Input: [Question] This is a solution's potential pressure caused by nondiffusible solute particles in the solution; pressure needed to stop osmosis. [Answer]

Output: Osmotic Pressure


Input: [Question] This is when the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic and the result can be that fluid shifts from the cell toward the extracellular fluid. [Answer]

Output: Dehydration


Input: [Question] This is when the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic and fluid will shift to the inside of the cell; also called water intoxication. [Answer]

Output: Hyperhydration


Input: [Question] This type of metabolism produces some water. [Answer]

Output: Oxidative


Input: [Question] This is when water is lost in urine, feces, and sweat, and by evaporation from the skin and lungs. [Answer]

Output: Water output


Input: [Question] This is when water output exceeds water intake. [Answer]

Output: Dehydration


Input: [Question] This is an increase in the volume of free water in the body resulting in dilutional hyponatremia. [Answer]

Output: Water Intoxication


Input: [Question] This is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid within the interstitial spaces; swelling. [Answer]

Output: Edema


Input: [Question] This is the most abundant extracellular cation. [Answer]

Output: Sodium


Input: [Question] Sodium balance is regulated by this hormone. [Answer]

Output: Aldosterone


Input: [Question] Aldosterone is secreted by this. [Answer]

Output: Adrenal Cortex


Input: [Question] This is the most abundant intracellular cation. [Answer]

Output: Potassium


Input: [Question] Potassium balance is indirectly controlled by this hormone. [Answer]

Output: Aldosterone


Input: [Question] This is the most abundant ion in the body. [Answer]

Output: Calcium


Input: [Question] This electrolyte is primarily an intracellular cation that is also found in bone. [Answer]

Output: Magnesium


Input: [Question] This intracellular electrolyte found most abundantly in the bones with the rest combined with lipids, proteins, carbs, etc. [Answer]

Output: Phosphate


Input: [Question] The major extracellular anion that can easily diffuse between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. [Answer]

Output: Chloride


Input: [Question] This is predominantly and extracellular anion that is important in the acid/base regulation of the body. [Answer]

Output: Bicarbonate


Input: [Question] Cation (Na+) [Answer]

Output: Sodium


Input: [Question] Cation (K+) [Answer]

Output: Potassium


Input: [Question] Cation (Ca++) [Answer]

Output: Calcium


Input: [Question] Cation (Mg++) [Answer]

Output: Magnesium


Input: [Question] Anion (Cl--) [Answer]

Output: Chloride


Input: [Question] Anion (HCO3-) [Answer]

Output: Bicarbonate


Input: [Question] Anion (HPO4-2) [Answer]

Output: Phosphate


Input: [Question] This is when your body has lower sodium level than normal blood. [Answer]

Output: Hypoatremia


Input: [Question] This is when your body has higher sodium level than normal blood. [Answer]

Output: Hyperatremia


Input: [Question] This is when your body has lower than normal levels of potassium. [Answer]

Output: Hypokalemia


Input: [Question] This is when your body has higher than normal levels of potassium. [Answer]

Output: Hyperkalemia


Input: [Question] If this has been helpful to you, please click the star next to the name on the front page. Thanks! [Answer]

Output: Cooperate to Graduate! 09-10!


Input: [Question] This regulates water intake. [Answer]

Output: Thirst


Input: [Question] This ion is regulated by calcion and parathyroid hormone. [Answer]

Output: Calcium


Input: [Answer] seps dissolved substances based on differential solubility in aq. vs. org. solvents [Question]

Output: Extraction


Input: [Answer] seps solids from liquids [Question]

Output: Filtration


Input: [Answer] seps solids based on differential solubility; temp v. important [Question]

Output: Recrystallization


Input: [Answer] seps solids based on their ability to sublime [Question]

Output: Sublimination


Input: [Answer] seps large things (such as cells, organelles, macromolecs) based on mass and density [Question]

Output: Centrifugation


Input: [Answer] seps liquids based on bp, which in turn depends on intermolec forces [Question]

Output: Distillation


Input: [Answer] uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase to sep compounds based on how tightly they adhere (generally due to polarity, size or charge) [Question]

Output: Chromatography


Input: [Answer] seps bio macromolecs (such as proteins or nuc. acids) based on size and sometimes charge [Question]

Output: Electrophoresis


Input: [Question] Acute Angle [Answer]

Output: An angle with a measure greater than 0 degrees but less than 90 degrees.


Input: [Question] Acute Triangle [Answer]

Output: A triangle with three acute angles


Input: [Question] Angle [Answer]

Output: Two rays that share an endpoint (vertex)


Input: [Question] Area [Answer]

Output: The amount of surface in a region or enclosed within a boundary.


Input: [Question] Circle [Answer]

Output: A closed curve with all points an equal distance from the center


Input: [Question] Circumference [Answer]

Output: The distance around the outside of a circle.


Input: [Question] Cone [Answer]

Output: A three-dimensional figure with a circular base joined to a vertex by a curved surface.


Input: [Question] Congruent [Answer]

Output: Having exactly the same size and shape.


Input: [Question] Cube [Answer]

Output: A solid figure in which every face is a square and every edge is the same length.


Input: [Question] Decagon [Answer]

Output: A polygon with ten sides.


Input: [Question] Diameter [Answer]

Output: A line segment that cuts a circle in half.


Input: [Question] Endpoint [Answer]

Output: The point(s) at the end of a ray or line segment.


Input: [Question] Equilateral Triangle [Answer]

Output: A triangle with three congruent sides. Each angle measures 60 degrees.


Input: [Question] Flip [Answer]

Output: another word for REFLECTION


Input: [Question] Geometry [Answer]

Output: The branch of mathematics that deals with the position, size, and shape of figures.


Input: [Question] Hemisphere [Answer]

Output: Half of a sphere


Input: [Question] Heptagon [Answer]

Output: A polygon with seven sides.


Input: [Question] Hexagon [Answer]

Output: A polygon with six sides.


Input: [Question] Isosceles Triangle [Answer]

Output: A triangle with at least two congruent sides and two congruent angles.


Input: [Question] Kite [Answer]

Output: A convex quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of adjacent, congruent sides.


Input: [Question] Line [Answer]

Output: A set of points that form a straight path extending infinitely in two directions.


Input: [Question] Line of Symmetry [Answer]

Output: A line dividing a two-dimensional figure into two parts that are mirror images of each other.


Input: [Question] Line Segment [Answer]

Output: A part of a line. A line segment has two endpoints and a definite length.


Input: [Question] Nonagon [Answer]

Output: A polygon with nine sides.


Input: [Question] Obtuse Angle [Answer]

Output: An angle that is greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees


Input: [Question] Obtuse Triangle [Answer]

Output: A triangle that has one obtuse angle.


Input: [Question] Octagon [Answer]

Output: A polygon with eight sides.


Input: [Question] Parallel Lines [Answer]

Output: Lines lying in the same plane that are always the same distance apart.


Input: [Question] Parallelogram [Answer]

Output: A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel. Opposite angles are congruent.


Input: [Question] Pentagon [Answer]

Output: A polygon with five sides.


Input: [Question] Perimeter [Answer]

Output: The distance around a figure.


Input: [Question] Perpendicular [Answer]

Output: At right angles.


Input: [Question] Plane [Answer]

Output: A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions.


Input: [Question] Point [Answer]

Output: The smallest geometric unit. A position in space, often represented by a dot.


Input: [Question] Polygon [Answer]

Output: A simple, closed, plane figure bounded by straight sides.


Input: [Question] Quadrilateral [Answer]

Output: A polygon with four sides.


Input: [Question] Ray [Answer]

Output: A set of points that form a straight path extending infinitely in one direction. A ray has one endpoint.


Input: [Question] Rectangle [Answer]

Output: A parallelogram with four right angles. Opposite sides are congruent and parallel.


Input: [Question] Reflection [Answer]

Output: A transformation of a geometric figure that results in a mirror image of the original.


Input: [Question] Regular Polygon [Answer]

Output: A polygon that has equal sides and equal angles.


Input: [Question] Rhombus [Answer]

Output: A parallelogram with four congruent sides. Opposite angles are congruent.


Input: [Question] Right Angle [Answer]

Output: An angle that is one-fourth of a full turn. A right angle measures 90 degrees.


Input: [Question] Right Triangle [Answer]

Output: A triangle that has one right angle.


Input: [Question] Scalene Triangle [Answer]

Output: A triangle with no sides congruent.


Input: [Question] Similar Figures [Answer]

Output: that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size.


Input: [Question] Slide [Answer]

Output: another word for TRANSLATION


Input: [Question] Sphere [Answer]

Output: A three-dimensional figure formed by a set of points that are all the same distance from a fixed point called the center.


Input: [Question] Square [Answer]

Output: A rectangle with congruent sides.


Input: [Question] Symmetry [Answer]

Output: If a figure can be folded along a line so that the two halves match exactly, then the figure has line symmetry.


Input: [Question] Three-Dimensional [Answer]

Output: Relating to objects that have length, width, and depth. Solid figures such as polyhedra, cones, and spheres are three-dimensional.


Input: [Question] Translation [Answer]

Output: A transformation in which a geometric figure is formed by moving every point on a figure the same distance in the same direction.


Input: [Question] Trapezoid [Answer]

Output: A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.


Input: [Question] Triangle [Answer]

Output: A polygon with three sides.


Input: [Question] Triangular Prism [Answer]

Output: A prism in which the bases are triangles.


Input: [Question] Two-Dimensional [Answer]

Output: Relating to figures that have length and width but not depth. Figures such as polygons and circles are two-dimensional.


Input: [Question] Vertex [Answer]

Output: A point at which two line segments, lines, or rays meet to form an angle.


Input: [Answer] sanitation [Question]

Output: the prevention of illness through cleanliness


Input: [Answer] sanitize [Question]

Output: to kill bacteria on surfaces


Input: [Answer] food borne illness [Question]

Output: ingesting food contaminated by pathogens and causing sickness


Input: [Answer] cross-contamination [Question]

Output: letting microoganisms from one surface (or food) get onto another surface (or food)


Input: [Answer] pathogen [Question]

Output: any microorganism that is infectious or toxigenic, any harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses, and some fungi/yeast that can cause disease


Input: [Answer] Dageer Zone [Question]

Output: This is the temperature range the most bacteria can grow. 40°F to 140°F.


Input: [Answer] recall [Question]

Output: the immediate removal of a product from store shelves and the notification of the public through the media by the government or manufacturer


Input: [Answer] antibiotic resistance [Question]

Output: the ability of bacteria or other microbes to resist the effects of an antibiotic.


Input: [Answer] pasteurization [Question]

Output: The process of heating food to kill enzymes and harmful bacteria


Input: [Answer] perishable [Question]

Output: likely to decay


Input: [Answer] shelf stable [Question]

Output: Able to be stored at room temperature for weeks or months in the original, unopened container


Input: [Answer] rancidity [Question]

Output: spoilage due to the breakdown of fats


Input: [Answer] contaminant [Question]

Output: a substance, such as a chemical or organism, that makes food unsafe to eat.


Input: [Answer] Sell by date [Question]

Output: The last day a food product is to be sold: allows for short storage time in consumer’s refrigerator.


Input: [Answer] Expiration date [Question]

Output: The last day a food should be eaten or used.Freshness date (best if used by): The date at which a food will have passed it’s quality peak.


Input: [Answer] CPR [Question]

Output: a technique used to revive a person whose breathing and heartbeat have stopped


Input: [Answer] National Institutes of Health [Question]

Output: A part of the federal government’s U.S. Department of Health and Human Services whose primary responsibility is to conduct and support medical research.


Input: [Answer] Center for Disease Control and Prevention [Question]

Output: A public health agency—working to ensure healthy people, one example is by tracking outbreaks of foodborne illness.


Input: [Answer] United States Department of Agriculture [Question]

Output: This agency sets standards for, inspects, and grades meats, poultry, processed eggs, and canned fruits and vegetables.


Input: [Answer] Food & Drug Administration [Question]

Output: This agency enforces laws and regulations on the purity, quality and labeling of food, drugs and cosmetics.


Input: [Question] Which chest structure contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs? [Answer]

Output: Mediastinum


Input: [Question] The apex of the lung is: [Answer]

Output: 4 cm above the first rib.


Input: [Question] Which structure transports air and removes noxious materials? [Answer]

Output: Bronchi


Input: [Question] What is the barrel chest that is characteristic of many older adults the results of? [Answer]

Output: Decreased muscle strength and loss of lung resiliency


Input: [Question] The number of each intercostal space corresponds to that of: [Answer]

Output: the rib immediately above it.


Input: [Question] The costal angle is: [Answer]

Output: formed by the blending together of the costal margins at the sternum.


Input: [Question] At what gestational age does the lung begin forming in a groove on the ventral wall of the gut? [Answer]

Output: 4 weeks


Input: [Question] Increased oxygen tension in the arterial blood of a newborn infant causes: [Answer]

Output: closure of the ductus arteriosus.


Input: [Question] Which statement best describes the chest of a 2 year old child? [Answer]

Output: The AP diameter approximates the transverse diameter.


Input: [Question] During what age period is the xiphoid process more prominent, more moveable, and more cartilaginous? [Answer]

Output: Infancy


Input: [Question] Both pleural effusion and lobar pneumonia are characterized by: [Answer]

Output: dullness heard on percussion.


Input: [Question] Ms. Randolph, who is 74 years of age, has no known health problems or diseases. You are doing a preventive health care history and examination. Which finding suggests a somewhat less concerning structural variation? [Answer]

Output: Pectus carinatum


Input: [Question] Mr. Sanchez is a 62-year-old patient who presents with chronic obstructive lung disease. On examination you note a barrel chest. Which of the following is true regarding barrel chest? [Answer]

Output: There is an increase in the anteroposterior diameter.


Input: [Question] The right and left scapular lines are located: [Answer]

Output: parallel to the vertebral line.


Input: [Question] Respiratory effort usually exhibited by the patient with metabolic acidosis is called: [Answer]

Output: Kussmaul breathing.


Input: [Question] What term describes abnormally shallow respirations with limited excursion due to pleuritic pain? [Answer]

Output: Hypopnea


Input: [Question] Which type of apnea is considered less worrisome? [Answer]

Output: Periodic apnea of the newborn


Input: [Question] While observing a patient’s respirations, you note that, on inspiration, the lower thorax is drawn in and the abdomen protrudes. On expiration, the opposite occurs. This may be described as: [Answer]

Output: paradoxic breathing.


Input: [Question] The degree and level of retractions depends on: [Answer]

Output: the level of obstruction.


Input: [Question] An expected finding from chest palpation in the adult would be: [Answer]

Output: inflexibility of the xiphoid.


Input: [Question] The feel of “leather rubbing on leather” describes the sensation that may be palpable with: [Answer]

Output: pleural friction rub.


Input: [Question] Mrs. Janker is a 58-year-old patient who presents to your office with recurrent respiratory problems. Tactile fremitus is best felt: [Answer]

Output: parasternally at the second intercostal space.


Input: [Question] What structure can be displaced by atelectasis, pleural effusion, or thyroid enlargement? [Answer]

Output: Trachea


Input: [Question] Percussion of the back should be done with the patient’s arms folded in front in order to: [Answer]

Output: expose maximum lung area.


Input: [Question] The usual landmark at which the examiner percusses for diaphragmatic excursion is: [Answer]

Output: the scapular line.


Input: [Question] The diaphragm of the stethoscope is better than the bell for auscultation of the lungs because it: [Answer]

Output: transmits high-pitched sounds.


Input: [Question] Mrs. Bowers is a 57-year-old patient who presents to your office with complaints of shortness of breath. Breath sounds normally auscultated over most of the lung fields are called: [Answer]

Output: vesicular.


Input: [Question] Breath sounds normally heard over the trachea are called: [Answer]

Output: bronchial.


Input: [Question] When auscultating the lungs, listen to the breath sounds: [Answer]

Output: throughout inspiration and expiration.


Input: [Question] The middle lobe of the right lung is best auscultated in the: [Answer]

Output: axilla.


Input: [Question] Your trauma patient has no auscultated breath sounds in the right lung field. You can hear adequate sounds in the left side. A likely cause of this abnormality could be that the patient: [Answer]

Output: has fluid in the pleural space.


Input: [Question] The American Thoracic Society suggests replacing the term rales with: [Answer]

Output: crackles.


Input: [Question] Mrs. Alexander is a 36-year-old patient who has asthma. As the examiner, you understand that a musical squeaking noise heard on auscultation of the lungs is called: [Answer]

Output: wheezing.


Input: [Question] Mr. Bowers is a 63-year-old patient who presents to your office with a complaint of shortness of breath. On examination to distinguish between a respiratory friction rub and a cardiac friction rub, ask the patient to: [Answer]

Output: hold his or her breath.


Input: [Question] The mediastinal crunch (Hamman sign) can best be heard with the patient: [Answer]

Output: lying on the left side.


Input: [Question] Changes in clarity and volume of spoken sounds during auscultation of the lungs can help you distinguish: [Answer]

Output: consolidation from obstruction.


Input: [Question] During assessment of vocal resonance, you note that sound is intensified, that there is a nasal quality to the voice, and that e’s sound like a’s. This is indicative of: [Answer]

Output: lung consolidation.


Input: [Question] When sound is intensified, there is a nasal quality to the voice, and e’s sound like a’s, this is called: [Answer]

Output: egophony.


Input: [Question] Yellow, green, or rust-colored sputum usually indicates the presence of: [Answer]

Output: bacterial infection.


Input: [Question] Assuming that the newborn is not crying, you would expect a respiratory rate per minute of about: [Answer]

Output: 31 to 80.


Input: [Question] Acrocyanosis in the newborn that persists for a couple of days is: [Answer]

Output: common in a cool environment.


Input: [Question] Breath sounds in young children that are loud, harsh, and bronchovesicular are associated with: [Answer]

Output: normal, thin chest wall structures.


Input: [Question] Mrs. Tucker is a 29-year-old patient who is pregnant and presents to your office with shortness of breath. The pregnant woman may be expected to: [Answer]

Output: breathe more deeply.


Input: [Question] Which condition is variable and may migrate rapidly from one lung field to another? [Answer]

Output: Asthma


Input: [Question] A “rubbing” that can be felt and heard is most closely associated with: [Answer]

Output: pleurisy


Input: [Question] Dullness to percussion in intercostal spaces suggests the presence of: [Answer]

Output: pneumonia.


Input: [Question] Atelectasis is a condition that occurs: [Answer]

Output: at any age.


Input: [Question] The increasing incidence of HIV infection has led to an increasing incidence of treatment resistance in: [Answer]

Output: tuberculosis.


Input: [Question] This positive “coin click” sign indicates the presence of which condition? [Answer]

Output: Pneumothorax


Input: [Question] Early cystic fibrosis is characterized by: [Answer]

Output: cough with sputum; frequent pulmonary infections.


Input: [Question] As the chest of a newborn is examined, bowel sounds are auscultated in the chest. What is the significance of this finding? [Answer]

Output: This is abnormal and possibly indicates a diaphragmatic hernia.


Input: [Question] Which of the following patients demonstrates the highest risk factor for respiratory disability? [Answer]

Output: A patient with paraplegia


Input: [Question] The health care professional is examining the chest of a 22-year-old woman who is 8 months pregnant. The patient has a wide thoracic cage. Which of the following best explains this finding? [Answer]

Output: This is considered a normal finding with advanced pregnancy.


Input: [Question] In which of the following conditions should the examiner expect the costal angle to be greater than 90 degrees? [Answer]

Output: Enlarged heart


Input: [Question] Which of the following findings indicates respiratory distress in the infant or young child? [Answer]

Output: Observation of sternal and supraclavicular retractions with breathing


Input: [Question] During percussion, the patient holds his or her arms in front in order to: [Answer]

Output: expose maximum lung area.


Input: [Question] Which of the following examination techniques is not often done when examining the chest and lungs of a newborn? [Answer]

Output: Percussion


Input: [Question] The patient tells the examiner, “I have been coughing up a lot of yellowish-green phlegm.” The examiner should suspect: [Answer]

Output: bacterial pneumonia.


Input: [Question] Which of the following findings could indicate an intrathoracic infection? [Answer]

Output: Malodorous breath


Input: [Question] Which finding is considered unusual for a newborn? [Answer]

Output: Coughing


Input: [Question] In the older adult, which finding can occur in the absence of disease as a result of age-related changes of the chest or lungs? [Answer]

Output: Hyperresonance


Input: [Question] A newborn infant with a small chest-to-head size ratio is usually associated with: [Answer]

Output: intrauterine growth retardation.


Input: [Question] The Hamman sign can best be heard when the patient is: [Answer]

Output: lying on the left side.


Input: [Question] In addition to severe respiratory distress, which of the following findings may be indicative of a pneumothorax with mediastinal shift? [Answer]

Output: Tracheal deviation away from the midline position


Input: [Question] A mother tells the examiner that her 2-year-old child has a cough that “sounds just like a bark.” Given this history, what other findings should the examiner anticipate with respiratory examination? [Answer]

Output: Labored breathing and inspiratory stridor


Input: [Question] Which type of apnea is considered normal? [Answer]

Output: Deglutition apnea


Input: [Question] The best time to evaluate vocal and tactile resonance on a young child is while the child is: [Answer]

Output: crying.


Input: [Question] The examiner should expect the ratio of respiratory rate to heart rate to be approximately: [Answer]

Output: 1:4.


Input: [Question] A patient with long-standing COPD has come to the clinic complaining that his breathing has been getting more difficult over the last couple of weeks. What would best help the examiner understand the hypoxia a patient is experiencing? [Answer]

Output: “In what way has your activity level been affected?


Input: [Question] A patient has an undiagnosed tumor in the middle lobe of the right lung, which has caused atelectasis. What finding would exist that might make the examiner suspicious of this problem? [Answer]

Output: Diminished or absent breath sounds over the area of the right middle lobe


Input: [Question] Which examination finding is consistent with emphysema? [Answer]

Output: Decreased tactile fremitus


Input: [Question] The third intercostal space is located: [Answer]

Output: between the third and fourth rib.


Input: [Question] The costal angle is generally no greater than: [Answer]

Output: 90 degrees.


Input: [Question] The AP:lateral diameter of the chest in infants is approximately: [Answer]

Output: 1:1


Input: [Question] An increase in progesterone in the pregnant woman causes which of the following to occur? [Answer]

Output: Increased tidal volume


Input: [Question] Older adults are more susceptible to respiratory infections as a result of which of the following? [Answer]

Output: Drier mucous membranes


Input: [Question] Pectus carinatum is best described by which of the following? [Answer]

Output: Prominent sternal protrusion


Input: [Question] The skin, nails, lips, and nipples are inspected when looking for the presence of: [Answer]

Output: cyanosis.


Input: [Question] Mr. Telford tells you that he becomes somewhat short of breath and experiences difficulty breathing after climbing the stairs in his home. Based on his description, what term might be used to identify his breathing condition? [Answer]

Output: Dyspnea


Input: [Question] Periodic breathing patterns are characterized by intervals of respiration separated by periods of: [Answer]

Output: apnea


Input: [Question] Retractions are generally associated with: [Answer]

Output: obstruction to inspiration.


Input: [Question] obstruction to inspiration. [Answer]

Output: air in the subcutaneous spaces.


Input: [Question] Thoracic expansion is assessed by: [Answer]

Output: observing the distance your thumbs diverge from the midspinal line during quiet and deep breathing.


Input: [Question] Tactile fremitus is increased in conditions where there is: [Answer]

Output: an increase in lung tissue consolidation.


Input: [Question] Diaphragmatic excursion may be slightly elevated on the right side due to the presence of: [Answer]

Output: the liver.


Input: [Question] Breath sounds are best heard if the patient: [Answer]

Output: breathes slowly and deeply through the mouth.


Input: [Question] When auscultating the lungs, which of the following sequences should be used? [Answer]

Output: Side to side comparison, from apex to base


Input: [Question] Which of the following descriptions helps differentiate crackles from wheezes? [Answer]

Output: Crackles are discontinuous sounds, wheezes continuous sounds.


Input: [Question] Wheezes are produced by which of the following? [Answer]

Output: High-velocity air flow through a narrowed airway


Input: [Question] Stridor is usually the result of: [Answer]

Output: an obstruction high in the respiratory tree.


Input: [Question] The persistence of a round “barrel” chest in a child past the second year of life may be indicative of: [Answer]

Output: a chronic obstructive problem, such as cystic fibrosis.


Input: [Question] Increased distensibility of the lungs in older adults results in the presence of which of the following? [Answer]

Output: Hyperresonance


Input: [Question] To begin counting the ribs and the intercostal spaces, you begin by palpating the reference point of the: [Answer]

Output: manubriosternal junction.


Input: [Question] The lung begins its gestational development from the: [Answer]

Output: gut.


Input: [Question] The foramen ovale should close by: [Answer]

Output: within minutes of birth.


Input: [Question] The characteristic barrel chest of the older adult is due to a combination of factors including: [Answer]

Output: skeletal changes of aging.


Input: [Question] The patient tells you that she uses herbal and other alternative therapies to maintain health. This information will be recorded in the: [Answer]

Output: social history.


Input: [Question] A patient describes shortness of breath that gets worse when he sits up. To document this, you will use which term? [Answer]

Output: Platypnea


Input: [Question] Bradypnea may accompany: [Answer]

Output: an excellent level of cardiovascular fitness.


Input: [Question] A 34-year-old man is being seen for complaints of dull pain between the shoulder blades that is more intense with deep breathing and coughing. Upon auscultation of the chest you suspect that you will hear: [Answer]

Output: rhonchi.


Input: [Question] In barrel chest, the ratio of anteroposterior diameter to transverse (lateral) diameter is: [Answer]

Output: 1.0.


Input: [Question] a pt is c/o pain near the spine. While palpating the spinous process at T7, and medially to the inferior border of the right scapula, the patient feels more intense pain. When viewing the cxray, you will carefully look at which rib? [Answer]

Output: Right eighth rib


Input: [Question] In which patient situation would you expect to assess tachypnea? [Answer]

Output: Patient with metabolic acidosis


Input: [Question] Which site of chest wall retractions indicates a more severe obstruction in the asthmatic patient? [Answer]

Output: Above the clavicles


Input: [Question] Which type of apnea requires immediate action? [Answer]

Output: Secondary apnea


Input: [Question] Breath odors may clue the examiner to certain underlying metabolic conditions. The odor of ammonia on the breath may signify: [Answer]

Output: uremia.


Input: [Question] You would expect to document the presence of a pleural friction rub for the patient being treated for: [Answer]

Output: pleurisy.


Input: [Question] Tactile fremitus is best felt: [Answer]

Output: parasternally at the second intercostal space.


Input: [Question] The examiner percusses for diaphragmatic excursion along the: [Answer]

Output: scapular line.


Input: [Question] When there is consolidation in the lung tissue, the breath sounds are louder and easier to hear while healthy lung tissue produces softer sounds. This is because: [Answer]

Output: air-filled lung tissue is an insulator of sound.


Input: [Question] an older pt is being seen today as a f/u for a 2-day history of pneumonia. The patient continues to have a productive cough, shortness of breath, and lethargy and has been spending most of the day lying in bed. You should begin the chest examination by: [Answer]

Output: auscultating the lung bases.


Input: [Question] To distinguish crackles from rhonchi, you should auscultate the lungs: [Answer]

Output: before and after the patient coughs.


Input: [Question] Which of following is considered an expected finding in newborns and when found in adults is a concern? [Answer]

Output: Nasal flaring


Input: [Question] The pregnant woman is expected to develop: [Answer]

Output: deep breathing but not more frequent breathing.


Input: [Question] Which condition requires immediate emergency intervention? [Answer]

Output: Patient with pleuritic pain without dyspnea


Input: [Question] Worldwide, psychological disorders rank ___ among diseases that lead to death and disability. [Answer]

Output: second


Input: [Question] A ___ is a mental image so vivid that they seem real [Answer]

Output: hallucination


Input: [Question] An example of a diathesis would be ___. [Answer]

Output: genes


Input: [Question] Some individuals believe that being labeled "mentally ill" can foster (a) ___. [Answer]

Output: self-fulfilling prophecy


Input: [Question] Personality disorders and mental retardation are classified on Axis ___ of the DSM. [Answer]

Output: II


Input: [Question] ___ disorders occur where there is a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, or identity. [Answer]

Output: Dissociative


Input: [Question] To be classified with major depressive disorder, an individual will typically have had at least ___ of depressed mood. [Answer]

Output: two weeks


Input: [Question] Rachael is experiencing "presenteeism," which means that she is [Answer]

Output: less effective at work due to depression.


Input: [Question] Reporting a sense of "imbalance" when depressed is particularly in ___ culture(s). [Answer]

Output: Asian


Input: [Question] Approximately ___% of people with depression attempt suicide. [Answer]

Output: 30


Input: [Question] Which of the following statements about suicide is TRUE? [Answer]

Output: Discussing suicide openly can be helpful to someone who is suicidal.


Input: [Question] All of the following are diagnostic criteria for a manic episode EXCEPT [Answer]

Output: profoundly decreased self-esteem.


Input: [Question] With respect to depression, "substance P" is a ___. [Answer]

Output: neurotransmitter


Input: [Question] Suppose Sally received a poor grade on an exam. All of the following might be considered an external cause for her failure EXCEPT [Answer]

Output: her belief that she is not bright.


Input: [Question] Rumination tends to foster ___. [Answer]

Output: depression


Input: [Question] If your roommate is depressed, then you will [Answer]

Output: probably become depressed in time.


Input: [Question] Panic attacks can include [Answer]

Output: all of the above.


Input: [Question] Agoraphobia often comes about due to the fact that those with panic attacks particularly fear ___. [Answer]

Output: having more attacks


Input: [Question] As with many disorders, panic disorder is often preceded by ___. [Answer]

Output: a stressful life event


Input: [Question] An example of a natural environment phobia could be ___. [Answer]

Output: heights


Input: [Question] Leah suffers from OCD and has a tendency to always want to align her dishes in perfect symmetry. As such, this illustrates ___. [Answer]

Output: ordering


Input: [Question] PTSD tends to occur [Answer]

Output: more often to victims of crimes than natural disasters.


Input: [Question] ___ are MORE likely to have available social support. [Answer]

Output: Extraverts


Input: [Question] Ari, a schizophrenic, believes that he is an important governmental official. As such, he is showing delusions of ___. [Answer]

Output: grandeur


Input: [Question] Jeff is probably showing ___ schizophrenia since he shows bizarre and immobile motor behaviors. [Answer]

Output: catatonic


Input: [Question] Children are at an increased risk of schizophrenia if they show extreme discomfort with close relationships. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Having a high expressed emotion family background definitively causes schizophrenia. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Dissociative fugue is characterized by an inability to remember important personal information. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] The appears to be a link between dissociative identity disorder and being a victim of physical abuse. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are always underweight. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Now that Ginny has eaten three pieces of pizza, she feels like it's not a problem to consume the whole pizza pie. This is consistent with the abstinence violation effect. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Gregg has a pattern of excessive attention seeking and expression of emotion. As such, he likely has a histrionic personality disorder. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Roughly 60% of male prisoners have antisocial personality disorder. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] According to Freud, the id [Answer]

Output: contains two competing instincts, life and death.


Input: [Question] According to Freud, the primary purpose of defense mechanisms is to [Answer]

Output: protect people from conflict and anxiety.


Input: [Question] When a threatening idea, memory, or emotion is blocked from consciousness, [Answer]

Output: repression has occurred.


Input: [Question] According to Freud, many adults who remain fixated at the oral stage of psychosexual development will [Answer]

Output: smoke, bite their nails, or overeat.


Input: [Question] When people refuse to admit something unpleasant is happening, [Answer]

Output: denial has occurred.


Input: [Question] According to Freud, a child's primary wish during the Oedipal stage is to [Answer]

Output: get rid of the parent of the same sex.


Input: [Question] According to object-relations theory, infants [Answer]

Output: seek recognition and appreciation from their mothers.


Input: [Question] When critics of psychodynamic theories note that these theories violate the principle of falsifiability, they mean that [Answer]

Output: many concepts about unconscious motivations are impossible to confirm or disconfirm.


Input: [Question] Researchers believe that the most valid and reliable way to identify personality traits is with the use of [Answer]

Output: objective inventories.


Input: [Question] Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that, when applied to personality testing, suggests that [Answer]

Output: five specific factors or traits are central to personality.


Input: [Question] According to Freud, the ego [Answer]

Output: serves as a referee between the needs of instinct and the demands of society.


Input: [Question] When a person's unacceptable feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else, [Answer]

Output: projection has occurred.


Input: [Question] Sublimation occurs when people [Answer]

Output: displace emotions into the creation of art or inventions.


Input: [Question] According to Freud, people who are fixated at the oral stage of psychosexual development will be likely to [Answer]

Output: overeat, bite their nails, or be clingy and dependent.


Input: [Question] Freud felt that a child's personality is fundamentally formed [Answer]

Output: when the Oedipus complex is resolved.


Input: [Question] Jung and Freud differed most dramatically in their beliefs about [Answer]

Output: the nature of the unconscious.


Input: [Question] According to object-relations theory, boys [Answer]

Output: first identify with their mothers.


Input: [Question] An important criticism of psychodynamic theories is that they are derived from [Answer]

Output: assumptions about children based on retrospective analysis by adults.


Input: [Question] Current research suggests that the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is useful for predicting [Answer]

Output: nothing with any reliability.


Input: [Question] Of the following, the central factor that is NOT part of the Big Five is [Answer]

Output: security versus insecurity.


Input: [Question] Early and contemporary psychodynamic theories of personality agree that [Answer]

Output: early childhood experiences produce unconscious thoughts and feelings that form the basis of personality.


Input: [Question] According to Freud, the superego [Answer]

Output: judges the activity of the id and acts as the voice of conscience.


Input: [Question] When people direct their emotions toward things other than the real object of their feelings, [Answer]

Output: displacement has occurred.


Input: [Question] When a person reverts to immature behavior when under pressure, [Answer]

Output: regression has occurred.


Input: [Question] According to Freud, people who are messy and disorganized are likely [Answer]

Output: fixated at the anal stage of psychosexual development.


Input: [Question] Jung believed that archetypes [Answer]

Output: are universal symbols, images, and themes that comprise the collective unconscious.


Input: [Question] One of the most important ways that Freud and Jung differed in their views of personality was that [Answer]

Output: Jung believed that people were motivated by future goals and a desire for self-fulfillment.


Input: [Question] Object-relations theory differs from Freudian theory in that [Answer]

Output: whereas Freud focused on infants' desires for gratification, object-relations theorists focused on human attachment.


Input: [Question] Of the following, the strongest reason for NOT using retrospective analysis to draw conclusions and theorize about development is that [Answer]

Output: retrospective reports suggest causal relations between events even when they don't occur.


Input: [Question] Researchers argue that the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is [Answer]

Output: a popular but unreliable measure of personality.


Input: [Question] ___ therapy, in particular, rests on the basic learning principles. [Answer]

Output: Behavior


Input: [Question] The therapeutic technique of ___ is linked to the principle of habituation. [Answer]

Output: exposure


Input: [Question] In order to combat Francis' fear of snakes, his therapist suggests that he be exposed to snakes. This technique is known as ___ exposure. [Answer]

Output: in vivo


Input: [Question] Dr. Williams, a behavior therapist, believes in the importance of eliminating a behavior by not reinforcing it. This practice underlies ___. [Answer]

Output: extinction


Input: [Question] If a therapist is making use of self-monitoring techniques, then it is fairly likely that he or she is asking his or her patients to [Answer]

Output: keep a daily log of their behavior.


Input: [Question] Seth tends to be unkind and critical of others for their poor performances. Albert Ellis would probably label such behavior as indicative of ___. [Answer]

Output: hostility and rage


Input: [Question] Tina believes that she is either a complete success or an abject failure. This is illustrative of the cognitive distortion known as ___. [Answer]

Output: dichotomous thinking


Input: [Question] RET would NOT be especially helpful in the treatment of ___. [Answer]

Output: psychotic disorders


Input: [Question] Psychoeducation is [Answer]

Output: often undertaken in cognitive therapy.


Input: [Question] The original insight-oriented therapy was ___. [Answer]

Output: psychoanalysis


Input: [Question] Freud believed that the end goal of psychoanalysis was [Answer]

Output: ordinary unhappiness.


Input: [Question] Freudian slips are generally interpreted as having ___ meanings. [Answer]

Output: unconscious


Input: [Question] Rogers felt that psychological problems resulted from disparities in one's ___ selves. [Answer]

Output: real and ideal


Input: [Question] In the client-centered therapy, the clinician [Answer]

Output: could dislike one's behavior but still view the client as a good person.


Input: [Question] Does the expression of emotion have a therapeutic effect? [Answer]

Output: Yes.


Input: [Question] If Craig has been taking Thorazine, then he probably suffers from ___. [Answer]

Output: schizophrenia


Input: [Question] If you are taking an MAOI, you must be careful to never consume ___ with it. [Answer]

Output: cheese


Input: [Question] A major drawback to benzodiazepines is that they are ___. [Answer]

Output: addictive


Input: [Question] You should consider ECT [Answer]

Output: if your depression has not been responding well to medication or if you've had serious side effects with medication.


Input: [Question] Only about ___% of the response to an antidepressant arises from the active ingredients in the medication. [Answer]

Output: 25


Input: [Question] Group therapy became particularly population in the aftermath of ___. [Answer]

Output: World War II


Input: [Question] Dr. Phillips, a family therapist, is trying to convince a father that she truly understands his feelings. In doing so, she is using the process of ___. [Answer]

Output: validation


Input: [Question] Most 12-step programs, like Alcoholics Anonymous, view ___ as crucial to recovery. [Answer]

Output: a belief in a Higher Power


Input: [Question] Managed care was developed as a way to [Answer]

Output: contain costs.


Input: [Question] Cybertherapy refers to [Answer]

Output: therapy over the Internet.


Input: [Question] Head Start is an example of a prevention program. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Research on psychotherapy is crucial for determining how well a new or old therapy treats a particular problem. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Interpersonal therapy is considered an insight-oriented therapy. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Knowing the attrition rates is irrelevant in the context of psychotherapy research. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] There are many studies that have found that psychotherapy can work as well as medication. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] For any particular person, psychotherapy may be more effective than medication or vice-versa. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Most laypersons generally report fewer symptoms and a better life after therapy. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] For some disorders, the dodo bird verdict appears to be correct. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] The division of the mind that is very similar to short term memory in that it contains all the information a person is currently using and aware of is called: [Answer]

Output: Conscious


Input: [Question] A person who experiences great hunger decides to just push people out of the way on the line to a grocery store. Which personality structure dominated the behavior of this person? [Answer]

Output: Id


Input: [Question] According to Freud, during what stage of personality development do most children identify with the same sex parent as a means of helping to develop appropriate understanding of gender roles? [Answer]

Output: Phallic


Input: [Question] The Neo-Freudians (e.g., Jung, Horney) disagreed with all of the following ideas of Freud’s psychoanalysis EXCEPT: [Answer]

Output: The use of defense mechanisms to mask anxiety


Input: [Question] According to the strictest behaviorist view, personality development is influenced primarily by ______________. [Answer]

Output: habits


Input: [Question] Jessica has experienced many successes in playing basketball and is encouraged by others of her competence; however, she has a low assessment of her basketball abilities. She is most likely to: [Answer]

Output: Have moderate self-efficacy


Input: [Question] Billy’s parents show him love and affection when he brings home a report card with straight As. When he does not receive straight As in school, his parents become distant and cold. It is likely that Billy is experiencing _______________________. [Answer]

Output: conditional positive regard


Input: [Question] Which of the following statements about trait theories is FALSE? [Answer]

Output: They can be used to explain behavior.


Input: [Question] Organized, reliable, neat, and ambitious are all _________ traits of the more basic trait of consciousness. [Answer]

Output: surface


Input: [Question] Which of the following Big Five personality traits is associated with traits such as good natured, trusting, and helpful? [Answer]

Output: Agreeableness


Input: [Question] Twin studies examining the influence of biology on personality suggest that personality traits have a heritability of ____________. [Answer]

Output: 25-50%


Input: [Question] Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede’s dimensions of cultural personality? [Answer]

Output: Universal rituals


Input: [Question] In job intv, Jack accident stumbles over a chair as he approaches his potential employer to shake hand. From that point on, the employer perceives everything that Jack says as evidence to suggest that he is clumsy and careless. This is an ex of what [Answer]

Output: Halo effect


Input: [Question] Which of the following methods would most likely be used by a psychoanalyst to assess personality? [Answer]

Output: Projective tests


Input: [Question] The personality test that is most concerned with assessing abnormalities in personality is called: [Answer]

Output: MMPI-2


Input: [Question] Similar upbringings lead to similarities in children’s personalities. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Inkblot tests are good indicators of underlying personality traits. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Freud believed that sex was the only important drive in personality. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] There is strong evidence for the concept of “national character.” [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] A woman has a dream about horseback riding, and a psychoanalyst interprets this dream as her desire to have sexual intercourse. What does sexual intercourse represent in this context? [Answer]

Output: Latent content


Input: [Question] All of the following are ways in which more current psychodynamic therapies differ from traditional psychoanalysis EXCEPT: [Answer]

Output: Less emphasis on the role of dreams in revealing the contents of the unconscious


Input: [Question] A humanistic therapist tells a client, “I totally understand how you feel; I am also very scared of medical doctors.” This is an example ofUnconditional positive regard Empathy [Answer]

Output: Unconditional positive regard and Empathy


Input: [Question] The primary function of Gestalt therapy is to: [Answer]

Output: Focus on the incongruence between a client’s personality and what is socially acceptable.


Input: [Question] A behaviorist decides that the best way to cure his client’s alcohol addiction is to place a drug in his alcohol that causes nausea, and then have the client drink the alcohol. This is an example of what type of technique? [Answer]

Output: Aversion therapy


Input: [Question] Sally learns to overcome her phobia of snakes by watching a second child overcome his phobia by being reinforced by a parent with a piece of candy each time he picked up the snake. This is an example of what behavioral technique? [Answer]

Output: Modeling


Input: [Question] Behavioral therapies are best suited for what type of psychological disorder? [Answer]

Output: Phobias


Input: [Question] A wife cleans the entire house until it is spotless, with the exception of a single plate in the sink. Because of this one plate, she feels she did a lousy job cleaning. What type of cog distortion common associated with depression does this re [Answer]

Output: Selective thinking


Input: [Question] Robert Ellis’ rational emotive therapy involves all of the following EXCEPT: [Answer]

Output: Challenging distorted thought patterns, such as hallucinations and delusions, that occur with disorders such as schizophrenia


Input: [Question] Which of the following disorders might benefit the most from group therapy? [Answer]

Output: Depression


Input: [Question] Each of the following is a characteristic of an effective therapeutic alliance EXCEPT: [Answer]

Output: Success rate of the therapist in curing patients of their disorder


Input: [Question] A person suffering from schizophrenia would be most likely given which of the following drug treatments? [Answer]

Output: Neuroleptics


Input: [Question] A client comes to a therapist reporting symptoms of depression. Which of the following medical treatments probably work best for the client? [Answer]

Output: SSRI


Input: [Question] Which of the following is most likely true concerning unilateral ECT? [Answer]

Output: It will be less likely to have an adverse effect on the process of consolidation.


Input: [Question] In one modern psychosurgery procedure, the brain region which connects the limbic system to the frontal lobes is destroyed. This area of the brain is called the: [Answer]

Output: Cingulate gyrus


Input: [Question] More experienced therapists are better than inexperienced therapists. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] People can overcome their fears by confronting them. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Some therapies can be harmful. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Electroshock therapy produces long-term brain damage. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Lobotomies are used to control violent patients. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Which of the following is a sufficient criterion for judging behavioral abnormality? [Answer]

Output: The behavior causes an inability to function from day to day.


Input: [Question] Biological models for explaining psychological disorders may investigate all the following factors EXCEPT: [Answer]

Output: Parenting styles and their effects on the psychological development of children


Input: [Question] What type of information is collected for a client on the DSM-IV-TR Axis II? [Answer]

Output: More enduring personality disorders


Input: [Question] The most common psychological disorder in the United States, according to an NIMH study in 2001 is: [Answer]

Output: Dysthymic disorder


Input: [Question] Anxiety that seems to have no real source, consists of excessive worrying, and is associated with physical symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, irritability, and sleeping problems is called: [Answer]

Output: Generalized anxiety disorder


Input: [Question] According to psychoanalysts, the cause of anxiety disorders stems from: [Answer]

Output: Unconscious conflicts


Input: [Question] Cindy visits doctor wkly & complains about a var of phys sx. Her emot displays at the dr’s office seem to exceed her worry about health. She threat suicide 1x when her dr didn't give her the atten she wanted. She is most likely to have what disord [Answer]

Output: Somatization disorder


Input: [Question] Shortly after killing a child while driving under the influence of alcohol, he unexpectedly wandered from home. He was found sev towns from home, malnourshd & taken to hosp. When the drs asked his name, he didn't know. It likely he has what disorder? [Answer]

Output: Dissociative fugue


Input: [Question] Janice tends to cycle from being very sad to very happy; however, there appears to be no external cause for her emotional fluctuations. She is likely to be suffering from what disorder? [Answer]

Output: Cyclothymia


Input: [Question] A psychologist has a patient that believes that they are being controlled by outside forces, such as the devil. This patient is likely to be suffering from what? [Answer]

Output: Delusions of influence


Input: [Question] Which type of schizophrenia is associated with frequent hallucinations, inappropriate affect, and disorganization in speech? [Answer]

Output: Disorganized


Input: [Question] The stress vulnerability model suggests: [Answer]

Output: People who have a genetic marker for schizophrenia will not develop the disorder unless they are exposed to stress at critical times in development.


Input: [Question] The personality disorder that is associated with the tendency to overreact and use excessive emotions to draw attention from and manipulate others is called: [Answer]

Output: Histrionic


Input: [Question] Each of the following are symptoms of most people with antisocial personality EXCEPT: [Answer]

Output: Killing other people without feeling any guilt


Input: [Question] Which of the following mood disorders is most closely associated with disruptions in the circadian clock? [Answer]

Output: Seasonal affective disorder


Input: [Question] The “insanity” defense is rarely used. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Schizophrenia is the same as “split personality”. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Not all psychopaths are violent. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Individuals with one psychological diagnosis frequently have more than one diagnosis. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Psychopathology is [Answer]

Output: the study of abnormal behavior


Input: [Question] Trepanning [Answer]

Output: is drilling some holes in the skull


Input: [Question] abnormal behavior is [Answer]

Output: considered to be any behavior that is rare, deviates from the social norm within the situational context, causes subjective discomfort, or is maladaptive.


Input: [Question] Psychological disorders are defined as [Answer]

Output: a pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm themselves or others, or interferes with their ability to function in daily life.


Input: [Question] The psychoanalytical model suggests that [Answer]

Output: disorders are the result of repressed thoughts in the unconscious mind


Input: [Question] the behaviorist model explains disorders as [Answer]

Output: a set of learned behaviors.


Input: [Question] Cognitive psychologists have proposed the cognitive model which describes [Answer]

Output: psychological disorders as resulting from faulty thinking patterns


Input: [Question] Axis 1 contains all the psychological disorders except [Answer]

Output: personality disorders.


Input: [Question] Axis II includes [Answer]

Output: personality disorders and mental retardation.


Input: [Question] III includes an assessment of [Answer]

Output: any physical disorders that affect a person psychologically


Input: [Question] IV consists of problems in a person’s environment that [Answer]

Output: may be affecting his or her psychological functioning.


Input: [Question] Axis V is an assessment of [Answer]

Output: a person’s overall (or global) level of functioning ranging from 0 to 100.


Input: [Question] 22 percent of adults in the United States could be diagnosed [Answer]

Output: with a mental disorder.


Input: [Question] matter [Answer]

Output: anything that has mass and takes up space


Input: [Question] chemistry [Answer]

Output: the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes


Input: [Question] substance [Answer]

Output: a single kind of matter that is pure, it always has a specific makeup


Input: [Question] physical property [Answer]

Output: a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it to another substance


Input: [Question] chemical property [Answer]

Output: a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances


Input: [Question] element [Answer]

Output: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other simpler substance by chemical of physical means


Input: [Question] atom [Answer]

Output: the basic particle from which all elements are made


Input: [Question] chemical bond [Answer]

Output: a force of attraction between two atoms


Input: [Question] molecule [Answer]

Output: formed when atoms combine to make larger particles


Input: [Question] compound [Answer]

Output: a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio


Input: [Question] chemical formula [Answer]

Output: shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms


Input: [Question] mixture [Answer]

Output: made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined


Input: [Question] heterogeneous mixture [Answer]

Output: a mixture in which you can see the different parts


Input: [Question] homogeneous mixture [Answer]

Output: so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts


Input: [Question] solution [Answer]

Output: made up of a solute and a solvent


Input: [Question] weight [Answer]

Output: a measure of the force of gravity on an object


Input: [Question] mass [Answer]

Output: the measurement of the amount of matter in an object


Input: [Question] International System of Units [Answer]

Output: a universal system of metric units


Input: [Question] volume [Answer]

Output: the amount of space that matter occupies


Input: [Question] density [Answer]

Output: relates to the amount of mass of a material in a given volume


Input: [Question] physical change [Answer]

Output: any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not create a new substance


Input: [Question] chemical change [Answer]

Output: a change in matter that produces one or more new substances


Input: [Question] law of conservation of mass [Answer]

Output: the fact that matter is neither created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change


Input: [Question] energy [Answer]

Output: the ability to do work or cause change


Input: [Question] temperature [Answer]

Output: a measure of the average energy of random motion of particles of matter


Input: [Question] thermal energy [Answer]

Output: the total energy of all the particles in an object


Input: [Question] endothermic energy [Answer]

Output: a change in which energy is taken in


Input: [Question] exothermic energy [Answer]

Output: reaction that releases energy


Input: [Question] kinetic energy [Answer]

Output: the energy of matter in motion


Input: [Question] potential energy [Answer]

Output: stored energy an object has because of its position


Input: [Question] chemical energy [Answer]

Output: the internal energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms


Input: [Question] electromagnetic energy [Answer]

Output: a form of energy that travels through space as waves


Input: [Question] electrical energy [Answer]

Output: the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another


Input: [Question] electrode [Answer]

Output: two metal strips attached to wires that are placed inside a solution as part of the electrolysis process


Input: [Definition] worried, concerned [Sentence] Jonas was quite ____ about the upcoming Ceremony where he would learn what his assignment would be. [Term]

Output: apprehensive


Input: [Definition] stick to, follow [Sentence] Jonas' mom had the responsibility in the community of being sure that the people showed ____ to all of the rules and regulations. [Term]

Output: adherence


Input: [Definition] favorably, kindly, gently [Sentence] Fiona and Jonas ____ bathed the men and women in the House of the Old. [Term]

Output: benignly


Input: [Definition] precisely, with extreme care [Sentence] Dad ____ feed and nurtured Gabe so that he would start to grow and be strong. [Term]

Output: meticulously


Input: [Definition] suffering, pain and distress [Sentence] Jonas felt ____ when he received the memories about war. [Term]

Output: anguish


Input: [Definition] upset, crying, emotionally stressed [Sentence] Asher said he was late for school because he was ___ but he meant that he had been distracted not that he was upset. [Term]

Output: distraught


Input: [Definition] chuckled, giggled [Sentence] Lily ___ when Jonas teased her about her animal. [Term]

Output: chortled


Input: [Definition] confused to what is going on, [Sentence] Jonas was ____ by the fact that the Giver had an off button for his speaker but in Jonas' home they could not turn the speaker off. [Term]

Output: mystified


Input: [Definition] older people in the community, thought to be more wise [Sentence] The ____ in the community decided which twelve received a particular assignment. [Term]

Output: elders


Input: [Definition] quiet, peaceful, pleasant [Sentence] The park where the kids would go to play was peaceful and ___. [Term]

Output: serene


Input: [Definition] get after someone, discipline [Sentence] Asher was ______ for being late to school and had to apologize for his bad behavior. [Term]

Output: chastised


Input: [Definition] left alone, orphaned, without parents [Sentence] The newborn, Gabe, was not ___ by Jonas' dad because Jonas' dad brought him home to take better care of him so he would not have to be released. [Term]

Output: abandoned


Input: [Definition] curiousity, interest [Sentence] I am personally ___ about this odd community and wonder how they were able to control the climate. [Term]

Output: intrigued


Input: [Definition] doing what you are supposed to do, do what you are told [Sentence] Lily ____ went up to her room when she was asked so that her parents could have a private talk with Jonas. [Term]

Output: obediently


Input: [Question] Dispersion [Answer]

Output: The phenomenon observed when white light is incident on the face of a prism and emerges on the opposite side with all its wavelengths split apart. λ is related to the index of refraction n = c/fλ. A small λ has a large n, a small angle of refraction (θ2).


Input: [Question] Diverging Lens [Answer]

Output: A lens with a thin center that diverges light after refraction and always forms a virtual image.


Input: [Question] Diverging Mirror [Answer]

Output: A convex mirror with a negative focal length. Diverging mirrors always produce virtual images.


Input: [Question] Electromagnetic Spectrum [Answer]

Output: The full range of frequencies and wavelengths for electromagnetic waves broken down into the following regions (in descending order of λ): radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray.


Input: [Question] Electromagnetic Waves [Answer]

Output: When a magnetic field is changing, it causes a change in an electric field and vice versa, resulting in the propagation of a transverse wave containing a magnetic and an electric field that are perpendicular to each other.


Input: [Question] Focal Length [Answer]

Output: The distance between the focal point and the mirror or lens. For spherical mirrors, the focal length is equal to one-half the radius of curvature.


Input: [Question] Index of Refraction [Answer]

Output: Ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through a medium, given by: n = c/v; factor by which the c is reduced as light travels from a vacuum into another medium.


Input: [Question] Interference [Answer]

Output: When superimposed light waves are in phase, their amplitudes add (constructive interference) and the appearance is brighter. When superimposed light waves are out of phase, their amplitudes subtract (destructive interference) and the appearance is darker.


Input: [Question] Law of Reflection [Answer]

Output: Law stating that when light waves strike a medium, the angle of incidence θi is equal to the angle of reflection θr.


Input: [Question] Magnification [Answer]

Output: A dimensionless value denoted by m given by the equation: m = -i/o, where i is image height and o is object height. A negative m denotes an inverted image, whereas a positive m denotes an upright image.


Input: [Question] Plane-Polarized Light [Answer]

Output: Light that has been passed through a polarizing filter, allowing only the transmission of waves containing electric field vectors parallel to the lines of the filter.


Input: [Question] Plane Mirror [Answer]

Output: A mirror in which incident light rays remain parallel after reflection, always producing a virtual image that appears to be the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.


Input: [Question] Real Image [Answer]

Output: An image produced at a point where the light rays actually converge or pass through. For mirrors, this would be on the side of the object; for lenses, it would be on the opposite side of the object.


Input: [Question] Snell's Law [Answer]

Output: Equation describing the angle of refraction for a light ray passing from one medium to another, given by n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2, where n is the index of refraction.


Input: [Question] Speed of Light [Answer]

Output: The speed of electromagnetic waves traveling through a vacuum, given by the equation c = λf, where c is a constant equal to 3.00 x 10^8 m/s.


Input: [Question] Spherical Mirror [Answer]

Output: A curved mirror that is essentially small, cut-out portion of a sphere mirror, having a center of curvature C and radius of curvature r.


Input: [Question] Total Internal Reflection [Answer]

Output: The condition in which the θ1 of light traveling from a medium with a high n to a medium with a low n is greater than the critical angle θc resulting in all of the light being reflected and none of it being refracted.


Input: [Question] Virtual Image [Answer]

Output: An image produced at a point where light does not actually pass or converge. For mirrors, this would be on the opposite side of the object; for lenses, it would be on the same side as the object.


Input: [Question] Diffraction [Answer]

Output: The spreading-out effect of light when it passes through a small slit opening.


Input: [Question] Converging Mirror [Answer]

Output: A concave mirror with a positive focal length.


Input: [Question] Converging Lens [Answer]

Output: A lens with a thick center that converges light rays at a point where the image is formed.


Input: [Answer] organisms that produce their own food [Question]

Output: producers


Input: [Answer] organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food [Question]

Output: consumers


Input: [Answer] a consumer that eats producers exclusively (only) [Question]

Output: herbivore


Input: [Answer] a consumer that eats only other consumers [Question]

Output: carnivore


Input: [Answer] a consumer that eats both producers and consumers [Question]

Output: omnivore


Input: [Answer] the minimum amount of energy required by the body in a day [Question]

Output: basal metabolic rate


Input: [Answer] the chemical process by which organisms get energy from food [Question]

Output: combustion reaction


Input: [Answer] simple carbohydrates (simple sugars) [Question]

Output: monosaccharides


Input: [Answer] formed when two monosaccharides link up [Question]

Output: disaccharide


Input: [Answer] formed when several monosaccharides link up (such as a starch) [Question]

Output: polysaccharide


Input: [Answer] a unit used to measure energy [Question]

Output: calorie


Input: [Answer] provide info about a company’s financial position and performance. Financial statement are issued by management [Question]

Output: Role of financial reporting


Input: [Answer] take the financial statements and evaluate the past, current, n prospective financial position n performance to make various decisions from them ex: investment [Question]

Output: Role of financial statement analysis


Input: [Answer] i. primarily interested in company’s long-term earning power, growth, and ability to pay dividends [Question]

Output: equity investors


Input: [Answer] interested in immediate liquidity bc they seek an early payback of their investment ex: banks n trade creditors [Question]

Output: short term creditors


Input: [Answer] concerned with the company’s long term asset position n earning power ex: corporate bond owners such as insurance companies and pension funds [Question]

Output: long term creditors


Input: [Answer] Measures success of a business for a given period of time=>looks at the in between period of 2 consecutive balance sheet dates [Question]

Output: Income statement


Input: [Answer] derive an effective measure of future earnings and cash flows [Question]

Output: Goal of income statement analysis


Input: [Answer] income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, statement of changes in owners' or stockholders' equity [Question]

Output: principal financial statements


Input: [Answer] Provides info about a company’s cash receipts and cash payments. iii. Answers things like, where did the cash come from during the period? What was the cash used for? What was the change in the cash balance? [Question]

Output: Cash flow statement


Input: [Answer] This is organized according to operating, investment and financing activities [Question]

Output: Cash flow statement Organization


Input: [Answer] liquidity, solvency, financial flexibility [Question]

Output: Cash flow statement helps the users evaluate:


Input: [Answer] Ability of a company to pay its debt as they mature [Question]

Output: Solvency


Input: [Answer] “nearness to cash” of assets and liabilities [Question]

Output: Liquidity


Input: [Answer] a. Refers to a company’s ability to respond and adapt to financial adversity and unexpected needs and opportunities. [Question]

Output: Financial flexibility


Input: [Answer] owner’s investments and the total earnings retained from the commencement of the company. Equity represents the source of financing provided to the company by the owners. [Question]

Output: equity ownership


Input: [Answer] Reports ownership interests in order of preference upon liquidation and dividends [Question]

Output: Statement of changes in owners’ or stockholders’ equity


Input: [Answer] i. part of the financial statements ii. provide info about the accounting methods, assumptions and estimates used by management to develop the data iii. provide additional disclosure in certain areas [Question]

Output: financial notes


Input: [Answer] i. Additional data that is provided about assets and liabilities of a company outside the financial statements ii. Ex: impact of changing prices or gas reserve iii. Some of the supplementary data is unaudited [Question]

Output: supplementary schedules


Input: [Answer] requires management to discuss specific issues on the financial statements, and to asses the company’s current financial condition, liquidity, and its planned capital expenditure for the next year. ii. Not audited and for public companies only [Question]

Output: Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)


Input: [Answer] 1. Activities that are involved with running a business. These activities determine the net income and changes in the working capital account, ex: paying taxes [Question]

Output: Operating


Input: [Answer] 1. Activities associated with the spending needed to begin and continue operations, ex: buying land, selling resources when they are no longer needed [Question]

Output: Investing


Input: [Answer] 1. Activities associated to obtaining or repaying capital. Ex: issuing tock, obtaining loans from creditors, payment of dividends (considered a financing activity bc they are necessary to obtain funding). [Question]

Output: Financing


Input: [Answer] a.women made the men uniforms b. women caared for the soliders medical need c. they became spies for their sides of the war [Question]

Output: list as least three contributions made by women during the civil war


Input: [Answer] statement issued by lincoln stating all slaves in the confederate states still at war with the union were set free [Question]

Output: what was the emancipation proclamtion


Input: [Answer] con. city (civilians+soldiers) was compelty surrounded by union army. they couldnt get any suplies or leave. they were starving+ scared of being shot. after 48 days, they surreneded. the union took over the city [Question]

Output: how did blockading the city of vicksburg cause the confederate to surrender?


Input: [Answer] south depened on slaves to earn money, rural society never grew a change. north they worked and earned their own money (urban) society grew a change [Question]

Output: what was different about how the southerners and northerners lived?


Input: [Answer] south north [Question]

Output: most enslaved african americans lived in the____, while most African Americans lived in the _____


Input: [Answer] broke tools they need to work with escape the underground railroad ack sick [Question]

Output: list three ways the enslaved african americans resisted slavery


Input: [Answer] they lived in fear neither had voting rights [Question]

Output: list two challenges faced by free african americans in north and south


Input: [Answer] kept the balance between free states. when a slave states was added and free state had to be added as well [Question]

Output: what did the missiouri compromised decide


Input: [Answer] confederate states of america [Question]

Output: the southern states that seceded formed their own government called the?


Input: [Answer] jefferson davis [Question]

Output: was elected president of the confederate states of america


Input: [Answer] union or united states of america [Question]

Output: the states the ramained loyal to the united states government were called?


Input: [Answer] missouri delaware maryland west virgina kentucky [Question]

Output: list the five border states


Input: [Answer] 1861-1865 [Question]

Output: the american civil war was between what years?


Input: [Answer] hold the united states together [Question]

Output: in 1861, lincolns aim was to _____________________________ not to end slavery


Input: [Answer] wanted to become one country agian [Question]

Output: what as one of the sounths reasons for fighting


Input: [Answer] both sides lost so many men, no one really won [Question]

Output: why was the battle of antietam declared undecided?


Input: [Answer] submarines,ironclad,better riffles, hand grenades, covered in ironclad frist ships like a submarine on the ships they were able to fire riffles, new grenades, cannon [Question]

Output: what new technology did the virginia and montior have?


Input: [Answer] bloskade mississippieast and the west [Question]

Output: winfield scotts's anaconda plan had three parts fill in the black


Input: [Answer] fugitive slave law [Question]

Output: the ________ stated that escaped slaves had to be returned to their owners, even if they had reached northern states where slavery wasnt allowed


Input: [Answer] the motions of joints in the body(joint motions) [Question]

Output: What are arthrokinematics


Input: [Answer] A stusy that usese the principles of physics to quantitatively study hoe forces interact within a living body [Question]

Output: What are biomechanics


Input: [Answer] the skeletal,muscular and Nervous systems [Question]

Output: The human movement system includes


Input: [Answer] sagital,frontal and transverse planes [Question]

Output: Planes of motion


Input: [Answer] concentric,eccentric and isometric [Question]

Output: Muscle Actions


Input: [Answer] developing tension while a muscle is shortening;when developed tension overcomes resistive force [Question]

Output: Concentric


Input: [Answer] Developing tension while the muscle is lengthening;when resistive force overcomes developed tension [Question]

Output: Eccentric


Input: [Answer] when the contractile force is equal to the resistive force [Question]

Output: Isometric


Input: [Answer] an influence applied from one object to another, which results in acceleration or deceleration of the second object [Question]

Output: Force


Input: [Answer] the study of functional anatomy,functional biomechanicsmotio learning and motor control [Question]

Output: Human Movement Science


Input: [Answer] the force the ground exerts back onto the body through the foot [Question]

Output: Ground Reaction Force


Input: [Answer] 1 to1.5 times one body weight [Question]

Output: GFR-Walking


Input: [Answer] 2-5 times ones body weight [Question]

Output: GFR-Running


Input: [Answer] 4-11 time ones body weight [Question]

Output: GFR-Jumping


Input: [Answer] the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length [Question]

Output: Length-tension relationship


Input: [Question] Study of the interaction of drugs and subcellular entities such as enzymes and DNA is called [Answer]

Output: molecular pharmacology


Input: [Question] suppositories are inserted: [Answer]

Output: rectally


Input: [Question] Drugs that are swollowed and absorbed through the intestinal tract: [Answer]

Output: Oral


Input: [Question] Aerosols are administered in this way: [Answer]

Output: inhalation


Input: [Question] drugs are applied on the skin [Answer]

Output: topical


Input: [Question] morphine [Answer]

Output: analgesic


Input: [Question] beta-blocker [Answer]

Output: cardiovascular


Input: [Question] amphetamine and caffeine [Answer]

Output: stimulant


Input: [Question] drugs that relax without necessarily producing sleep [Answer]

Output: sedative


Input: [Question] drugs that are used to relieve pain, induce sleep, and suppress cough [Answer]

Output: analgesics


Input: [Question] drugs that produce a loss of sensation thoughout the entire body [Answer]

Output: anesthetics


Input: [Question] drugs used to treat epilepsy [Answer]

Output: anticonvulsants


Input: [Question] study of how drugs interact with subcellular parts [Answer]

Output: molecular phrmacology


Input: [Question] use of drugs in the treatment of disease [Answer]

Output: chemotherapy


Input: [Question] study os the harmful effects of drugs [Answer]

Output: toxicology


Input: [Question] study of drug effects in the body [Answer]

Output: pharmacodynamics


Input: [Question] measurement of drug concentrations in tissues and in blood over time [Answer]

Output: pharmokinetics


Input: [Question] a term that describes an exaggerated feeling of well being is: [Answer]

Output: euphoria


Input: [Question] preoccupation with one's self and lack of responsiveness to others is a characteristic of [Answer]

Output: autism


Input: [Question] false or unreal sensory perceptions are called [Answer]

Output: hallucinations


Input: [Question] which of the following psychotherapies uses free association and transference [Answer]

Output: psychoanalysis


Input: [Question] short depressive periods and moods with no psychotic features [Answer]

Output: dysthymic disorder


Input: [Question] severe dysphoric mood with psychotic features [Answer]

Output: major depression


Input: [Question] grandiose sense of self importance and preoccupation with fantasies of success and power [Answer]

Output: narcissistic


Input: [Question] no loyalty or concern for others; without moral standards [Answer]

Output: antisocial


Input: [Question] emotionally cold and aloof; indifferent to praise or criticism and to the feelings of others [Answer]

Output: schozoid


Input: [Question] emotional, immature, and dependent; irrational outbursts and flamboyant behavior [Answer]

Output: histrionic


Input: [Question] loss of memory [Answer]

Output: amnesia


Input: [Question] state of excessive excitability; agitation [Answer]

Output: mania


Input: [Question] a non-reactive state; stupor [Answer]

Output: mutism


Input: [Question] persistent idea, emotion, or urge [Answer]

Output: obession


Input: [Question] uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly [Answer]

Output: compulsion


Input: [Question] feelings of apprehension, uneasiness, dread [Answer]

Output: anxiety


Input: [Question] uncontrollable feelings are separated from their real object and redirected [Answer]

Output: dissociation


Input: [Question] anxiety becomes a bodily symptom that has no organic basis [Answer]

Output: conversion


Input: [Question] lack of responsiveness to others; preoccupied with self [Answer]

Output: autism


Input: [Question] absence of emotions [Answer]

Output: apathy


Input: [Question] false or unreal sensory perception [Answer]

Output: hallucination


Input: [Question] fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence [Answer]

Output: delusion


Input: [Question] confusion in thinking; faulty perceptions and irrational behavior [Answer]

Output: delirium


Input: [Question] unstable, undergoing rapid emotional change [Answer]

Output: labile


Input: [Question] antihistame [Answer]

Output: anaphylactic shock


Input: [Question] analgesic [Answer]

Output: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug


Input: [Question] antidiabetic [Answer]

Output: insulin


Input: [Question] anticoagulant [Answer]

Output: heparin


Input: [Question] antibiotic [Answer]

Output: penicillin or erythromycin


Input: [Question] stimulant [Answer]

Output: caffeine or amphetamines


Input: [Question] sedative/hypnotic [Answer]

Output: benzodiazepine


Input: [Question] tranquilizer [Answer]

Output: phenothiazine


Input: [Question] Define Immutability of Species [Answer]

Output: The idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could fundamentally change.


Input: [Question] Define Microevolution [Answer]

Output: The theory that natural selection can over time, take an organism and tranform it into a more specialized species of that organism.


Input: [Question] Define Macroevolution [Answer]

Output: The hypothesis that processes similar to those at work in microevolution can, over eons of time, tranform an organism into a completely different kind of organism.


Input: [Question] Define Strata [Answer]

Output: Distict layers of rock.


Input: [Question] Define Fossils [Answer]

Output: Perserved remains of once-living organisms.


Input: [Question] Define Paleontology [Answer]

Output: The study of fossils


Input: [Question] Define Structural Homology [Answer]

Output: The study of similar structures in different species.


Input: [Question] Where did Darwin do most of the work which led to his hypothesis of evolution? [Answer]

Output: On his voyage on the HMS Beagle


Input: [Question] Did Darwin ever recant his scientific beliefs? [Answer]

Output: No


Input: [Question] What was the main idea that Thomas Malthus' work gave to Darwin? [Answer]

Output: That the individuals within a population struggle against other individuals to obtain what is necessary in order to survive and reproduce.


Input: [Question] What was the main idea that Sir Charles Lyell's work gave to Darwin? [Answer]

Output: That "The present is the key to the past"


Input: [Question] What age old concept was Darwin able to dispel with his research? [Answer]

Output: The immutability of species


Input: [Question] If after several generations, the horses gave rise to giraffes that could easily reach food in the trees, would that be an example of mircoevolution or macroevolution? [Answer]

Output: Macroevolution


Input: [Question] From the genetic view point, what is the main differences between microevolution and macroevolution? [Answer]

Output: microevolution has the ability in their genetic code to be able to change with the environment and macroevolution adds information to its genetic code.


Input: [Question] For each set of data, indicate whether it is evidence for or against macroevolution or it is inconclusive : Geological Column, Fossils, Structural Homology, and Molecular Biology. [Answer]

Output: The geological column is inconclusive, Fossils are against it, and Structural homology and Molecular Biology is against it.


Input: [Question] Name two creatures that macroevolutionists claim are intermediate links and why they are not really intermediate links. [Answer]

Output: Archeopteryx and the Australopithecus Afarensis, because they are just a ape and a bird.


Input: [Question] What is the Cambrian Explosion? Why is it a problem for macroevolutionists? [Answer]

Output: It is the "explosion" of life in Cambrian times; because it all happend in a short period of time when its suppose to take eons of time and there was no way to understand it and no intermediate links.


Input: [Question] What are the four ways a bacterium can become resistant to an antibodic? [Answer]

Output: mutation, conjugation, transformation, and transduction


Input: [Question] If a bacteria has a mutation that makes it resistant to an antibodic, does information get added to its genetic code? [Answer]

Output: No


Input: [Question] Based on macroevolutionary assumptions, which organism's Cytochrome C should most resemble that of yeast: a kangaroo or a bacterium? [Answer]

Output: Bacterium


Input: [Question] What problem with Darwin's hypothesis did neo-darwinism hope to solve? [Answer]

Output: How to add information to your genetic code and neodarwinist say through mutation.


Input: [Question] What problem with Darwin's hypothesis did punctuated equilibrum attempt to solve? [Answer]

Output: It would save the problem of not having missing links.


Input: [Question] How would an adherent to punctuated equilibrum explain the lack of intermediate links in the fossil record? [Answer]

Output: The intermediate links would not exist for very long so the chance of being fossilized is very small.


Input: [Question] What problems mentioned in this module still exist for those who believe in punctuated equilibrum? [Answer]

Output: Structural Homology and Molecular Biology states that even with punctuated equilibrum it still could not have happend.


Input: [Answer] The phenomenon observed when white light is incident on the face of a prism and emerges on the opposite side with all its wavelengths split apart. λ is related to the index of refraction n = c/fλ. A small λ has a large n, a small angle of refraction (θ2). [Question]

Output: Dispersion


Input: [Answer] A lens with a thin center that diverges light after refraction and always forms a virtual image. [Question]

Output: Diverging Lens


Input: [Answer] A convex mirror with a negative focal length. Diverging mirrors always produce virtual images. [Question]

Output: Diverging Mirror


Input: [Answer] The full range of frequencies and wavelengths for electromagnetic waves broken down into the following regions (in descending order of λ): radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray. [Question]

Output: Electromagnetic Spectrum


Input: [Answer] When a magnetic field is changing, it causes a change in an electric field and vice versa, resulting in the propagation of a transverse wave containing a magnetic and an electric field that are perpendicular to each other. [Question]

Output: Electromagnetic Waves


Input: [Answer] The distance between the focal point and the mirror or lens. For spherical mirrors, the focal length is equal to one-half the radius of curvature. [Question]

Output: Focal Length


Input: [Answer] Ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through a medium, given by: n = c/v; factor by which the c is reduced as light travels from a vacuum into another medium. [Question]

Output: Index of Refraction


Input: [Answer] When superimposed light waves are in phase, their amplitudes add (constructive interference) and the appearance is brighter. When superimposed light waves are out of phase, their amplitudes subtract (destructive interference) and the appearance is darker. [Question]

Output: Interference


Input: [Answer] Law stating that when light waves strike a medium, the angle of incidence θi is equal to the angle of reflection θr. [Question]

Output: Law of Reflection


Input: [Answer] A dimensionless value denoted by m given by the equation: m = -i/o, where i is image height and o is object height. A negative m denotes an inverted image, whereas a positive m denotes an upright image. [Question]

Output: Magnification


Input: [Answer] Light that has been passed through a polarizing filter, allowing only the transmission of waves containing electric field vectors parallel to the lines of the filter. [Question]

Output: Plane-Polarized Light


Input: [Answer] A mirror in which incident light rays remain parallel after reflection, always producing a virtual image that appears to be the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. [Question]

Output: Plane Mirror


Input: [Answer] An image produced at a point where the light rays actually converge or pass through. For mirrors, this would be on the side of the object; for lenses, it would be on the opposite side of the object. [Question]

Output: Real Image


Input: [Answer] Equation describing the angle of refraction for a light ray passing from one medium to another, given by n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2, where n is the index of refraction. [Question]

Output: Snell's Law


Input: [Answer] The speed of electromagnetic waves traveling through a vacuum, given by the equation c = λf, where c is a constant equal to 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. [Question]

Output: Speed of Light


Input: [Answer] A curved mirror that is essentially small, cut-out portion of a sphere mirror, having a center of curvature C and radius of curvature r. [Question]

Output: Spherical Mirror


Input: [Answer] The condition in which the θ1 of light traveling from a medium with a high n to a medium with a low n is greater than the critical angle θc resulting in all of the light being reflected and none of it being refracted. [Question]

Output: Total Internal Reflection


Input: [Answer] An image produced at a point where light does not actually pass or converge. For mirrors, this would be on the opposite side of the object; for lenses, it would be on the same side as the object. [Question]

Output: Virtual Image


Input: [Answer] The spreading-out effect of light when it passes through a small slit opening. [Question]

Output: Diffraction


Input: [Answer] A concave mirror with a positive focal length. [Question]

Output: Converging Mirror


Input: [Answer] A lens with a thick center that converges light rays at a point where the image is formed. [Question]

Output: Converging Lens


Input: [Answer] Pan-Slavism [Question]

Output: A movement led by Russia to unite all Slavic speaking people.


Input: [Answer] Powderkeg [Question]

Output: A symbol which represents the filling of a barrel with causes until it explodes


Input: [Answer] underlying causes [Question]

Output: events that are often times hidden


Input: [Answer] militarism [Question]

Output: glorification of arms forces....the belief you can solve your nations problems through force.


Input: [Answer] arms race [Question]

Output: competition between nations dealing with weapons


Input: [Answer] imperialism [Question]

Output: domination of a nation by another


Input: [Answer] alliance [Question]

Output: a unified group


Input: [Answer] Central Powers [Question]

Output: Italy, Germany and Austria-Hungary


Input: [Answer] Allies/Allied Powers [Question]

Output: Russia, GB, France


Input: [Answer] Triple Entente [Question]

Output: Another name for the Allied Powers


Input: [Answer] Francis Ferdinand [Question]

Output: Austrian Hungarian archduke who was assasinated trigering WWI.


Input: [Answer] Gavrillo Princip [Question]

Output: Leader of the assasins who killed the archduke


Input: [Answer] Black Hand [Question]

Output: name of terrorist organization who had a role in assisination of archduke


Input: [Answer] ultimatum [Question]

Output: a series of demands


Input: [Answer] mobilize [Question]

Output: to prepare for war


Input: [Answer] Blank Check [Question]

Output: Germany offered Austria-hungary unlimited support


Input: [Answer] Neutrality [Question]

Output: To stay out of conflict. America chose this in the early years of the war.


Input: [Answer] two front war [Question]

Output: fighting in more than one location at a time. Germany's plan was to avoid this.


Input: [Answer] total war [Question]

Output: where all people and parts of a country are involved with war.


Input: [Answer] Schlieffen Plan [Question]

Output: German plan to avoid two front war. Attack France quickly then turn on Russia.


Input: [Answer] Trench warfare [Question]

Output: Digging holes and fighting out of them. Very little advancement in fighting.


Input: [Answer] No man's land [Question]

Output: Area between trenches where no one dared to go.


Input: [Answer] Eastern Front [Question]

Output: Fighting on border area of Russia


Input: [Answer] Western Front [Question]

Output: Fighting line in France


Input: [Answer] "All Quiet on the Western Front" [Question]

Output: Famous novel and movie about conditions of WWI


Input: [Answer] U-boat [Question]

Output: boat that goes under water


Input: [Answer] conscription [Question]

Output: to be drafted into battle


Input: [Answer] atrocities [Question]

Output: horrible acts during war


Input: [Answer] Treaty of Brest-Litovsk [Question]

Output: Agreement for Russia to leave WWI


Input: [Answer] Lusitania [Question]

Output: Passenger ship sunk by Germans killing 128 Americans and causing much American anger.


Input: [Answer] Unrestricted sub-warfare [Question]

Output: means to sink all types of ships in a war zone


Input: [Answer] Zimmerman Note [Question]

Output: telegram asking Mexico to attack America. Event that brougth America into WWI


Input: [Answer] Woodrow Wilson [Question]

Output: American President who tried to bring about a fair resolution to WWI


Input: [Answer] 14 points [Question]

Output: Plan for peace and rebuilding of Europe after WWI. Proposed by American president.


Input: [Answer] armistice [Question]

Output: A cease fire or pause in conflict


Input: [Answer] big three [Question]

Output: leaders of France, GB and US


Input: [Answer] Treaty of Versailles [Question]

Output: treaty ending WWI


Input: [Answer] Article 231/War guilt clause [Question]

Output: part of treaty ending war that blamed Germany for entire war


Input: [Answer] Mr. Shafer [Question]

Output: leader of revolution against Russian Czar


Input: [Answer] Red [Question]

Output: color of the communist party


Input: [Answer] Bolsheviks [Question]

Output: name of communist party


Input: [Answer] U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union [Question]

Output: name of Russia after the revolution


Input: [Answer] Stalemate [Question]

Output: when no one holds an advantage


Input: [Answer] Poisonous Gases [Question]

Output: Included Mustard and Chlorine


Input: [Answer] Propaganda [Question]

Output: Trying to convince people to believe something nations used


Input: [Answer] Machine Gun [Question]

Output: Weapon which caused the stalemate


Input: [Answer] Shrapnel [Question]

Output: Pieces of bomb and granades that fly out


Input: [Answer] War of attrition [Question]

Output: To try and wear out your enemy


Input: [Answer] Blockade [Question]

Output: To block supplioes into a country


Input: [Answer] rationing [Question]

Output: To have limits on food and supplies


Input: [Answer] Trench Foot [Question]

Output: Condition common to soldiers in WWI


Input: [Answer] Post traumatic stress disorder [Question]

Output: Another name for Shell Shock


Input: [Answer] Tzar [Question]

Output: name of a Russian leader


Input: [Answer] palace of Versailles [Question]

Output: Location of signing of the Peace Treaty


Input: [Answer] reparations [Question]

Output: repaying war debts


Input: [Term] Nonperishable [Definition]

Output: food that can't go bad


Input: [Term] Desolation [Definition]

Output: a state of complete emptiness or destruction


Input: [Term] Gaunt [Definition]

Output: lean and haggard, esp. because of suffering, hunger, or age


Input: [Term] Beseeching [Definition]

Output: urgently and fervently to do something implore


Input: [Term] retaliated [Definition]

Output: make an attack in return for a similar attack


Input: [Term] urchins [Definition]

Output: a mishcieovus young child, esp.one who is poorly or raggedly dressed


Input: [Term] carrions [Definition]

Output: the decaying flesh of dead animals


Input: [Term] prone [Definition]

Output: ready to fire at an givin moment


Input: [Term] portal [Definition]

Output: a door way , gate , or other entrance


Input: [Term] Exuberance [Definition]

Output: hyper and very excited


Input: [Term] reprisals [Definition]

Output: an act of retaliation


Input: [Term] ludicrous [Definition]

Output: so foolish unreasonable or out of place as to be amusing ridiculous