the low-temperature heat source produced.
B. The higher the cooling water temperature of the second type of absorption heat pump, the higher the temperature of the intermediate-temperature heat source produced.
C. The higher the cooling water temperature of the second type of absorption heat pump, the higher the efficiency of the heat pump.
D. The higher the cooling water temperature of the second type of absorption heat pump, the higher the temperature of the high-temperature heat source produced.
E. The cooling water in absorption chillers is only used for the condenser
F. The higher the cooling water temperature of the second type of absorption heat pump, the higher the efficiency of the heat source produced.
G. The higher the cooling water temperature of the second type of absorption heat pump, the lower the temperature of the high-temperature heat source produced.
H. Compared with lithium bromide absorption chillers, both ammonia-water absorption chillers use water as the refrigerant
Answer: D
In binary continuous distillation operation, the change in the feed thermal condition parameter q will cause the ( ) to change.

Options:
A. rectifying section operating line and stripping section operating line
B. equilibrium line and stripping section feed line
C. equilibrium line and rectifying section feed line
D. equilibrium line and stripping section operating line
E. equilibrium line and rectifying section operating line
F. equilibrium line and diagonal line
G. stripping section operating line and feed line
H. rectifying section operating line and equilibrium line
I. rectifying section operating line and feed line
J. equilibrium line and feed line
Answer: G
What is the sequence of various stages in the research framework of human-scale urban form planning and design?

Options:
A. Planning and Design Response-Form Measurement-Effect Evaluation
B. Effect Evaluation-Form Measurement-Planning and Design Response
C. Form Measurement-Effect Evaluation-Planning and Design Response
D. Form Measurement-Planning and Design Response-Effect Evaluation
E. Planning and Design Response-Effect Evaluation-Form Measurement
F. Effect Evaluation-Planning and Design Response-Form Measurement
Answer: C
In the oligopoly competition model, which of the following conclusions does not conform to the Bertrand equilibrium?

Options:
A. As long as the number of firms in the market is no less than 2, regardless of the actual number, the result of perfect competition will occur.
B. The equilibrium price in the oligopoly market is: P=MC;
C. The firm with higher output has the same costs as the firm with lower output;
D. The firm with higher output has the same profits as the firm with lower output;
E. The long-term economic profit of oligopoly firms is 0;
F. The firm with higher output has higher profits;
Answer: F
A 42-year-old male experienced sudden severe back pain after diving, with a sense of impending death, lasting for 2 hours without relief. He has a 5-year history of hypertension, which has not been well controlled. Physical examination: blood pressure in the right upper limb is 170/100 mmHg, in the left upper limb is 110/60 mmHg, clear breath sounds in both lungs, no murmurs heard in the precordium, ECG shows left ventricular hypertension. The most likely diagnosis is:

Options:
A. Hypertensive emergency
B. Thoracic aortic dissection
C. Thoracic aortic aneurysm
D. Pulmonary embolism
E. Myocarditis
F. Aortic dissection
G. Aortic aneurysm with dissection
H. Aortic aneurysm
I. Myocardial infarction
J. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Answer: F
A 30-year-old female reports that 2 days ago, she underwent an abortion at a private clinic after a positive urine pregnancy test, with no relevant records, and the aspirated material is unknown. She has experienced severe pain for 3 hours after eating raw food, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, without diarrhea, and with a small amount of vaginal bleeding. Physical examination: T37.2°C, BP80/50mmHg, pale face, obvious tenderness and rebound tenderness in the abdomen. Gynecological examination shows a full posterior fornix of the vagina and significant cervical motion tenderness. Both adnexa could not be clearly palpated due to abdominal muscle tension. The most likely diagnosis to consider in this case is

Options:
A. Acute pelvic abscess
B. Retained products of conception
C. Ectopic pregnancy
D. Ruptured ovarian cyst
E. Uterine perforation
F. Ruptured fallopian tube
G. Acute gastroenteritis
H. Acute appendicitis
I. Pelvic inflammatory disease
J. Missed abortion
Answer: C
Please calculate the electrode potential of titration of Ce4+ to Fe2+ to 99.9%, 100% and 100.1%, respectively, in 1 mol/L HCl solution. (φθ' (Fe3+/Fe2+) = 0.68V, φθ'(Ce4+/Ce3+) = 1.44V)

Options:
A. 0.23 V, 0.32 V, 0.48 V
B. 0.23 V, 0.32 V, 0.47 V
C. 0.23 V, 0.32 V, 0.43 V
D. 0.23 V, 0.32 V, 0.55 V
E. 0.23 V, 0.32 V, 0.41 V
F. 0.23 V, 0.41 V, 0.50 V
G. 0.17 V, 0.32 V, 0.56 V
H. 0.23 V, 0.32 V, 0.50 V
I. 0.23 V, 0.32 V, 0.45 V
J. 0.50 V, 0.41 V, 0.32 V
Answer: H
Mr. Ren Jiuyu said: "In a general sense, the appearance of (a certain sutra) marks the climax of the secularization of Mahayana Buddhism, the boundaries between 'monastic' and 'lay' have been erased, and even 'lay' is considered higher than 'monastic.' Which sutra is this?

Options:
A. The Diamond Sutra
B. The Sutra of Golden Light
C. The Vimalakirti Sutra
D. The Heart Sutra
E. The Lotus Sutra
F. The Lankavatara Sutra
G. The Diamond Sutra (Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita Sutra)
H. The Avatamsaka Sutra
Answer: C
When two simple harmonic vibrations in the same direction and of the same frequency are superimposed, the amplitude of the resultant vibration is independent of which of the following factors?

Options:
A. the phase difference between the two component vibrations and the period of the two component vibrations
B. the phase difference between the two component vibrations
C. the period of the two component vibrations and the phase difference between the two component vibrations
D. the period of the two component vibrations
E. the frequency of the two component vibrations
F. the period of the two component vibrations and the frequency of the two component vibrations
G. the amplitudes of the two component vibrations
H. the phase difference between the two component vibrations and the frequency of the two component vibrations
I. the phase difference between the two component vibrations and the amplitude of the two component vibrations
J. all of the above options are relevant
Answer: E
The compound that is most susceptible to hydrolysis is ( ).

Options:
A. propionyl bromide
B. propionamide
C. propionic anhydride
D. ethyl propionate
E. propionyl fluoride
F. propionyl iodide
G. propionyl chloride
Answer: G
A factory has three self-owned power supplies, which are used only when one fails and disconnects. The failure rate is 0.2*10^-5/hour, then the system is a ____ system. Try to predict the reliability of the factory not experiencing a power outage for 2 years of operation ____ (the factory operates 8 hours a day).

Options:
A. series system, 0.9999995
B. standby redundancy, 0.9999997
C. standby redundancy, 0.9999993
D. standby redundancy, 0.9999992
E. standby redundancy, 0.9999996
F. standby redundancy, 0.9999994
G. parallel system, 0.9999998
H. standby redundancy, 0.9999995
I. standby redundancy, 0.9999999
J. standby redundancy, 0.9999991
Answer: B
When filling land by pumping 20 m thick sand into seawater and applying a large-scale preloading of 300 kPa on it to consolidate under its own weight and the preloading (the top surface is permeable, but the bottom surface is not), the saturated unit weight of the sand γsat=19.5kN/ m3, the initial void ratio e=0.8, the permeability coefficient k=1.0×10-4cm/s, and the compression coefficient av=0.5 MPa-1. Calculate the time required for the settlement of this sand layer to reach 80 cm.

Options:
A. 26.3 h
B. 30.4 h
C. 23.2 h
D. 32.4 h
E. 19.6 h
F. 7.58 h
G. 3.65 h
H. 36.5 h
I. 28.5 h
J. 33.4 h
Answer: B
"When an ideal gas undergoes isothermal expansion in contact with a single heat source, all the absorbed heat is used to do work on the surroundings." Which of the following comments is correct regarding this statement?

Options:
A. It does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, nor does it violate the second law of thermodynamics
B. It does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, but it violates the third law of thermodynamics
C. It does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, but it partially violates the second law of thermodynamics
D. It does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, but it partially violates the third law of thermodynamics
E. It does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, but it violates the zeroth law of thermodynamics
F. It violates the first law of thermodynamics, but it does not violate the second law of thermodynamics
G. It violates both the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics
H. It does not violate the first law of thermodynamics, but it partially violates the zeroth law of thermodynamics
I. It does not violate the second law of thermodynamics, but it violates the first law of thermodynamics
Answer: A
An α particle with an energy of 5.3 MeV is projected onto a beryllium target, causing the 9Be(α,n)12C reaction, which has a reaction energy of 5.702 MeV. Assuming the target nucleus is at rest, the maximum and minimum energies of the neutron are respectively:

Options:
A. 10.85 MeV; 6.79 MeV
B. 11.00 MeV; 6.69 MeV
C. 11.00 MeV; 7.03 MeV
D. 11.00 MeV; 6.90 MeV
E. 10.85 MeV; 6.80 MeV
F. 10.85 MeV; 6.69 MeV
G. 10.85 MeV; 6.70 MeV
H. 10.85 MeV; 6.75 MeV
I. 10.85 MeV; 6.85 MeV
J. 10.85 MeV; 7.03 MeV
Answer: F
The fundamental contradiction of the capitalist mode of production is concentrated in the incompatibility between socialized production and capitalist appropriation, leading to one aspects of results ( )

Options:
A. The capitalist production relations have greatly promoted the development of productive forces
B. The opposition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
C. The opposition between the capitalist state and the proletariat
D. The opposition between the organized production in whole enterprises and the anarchic production in the whole society
E. The opposition between the capitalist class and the working class
F. The capitalist system is more advanced than the socialist system
G. The opposition between the capitalist state and the working class
Answer: B
Two concentric thin metal spherical shells have radii \(R_{1}\) and \(R_{2}\), with \(R_{1}\) less than \(R_{2}\). They carry charges \(Q_{1}\) and \(Q_{2}\) respectively, and their potentials are \(\varphi_{1}\) and \(\varphi_{2}\) (with the potential at infinity set to zero). If the two shells are connected by a wire, what will be their potential?

Options:
A. \(\frac{\varphi_{1} + 4\varphi_{2}}{5}\)
B. \(\frac{\varphi_{1} + 2\varphi_{2}}{3}\)
C. \(\frac{\varphi_{1} + 3\varphi_{2}}{4}\)
D. \(\frac{\varphi_{1} + \varphi_{2}}{2}\)
E. \(\frac{\varphi_{1} + 3\varphi_{2}}{5}\)
F. \(\frac{\varphi_{1} + \varphi_{2}}{3}\)
G. \(\varphi_{2}\)
Answer: G
For a 27-year-old pregnant woman with severe pre-eclampsia, the most valuable ancillary examination method for estimating her condition and determining the treatment plan is

Options:
A. determination of hematocrit
B. determination of urine protein/creatinine ratio
C. whole blood viscosity ratio and plasma viscosity ratio
D. fundus examination
E. determination of urine estrogen/creatinine ratio
F. determination of urine protein and creatinine separately
G. determination of serum albumin
H. determination of serum creatinine
I. determination of serum uric acid
J. determination of blood cholesterol
Answer: D
During the Vietnam War, racial tensions and conflicts between officers and enlisted men in the U.S. military became increasingly sharp. According to U.S. military statistics, 18% of officer deaths in the Vietnam War were due to being killed by U.S. soldiers, with the number exceeding how many people?

Options:
A. 1000 people
B. 950 people
C. 400 people
D. 700 people
E. 900 people
F. 500 people
G. 800 people
Answer: A
A 43-year-old female with renal failure. Laboratory results: blood pH 7.30, PaCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3- 15 mmol/L, the most likely type of acid-base disturbance is

Options:
A. metabolic acidosis
B. respiratory acidosis with compensation
C. metabolic acidosis with partial metabolic compensation
D. respiratory alkalosis
E. metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
F. metabolic acidosis with full compensation
G. respiratory acidosis
H. metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation
I. metabolic alkalosis
J. metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory alkalosis
Answer: A
The leadership of the Party is the most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the fundamental guarantee of socialist rule of law. This sentence is the concept of which term?

Options:
A. The guiding principles of the Party
B. The guiding principles and the leadership of the Party
C. People's democracy
D. Ruling the country according to law
E. Keeping pace with the times
F. The guiding principles and the leadership role of the Party
G. The guiding role and leadership of the Party
H. The guiding role of the Party
I. The leadership of the Party
J. The guiding principles and leadership of the Party
Answer: I
In the Maxwell's equations, the relationship between the introduction of displacement current and charge conservation

Options:
A. Displacement current is a necessary condition for the conservation of magnetic flux
B. Charge conservation requires the existence of displacement current
C. Displacement current is a consequence of charge conservation
D. Displacement current and charge conservation are in conflict
E. Displacement current is a sufficient condition for charge conservation
F. Displacement current leads to charge conservation
G. Displacement current is a necessary and sufficient condition for charge conservation
H. Displacement current is a necessary condition for the conservation of electric flux
I. No relation
J. Displacement current is a necessary condition for charge conservation
Answer: B
Company A owns a patent for an automobile dashboard, the essential technical features of which can be broken down into four items: a + b + c + d. Company B manufactures four types of dashboards, and the essential technical features of each can be decomposed into four items. The letters representing the essential technical features of Company A and Company B are the same, indicating that the corresponding essential technical features are the same or equivalent. Which of Company B's technologies infringes on Company A's patent?

Options:
A. a + b + c
B. a + b + d + e
C. a + b + c + d + 2f
D. b + c + d
E. a + b + c + d + g
F. a + b + c + d - e
G. a + b + c + d + f
H. a + b + c + d + 2e
I. a + b + c + d + h
J. a + b + c + d + e
Answer: J
The most common complication in patients with status epilepticus is

Options:
A. cerebral hyperemia
B. respiratory failure
C. cerebral hypoperfusion
D. quadriplegia
E. cerebral ischemia
F. bradycardia
G. cerebral hypoxia
H. cerebral edema
I. cerebral anoxia
J. cerebral hypotension
Answer: G
It is known that EθAg+/Ag=0.80V, Ksp of AgCl is 1.8×10-10, so what is EθAgCl/Ag?

Options:
A. 0.28V
B. 0.51V
C. 0.43V
D. 0.21V
E. 0.33V
F. 1.37V
G. 0.18V
H. 0.61V
I. 0.13V
J. 0.23V
Answer: J
A 72-year-old male. He suddenly fell while defecating, lost consciousness, and had intermittent breathing. He has a history of old myocardial infarction and diabetes, but no history of hypertension. He was diagnosed with cardiac arrest. Previous echocardiography did not reveal any abnormalities. The most likely cause of his cardiac arrest is

Options:
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Chronic heart failure
C. Coronary heart disease
D. Aortic stenosis
E. Unstable angina
F. Aortic dissection
G. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
H. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
I. Ventricular tachycardia
J. Acute myocardial infarction
Answer: C
A family of three developed chills, fever, intermittent periumbilical pain, and diarrhea in succession one evening. The frequency of bowel movements was 5-10 times per day, with two individuals having watery stools and one having bloody stools, without significant tenesmus. Microscopic examination of the stool: white blood cells (+)/HP, red blood cells (+)/HP, pus cells 0-8/HP. They had eaten sea crab for lunch that day. The most likely diagnosis is

Options:
A. Vibrio mimicus food poisoning
B. Vibrio alginolyticus food poisoning
C. Vibrio vulnificus food poisoning
D. Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis
E. E. coli food poisoning
F. Cholera
G. Bacterial dysentery
H. Salmonella food poisoning
I. Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning
J. Vibrio cholerae food poisoning
Answer: I
A group of calves show signs of depression, fever, drowsiness, anorexia, accompanied by severe diarrhea, dehydration, and a large amount of fibrin in the feces. Their growth and development have stagnated, and they are extremely emaciated. On autopsy, the intestines are found to be swollen, filled with mucus and gas. Using the saturated sucrose solution flotation method to examine the feces of the affected cattle, a large number of oocysts containing 4 naked sporozoites are observed under the oil lens. The most likely infection in these calves is

Options:
A. Beef tapeworm
B. Trichuris
C. Coccidia
D. Eimeria
E. Strongyloides
F. Cryptosporidium
Answer: F
Hurricanes threatening the continental United States are triggered by high pressure off the west coast of Africa. Whenever there is a significant amount of rainfall in the region south of the Sahara Desert, the continental United States will experience particularly frequent hurricane attacks. Therefore, heavy rainfall must be the cause of increasing air pressure and forming hurricanes. Which of the following arguments contains a flaw most similar to the one in the argument above?

Options:
A. Students who study more often score higher on exams, so higher exam scores must directly cause increased study time.
B. Cars drive faster on long streets than on short streets, so the length of the street must be the cause of the speed of the cars.
C. Students who study more often score higher on exams, so increasing study time must directly cause higher exam scores.
D. Cars drive faster on long streets than on short streets, so pedestrians on long streets are more dangerous than those on short streets.
E. Many people who later become entrepreneurs often participated in competitive sports in college. Therefore, participating in competitive sports must enhance one's ability to become an entrepreneur.
F. Events in Eastern Europe can affect the political situation in Central America, so the liberalization of Eastern Europe will lead to the liberalization of Central America.
G. Heavy rainfall in the region south of the Sahara Desert is often followed by high pressure, so heavy rainfall must be a result of the high pressure.
H. Students who study more often score higher on exams, so higher study time must directly cause higher exam scores.
I. The petals of the mulberry chrysanthemum close at noon, so the petals of the mulberry chrysanthemum must open at night.
J. Heavy rainfall in the region south of the Sahara Desert is often followed by high pressure, so high pressure must be caused by the heavy rainfall.
Answer: E
For which type of dementia is the Huan Shao Pill used?

Options:
A. Phlegm and stagnant blood blocking
B. Deficiency of both heart and liver
C. Deficiency of both spleen and liver
D. Stagnant blood obstructing internally
E. Deficiency of both liver and kidney
F. Deficiency of both heart and kidney
G. Deficiency of both heart and spleen
H. Deficiency of both spleen and kidney
I. Insufficiency of the sea of marrow
J. Phlegm turbidity obscuring the orifices
Answer: H
The PBE of NH4H2PO4 aqueous solution is:

Options:
A. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [NH3] + [H2PO4-] + [PO43-] + [HPO42-]
B. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [NH3] + [H2PO4-] + 2[HPO42-]
C. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [NH3] + [H2PO4-]+ 2[PO43-]
D. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [NH3] + [H2PO4-] + [PO43-]
E. [H+] + [NH4+]= [OH-] + [HPO42-]+ 2[PO43-]
F. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [HPO42-]+ [PO43-] + [NH3]
G. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [NH3] + [HPO42-]+ 2[PO43-]
H. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [NH3] + [H2PO4-] + [HPO42-] + 2[PO43-]
I. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [H2PO4-]+ [HPO42-]+ [NH3]
J. [H+] + [H3PO4]= [OH-] + [NH3] + [H2PO4-] + [HPO42-] + [PO43-]
Answer: G
In atomic absorption spectroscopy, which of the following methods can be used to eliminate physical interference?

Options:
A. matrix adjustment technique
B. matrix modifier
C. protectant
D. internal standard method
E. standard addition method
F. matrix adjustment method
G. releaser
H. background correction method
I. dilution method
J. background subtraction
Answer: E
Given that the self-inductance of a toroidal solenoid is L. If the solenoid is cut into two semi-toroidal solenoids, the self-inductance of the two semi-toroidal solenoids:

Options:
A. both greater than L/2.
B. both equal to L/2.5.
C. both equal to L/3.
D. both equal to L/1.8.
E. both equal to L/4.
F. both equal to L/2.
G. both less than L/2.
H. both equal to L/2.8.
I. both equal to L/2.2.
J. one is greater than L/2, the other is less than L/2.
Answer: G
A 36-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with high fever, cough with sputum, and numerous petechiae on her limbs for one week. Physical examination: temperature 39.6°C, appearance of anemia, purpura on the skin, no superficial lymphadenopathy, liver and spleen not palpable. Blood profile: Hb 60g/L, RBC 2.20×10^12/L, WBC 1.10×10^9/L, neutrophils 38%, lymphocytes 62%, Plt 25×10^9/L. Bone marrow examination: decreased granulocytic and erythroid series, increased proportion of lymphoid series, mainly mature lymphocytes; 1 megakaryocyte seen throughout the slide; increased reticular cells, plasma cells, and histiocytes; increased neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is ()

Options:
A. Hypersplenism
B. Acute leukemia
C. Hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome
D. Aplastic anemia
E. Agranulocytosis
F. Hypocellular aplastic anemia
G. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
H. Malignant histiocytosis
I. Iron deficiency anemia
J. Chronic myeloid leukemia
Answer: D
In the countercurrent absorption process, as the operating liquid-to-gas ratio increases, the distance between the operating line and the equilibrium line ( )

Options:
A. is uncertain
B. decreases
C. remains unchanged
D. increases
E. decreases slightly
F. remains constant
G. slightly decreases
H. significantly decreases
Answer: D
The following expressions that are correct are ( ).

Options:
A. I(xi;yj)=logp(xi/yj)/p(xi)
B. H(XY)=H(X)+H(Y)-H(Y)
C. H(XY)=H(X)+H(Y)-H(X)
D. H(XY)=H(X)+H(Y/X)
E. H(XY)=H(X)+H(Y)-H(Y/X)
F. I(X; Y)=H(Y)-H(X/Y)
G. H(XY)=H(X)+H(Y)
H. H(XY)=H(X)+H(X/Y)
Answer: D
British social anthropology, which focuses on civilizational societies such as India and China, is most famous for the 1958 work by Freedman, which summarized extensive literature reviews.

Options:
A. 'The Metaphor of the Empire'
B. Lineage Organization in Southeast China
C. 'Lineage and Community in East Asia'
D. 'The Unopened Face and the Civilized Face'
E. Lineage and Social Organization in Southeast China
F. Lineage and Social Structure in Southeastern China
G. Lineage and Social Organization in East Asia
H. Lineage and Social Structure in Southeast China
I. Lineage and Social Organization in Southeastern China
J. 'The Emperor and the Ancestors'
Answer: B
For insomnia accompanied by chest tightness, belching, abdominal distension, unsatisfactory bowel movements, greasy tongue coating, and slippery pulse, the preferred prescription for treatment is:

Options:
A. Pinellia and Coptis Decoction
B. Coptis and Warm Gallbladder Decoction
C. Cinnabar Soothe Spirit Pill
D. Pinellia and Hoelen Decoction
E. Pinellia and Coix Seed Decoction
F. Soothe Spirit and Stabilize Will Pill
G. Coptis and Colla Corii Asini Decoction
Answer: E
Paroxysmal epigastric boring pain is most commonly seen in

Options:
A. acute cholangitis
B. acute pancreatitis
C. cholecystitis
D. biliary ascariasis
E. peptic ulcer with biliary involvement
F. peptic ulcer with acute gastritis
G. peptic ulcer with acute pancreatitis
H. peptic ulcer with biliary ascariasis
I. peptic ulcer
J. acute gastritis
Answer: D
For a properly reinforced beam, during the process of gradual loading, when the tensile reinforcement just yields, then ( ).

Options:
A. the load-carrying capacity of the beam slightly increases, until the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain and fails
B. the load-carrying capacity of the beam slightly increases, but then decreases and stabilizes before the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain and fails
C. the load-carrying capacity of the beam slightly increases, but then decreases before the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain and fails
D. the load-carrying capacity of the beam slightly increases, but then decreases and the beam fails before the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain
E. the beam reaches its maximum load-carrying capacity, after which the load-carrying capacity slowly decreases until failure
F. the beam reaches its maximum load-carrying capacity and fails immediately
G. the load-carrying capacity of the beam slightly increases, but then stabilizes before the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain and fails
H. the load-carrying capacity of the beam slightly decreases, until the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain and fails
I. the beam reaches its maximum load-carrying capacity, which is maintained until the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain and fails
J. the load-carrying capacity of the beam slightly increases, but then decreases and the beam fails after the concrete at the edge of the compression zone reaches its ultimate compressive strain
Answer: A
Which of the following compounds has the highest reactivity in sulfonation?

Options:
A. Cresol
B. Phenol
C. Nitrobenzene
D. Aniline
E. Benzene
F. Toluene
G. Anisole
Answer: B
The best main prescription for vomiting due to liver qi invading the stomach is ( )

Options:
A. Baohewan
B. Lizhong Wan
C. Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with Siqi Tang
D. Siqi Tang
E. Xiao Chaihu Tang
F. Siqi Tang combined with Xiao Banxia Tang
G. Xiao Banxia Tang combined with Linggui Zhugan Tang
H. Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with Lizhong Wan
I. Siqi Tang combined with Huoxiang Zhengqi San
J. Huoxiang Zhengqi San
Answer: D
Who is the author of the poem "Ascending the Great Ci'en Pagoda with Fellow Officials," which is most politically concerned among the many poems dedicated to the Great Ci'en Temple by Tang Dynasty poets?

Options:
A. Du Fu
B. Cen Shen
C. Wang Wei
D. Li Bai
E. Cui Hao
F. Bai Juyi
G. Gao Shi
Answer: A
In a certain place, toilets are mostly built over fish ponds, using human and animal feces to fertilize the fish ponds, and the local residents enjoy eating raw ice shrimp and pickled shrimp. This has led to the occurrence of some zoonotic parasitic diseases. After eating raw ice shrimp and pickled shrimp, some residents have experienced symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension; some residents have also shown symptoms similar to liver cirrhosis, such as edema, ascites, splenomegaly, and anemia. The most likely diagnosis for this disease is ( ).

Options:
A. Clonorchis sinensis infection with intestinal involvement
B. Clonorchis sinensis infection with mild intestinal involvement
C. Paragonimus westermani infection
D. Fasciolopsis buski infection
E. Fasciola hepatica infection
F. Fasciolopsis buski infection with liver involvement
G. Clonorchis sinensis infection
H. Fasciolopsis buski infection with intestinal involvement
I. Clonorchis sinensis infection with mild liver involvement
Answer: G
A 30-year-old female has had a lump on her back, redness, swelling, and pain for 3 days, with chills and a fever of 39°C. Physical examination reveals a 3cm x 5cm mass on the back, with a fluctuant sensation on palpation. After local drainage of the lesion and systemic antibiotic therapy, she still has chills and high fever. The most appropriate treatment measure is

Options:
A. Search for other sources of infection
B. Use of antifungal drugs
C. Continue current antibiotic therapy and repeat blood cultures
D. Continue current antibiotic therapy and monitor temperature
E. Rapid identification of bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivity testing
F. Continue current antibiotic therapy and perform a biopsy of the lesion
G. Combination antibiotic therapy and increased dosage
H. Increase the frequency of local wound care and dressing changes
I. Repeat blood cultures and imaging studies to rule out deep-seated infection
J. Increase the dosage and change the antibiotic regimen based on culture results
Answer: A
A 59-year-old female patient has had irregular fever for two weeks, accompanied by significant fatigue and dizziness. She has a 10-year history of hypertension and takes amlodipine 5mg qd. Physical examination reveals anemic appearance, blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, heart rate of 100 beats/min, regular rhythm, and a diastolic sighing murmur at the third left sternal border. Laboratory tests show white blood cells of 12×10^9/L, N87%, and X-ray examination shows slight leftward enlargement of the heart. ECG shows only T wave flattening. Two hours ago, she suddenly developed right-sided hemiplegia and aphasia. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is ()

Options:
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus
B. Acute myocardial infarction
C. Subacute infective endocarditis
D. Acute bacterial endocarditis
E. Acute cerebrovascular accident
F. Acute cerebral infarction
G. Subacute bacterial endocarditis
H. Rheumatic heart disease
I. Aortic dissection
J. Infective endocarditis
Answer: J
For a given elastic multi-degree-of-freedom system, which of the following statements is correct?

Options:
A. For each mode shape, the mode values corresponding to each mass point are unique, but the relative ratios of the mode values of each mass point are not necessarily unique.
B. For each mode shape, the mode values corresponding to each mass point are unique, and the relative ratios of the mode values of each mass point are also unique.
C. If a non-zero real number is multiplied to a certain mode shape, the corresponding mode participation factor remains unchanged
D. For each mode shape, the mode values corresponding to each mass point are unique, and the relative ratios of the mode values of each mass point are not necessarily unique.
E. If a non-zero real number is multiplied to a certain mode shape, the ratio of the corresponding generalized stiffness to the generalized mass remains unchanged.
F. The mode shapes are unconditionally orthogonal with respect to the mass and stiffness matrices
G. For each mode shape, the mode values corresponding to each mass point may not be unique, but the relative ratios of the mode values of each mass point are unique.
H. If a non-zero real number is multiplied to a certain mode shape, the ratio of the corresponding generalized stiffness to the generalized mass changes.
I. For each mode shape, the mode values corresponding to each mass point are unique, and the relative ratios of the mode values of each mass point are not unique.
J. For each mode shape, the mode values corresponding to each mass point are unique, but the relative ratios of the mode values of each mass point may not be unique.
Answer: G
Which of the following is not a precancerous lesion?

Options:
A. Leukoplakia
B. Chronic atrophic gastritis
C. Chronic duodenitis
D. Intraductal papillary hyperplasia of the breast
E. Familial adenomatous polyposis
F. Chronic superficial gastritis
G. Chronic gastric ulcer
H. Duodenal ulcer
I. Ulcerative colitis
Answer: H
The chain of length $200$ rises up, winding on the winch. Compute the work of the weight force when lifting the chain, neglecting the size of the winch, if the running meter of the chain weighs $50$ kg.

Options:
A. -987000
B. -980000
C. -998000
D. -995000
E. -975000
F. -985000
G. -1000000
H. -970000
I. -982000
J. -990000
Answer: G
Find the sum of all positive integers $n, k_1, \dots, k_n$ such that $k_1 + \cdots + k_n = 5n-4$ and \[ \frac{1}{k_1} + \cdots + \frac{1}{k_n} = 1. \]

Options:
A. 32
B. 38
C. 39
D. 36
E. 34
F. 35
G. 31
H. 33
I. 37
Answer: D
Given that $x, y, z$ are reals such that
$$$16 \sin^4(x + y) + 49 \cos^4(x + y) = \sin^2(2x + 2y)(8 \sin^2(x + z) + 6 \cos^2(y+z)),$$$
the largest possible value of $3 \cos^2(x+y+z)$ can be expressed in the form $\frac{a+b\sqrt{c}}{d}$ , where $a$ and $b$ are integers, $c$ is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime, and $d$ is a positive integer such that gcd $(a, b, d) = 1$ . Find $a + b + c + d$ .

Options:
A. 138
B. 131
C. 135
D. 137
E. 132
F. 139
G. 136
H. 133
I. 134
Answer: C
The only positive real solution to the equation $(\sqrt{82} - 9)^x + (\sqrt{82} + 9)^x = 82$ can be expressed in the form $\log_{\sqrt{82} + 9}(a + b\sqrt{c})$ , where $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ are positive integers and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $a + b + c$ .

Options:
A. 145
B. 148
C. 149
D. 152
E. 144
F. 151
G. 147
H. 153
I. 150
J. 146
Answer: I
Find the sum of all positive integers $n$ such that $\tau (n) \cdot \phi (n) = 3n,$ where $\tau (n)$ is the number of divisors of $n$ and $\phi (n)$ is the number of positive integers at most $n$ that are relatively prime to $n$ .

Options:
A. 32
B. 72
C. 68
D. 70
E. 76
F. 78
Answer: A
Suppose $\alpha$ , $\beta$ , and $\gamma$ are complex numbers that satisfy the system of equations
$$\begin{align*}\alpha+\beta+\gamma&=6,\\\alpha^3+\beta^3+\gamma^3&=87,\\(\alpha+1)(\beta+1)(\gamma+1)&=33.\end{align*}$$
If $\tfrac1\alpha+\tfrac1\beta+\tfrac1\gamma=\tfrac mn$ for positive relatively prime integers $m$ and $n$ , find $m+n$ .

Options:
A. 179
B. 181
C. 176
D. 180
E. 183
F. 184
G. 178
H. 174
I. 177
J. 182
Answer: J
Evaluate $L=\lim_{(x,y) \to (3,3)}\left(\frac{ x^6-y^6 }{ x^2+x^2 \cdot y-x \cdot y^2-y^2 }\right)$

Options:
A. 486/19
B. 486/17
C. 486/13
D. 486/11
E. 486/9
F. 486/5
G. 486/4
H. 486/6
I. 486/10
J. 486/7
Answer: F
Calculate the integral:
$$
\int_{-\sqrt{2}}^{\sqrt{2}} \frac{ 2 \cdot x^7+3 \cdot x^6-10 \cdot x^5-7 \cdot x^3-12 \cdot x^2+x+1 }{ x^2+2 } \, dx
$$

Options:
A. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{14\sqrt{2}}
$$
B. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{10\sqrt{2}}
$$
C. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{7\sqrt{2}}
$$
D. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{9\sqrt{2}}
$$
E. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{8\sqrt{2}}
$$
F. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{15\sqrt{2}}
$$
G. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{11\sqrt{2}}
$$
H. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{16\sqrt{2}}
$$
I. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{12\sqrt{2}}
$$
J. $$
\frac{5\pi - 64}{13\sqrt{2}}
$$
Answer: B
During competition weeks, the variation in training load is characterized by certain changes in intensity and volume. Consider the following descriptions:
I. Increased training intensity and volume
II. Decreased training intensity, increased volume
III. Increased training intensity, decreased volume
IV. Decreased training intensity and volume
Select the combination that correctly describes the training load variation during competition weeks.

Options:
A. I and IV
B. II and IV
C. I and II
D. IV
E. III
F. I and III
G. II and III
H. I
I. III and IV
J. II
Answer: D
In Roland Barthes' sentence 'mens fada in corpore salop' from his Carnets du voyage en Chine, which combination of stylistic figures incorrectly describes the figure used? Consider the following options:
I. Hyperbole
II. Synthesis
III. Metonymy
IV. Macaronism
Select the combination that includes incorrect descriptions.

Options:
A. II and III
B. I and III
C. I
D. III
E. II
F. I and IV
G. III and IV
H. IV
I. II and IV
J. I and II
Answer: H
Which of the following descriptions most accurately reflects the trend in elemental content changes from ultramafic to felsic rocks in igneous rocks? Consider the following statements:
I. The content of Fe, Mg, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pr gradually decreases; the content of Ca, Al, Ti, V, Mn, P, and Se is highest in mafic rocks; the content of K, Na, Si, Li, Be, Rb, and REE gradually increases; the content distribution of Ge, Sb, and As changes significantly.
II. The content of Fe, Mg, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pr gradually increases; the content of Ca, Al, Ti, V, Mn, P, and Se is highest in felsic rocks; the content of K, Na, Si, Li, Be, Rb, and REE gradually decreases; the content distribution of Ge, Sb, and As does not change significantly.
III. The content of Fe, Mg, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pr gradually decreases; the content of Ca, Al, Ti, V, Mn, P, and Se is highest in mafic rocks; the content of K, Na, Si, Li, Be, Rb, and REE gradually increases; the content distribution of Ge, Sb, and As does not change significantly.
IV. The content of Fe, Mg, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pr remains unchanged in all rock types; the content of Ca, Al, Ti, V, Mn, P, and Se is highest in ultramafic rocks; the content of K, Na, Si, Li, Be, Rb, and REE gradually increases in mafic rocks; the content distribution of Ge, Sb, and As changes significantly.
Select the combination that most accurately reflects the trend in elemental content changes from ultramafic to felsic rocks.

Options:
A. I and III
B. II and IV
C. II and III
D. I and II
E. I
F. II
G. III and IV
H. I and IV
I. IV
J. III
Answer: J
An enterprise produces two kinds of products, A, B, its unit profit is 300 yuan, 200 yuan respectively, the company has two machining centers I and II., they work 20 hours a day, 18 hours respectively. Products A and B need to be processed by these two centers, and it takes 1 hour to produce each unit of product A in the machining center I. and 3 hours in the machining center II. It takes 2 hours and 1 hour respectively to produce each unit of product B in machining centers I and II. According to market research, the daily demand for product A will not exceed 5 units, and product B will be sold out no matter how much is produced. The most profitable production scenario is ().

Options:
A. 5 units of product A and 7.5 units of B are produced every day
B. 4 units of product A and 8.4 units of B are produced every day
C. 4.2 units of product A and 8.6 units of B are produced every day
D. 4.6 units of product A and 6.8 units of B are produced every day
E. 3.2 units of product A and 8.4 units of B are produced every day
F. 3.5 units of product A and 8.4 units of B are produced every day
G. 3.6 units of product A and 7.5 units of B are produced every day
H. 3 units of product A and 6 units of B are produced every day
I. 3.2 units of product A and 8.5 units of B are produced every day
J. 3.6 units of product A and 8.4 units of B are produced every day
Answer: E
Which of the following statements about earlywood and latewood is incorrect? Consider the following statements:
I. Earlywood is located on the inner side of the annual ring, formed during the early growth period, and is lighter in color, while latewood is the opposite.
II. Earlywood cells have larger lumens, thinner walls, and are longer and wider than latewood cells.
III. Earlywood has lower strength and wear resistance, while latewood has higher strength and wear resistance.
IV. Earlywood has smaller transverse shrinkage, while latewood has larger transverse shrinkage.
Select the combination that includes incorrect descriptions.

Options:
A. II
B. II and IV
C. III
D. I and III
E. III and IV
F. I and IV
G. IV
H. I and II
I. II and III
J. I
Answer: A
A 19-year-old girl comes to the physician for evaluation after a minor motor vehicle collision. While driving down a residential street, a young boy ran out in front of her, chasing after a ball. She applied the brakes of her vehicle and avoided hitting the boy, but then she suddenly experienced generalized weakness that rendered her unable to operate the vehicle and collided at low speed with a parked car. One minute later, she recovered her strength. She was uninjured. She has had several similar episodes of transient generalized weakness over the past month, once during an argument with her mother and another time while watching her favorite comedy movie. She has also had excessive daytime sleepiness for 18 months despite 9 hours of sleep nightly and 2 daily naps. She has fallen asleep in class several times. She often sees intensely bright colors as she is falling asleep. During this time, she is often unable to move; this inability to move is very distressing to her. Which of the following is the most appropriate nighttime pharmacotherapy for this patient?

Options:
A. Quetiapine
B. Sodium zolpidate
C. Modafinil
D. Sodium oxybate 750 mg nightly
E. Sodium oxybate
F. Duloxetine
G. Amphetamine
H. Sodium oxybate 500 mg nightly
I. Guanfacine
J. Fluoxetine
Answer: E
A previously healthy 50-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after she was observed having a seizure. On arrival, she is conscious and reports that she feels drowsy. An MRI of the brain shows a 4-cm, round, sharply demarcated mass. She undergoes resection of the mass. A photomicrograph of a section of the resected specimen is shown. This patient's mass is most likely derived from which of the following?

Options:
A. Schwann cells
B. Arachnoid cells
C. Blood vessel
D. Arachnoid epithelial cells
E. Choroid plexus cells
F. Oligodendrocytes
G. Neurons
H. Ependymal cells
I. Arachnoid granulations
J. Astrocytes
Answer: B
A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of right-sided weakness and subjective decreased sensation that started 30 minutes ago. The patient reports that his symptoms started to ease 5 minutes after onset and have now completely resolved. He has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years. His current medications include lisinopril, metformin, and sitagliptin. He is 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) tall and weighs 105 kg (220 lb); BMI is 32 kg/m2. He appears well. His temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 150/88 mm Hg. Neurological examination shows no abnormalities. Cardiac examination shows regular rate and rhythm and a left-sided carotid bruit. Complete blood count, serum glucose, and electrolytes are within the reference ranges. An ECG shows sinus rhythm and left axis deviation. A CT scan of the head without contrast shows no abnormalities. Carotid doppler ultrasound shows 45% stenosis in the left carotid artery and 15% stenosis in the right. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Options:
A. Transthoracic echocardiogram
B. Intramuscular alteplase therapy
C. Antiplatelet therapy
D. Intravenous aspirin therapy
E. Carotid artery stenting
"
F. Oral aspirin therapy
G. Carotid endarterectomy
H. Reassurance and follow-up in 2 weeks
I. Oral anticoagulant therapy
J. Intravenous alteplase therapy
Answer: C
A rugby player hit his head on the post whilst involved in a tackle. He was unconscious for 5 min but regained full consciousness and sat on the sideline until the end of the game. He was then noted to be drowsy and over the past 30 min became confused and no longer obeyed commands. Most likely diagnosis is:

Options:
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Extradural hematoma
C. Epidural hemorrhage
D. Subdural hematoma
E. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
F. Intracranial hematoma
G. Cerebral edema
H. Subarachnoid hematoma
I. Subdural hemorrhage
J. Intracerebral hematoma
Answer: B