Input: [Question] a fuel formed from the decayed remains of ancient plants and animals [Answer]

Output: fossil fuel


Input: [Question] to change from a liquid to a solid when the temperature drops [Answer]

Output: freeze


Input: [Question] the largest planet in the solar system [Answer]

Output: Jupiter


Input: [Question] between Mars and Jupiter [Answer]

Output: asteroid belt


Input: [Question] how many times something occurs [Answer]

Output: frequency


Input: [Question] a force between two surfaces rubbing against each other [Answer]

Output: friction


Input: [Question] a place where one air mass meets anther air mass [Answer]

Output: front


Input: [Question] a structure that grows from a flower of any plant and contains seeds [Answer]

Output: fruit


Input: [Question] a material that is burned to produce heat energy [Answer]

Output: fuel


Input: [Question] a job that something does [Answer]

Output: function


Input: [Question] the growth or sprouting of a new plant from a seed [Answer]

Output: germination


Input: [Question] the force that causes attraction between objects [Answer]

Output: gravity


Input: [Question] a group of millions of stars [Answer]

Output: galaxy


Input: [Question] a state of matter which takes the shape and volume of its container [Answer]

Output: gas


Input: [Question] heat from melted rock deep below earth's surface used to heat buildings and produce electricity [Answer]

Output: geothermal energy


Input: [Question] structures in an organism that removes oxygen from water [Answer]

Output: gills


Input: [Question] a large body of moving ice that stays frozen all year [Answer]

Output: glacier


Input: [Question] the place where an organism lives [Answer]

Output: habitat


Input: [Question] anything that is dangerous [Answer]

Output: hazard


Input: [Question] the line at the bottom of a graph [Answer]

Output: horizontal axis


Input: [Question] water vapor in the air [Answer]

Output: humidity


Input: [Question] decaying plant and animal materil in soil [Answer]

Output: humus


Input: [Question] electricity that is produced from flowing water like that moving through a dam [Answer]

Output: hydroelectricity


Input: [Question] all the water on earth [Answer]

Output: hydrosphere


Input: [Question] a weather instrument that measures humidity [Answer]

Output: hygrometer


Input: [Question] a predicted answer to a scientific question [Answer]

Output: hypothesis


Input: [Question] a rock formed from cooled lava [Answer]

Output: igneous rock


Input: [Question] the tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest or of a moving object to keep moving [Answer]

Output: inertia


Input: [Question] an animal that eats only plants [Answer]

Output: herbivore


Input: [Question] a that cannot be used up [Answer]

Output: inexhaustible resource


Input: [Question] a characteristic passed from parent to offspring [Answer]

Output: inherited trait


Input: [Question] another word for an organism's children [Answer]

Output: offspring


Input: [Question] a behavior passed from parent to offspring [Answer]

Output: instinct


Input: [Question] to explain what you think certain information means [Answer]

Output: interpret


Input: [Question] the center of earth made of solid metal [Answer]

Output: inner core


Input: [Question] a material that does not let energy pass through it [Answer]

Output: insulator


Input: [Question] an animal that does not have a backbone [Answer]

Output: invertebrate


Input: [Question] the energy of motion [Answer]

Output: kinetic energy


Input: [Question] a natural feature on earth's surface like a mountain, valley, or plateau [Answer]

Output: landform


Input: [Question] the changed behavior of an organism because of practice or experience it has gained [Answer]

Output: learned behavior


Input: [Question] an object used to refract light [Answer]

Output: lens


Input: [Question] the stages of development an organism goes through as it grows and develops [Answer]

Output: life cycle


Input: [Question] the small wormlike stage in the life cycle of some insects [Answer]

Output: larva


Input: [Question] this energy is faster than sound and can be broken into a rainbow [Answer]

Output: light energy


Input: [Question] a graph used to show change [Answer]

Output: line graph


Input: [Question] a state of matter that takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume [Answer]

Output: liquid


Input: [Question] all the rocks on earth [Answer]

Output: lithosphere


Input: [Question] melted rock below earth's surface [Answer]

Output: magma


Input: [Question] an object that attracts iron [Answer]

Output: magnet


Input: [Question] an animal with a backbone, fur or hair, lungs, live birth, feeds mile [Answer]

Output: mammal


Input: [Question] earth's layer below the crust [Answer]

Output: mantle


Input: [Question] a diagram that show locatiions [Answer]

Output: map


Input: [Question] the amount of matter in something [Answer]

Output: mass


Input: [Question] the stuff or material that everything is made of: it has mass and takes up space [Answer]

Output: matter


Input: [Question] a rock that is formed when another kind of rock is squeezed and heated deep inside earth [Answer]

Output: metamorphic rock


Input: [Question] the changes in form some insect go through [Answer]

Output: metamorphosis


Input: [Question] the seasonal movement of some animals from one place to another [Answer]

Output: migration


Input: [Question] when one animal looks like another to help it survive [Answer]

Output: mimicry


Input: [Question] a combination of two or more substances that can be easily separated [Answer]

Output: mixture


Input: [Question] a picture or object that represents something else [Answer]

Output: model


Input: [Question] a natural object that orbits a planet [Answer]

Output: moon


Input: [Question] the role an organism has in its environment [Answer]

Output: niche


Input: [Question] a resource that can be used up [Answer]

Output: nonrenewable resource


Input: [Question] materials in the environment that are useful to people [Answer]

Output: natural resources


Input: [Question] a substance that an organism needs to survive and grow [Answer]

Output: nutrient


Input: [Question] an animal that eats plants and animals [Answer]

Output: omnivore


Input: [Question] the curved path an object follows around another [Answer]

Output: orbit


Input: [Question] a living thing [Answer]

Output: organism


Input: [Question] the layer of earth between the mantle and innercore [Answer]

Output: outer core


Input: [Question] a layer of gas high in earth's atmosphere that blocks some of the harmful radiation from the sun [Answer]

Output: ozone


Input: [Question] the changes in the way the moon looks as it orbits the earth [Answer]

Output: moon phases


Input: [Question] the process of plants making food [Answer]

Output: photosynthesis


Input: [Question] something that is done to prevent an accident [Answer]

Output: precaution


Input: [Question] any form of water that falls from the sky [Answer]

Output: precipitation


Input: [Question] an animal that hunts other animals [Answer]

Output: predator


Input: [Question] an animal that is hunted by others [Answer]

Output: prey


Input: [Question] an organism that can make its own food [Answer]

Output: producer


Input: [Question] a stage in metamorphosis when the larva is changing into an adult (in a cocoon) [Answer]

Output: pupa


Input: [Question] an electric circuit in which each device has its own separate loop or circle [Answer]

Output: parallel circuit


Input: [Question] how high or low a sound is [Answer]

Output: pitch


Input: [Question] a huge piece of earth's crust [Answer]

Output: plate


Input: [Question] all the organisms of the same species that live in the same place [Answer]

Output: population


Input: [Question] a glass bar that separates light into the color of the rainbow [Answer]

Output: prism


Input: [Question] red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet [Answer]

Output: what ROY G BIV stands for


Input: [Question] to reuse materials [Answer]

Output: recycle


Input: [Question] the bending of light when it moves from one material to another [Answer]

Output: refraction


Input: [Question] a resource that can be replaced in a short time [Answer]

Output: renewable resource


Input: [Question] any material an animal needs for survival and is availabe in its habitat [Answer]

Output: resource


Input: [Question] an animal that feeds on dead animals like a buzzard [Answer]

Output: scavenger


Input: [Question] a developing plant embryo [Answer]

Output: seed


Input: [Question] energy that comes from the sun [Answer]

Output: solar energy


Input: [Question] a type of mixture in which the ingredients dissolve into each other and cannot be easily separated [Answer]

Output: solution


Input: [Question] vibrations that can be heard [Answer]

Output: sound


Input: [Question] the changes that take place in an ecosystem over time [Answer]

Output: succession


Input: [Question] a medium sized star closest to earth [Answer]

Output: sun


Input: [Question] when both sides of an object are the same [Answer]

Output: symmetry


Input: [Question] when light rays bounce back from an object [Answer]

Output: reflection


Input: [Question] to make more of the same kind [Answer]

Output: reproduce


Input: [Question] an animal with a backbone, leathery skin or scales, lungs, lays eggs or gives birth to live young [Answer]

Output: reptile


Input: [Question] one complete trip around the sun [Answer]

Output: revolution


Input: [Question] plant structures that hold a plant in place and take in nutrients from the soil [Answer]

Output: roots


Input: [Question] the spinning of a planet on its axis [Answer]

Output: rotation


Input: [Question] the amount of salt in something [Answer]

Output: salinity


Input: [Question] a kind of grassland [Answer]

Output: savanna


Input: [Question] a rock formed when sediments are pressed together [Answer]

Output: sedimentary rock


Input: [Question] bits of rock , sand, shell, and the remains of organisms [Answer]

Output: sediment


Input: [Question] an electricity circuit where the devices are connected in one straight loop [Answer]

Output: series circuit


Input: [Question] solar energy [Answer]

Output: energy from the sun


Input: [Question] the state of matter with a definite shape and definite volume [Answer]

Output: solid


Input: [Question] the ability to dissolve [Answer]

Output: solubility


Input: [Question] solid, liquid , gas are [Answer]

Output: states of matter


Input: [Question] physical property related to heat [Answer]

Output: temperature


Input: [Question] if you can observe it and measure it you can [Answer]

Output: test it


Input: [Question] the roughness of a material [Answer]

Output: texture


Input: [Question] one complete investigation [Answer]

Output: trial


Input: [Question] a tool that measures temperature [Answer]

Output: thermometer


Input: [Question] a characteristic of an organism [Answer]

Output: trait


Input: [Question] a giant ocean wave caused by earthquake [Answer]

Output: tsunami


Input: [Question] validity means [Answer]

Output: truthful


Input: [Question] the part of an experiment that is different, the part that is being tested [Answer]

Output: variable


Input: [Question] a process that breaks down rocks [Answer]

Output: weathering


Input: [Question] a place that is airless space [Answer]

Output: vacuum


Input: [Question] an animal with a backbone [Answer]

Output: vertebrate


Input: [Question] the up and down line at the side of a graph [Answer]

Output: vertical axis


Input: [Question] the amount of space something takes up [Answer]

Output: volume


Input: [Question] the gas state of water [Answer]

Output: water vapor


Input: [Question] nothing can grow on the moon because there is no [Answer]

Output: atmosphere


Input: [Question] how long it takes earth to rotate on its axis one time [Answer]

Output: 24 hours


Input: [Question] how long it takes earth to revolve around the sun one time [Answer]

Output: 365 days


Input: [Question] how long it takes the moon to go through its cycle one time [Answer]

Output: 29 days


Input: [Question] a dog learning to sit is an example of a [Answer]

Output: learned behavior


Input: [Question] a dog getting immunity from rabies is an example of [Answer]

Output: acquired trait


Input: [Question] a dog being born with long ears like his mother is an example of a [Answer]

Output: inherited trait


Input: [Question] a bird building a nest is an example of [Answer]

Output: inherited behavior


Input: [Question] white on the right means the moon is [Answer]

Output: waxing


Input: [Question] black on the right means the moon is [Answer]

Output: waning


Input: [Definition] Two different alleles for a trait ex. Gg [Term]

Output: Heterozygous


Input: [Definition] Two of the same alleles for a trait ex. GG [Term]

Output: Homozygous


Input: [Definition] two different forms of a gene [Term]

Output: Alleles


Input: [Definition] Allele always shows up in an organism even when the other allele is present [Term]

Output: Dominant


Input: [Definition] Allele is hidden whenever the dominate allele is present [Term]

Output: Recessive


Input: [Definition] Is a characteristic, such as seed color [Term]

Output: Trait


Input: [Definition] Factors that control traits [Term]

Output: Gene


Input: [Definition] Always produces offspring that have the same trait [Term]

Output: Purebred


Input: [Definition] Has two different alleles for a trait [Term]

Output: Hybrid


Input: [Definition] Passing of traits from parents to offspring [Term]

Output: Heredity


Input: [Definition] The study of heredity [Term]

Output: Genetics


Input: [Definition] The way an organism looks. [Term]

Output: Phenotype


Input: [Definition] The genetic makeup, or combination of alleles in an organism [Term]

Output: Genotype


Input: [Definition] Short, thick coils of DNA [Term]

Output: Chromosomes


Input: [Definition] Determines the inherited traits from an organism [Term]

Output: DNA


Input: [Definition] Learning how to ride a bike or play a game [Term]

Output: Acquired Trait


Input: [Definition] Your eye or hair color [Term]

Output: Inherited Trait


Input: [Question] Unit for resistance [Answer]

Output: ohms


Input: [Question] unit for current [Answer]

Output: amps


Input: [Question] unit for power [Answer]

Output: watts


Input: [Question] What law states that like charges repel and unlike charges attract [Answer]

Output: Law of Charges


Input: [Question] What is located in the nucleus of an atom [Answer]

Output: protons and neutrons


Input: [Question] What orbits nucleus of an atom [Answer]

Output: electrons


Input: [Question] An electron has a ___ charge? [Answer]

Output: negative


Input: [Question] A proton has a ___ charge? [Answer]

Output: positive


Input: [Question] The outermost electrons are called ___ electrons. [Answer]

Output: valence


Input: [Question] Normally objects have an __ number of protons and electrons. [Answer]

Output: equal


Input: [Question] Electrons can be removed through ___. [Answer]

Output: friction


Input: [Question] If an object ____ electrons it will have a negative charge. [Answer]

Output: gains


Input: [Question] If an object ____ electrons it will have a positive charge. [Answer]

Output: loses


Input: [Question] Net charge is measured in ___. [Answer]

Output: Coulombs


Input: [Question] The charge carried by 6.24 * 10^18 protons or electrons is called a _____. [Answer]

Output: coulomb


Input: [Question] Electrical ____ like metals do not easily store charges. [Answer]

Output: conductors


Input: [Question] Electrostatic force is a ____ force. [Answer]

Output: field


Input: [Question] In diagrams field strength is represented by the ____ between the lines of force. [Answer]

Output: distance


Input: [Question] The closer the lines of force in a diagram the ___ the force. [Answer]

Output: stronger


Input: [Question] The creation of a charged region on a neutral object when exposed to a nearby electrical charge is called ___. [Answer]

Output: electrical induction


Input: [Question] Charges can be detected with an instrument called an ___. [Answer]

Output: electroscope


Input: [Question] ___ ____ offer little resistance to electron motion. [Answer]

Output: electrical conductors


Input: [Question] ___ ___ do not allow electrons to move easily. [Answer]

Output: electrical insulators


Input: [Question] ____ allow limited electron flow or conduct only under certain conditions. [Answer]

Output: semiconductors


Input: [Question] _____ help balance out a charge difference when one object transfers electrons to another. [Answer]

Output: discharges


Input: [Question] An old device invented to store charges. It has a metal coating on the inside and outside of the jar with glass between it. [Answer]

Output: Leyden Jar


Input: [Question] Electrical charges are ___ ____ because an object has only a limited number of excess electrons. [Answer]

Output: short lived


Input: [Question] Electricity that involves continuously moving charges is called ___. [Answer]

Output: electrical current


Input: [Question] Electrons flow from a point of ___ electrical potential energy in a conductor to a lower potential. [Answer]

Output: higher


Input: [Question] Conventional current of positive charges is in the ___ direction from the electron flow. [Answer]

Output: opposite


Input: [Question] If electrons are flowing from left to right ____ ____ flows from right to left. [Answer]

Output: conventional current


Input: [Question] Electrons flow from the negative end to the __ end. [Answer]

Output: positive


Input: [Question] ___ current is current that flows in one direction. [Answer]

Output: direct


Input: [Question] An ___ ___ is a complete path from a source of electrons through a conductor and back to an electron sink. [Answer]

Output: electric current


Input: [Question] An ___ ___ converts electricity to some other form of energy. [Answer]

Output: electrical load


Input: [Question] A ___ allows you to open and close the circuit by opening or closing a gap in the current path. [Answer]

Output: switch


Input: [Question] Electrons are tiny bits of ___. [Answer]

Output: matter


Input: [Question] Electrons can be supplied by a ____ ____. [Answer]

Output: chemical reaction


Input: [Question] When the chemical reactions in a battery can no longer occur the battery is ___. [Answer]

Output: dead


Input: [Question] Batteries that use solid or paste-like chemicals are called ____ ___. [Answer]

Output: dry cells


Input: [Question] Batteries that use metals and acidic liquid solutions are called ___ ___. [Answer]

Output: wet cells


Input: [Question] Wet cells can be _____. [Answer]

Output: recharged


Input: [Question] Recharging wet cells requires ____ the reactions in the cells. [Answer]

Output: reversing


Input: [Question] ____ are machines that use energy to move electrons through conductors. [Answer]

Output: generators


Input: [Question] Generators are basically coils of wire rotated in a magnetic field by some form of ___ ____. [Answer]

Output: prime mover


Input: [Question] An example of a prime mover is a [Answer]

Output: turbine powered by steam


Input: [Question] The advantage of a generator is that the charges can be used ____. [Answer]

Output: again


Input: [Question] A ____ ___ uses light to give enough energy to an electron to allow it to jump from its atom to do work. [Answer]

Output: photovoltaic cell


Input: [Question] The measure of potential difference is called [Answer]

Output: voltage


Input: [Question] 1 ____ = 1 joule/ 1 coulomb [Answer]

Output: volt


Input: [Question] Batteries are rated by the __ __ between their positive and negative connections or poles. [Answer]

Output: potential differences


Input: [Question] The voltage determines the ____ the battery supplies. [Answer]

Output: energy


Input: [Question] 1C/1s [Answer]

Output: 1A


Input: [Question] A ____ can change the voltage within portions of a circuit. [Answer]

Output: resistor


Input: [Question] Because all electrical devices have some resistance, charges always __ __ as they pass through a circuit. [Answer]

Output: lose energy


Input: [Question] Direct current is ___ proportional to voltage. [Answer]

Output: directly


Input: [Question] Direct current is ___ proportional to resistance. [Answer]

Output: inversely


Input: [Question] Power measures how ___ work is done. [Answer]

Output: fast


Input: [Question] Who was Martin Luther? How did his Ninety-five Theses contribute to the Protestant Reformation? [Answer]

Output: He was a young professor of sacred scripture. He opened the eyes of the people when he wrote the Ninety- Five Theses, to the wrong doings of the Catholic Church.


Input: [Question] What were the major features of Luther’s religious ideas? How was Lutheranism different from Catholicism? [Answer]

Output: Luther believed in salvation by faith. Lutheranism did away with indulgences and many other Catholic practices and focused on Salvation by faith.


Input: [Question] How did Calvinism impact the Protestant Reformation? [Answer]

Output: Calvinism started a whole new Protestant denomination, which gave the people more of a choice who became Protestants.


Input: [Question] What factors contributed to the Catholic Reformation? [Answer]

Output: They wanted to distinguish Catholic doctrines from Protestant “errors,” the council called for bishops to reside in their dioceses, and dioceses to maintain a theological seminary to train priests.


Input: [Question] What was significant about the Council of Trent? [Answer]

Output: That is where the Catholic leaders met to start the reformation, and came up with the ideas for it.


Input: [Question] What was revolutionary about the heliocentric theory supported by Copernicus? [Answer]

Output: He was the first person to discover that is was in fact the sun, not earth, was the center of the universe.


Input: [Question] What technological advance made the work The Starry Messenger possible? How did this impact scientific knowledge of the universe? [Answer]

Output: The use of the telescope. I contradicted prior beliefs about the universe, but also gave them evidence to back up his theory


Input: [Question] What was the Long Parliament? How did it contribute to the English Civil War? [Answer]

Output: It was a Parliament that that met for an unusually long 13 years. They did not support the king and ended up executing him eventually


Input: [Question] How did Oliver Cromwell affect the outcome of the English Civil War? What role did he play after the war? [Answer]

Output: He was a brilliant General for the Parliamentarians who ended up ruling the country after the war.


Input: [Question] How did the Glorious Revolution reflect the major changes in England as a result of the Civil War? [Answer]

Output: It was bloodless, but it also showed that Parliament would put up with nothing


Input: [Question] What was some of the major effects of the expanded iron industry during the early 17th century? [Answer]

Output: The British were then able to produce more cannons, and it improved warfare for everyone


Input: [Question] What was the Catholic League? What role did it play in the French Wars of Religion? [Answer]

Output: It was the Catholics vs. the Protestants. They were a radical religious order who massacred countless Huguenots (Protestants) in the streets of Paris on Saint Bartholomew’s Day.


Input: [Question] How was the Edict of Nantes a product of the Wars of Religion? [Answer]

Output: It was Henry IV’s chance to unite the country that was divided by the Wars of Religion. Equal rights for all


Input: [Question] What was the Fronde? How did the Fronde impact Louis XIV later in how he limited the power of the French nobility? [Answer]

Output: The Fronde was a Civil War in France between the nobles and the parlements. He made it to where he could choose who could have power, and he could take it away whenever he wanted


Input: [Question] 17. What were some of the major exchanges of the Columbian Exchange? How did it impact the Old and New World? [Answer]

Output: Diseases such as; smallpox, dysentery, syphilis, animals such as; cattle, horses, parrots, llama’s, guinea pigs, and crops such as; wheat, sugar cane, coconut trees, bananas, coffee, potatoes, Maniac, Maize, and Cacao.


Input: [Question] How did encomienda system function? Who were the people who profited most from this system? [Answer]

Output: It was the process of using Native Americans as slaves to work silver mines. The nobilities or other leaders


Input: [Question] How did Bartolome de Las Casas help end the endcomienda syatem? [Answer]

Output: He became first bishop of Chiapas, and fought for Native freedom and signed the New Laws of 1542


Input: [Question] How was Spanish colonial government structured? [Answer]

Output: The Spanish Vice-Roys ruled the colonies and they had lower officials that were staggered in power


Input: [Question] How did the silver strikes at Potosi impact Spain and the colonies? [Answer]

Output: Potosí becomes a key settlement and the population booms, and gained a lot of land through this


Input: [Question] How did haciendas create colonial wealth? [Answer]

Output: They were able to keep money in the New World by being like the Spanish crown in the New World. They provided many services that otherwise would have been more difficult to find


Input: [Question] How did the Spanish regulate the colonial economy? [Answer]

Output: The colonies depended on mineral and agricultural exports


Input: [Question] What was the society of castas? How did it reflect new social hierarchies in the colonies? [Answer]

Output: It was the demarcation of who was who. It was able to differentiate and give classes to everyone


Input: [Question] What was the difference between peninsulares and creoles? What was the significance of the difference? [Answer]

Output: Peninsuarles where Europeans in the New World who were born in Spain or Portugal. Creoles were Europeans born in the New World. It established a set of who started out in Europe of the New World


Input: [Question] What was the major difference in how Europeans viewed slave raids and how Africans viewed the raids? [Answer]

Output: Africans viewed it as a private source of wealth and fought for land for slaves, while the Europeans just wanted the slaves


Input: [Question] What was the Middle Passage? How and why did it provide a common experience for all African slaves transported to the colonies? [Answer]

Output: It was the sea trip of the slaves from Africa to America. They all could bond over the suffering that occurred on the transportation


Input: [Question] Who were the coureurs de bois? What role did they have in French colonization? [Answer]

Output: They were fur traders. They established relations with the natives immediately to help them have easy access to everything


Input: [Question] How did the devshirme system operate? [Answer]

Output: They were Christian children who were taken at birth to become Janissary soldiers, and senior military commanders


Input: [Question] How did the Ottomans finally take Constantinople? [Answer]

Output: They hit the walls with cannon fire, drug warships over a hill and dropped them in the harbor to get around its sea defenses, and used it’s infantry


Input: [Question] What were some of the major features of Ottoman civilization under the reign of Suleiman? [Answer]

Output: They had a many great architectural qualities


Input: [Question] Who was the “Hidden Imam?” How was Shi’ism divided by differing views of the “Hidden Imam? [Answer]

Output: He was the twelfth descendant of Ali. Some thought that they should wait for his return, while others wanted to use power in his name.


Input: [Question] 36. How did the marriage of Akbar symbolize a desire for reconciliation between Muslims and Hindus? [Answer]

Output: His child would have both Indian and Muslim ties, and he did not want them to be enemy’s


Input: [Question] How did the Omani expansion into Africa impact language and cultural development? [Answer]

Output: They began to mix different languages which eventually led to the rise and spread of the Swahili language, and they also began to intermarry with other races, which gave rise to a mixed population. There was also a spread of Islam through this expansion.


Input: [Question] What was Ming Despotism? [Answer]

Output: It did away with the traditional Checks and Balances, and established a rule that was only run by the emperor with no administrators or advisors


Input: [Question] What role did the cult of widowhood have on Ming Society? How was widow chastity promoted? [Answer]

Output: If a woman’s husband died before she was 30, and if she stayed alone for 20 years she would be regarded highly in the society


Input: [Question] How did Wang Yangming impact philosophy during the Ming Dynasty? [Answer]

Output: He thought that people were good and everyone had good in them


Input: [Question] What was the Dynastic Cycle? [Answer]

Output: Dynasty’s started out good and ended up being bad and lazy.


Input: [Question] What were some of the internal and external factors that divided the Ming Dynasty government in the early 17th century? [Answer]

Output: External threats were; raiders raided many northern villages, Manchu peoples hekp rebels militarily, subdue country and state, internal threats were; many rebellions occurred


Input: [Question] How and why did Matteo Ricci gain a position of influence in the Chinese administration? [Answer]

Output: He was able to teach the Chinese many new ideas from Europe, and he also spread Catholicism


Input: [Question] How did the Qing struggle to overcome their status as ethnic minorities? What changes did they make in creating a new Chinese culture? [Answer]

Output: They took away the racial component of being Chinese and made everyone Chinese through culture


Input: [Question] How did the village lecture system incorporate rural people into a more general political culture? [Answer]

Output: It got everyone on the same page, metaphorically speaking, to where everyone was linked through Confucianism


Input: [Question] How did the Canton Trading System reflect the tributary system? [Answer]

Output: China would only accept Silver from other nations for trade, and it made everyone respect each other


Input: [Question] 47. What was the Rites Controversy? What impact did it have on missionary influence in China? [Answer]

Output: The fact that the Jesuits were letting the Chinese still use ancestor worship after becoming Jesuits. It took away most of the missionary influence


Input: [Question] What did the Joei Code establish? Who did it impact the most? [Answer]

Output: It established how the samurai were regulated. It defined the feudal system


Input: [Question] What was the significance of the Onin War? [Answer]

Output: It had to do with the trouble of succession, territorial problems, and officials had gained too much power


Input: [Question] What are some of the major features of the tea ceremony? How was the tea ceremony an important cultural practice? [Answer]

Output: Tatami; straw mats that are on the floor when they drink the coffee. Shoji; are restricts, Hideyoshi; was the unifier of Japan. Sen io Rikyu was the tea ceremony leader


Input: [Question] What was the impact of the Great Sword Hunt? [Answer]

Output: It made it to where only Samurai could own swords


Input: [Question] How was Japan unified? Who were the major people involved? [Answer]

Output: Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu unified Japan. They divided power by creating many states. Toyotomi Hideyoshi issued the great Sword Hunt


Input: [Question] How did the Japanese alter Chinese Confucian ideas to better fit their social classes? [Answer]

Output: They combined Shinto and Buddhism, and used Confucianism. They had Samurai, Peasants, Artisans, and Merchants


Input: [Question] How did Japanese cities develop? How did the three major cities of Tokugawa Japan reflect the process of urban development? [Answer]

Output: They developed around Castles, temples, and trade centers. Osaka was Japan’s commercial trade center, Kyoto was where the capital was, and Edo was where the Shogunate’s power was based


Input: [Question] How did kabuki theatre change during the Tokugawa period? [Answer]

Output: They turned it into a drag show because too many fights were breaking out over the women


Input: [Question] What was bunraku theatre? How was it different from kabuki? [Answer]

Output: It was a puppet theater


Input: [Question] How did Ukiyo-e prints represent the new urban culture of the Tokugawa period? [Answer]

Output: It was a different form of art that showed the simplicity of the Japanese


Input: [Word] Abuse [Definition]

Output: The excessive or improper use of a substance, person, or animal


Input: [Word] Addictive [Definition]

Output: Pertaining to habit-forming: a substance that may cause physical and/or psychological dependancy


Input: [Word] Administer [Definition]

Output: To give


Input: [Word] Controlled Substance [Definition]

Output: A drug that has the potential for addiction and abuse. Example Opium, Cocaine and their derivatives, narcotics, stimulants, and depressants.


Input: [Word] Dispense [Definition]

Output: To prepare and give out


Input: [Word] Narcotic [Definition]

Output: To produce sleep or stupor. A narcotic drug is one that depresses the central nervous system and, in moderate dosages, relieves pain and produces sleep. Most narcotics are habit forming.


Input: [Word] Practitioner [Definition]

Output: One who has met the professional and legal requirements of a certain occupation or profession


Input: [Word] Prescribe [Definition]

Output: To order or recommend the use of a drug, diet, or other form of therapy


Input: [Word] Initial dose [Definition]

Output: Is the first dose


Input: [Word] Average dose [Definition]

Output: Is the amount of medication proven most effective with minimum toxic effect


Input: [Word] Maintenance Dose [Definition]

Output: is the amount that will keep concentration of the drug at a therapeutic level in the patient's bloodstream


Input: [Word] Therapeutic Dose [Definition]

Output: Is the amount of a medication that can be given safely to a patient


Input: [Word] Unit dose [Definition]

Output: Is a premeasured amount of the medication, individually packaged on a per-dose basis


Input: [Word] Cumulative dose [Definition]

Output: is the summation of a drug present in the body after repeated medication


Input: [Word] Lethal Dose [Definition]

Output: Is the amount of medication that could kill a patient


Input: [Word] Toxic Dose [Definition]

Output: Is the amount of a drug that causes signs and symptoms of drug toxicity


Input: [Word] Minimum dose [Definition]

Output: Is the smallest dose that will be effective


Input: [Definition] n. courteous regard for another's wish [Sentence] In deference to the minister's request, please do not take photgraphs during the wedding service. [Word]

Output: deference


Input: [Definition] n. humiliation; debasement; degeneration [Sentence] Some secretaries object to fetching the boss a cup of coffee because they resent the degradation of being made to do such lowly tasks. [Word]

Output: degradation


Input: [Definition] v. remove water from; dry out [Sentence] Running under a hot sun quickly dehydrates the body; joggers soon learn to carry water bottles and to drink from them frequently. [Word]

Output: dehydrate


Input: [Definition] adj. harmful [Sentence] If you believe that smoking is deleterious to your health (and the Surgeon General certainly does), then quit! [Word]

Output: deleterious


Input: [Definition] v. portray; depict; sketch [Sentence] Using only a few descriptive phrases, Austen delineates the character of Mr. Collins so well that we can predict his every move. [Word]

Output: delineate


Input: [Definition] v. condemn; criticize [Sentence] The reform candidate denounced the corrupt city officers for having betrayed the public's trust. [Word]

Output: denounce


Input: [Definition] v. regret; disapprove of [Sentence] Although I deplore the vulgarity of your language, I defend your right to express yourself freely. [Word]

Output: deplore


Input: [Definition] v. dethrone; remove from office [Sentence] The army attempted to depose the king and set up a military government. [Word]

Output: depose


Input: [Definition] n. extreme corruption; wickedness [Sentence] The depravity of Caligula's behaviour came to sicken even those who had willingly participated in his earlier, comparatively innocent orgies. [Word]

Output: depravity


Input: [Definition] v. express disapproval of; protest against; belittle [Sentence] A firm believer in old-fashioned courtesy, Miss Post deprecated the modern tendency to address new acquaintances by their first names. [Word]

Output: deprecate


Input: [Definition] v. ridicule; make fun of [Sentence] The critics derided his pretentious dialogue and refused to consider his play seriously. [Word]

Output: deride


Input: [Definition] adj. unoriginal; derived from another source [Sentence] Although her early poetry was clearly derivative in nature, the critics thought she had promise and eventually would find her own voice. [Word]

Output: derivative


Input: [Definition] v. dry up [Sentence] A tour of this smokehouse will give you an idea of how the pioneers used to desiccate food in order to preserve it. [Word]

Output: desiccate


Input: [Definition] adj. depressed; gloomy [Sentence] To thje dismay of his parents, William became seriously despondent after he broke up with Jan; they despaired of finding a cure for his gloom. [Word]

Output: despondent


Input: [Definition] adj. emotionally removed; calm and objective; physically unconnected. [Sentence] A psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of view and stay uninvolved with his or her patients' personal lives. To a child growing up in an apartment or row house, to live in a detached house was an unattainable dream. [Word]

Output: detached.


Input: [Definition] n. something that discourages; hindrance [Sentence] Does the threat of capital punishment serve as a deterrent to potential killers? [Word]

Output: deterrent


Input: [Definition] adj. harmful; damaging [Sentence] The candidate's acceptance of major financial contributions from a well-known racist ultimately proved detrimental to his campaign, for he lost the backing of many of his early grassroots supporters. [Word]

Output: detrimental


Input: [Definition] adj. roundabout; erratic; not straightforward (usually in a sneaky or dastardly way) [Sentence] The Joker's plan was so devious that it was only with great difficult we could follow its shifts and dodges. [Word]

Output: devious


Input: [Definition] v. think up; invent; plan [Sentence] How clever he must be to have devised such a devious plan! What ingenious inventions might he have devised if he had turned his mind to science and not to crime. [Word]

Output: devise


Input: [Definition] n. shyness [Sentence] You must overcome your diffidence if you intend to become a salesperson. [Word]

Output: diffidence


Input: [Definition] adj. wordy; rambling; spread out (like a gas) [Sentence] If you pay authors by the word, you tempt them to produce diffuse manuscripts ranther than brief ones. [Word]

Output: diffuse


Input: [Definition] n. wandering away from the subject [Sentence] Nobody minded when Professor Renoir's lectures wandered away from their official theme; his digressions were almost always more fascinating than the topic of the day. [Word]

Output: digression


Input: [Definition] adj. delaying [Sentence] If you are dilatory in paying bills, your credit rating may suffer. [Word]

Output: dilatory


Input: [Definition] n. steadiness of effort; persistent hard work [Sentence] Her employers were greatly impressed by her diligence and offered her a partnership in the firm. [Word]

Output: diligence


Input: [Definition] n. propriety; orderliness and good taste in manners [Sentence] Even the best-mannered students have trouble behaving with decorum on the last day of school. [Word]

Output: decorum


Input: [definition] the distance that can be measuredwith a standard unit of length [Term]

Output: Absolute distance


Input: [definition] the exact position of an object or place, measured within the coordinates of a grid system [Term]

Output: absolute location


Input: [definition] The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place [Term]

Output: Accessibility


Input: [definition] a map projection in which the plane is the most developable surface [Term]

Output: Azimuthal projection


Input: [definition] the outer edge of a city`s sphere of influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city`s hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supply [Term]

Output: Breaking point


Input: [definition] A type of thematic map that transforms space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area [Term]

Output: Cartograms


Input: [definition] A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial dataas average values per unit area [Term]

Output: chloropleth map


Input: [definition] An image of a portion of the earths surface that an individual creates in his or her mind [Term]

Output: cognitive map


Input: [definition] the actual or potential relationship between two places usualy refering to economic interactions [Term]

Output: complementarity


Input: [definition] the degree of economic, social cultural, or political connection between two places [Term]

Output: connectivity


Input: [definition] the spread of a disease, innovation, or cultural trait through direct contact with another person or place [Term]

Output: contagious diffusion


Input: [definition] A standard grid, composed of lines of lattitude and longitude, used to determine the absolute location of any object on es surface [Term]

Output: coordinate system


Input: [definition] the decrease in interaction between two phenomena, places, or people as the distance between them increases [Term]

Output: distance decay effect


Input: [definition] Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations and occurences [Term]

Output: Dot maps


Input: [definition] the spread of phenomena to surrounding areas through contact and exchange [Term]

Output: Expansion diffusion


Input: [definition] A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places [Term]

Output: Friction of distance


Input: [definition] a type of map projection that maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearanges direction such that the four cardinal directions have no meaning [Term]

Output: fuller projection


Input: [definition] the actual shape of the earth wich is rough and oblate [Term]

Output: geoid


Input: [definition] a mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places based on the size of their populations and their distance apart [Term]

Output: gravity model


Input: [definition] anything in the landscape real or perceived that is potential threatening [Term]

Output: hazards


Input: [definition] a type of diffusion in which something is transmitted between places because of something the places have in common [Term]

Output: hierarchical diffusion


Input: [definition] the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian [Term]

Output: international date line


Input: [definition] the idea that one place has a demand for some good or service and 2 places have a supply of equal price and quality then the closer of the two suppliers to the buyer will represent an intervening oppurtunity [Term]

Output: interveneing oppurtunnities


Input: [definition] map line that connects points of equal or very similar values [Term]

Output: isoline


Input: [definition] a relatively small ration between map units and ground units.Large scale maps usually have a higher resolution and cover much smaller regions than large scale maps [Term]

Output: Large scale


Input: [definition] The angular distance north or south of the equater, defined by lines of lattitude or parallels [Term]

Output: Lattitude


Input: [definition] Law that states that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct their business because larger cities have a wider influence on the hinterlands around them [Term]

Output: Law of retail gravitation


Input: [definition] on a map a chart or graph that gives specific statistical information of a particular political unit or jurisdiction [Term]

Output: Location charts


Input: [definition] the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian, defined by lines of longitude or meridians [Term]

Output: Longitude


Input: [definition] A mathematical method that involves transfering the earths sphere onto a flat surface. All map projections have distortions [Term]

Output: Map projection


Input: [definition] a True conformal cylindrical map projection , this projection is particularly useful for navigation because it mantains accurate direction, famouis for its severe size distortion near the poles [Term]

Output: Mercator projection


Input: [definition] A line of longitude that runs north-south .All lines of longitude are equal in length and intersect at the poles [Term]

Output: meridian


Input: [definition] An east-west line of lattitude that runs parallel to th equater and that marks distance north or south of the equater [Term]

Output: parallel


Input: [definition] a map that displays individual preferences for certain places [Term]

Output: preference map


Input: [definition] an imaginary line passing through the royal observatory in Greenwich, England, which marks the 0 degree lne of longitude [Term]

Output: prime meridian


Input: [definition] A thematic map in which the size of a chosen symbol indicates the relative magnitude of some statistical value for a given geographic region [Term]

Output: proportional symbols map


Input: [definition] a map type that shows reference info for a particular place, whcihc makes it useful for finding landmarks and navigating [Term]

Output: Reference map


Input: [definition] a measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance seperating two places. Often describes the amount of connectivity between the two places [Term]

Output: relative distance


Input: [definition] the position of a place relative to places around it [Term]

Output: Relative location


Input: [definition] the diffusion of phenomena through migration from one place to another [Term]

Output: relocation diffusion


Input: [definition] A maps smallest discernable unit [Term]

Output: Resolution


Input: [definition] projection that attempts to balance several possible projection errors.it does not completely accurately mantain area shape distance or direction but it minimizes errors in each [Term]

Output: robinson projection


Input: [definition] the ratio between the size of an area on a map and the actual size of that same area on the earths surface [Term]

Output: scale


Input: [definition] the absolute location of a place, described by local releif, landforms and other cultural physical characteristics [Term]

Output: site


Input: [definition] the relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area and the connections and interdependencies within that system;a places spatial context [Term]

Output: situation


Input: [definition] map scale ratio in which the ratio of units on the map to units on the earth is quite small. usually depist large areas [Term]

Output: small-scale


Input: [definition] spatial diffusion refers to the ways in which phenomena such as technological innovations, cultural trends, or even outbreaks of disease travel over space [Term]

Output: spatial diffusion


Input: [definition] a type of map that displays one or more variables such as population or income level within a specific area [Term]

Output: thematic map


Input: [definition] the idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology allows more rapid cummunication and increased cummunication in those places [Term]

Output: time-space convergence


Input: [definition] maps that use isolines to represent constant elevations. [Term]

Output: Topographic maps


Input: [definition] the amount of connectivity between places regardless of the absolute distance seperating them [Term]

Output: Topological space


Input: [definition] the costs involved in moving goods from one place to another [Term]

Output: transferability


Input: [definition] use of sophisticated software to create dynamic computer maps, some of which are three dimensional or interactive [Term]

Output: visualization


Input: [Meaning] A long-term debt instrument [Term]

Output: Bonds


Input: [Meaning] Interest-earning time deposit at bank or other financial intermediary [Term]

Output: Certificate of deposit


Input: [Meaning] Pools of funds managed by investment co. that are primarily invested in short term assets [Term]

Output: Money market mutual fund


Input: [Meaning] The normal or face value of a stock or bond [Term]

Output: Par Value


Input: [Meaning] Overnight loans from one bank to another [Term]

Output: Federal funds


Input: [Meaning] Discounted debt instruments issued by the govt. [Term]

Output: T-Bills


Input: [Meaning] Securities selling for less than par value. [Term]

Output: Discounted securities


Input: [Meaning] The sum of the firms common stock paid in capital and retained earnings. [Term]

Output: Common equity


Input: [Meaning] CD that can be traded to other investors prior to maturity [Term]

Output: Negotiable CD


Input: [Meaning] The sum of the firms common stock paid in capital and retained earnings which equals the common stockholders total investment in the firm stated at book value. [Term]

Output: Common equity


Input: [Meaning] The difference between the value of newly issued stock and its par value. [Term]

Output: Additional paid in capital


Input: [Meaning] An option to buy shares of stock at a certain price within a specified period of time. [Term]

Output: Call option


Input: [Meaning] a provision in a bond contract that gives the issuer the right to redeem the bonds under specified terms prior to the normal maturity date. [Term]

Output: Call provision


Input: [Meaning] a discounted instrument that is a type of promisory note, or legal IOU, issued by large, financially sound firm. [Term]

Output: Commercial paper


Input: [Meaning] A security, usually a bond or preferred stock, that is exchangable at the option of the holder for the common stock of the issuing firm. [Term]

Output: Convertible security


Input: [Meaning] A long term bond that is not secured by a mortgage on specific property [Term]

Output: Debenture


Input: [Meaning] An asset that reprresents a promise to distribute cash flows at some time in the future. [Term]

Output: Financial asset


Input: [Meaning] A bond whose interest rate fluctuates with shifts in the general level of interest rates. [Term]

Output: Floating rate bond


Input: [Meaning] Stocks that generally pay little or no dividends so as to retain earnings to help fund growth opportunities. [Term]

Output: Growth stocks


Input: [Meaning] A formal agreement or contract between the issuer of a bond and the bond holders. [Term]

Output: Indenture


Input: [Meaning] A bond rated A or tripple-B; many banks and other institutional investors are permitted by law to hold only bonds rated investment grade or better. [Term]

Output: Investment grade bond


Input: [Meaning] A high-risk, high-yield bond used for finance mergers, leveraged buyouts, and troubled companies. [Term]

Output: Junk bond


Input: [Meaning] A bond backed by fixed assets. First mortgage bonds are senior in priority to claims of second mortgage bonds. [Term]

Output: Mortgage bond


Input: [Meaning] A bond issued by state or local governments. [Term]

Output: Municipal bonds


Input: [Meaning] A document giving the authority for one person to act for another, typically the power to vote shares of common stock. [Term]

Output: Proxy


Input: [Meaning] A option to sell shares of stock at specified price during a particular time period. [Term]

Output: Put option


Input: [Meaning] A physically obsevable or touchable item [Term]

Output: Real asset


Input: [Meaning] A provision in a debt contract that constrains the actions of the borrower. [Term]

Output: Restrictive covenant


Input: [Meaning] A required annual payment designed to amoritize a bond or preferred stock issue. [Term]

Output: Sinking fund


Input: [Meaning] The price that must be paid(buying or selling) for a sharer of common stock when an potion is exercised. [Term]

Output: Striking (exercise) price


Input: [Meaning] A bond that has a claim on assets only after the senior debt has been paid off in the event of liquidation. [Term]

Output: Subordinated debenture


Input: [Meaning] A loan generally obtained from a bank or insurance company, on which the borrower agrees to make a series of payments consisting of interest and principal. [Term]

Output: Term loan


Input: [Question] active process,all attention is on the speaker [Answer]

Output: listening


Input: [Question] able to defend one's beliefs,rights,and ideas [Answer]

Output: assertive


Input: [Question] understanding of a person's situation,frame of mind [Answer]

Output: empathy


Input: [Question] basic values and moral principles [Answer]

Output: ethics


Input: [Question] working with parties to find resolution to a conflict [Answer]

Output: courtesy


Input: [Question] effort mad by a group working toward the common good [Answer]

Output: interpersonal skills


Input: [Question] decision reached by a group after discussion [Answer]

Output: teamwork


Input: [Question] desire and ability to start a task or project [Answer]

Output: initiative


Input: [Question] regular exercise,balanced diet,enough sleep [Answer]

Output: stress relief


Input: [Question] a person's idea of his or her own worth [Answer]

Output: self-esteem


Input: [Question] a(n)_____ is a specific commitment that a team member makes with the entire team. Similar to a contract,it is a promise to complete a task within a certain time. [Answer]

Output: Agreement


Input: [Question] Being accountable for one's actions, working without much supervision,and always doing one's job are examples of the personal trait called________. [Answer]

Output: responsibility


Input: [Question] Mark and Brian are data processors.Both men are reliable about their work. Brian however,easly accepts new assignments and Mark sees such changes as crises. Brian is the more valuable emplyee because he is more______ then Mark. [Answer]

Output: flexible


Input: [Question] When you listen to a customer's complaint,you hould be empathetic,but your actions in response to the complaint must depend on your company's________. [Answer]

Output: polocy procedure


Input: [Question] sabrina is friendly to the bank's clients, listens carefully to the reasons for each client's loan request. These illustrations indicate that sabrina is highly skilled at fostering clients'________ [Answer]

Output: self-esteem


Input: [Question] In companies that are organized into teams of employees the team member are often "cross trained" to be able to preform a variety of tasks. not only does cross training give each member several skills,but it also gives the team___ can adapt new challenges [Answer]

Output: flexibility


Input: [Question] All of the interpersonal skills that are essential to a marketing career deal with the relationship between marketing employees and their_____ [Answer]

Output: customers client


Input: [Question] Time ___________is an essential personal skill that involes learning to budget the hours in your day in order to mett your responsibilities [Answer]

Output: management


Input: [Question] Mary Ellen works for a film production company. she is well-known for her excellent ideas and for her ability to defend her ideas confidently and authoritatively. Mary Ellen's readiness to stand up for herself can be described as____________behavior. [Answer]

Output: assertive


Input: [Question] Employment laws forbid discrimination due to gender,age,religion or national orgin. This expectation falls under what heading. [Answer]

Output: equity


Input: [Question] When team memebers meet together to give feedback on individual performance,what are they participating in. [Answer]

Output: leadership


Input: [Question] As an employee,knowing all parts of the job is considered. [Answer]

Output: cross training


Input: [Question] Jorge's colleagues value his ability to come up with new ways of doing things and to find solutions to seemingly impossible problems. What personality is that..?? [Answer]

Output: creativity


Input: [Question] What interpersonal sill is specifically needed for sucess in dealing with customers.? [Answer]

Output: maintain self-control


Input: [Question] The number one rule when speaking to clients or customers is to show respect. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Companies can help prevent conflict by creating a healthy atmosphere in which everyone is accepted despite differences in beliefs, values and backgrounds. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] According to the textbook, most of your success in the marketing world will be determined by your goal-setting ability. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Before a team can begin to act together, its members must first assign roles for each member. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Telling the truth, maintaining confidentiality, and not spreading rumors are parts of honest behavior. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [questions] plannning,recording,analyzing, & interpreting financial information [answers]

Output: accounting


Input: [questions] planned process for providing financial information that will be useful to management [answers]

Output: accounting system


Input: [questions] organized summaries of a business's financial activities [answers]

Output: accounting records


Input: [questions] a business that performs an activity for a fee [answers]

Output: service business


Input: [questions] a business owned by one person [answers]

Output: proprietorship


Input: [questions] anything of value that is owned [answers]

Output: asset


Input: [questions] financial rights to the assets of a business [answers]

Output: equities


Input: [questions] an amount owed by a business [answers]

Output: liability


Input: [questions] amount remaining after the value of all liabilities is subtracted from the value of all assets [answers]

Output: owner's equity


Input: [questions] equation showing the relationship among assets; liabilities; & owner's equity [answers]

Output: accounting equation


Input: [questions] a business activity that changes assets, liabilities; & owner's equity [answers]

Output: transaction


Input: [questions] a record summarizing all the information pertaining to a single item in the accounting equation [answers]

Output: balance sheet


Input: [questions] the name given to an account [answers]

Output: account title


Input: [questions] the amount in an account [answers]

Output: account balance


Input: [questions] the account used to summarize the owner's equity in a business [answers]

Output: capital


Input: [questions] a financial statement that reports assets; liabilities; and owner's equity on a specific date [answers]

Output: account


Input: [questions] accounting is a _______ of business [answers]

Output: language


Input: [questions] you should keep personal & business records _______ [answers]

Output: separate


Input: [questions] the relationship among assets; liabilities; & owner's equity can be written as _______ [answers]

Output: an equation


Input: [questions] the accounting equation ALWAYS has to be _________ [answers]

Output: in balance


Input: [questions] owners equity account [answers]

Output: capital account


Input: [questions] when an item is bought and paid for at a later date [answers]

Output: buying on account


Input: [questions] when cash is paid on account; what is increased? [answers]

Output: liability


Input: [questions] on a balance sheet a single line means______ [answers]

Output: amounts are added or subtracted


Input: [DEFINITION] Our awareness of ourselves and our enviroment. [TERM]

Output: Consciousness


Input: [DEFINITION] Periodic physiological fluctuations. [TERM]

Output: Biological Rhythms


Input: [DEFINITION] The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle. [TERM]

Output: Circadian


Input: [DEFINITION] Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. [TERM]

Output: REM sleep


Input: [DEFINITION] The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. [TERM]

Output: Alpha waves


Input: [DEFINITION] Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. [TERM]

Output: Sleep


Input: [DEFINITION] False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. [TERM]

Output: Hallucinations


Input: [DEFINITION] The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. [TERM]

Output: Delta waves


Input: [DEFINITION] Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. [TERM]

Output: Insomnia


Input: [DEFINITION] A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. [TERM]

Output: Narcolepsy


Input: [DEFINITION] A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings. [TERM]

Output: Sleep apnea


Input: [DEFINITION] A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. [TERM]

Output: Night terrors


Input: [DEFINITION] A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discountinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later [TERM]

Output: Dream


Input: [DEFINITION] difficulties remembering it. [TERM]

Output: Dream (continued)


Input: [DEFINITION] According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content). [TERM]

Output: Manifest content


Input: [DEFINITION] According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that dream's latent content functions as a safety valve. [TERM]

Output: Latent content


Input: [DEFINITION] The tendency for REM sleep to increase REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep). [TERM]

Output: REM rebound


Input: [DEFINITION] A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behavior will spontaneously occur. [TERM]

Output: Hypnosis


Input: [DEFINITION] Supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion. [TERM]

Output: Posthypnotic amnesia


Input: [DEFINITION] A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by clinicians to help control undesired symptomsand behaviors. [TERM]

Output: Posthypnotic suggestion


Input: [DEFINITION] A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. [TERM]

Output: Dissociation


Input: [DEFINITION] Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis. [TERM]

Output: Hidden observer


Input: [DEFINITION] A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood. [TERM]

Output: Psychoactive drug


Input: [DEFINITION] The diminishing effect with regulare use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. [TERM]

Output: Tolerance


Input: [DEFINITION] The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. [TERM]

Output: Withdrawal


Input: [DEFINITION] a Physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. [TERM]

Output: Physical dependence


Input: [DEFINITION] A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions. [TERM]

Output: Psychological dependence


Input: [DEFINITION] Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. [TERM]

Output: Depressants


Input: [DEFINITION] Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. [TERM]

Output: Stimulants


Input: [DEFINITION] Psychedelic ("mind manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. [TERM]

Output: Hallucinogens


Input: [DEFINITION] Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. [TERM]

Output: Barbiturates


Input: [DEFINITION] Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. [TERM]

Output: Opiates


Input: [DEFINITION] Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. [TERM]

Output: Amphetamines


Input: [DEFINITION] A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. [TERM]

Output: Ectasy (MDMA)


Input: [DEFINITION] A powerful hallucinogens drug: also known as acid (Lysergic acid diethylamide) [TERM]

Output: LSD


Input: [DEFINITION] The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. [TERM]

Output: THC


Input: [DEFINITION] An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. [TERM]

Output: Near-death experience


Input: [DEFINITION] The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact. [TERM]

Output: Dualism


Input: [DEFINITION] The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. [TERM]

Output: Monism


Input: [Definition] The name of a food [Term]

Output: Statement of Identity


Input: [Definition] The actual weight or volume of the food, excluding the weight of the container [Term]

Output: Net Weight


Input: [Definition] The company that makes the food product [Term]

Output: Manufacturer


Input: [Definition] The company that puts the food product into the packages for retail selling [Term]

Output: Packer


Input: [Definition] The company that transfers the food product from the manufacturer to the seller [Term]

Output: Distributor


Input: [Definition] The well Known nationally advertised trade name of product [Term]

Output: national brand


Input: [Definition] A store name used as the trade name of a product; only sold in one chain of stores [Term]

Output: Store Brand


Input: [Definition] A product that does not have a brand Name [Term]

Output: Generic brand


Input: [Definition] A label attached to the front edge of of a store shelf containing price information [Term]

Output: Shelf Tag


Input: [Definition] Universal Product Code; labeling containing price info read by scanning [Term]

Output: UPC


Input: [Definition] The cost per unit of measure of a product [Term]

Output: Unit price


Input: [Definition] Labeling to show dates foods should be used for best quality [Term]

Output: open Date


Input: [Definition] Last date a food product should be used [Term]

Output: Sell by


Input: [Definition] Last date you can expect highest quality of a food product [Term]

Output: Freshness Date


Input: [Definition] Last date a product should be used [Term]

Output: expiration date


Input: [Definition] Date a product was processed or packaged [Term]

Output: Pack Date


Input: [Definition] The name of a thread used to make fabric for apparel or other textile product [Term]

Output: Fiber name


Input: [Definition] The percentage of total fiber in a textile product represented by one single fiber [Term]

Output: Content by weight


Input: [Definition] The nation in which the apparel product was made [Term]

Output: Country of origin


Input: [Definition] Recommended ways to launder, dry,iron, dry clean [Term]

Output: Care information


Input: [Definition] A fabric that has been permanently attached to a product [Term]

Output: Sewn-in Label


Input: [Definition] A paper tag that has been temporarily attached to products [Term]

Output: Hang tag


Input: [Definition] A treatment that alters the performance of the fabric [Term]

Output: Finish


Input: [Definition] a finish that makes fabrics less likely to absorb and retain stains [Term]

Output: stain-resistant


Input: [Definition] A finish that makes fabrics less likely to wrinkle and retain wrinkles [Term]

Output: permanent press


Input: [Definition] A finish that slows the spread the flames by burning slowly [Term]

Output: fire-retardent


Input: [Definition] a product that claims to affect the structure of the function of the body [Term]

Output: personal hygiene drug


Input: [Definition] a product that does not claim to affect the structure of functions of the body [Term]

Output: personal Hygiene cosmetics


Input: [Definition] elements in a products that make the product effective [Term]

Output: Active ingredients


Input: [Definition] Additional ingredients other than those that make the product effective [Term]

Output: other ingredients


Input: [Definition] packaged to make it clear whether the product has been opened since packaged [Term]

Output: tamper resistant


Input: [Definition] Authority, a right to [Term]

Output: Jurisdiction


Input: [Definition] demonstrated or proven effectiveness [Term]

Output: Reliability


Input: [Definition] Tried by a doctor specialized in skin health [Term]

Output: dermatologist tested


Input: [Definition] less likely to cause an allergic [Term]

Output: Hypoallergenic


Input: [Definition] contains none or small amounts of fragrance ingredients [Term]

Output: fragrance free


Input: [Definition] Comes from a plant or animal source [Term]

Output: Natural


Input: [Definition] will not clog the pores [Term]

Output: Noncomedogenic


Input: [Definition] vitamins have been added to the product [Term]

Output: vitamin enriche


Input: [Definition] medicine available only by written order from a doctor [Term]

Output: prescription drug


Input: [Definition] medicine available without a written order from a doctor [Term]

Output: over the counter drug


Input: [Definition] A person licensed to sell prescription drugs with written order from a doctor [Term]

Output: Pharmacist


Input: [Definition] Date after which a medicinal drug is no longer safe and effective to use [Term]

Output: expiration date


Input: [Definition] A prescription that allows a consumer to purchase refills [Term]

Output: renewable


Input: [Definition] Amount and frequency of a medicinal drug that may be taken safely [Term]

Output: Dosage


Input: [Definition] Other physical conditions usually unwanted that results from taking a medicinal drug [Term]

Output: Side effect


Input: [Definition] Side effects hat result from having two or more medicinal drugs in the body at one time [Term]

Output: Interaction with other medicines


Input: [Definition] Likely lead to addiction [Term]

Output: Habit forming


Input: [Term] Amount invested by the owner [Definition]

Output: CAPITAL


Input: [Term] Monthly payment to employees [Definition]

Output: SALARY


Input: [Term] Resources owned by the business [Definition]

Output: ASSETS


Input: [Term] Claims owes by the business [Definition]

Output: LIABILITIES


Input: [Term] Money taken by the owner form the business for personal use [Definition]

Output: DRAWINGS


Input: [Term] Items purchased for re-sale purpose [Definition]

Output: GOODS


Input: [Term] Long-Term Properties [Definition]

Output: FIXEDASSETS


Input: [Term] Short-Term Properties [Definition]

Output: CURRENTASSETS


Input: [Term] Closing Capital Less Opening Capital [Definition]

Output: NETPROFIT


Input: [Term] Money over withdrawn from the bank [Definition]

Output: BANKOVERDRAFT


Input: [Question] tas [Answer]

Output: bag


Input: [Question] rugzak [Answer]

Output: backpack


Input: [Question] aktetas [Answer]

Output: briefcase


Input: [Question] koffer [Answer]

Output: suitcase


Input: [Question] handtas [Answer]

Output: purse


Input: [Question] portemonnee [Answer]

Output: wallet


Input: [Question] kleingeld [Answer]

Output: change


Input: [Question] zakdoek [Answer]

Output: handkerchief


Input: [Question] papieren zakdoekje [Answer]

Output: tissue paper


Input: [Question] sleutel [Answer]

Output: key


Input: [Question] sleutelring [Answer]

Output: keyring


Input: [Question] fietssleutel [Answer]

Output: bicycle key


Input: [Question] autosleutels [Answer]

Output: car key


Input: [Question] aansteker [Answer]

Output: lighter


Input: [Question] lucifers [Answer]

Output: matches


Input: [Question] sigaretten [Answer]

Output: cigarettes


Input: [Question] wandelstok [Answer]

Output: walking stick


Input: [Question] paraplu [Answer]

Output: umbrella


Input: [Question] paspoort [Answer]

Output: passport


Input: [Question] mobiele telefoon [Answer]

Output: mobile phone /cell phone


Input: [Question] deodorant [Answer]

Output: deodorant


Input: [Term] ATM [Definition]

Output: automated-teller machine


Input: [Term] Account Balance [Definition]

Output: The amount of money in a financial repository, such as a checking account, at any given moment


Input: [Term] 3. Budget [Definition]

Output: An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.


Input: [Term] 4. Checking Account [Definition]

Output: An account at a bank against which checks can be drawn by the account depositor. An account at a bank against which checks can be drawn by the account depositor.


Input: [Term] 5. Cleared Check [Definition]

Output: check was cashed or deposited


Input: [Term] 6. Credit Union [Definition]

Output: A nonprofit financial cooperative offering deposit accounts, low-interest loans


Input: [Term] 7. Debit Card [Definition]

Output: A card issued by a bank allowing the holder to transfer money electronically to another bank account when making a purchase.


Input: [Term] 8. Deposit [Definition]

Output: A sum of money placed or kept in a bank account, usually to gain interest


Input: [Term] 9. Direct Deposit [Definition]

Output: The electronic transfer of a payment directly from the account of the payer to the recipient's account.


Input: [Term] 10. Endorse [Definition]

Output: To sign a legal document, such as a check


Input: [Term] 11. Expense [Definition]

Output: The cost required for something; the money spent on something.


Input: [Question] Pship inception fees [Answer]

Output: deductible up to 5k with the rest amortized over 180 mos, if total over 50k the deduction reduced dollar for dollar above the 50 k limit


Input: [Question] Pship fees to prepre representation in offering materials [Answer]

Output: considered SYNDICATION fees and can not be amortized or depreciated (only capitalized)


Input: [Question] Pship interest received as compensation [Answer]

Output: taxable to partner as ordinary in proportion to the FMV of the pship value


Input: [Question] Pship inception contribution has no gain or loss except 3 situations [Answer]

Output: performed svsc, property had mrtg in excess of basis, had 1245 or 1250 recapture


Input: [Question] Pship income & loss calc [Answer]

Output: items with special tax characteristics separated ( items with partial/full exclusion, dollar/percentage limitation, etc) all remaining, that are ORDINARY in nature netted for pship distributable income


Input: [Question] Pship loss limitations [Answer]

Output: pship loss is last event in taxable year and limit loss to basis with excess CF, at-risk limitation, passive loss lims (lim partner fails active participation test, to qual for 25k exception in RE a partner must own at least 10% of the pship value).


Input: [Question] Pship agrments relative to contributed property [Answer]

Output: is property is subsequently sold, the gain is first allocated to the contributing partner up to the FMV of pship interest at the date of contribution, then excess gain allocated to other partners.


Input: [Question] Family pship partner svsc [Answer]

Output: reasonable compensation for services must be deducted before allocation of pship income based on partner interest.


Input: [Question] Personal asset of a partner sold to pship to be held as investment [Answer]

Output: capital asset with the gain on the sale as capital to the partner. If the sold asset is capital to pship then gain is capital to seller


Input: [Question] Pship year end under IRC 444 [Answer]

Output: pship MUST choose tax year where the deferral period is <3 mos


Input: [Question] Pship termination [Answer]

Output: sale/exchange of >50% within 12mos terminates the pship, due to this termination if members cont. ops., DEEMED distrib. of assets to partners&purchaser &HYPOTHETICAL re-contribution to NEW Pship, DEATH NOT terminate pship if estate participates in profits


Input: [Question] Pship interest sale [Answer]

Output: treated as capital asset, if cash and relief of liabilities received, gain=cash+liabilities-basis UNLESS pship had appreciated inventory OR unrealized receivables, proportionate share is ORDINARY


Input: [Question] Non liquidating distribution of property with basis in excess of receiving partner's basis [Answer]

Output: limited to the receiving partners basis, generally, NO gain/loss recognized on non-liquidating property distributions unless all cash, then gain in excess of partner's basis


Input: [Question] Retired partner pmnts determined by pship income [Answer]

Output: considered distributive share of the retired partner and are ORDINARY income.


Input: [Definition] CAPITAL [Term]

Output: Amount invested by the owner


Input: [Definition] SALARY [Term]

Output: Monthly payment to employees


Input: [Definition] ASSETS [Term]

Output: Resources owned by the business


Input: [Definition] LIABILITIES [Term]

Output: Claims owes by the business


Input: [Definition] DRAWINGS [Term]

Output: Money taken by the owner form the business for personal use


Input: [Definition] GOODS [Term]

Output: Items purchased for re-sale purpose


Input: [Definition] FIXEDASSETS [Term]

Output: Long-Term Properties


Input: [Definition] CURRENTASSETS [Term]

Output: Short-Term Properties


Input: [Definition] NETPROFIT [Term]

Output: Closing Capital Less Opening Capital


Input: [Definition] BANKOVERDRAFT [Term]

Output: Money over withdrawn from the bank


Input: [Question] Nasal cavities [Answer]

Output: Two spaces seperated by the nasal septum, found between the eyes above the oral cavity


Input: [Question] Nasal septum [Answer]

Output: A bony partition of the nasal cavities


Input: [Question] Nostrils [Answer]

Output: Two openings in the nasal cavities


Input: [Question] Nasal choana [Answer]

Output: Nasal conchae


Input: [Question] Nasal conchae [Answer]

Output: Curved projections along the lateral sides of the nasal cavities, filter out dust particles and warm and humidify the incoming air


Input: [Question] Sinuses [Answer]

Output: Small cavities in the bones of the skull, lined with mucous membranes, communicate with the nasal cavities


Input: [Question] Pharynx [Answer]

Output: Passageway lined with mucous membranes, connects the nasal cavities to the larynx


Input: [Question] Nasopharynx [Answer]

Output: Uppermost portion of the pharynx, lies directly behind the nasal cavities, contains the pharyngeal tonsils


Input: [Question] Oropharynx [Answer]

Output: Middle portion of the pharynx, lies directly behind the oral cavity, contains the palatine and lingual tonsils


Input: [Question] Laryngopharynx [Answer]

Output: Bottom portion of the pharynx, lies directly above the larynx


Input: [Question] Larynx [Answer]

Output: Cartilaginous structure, contains the vocal cords and a small protrusion of cartilage commonly called the adam's apple


Input: [Question] Adam's apple [Answer]

Output: Also called the voice box


Input: [Question] Glottis [Answer]

Output: Opening between the two vocal cords


Input: [Question] Epiglottis [Answer]

Output: Cartilaginous structure above the glottis, folds down over the glottis during swallowiing to prevent food and water from entering the trachea


Input: [Question] Trachea [Answer]

Output: Rigid tube made up of a series of horseshoe-shaped cartilaginous rings, connects the pharynx to the bronchi of the lungs


Input: [Question] Windpipe [Answer]

Output: Trachea


Input: [Question] Lungs [Answer]

Output: Organs in which gas exchange takes place


Input: [Question] Mediastinum [Answer]

Output: Anatomical space between the lungs where the trachea, heart, major blood vessels, and esophagus are found


Input: [Question] Bronchi [Answer]

Output: Cartilaginous tubes that extend from the trachea into the lungs


Input: [Question] Bronchioles [Answer]

Output: Small bronchi


Input: [Question] The exchange of gases in the lungs takes place by [Answer]

Output: Diffusion


Input: [Question] Terminal bronchioles [Answer]

Output: Last segments of the bronchioles, connect to the alveoli


Input: [Question] Alveoli [Answer]

Output: Tiny sacs that number about 350 million per lung, where gas exchange takes place


Input: [Question] Surfactant [Answer]

Output: Lipid secreted into the alveoli, reduces surface tension of water within the lung, thus decreasing energy required to fill the alveoli with air


Input: [Question] Pleural membranes [Answer]

Output: Serous membranes associated with the lungs, produce a lubricant to reduce friction between the lungs and the walls of the pleural cavity


Input: [Question] Parietal pleura [Answer]

Output: Serous membrane surrounding the internal walls of the thoracic cavity


Input: [Question] Visceral pleura [Answer]

Output: Serous membrane lining the outer surface of the lungs


Input: [Question] Cardiac notch [Answer]

Output: Angular notch in the left lung to accomidate the heart


Input: [Question] Inhalation [Answer]

Output: Active phase of breathing in which energy is used to draw air into the lungs


Input: [Question] Exhalation [Answer]

Output: Passive phase of breathing in which air is pushed out of the lungs


Input: [Question] Tidal volume [Answer]

Output: Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs in one breath during quiet, relaxed breathing


Input: [Question] Residual volume [Answer]

Output: Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation


Input: [Question] Vital capacity [Answer]

Output: Volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation


Input: [Question] Total lung capacity [Answer]

Output: Total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs


Input: [Question] Eupnea [Answer]

Output: Normal breathing


Input: [Question] Apnea [Answer]

Output: Breathing stops for a period of time


Input: [Question] Dyspnea [Answer]

Output: Trouble breathing


Input: [Question] What is the overall process of differentiation and proliferation of blood cells from a single stem cell in the bone marrow called. [Answer]

Output: hematopoiesis


Input: [Question] What is the process of making RBCs called [Answer]

Output: Erythropoiesis


Input: [Question] What is the process of making WBCs called [Answer]

Output: Leukopoiesis


Input: [Question] What is the process of making platelets called [Answer]

Output: Megakaryopoiesis


Input: [Question] What is the stem cell that makes up .1% of all bone marrow cells and is the precursor of all blood cells. [Answer]

Output: Pluripotent stem cell


Input: [Question] How is hematopoiesis guided and controlled [Answer]

Output: by local signaling molecules that signal the stem cells to differentiate into the appropriate needed cells. The signals are growth factor and cytokines such as Erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL-11, G-CSF, Thrombopoietin, etc


Input: [Question] Disruption to what organs or supplies can result in decreased erythrocyte balance [Answer]

Output: disrupting kidneys (produce erythropoietin signal), bone marrow disease, Iron deficiency, certain vitamin deficiencies, and cancer therapy can all effect erythrocytes


Input: [Question] What drugs can be given to replace or boost erythropoiesis [Answer]

Output: recombinant erythropoietin (epoetin alfa, Epogen, Procrit, darbepoetin


Input: [Question] which of the erythropoietin recombinant forms has the longest half life and why [Answer]

Output: Darbepoetin has 4 amino acids mutated changing the carbohydrate modifications and extend the half life to 24-26 hours for darbepoetin


Input: [Question] What is the MOA of erythropoietin and its recombinant forms [Answer]

Output: they bind cell-surface erythropoietin receptors on RBC progenitor cells in bone marrow stimulation expression of specific genes increasing RBC production


Input: [Question] What is the physiologic effect of erythropoietin and its recombinant forms [Answer]

Output: increases marrow progenitor cell survival, proliferation and maturation, increases production of hemoglobin (requires iron), increases release of reticulocytes from bone marrow, increases hematocrit


Input: [Question] What are the therapeutic uses for erythropoietin and its recombinant forms and no blood doping is not therapeutic [Answer]

Output: CANCER TREATMENT (chemo and radiation therapy), blood loss, chronic kidney failure (kidney not releasing erythropoietin) anemia of chronic disease


Input: [Question] what are the possible adverse effects of erythropoietin and its recombinant forms [Answer]

Output: hypertension, thrombotic complications, polycythemia all from the rapid increase in HCT. Allergic rxn are rare, seizures (rare), N/V and Diarrhea


Input: [Question] What type of progenitor cell do the granulocytes arise from [Answer]

Output: myeloid progenitor cell that became a granulocyte monocyte progenitor


Input: [Question] What is the stimulus for the myeloid progenitor cell to become a granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell [Answer]

Output: GM-CSF


Input: [Question] What are the following drugs for Filgrastim (G-CSF) – Neupogen; Pegfilgrastim (G-CSF) – Neulasta; Sargramostim (GM-CSF)- Leukine, Prokine [Answer]

Output: Myeloid Growth Factors- these cytokine bind specific receptors to increase transcription of genes that enable granulocytes and monocytes to increase their proliferation and differentiation


Input: [Question] What cell type does G-CSF stimulate to differentiate into [Answer]

Output: stimulates progenitors committed to neutrophil lineage and prolongs neutrophil survival, increases concentration of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood and allows them to be harvested for stem cell transplant


Input: [Question] What does GM-CSF cause when administered [Answer]

Output: broad actions on erythroid, granulocyte and megakaryocyte progenitors and stimulates activity of neutrophils


Input: [Question] What are the therapeutic uses for Filgrastim (G-CSF) – Neupogen; Pegfilgrastim (G-CSF) – Neulasta; Sargramostim (GM-CSF)- Leukine, Prokine [Answer]

Output: tx of Neutropenia (most common dose-limiting toxicity of chemo), drugs should be given 24hrs after chemo; Drugs used for autologous stem cell transplant by mobilizing stem cells into peripheral blood for collection used to regenerate immune system.


Input: [Question] What are the side effects of G-CSF, GM-CSF recombinants [Answer]

Output: G-CSF- bone pain, GM-CSF- fever malaise, bone and muscle pain, rash, and capillary leakage (peripheral edema, pleural and pericardial effusions


Input: [Question] What is Oprelvekin (neumega) [Answer]

Output: a recombinant for of human IL-11 produced in e. coli. This is growth factor that binds IL-11 receptors on committed progenitor cells and increases proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes (platelets)


Input: [Question] What are the therapeutic uses for Oprelvekin (Neumega) (Interleukin 11) [Answer]

Output: Thrombocytopenia also enhances healing of GI lesions, inhibits adipogenesis, stimulates osteoclastogenesis


Input: [Question] What are the s/e of Oprelvekin (Neumega) (Interleukin 11) [Answer]

Output: fluid retention w/ edema, rhinitis and pleural effusion, eye hemorrhage, tachycardia, vasodilation


Input: [Question] What type of anemia does iron deficiency cause [Answer]

Output: microcytic hypochromic anemia- insufficient iron means RBC can't form adequate hemoglobin so you get smaller and dulled looking cells


Input: [Question] What are some causes of iron deficiency anemia [Answer]

Output: inadequate ingestion, Decreased absorption (antacids, Crohn's, drug interactions TCN), increased requirements (pregnancy, childhood, infancy), blood loss (menstruation, GI bleed)


Input: [Question] How is iron absorption regulated [Answer]

Output: intestines regulate absorption based on amount of iron stores in mucosal cells


Input: [Question] Which is the better source of iron red meat or plant iron [Answer]

Output: red meat it is already in the necessary form of heme, Plant iron has to be converted to ferrous iron in order to be absorbed


Input: [Question] If a pt overdoses on iron pills how does the body get rid of that excess iron if it was absorbed [Answer]

Output: Body doesn't have an efficient mechanism to get rid of excess iron this can result in hemochromatosis and you may need to give chelators to the pt


Input: [Question] What types of iron can you give to pt for iron deficiency anemia [Answer]

Output: ferrous sulfate- hydrated or desiccated; Ferrous gluconate; Ferrous fumarate; carbonyl iron; polysaccharide iron complex; iron with B12 and intrinsic factor


Input: [Question] Why do we use ferrous formulas of iron for iron deficiency anemia and not ferric iron when tx with oral iron supplementation [Answer]

Output: ferric is not well absorbed.


Input: [Question] Why do we have patient take such a high dose of Iron in iron deficiency anemia [Answer]

Output: only 25% of the dose can be absorbed in the GI tract but be careful because higher doses increase s/e but too low of a dose increases time to correct anemia


Input: [Question] What can you co administer to help aid iron absorption [Answer]

Output: Vit C


Input: [Question] What can pt do besides taking more of the Iron pill to increase absorption but it also increases likelihood of s/e [Answer]

Output: take iron on an empty stomach


Input: [Question] What are the s/e of taking oral iron supplements [Answer]

Output: Nausea, Dyspepsia, abdominal cramps, constipation, black stools and dark urine (warn patient), liquid iron stains dentures


Input: [Question] If you want to administer Ferric iron what is the appropriate route [Answer]

Output: parenteral administration as ferric iron doesn’t get absorbed in the gut


Input: [Question] Why would you give parenteral iron as opposed to oral iron supplementation [Answer]

Output: corrects iron deficiency in a shorter time, can be given if pt can't tolerate oral iron.


Input: [Question] What types of parenteral iron can you administer [Answer]

Output: Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex; Iron dextran; Iron Sucrose


Input: [Question] If you are going to administer Iron dextran what do you need to do first [Answer]

Output: give a test dose to make sure pt can tolerate it or you may kill them if you want to avoid this give sodium ferric gluconate complex


Input: [Question] what are the s/e of parenteral iron [Answer]

Output: local pain and tissue discoloration at injxn site; Headache, light headedness, fever, Hypersensitivity rxn Flushing, urticaria, bronchospasm or anaphylaxis (give test dose first); TEST IRON storage to avoid toxicity body can't eliminate excess iron


Input: [Question] How much Iron can be fatal if overdosed [Answer]

Output: 1-2 grams can be lethal but usually 2-10 grams cause death mostly affects children


Input: [Question] what are the sx of iron overdose [Answer]

Output: necrotizing gastroenteritis w/ N/V, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea, followed by shock, dyspnea, metabolic acidosis, coma and death if not treated


Input: [Question] What is the tx for Iron Overdose [Answer]

Output: deferoxamine and deferasirox both are iron chelators that can bind iron already absorbed into the body


Input: [Question] What type of anemia results from Vit B12 deficiency or folate deficiency [Answer]

Output: Megaloblastic anemia


Input: [Question] What are the sx of Megaloblastic anemia [Answer]

Output: paresthesias, ataxia (from effects on nervous system)


Input: [Question] What can be causes of B12 deficiency [Answer]

Output: pernicious anemia (autoimmune attack on intrinsic factor needed for B12 absorption), Crohn's disease and other GI disorders that affect absorption, there could also be inadequate utilization


Input: [Question] What is the MOA of B12 in the body [Answer]

Output: required to convert 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate (THF), THF is involved in synthesis of DNA, fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein and myelin synthesis (hence the neuro sx with B12 deficiency)


Input: [Question] What is the only source of B12 [Answer]

Output: only produced by bacteria and found in animal products


Input: [Question] If you give supplemental B12 what s/e could you cause [Answer]

Output: the s/e are rare so it is safe in large doses but could cause mild diarrhea, itching, urticaria, bloating, anaphylaxis (usually from the impurities that get injected with it)


Input: [Question] What type of drug are the following (Cyanocobalamin – Redisol®, Cyanojet®, Betalin® and Nascobal® (intranasal), Hydroxocobalamin (alphaRedisol®, Hydrobexan® [Answer]

Output: Supplemental B12 preparations for B12 deficiency


Input: [Question] What is the MOA of folic acid [Answer]

Output: needed for synthesis of purines and thymidylates (DNA synthesis), needed for methylation of transfer RNA, needed in amino acid synthesis of histidine to glutamic acid, serine to glycine and homocystine to methionine


Input: [Question] What are the possible s/e of folic acid supplementation [Answer]

Output: Only at high doses, Nausea, flatulence, and bitter taste. Altered sleep patterns and confusion. Anaphylaxis if used parenterally


Input: [Answer] losing electrons [Question]

Output: oxidation


Input: [Answer] gaining electrons [Question]

Output: reduction


Input: [Answer] atoms in their elemental form [Question]

Output: atoms with a 0 oxidation state


Input: [Answer] fluorine group 17 elements (halogens) [Question]

Output: atoms with a -1 oxidation state


Input: [Answer] hydrogen, except when bonded to a metal: then it is -1 group 1 elements [Question]

Output: atom with a +1 oxidation state


Input: [Answer] oxygen (except when it is a peroxide like H2O2) group 16 elements (oxygen family) [Question]

Output: atom with a -2 oxidation state


Input: [Answer] group 2 elements (alkaline earth metals) [Question]

Output: atoms with a +2 oxidation state


Input: [Answer] group 15 elements (nitrogen family) [Question]

Output: atoms with a -3 oxidation state


Input: [Answer] change according to the atoms with which they are bonded [Question]

Output: transition metal oxidation states


Input: [Answer] reducing agent in a redox reaction, this will be oxidized [Question]

Output: reductant


Input: [Answer] oxidizing agent in a redox reaction, this will be reduced [Question]

Output: oxidant


Input: [Answer] a potential associated with any redox reaction, can be separated into the oxidation and reduction component [Question]

Output: electric potential, E


Input: [Answer] electric potential describing the half reaction of a redox rxn [Question]

Output: reduction potential


Input: [Answer] reduction potential at 25 degC - half reaction is spontaneously reduced if positive and spontaneously oxidized if negative [Question]

Output: standard reduction potential


Input: [Answer] 2H+ + 2e' --> H2 (E = 0.00V) used to approximate electric potentials [Question]

Output: standard hydrogen electrode


Input: [Answer] this would be the one w/ the higher (more positive) reduction potential - more spontaneously reduced [Question]

Output: strongest oxidizing agent when comparing reduction potentials


Input: [Answer] this would be the one w/ the more negative reduction potential - more spontaneously oxidized [Question]

Output: strongest reducing agent when comparing reduction potentials


Input: [Answer] 1. divide rxn into half rxns 2. balance elements other than H and O 3. add H20 to 1 side until O balanced 4. add H+ to 1 side until H balanced 5. Add e- until charge balanced 6. multiply each half rxn to make e's eqal 7. add 2 half rxns and simplif [Question]

Output: steps to balance redox rxn


Input: [Answer] aka voltaic cell, made of multiphase series of components w/ no component occurring in more than 1 phase but all conduct electricity but 1 is impermeable to electrons *cell potential is always positive* [Question]

Output: galvanic cell


Input: [Answer] 2 electrodes - anode and cathode [Question]

Output: simple galvanic cell composed of..


Input: [Answer] where the oxidation half rxn takes place [Question]

Output: anode in a galvanic cell


Input: [Answer] where the reduction half rxn takes place [Question]

Output: cathode in a galvanic cell


Input: [Answer] (emf) aka cell potential, potential difference btw the terminals when they are not connected [Question]

Output: electromotive force


Input: [Answer] sum of the standard state potentials of the corresponding half reactions [Question]

Output: standard state cell potential


Input: [Answer] electrolyte soln that acts as the ionic conductor that is impermeable to e's (necessary for galvanic cell) - liquid junction that minimized potential diff and allows ionic conduction btw solns w/o creating strong extra potential [Question]

Output: salt bridge


Input: [Answer] electronic conductors (often metal wires), symbolized as T [Question]

Output: terminal