Input: [Question] economics [Answer]

Output: social science concerned with how individuals, institutions, and society make optimal (best) choices under conditions of scarcity.


Input: [Question] economic perspective [Answer]

Output: economic way of thinking, has several critical and closely interrelated features.


Input: [Question] opportunity cost [Answer]

Output: To obtain more of one thing, society forgoes the opportunity of getting the next best thing.


Input: [Question] utility [Answer]

Output: the pleasure, happiness, or satisfaction obtained from consuming a good or service.


Input: [Question] marginal analysis [Answer]

Output: comparisons of marginal benefits and marginal costs, usually for decision making. To economists,“marginal” means “extra,” “additional,” or“a change in.” Most choices or decisions involve changes in the status quo, meaning the existing state of affairs


Input: [Question] scientific method [Answer]

Output: Observing realworld behavior&outcomes. Formulate a hypothesis.Testing the hypothesis bycomparing the outcomes of specific events to theoutcome predicted by hypothesis. Accepting,rejecting,&modifying the hypothesis.Testing the hypothesis against facts.


Input: [Question] economic principle [Answer]

Output: a statement about economic behavior or the economy that enables prediction of the probable effects of certain actions.


Input: [Question] other-things-equal assumption [Answer]

Output: the assumption that factors other than those being considered do not change. They assume that all variables except those under immediate consideration are held constant for a particular analysis.


Input: [Question] microeconomics [Answer]

Output: concerned w/decision making by individual customers,workers,households,&businessfirms.Measure the price of a specific product,#of workers employed by a firm,the revenue/income of a partic.firm/household,or spending of a specific firm,gov.entity,or family


Input: [Question] macroeconomics [Answer]

Output: examines either the economy as a whole or its basic subdivisions or aggregates, such as the government, household, and business sectors


Input: [Question] aggregate [Answer]

Output: a collection of specific economic units treated as if they were one unit. Therefore, we might lump together the millions of consumers in the U.S. economy and treat them as if they were one huge unit called “consumers.”


Input: [Question] positive economics [Answer]

Output: focuses on facts&cause-&-effect relatships.It includes description,theory development, &theory testing.Positive economics avoids value judgments.It tries to establish scitfc. statements about economic behavior&deals with what the economy is actually like.


Input: [Question] normative economics [Answer]

Output: Incorporates value judgments about what the economy should be like/what particular policy actions should be recommended to achieve a desirable goal.It looks at the desirability of certain aspects of the economy.


Input: [Question] economizing problem [Answer]

Output: the need to make choices because economic wants exceed economic means


Input: [Question] budget line [Answer]

Output: It is a schedule or curve that shows various combinations of two products a consumer can purchase with a specific money income. Although we assume two products, the analysis generalizes to the full range of products available to consumers.


Input: [Question] economic resources [Answer]

Output: all natural, human, and manufactured resources that go into the production of goods and services.


Input: [Question] land [Answer]

Output: includes all natural resources (“gifts of nature”) used in the production process. These include forests, mineral and oil deposits, water resources, wind power, sunlight, and arable land.


Input: [Question] labor [Answer]

Output: The physical actions&mental activities that people contribute to the production of goods /services.The work-related activities of a logger,retail clerk,machinist,teacher, profess. football player,&nuclear physicist all fall under “labor.”


Input: [Question] capital [Answer]

Output: includes all manufactured aids used in producing consumer goods and services. Included are all factory, storage, transportation, and distribution facilities, as well as tools and machinery


Input: [Question] investment [Answer]

Output: describe spending that pays for the production and accumulation of capital goods.


Input: [Question] entrepreneurial ability [Answer]

Output: The human resource that combines the other resources to produce a product, makes nonroutine decisions, innovates, and bears risks.


Input: [Question] factors of production [Answer]

Output: Because land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability are combined to produce goods and services, they are called the factors of production, or simply “inputs.”


Input: [Question] consumer goods [Answer]

Output: products that satisfy our wants directly; industrial robots (for example, the kind used to weld automobile frames)


Input: [Question] capital goods [Answer]

Output: products that satisfy our wants indirectly by making possible more efficient production of consumer goods.


Input: [Question] production possibilities curve [Answer]

Output: A curve showing the different combinations of two goods or services that can be produced in a full-employment, full-production economy where the available supplies of resources and technology are fixed.


Input: [Question] law of increasing opportunity costs [Answer]

Output: As the production of a particular good increases, the opportunity cost of producing an additional unit rises.


Input: [Question] economic growth [Answer]

Output: (1 ) An outward shift in the production possibilities curve that results from an increase in resource supplies or quality or an improvement in technology; (2) an increase of real output (gross domestic product) or real output per capita


Input: [Question] use demand and supply concepts to determine market equilibrium [Answer]

Output: The equilibrium price&quaty.are est.at the inters.of the supply&demand curves.The interaction of market demand&market supply adjusts the price to the point at which the quanys.demanded&supplied are equal.It is equilibrium price & equilibrium quany.


Input: [Question] demand [Answer]

Output: a schedule/curve that shows the various amounts of a product that consumers are willing/able to purchase@each of a series of possible prices during a specified period of time.It shows the quant. of a product that willbe purchased@ various possible prices.


Input: [Question] demand schedule [Answer]

Output: A curve illustrating demand.


Input: [Question] law of demand [Answer]

Output: Other things equal, as price falls, the quantity demanded rises, and as price rises, the quantity demanded falls. In short, there is a nega- tive or inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.


Input: [Question] diminishing marginal utility [Answer]

Output: successive units of a particular product yield less and less marginal utility, consumers will buy additional units only if the price of those units is progressively reduced.


Input: [Question] income effect [Answer]

Output: a lower price increases the purchasing power of a buyer’s money income, enabling the buyer to purchase more of the product than before.


Input: [Question] substitution effect [Answer]

Output: at a lower price buyers have the incentive to substitute what is now a less expensive product for other products that are now relatively more expensive. The product whose price has fallen is now “a better deal” relative to the other products.


Input: [Question] demand curve [Answer]

Output: Inverse relationship between price&quantity demanded for a product can be represented on a graph.We measure quant.demanded on the horiz. axis&price on the vert.axis.Its downward slope reflects—people buy more of a product/service/ resource as price fall.


Input: [Question] determinants of demand [Answer]

Output: They are the “other things equal” in the relationship between price & quantity demanded. When any of these determinants changes,the demand curve will shift to the right or left. Determinants of demand are sometimes referred to as demand shifters.


Input: [Question] normal goods [Answer]

Output: demand for such products declines as their incomes fall. Products whose demand varies directly with money income are called superior goods


Input: [Question] inferior goods [Answer]

Output: rising incomes may cause the demand for charcoal grills to decline as wealthier con- sumers switch to gas grills. Goods whose demand varies inversely with money income


Input: [Question] substitute good [Answer]

Output: is one that can be used in place of another good.


Input: [Question] complementary good [Answer]

Output: one that is used together with another good


Input: [Question] change in demand [Answer]

Output: a shift of the demand curve to the right (increase demand)/to the left (decrease demand). It occurs bc the consumer’s state of mind in response to determinants of demand. “Demand” is a sched./curve so, a“change in demand”means a change in sched./curve.


Input: [Question] change in quantity demanded [Answer]

Output: A movement from one point to another point—from one price-quantity combination to another—on a fixed demand curve. The cause is an increase/ decrease in price of the product.Ex. a decline in the price from $5 to $4 will increase the quantity demanded.


Input: [Question] supply [Answer]

Output: is a schedule or curve showing the various amounts of a product that producers are willing and able to make available for sale at each of a series of possible prices during a specific period.


Input: [Question] supply schedule [Answer]

Output: It shows the quantities of corn that will be supplied at various prices, other things equal.


Input: [Question] law of supply [Answer]

Output: Table that shows that a positive/direct relationship between price&quant.supplied.As price rises,the quant.supplied rises;as price falls,the quant.supplied falls.It tells that firms will produce&offer for sale product at a high price than at a low price


Input: [Question] supply curve [Answer]

Output: corrpd. w/the price–quantity supplied data in a table.The upward slope of the curve reflects the law of supply—producers offer more of a good/service/resource for sale as price rises. The relationship between price& quantity supplied is positive/direct


Input: [Question] determinants of supply [Answer]

Output: (1) resource prices, (2) technology, (3) taxes and subsidies, (4) prices of other goods, (5) producer expectations, and (6) the number of sellers in the market.


Input: [Question] change in supply [Answer]

Output: a change in the schedule and a shift of the curve. An increase in supply shifts the curve to the right; a decrease in supply shifts it to the left. The cause of a change in supply is a change in one or more of the determinants of supply.


Input: [Question] change in quantity supplied [Answer]

Output: a movement from one point to another on a fixed supply curve. The cause of such a movement is a change in the price of the specific product being considered.


Input: [Question] equilibrium price [Answer]

Output: the price where the intentions of buyers and sellers match. It is the price where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.


Input: [Question] equilibrium quantity [Answer]

Output: the quantity at which the intentions of buyers and sellers match, so that the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied are equal.


Input: [Question] surplus [Answer]

Output: excess supply


Input: [Question] shortage [Answer]

Output: excess demand


Input: [Question] productive efficiency [Answer]

Output: the production of any particular good in the least costly way


Input: [Question] allocative efficiency [Answer]

Output: the particular mix of goods and services most highly valued by society (minimum-cost production assumed).


Input: [Question] price ceiling [Answer]

Output: sets the max. legal price a seller may charge for a product/service. A price at or below the ceiling is legal; a price above it is not. The rationale is that it enable consumers to obtain some “essential” good/service that they couldn't afford


Input: [Question] price floor [Answer]

Output: a min. price fixed by the government. A price at or above the price floor is legal; a price below it is not.


Input: [Question] explain how changes in consumer spending, investment spending, government spending, or net exports affects aggregate demand (AG) [Answer]

Output: Changes in the price level create real-balances,interest-rate,&foreign purchases effects that explain the downward slope of the AG curve.Changes in the determinants of aggregate demand alter the amounts of real GDP demanded at each price level.


Input: [Question] explain why changes in input prices, productivity, or the legal environment affect aggregate supply [Answer]

Output: By altering per-unit production costs independent of changes in the level of output, changes in one or more of the determinants of aggregate supply shift the aggregate supply curve.


Input: [Question] aggregate demand–aggregate supply (AD-AS) model [Answer]

Output: is a “variable price–variable output” model that allows both the price level and level of real GDP to change. It can also show longer time horizons, distinguishing between the immediate short run, the short run, and the long run.


Input: [Question] aggregate demand [Answer]

Output: a schedule or curve that shows the amount of a nation’s output (real GDP) that buyers collectively desire to purchase at each possible price level.


Input: [Question] real-balances effect [Answer]

Output: The tendency for increases in the price level to lower the real value (or purchasing power) of financial assets with fixed money value and, as a result, to reduce total spending and real output, and conversely for decreases in the price level.


Input: [Question] interest-rate effect [Answer]

Output: The tendency for increases in the price level to increase the demand for money,raise interest rates, and, as a result, reduce total spending and real output in the economy (and the reverse for price-level decreases).


Input: [Question] foreign purchases effect [Answer]

Output: The inverse relationship between the net exports of an economy and its price level relative to foreign price levels.


Input: [Question] determinants of aggregate demand [Answer]

Output: Factors such as consumption spending, investment, government spending, and net exports that, if they change, shift the aggregate demand curve.


Input: [Question] aggregate supply [Answer]

Output: A schedule or curve that shows the total quantity of goods and services demanded (purchased) at different price levels


Input: [Question] immediate-short-run aggregate supply curve [Answer]

Output: An aggregate supply curve for which real output, but not the price level, changes when the aggregate demand curves shifts; a horizontal aggregate supply curve that implies an inflexible price level.


Input: [Question] short-run aggregate supply curve [Answer]

Output: An aggregate supply curve relevant to a time period in which input prices (particularly nominal wages ) do not change in response to changes in the price level


Input: [Question] long-run aggregate supply curve [Answer]

Output: The aggregate supply curve associated with a time period in which input prices (especially nominal wages) are fully responsive to changes in the price level


Input: [Question] determinants of aggregate supply [Answer]

Output: Factors other than price that determine the quantities supplied of a good or service.


Input: [Question] productivity [Answer]

Output: A measure of average output or real output per unit of input. For example, the productivity of labor is determined by dividing real output by hours of work.


Input: [Question] equilibrium price level [Answer]

Output: The price level at which the aggregate demand curve intersects the aggregate supply curve.


Input: [Question] menu costs [Answer]

Output: The reluctance of firms to cut prices during recessions (that they think will be short-lived) because of the costs of altering and communicating their price reductions; named after the cost associated with printing new menus at restaurants.


Input: [Question] efficiency wages [Answer]

Output: A wage that minimizes wage costs per unit of output by encouraging greater effort or reducing turnover.


Input: [Answer] learning to stand up for personal rights without violating rights of others [Question]

Output: assertiveness training


Input: [Answer] using measurement of the body's reaction to stress (BP, HR, RR)to gain conscious control of those reactions [Question]

Output: Biofeedback


Input: [Answer] a learned technique that allows a client to relax following a pattern of controlled breathing, focus ona word or phrase, and progressive muscle relaxation [Question]

Output: Benson's relaxation techniques


Input: [Answer] replaceing worried or negative self-statements with more positive self-statements [Question]

Output: cognitive reframing


Input: [Answer] anything that allows a person to decrease the level of stress in their life (health habits, family, hobbies, social supports, etc) [Question]

Output: coping styles


Input: [Answer] negative, draining energy [Question]

Output: distress


Input: [Answer] positive, benificial stress that can motivate and replenish damaged resources [Question]

Output: eustress


Input: [Answer] a process whereby a person is led to envision images that are calming and healthful in an effort to relax [Question]

Output: guided imagery


Input: [Answer] creates a relaxed state by quieting the sympathetic nervous system using focus on a visual object or sound. May or may not have religious significance. [Question]

Output: Meditation


Input: [Answer] the interplay between the physical, mental, nervous, and endocrine functions of the body. How stress can impact physical health and the immune system [Question]

Output: psychoneuroimmunology


Input: [Answer] factors in the environment or the physical body that cause distress (trauma, temperature, hunger) [Question]

Output: physical stressors


Input: [Answer] Positive or negative changes in life that effect how we see our life (marriage/divorce, new job/job loss etc) [Question]

Output: psychological stressors


Input: [Answer] technique requiring special training that teaches a person how to relax all the muscles of the body [Question]

Output: Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)


Input: [Answer] writing one's thoughts and feelings as a way to identify patterns of thought or behavior [Question]

Output: Journal keeping


Input: [Answer] shifting the balance from stress inducing to stress relieving activities [Question]

Output: restructuring and setting priorities


Input: [Answer] a type of cognitive restructuring that"de-stresses" a negative situation by making it appear absurd or comical [Question]

Output: humor


Input: [Answer] a universal, basic emotion; state of apprehension or dread stemming from a real or perceived threat; a vague sense of dread to an unspecified danger [Question]

Output: anxiety


Input: [Answer] a reaction to a specific danger [Question]

Output: Fear


Input: [Answer] a state produced by a change in the environment that is seen as challenging, threatening or damaging [Question]

Output: Stress


Input: [Answer] a healthy life force neccessary for survival; similar to eustress, a motivating energy [Question]

Output: Normal Anxiety


Input: [Answer] a condition of anxiety that preceeds an imminant loss or change (stage fright, pre-op) [Question]

Output: Acute (state) Anxiety


Input: [Answer] an anxiety that one has lived with for a long time [Question]

Output: Chronic (trait) anxiety


Input: [Answer] normal experience of everyday living, lowest level of anxiety [Question]

Output: Mild Anxiety


Input: [Answer] higher level of anxiety, includes a narrowng of perception, physical changes in BP, P, HR, RR [Question]

Output: Moderate Anxiety


Input: [Answer] Highest level of anxiety where problem solving and learning are no longer possible, person can be dazed, confused, hyperventialtion, "Sense of impending doom" [Question]

Output: Severe Anxiety


Input: [Answer] Anxiety to the point of terror, can lead to hallucinations, delusions; cannot process reality [Question]

Output: Panic Level of Anxiety


Input: [Answer] dealing with stressors by meeting the needs of others; receives gratification from the response of others [Question]

Output: Altruism


Input: [Answer] unconsciously substituting a socially unacceptable impulse with a constructive, healthy activity [Question]

Output: Sublimation


Input: [Answer] conscious denial of a distressing situation or feeling [Question]

Output: Suppression


Input: [Answer] excluding an unwanted or unpleasant thought or feeling from conscious awareness [Question]

Output: Respression


Input: [Answer] transferring emotions toward a paticular person or object onto another person or object that is nonthreatening [Question]

Output: Displacement


Input: [Answer] covering up an unacceptable feeling or behavior by practicing the exact opposite behavior or feeling [Question]

Output: Reaction Formation (overcompensation)


Input: [Answer] unconsciously transferring emotional anxiety into a physical symptom [Question]

Output: Somatization


Input: [Answer] making up for an act or thought by another act (gift giving, hand washing) [Question]

Output: Undoing


Input: [Answer] justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas actions or feelings with a developed explanation [Question]

Output: Rationalization


Input: [Answer] agression toward others expressed through procrastination, failure, inactivity, illness [Question]

Output: Passive Agression


Input: [Answer] a destructive defense, dealing with emotions by actions that are destructive either verbally or physically lashing out at another [Question]

Output: Acting-out Behaviors


Input: [Answer] A disruption in normally intergrated functions of thought, memory, identity or perception of the environment [Question]

Output: Dissociation/Dissociative Disorders


Input: [Answer] dealing with stress or conflict by atrributing negative qualities to self or others inan attempt to feel better by contrast [Question]

Output: Devaluation


Input: [Answer] dealing with conflict or stress by assigning unrealisticly exaggerated positive qualities to another individual [Question]

Output: Idealization


Input: [Answer] often sen in a client with bipolar disorder, it is the inability to see both positive and negative aspects to another person (all good, or all bad) [Question]

Output: Splitting


Input: [Answer] transerring personal negative qualities onto another person, object or situation [Question]

Output: Projection


Input: [Answer] involves escaping unpleasant reality by ignoring it [Question]

Output: Denial


Input: [Answer] Seen in schizophrenia; a gross impairment of reality testing [Question]

Output: Psychotic Denial


Input: [Answer] Disorder characterized by reccurrent, unexpected panic attacks [Question]

Output: Panic Disorder


Input: [Answer] a sudden onset of extreme fear or impending doom, comes "out of the blue" and is often accompanied by physical symptoms such as raised BP, P, RR, HR, nausea, etc; rational thought and perceptions are not possible [Question]

Output: Panic Attack


Input: [Answer] intense excessive anxiety about being in places or situations in which escape or help would be difficult or embarrassing if a panic attack occurred [Question]

Output: Agoraphobia


Input: [Answer] a persistant, irrational fear of an object, situationor action [Question]

Output: phobia


Input: [Answer] a severe fear or anxiety about being in a social or performance situation [Question]

Output: Social Phobia/ Social Anxiety Disorder


Input: [Answer] thoughts, impulses or images that persist in such a manor that they cannot be put out of one's mind [Question]

Output: Obsession


Input: [Answer] ritualistic behavior that a person must perform in an attempt to reduce anxiety [Question]

Output: Cumpulsion


Input: [Answer] excessive worry about any number of things or situations that lasts for more than 6 months [Question]

Output: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)


Input: [Answer] repeatedly reliving a traumatic event that involved actual or threatened death or harm to self or others (combat, rape) [Question]

Output: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)


Input: [Answer] dissociative experiences in which a traumatic event is relived to the extent that the individual behaves as if the event is actually happening [Question]

Output: Flashbacks


Input: [Answer] a disorder occuring within 1 month of a traumatic event and lasting no more than 1 month, symptoms similar to PTSD [Question]

Output: Acute Stress Disorder


Input: [Answer] Benzodiazepines are most common type, medications given to reduce anxiety [Question]

Output: Anxiolytic Drugs


Input: [Answer] therapy in which a person's negative beliefs about self are identified, evaluated and corrected [Question]

Output: Cognitive therapy/ cognitive restructuring


Input: [Answer] various techniques that teach and practice activities that decrease stress and avoidant behaviors [Question]

Output: Behavioral Therapy


Input: [Answer] excercises in brething and muscle relaxation that stop the stress response [Question]

Output: Relaxation training


Input: [Answer] a support or significant person demonstrates appropriate behaviors in a feared situation which the client can then immitate [Question]

Output: Modeling


Input: [Answer] gradually introducing/exposing a person to the feared object or situation and allowing them to overcome it or adjust to it while using relaxation techniques [Question]

Output: Systematic Desensitization


Input: [Answer] The opposite of gradual desensitization, this is exposing a client to the worst case or most stress in a feared situation inan effort to stop the anxious response [Question]

Output: Flooding


Input: [Answer] therapy used in compulsive behaviors, the therapist doesn't allow a behavior to be perfomed to show that anxiety can be overcome without the unacceptable behavior [Question]

Output: Response prevention


Input: [Answer] interupting a negative though or behavior and redirecting it to a positive [Question]

Output: Thought Stopping


Input: [Answer] a combination of both behavior and cognitive therapies [Question]

Output: Cognitive-Behavior therapy


Input: [Answer] physical symptoms that suggest a physical disorder for which there is no demonstrable basis; these symptoms are then thought to have a psychobiological basis [Question]

Output: `Somatiform Disorders


Input: [Answer] Consciously producing physical symptoms to achieve a desire goal (back pain - time off work) [Question]

Output: Malingering


Input: [Answer] deliberately fabricating symptoms or inflicting self harm to assume the sick role [Question]

Output: Factitious disorder


Input: [Answer] a general, legitimate medical condition that is affected by stress or other psychological factors [Question]

Output: Psychosomatic illness


Input: [Answer] a lack of emotional concern about symptoms of a disorder or illness [Question]

Output: la belle indifference


Input: [Answer] Disorder marked by deficits in motor or sensory functions that do not correspond to current medical understanding [Question]

Output: Conversion Disorder


Input: [Answer] discomfort which leads to impairment for which there is no identifiable organic cause [Question]

Output: Pain Disorder


Input: [Answer] Preoccupation with imagined defects one's body that leads to obsessive and compulsive behaviors (mirror checking) [Question]

Output: Body Dysmorphic Disorder


Input: [Answer] presence of a number of somatic symptoms accompanied by significant functional impairment [Question]

Output: Somatization Disorder


Input: [Answer] Disorder in which clients misinterpret benign physical sensations as evidence of serious illness [Question]

Output: Hypochondriosis


Input: [Answer] benefits received from the the sick role (attention, release from work) [Question]

Output: Secondary Gains


Input: [Answer] persistant or recurrent alteration in the perception of the self even though reality testing is intact [Question]

Output: Depersonalization Disorder


Input: [Answer] inability to recall important personal information (usually of traumatic or stressful events) that cannot be explained as normal forgetfullness [Question]

Output: Dissociative Amnesia


Input: [Answer] sudden, unexpected travel outside one's normal locale and subsequent inability to recall identity or information about the past [Question]

Output: Dissociative Fugue


Input: [Answer] presence of two or more distinct personality states that alternate control [Question]

Output: Dissociative identity disorder (DID)


Input: [Answer] the individual personalities experienced by a client with DID [Question]

Output: Alternate Personality/ subpersonality


Input: [Answer] patient refuses to maintain a minimally normal weight for height and expresses fear of gaining weight (below 75% of ideal body weight) [Question]

Output: anorexia nervosa


Input: [Answer] repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging through vomiting misuse of laxatives, fasting or excercise [Question]

Output: Bulemia Nervosa


Input: [Answer] repeated episodes of binge eating without the use of compensative behaviors like purging [Question]

Output: Binge Eating Disorder


Input: [Answer] the normal ratio of weight for height [Question]

Output: Ideal Body Weight


Input: [Answer] a complication of eating disorder treatment in which the demands of a newly revitaized circulatory system cannot be met by the heart, can lead to cardiovascular collapse [Question]

Output: Refeeding Syndrome


Input: [Answer] the ideas that perpetuate an illness which can be reformed through therapy [Question]

Output: Cognitive Distortions


Input: [Answer] "an enduring pattern of behavior that is considered to be both conscious and unconscious and reflects a means of adapting to its environment [Question]

Output: Personality


Input: [Answer] an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture. It is pervasive over time, is inflexible. It has an onset in early adolescence or adulthood and leads to impairement [Question]

Output: Personality Disorder (PD)


Input: [Answer] characterized by distrust and suspiscious behavior toward others onthe basis of unsupported beliefs that others mean harm or are being deceptive [Question]

Output: Paranoid Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] a pervasive pattern of social detachment [Question]

Output: Schizoid Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] characterized by odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties, may have an eccentric apearance, use an individualized language, perceptual distortions, etc [Question]

Output: Schizotypal Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] displaying warm open behaviors toward others with the underlying purpose of using the other for to meet their own needs [Question]

Output: Manipulative


Input: [Answer] an unconscious feeling that ones needs are more important than those of others, they deny the negative effects of hurting others [Question]

Output: Entitlement


Input: [Answer] A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, adolescent onset [Question]

Output: Antisocial Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] A pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and effects and impulsivity [Question]

Output: Borderline Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others [Question]

Output: Narcissistic Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking [Question]

Output: Histrionic Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive, clinging behavior and fear of seperation [Question]

Output: Avoidant Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] A pervasive pattern preoccupation with ordiliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openess, and efficiency [Question]

Output: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation [Question]

Output: Avoidant Personality Disorder


Input: [Answer] a long term, detailed, cognitive-behavioral therapy approach specifically for borderline PD [Question]

Output: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)


Input: [Answer] statistics [Question]

Output: information in numerical form.


Input: [Answer] microeconomics [Question]

Output: the study of individuals, families, and businesses in the economy.


Input: [Answer] macroeconomics [Question]

Output: the study of the economy as a whole and is concerned with large-scale economic activity.


Input: [Answer] Positive economics [Question]

Output: studies economic behavior as it is.


Input: [Answer] Normative economics [Question]

Output: involves judgements of what economic behavior ought to be.


Input: [Answer] Adam Smith [Question]

Output: creditd for being the founder of economic studies; wrote the Wealth of Nations


Input: [Question] The _______ is located in the head and surrounded by the skull. [Answer]

Output: cranial cavity


Input: [Question] The ________ , also known as the chest cavity is surrounded by the breast bone and ribs. [Answer]

Output: thoracic cavity


Input: [Question] The space between the pleural membranes is the__________. [Answer]

Output: pleural cavity


Input: [Question] The large area between the lungs is the ____________. [Answer]

Output: mediastinum


Input: [Question] The _____________ is the space below the thoracic cavity. [Answer]

Output: abdominal cavity


Input: [Question] The __________ is the muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. [Answer]

Output: diaphragm


Input: [Question] The organs in the abdomen are covered by a double membrane called the _________. [Answer]

Output: peritoneum


Input: [Question] The _____________ is located below the abdominal cavity. [Answer]

Output: pelvic cavity


Input: [Question] The pelvic cavity is surrounded by the ______> [Answer]

Output: pelvis


Input: [Question] The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture [Answer]

Output: Agricultural Density


Input: [Question] The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering [Answer]

Output: Agricultural Revolution


Input: [Question] The total number of people divided by the total land area [Answer]

Output: Arithmetic Density


Input: [Question] A complete enumeration of a population [Answer]

Output: Census


Input: [Question] The total number of live births for every 1ooo people alive in the society [Answer]

Output: Crude Birth rate (CBR)


Input: [Question] The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 persons in the society [Answer]

Output: Crude Death Rate (CDR)


Input: [Question] The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of a low crude birth rate and death rates low rate of natural increase and a higher total population [Answer]

Output: Demographic Transition


Input: [Question] The scientific study of population characteristics [Answer]

Output: Demography


Input: [Question] The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force [Answer]

Output: Dependency Ratio


Input: [Question] The number of years needed to double a population assuming a constant rate of natural increase [Answer]

Output: Doubling Time


Input: [Question] The portion of the earth occupied by permanent human settlement [Answer]

Output: Ecumene


Input: [Question] The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area [Answer]

Output: Density


Input: [Question] The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. [Answer]

Output: Distribution


Input: [Question] A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods [Answer]

Output: Industrial Revolution


Input: [Question] The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old per 1000 live births in a society. [Answer]

Output: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)


Input: [Question] The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of year a newborn infant can expect to live. [Answer]

Output: Life Expectancy


Input: [Question] Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries [Answer]

Output: Medical Revolution


Input: [Question] The percentage of a population in a year, computed as crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. [Answer]

Output: Natural Increase Rate (NIR)


Input: [Question] The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. [Answer]

Output: Overpopulation


Input: [Question] The number of people per unit of land suitable for agriculture. (arable land) [Answer]

Output: Physiological Density


Input: [Question] A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex [Answer]

Output: Population Pyramid


Input: [Question] Individual age groups within a population pyramid [Answer]

Output: Population Cohort


Input: [Question] Number of males per 100 females in a population [Answer]

Output: Sex ratio


Input: [Question] The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years [Answer]

Output: Total Fertility Rate (TFR)


Input: [Question] A decline in the Total Fertility Rate to the point where the Natural Increase Rate equals Zero [Answer]

Output: Zero Population Growth


Input: [Question] Cumulative (compound) growth of a population over a given period of time [Answer]

Output: Exponential Growth


Input: [Question] TP = OP + B -- D + I – E [Answer]

Output: Demographic Change Formula


Input: [Question] 私 （わたし） [Answer]

Output: I, ME


Input: [Question] おとうと [Answer]

Output: MY YOUNGER BROTHER


Input: [Question] いもうと [Answer]

Output: MY YOUNGER SISTER


Input: [Question] あに [Answer]

Output: MY OLDER BROTHER


Input: [Question] あね [Answer]

Output: MY OLDER SISTER


Input: [Question] 父 （ちち） [Answer]

Output: MY FATHER


Input: [Question] 母 （はは） [Answer]

Output: MY MOTHER


Input: [Question] そふ [Answer]

Output: MY GRANDFATHER


Input: [Question] そぼ [Answer]

Output: MY GRANDMOTHER


Input: [Question] 友だち （ともだち） [Answer]

Output: FRIEND


Input: [Question] おとうとさん [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S YOUNGER BROTHER


Input: [Question] いもうとさん [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S YOUNGER SISTER


Input: [Question] おにいさん [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S OLDER BROTHER


Input: [Question] おねえさん [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S OLDER SISTER


Input: [Question] お父さん （おとうさん） [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S FATHER


Input: [Question] お母さん （おかあさん） [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S MOTHER


Input: [Question] おじいさん [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S GRANDFATHER


Input: [Question] おばあさん [Answer]

Output: SOMEONE ELSE'S GRANDMOTHER


Input: [Question] ペット [Answer]

Output: PET


Input: [Question] かぞく [Answer]

Output: FAMILY


Input: [Question] ごかぞく は 何人 います か [Answer]

Output: How many people are there in your family?


Input: [Question] かぞく は 四人 です。 [Answer]

Output: There are four people in my family.


Input: [Question] 母、父、いもうと が 二人 います。 [Answer]

Output: I have a mum, dad and two younger sisters.


Input: [Question] います [Answer]

Output: TO EXIST (LIVING THINGS)


Input: [Question] あります [Answer]

Output: TO EXIST (NON-LIVING THINGS)


Input: [Question] 一人 （ひとり） [Answer]

Output: ONE PERSON


Input: [Question] 二人 （ふたり） [Answer]

Output: TWO PEOPLE


Input: [Question] 三人 （さんにん） [Answer]

Output: THREE PEOPLE


Input: [Question] 四人 （よにん） [Answer]

Output: FOUR PEOPLE


Input: [Question] 五人 （ごにん） [Answer]

Output: FIVE PEOPLE


Input: [Question] おとうとさん が います か。 [Answer]

Output: Do you have a younger brother?


Input: [Question] おとうと が います。 [Answer]

Output: I have a younger brother.


Input: [Question] おとうと が いません。 [Answer]

Output: I don't have a younger brother.


Input: [Question] ペット を かって います か。 [Answer]

Output: Do you own any pets?


Input: [Question] いぬ を かって います。 [Answer]

Output: I own a dog.


Input: [Question] ペット を かって いません。 [Answer]

Output: I don't own any pets.


Input: [Question] ねこ [Answer]

Output: CAT


Input: [Question] いぬ [Answer]

Output: DOG


Input: [Question] とり [Answer]

Output: BIRD


Input: [Question] うま [Answer]

Output: HORSE


Input: [Question] ひつじ [Answer]

Output: SHEEP


Input: [Question] うさぎ [Answer]

Output: RABBIT


Input: [Question] うし [Answer]

Output: COW


Input: [Question] 目 （め） [Answer]

Output: EYES


Input: [Question] 耳 （みみ） [Answer]

Output: EARS


Input: [Question] 口 （くち） [Answer]

Output: MOUTH


Input: [Question] かみのけ [Answer]

Output: HAIR


Input: [Question] はな [Answer]

Output: NOSE


Input: [Question] て [Answer]

Output: HANDS


Input: [Question] うで [Answer]

Output: ARMS


Input: [Question] あし [Answer]

Output: LEGS/FEET


Input: [Question] あしのゆび [Answer]

Output: TOES


Input: [Question] ゆび [Answer]

Output: FINGERS


Input: [Question] あおい [Answer]

Output: BLUE


Input: [Question] あかい [Answer]

Output: RED


Input: [Question] しろい [Answer]

Output: WHITE


Input: [Question] くろい [Answer]

Output: BLACK


Input: [Question] みどりのいろ [Answer]

Output: GREEN


Input: [Question] オレンジ [Answer]

Output: ORANGE


Input: [Question] ピンク [Answer]

Output: PINK


Input: [Question] むるさき [Answer]

Output: PURPLE


Input: [Question] きいろ [Answer]

Output: YELLOW


Input: [Question] ちゃいろ [Answer]

Output: BROWN


Input: [Question] 母 の 目 は あおい です。 [Answer]

Output: My mum's eyes are blue.


Input: [Question] 父 の かみのけ は みじかい です。 [Answer]

Output: My dad's hair is short.


Input: [Question] あに は 耳 が 小さい です。 [Answer]

Output: My older brother has small ears.


Input: [Definition] Some magnets are found in nature. They are rocks that contain the mineral magnetite. [Term]

Output: Magnetite


Input: [Definition] The parts of a magnetic object where the magnetic force is the strongest. [Term]

Output: Magnet poles


Input: [Definition] The attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles (exerts a force!) [Term]

Output: Magnetic force


Input: [Definition] The area of magnetic force around a magnet. *can interact w/o even touching [Term]

Output: Magnetite field


Input: [Definition] Any material that attracts iron or material that contains iron. [Term]

Output: Magnet


Input: [Definition] All or most of the magnetic domains are facing the same way. [Term]

Output: Magnetic domains


Input: [Definition] A material that shows strong magnetic properties. [Term]

Output: Ferromagnetic material


Input: [Definition] A magnet made from material that easily loses it's magnetism. [Term]

Output: Temporary magnets


Input: [Definition] A magnet made of material that keeps its magnetism. [Term]

Output: Permanent magnet


Input: [Definition] If you break a magnet in half ... You just make a smaller magnet w/ a north and a South Pole. [Term]

Output: Breaking magnets


Input: [Definition] Device that has a magnetized needle that spins freely. [Term]

Output: Compass


Input: [Definition] The angle between geographic north and the north. [Term]

Output: Magnetic declination


Input: [Definition] Two doughnut-shaped regions regions 1,000-25,000 kilometers above earth that contain electrons and protons traveling at high speed. [Term]

Output: Van Allan Belts


Input: [Definition] Streams of electrically charged particles flowing at high speeds from the sun. [Term]

Output: Solar wind


Input: [Definition] Magnetosphere- The region of earth's magnetic field shaped by the solar wind. Aurora- A glowing region produced by the interaction of charged particles from the sun and atoms in the atmosphere. [Term]

Output: Magnetosphere and Aurora


Input: [Definition] Repels [Term]

Output: Like poles


Input: [Definition] Attract [Term]

Output: Opposite poles


Input: [Definition] Spread out from one pole, curve around the magnet, and return to the other pole. [Term]

Output: Magnetic field lines


Input: [Definition] 1. Attract iron or materials that contain iron. 2. Attract or repel other magnets. 3. One part will always point north. [Term]

Output: Properties of magnets


Input: [Definition] Never cross [Term]

Output: Magnetic field lines


Input: [Definition] The spinning motion of a body on its axis. [Term]

Output: Rotation


Input: [Definition] The motion of a planet around the sun. [Term]

Output: Revolution


Input: [Definition] The Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees. [Term]

Output: What causes the seasons on the Earth?


Input: [Definition] Days in which day and night are of equal duration. [Term]

Output: Equinoxes


Input: [Definition] First day of spring. [Term]

Output: Vernal Equinox


Input: [Definition] First day of FALL in September. [Term]

Output: Autumnal Equinox


Input: [Definition] 1. Placing an unmagnetized ferromagnetic material in a strong magnetic field. 2. Rubbing the same material with one pole of a magnet. [Term]

Output: How do you make magnets?


Input: [Definition] 1. Dropping it or hitting it hard can cause the domains to be knocked out of alignment. 2. Heating a magnet causes the particles les of that material to vibrate faster and more random, making it difficult for the domains to stay aligned. [Term]

Output: How to destroy a magnet.


Input: [Definition] A magnetic field that makes the electron behave like a tiny magnet Ina atom. [Term]

Output: What does a spinning electron produce?


Input: [Definition] Giant bar magnet [Term]

Output: The earth is like a


Input: [Definition] A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means [Term]

Output: Elements


Input: [Definition] The smallest particle of an atom [Term]

Output: Atom


Input: [Definition] A pure substance made of two or more elements that are combination with other elements [Term]

Output: Compound


Input: [Definition] Compounds are represented by [Term]

Output: Chemical formulas


Input: [Definition] Is two or more substance- elements, compounds, or both- that are in the same place but are not chemically combined [Term]

Output: Mixture


Input: [Definition] Consists of visibly different substance or phrases [Term]

Output: Heterogeneous mixtures


Input: [Definition] Has same uniform appearance and composition throughout [Term]

Output: Homogenous mixture


Input: [Definition] A mixture in which the molecules of one substance, known as the solute, are dissolved in another substance, known as the solvent [Term]

Output: Solution


Input: [Definition] A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration [Term]

Output: Suspension


Input: [Definition] A mixture in which particles do not dissolve, but are too small to see and do not settle out [Term]

Output: Colloid


Input: [Definition] The act or process of filtering, especially the process of passing a liquid or gas, such as air, through a filter in order to remove solid particles [Term]

Output: Filtration


Input: [Definition] Passing a magnet over a mixture to remove the magnetic particles from within the mixture [Term]

Output: Magnetic attraction


Input: [Definition] The conservation of a liquid into vapor in order to remove it wholly or partly from a liquid of a higher boiling point or from solids dissolved in or mixed with it. Boiling salt water will evaporate the water and leave the salt behind [Term]

Output: Evaporation


Input: [Definition] Allowing a suspension to sit still will cause the larger, heavier particles to settle, or sink to the bottom [Term]

Output: Settling


Input: [Definition] the separation of mixtures into their constituents by preferential absorption by a solid, as a column of silica or a strip of filter paper or by gel [Term]

Output: Chromatography


Input: [Definition] The part of a solution present in the largest amount [Term]

Output: Solvent


Input: [Definition] The substance that is present in the smallest amount [Term]

Output: Solute


Input: [Definition] Refers to the amount of one substance in another [Term]

Output: Concentration


Input: [Definition] A mixture that has only a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent [Term]

Output: Dilute solution


Input: [Definition] A mixture that has a lot of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent [Term]

Output: Concentrated solution


Input: [Definition] is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature [Term]

Output: Solubility


Input: [Definition] when you've added so much solute that no more dissolves, you have a [Term]

Output: Saturated solution


Input: [Definition] if you continue to dissolve more solute, you have an [Term]

Output: Unsaturated solution


Input: [Definition] increase it and you can dissolve more solute, like carbon dioxide in soda. Decrease it and the solute will come out, like when you open soda [Term]

Output: Pressure


Input: [Definition] certain things dissolve certain things better than others [Term]

Output: Type of solvent


Input: [Definition] for example a hot cup of tea will dissolve more sugar than a cold cup of tea..... but cold soda will dissolve more carbon dioxide gas than warm soda. [Term]

Output: Temperature


Input: [Definition] the ability to do work. [Term]

Output: Energy


Input: [Definition] energy of motion [Term]

Output: Kinetic energy


Input: [Definition] energy of position, stored energy [Term]

Output: Potential energy


Input: [Definition] when an energy source can not be replaced in your lifetime it is considered nonrenewable ` [Term]

Output: Nonrenewable energy source


Input: [Definition] splitting an atom's nucleus into two small nuclei [Term]

Output: Nuclear fission


Input: [Definition] Combining two atomic nuclei to produce one larger nucleus [Term]

Output: Nuclear fusion


Input: [Definition] Will never run out, it is sustainable [Term]

Output: Renewable energy source


Input: [Definition] generates heat and energy electricity from the sun directly or using photovoltaic cells [Term]

Output: Solar energy


Input: [Definition] converts kinetic energy into electricity using windmills with large blades that require 11-13 mile per hour winds on average to operate and generate electricity. [Term]

Output: Wind energy


Input: [Definition] creating dams in running water capture the kinetic energy as it moves [Term]

Output: Hydroelectric power


Input: [Definition] is using waste products to produce energy [Term]

Output: Biomass


Input: [Definition] the intense heat from the earth's interior that warms the magma beneath Earth's surface [Term]

Output: Geothermal energy


Input: [Definition] energy can not be created or destroyed it can only be converted from one form to another [Term]

Output: Law of conservation of energy


Input: [Definition] look at the lines [Term]

Output: How do you read a solubility chart?


Input: [Definition] we experience summer [Term]

Output: Towards the sun


Input: [Definition] we experience winter [Term]

Output: Away from the sun


Input: [Definition] the winter solstice is the shortest day of sunlight of the year. [Term]

Output: Solstices


Input: [Definition] It is what enables a compass to work. Many animals seem to navigate using it. [Term]

Output: Result's of the Earth's magnetic field


Input: [Definition] causing the material to be magnetized [Term]

Output: Domain


Input: [Answer] cranial cavity [Question]

Output: The _______ is located in the head and surrounded by the skull.


Input: [Answer] thoracic cavity [Question]

Output: The ________ , also known as the chest cavity is surrounded by the breast bone and ribs.


Input: [Answer] pleural cavity [Question]

Output: The space between the pleural membranes is the__________.


Input: [Answer] mediastinum [Question]

Output: The large area between the lungs is the ____________.


Input: [Answer] abdominal cavity [Question]

Output: The _____________ is the space below the thoracic cavity.


Input: [Answer] diaphragm [Question]

Output: The __________ is the muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities.


Input: [Answer] peritoneum [Question]

Output: The organs in the abdomen are covered by a double membrane called the _________.


Input: [Answer] pelvic cavity [Question]

Output: The _____________ is located below the abdominal cavity.


Input: [Answer] pelvis [Question]

Output: The pelvic cavity is surrounded by the ______>


Input: [Answer] proved that something has been recognized [Question]

Output: identified


Input: [Answer] full of ideas and willing to try things; showing energy and initiative [Question]

Output: enterprising


Input: [Answer] the ability to keep trying in spite of difficulties or obstacles [Question]

Output: persistence


Input: [Answer] a project that involves some risk taking [Question]

Output: venture


Input: [Answer] move forward, improve, advance [Question]

Output: promote


Input: [Answer] importance, urgency, necessity [Question]

Output: priority


Input: [Answer] causing great ruin; extremely destructive [Question]

Output: devastating


Input: [Answer] sense of duty; dedication [Question]

Output: commitment


Input: [Definition] diversify, try many types of things-not just one [Term]

Output: to put all your eggs in one basket


Input: [Definition] to be an important person [Term]

Output: to be a fat cat


Input: [Definition] to move very slowly [Term]

Output: to move at a snail's pace


Input: [Definition] to wait anxiously or nervously [Term]

Output: to be on pins and needles


Input: [Definition] If the description is correct, accept it. [Term]

Output: If the show fits, wear it.


Input: [Definition] a coincidence in a distant place by meeting someone from the same hometown, a family member, or a friend [Term]

Output: What a small world!


Input: [Definition] Something that will never happen [Term]

Output: when fish fly, or when pigs fly


Input: [Definition] to be very sad [Term]

Output: to have a broken heart


Input: [Definition] to be extremely quiet [Term]

Output: to be as quiet as a mouse


Input: [Definition] to be very difficult to find or uncover [Term]

Output: to find a needle in a haystack


Input: [Definition] to lose a lot of money with little hope of making a profit [Term]

Output: to be a money pit


Input: [Definition] to do something illegal [Term]

Output: to exchange money under the table


Input: [Definition] to be correct or accurate [Term]

Output: to hit the nail on the head


Input: [Definition] to worry about things/actions that cannot be taken back after they are said or done [Term]

Output: to cry over spilt milk


Input: [Definition] What a person does not have always looks better than what another person has [Term]

Output: The grass is always greener on the other side.


Input: [Definition] to do something without a real purpose; to play around [Term]

Output: to be straddling the fence


Input: [Definition] to have a tight deadline [Term]

Output: to run against the clock


Input: [Definition] to be in trouble [Term]

Output: to have the face in the sand


Input: [Definition] to be extremely smart [Term]

Output: to be as sharp as a tack


Input: [Definition] to not be able to see the truth [Term]

Output: to be a babe in the woods


Input: [Definition] to say something wrong [Term]

Output: to put your foot in your mouth


Input: [Definition] to be unable to accomplish anything [Term]

Output: to monkey around


Input: [Definition] It is raining very hard. [Term]

Output: It's raining cats and dogs!


Input: [Definition] to go through a lot of unnecessary trouble to please someone [Term]

Output: to jump through hoops


Input: [Definition] You cannot just go out and accidentally find money [Term]

Output: Money doesn't grow on trees.


Input: [Definition] Even small amounts of money are worth saving. [Term]

Output: A penny saved is a penny earned.


Input: [Definition] to get an idea [Term]

Output: A light bulb went off.


Input: [Definition] to feel a very little time has passed when actually a lot of time has gone by [Term]

Output: Time flies when you're having fun.


Input: [Definition] It's almost too late. [Term]

Output: Time is running out.


Input: [Definition] an innocent person in a difficult situation [Term]

Output: to be in the dog house


Input: [Answer] 12-17 - if not by 17 then healthcare investigation to check hormones [Question]

Output: What is most common range of beginning of menarche


Input: [Answer] sprays can cause irritation and douching increases vaginal infections [Question]

Output: Why are vaginal sprays and douching not recommended


Input: [Answer] Amenorrhea (as in AMEN no more periods) May be due to primary (never starts) or secondary (occures after menstration starts) or r/t pregnancy [Question]

Output: ____ the absence of menarche or menstration


Input: [Answer] Menorrhagia [Question]

Output: A dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) or abnormal bleeding pattern where bleeding is excessive at REGULAR intervals


Input: [Answer] Metrorrhagia- Often referred to as spotting [Question]

Output: A dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) or abnormal bleeding pattern where bleeding is EXCESSIVE between cycles or IRREGULAR


Input: [Answer] Uterine fibroids, menopause, and endometral cancer [Question]

Output: What should be ruled out when faced with a dysfunctional uterine bleeding (menorrhagia or metrorrhagia)


Input: [Answer] Dysmenorrhea - there is an increase in prostaglandins so take NSAID, can double the dose [Question]

Output: ____ is a painful menstration occures one day before or at start of mencese and usually have relief by second day


Input: [Answer] Primary is not related to an underlying condition or pathology where secondary is [Question]

Output: Differentiate between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea (painful menstration)


Input: [Answer] oral contraceptives (prevent ovulation), exercise (walking),rest, heat, nutrition and biofeedback [Question]

Output: Other than NSAID's, what is the management of dysmenorrhea


Input: [Answer] dysmenorrhea [Question]

Output: sociocultural impact of ____ is missing school or work and the emotional upset this causes


Input: [Answer] Premenstrual syndrom (PMS) [Question]

Output: ____ is a symptom complex associated with menstral cycle, starts about a week prior to menstration with leuteal phase


Input: [Answer] diet, vit B6, antidepressents [Question]

Output: Management of PMS


Input: [Answer] PMS [Question]

Output: The psychosocial impact of ____ includes an emotional association with cycle, impact on family work and friends and increases incedent over age 30


Input: [Answer] menopause - Dx after one year without menstration [Question]

Output: ____ is a normal process, not a disorder where ovaries stop producting estrogen


Input: [Answer] ovaries, not the uterus (hysterectomy) [Question]

Output: surgical menopause is removal of ____


Input: [Answer] vasomotor symptom [Question]

Output: ____motor symptoms cause hot flashes (flushing and nightsweats) of menopause


Input: [Answer] hotflashes, sleep disturbances, emotional (depression and anxiety), vaginal atrophy and drying, weaking of pelvic floor and dyspareunia (painful intercourse) [Question]

Output: symptoms of menopause


Input: [Answer] hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). If have uterus, ERT is bad causes hyperplasia but the heart likes estrogen [Question]

Output: Management of menopause


Input: [Answer] Total abdominal hysterectomy, Total vaginal hysterectomy and Bilateral salpinges ooporectomy (take out the tubes and ovaries) [Question]

Output: What do the three types of hysterectomy (TAV, TVH, and TAH BSO) stand for


Input: [Answer] cancer, fibroids, severe endometriosis, chronic PID, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and pelvic relaxation (cystocele and or rectocele due to weakening of the vaginal wall and the bladder or rectum pouch into vagina) [Question]

Output: reproductive surgery is used for the treatment of which disorders


Input: [Answer] After period b/c hormones ar lowest [Question]

Output: When is the best time to do a breast self examination


Input: [Answer] If having sex without monogomus partner (identify STI's/vaginitis) or by age 18 [Question]

Output: What percipitates the first pelvic exam & pap smears


Input: [Answer] Pap smear - cervical cytology to look for dysplasia (abnormal cells) [Question]

Output: Cervical cancer used to have a high mortality rate, why has it decreased significantly


Input: [Answer] ASC-US some cells are abnormal (dysplasia) may be due to infection or HPV. ASC-H is dysplasia - small possibility of precancerous changes [Question]

Output: Name the two strands for atypical squamous cells (ASC) and what they mean


Input: [Answer] The risk of low grade dysplasia transforming into high grade dysplasia and, eventually, cancer is low. Treatment is usually straightforward. High grade dysplasia represents a more advanced progression towards malignant transformation [Question]

Output: dysplasia can be either low grade (LSIL low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) or high grade (HSIL high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) what is the significance of each


Input: [Answer] Gonorrhea and Chlamydia [Question]

Output: What two STI cause the majority of pelvic inflammator disease (PID)


Input: [Answer] early and multiple sex partners [Question]

Output: Etiology of pevic inflammatory disease


Input: [Answer] primary is screening yearly and education, secondary is early recognition (can be asymptomatic) [Question]

Output: what is primary and secondary prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease


Input: [Answer] Symptoms may go away but still have disease. Test for cure in two weeks, may need hospitalization when oral antibiotics don't work and surgery to remove pelvic abscess (can be life threatening) [Question]

Output: Why is follow up important for antibiotic therapy for PID


Input: [Answer] scarring [Question]

Output: The goal of antibiotic therapy for PID is to prevent ____ of fallopian tubes


Input: [Answer] completing course of antibiotic therapy, potential for recurring infection, chronic PID and outcome (loss of reproductive capabiity) [Question]

Output: teritary prevention of PID includes what


Input: [Answer] endometriosis - can adhear to organs - stick together and scarring [Question]

Output: ___ implantation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus


Input: [Answer] endometriosis [Question]

Output: dysmenorrhea (pain), dyspareunia (painful intercourse), pelvic pain, constipation (pain on defecation) and infertility are all symptoms of


Input: [Answer] painful intercouse because of adheasions, the cervix hurts when moved, normally shouldn't [Question]

Output: Why is dysparenunia a symptom of endometroisis


Input: [Answer] pseudopregnancy (oral contraceptives) and pseudomenopause (androgenic agents such as Danazol & Lupron) or (GnRHa Leuprolide) [Question]

Output: How is more severe endometriosis managed


Input: [Answer] lacroscopy to remove endometrial foci, hysterectomy, and possible salpingo-oophorectomy [Question]

Output: What are the surgical interventions for endometriosis


Input: [Answer] Both are inability to concieve despite unprotected intercourse for one year, but secondary happens whith previous conception [Question]

Output: What is the difference between primary and secondary infertility


Input: [Answer] 10-15% of all couples have impared fertility. 1/3 male, 1/3 female and 1/3 both [Question]

Output: What is the incidence of infertility


Input: [Answer] abnormal sperm, obstructed genital tract, abnormal genital tract secretions and ejactulation problems [Question]

Output: etiology of male infertility


Input: [Answer] unfavorable vaginal/cervical environment (natural antibiotics against sperm), lack of endometrial preparation or endometriosis, anovulation, ostuctions b/t cervix, uterus, tubes, ovaries, & PID [Question]

Output: female etiology of female infertility


Input: [Answer] when the couple as tried unsuccessfully to concieve for 12 months or more [Question]

Output: when is investigation or referral for infertility suggested


Input: [Answer] Woman is over 35, irregular menses, has severe dysmenorrhea or dyspareunia or a medical hx of: mumps in male, repeated miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, PID or pelvic surgery in female, and serious medical problems in either partner [Question]

Output: When is earlier infertility investigation or referral determined


Input: [Answer] cervical factors (spinnbarkeit or stretchy mucus and ferning under microscope) [Question]

Output: secondary prevention (tests for infertility) include ovulation, endometrial biopsy and evaluation of what


Input: [Answer] FSH, LH and progesterone [Question]

Output: When assessing for infertility, which hormones are reviewed


Input: [Answer] basal body temp (drops at ovulation then rises), cervical mucus (stretchy), and hormonal assessment kit (FSH & LH) [Question]

Output: what are three methods a woman can use to see when she is ovulating


Input: [Answer] hysterosalpingogram [Question]

Output: ____ is evaluation of uterine structures and tubal patency


Input: [Answer] motility, morphology and number [Question]

Output: When assessing the male's sperm what is analyzed


Input: [Answer] resolve (support organization), counseling, adoption, and pregnancy after infertility [Question]

Output: Tertiary prevention of infertility includes


Input: [Answer] Menorrhagia Depending upon the cause, it may be associated with abnormally painful periods (dysmenorrhea). [Question]

Output: _____ is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular intervals. Causes may be due to abnormal blood clotting, disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of the endometrial lining of the uterus.


Input: [Answer] Metrorrhagia-May or may not be associate with the post-menopausal period. [Question]

Output: _____ refers to vaginal bleeding among premenopausal women that is not synchronized with their menstrual period. It is often referred to as spotting.


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Study of human behavior in society or science that attempts to understand "social forces" [Term/Concept]

Output: Sociology


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Things outside of us that shape life, interests, personality [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Forces


Input: [Definition/Explanation] ability to both participate in social life and step back and analyze the broader meaning of what is going on, insight into the lives of people and society [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Imagination


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Realities of the life we create together as social beings [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Conditions


Input: [Definition/Explanation] all the expectations and incentives established by other people in a person's social world [Term/Concept]

Output: Environment


Input: [Definition/Explanation] environment [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Conditions are dependent upon ______________


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Individual choice is always shaped to some extent by environment. [Term/Concept]

Output: Individual Choice is never entirely free. Why?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Using social context to evaluate and intepret individual actions, or the ability to see social patterns that influence individual and group life [Term/Concept]

Output: Sociological Perspective


Input: [Definition/Explanation] One of 1st to write about sociological perspective. Belived social and historical context were necessary to understand the experience of a people. [Term/Concept]

Output: C. Wright Mills


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Organized patterns of social relationships and social institutions that constitute society [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Structure


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Repeated patterns of behavior that influence social life (such as student, teacher, administrator interactions) [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Relationships


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Established, organized systems of social behavior with a particular recognized purpose. [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Institutions


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Marriage, Government, Religion [Term/Concept]

Output: Examples of Social Institutions


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Alternation of society over time. Society is not static, constantly changing. [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Change


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Behavior between 2 or more people that is given meaning. [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Interactions


Input: [Definition/Explanation] social interactions [Term/Concept]

Output: Society results from _________________.


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Privately felt problems springing from events or feelings in one individuals life. [Term/Concept]

Output: Troubles


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Affect larges numbers of people and have origins in the institutional arrangements of history and society [Term/Concept]

Output: Issues


Input: [Definition/Explanation] A discipline that requires that conclusions be based on careful and systematic observations. Sociology is one of these disciplines. [Term/Concept]

Output: Empirical Discipline


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Sets of ideas and theories that sociologists use in attempting to understand the problems of human society. [Term/Concept]

Output: Sociological Perspectives


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Interprets segments of society in terms of how they contribute to the whole. Focus on large scale structures and seeking equilibrium. A macro theory. [Term/Concept]

Output: Functionalism


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Not good at explaning social change - society is seldom at equilibrium [Term/Concept]

Output: Weaknesses of Functionalism


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, Robert Merton [Term/Concept]

Output: Key Theorists of Functionlism


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Occurs in the family and other primary intimate groups in a child's life [Term/Concept]

Output: Primary Socialization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] The way people learn to conform to their society's norms, values, and roles. [Term/Concept]

Output: Socialization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Occurs in later childhood and adolescense [Term/Concept]

Output: Seconday Socialization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] learning new roles and statuses in the adult world [Term/Concept]

Output: Adult Socialization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] The raw human urges of unsocialized individuals. Totally self-centered. [Term/Concept]

Output: ID


Input: [Definition/Explanation] the conscience - internalization of parents values and morals, awareness of others. [Term/Concept]

Output: SUPEREGO


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Perception of ourselves in relation to others. [Term/Concept]

Output: EGO


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Blank slate - Behavior can be conditioned. [Term/Concept]

Output: Behavorists see humans as Tabula Rasa, meaning:


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Family (primary), School, Media [Term/Concept]

Output: Agents of Socialization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Self is outcome of socialization. Capacity to represent to oneself what one wishes to communicate to others. [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Construction of the Self


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Interactions with others and language (communication) [Term/Concept]

Output: Two elements of social construction of the self


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Idea of the "looking glass self." People understand themselves by the way others act towards them. [Term/Concept]

Output: Charles H. Cooley


Input: [Definition/Explanation] When one reacts to the feedback by becoming what the other person has reflected back to them [Term/Concept]

Output: Self Fulfilling Prophecy


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Belived that infants were socialized and develople selves and personalities by observing others - taking the role of the other [Term/Concept]

Output: George H. Mead


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Is a social construction or creation [Term/Concept]

Output: Self/Personality


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Gaining confidence (birth - 2), play and role-taking (4-7), game stage (8 +) [Term/Concept]

Output: Stage Theory Stages


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Constraints of society learned in the game stage [Term/Concept]

Output: Generalized other


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Acquired both consciously and unconsciously, transmitted by symbols, constantly changing [Term/Concept]

Output: Three Features of Culture


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Far below the conscious, just below conscious, fully conscious [Term/Concept]

Output: Three levels of cultural acquisition


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Ideas/Values, Norms, and Materials [Term/Concept]

Output: Three Dimensions of Culture


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Ideologies, and Technologies [Term/Concept]

Output: Two Aspects of Culture


Input: [Definition/Explanation] A combination of values and norms that all members of society are expected to believe in and act upon without question - religion, economics, government [Term/Concept]

Output: Ideologies


Input: [Definition/Explanation] The things, or material culture, and the norms for using them in a particular culture [Term/Concept]

Output: Technologies


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Set of rules and understandings that control the behavior of individuals and groups in a culture [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Control


Input: [Definition/Explanation] How things are done - norms that allow society to achieve relatively peaceful social control [Term/Concept]

Output: Normative Order


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Punishments or rewards for breaking or keeping the norms [Term/Concept]

Output: Sanctions


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Norms considered to be vital to the survival of society - most strongly sanctioned [Term/Concept]

Output: Mores


Input: [Definition/Explanation] More informal norms, less strongly sanctioned [Term/Concept]

Output: Folkways


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Formalized, written down, norms of a society [Term/Concept]

Output: Laws


Input: [Definition/Explanation] 2 or more individuals who interact, share goals and norms, and have a subjective awareness as "we" OR who share a common identity and belonging and interact on a regular basis [Term/Concept]

Output: Group


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Example: Teenagers, Truck Drivers. Not considered a group by sociological standards. [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Category


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Group consisting of exactly two people. [Term/Concept]

Output: Dyad


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Group consisting of three people. [Term/Concept]

Output: Triad


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Person not apart of the interaction in a Triad. [Term/Concept]

Output: Isolate


Input: [Definition/Explanation] The tendency of a triad to segregate into a pair (dyad) and an isolate. [Term/Concept]

Output: Tridiac segregation


Input: [Definition/Explanation] German sociologist who studied small groups such as dyads and triads. [Term/Concept]

Output: Georg Simmel


Input: [Definition/Explanation] The effects of group number on behavior [Term/Concept]

Output: group size effects


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Introduced concept of the PRIMARY GROUP - in his view this was early, intimate groups like family and peer groups of the young child [Term/Concept]

Output: Charles Horton Cooley


Input: [Definition/Explanation] a group consisting of intimate, face to face interaction and cooperation, relatively long lasting relationships. Have expressive (emotional) bonds. Provide intimacy, companionship and emotional support. Have great impact on social life and social control [Term/Concept]

Output: Primary Group


Input: [Definition/Explanation] based on attraction to particular others. Usually these are the people in our primary groups, based on proximity, small number of peeps, and intense frequent interactions [Term/Concept]

Output: Expressive bonds


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Larger in membership, less intimate and less long lasting. Can occasionally act like primary groups, especially in times of crisis. [Term/Concept]

Output: Secondary groups


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Also called socioemotional needs. People tend to have these needs met in Primary groups. [Term/Concept]

Output: Expressive needs


Input: [Definition/Explanation] attachments to others based on our need to achieve certain goals. Task oriented needs. [Term/Concept]

Output: Instrumental needs


Input: [Definition/Explanation] groups to which one may not necessarily belong, but that are used as standards for evaluating values, attitudes, and behavior. A reference point. Identification with these groups can strongly influence self evaluation and self esteem. [Term/Concept]

Output: Reference groups


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Members recruited according to criteria, members aware of belonging to group, have social structure arising from interaction, develop attachment, develop group norms and goals, have potential for conflict [Term/Concept]

Output: Characteristics of Social Groups


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Concept by W I Thomas. If we have a sense of "us" (the in group) we will also have a sense of "them" (the out group) [Term/Concept]

Output: In Groups vs. Out Groups


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Principal that we make inferences about the personalities and capabilities of others, usually based on whether they are an "in" or "out" group member. Usually distorted perceptions. Studied by Pettigrew. [Term/Concept]

Output: Attribution Theory


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Erros made in attributing causes for people's behavior to their membership in a particular group. We tend to positively perceive people in our in group and negatively perceive those in out groups regardless of the actual characteristic [Term/Concept]

Output: Attribution Error


Input: [Definition/Explanation] A set of links between individuals or between other social units, such as bureaucratic orgs or even entire nations [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Networks


Input: [Definition/Explanation] We all think other people yield to pressure to conform - but not us. [Term/Concept]

Output: Not Me Syndrome


Input: [Definition/Explanation] tendency for group members to reach a concensus opinion, even if the decision is bad/stupid. [Term/Concept]

Output: Groupthink


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Illusion of invulnerability, false impression of antagonists, dissention is discouraged and equated with disloyalty, illusion of unanimity. [Term/Concept]

Output: Patterns of Groupthink


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Tendency for groups to weigh risks differently than individuals do. Can shift to either higher risk or lower risk taking. [Term/Concept]

Output: Risky Shift or Polarization Shift


Input: [Definition/Explanation] sense that one's self has merged with the group - blame and responsiblity are "shared" [Term/Concept]

Output: Deindividuation


Input: [Definition/Explanation] large secondary group, highly organized to accomplish complex tasks and goals [Term/Concept]

Output: Formal Organization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] People join these organizations to pursue goals they consider worthwhile - often called voluntary organizations. Class, race, ethnicity, and gender play a role in what organzation one joins. [Term/Concept]

Output: Normative Organizations


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Characterized by membership that is largely involuntary. Prisons and mental hospitals are examples. [Term/Concept]

Output: Coercive organizations


Input: [Definition/Explanation] An organization cut off from the rest of society in which resident individuals are subject to strict social control - as in hospitals or prisons [Term/Concept]

Output: Total Institution


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Large organizations that individuals join for specific purposes, such as monitary reward. [Term/Concept]

Output: Utilitarian organization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] formal organization characterized by an authority hierarchy, clear division of labor, explicit rules and impersonality [Term/Concept]

Output: Bureaucracy


Input: [Definition/Explanation] belief that OUR group is the best, or maybe the only right one, and that all others are inferior [Term/Concept]

Output: Ethnocentrism


Input: [Definition/Explanation] formality increases, personal satisfaction decreases, intimacy decreases, more difficult to reach concensus, cliques form, individuals address group (impersonality) [Term/Concept]

Output: What are the effects of group size increasing


Input: [Definition/Explanation] those where you return what you receive, and both parties of the relationship contribute [Term/Concept]

Output: reciprocal relationships


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Pleasure, rationality, reciprocity, and fairness [Term/Concept]

Output: Principals of Group Interaction


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Rigid adherence to rules and practices which can produce a slavinsh following of them [Term/Concept]

Output: Ritualism


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Stresses on rules and proceedures resulting in a decrease in organizational cohesion, resulting in the individual becoming psychologically separated from the organization and its goals. [Term/Concept]

Output: Alienation


Input: [Definition/Explanation] efficiency, calculability, predictability, control [Term/Concept]

Output: Dimesions of McDonaldization


Input: [Definition/Explanation] high degree of division of labor or specilization, hierarchy of authority, rules and regulations, impersonal relationships [Term/Concept]

Output: Ideal Bureaucracy


Input: [Definition/Explanation] the informal culture evolved within a bureaucracy in reaction to its formality and impersonality, can be attempts to humanize impersonal organizations [Term/Concept]

Output: Bureaucracy's other face


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and norms. Deviance defined in social context, not individual acts. What is deviant to some is not deviant to others. Deviance is socially defined - not simply an act. [Term/Concept]

Output: Deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] behavior that breaks laws or official rules [Term/Concept]

Output: Formal deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] behavior that violated customary norms [Term/Concept]

Output: Informal deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Social groups create deviance by their reactions. Deviance also defined by place, time and who witnesses the behavior. [Term/Concept]

Output: Who creates deviance?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] societies need deviance to know what normal behavior is defined to be - Deviance produces social solidarity (cohesion), occurs more often when attachment to social bonds is dimished, stems from structural strains in society [Term/Concept]

Output: Functionalistic view of deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Defining deviance as an individual sickness or pathology - this ignores the social factors that contribute to deviance [Term/Concept]

Output: Medicalization of Deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Deviance is learned and reinforced in group membership, results from process of social labeling, deviance is produced by those with the power to label deviance [Term/Concept]

Output: Symbolic Interaction Theory and Deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Dominant class controls definition of deviance. Deviance results from inequality. Elite deviance goes largely unrecognized and unpunished. [Term/Concept]

Output: Conflict Theory of Deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] a normless state of society, when social regulations break down and controlling influences of society are no longer affective [Term/Concept]

Output: Anomie


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Occurs when disintegrating forces in society make individuals feel lost or alone - ex: those who have been sexually abused or have alcoholc parents are more likely to commit suicide [Term/Concept]

Output: Anomic suicide


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Occurs when people are excessively dominated by the expectations of their social group [Term/Concept]

Output: Altruistic suicide


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Occurs when individual feels totally detatched from society. ex: suicide by the elderly when their social ties and bonds break down [Term/Concept]

Output: Egoistic suicide


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Suicide is a sociological phenomenon, not just individual phenomenon [Term/Concept]

Output: Durkheim's view of suicide


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Structural Strain theory. [Term/Concept]

Output: Robert Merton


Input: [Definition/Explanation] deviance explained by the gap between cultural goals and the means social structure provides to achieve those goals [Term/Concept]

Output: Structural Strain Theory


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Depends upon circumstances under which it was performed and the audience [Term/Concept]

Output: Deviant quality of an act


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Innovative deviance, ritualistic deviance, retreatism deviance, or rebellion [Term/Concept]

Output: Forms of deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] When a cultural goal is accepted, but nontraditional means are available and used to achieve the goal. An example is when a woman accepts the cultural goal of attaining wealth, but resorts to using prostitution in order to attain it. [Term/Concept]

Output: Innovative deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] When neither the goals or the means to achieve them are available to a person. Example is a severe alcoholic. [Term/Concept]

Output: Retreatism deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] When the goal is perceived an unattainable, but the means to achieve it are plentiful. Example: bulemia - they never feel thin enough, it seems unattainable, but there are plenty of means to be thin and in shape [Term/Concept]

Output: Ritualistic deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] When new goals are substituted for more traditional ones and new, untraditional means are taken to replace older ones [Term/Concept]

Output: Rebellion


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Developed Social Control Theory [Term/Concept]

Output: Travis Hirschi


Input: [Definition/Explanation] states that deviance occurs when a person's or group's attatchment to social bonds is weakened - people internalize social norms because of their attachment to others [Term/Concept]

Output: Social Control Theory


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Does not explain how norms of deviance are first established, does little to explain why some behaviors are labeled normative and others not. Tendency to assume that systems of behavior work for the good of the whole and ignores inequality. [Term/Concept]

Output: Weakness of Functionlist perspective on Deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] states that the economic organization of capitalist societies produce deviance and crime. See crimes in terms of power relationships and economic inequality. [Term/Concept]

Output: Conflict Theories of Deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Conflict Theory and Functionalist theory [Term/Concept]

Output: Macrostructural theories on Deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations [Term/Concept]

Output: Social control


Input: [Definition/Explanation] those who regulate and administer the response to deviance - such as police or mental health workers [Term/Concept]

Output: Social control agents


Input: [Definition/Explanation] wrong doing of the wealthy and/or powerful individuals and organizations. Example: white collar crime [Term/Concept]

Output: Elite deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Laws and social structure can work for the protection and benefit of others, not just the elite. Good analysis of crime, but not good analysis of other forms of deviance - economic interests alone cannot explain all of the deviance in society [Term/Concept]

Output: Conflict Theory's weaknesses in explaining deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Symbolic interaction theories of deviance [Term/Concept]

Output: Microsociological deviance theory


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Based in the belief that people behave as they do because of the meanings they attribute to situations - these theories emphasize meanings surrounding deviance and how people respond to those meanings [Term/Concept]

Output: Symbolic interaction theories and deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] a normal response to social conditions in which people find themselves - deviance can be a problem of social conditions, not individual character [Term/Concept]

Output: W.I. Thomas explanation of deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] people's actions and the subjective meanings attributed to these actions must be understood in social, not individualized, frameworks [Term/Concept]

Output: situational analysis


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Deviance is behavior one learns through interactions with others - people become criminals when they are more socialized to break the law than to keep it by their primary groups [Term/Concept]

Output: Differential association theory


Input: [Definition/Explanation] says the responses of others are the most significant factor in understanding how deviant behavior is created and sustained, the power of labels, such as "deviant," cause reactions - even if no deviant act has been committed. [Term/Concept]

Output: Labeling theory


Input: [Definition/Explanation] assignment of a deviant identity to a person by others, including agents of social control and social institutions - those who have the power to label and enforce sanctions define who and what is deviant [Term/Concept]

Output: label


Input: [Definition/Explanation] definition a person has of himself or herself as a deviant [Term/Concept]

Output: Deviant identity


Input: [Definition/Explanation] actual violation of a norm or law [Term/Concept]

Output: Primary deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] behavior which results from being labeled deviant, regardless of whether the person has engaged in deviance [Term/Concept]

Output: Secondary deviance


Input: [Definition/Explanation] sequence of movements people mke through a particular subculture of deviance [Term/Concept]

Output: deviant career


Input: [Definition/Explanation] groups organized around particular forms of social deviance [Term/Concept]

Output: deviant communities


Input: [Definition/Explanation] characteristic that overrides all other aspects of a person's identity [Term/Concept]

Output: master status


Input: [Definition/Explanation] attribute that is socially devalued [Term/Concept]

Output: stigma


Input: [Definition/Explanation] violent or nonviolent crimes directed against people, like rape, assault or robbery [Term/Concept]

Output: personal crimes


Input: [Definition/Explanation] malicious acts motivagted by various forms of social bias [Term/Concept]

Output: hate crimes


Input: [Definition/Explanation] theft of property without threat of bodily harm [Term/Concept]

Output: property crimes


Input: [Definition/Explanation] violates laws , but are not listed in FBIs serious crime list - like gambling, drug use and prostitution in which there is no complainant [Term/Concept]

Output: victimless crimes


Input: [Definition/Explanation] crime comitted by structured groups [Term/Concept]

Output: Organized crime


Input: [Definition/Explanation] processs by which different statuses develop in any group, organization, or society [Term/Concept]

Output: Social differentiation


Input: [Definition/Explanation] system of structured social inequality [Term/Concept]

Output: Social stratification


Input: [Definition/Explanation] ownership of property and exercise of power is monopolized by an elite who have total control over societal resources, typically found in agricultural societies. Majorly based on land ownership. [Term/Concept]

Output: estate system of stratification


Input: [Definition/Explanation] estate, class, and caste [Term/Concept]

Output: Three types of stratification


Input: [Definition/Explanation] one's place is an ascribed status (given at birth), hierarchy of different casts is rigid and usually preserved through law and cultural practice [Term/Concept]

Output: caste system of stratification


Input: [Definition/Explanation] stratification exists, but placement in the system can change according to personal achievements, meaning there is some degree of achieved status [Term/Concept]

Output: class system of stratification


Input: [Definition/Explanation] the social structural position groups hold relative to economic, social, political and cultural resources. It determines the access different people have to these resources, creating advantage or disadvantage [Term/Concept]

Output: social class (or class)


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Term by Weber meaning the opportunities people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class [Term/Concept]

Output: life chances


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Class is a structural phenomenon, it cannot be directly observed. Because it cannot be isolated to be measured, indicators like income, education, occupation, and residence are used to measure class. [Term/Concept]

Output: How is social class measured?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Belief system that support the status quo [Term/Concept]

Output: Ideology


Input: [Definition/Explanation] The ruling class - the capitalists. Through their control of institutions and communications they are able to promote and support their values. [Term/Concept]

Output: According to Marx, who promotes the dominant ideas of a capitalist society?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Class conflict is the inescapeable struggle between workers and capitalists, as workers become disatisfied with power and means being concentrated in the hands of an elite few. Marx believed workers would eventually overthrow the capitalists. [Term/Concept]

Output: What is class conflict according to Marx?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Classof managers and small business owers which identifies with capitalist interests, even though they do not own the means of production and are exploited by the owners of it. Dependent upon the capitalist system, even though they are exploited by it. [Term/Concept]

Output: What is the middle class according to Marx?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Class (economic dimension - access to material goods), status (prestige - the social and cultural judgement or recognition one is given), party (power, the political dimesion, the capacity one has to influence groups and individuals even when opposed) [Term/Concept]

Output: Weber's three dimensions of stratification


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Societal inequity serves a purpose - it motivates people to fill positions in society that are needed for survival of the whole. Inequality based on reward system that motivated people to succeed, also necessary for cohesion of society. [Term/Concept]

Output: Functionalist perspective of Inequality


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Inequality based on friction between competing interest groups. Does NOT view inequality as a necessary and positive force which helps society. [Term/Concept]

Output: Conflict perspective of Inequality


Input: [Definition/Explanation] the process by which people end up in a given position in the stratification system [Term/Concept]

Output: status attainment


Input: [Definition/Explanation] defined by one's income, occupational prestige, and education [Term/Concept]

Output: Socioeconomic status


Input: [Definition/Explanation] amount of money a person receives in a given period [Term/Concept]

Output: income


Input: [Definition/Explanation] total value of what one owns, minus one's debts [Term/Concept]

Output: wealth


Input: [Definition/Explanation] midpoint of all household incomes [Term/Concept]

Output: median income


Input: [Definition/Explanation] the value others assign to people and groups [Term/Concept]

Output: prestige


Input: [Definition/Explanation] subjective evaluation people give to jobs [Term/Concept]

Output: occupational prestige


Input: [Definition/Explanation] idea that a minority must adopt the alleged dominant group values in order to succeed [Term/Concept]

Output: myth of the model minority


Input: [Definition/Explanation] those left behind by contemporary economic development, likely to be permanently unemployable and either dependent on gov't programs or crime to survive [Term/Concept]

Output: urban underclass


Input: [Definition/Explanation] perception that a class structure exists and the feeling of shared identification with others in one's class, others with whom one perceives have common life chances [Term/Concept]

Output: class consciousness


Input: [Definition/Explanation] class consciousness of subordinate classes who internalize the view of the dominant class. If people accept the dominant ideas which justify inequality they need not be coerced into accepting roles assigned by the ruling class. [Term/Concept]

Output: false consciousness


Input: [Definition/Explanation] a person's movement over time from one class to another, can go up or down, can be intergenerational or intragenerational [Term/Concept]

Output: social mobility


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Social mobility is less than people commonly believe. It is to the advantage of the elites to make subordinates believe there is more mobility to keep them content with inequality. [Term/Concept]

Output: How much social mobility is in the US?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] Social mobility is much more likely to be affected by factors that affect the whole society rather than individual characteristics. Thus, mobility is often attributed to changes in occupational systems, economic cycles and demographics. [Term/Concept]

Output: What affects social mobility?


Input: [Definition/Explanation] refers to the increasing proportion of the poor who are women and children [Term/Concept]

Output: feminization of the poor


Input: [Definition/Explanation] an argument that attributes the major causes of poverty to the absence of work values and irresponsibility of the poor. [Term/Concept]

Output: culture of poverty