Input: [Answer] cried [Question]

Output: cry


Input: [Answer] spied [Question]

Output: spy


Input: [Answer] applied [Question]

Output: apply


Input: [Answer] relied [Question]

Output: rely


Input: [Answer] varied [Question]

Output: vary


Input: [Answer] envied [Question]

Output: envy


Input: [Answer] A mirror that curves outward [Question]

Output: What is a convex mirror?


Input: [Answer] a mirror that curves inward [Question]

Output: What is a concave mirror?


Input: [Answer] a virtual image [Question]

Output: What kind of image a plane mirror can produce?


Input: [Answer] It appears to be located where light cannot reach [Question]

Output: Where does a virtual image appear to be?


Input: [Answer] When an object is close to a concave mirror, the virtual image is larger and closer than the image is. [Question]

Output: In a concave mirror, what does the virtual image look like?


Input: [Answer] Virtual images in mirrorsare images that seem to be in or behind he mirror and appear upright [Question]

Output: Describe virtual images


Input: [Answer] The virtual image i smaller and farther from the mirror than the object is. [Question]

Output: How does the image form on a convex mirror?


Input: [Answer] The virtual image i larger and closer from the mirror than the object is. [Question]

Output: How does the image form on a concave mirror?


Input: [Answer] a likeness or reproduction of an oject [Question]

Output: What is an image?


Input: [Answer] upright [Question]

Output: Which way do virual images face?


Input: [Answer] inverted [Question]

Output: Which way do real images face?


Input: [Answer] yes [Question]

Output: Does light enter your eyein the same manner as it would if there really an object were you see the image?


Input: [Answer] A rough surface [Question]

Output: From what type of surfaces do diffused reflection reflect light from?


Input: [Answer] a smooth mirror [Question]

Output: What type of mirror is reflected in only one direction?


Input: [Answer] a reflected sound [Question]

Output: What is an echo?


Input: [Answer] Something that causes damage, harm, or loss [Question]

Output: Detriment


Input: [Answer] Skillful in using the hands or body [Question]

Output: Dexterous


Input: [Answer] Good judgment or tact in actions or speaking [Question]

Output: Discretion


Input: [Answer] Humorous; playfully joking [Question]

Output: Facetious


Input: [Answer] Sociable; enjoying and seeking the company of others [Question]

Output: Gregarious


Input: [Answer] Best possible; most favorable; most desirable [Question]

Output: Optimum


Input: [Answer] Meant to impress others; flashy [Question]

Output: Ostentatious


Input: [Answer] Careful about moral standards; conscientious [Question]

Output: Scrupulous


Input: [Answer] Having to do with seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, or smelling [Question]

Output: Sensory


Input: [Answer] Experienced through the imagination; not experienced directly [Question]

Output: Vicarius


Input: [Question] Actual Yield [Answer]

Output: The amount of product that forms when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory.


Input: [Question] Excess Reagent [Answer]

Output: A reagent present in a quantity that is more that sufficent to react with the limiting reagent


Input: [Question] limiting reagent [Answer]

Output: any reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction.


Input: [Question] percent yield [Answer]

Output: the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage.


Input: [Question] stoichiomentry [Answer]

Output: the portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relationships in chemical reactions


Input: [Question] theoretical yield [Answer]

Output: the amount of product that could form during a reaction calculated from a balanced chemical equation


Input: [Question] chary [Answer]

Output: cautious; wary


Input: [Question] circumspect [Answer]

Output: careful and cautious before acting


Input: [Question] conscientious [Answer]

Output: relating to doing what one knows is right; scrupulous


Input: [Question] exacting [Answer]

Output: requiring a great deal of care or effort; painstaking


Input: [Question] gingerly [Answer]

Output: very carefully


Input: [Question] heedful [Answer]

Output: paying careful attention to


Input: [Question] meticulous [Answer]

Output: very careful; fussy; finicky


Input: [Question] scrupulous [Answer]

Output: showing great care and honesty, based on personal belief of what is right and proper


Input: [Question] vigilant [Answer]

Output: carefully alert and watchful


Input: [Question] wary [Answer]

Output: cautious, careful


Input: [Question] Displacement [2] Slamming a door instead of hitting as person or yelling at a child when angry with an adult [Answer]

Output: Taking out impulses on a less threatening target


Input: [Question] Intellectualization [2] Focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief [Answer]

Output: Avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects


Input: [Question] Projection [2] When losing an argument, a person feels stupid, and to cope with this, calls the other person "stupid." [Answer]

Output: Placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else


Input: [Question] Rationalization [2] Stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up the the boss [Answer]

Output: Supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason


Input: [Question] Reaction formation [2] A person who is angry with a colleague actually ends up being particularly courteous and friendly towards them [Answer]

Output: Taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety


Input: [Question] Regression [2] Sitting in a corner and crying after hearing bad news; throwing a temper tantrum when you don't get your way [Answer]

Output: Returning to a previous stage of development


Input: [Question] Repression [2] Forgetting sexual abuse from your childhood due to the trauma and anxiety [Answer]

Output: Pulling painful thoughts or memories into the unconscious


Input: [Question] Sublimation [2] Channeling your aggressive impulses toward a career as a boxer; lifting weights to release 'pent up' energy [Answer]

Output: Acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way (a mature response)


Input: [Question] Suppression [2] Making a point of not worrying about tomorrows test when playing reading your child a bedtime story [Answer]

Output: A conscious choice not dwell on painful for troubling thoughts


Input: [Question] Somatization [2] Developing a stomach ache before work on the first day of a new job [Answer]

Output: The transformation of negative feelings towards others into pain or illness


Input: [Question] Altruism [Answer]

Output: Constructive service to others that brings pleasure and personal satisfaction (a mature response)


Input: [Question] Hypochondriasis [2] Due to anxietey about an impeneding divorce, an individual begins to fear he/she has cancer [Answer]

Output: An excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness.


Input: [Question] Intellectualization [Answer]

Output: A form of isolation; concentrating on the intellectual components of a situation so as to distance oneself from the associated anxiety-provoking emotions; separation of emotion from ideas;


Input: [Question] Humor [Answer]

Output: Pointing out the funny or ironic aspects of a situation (not laughing AT others) (a mature response)


Input: [Question] Denial [2] insisting that your physician's diagnosis of cancer is incorrect and seeking a second opinion, then a third... [Answer]

Output: Dealing with anxiety provoking information or situation by stating that it doesn't exist


Input: [Question] audience awareness [Answer]

Output: an understanding of differing points of view


Input: [Question] conclusion [Answer]

Output: In a persuasive paper, the restatement of each argument, highlighting strongest point, "call to action"-in final paragraph


Input: [Question] introduction [Answer]

Output: In a persuasive essay, the first paragraph, which includes a lead and clear issue statement.


Input: [Question] issue [Answer]

Output: an important matter that needs to be examined and resolved


Input: [Question] issue statement [Answer]

Output: a sentence in a persuasive essay's introduction that presents the issue or question that is the focus of the paper


Input: [Question] lead [Answer]

Output: usually the first sentence in a persuasive essay, which should attract the reader's attention and encourage him/her to read on


Input: [Question] main argument [Answer]

Output: a strong reason to agree with the author of a persuasive essay


Input: [Question] persuasive pillar [Answer]

Output: a graphic organizer with spaces for the introduction, arguments, details, and conclusion


Input: [Question] point of view [Answer]

Output: specific opinion or perspective on an issue


Input: [Question] position [Answer]

Output: attitude, opinion, or stand on an issue


Input: [Question] rhetorical question [Answer]

Output: a question in which the answer is implied


Input: [Question] tone [Answer]

Output: mood, feeling, attitude, or sentiment of a piece of writing (examples: serious, funny, hopeful, etc.)


Input: [Question] What does P in PASS stand for? [Answer]

Output: purpose


Input: [Question] What does A in PASS stand for? [Answer]

Output: audience


Input: [Question] What does the first S in PASS stand for? [Answer]

Output: subject


Input: [Question] What does the second S in PASS stand for? [Answer]

Output: structure


Input: [Answer] magnify [Question]

Output: make something look larger than it actually is


Input: [Answer] observed [Question]

Output: watched carefully and learned more about it


Input: [Answer] generate [Question]

Output: produce, make


Input: [Answer] confirm [Question]

Output: prove something


Input: [Answer] picturesque [Question]

Output: pretty enough to be in a picture


Input: [Answer] safeguard [Question]

Output: protect and guard something


Input: [Answer] expedition [Question]

Output: an adventure or journey to a new place


Input: [Answer] uncharted [Question]

Output: no maps of a place


Input: [Answer] aligned [Question]

Output: matched up perfectly


Input: [Answer] occur [Question]

Output: happen


Input: [Answer] austere [Question]

Output: severe or stern manner without adornment or luxury


Input: [Answer] beneficent [Question]

Output: performing acts of kindness or charity conferring benefits doing good


Input: [Answer] cadaverous [Question]

Output: pale gaunt resembling corpse


Input: [Answer] concoct [Question]

Output: to prepare by combining ingredients make up (as a dish) invent


Input: [Answer] crass [Question]

Output: coarse unfeeling stupid


Input: [Answer] debase [Question]

Output: lower in character quality or value degrade cause deterioration


Input: [Answer] desecrate [Question]

Output: to commit sacrilege upon treat irreverently to contaminate pollute


Input: [Answer] disconcert [Question]

Output: to confuse disturb composure of


Input: [Answer] grandiose [Question]

Output: grand in an impressed or stately way marked by pompous affection or grandeur absurdly exaggerated


Input: [Answer] inconsequential [Question]

Output: trifling unimportant


Input: [Answer] infraction [Question]

Output: breaking of law or obligation


Input: [Answer] mitigate [Question]

Output: to make milder or softer to moderate in force or intensity


Input: [Answer] pillage [Question]

Output: to rob of goods by open force(war) plunder in the act of looting booty


Input: [Answer] prate [Question]

Output: to talk a great deal in foolish or aimless fashion


Input: [Answer] punctilious [Question]

Output: very careful and exact attentive to fine points of etiquette or propriety


Input: [Answer] redoubtable [Question]

Output: inspiring fear or awe illustrious eminent


Input: [Answer] reprove [Question]

Output: to find fault with scold rebuke opposite of praise


Input: [Answer] restitution [Question]

Output: the act of restoring something to the rightful owner or to a former state or position making good on a loss or damage


Input: [Answer] stalwart [Question]

Output: strong sturdy brave resolute strong supporter


Input: [Answer] vulnerable [Question]

Output: open to attack capable of being wounded or damaged unprotected


Input: [Question] carry [Answer]

Output: carried


Input: [Question] marry [Answer]

Output: married


Input: [Question] bury [Answer]

Output: buried


Input: [Question] hurry [Answer]

Output: hurried


Input: [Question] try [Answer]

Output: tried


Input: [Question] study [Answer]

Output: studied


Input: [Question] cry [Answer]

Output: cried


Input: [Question] spy [Answer]

Output: spied


Input: [Question] apply [Answer]

Output: applied


Input: [Question] rely [Answer]

Output: relied


Input: [Question] vary [Answer]

Output: varied


Input: [Question] envy [Answer]

Output: envied


Input: [Term] photosphere [Definition]

Output: the fiery outer layer of the Sun


Input: [Term] rotate [Definition]

Output: to spin on an axis


Input: [Term] eclipse [Definition]

Output: one object in space casting its shadow on another object in space


Input: [Term] corona [Definition]

Output: a cloud or ring of gases around the outside of the Sun


Input: [Term] solar flare [Definition]

Output: an eruption on the Sun's surface


Input: [Term] solar prominence [Definition]

Output: a large loop or ribbon of gas extending out from the Sun's surface


Input: [Term] Heterozygous [Definition]

Output: Two different alleles for a trait ex. Gg


Input: [Term] Homozygous [Definition]

Output: Two of the same alleles for a trait ex. GG


Input: [Term] Alleles [Definition]

Output: two different forms of a gene


Input: [Term] Dominant [Definition]

Output: Allele always shows up in an organism even when the other allele is present


Input: [Term] Recessive [Definition]

Output: Allele is hidden whenever the dominate allele is present


Input: [Term] Trait [Definition]

Output: Is a characteristic, such as seed color


Input: [Term] Gene [Definition]

Output: Factors that control traits


Input: [Term] Purebred [Definition]

Output: Always produces offspring that have the same trait


Input: [Term] Hybrid [Definition]

Output: Has two different alleles for a trait


Input: [Term] Heredity [Definition]

Output: Passing of traits from parents to offspring


Input: [Term] Genetics [Definition]

Output: The study of heredity


Input: [Term] Phenotype [Definition]

Output: The way an organism looks.


Input: [Term] Genotype [Definition]

Output: The genetic makeup, or combination of alleles in an organism


Input: [Term] Chromosomes [Definition]

Output: Short, thick coils of DNA


Input: [Term] DNA [Definition]

Output: Determines the inherited traits from an organism


Input: [Term] Acquired Trait [Definition]

Output: Learning how to ride a bike or play a game


Input: [Term] Inherited Trait [Definition]

Output: Your eye or hair color


Input: [defanition] unknown source or unreaveled name [vocab words]

Output: anonymous


Input: [defanition] collection of various writings,such as songs,stories,or poems [vocab words]

Output: anthology


Input: [defanition] conclusion based on guesswork or inufficient evidence [vocab words]

Output: conjecture


Input: [defanition] persons usual mood temperament [vocab words]

Output: disposition


Input: [defanition] to enclose or encircle [vocab words]

Output: encompass


Input: [defanition] to free from a difficult or tangled situation [vocab words]

Output: extricate


Input: [defanition] one step in the line of descent of a family [vocab words]

Output: generation


Input: [defanition] cunning or decietin dealing with others,trickery [vocab words]

Output: guile


Input: [defanition] urgent,pressing [vocab words]

Output: imperative


Input: [defanition] to introduce gradually in order to establish securely [vocab words]

Output: instill or instil


Input: [defanition] to make less extreme or severe [vocab words]

Output: modify


Input: [defanition] a small bar or rod on which something else turns [vocab words]

Output: pivot


Input: [defanition] commonly accurring, widely accepted or practiced [vocab words]

Output: prevalent


Input: [defanition] to comeup again or to happen again [vocab words]

Output: recur


Input: [defanition] voluntary or unplanned [vocab words]

Output: spontaneous


Input: [Common Name] Person standing with legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Hands are at the sides and the palms face forward. [Anatomical Term]

Output: anatomical position


Input: [Common Name] lying face up in the anatomical position [Anatomical Term]

Output: supine


Input: [Common Name] lying face down the the anatomical position [Anatomical Term]

Output: prone


Input: [Common Name] four segment method of dividing the abdomin [Anatomical Term]

Output: abdominopelvic quadrants


Input: [Common Name] nine segment method of dividing the abdomin [Anatomical Term]

Output: abdominopelvic regions


Input: [Common Name] nose [Anatomical Term]

Output: nasal


Input: [Common Name] ear [Anatomical Term]

Output: otic


Input: [Common Name] mouth [Anatomical Term]

Output: oris


Input: [Common Name] eye [Anatomical Term]

Output: ocular


Input: [Common Name] cheek [Anatomical Term]

Output: bucal


Input: [Common Name] forehead [Anatomical Term]

Output: frontal


Input: [Common Name] chin [Anatomical Term]

Output: mental


Input: [Common Name] neck [Anatomical Term]

Output: cervical


Input: [Common Name] back of head [Anatomical Term]

Output: occipital


Input: [Common Name] upper arm [Anatomical Term]

Output: brachium


Input: [Common Name] front of elbow [Anatomical Term]

Output: antecubital


Input: [Common Name] forearm [Anatomical Term]

Output: antebrachium


Input: [Common Name] wrist [Anatomical Term]

Output: carpal


Input: [Common Name] thumb [Anatomical Term]

Output: pollux


Input: [Common Name] elbow [Anatomical Term]

Output: cubital


Input: [Common Name] armpit [Anatomical Term]

Output: axilla


Input: [Common Name] chest [Anatomical Term]

Output: thorax


Input: [Common Name] navel [Anatomical Term]

Output: umbilicus


Input: [Common Name] groin [Anatomical Term]

Output: inguinal


Input: [Common Name] upper back [Anatomical Term]

Output: costal


Input: [Common Name] lower back [Anatomical Term]

Output: lumbar


Input: [Common Name] buttock [Anatomical Term]

Output: gluteal


Input: [Common Name] seperates the buttocks [Anatomical Term]

Output: gluteal cleft


Input: [Common Name] effects of gravity on buttocks [Anatomical Term]

Output: gluteal fold


Input: [Common Name] thigh [Anatomical Term]

Output: femur


Input: [Common Name] kneecap [Anatomical Term]

Output: patella


Input: [Common Name] lower leg [Anatomical Term]

Output: crural


Input: [Common Name] ankle [Anatomical Term]

Output: tarsal


Input: [Common Name] big toe [Anatomical Term]

Output: hallux


Input: [Common Name] back of knee [Anatomical Term]

Output: popliteal


Input: [Common Name] calf [Anatomical Term]

Output: sural


Input: [Common Name] going toward the head [Anatomical Term]

Output: superior


Input: [Common Name] going toward the feet [Anatomical Term]

Output: inferior


Input: [Common Name] going toward the front of the body [Anatomical Term]

Output: anterior


Input: [Common Name] going toward the back of the body [Anatomical Term]

Output: posteroir


Input: [Common Name] going toward the midline of the body [Anatomical Term]

Output: medial


Input: [Common Name] going away from the midline of the body [Anatomical Term]

Output: lateral


Input: [Common Name] closest point to the trunk of the body [Anatomical Term]

Output: proximal


Input: [Common Name] farthest point from the trunk of the body [Anatomical Term]

Output: distal


Input: [Common Name] a dissectional cut that separates the body into left and right sections [Anatomical Term]

Output: sagittal plane


Input: [Common Name] a dissectional cut that separates the body into anterior and posterior sections [Anatomical Term]

Output: frontal plane


Input: [Common Name] a dissectional cut that separates the body into superior and inferior sections [Anatomical Term]

Output: transverse plane


Input: [Anatomical Term] anatomical position [Common Name]

Output: Person standing with legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Hands are at the sides and the palms face forward.


Input: [Anatomical Term] supine [Common Name]

Output: lying face up in the anatomical position


Input: [Anatomical Term] prone [Common Name]

Output: lying face down the the anatomical position


Input: [Anatomical Term] abdominopelvic quadrants [Common Name]

Output: four segment method of dividing the abdomin


Input: [Anatomical Term] abdominopelvic regions [Common Name]

Output: nine segment method of dividing the abdomin


Input: [Anatomical Term] nasal [Common Name]

Output: nose


Input: [Anatomical Term] otic [Common Name]

Output: ear


Input: [Anatomical Term] oris [Common Name]

Output: mouth


Input: [Anatomical Term] ocular [Common Name]

Output: eye


Input: [Anatomical Term] bucal [Common Name]

Output: cheek


Input: [Anatomical Term] frontal [Common Name]

Output: forehead


Input: [Anatomical Term] mental [Common Name]

Output: chin


Input: [Anatomical Term] cervical [Common Name]

Output: neck


Input: [Anatomical Term] occipital [Common Name]

Output: back of head


Input: [Anatomical Term] brachium [Common Name]

Output: upper arm


Input: [Anatomical Term] antecubital [Common Name]

Output: front of elbow


Input: [Anatomical Term] antebrachium [Common Name]

Output: forearm


Input: [Anatomical Term] carpal [Common Name]

Output: wrist


Input: [Anatomical Term] pollux [Common Name]

Output: thumb


Input: [Anatomical Term] cubital [Common Name]

Output: elbow


Input: [Anatomical Term] axilla [Common Name]

Output: armpit


Input: [Anatomical Term] thorax [Common Name]

Output: chest


Input: [Anatomical Term] umbilicus [Common Name]

Output: navel


Input: [Anatomical Term] inguinal [Common Name]

Output: groin


Input: [Anatomical Term] costal [Common Name]

Output: upper back


Input: [Anatomical Term] lumbar [Common Name]

Output: lower back


Input: [Anatomical Term] gluteal [Common Name]

Output: buttock


Input: [Anatomical Term] gluteal cleft [Common Name]

Output: seperates the buttocks


Input: [Anatomical Term] gluteal fold [Common Name]

Output: effects of gravity on buttocks


Input: [Anatomical Term] femur [Common Name]

Output: thigh


Input: [Anatomical Term] patella [Common Name]

Output: kneecap


Input: [Anatomical Term] crural [Common Name]

Output: lower leg


Input: [Anatomical Term] tarsal [Common Name]

Output: ankle


Input: [Anatomical Term] hallux [Common Name]

Output: big toe


Input: [Anatomical Term] popliteal [Common Name]

Output: back of knee


Input: [Anatomical Term] sural [Common Name]

Output: calf


Input: [Anatomical Term] superior [Common Name]

Output: going toward the head


Input: [Anatomical Term] inferior [Common Name]

Output: going toward the feet


Input: [Anatomical Term] anterior [Common Name]

Output: going toward the front of the body


Input: [Anatomical Term] posteroir [Common Name]

Output: going toward the back of the body


Input: [Anatomical Term] medial [Common Name]

Output: going toward the midline of the body


Input: [Anatomical Term] lateral [Common Name]

Output: going away from the midline of the body


Input: [Anatomical Term] proximal [Common Name]

Output: closest point to the trunk of the body


Input: [Anatomical Term] distal [Common Name]

Output: farthest point from the trunk of the body


Input: [Anatomical Term] sagittal plane [Common Name]

Output: a dissectional cut that separates the body into left and right sections


Input: [Anatomical Term] frontal plane [Common Name]

Output: a dissectional cut that separates the body into anterior and posterior sections


Input: [Anatomical Term] transverse plane [Common Name]

Output: a dissectional cut that separates the body into superior and inferior sections


Input: [Question] make something look larger than it actually is [Answer]

Output: magnify


Input: [Question] watched carefully and learned more about it [Answer]

Output: observed


Input: [Question] produce, make [Answer]

Output: generate


Input: [Question] prove something [Answer]

Output: confirm


Input: [Question] pretty enough to be in a picture [Answer]

Output: picturesque


Input: [Question] protect and guard something [Answer]

Output: safeguard


Input: [Question] an adventure or journey to a new place [Answer]

Output: expedition


Input: [Question] no maps of a place [Answer]

Output: uncharted


Input: [Question] matched up perfectly [Answer]

Output: aligned


Input: [Question] happen [Answer]

Output: occur


Input: [Answer] Destination/source file [Question]

Output: the file that an object is embedded in or linked to


Input: [Answer] Embedded file [Question]

Output: a file that becomes part of the current file but is a separate object that can be edited using the application that created it


Input: [Answer] Integration [Question]

Output: the sharing or combining of data between applications


Input: [Answer] Linking [Question]

Output: placing a copy of an object or data in a destination file that will update when changes are made to the source file


Input: [Answer] Merge [Question]

Output: a feature that combines a data document with a main document to mass produce personalized letters or other documents


Input: [Answer] E-mail [Question]

Output: transmission of messages and files using a computer network


Input: [Answer] Fax [Question]

Output: a document generated by using a facsimile machine


Input: [Answer] Internet [Question]

Output: a vast network of computers linked to one another


Input: [Answer] Local Area Network (LAN) [Question]

Output: a compuer network that covers a small area


Input: [Answer] Network [Question]

Output: computers that are connected to each other


Input: [Answer] Online [Question]

Output: computers that are connected and ready to receive and/or transmit data


Input: [Answer] Protocol [Question]

Output: the rules that must be observed for two electronic devices to communicate with each other


Input: [Answer] Stand alone [Question]

Output: a comuter that is not connected to a network


Input: [Answer] Telecommunications [Question]

Output: transmitting information and communicating electronically


Input: [Answer] Uniform Resource Locator (URL) [Question]

Output: Internet address that identifies hypertext documents


Input: [Answer] World Wide Web (WWW) [Question]

Output: a system of computers that share information by means of links on web pages


Input: [Answer] to remove nitrogenous wastes from the body [Question]

Output: the purpose of the urinary system is


Input: [Answer] excretory [Question]

Output: this is an ___ function


Input: [Answer] the electrolyte, acid-base, & fluid balances of the blood & is a mj. function of homeostatic organ of the body [Question]

Output: the kidney's maintain


Input: [Answer] (1) act as a blood "filter" (2) a blood "processor"; allows toxins, metabolic wastes & excess ions to leave the body in the urine while simultaneously retaing needed substances & returning them to the blood [Question]

Output: explain the performance functions of the kidneys


Input: [Answer] homeostasis; can be fatal [Question]

Output: malfunction of the urinary system (kindeys) leads to failure in


Input: [Answer] paired kidneys & ureters & the urinary bladder & urethra [Question]

Output: what does the urinary system consist of?


Input: [Answer] storage reservoirs or transportation channels for urine [Question]

Output: all other organs besides the kidneys provide temporary


Input: [Answer] right kid is slightly lower than the left kid [Question]

Output: the __ kidney is slightly lower than the ___ kidney


Input: [Answer] fat deposits (adipose capsules) & fibrous renal capsules [Question]

Output: what hold the kidneys in a retroperitoneal position?


Input: [Answer] when the kidneys are less securely anchored to the body wall due to reduced or rapid weight loss (very thin individuals); may cause kidneys to drop to a lower position [Question]

Output: ptosis


Input: [Answer] present in each kidney; the indented medial region where the renal arteries enter [Question]

Output: hilus


Input: [Answer] drains the bladder [Question]

Output: urethra


Input: [Answer] triangular region of the bladder which is delineated by three openings (2 ureteral & 1 urethral orifice) [Question]

Output: trigone


Input: [Answer] prostatic, membranous & spongy (penile) urethrae [Question]

Output: name the 3 main regions of the peins


Input: [Answer] dual [Question]

Output: the urethra of males has a ____ function


Input: [Answer] (1) it is a urine conduit to the body exterior (2) provides a passageway for the ejaculation of semen [Question]

Output: what are they?


Input: [Answer] approximately 20cm (8 inches) [Question]

Output: how long is the urethra in males


Input: [Answer] approx. 4cm (1 1/2 inches) [Question]

Output: how long is the urethra in females


Input: [Answer] anterior to the vaginal opeing, the external opening [Question]

Output: external urethral orifice


Input: [Answer] nephrons; the anatomical units responsible for forming urine [Question]

Output: each kidney contains over a million ___


Input: [Answer] a glomerulus(capillary knot) & a renal tubule [Question]

Output: name the 2 major structures in each nephron


Input: [Answer] blind-ended tubule that gradually encloses an adjacent capillary cluster, or glomerulus [Question]

Output: the renal tubule in embryologic development begins as a


Input: [Answer] the enlarged end of the tubule encasing the glomerulus [Question]

Output: the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is


Input: [Answer] podocytes; highly specialized cells [Question]

Output: what does the glomerular's inner/visceral wall consist of


Input: [Answer] long, branching processes (foot processes) that interdigitate w. those of other podocytes & cling to the endothelial wall of the glomerular capillaries; forms the porous epithelial membrane surrounding the glomerulus [Question]

Output: what structures do podocytes have?


Input: [Answer] renal corpuscle [Question]

Output: what is another name for the glomerulus-capsule complex?


Input: [Answer] the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle (descending & ascending limbs) & the distal convoluted tubule [Question]

Output: name the anatomical areas of the renal tubule in order from the glomerular capsule


Input: [Answer] cuboidal epithelial cells [Question]

Output: what type of tissue is the wall of the renal tubule composed almost entirely of?


Input: [Answer] simple squamous epithelium [Question]

Output: the tissue in the loop of Henle is


Input: [Answer] within the cortex [Question]

Output: where are cortical nephrons located?


Input: [Answer] papillary ducts, they empty the final urinary product into the calyces & pelvis of the kidney [Question]

Output: as the collecting ducts approach the renal pelvis they fuse to form larger ____, (what do these structures do?)


Input: [Answer] glomerulus & peritubular capillary bed [Question]

Output: name the 2 distinct capillary beds that the capillary vascular supply consists of


Input: [Answer] arterioles [Question]

Output: vessels leading to & from the glomerulus, the 1st capillary bed are both __


Input: [Answer] feeds the bed [Question]

Output: the afferent arteriole


Input: [Answer] drains the bed [Question]

Output: the efferent arteriole


Input: [Answer] high [Question]

Output: the glomerular capillary bed is __-pressure


Input: [Answer] (1) bed is fed & drained by arterioles (arterioles are high-resistance vessels) (2) the afferent feeder arteriole is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole draning the bed [Question]

Output: b.c of this the two major resulting factors are


Input: [Answer] forces out fluid & blood components smaller than proteins from the glumerulus intot he glomerular capsule (forms the filtrate which is processed by the nephron tubule) [Question]

Output: the high hydrostatic pressure


Input: [Answer] efferent arteriole draining the glomerulus (clings intimately tot he renal tubule & empties into the interlobular veins that leave the cortex) [Question]

Output: peritubular capillary bed arises from the


Input: [Answer] low-pressure [Question]

Output: what type of pressure is the peritubular capillaries


Input: [Answer] cery prous capillaries adapted for absorption rather than filteration & redily take up the solutes & water reabsorbed from the filtrate by the tubule cells [Question]

Output: what does this cause?


Input: [Answer] vasa recta (straight vessels); parallel to the long loops of Henle in the medulla [Question]

Output: what are the additional looping vessels that the juxtamedullary nephrons have? what are they parallel to


Input: [Answer] filtrate, reclaim [Question]

Output: the glomerulus produces the ___ & the peritubular capillaries __ most of that filtrate


Input: [Answer] plays an important role in filtrate formation [Question]

Output: JGA; juxtaglomerular apparatus


Input: [Answer] (1) juxtaglomerular (JG) cells (2) pressure sensors in the walls of the arterioles near the glomerulus (3) macula densa, a specialized group of columnar cells in the distal convoluted tubule abuting the JG cells [Question]

Output: what does the JGA consist of


Input: [Answer] filtration, reabsorption & secretion [Question]

Output: name the 3 processes that urine results from


Input: [Answer] glomerulus [Question]

Output: filration is the role of the


Input: [Answer] a passive process in which a portion of the blood passes from the blomerular bed into the glomerular capsule; filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule where tubular reabsorption & secretionb begin [Question]

Output: what is filtration


Input: [Answer] active transport processes & is highly selective [Question]

Output: reabosprption of most substances depends on


Input: [Answer] the filtrate components move through the tubule cells & return to the blood in the peritubular capillaries [Question]

Output: during tubular reabosorption


Input: [Answer] water, glucose & amino acids [Question]

Output: name the substaces that are almost entirely reabsorbed from teh filtrate


Input: [Answer] proximal convoluted tubule [Question]

Output: most (75%-80%) of tubular rabsorption occurs in the


Input: [Answer] the reverse process of tubular reabsorption; important for the disposal of substances not already in the filtrate (drug metabolites) controlling device for blood pH [Question]

Output: tubular secretion


Input: [Answer] hydrogen, potassium ions & creatinine [Question]

Output: name the substances that move either fm the blood of the peritubular capillaries through the tubular cells or from the tubular cells into the filtrate to be disposed of in the urine


Input: [Answer] receives urine via the ureters & discharges it via the urethra, stores it temporarily [Question]

Output: urinary bladder


Input: [Answer] micturition; urine empties from the bladder [Question]

Output: voiding is also known as


Input: [Answer] internal urethral sphincter (superiorly) & the external urethral sphincter (inferiorly located) [Question]

Output: name the 2 sphinctermuscles/valves that control the outflow of urine from the bladder


Input: [Answer] skeletal muscle & is voluntarily controlled [Question]

Output: inferior external sphincter consists of


Input: [Definition] constant attack; in large amounts [Term]

Output: barrage


Input: [Definition] a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view [Term]

Output: perspective


Input: [Definition] worthy of media attention; topical [Term]

Output: newsworthy


Input: [Definition] repeating the same thing over and over,often to the point of monotony or boredom [Term]

Output: repetitive


Input: [Definition] consideration of an issue from only one side,often with a certain predjudice [Term]

Output: bias


Input: [Definition] of no importance [Term]

Output: inconsequential


Input: [Definition] the complete loss or absence of hope often characterized by sadness or depression [Term]

Output: despair


Input: [Definition] solutions [Term]

Output: remedies


Input: [Definition] anything that is consumed or taken into the body [Term]

Output: intake


Input: [Definition] unable to move or act [Term]

Output: immobilized


Input: [Definition] separate oneself from; lose interest in [Term]

Output: disengage from


Input: [Definition] basic; fundamental; the support or basis of [Term]

Output: underlying


Input: [Question] Food is fully prepared and plated on individual plates in the kithen and brought to the dining room [Answer]

Output: American service


Input: [Question] How food and drink are delivered to the guest [Answer]

Output: Service style or table service


Input: [Question] Food is brought to the table in a large platter and servers serve each guest [Answer]

Output: Russion service


Input: [Question] Food is placed on the table in serving dishes and the guest help themselves [Answer]

Output: Family service


Input: [Question] Dishes are prepared or finished off at the table [Answer]

Output: side table service


Input: [Question] Elaborate style based on serving a meal in three courses [Answer]

Output: French service


Input: [Question] Used for large groups, where guests may serve themselves [Answer]

Output: Buffet


Input: [Question] Drinks should be served from the right or left? [Answer]

Output: Right


Input: [Question] Plates should be cleared from the right or left? [Answer]

Output: Left


Input: [Question] Guest who leave without paying [Answer]

Output: Walkouts


Input: [Question] Which type of service has high food cost? [Answer]

Output: Buffet


Input: [Question] Name 5 table manners. [Answer]

Output: Do not talk with your mouth full, have good posture, pleasant conversation,Say please and thank you, Excuse yourself from the table, cut one bite of food at a time,pass both salt and pepper shakers,place napkin in lap


Input: [Answer] list of employees and their salaries [Question]

Output: What is payroll?


Input: [Answer] an amount of firewood [Question]

Output: What is a cord?


Input: [Answer] very large...huge...enormous [Question]

Output: What does immense mean?


Input: [Answer] worry [Question]

Output: What does dismay mean?


Input: [Answer] gray OR large grayish bear...type of bear [Question]

Output: What does grizzly mean?


Input: [Answer] Marven was 10 years old. [Question]

Output: How old was Marven?


Input: [Answer] His parents sent him them so that he wouldn't get sick with the flu. [Question]

Output: Why was Marven sent to the Great North Woods?


Input: [Answer] Mr. Murray was the manager of the lumber camp. [Question]

Output: Who is Mr. Murray?


Input: [Answer] He was the bookkeeper and he woke up the lumberjacks if they overslept. [Question]

Output: What was Marven's job at the camp?


Input: [Answer] The story takes place in a lumber camp in the northern part of Minnesota. It takes place in the early 1900's. [Question]

Output: What was the setting of this story?


Input: [Answer] He had a bearskin for a blanket and he used an inkwell to write. They used kerosene lamps. [Question]

Output: What parts of the story lets you know that it take place along time ago?


Input: [Answer] They use a fire for heat. They use bearskin for blankets. He wore double-thick long underwear, two pair of socks, two pair of pants and two sweaters. [Question]

Output: How can you tell that the Great Woods are very cold?


Input: [Answer] Bells rang. The first one at 4:00, the next at 4:15 and the third one at 4:20. [Question]

Output: How were the lumberjacks told to wake up?


Input: [Answer] Jack was frightened to wake up the lumberjacks. [Question]

Output: How did Marven feel about having to wake up the lumberjacks?


Input: [Answer] The lumberjack might have been from France. His name was Jean Louis and he spoke French. [Question]

Output: Where do you think the lumberjack was from?


Input: [Answer] His feet were as big as skillets. It was like poking a granite boulder. Each lumberjack at a lot of food for breakfast...pancakes, steak, bacon and oatmeal. Jean Louis' thumbprint was the size of a baby's fist. [Question]

Output: What are some of the words that the author used to describe how immense the lumberjacks were?


Input: [Answer] He would eat the steak one day and the pancakes and oatmeal with milk another. [Question]

Output: How did Marven solve his breakfast problem?


Input: [Answer] It was based on how much wood they cut. [Question]

Output: How did Marven determine the amount of pay for each lumberjack?


Input: [Answer] No, Jean Louis' chit had a thumbprint on it. [Question]

Output: Could all the lumberjacks write? How do you know?


Input: [Answer] Yes, By week 2 he was organized and would finish early. [Question]

Output: Was Marven good at his job?


Input: [Answer] The snow was cleaner...it was white. In Duluth, his home, the snow turned sooty from smoke from chimneys. [Question]

Output: How was the great North Woods different from home?


Input: [Answer] It was really Jean Louis. [Question]

Output: What did Marven actually see when he thought he saw a Grizzly bear?


Input: [Answer] He was probably afraid he wouldn't see them again. [Question]

Output: Why do you think Marven thought of his family when he was frightened by the "grizzly bear"/ Jean Louis?


Input: [Answer] The author was Marven's daughter. [Question]

Output: This is a true story. How was the author related to Marven?


Input: [Answer] Marven liked being there. By the end of the story, he was skiing along side the lumberjacks humming their songs. [Question]

Output: By the end of the story, did Marven like being at the camp? How could you tell.


Input: [Answer] She was proud of her father. That is probably why she wrote this true story about him. [Question]

Output: How do you think the author felt about her father?


Input: [Answer] He made up a system for paying the men. [Question]

Output: How could you tell that Marvin was intelligent?


Input: [Answer] C. The men looked like a pack of frantic grizzly bears. [Question]

Output: Which sentence is an opinion? A. Marven Lasky went to camp to work as a bookkeeper. B. Mr. Murray managed the lumber camp. C. the men looked like a pack of frantic grizzly bears.


Input: [Answer] He could not eat meat with dairy products. [Question]

Output: Since Marvin was Jewish, what was he not allowed to eat?


Input: [Answer] Lumberjacks cut wood for a living. [Question]

Output: What is the main idea of this story?


Input: [Answer] He wanted to show the readers what the men did for entertainment. [Question]

Output: Why do you think that the author described the lumberjacks dancing?


Input: [Answer] Marven was good at math. [Question]

Output: What does the author mean when she says that Marvin has a good head for figures?


Input: [Answer] Jean Louis walked Marvin back to the camp. [Question]

Output: How could you tell that Jean Louis liked Marvin?


Input: [Answer] He used skis to get around in the snow. [Question]

Output: How was Marven's life in Duluth like his life at the lumber camp?


Input: [Answer] B. Marven's family moved to the United States. [Question]

Output: Which event in the story happened first? A. Marven arrived at the logging camp. B. Marven's family moved to the United States. C. Influenza struck the United States. D. The lumberjacks danced to fiddle music.


Input: [Answer] He was cheerful. [Question]

Output: How would you describe how Marven felt when he returned to camp with Jean Louis and the other men?


Input: [Answer] He organized the payroll. [Question]

Output: How can you tell that Marven is good at doing things on his own?


Input: [Answer] He did not want to have to wake the lumberjacks. [Question]

Output: Why did Marven want to say a broche, or blessing, on his first morning?


Input: [Answer] C. Jean Louis had a laugh that was as powerful as his ax. [Question]

Output: Which sentence is an opinion? A. Jean Louis did not know how to write this name. B. Jean Louis spoke French and English C. Jean Louis had a laugh that was a powerful as his ax.?


Input: [Answer] Marvin could write and Jean Louis could not. His chit had a thumbprint. [Question]

Output: How were Marven and Jean Louis different?


Input: [Question] Displacement [Answer] Taking out impulses on a less threatening target [2]

Output: Slamming a door instead of hitting as person or yelling at a child when angry with an adult


Input: [Question] Intellectualization [Answer] Avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects [2]

Output: Focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief


Input: [Question] Projection [Answer] Placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else [2]

Output: When losing an argument, a person feels stupid, and to cope with this, calls the other person "stupid."


Input: [Question] Rationalization [Answer] Supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason [2]

Output: Stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up the the boss


Input: [Question] Reaction formation [Answer] Taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety [2]

Output: A person who is angry with a colleague actually ends up being particularly courteous and friendly towards them


Input: [Question] Regression [Answer] Returning to a previous stage of development [2]

Output: Sitting in a corner and crying after hearing bad news; throwing a temper tantrum when you don't get your way


Input: [Question] Repression [Answer] Pulling painful thoughts or memories into the unconscious [2]

Output: Forgetting sexual abuse from your childhood due to the trauma and anxiety


Input: [Question] Sublimation [Answer] Acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way (a mature response) [2]

Output: Channeling your aggressive impulses toward a career as a boxer; lifting weights to release 'pent up' energy


Input: [Question] Suppression [Answer] A conscious choice not dwell on painful for troubling thoughts [2]

Output: Making a point of not worrying about tomorrows test when playing reading your child a bedtime story


Input: [Question] Somatization [Answer] The transformation of negative feelings towards others into pain or illness [2]

Output: Developing a stomach ache before work on the first day of a new job


Input: [Question] Hypochondriasis [Answer] An excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness. [2]

Output: Due to anxietey about an impeneding divorce, an individual begins to fear he/she has cancer


Input: [Question] Denial [Answer] Dealing with anxiety provoking information or situation by stating that it doesn't exist [2]

Output: insisting that your physician's diagnosis of cancer is incorrect and seeking a second opinion, then a third...


Input: [Answer] groups if stars named by ancient cultures to honor gods, animals, legends, etc. [Question]

Output: Constellations


Input: [Answer] 88 [Question]

Output: How many constellations are in whole sky?


Input: [Answer] Polaris [Question]

Output: The stars appear to rotate around _____.


Input: [Answer] The rotation of the Earth. [Question]

Output: What causes the stars in the night sky to rotate?


Input: [Answer] circumpolar (the rotate around the pole. Circumpolar stars rotate around Polaris in the Northern Hemisphere. [Question]

Output: What do you call stars and constellations that never set?


Input: [Answer] horizontally [Question]

Output: How do the stars move at the North and South pole?


Input: [Answer] Vertically. [Question]

Output: How do that stars move at the equator?


Input: [Answer] Diagonally,on an arc across the sky. [Question]

Output: How do stars move at mid-latitudes?


Input: [Answer] Not in a day, but it will appear to have moved over the course of months or a year. [Question]

Output: Will the sun appear to move with respect to the constellations?


Input: [Answer] The zodiac. Ecliptic. [Question]

Output: What are the 12 constellations the sun moves through in a year called? What is this path called?


Input: [Answer] Why your sign is wrong. Rotation of the Earth's axis itself; makes one complete circle in about 26,000 years. [Question]

Output: Precession


Input: [Answer] Time for Earth to orbit once around the Sun, relative to fixed stars. It follows constellations. [Question]

Output: Sidereal year


Input: [Answer] Time it takes for the Earth to be in the same configuration with respect to the Sun again (as opposed to distant stars). It follows seasons. [Question]

Output: Tropical year


Input: [Answer] It will be a winter constellation [Question]

Output: What will happen to the "summer triangle" in 13,000 years?


Input: [Answer] Pattern of stars seen in Earth's sky which is not an official constellation. [Question]

Output: Asterism


Input: [Answer] Second brightest star in Orion [Question]

Output: Alpha Orionis


Input: [Answer] An early listing of nebulae, star clusters, and deep sky objects that might have been confused with comets by users of small telescopes [Question]

Output: Messier Catalog


Input: [Answer] Because big telescopes can only look at small portions of the sky. [Question]

Output: Why don't many professional astronomers know the constellations?


Input: [Answer] Position. [Question]

Output: The pattern of rotation that stars make in the sky depends on your _____.


Input: [Answer] The earth's rotation on its axis. [Question]

Output: What causes night and day?


Input: [Answer] Average time between consecutive "noontimes" [Question]

Output: Solar day


Input: [Answer] The revolution of the Earth around the Sun. [Question]

Output: What defines a year?


Input: [Answer] Path the Earth's motion around the Sun traces on the Celestial Sphere [Question]

Output: Ecliptic


Input: [Answer] True [Question]

Output: T/F The sun is lower in the sky in the winter.


Input: [Answer] Sun crosses the celestial equator (twice-- Spring & Fall) [Question]

Output: Equinoxes


Input: [Answer] Sun's farthest northernly or southernly position. (summer or winter) [Question]

Output: Solstices


Input: [Answer] Path that the sun follows in the sky. 23.5 degrees to the celestial equator [Question]

Output: Ecliptic


Input: [Answer] Summer solace [Question]

Output: Northernmost point above the celestial equator


Input: [Answer] Winter solace [Question]

Output: Southernmost point below the celestial equator


Input: [Answer] Vernal & autumnal equinoxes [Question]

Output: Points where paths cross celestial equator


Input: [Answer] Tropical year [Question]

Output: Time from one vernal equinox to the next


Input: [Answer] combination of day length and sunlight angle [Question]

Output: Season


Input: [Answer] Lunar phases, eclipses, tides [Question]

Output: Moon's revolution around the earth causes:


Input: [Answer] moon takes about 29.5 days to go through whole cycle of phases [Question]

Output: Synodic month


Input: [Answer] different amounts of sunlit portion being wisible from Earth [Question]

Output: Phases are due to


Input: [Answer] moon disapears [Question]

Output: Lunar Eclipse


Input: [Answer] sun disappears [Question]

Output: Solar Eclipse


Input: [Answer] the moon enters the shadow of the earth [Question]

Output: Lunar eclipses occur when


Input: [Answer] all sunlight blocked [Question]

Output: Umbra


Input: [Answer] only some sunlight blocked [Question]

Output: penumbra


Input: [Answer] all of moon in umbra [Question]

Output: total eclipse


Input: [Answer] only part of moon in umbra [Question]

Output: partial eclipse


Input: [Answer] moon only in penumbra [Question]

Output: penumbral eclipse


Input: [Answer] the Earth enters the shadow of the moon (moon blocks the sun" [Question]

Output: Solar eclipses occur when


Input: [Answer] moon doesnt cover the whole sun [Question]

Output: Annular eclipse


Input: [Answer] The moon's orbit around the Earth is tilted so the Earth's orbits and the Moon's orbits are not in the same plane. [Question]

Output: Why arent eclipses more frequent?


Input: [Answer] at least 2, no more than 5 [Question]

Output: # solar eclipses per year


Input: [Answer] maximum is 3 [Question]

Output: #Lunar eclipses per year


Input: [Answer] maximum is 7 [Question]

Output: # combined eclipses per year


Input: [Answer] 7 1/2 minutes [Question]

Output: maximum duration of Solar eclipse


Input: [Answer] 1 hour 47 minutes [Question]

Output: maximum duration of lunar eclipse


Input: [Answer] when tides from the sun and moon combine [Question]

Output: Spring tide


Input: [Answer] when the tides from the Sun and Moon counteract eachother [Question]

Output: Neap tide


Input: [Answer] 2 [Question]

Output: How many high tides are there per day?


Input: [Answer] New Moon & Full Moon [Question]

Output: Lunar phases during which tides are particularly strong


Input: [Answer] Asteroid belt [Question]

Output: Region between Mars and Jupiter


Input: [Answer] large chunks of rock and metal left over from the formation of the solar system [Question]

Output: Asteroids


Input: [Answer] small asteroids. most are less than 1mm in diameter [Question]

Output: Meteroids


Input: [Answer] flash you see when a meteoroid hits the Earth's atmosphere and gets burned up. [Question]

Output: Meteors


Input: [Answer] pieces of meteoroids that make it thought the Earth's atmosphere without burning up [Question]

Output: Meteorites


Input: [Answer] Dirty snowballs. Ice and rock mixed together [Question]

Output: Comets


Input: [Answer] Ion tail & dust tail. Point away from the sun. [Question]

Output: 2 comet tails


Input: [Answer] Kuiper Belt & Oort Cloud [Question]

Output: 2 primary reservoirs of comets


Input: [Answer] Flattened disk of solar system remnants out past Pluto. [Question]

Output: Kuiper Belt


Input: [Answer] Spherical distribution of material even darther [Question]

Output: Oort Cloud


Input: [Answer] Earth, Mercury, Mars, Venus [Question]

Output: The “Terrestrial Planets” include


Input: [Answer] AU [Question]

Output: Astronomers like to describe distances between planets in terms of


Input: [Answer] Venus [Question]

Output: Planet that spins backwards


Input: [Answer] Craters [Question]

Output: Mercury and Venus exhibit ________________, much like our Moon.


Input: [Answer] Cooler [Question]

Output: Mercury has extreme temperature differences from night to day, but is still _________than Venus, despite being closer to the Sun.


Input: [Answer] 2 years 3 rotations [Question]

Output: A day on Mercury takes ______ years, while undergoing _________ rotations.


Input: [Answer] Greenhouse [Question]

Output: Venus is so hot because of its very strong _______________ effect.


Input: [Answer] Magnetic North [Question]

Output: Oddly, the Earth’s _______________ north is not quite at the same place as the North Pole.


Input: [Answer] Magnetosphere [Question]

Output: The Earth’s ___________________ protects us from the Solar Wind.


Input: [Answer] Van Allen [Question]

Output: Some particles get trapped in the _________________ Belts.


Input: [Answer] an Aurora [Question]

Output: When these overflow, we see _______________.


Input: [Answer] Meteor [Question]

Output: Craters on the Moon are made by the same sort of ________________ impacts that we find on Earth.


Input: [Answer] Olympus Mons [Question]

Output: Largest volcano in the Solar System.


Input: [Answer] Photosphere [Question]

Output: While the Sun has no surface, the outer layer that we see is called the


Input: [Answer] layer just above the photosphere. Sort of the “lower atmosphere” [Question]

Output: Chromosphere


Input: [Answer] above the chromosphere. Sort of a hot upper atmosphere [Question]

Output: Corona


Input: [Answer] Dark blotches ont he surface of the sun [Question]

Output: Sunspots


Input: [Answer] Pairs of magnetic field lines [Question]

Output: Sunspots are linked by


Input: [Answer] the rotation of the sun drags magnetic field lines around with it [Question]

Output: What causes kinks?


Input: [Answer] varies with time. 11 year cycle [Question]

Output: Number of sunspots


Input: [Answer] Dark sunspots result [Question]

Output: What happens when the sun's magnetic field prevents hot, ionized material from rising?


Input: [Answer] after 11 years [Question]

Output: When does the Sun's northern magnetic pole become the southern magnetic pole?


Input: [Answer] eruptions in the Sun's atmosphere that cause energetic particles to escape from the sun [Question]

Output: Solar Flares


Input: [Answer] emits charged particles that can affect the Earth [Question]

Output: Coronal mass ejection


Input: [Answer] nuclear fusion [Question]

Output: How do stars shine?


Input: [Answer] the extra mass is converted to energy according the Einsteins famous formula, E=mc2 [Question]

Output: Nuclear fusion


Input: [Answer] Fusion keeps stars from collapsing under their own weight. Pressure from the outflowing hot gas balances the pressure of gravity [Question]

Output: Hydrostatic Equilibrium


Input: [Answer] big bang [Question]

Output: Stellar evolution


Input: [Answer] its distance from the Earth [Question]

Output: A stars brightness is effected by


Input: [Answer] Move 2x as far from a light and it gets 4x dimmer [Question]

Output: Inverse square Law


Input: [Answer] Color of a star is indicative of its temperature. Red- cool Blue- Hot [Question]

Output: Temperature of stars


Input: [Answer] any plot of brightness vs. color or temperature is and HR diagram [Question]

Output: Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram


Input: [Answer] 90% [Question]

Output: Percent of stars on "main sequence"


Input: [Answer] 9% [Question]

Output: Percent of stars are red giants


Input: [Answer] 1% [Question]

Output: Percent of stars are white dwarfs


Input: [Answer] dwarfs [Question]

Output: Main sequence stars are also called


Input: [Answer] much bigger than the sun, coolest [Question]

Output: Red Giants


Input: [Answer] bigger and brighter then the average giants [Question]

Output: Supergiants


Input: [Answer] Much smaller than the sun, very hot but not very bright, remnants of dead or dying stars [Question]

Output: White Dwarfs


Input: [Answer] star blown into smithereens [Question]

Output: supernova


Input: [Answer] supernova remnant [Question]

Output: nebula


Input: [Answer] type of neutron star emitting regular pulses of light [Question]

Output: Pulsars


Input: [Answer] New stars form [Question]

Output: What happens when compressed gas from stars collides?


Input: [Answer] when two unequal size galaxies collide and merge [Question]

Output: Galactic Cannicalism


Input: [Answer] Active galaxies [Question]

Output: Quasars


Input: [Answer] black holes [Question]

Output: Most big galaxies have supermassive _______ in their centers


Input: [Answer] A hot disk of material that spirals into the black hole. the disk shines brighter than the galaxy itself [Question]

Output: During a merger, what happens when fuel is fed into a black hole?


Input: [Answer] black hole surrounded by an accretion disk [Question]

Output: Energy source of a Quasar


Input: [Answer] about 13.7 billion years ago [Question]

Output: When did the universe begin?


Input: [Answer] study of the origin, structure, and evolution of the universe [Question]

Output: Cosmology


Input: [Answer] all matter, energy, and spacetime [Question]

Output: Universe


Input: [Answer] Matter is uniformly spread throughout space [Question]

Output: Homogeneity


Input: [Answer] Universe looks the same in every direction [Question]

Output: Isotrophy


Input: [Answer] any observer in any part of the universe sees the same general features [Question]

Output: cosmological principle


Input: [Answer] If the universe is homogeneous, isotropic, infinite, and unchanging, the entire sky should be as bright as the surface of the Sun [Question]

Output: Olber's Paradox


Input: [Answer] The universe is homogeneous and isotropic, it must not be infinite or unchanging [Question]

Output: Why is it dark at night?


Input: [Answer] The universe is not unchanging, it is expanding [Question]

Output: Hubble Flow


Input: [Answer] motion through space-time [Question]

Output: Doppler effect


Input: [Answer] The amount of product that forms when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory. [Question]

Output: Actual Yield


Input: [Answer] A reagent present in a quantity that is more that sufficent to react with the limiting reagent [Question]

Output: Excess Reagent


Input: [Answer] any reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction. [Question]

Output: limiting reagent


Input: [Answer] the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage. [Question]

Output: percent yield


Input: [Answer] the portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relationships in chemical reactions [Question]

Output: stoichiomentry


Input: [Answer] the amount of product that could form during a reaction calculated from a balanced chemical equation [Question]

Output: theoretical yield


Input: [stem] archy [definition]

Output: government


Input: [stem] ard [definition]

Output: always


Input: [stem] cide [definition]

Output: kill


Input: [stem] ician [definition]

Output: specialist


Input: [stem] itis [definition]

Output: inflammation


Input: [stem] aqua [definition]

Output: water


Input: [stem] audi [definition]

Output: hear


Input: [stem] bell [definition]

Output: war


Input: [stem] cap [definition]

Output: take


Input: [stem] cise [definition]

Output: cut


Input: [stem] bio [definition]

Output: life


Input: [stem] auto [definition]

Output: self


Input: [stem] port [definition]

Output: carry


Input: [stem] scrib [definition]

Output: write


Input: [stem] logy [definition]

Output: science


Input: [stem] dict [definition]

Output: say


Input: [stem] cred [definition]

Output: believe


Input: [stem] cent [definition]

Output: one hundred


Input: [stem] neo [definition]

Output: new


Input: [stem] ad [definition]

Output: to


Input: [stem] cede [definition]

Output: go


Input: [stem] miss [definition]

Output: send


Input: [stem] centri [definition]

Output: center


Input: [stem] biblio [definition]

Output: book


Input: [stem] anthropo [definition]

Output: man


Input: [Answer] an understanding of differing points of view [Question]

Output: audience awareness


Input: [Answer] In a persuasive paper, the restatement of each argument, highlighting strongest point, "call to action"-in final paragraph [Question]

Output: conclusion


Input: [Answer] In a persuasive essay, the first paragraph, which includes a lead and clear issue statement. [Question]

Output: introduction


Input: [Answer] an important matter that needs to be examined and resolved [Question]

Output: issue


Input: [Answer] a sentence in a persuasive essay's introduction that presents the issue or question that is the focus of the paper [Question]

Output: issue statement


Input: [Answer] usually the first sentence in a persuasive essay, which should attract the reader's attention and encourage him/her to read on [Question]

Output: lead


Input: [Answer] a strong reason to agree with the author of a persuasive essay [Question]

Output: main argument


Input: [Answer] a graphic organizer with spaces for the introduction, arguments, details, and conclusion [Question]

Output: persuasive pillar


Input: [Answer] specific opinion or perspective on an issue [Question]

Output: point of view


Input: [Answer] attitude, opinion, or stand on an issue [Question]

Output: position


Input: [Answer] a question in which the answer is implied [Question]

Output: rhetorical question


Input: [Answer] mood, feeling, attitude, or sentiment of a piece of writing (examples: serious, funny, hopeful, etc.) [Question]

Output: tone


Input: [Answer] purpose [Question]

Output: What does P in PASS stand for?


Input: [Answer] audience [Question]

Output: What does A in PASS stand for?


Input: [Answer] subject [Question]

Output: What does the first S in PASS stand for?


Input: [Answer] structure [Question]

Output: What does the second S in PASS stand for?


Input: [Term] Retained Earnings [Definition]

Output: An amount earned by a corporation an not yet distributed to stockholders.


Input: [Term] Dividends [Definition]

Output: Earnings distributed to stockholders.


Input: [Term] Board of Directors [Definition]

Output: A group of persons elected by the stockholders to manage a corporation.


Input: [Term] Declaring a Dividend [Definition]

Output: Action by a board of directors to distribute corporate earnings to stockholders.


Input: [Term] Merchandise Inventory [Definition]

Output: The amount of goods on hand for sale to customers.


Input: [Term] Uncollectible Accounts [Definition]

Output: Accounts receivable that cannot be collected.


Input: [Term] Allowance Method of Recording losses from Uncollectible Accounts [Definition]

Output: Crediting the estimated value of uncollectible accounts to a contra account.


Input: [Term] Book Value [Definition]

Output: The difference between an asset's account balance and its related contra account balance.


Input: [Term] Book Value of Accounts Receivable [Definition]

Output: The difference between the balance of Accounts Receivable and its contra account, Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts.


Input: [Term] Current Assets [Definition]

Output: Cash and other Assets expected to be exchanged for cash or consumed within a year.


Input: [Term] Plant Assets [Definition]

Output: Assets that will be used for a number of years in the operation of a business.


Input: [Term] Depreciation Expense [Definition]

Output: The portion of a plant asset's cost that is transferred to an expense account in each fiscal period during a plant asset's useful life.


Input: [Term] Estimated Salvage Value [Definition]

Output: The amount an owner expects to receive when a plant asset is removed from use.


Input: [Term] Straight - Line method of Depreciation [Definition]

Output: Charging an equal amount of depreciation expense for a plant asset for a plant asset in each year of useful life.


Input: [Term] Accumulated Depreciation [Definition]

Output: The total amount of depreciation expense that has been recorded since the purchase of a plant asset.


Input: [Term] Book Value of a Plant Asset [Definition]

Output: The original cost of a plant asset minus accumulated depreciation.


Input: [Question] ad valorem tax [Answer]

Output: A tax imposed on the value of property. The most common ad valorem tax is that imposed by states, counties, and cities on real estate. Ad valorem taxes can be imposed on personal property as well.


Input: [Question] correspondence audit [Answer]

Output: audit conducted by the IRS by mail. The IRS writes the taxpayer req verification of a particular deduction or exemption. The completion of a special form or the remittance of copies of records or other support is all that is requested of the taxpayer.


Input: [Question] death tax [Answer]

Output: A tax imposed on property transferred by the death of the owner.


Input: [Question] employment taxes [Answer]

Output: taxes that an employer must pay on acct of its employees; incl FICA (Fed Ins Cont Act) and FUTA (Fed Unemp Tax Act). taxes are paid to the IRS in addition to income tax withholdings at specified intervals. Such taxes levied on the emp/employer/both.


Input: [Question] estate tax [Answer]

Output: A tax imposed on the right to transfer property by death. Thus, an estate tax is levied on the decedent’s estate and not on the heir receiving the property.


Input: [Question] excise tax [Answer]

Output: A tax on the manufacture, sale, or use of goods; on the carrying on of an occupation or activity; or on the transfer of property. Thus, the Federal estate and gift taxes are, theoretically, excise taxes


Input: [Question] FICA tax (Fed Ins Cont Act) - Social Security Tax [Answer]

Output: comp of Soc Sec tax and Medic tax; imp on both employers/employees. employer resp for w/hold from the employee wage the Soc Sec tax rate of 6.2% on a max wage base of $106,800 and the Medicare tax rate of 1.45% The empl is req to match the employee cont


Input: [Question] field audit [Answer]

Output: An audit conducted by the IRS on the business premises of the taxpayer or in the office of the tax practitioner representing the taxpayer.


Input: [Question] flat tax [Answer]

Output: In its pure form, a flat tax would eliminate all exclusions, deductions, and credits and impose a one-rate tax on gross income.


Input: [Question] franchise tax [Answer]

Output: A tax levied on the right to do business in a state as a corporation. Although income considerations may come into play, the tax usually is based on the capitalization of the corporation.


Input: [Question] FUTA tax [Answer]

Output: An employment tax levied on employers; administered by the Federal and state governments, the tax provides funding for unemployment benefits.


Input: [Question] gift tax [Answer]

Output: A tax imposed on the transfer of property by gift. The tax is imposed upon the donor of a gift and is based on the fair market value of the property on the date of the gift.


Input: [Question] inheritance tax [Answer]

Output: A tax imposed on the right to receive property from a decedent. Thus, theoretically, an inheritance tax is imposed on the heir. The Federal estate tax is imposed on the estate.


Input: [Question] national sales tax [Answer]

Output: replacement for the current Federal income tax. Unlike a value added tax (VAT), which is levied on the manufacturer, its imposed on cons upon final sale of goods/serv. To keep the tax from being regressive, low-income taxpayers would be granted credit


Input: [Question] occupational tax has occupational fees [Answer]

Output: A tax imposed on various trades or businesses. A license fee that enables a taxpayer to engage in a particular occupation.


Input: [Question] office audit [Answer]

Output: An audit conducted by the IRS in the agent’s office.


Input: [Question] personality [Answer]

Output: All property that is not attached to real estate (realty) and is movable. Examples of personalty are machinery, automobiles, clothing, household furnishings, inventory, and personal effects.


Input: [Question] revenue neutrality [Answer]

Output: A description that characterizes tax legislation when it neither increases nor decreases the revenue result. Thus, any tax revenue losses are offset by tax revenue gains.


Input: [Question] sales tax [Answer]

Output: state/local tax on the retail sale of specified prop; purch pays tax, but the seller collects it, as an agent for the gov. Var tax juris allow exemp for purchases of specific items. If the purch and seller are in dif states, a use tax usually applies.


Input: [Question] severance tax [Answer]

Output: A tax imposed upon the extraction of natural resources.


Input: [Question] statute of limitations [Answer]

Output: Prov of the law that specify the maximum period of time in which action may be taken on a past event. Code §§ 6501–6504 contain the limitation periods applicable to the IRS for additional assessments, and §§ 6511–6515 relate to refund claims by taxpayers


Input: [Question] sunset provision [Answer]

Output: prov attc to new tax legis that will cause legis to exp at spec date. Sunset prov attac to tax cut bills for long-term budg reason to make effect temp. Once in play, the tax cut is rescinded and form law is reinst.


Input: [Question] use tax [Answer]

Output: A sales tax that is collectible by the seller where the purchaser is domiciled in a different state.


Input: [Question] VAT - Value Added Tax [Answer]

Output: A national sales tax that taxes the increment in value as goods move through the production process. A VAT is much used in other countries but has not yet been incorporated as part of the U.S. Federal tax structure.


Input: [Question] wherewithal to pay [Answer]

Output: recog the inequity of taxing a trans when the taxpayer lacks means with which to pay tax; there is a correlation bet the imposition of tax and ability to pay tax; partic suited to situat in which the taxpayer’s econ pos has not chg sig as result of trans


Input: [Answer] cautious; wary [Question]

Output: chary


Input: [Answer] careful and cautious before acting [Question]

Output: circumspect


Input: [Answer] relating to doing what one knows is right; scrupulous [Question]

Output: conscientious


Input: [Answer] requiring a great deal of care or effort; painstaking [Question]

Output: exacting


Input: [Answer] very carefully [Question]

Output: gingerly


Input: [Answer] paying careful attention to [Question]

Output: heedful


Input: [Answer] very careful; fussy; finicky [Question]

Output: meticulous


Input: [Answer] showing great care and honesty, based on personal belief of what is right and proper [Question]

Output: scrupulous


Input: [Answer] carefully alert and watchful [Question]

Output: vigilant


Input: [Answer] cautious, careful [Question]

Output: wary


Input: [Question] What aer the following Nematodes (round worms) Cestodes (tape worms) Trematodes (Flukes) [Answer]

Output: Helminths


Input: [Question] Do adult worms generally multiply in human hosts [Answer]

Output: NO


Input: [Question] SInce adult worms don't generally multiply in human hosts what can be infered from the number of adult worms living in the host [Answer]

Output: Implies the number of eggs or larvae that were ingested


Input: [Question] How are the s/sx linked to "worm burden" [Answer]

Output: patient with only a few adults may be asymptomatic while those with a high infection load will have clinical s/sx


Input: [Question] What are the following Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) Ascaris lumbricoides (Roundworm) Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: Nematodes


Input: [Question] This organism has -seperate sexes -male is smaller than female -adults are 30-50mm long tubular alimentary tract which can be 2/3 lenght of worm, mouth is simple lacking lips -absent excretory sys -oviparous [Answer]

Output: Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)


Input: [Question] how do you get infected with Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: ingest fecal contaminated soil or food


Input: [Question] what does Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) do in the GI tract [Answer]

Output: burrows into intestinal mucosa w/ ant. end and consumes blood cells. Usually causes negligible loss of blood


Input: [Question] where in the US are you most likely going to see children infected w/ Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: Southeastern US infection rate is as high as 20-25%


Input: [Question] what are the s/sx of a light infection vs heavy infection w/ Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: Light- asympto Heavy- epigastric pain, vomiting, distention, flatulence, anorexia, and weight loss may occur Secere cases may develop blood and mucous in stools


Input: [Question] what are some of the complications associated w/ Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: secondary bacterial infections allergic responses resulting in colitis, proctitis, prolapse of rectum


Input: [Question] how do you dx Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: eggs in stool


Input: [Question] What type of immune response do you see to Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: induces an IgE response and hypereosinophilia mast cell activation may lead to increase in allergic responses and symptoms


Input: [Question] what tx would be appropriate for infection w/ Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) [Answer]

Output: mebendazole (vermox)- irreversibly blocks glucose uptake and other nutrients in adult intestine where helminths dwell Albendazole- decreases whipworm ATP production


Input: [Question] What do the s/sx of Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) look like that may confuse dx [Answer]

Output: hookworm infections amebiasis acute appendicitis chronic anemia


Input: [Question] This organism has -seperate sexes -male is smaller than Female -adults are 2-13mm long -Eggs are laid externally in perianal area - Have a conspicuous muscular bulb on posterior end of esophagus -have three lips surrounding the mouth [Answer]

Output: Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)


Input: [Question] how do you get infected w/ Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) [Answer]

Output: fecal oral route person to person transmission is high especially among kids


Input: [Question] Why do you get a high incidence of hand to nail contamination and spreading of Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) [Answer]

Output: female lays eggs perianal causes itiching leading to scratching and people getting poopy infected fingernails and hands


Input: [Question] what are the s/sx of infection w/Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) [Answer]

Output: intense nocturnal perianal itching insomnia children too young to talk may show restlessness and irritability at night


Input: [Question] what complications can you see in females w/ Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) [Answer]

Output: can migrate to vagina causing secondary bacterial UTI


Input: [Question] what complication can you see from the scratching associated w/ Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) infection [Answer]

Output: can lead to secondary bacterial infections


Input: [Question] How do you dx Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) [Answer]

Output: tape test from perianal region reveals eggs.


Input: [Question] What immune response is rare to Enterobius Vermicularis ( pinworm) infections [Answer]

Output: Eosionophilia and elevated IgE are rare


Input: [Question] What is the tx for Enterobius Vermicularis ( pinworm) infections [Answer]

Output: Mebendazole Albendazole


Input: [Question] What could be your initial dx in place of Enterobius Vermicularis ( pinworm) infections because they also show perianal itiching as a s/sx but will test negative with tape test [Answer]

Output: Hemorrhoidal Diseases Perianal infections dermatitis


Input: [Question] Organism that has seperate sexes with adults 15-35cm long [Answer]

Output: Ascaris lumbricoides


Input: [Question] What is the source of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides [Answer]

Output: Fecal Oral Contamination


Input: [Question] How long can adult Ascaris lumbricoides live i nthe intestines [Answer]

Output: 6-24 months


Input: [Question] Apart from the colon where else can they be found [Answer]

Output: they can migrate to appendix, hepatobiliary system, or pancreatic ducts


Input: [Question] What is one complication that Ascaris lumbricoides can cause with a mass infestation [Answer]

Output: they can cause complete bowel obstruction


Input: [Question] How long does it take from ingestion until they worms hatch and are making new eggs [Answer]

Output: about 9 weeks. 3 more weeks and eggs start molting and can infect a new host


Input: [Question] What are the s/sx of infection w/ Ascaris lumbricoides [Answer]

Output: Usually asymptomatic but may develop General Symptoms -Fever -Jaundice (in biliary obstruction) -Chachexia (due to malnutrition) -Mental Retardation (due to malnutrition)


Input: [Question] What s/sx may be seen during larval maturation [Answer]

Output: Pulmonary symptoms -wheezing -rales -diminished breath sounds -dyspnea -hemoptysis


Input: [Question] What abdominal symptoms may be present with Ascaris lumbricoides infection [Answer]

Output: abdominal tenderness appendicitis or right upper quadrant tenderness with hepatobiliary infections peritoneal signs in cases of bowel perforation


Input: [Question] What is Loeffler's syndrome [Answer]

Output: Bening acute eosinophilic pneumonia of unknown cause characterizied by migrating pulmonary infiltrates and minimal clinical manifestations


Input: [Question] What is larva migrans [Answer]

Output: infection with dog or cat species of Ascarid larvae since they can't mature in host they migrate through the tissue and encyst as second stage larvae leaving hemorrhagic necrosis and eosinophilic and lymphocityic infiltration


Input: [Question] How do you dx Ascaris lumbricoides infections [Answer]

Output: eggs in stool eosinophilia at early infection sputum may show larva at early infection


Input: [Question] what is the tx for Ascaris lumbricoides infections [Answer]

Output: albendazole mebendazole pyrantel pamoate- depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent inhibits cholinesterases, resulting in spastic paralysis of worm piperazine citrate- block ACH response in worm flaccid paralysis


Input: [Question] What can Ascaris lumbricoides infections appear as [Answer]

Output: acute appendicitis allergic asthma cholangitis cholecystitis or biliary cholic hookworm infection bowel obstruction pancreatitis strongyloides Stercoralis infection


Input: [Question] These organisms have seperate sexes 6-12mm long and can be divided into two groups based on morphology of oral cavity [Answer]

Output: Necator americanus- has dorsal and ventral cutting plates and Ancylostoma duodenale- has four sharp tooth like structures (Hookworm)


Input: [Question] what is the source of infection with Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) [Answer]

Output: direct contact by walking barefoot through contaminated soil or ingestion of human fecal matter


Input: [Question] What are the s/sx of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) [Answer]

Output: most asymptomatic ground itch- induce pruritic maculopapular dermatitis at site of entry -transient pneumonitis may develop while larvae migrate through lungs Early intestinal phase- may have epigastric pain, inflammatory diarrhea and eosinophilia


Input: [Question] what is the progression of infection of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) [Answer]

Output: 1 eggs are passed in stool 2 larvae hatch grow in soil 3 5-10 days are infective 4 on contact w/ human penetrate skin and use veins to heart and lungs. they penetrate alveoli and climb bronchial tree to pharynx then are swallowed get to GI tract to fe


Input: [Question] what is the primary syndrome associated w/ Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) infections [Answer]

Output: iron deficiency anemia extreme weakness, SOB, skin depigmentation Cardiac Complications can also occur during INTERCURRENT infections impaired physical, mental, and sexual dev. in children occult blood in stool


Input: [Question] What is Cutaneous Larva Migrans [Answer]

Output: Dog or cat hookworms enter skin and are unable to complete life cycle they encyst in tissue and may cause serpiginous erythematous tracts in tissue.


Input: [Question] How do you dx Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) infections [Answer]

Output: eggs in fresh stool. larvae in old stool


Input: [Question] What can occur immuninity wise while larvae of hookworm is migrating through the body [Answer]

Output: eosinophilia


Input: [Question] What is the tx for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) infections [Answer]

Output: albendazole mebendazole pyrantel pamoate


Input: [Question] What may be necessary tx for hookworm infections because of the anemia that can develop [Answer]

Output: may need blood transfusion and long term treatment with ferrous sulfate until hemoglobin levels become normal


Input: [Question] What other differential diagnosis could you come up with to explain the anemia caused by Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) infections [Answer]

Output: parvovirus B19 Chronic Malaria Genetic Causes etc.


Input: [Question] This organism has free-living and parasitic life cycles can cause auto infection has separate sexes and are about 2mm long [Answer]

Output: Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)


Input: [Question] What is the source of infection of Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) [Answer]

Output: direct contact with contaminated soil or eating contaminated soil


Input: [Question] What is the progression of infection of Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) [Answer]

Output: infection through feet or ingestion colonization of bowel and maturation can spread to lymphatics, blood stream and other organs (causing tissue abscessess, granulomas, or sepsis from normal GI flora escaping with worms)


Input: [Question] What are s/sx of Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) infections [Answer]

Output: Often asymptomatic Ground Itch, petechial hemorrhages and edema at site of entry cough and loeffler's syndrome during larva migration through lungs Chronic Diarrhea- watery mucousy stool but may contain blood Alternate between diarrhea and constipati


Input: [Question] When do you most often see dissemination of Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) into tissue other than the bowel [Answer]

Output: in immune compromised or debilitation by concurrent disease or malnutrition.


Input: [Question] What is larva currens [Answer]

Output: Occurs on trunk or near anus where a linear eruption shows up where larvae are migrating under skin near the surface. Causing a non indurated wheal with red flare to appear moves rapidly and DISAPPEARS IN A FEW HOURS


Input: [Question] how do you dx Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) [Answer]

Output: larva in stool or bowel fluids


Input: [Question] Blood eosinophilia is usually present during acute and chronic stages, but may be absent during dissemination and levels may fluctuate constantly [Answer]

Output: Immunity rxn associated with Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) infections


Input: [Question] What is the tx for Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) infections [Answer]

Output: Ivermectin- causes tonic paralysis of helminth musculature Albendazole Thiabendzaole


Input: [Question] What else can Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) be dx as because of similar s/sx [Answer]

Output: hookworm infections amebiasis enteric viral infection other diarrhea or rash inducing agents


Input: [Question] What is a Proglottids [Answer]

Output: One segment of a tapeworm body


Input: [Question] What is a cystercerci [Answer]

Output: tissue cysts of larva


Input: [Question] What type of organism are Taeniasis T. solium (pig tapeworm) T. saginata (beef tapeworm) [Answer]

Output: Cestodes (segmented worms)


Input: [Question] How long can T. Saginata get [Answer]

Output: 3-8m long


Input: [Question] How long can T. Soluim grown [Answer]

Output: up to 3m


Input: [Question] How can you get T. Solium [Answer]

Output: Eating undercooked PORK


Input: [Question] How can you get T. Saginata [Answer]

Output: Eating undercooked BEEF


Input: [Question] How do Taeniasis infections progress [Answer]

Output: Ingestion of cystercerci in meat -worm matures in intestines and releases proglottids filled with eggs Eating eggs can lead to tissue invasion and cystercerci formation most common in brain


Input: [Question] where is the most common place that cystercerci form from Taeniasis infections [Answer]

Output: the brain


Input: [Question] What are the s/sx of Taeniasis infections [Answer]

Output: LIKELY TO BE ASYMPTOMATIC epigastric discomfort nausea sensation of hunger diarrhea


Input: [Question] How do you dx Taeniasis infections [Answer]

Output: detection of eggs or proglottids in stool Cystercerci, Plain films reveal calcified puffed rice lessions in tissue


Input: [Question] What is the tx fro taneiasis infections [Answer]

Output: Albendazole Praziquantel- incites damage to parasite's skin internally to make it disintegrate


Input: [Question] What can Taeniasis infections appear as in differnetial dx [Answer]

Output: tuberculoma brain absces arachnoid cyst tumor toxoplasmic encephalitis


Input: [Question] what are the following Clonorchis sinensis Opisthorchis viverrini Opisthorchis felineus [Answer]

Output: Biliary duct dwelling trematodes


Input: [Question] what is fasciola hepatica [Answer]

Output: Liver dwelling trematode


Input: [Question] Infection of this organism is humans is limited to digenetic trematode -reproduces sexually in humans Eggs reach water they can -infective definitive host -seek out secondary host -encyst on vvegitation Has 2 grasping suckers are hermaphrodites [Answer]

Output: Trematode (Fluke)


Input: [Question] What is the source of infection w/ biliary infections [Answer]

Output: ingest poorly cooked, pickled or smoked fish may infect entire populations in endemic areas may be infected


Input: [Question] What is the source of infection w/ liver infections [Answer]

Output: ingestion of metacercariae encysted on aquatic plants (watercress)


Input: [Question] What is the progression of infection w/ biliary Trematode (Fluke) [Answer]

Output: Excyst in small intestine, migrate through ampulla of Vater into biliary ducts -worm lead to adenomatous hyperplasia, inflammation and duct obstruction


Input: [Question] What is the progression of infection w/ liver Trematode (Fluke) [Answer]

Output: Excyst in duodenum, pass through intestines into peritoneum, invade liver through glisson's capsule Granulomatous rxns, duct obstruction etc may occur


Input: [Question] What are the s/sx with biliary fluke infection [Answer]

Output: acute infections noted by fever, eosinophilia, and hepatomegaly -heavy worm burden may lead to constitutional complaints and symptoms associated w/ cholelithiasis and pancreatitis


Input: [Question] HOw can you dx biliary Trematode (Fluke) infections [Answer]

Output: Ova can be identified in stools, dilation of ducts by imaging


Input: [Question] What are the s/sx of liver Trematode (Fluke) infection [Answer]

Output: fever, hepatomegaly, and/or abdominal pain Nausea, cough, diarrhea, and urticaria are also common Periods of Jaundice


Input: [Question] How would you dx infection with liver Trematode (Fluke) [Answer]

Output: Fever, hepatomegaly or liver pain with proper clinicaal setting -serology as ova may not be detected in stool


Input: [Question] What are the common immune profile of Trematode (Fluke) infections w. heavy worm load [Answer]

Output: Eosinophilia and fever


Input: [Question] What is the tx for biliary Trematode (Fluke) [Answer]

Output: Praziquantel


Input: [Question] what is the tx for liver Trematode (Fluke) [Answer]

Output: Bithionol- inhibits phosphorylation in the parasite leading to blockade of ATP synthesis.


Input: [Question] What could you confuse Trematode (Fluke) infection w/ [Answer]

Output: hepatitis cholelithiasis pancreatitis amebiasis


Input: [Question] Review slide 83 [Answer]

Output: really review it


Input: [Question] A structure, behavior, or trait that helps an organism survive [Answer]

Output: adaptation


Input: [Question] A large body or bubble of air that has the same temperature all the way through it [Answer]

Output: air mass


Input: [Question] an object's height above sea level [Answer]

Output: altitude


Input: [Question] a change in an object's speed [Answer]

Output: acceleration


Input: [Question] to examine the parts of [Answer]

Output: analyze


Input: [Question] the layer of air between Earth's surface and outer space [Answer]

Output: atmosphere


Input: [Question] an animal that lives in water when young and on land when an adult [Answer]

Output: amphibian


Input: [Question] a weather insturment that measures wind speed [Answer]

Output: anemometer


Input: [Question] an animal that has a hard outer skeleton and legs with joints [Answer]

Output: arthropod


Input: [Question] a large flat surface on the ocean floor [Answer]

Output: abyssal plain


Input: [Question] the presence of harmful substances in the air [Answer]

Output: air pollution


Input: [Question] the weight of air pushing on everything around it [Answer]

Output: air pressure


Input: [Question] a large space rock that orbits the sun [Answer]

Output: asteroid


Input: [Question] an imaginary line that passes from the North Pole to the South Pole through the center of Earth [Answer]

Output: axis


Input: [Question] a graph that uses bars to compare the same kind of data for different things [Answer]

Output: bar graph


Input: [Question] a weather instrument that measures air pressure [Answer]

Output: barometer


Input: [Question] something an organism does in response to its environment [Answer]

Output: behavior


Input: [Question] fuel that comes from plants and animals [Answer]

Output: biomass


Input: [Question] the boiling point of water in celsius [Answer]

Output: 100 degrees


Input: [Question] the boiling point of water in fahrenheit [Answer]

Output: 212 degrees


Input: [Question] the freezing point of water in celsius [Answer]

Output: 0 degrees


Input: [Question] the freezing point of water in fahrenheit [Answer]

Output: 32 degrees


Input: [Question] the upward push of a liquid or gas on an object [Answer]

Output: buoyant force


Input: [Question] the shape, color, or pattern of an animal that helps it blend in with its surroundings [Answer]

Output: camouflage


Input: [Question] a gas needed by plants for photosynthesis [Answer]

Output: carbon dioxide


Input: [Question] an animal that eats only meat [Answer]

Output: carnivore


Input: [Question] a graph that compares parts to the whole [Answer]

Output: circle or pie graph


Input: [Question] a closed path through which electricity travels [Answer]

Output: circuit


Input: [Question] all of the living things in an ecosystem [Answer]

Output: community


Input: [Question] the struggle between two organisms to obtain the same resource [Answer]

Output: competition


Input: [Question] a feature that helps an organism survive [Answer]

Output: characteristic


Input: [Question] a region in which particles are bunched together [Answer]

Output: compression


Input: [Question] a judgement supported by fact [Answer]

Output: conclusion


Input: [Question] when a substance changes from liquid to gas [Answer]

Output: condensation


Input: [Question] a material that allows energy to travel through it easily or quickly [Answer]

Output: conductor


Input: [Question] the careful use and protection of natural resources [Answer]

Output: conservation


Input: [Question] an organism that feeds on other organisms [Answer]

Output: consumer


Input: [Question] a feature that does not change in an experiment [Answer]

Output: control


Input: [Question] an enormous,slowly moving landmass that floats on Earth's surface [Answer]

Output: continent


Input: [Question] the flow of charges through a circuit [Answer]

Output: current


Input: [Question] the smallest living part of an organism [Answer]

Output: cell


Input: [Question] a green substance in plant leaves that captures the energy in sunlight [Answer]

Output: chlorophyll


Input: [Question] a high feathery cloud made of ice crystals [Answer]

Output: cirrus cloud


Input: [Question] the grouping of organisms based on their simliarities and differences [Answer]

Output: classification


Input: [Question] the leading side or edge of a moving mass of cooler air [Answer]

Output: cold front


Input: [Question] a mountain sized chunk of ice and dust that orbits the sun [Answer]

Output: comet


Input: [Question] populations of different kinds (species) of organisms that live in the same place at the same time [Answer]

Output: community


Input: [Question] a tool that uses a magnetized pointer to show north [Answer]

Output: compass


Input: [Question] a lens that is thinner in the center and thicker at the edges. It bends light outwards. [Answer]

Output: concave


Input: [Question] a lens that is thicker in the middle and thinner on the edges. It bends light inwards. [Answer]

Output: convex


Input: [Question] when a gas changes to a liquid [Answer]

Output: condensation


Input: [Question] The very center of earth. [Answer]

Output: inner core


Input: [Question] Earth's outer layer. [Answer]

Output: the crust


Input: [Question] a jellylike liquid that fills most of a cell [Answer]

Output: cytoplasm


Input: [Question] Information that is collected. [Answer]

Output: data


Input: [Question] an organism that gets energy by feeding on dead material and wastes [Answer]

Output: decomposer


Input: [Question] the amount of mass in a substance [Answer]

Output: density


Input: [Question] a biome with very little rain and few plants. May be hot or cold. [Answer]

Output: desert


Input: [Question] to disperse [Answer]

Output: to scatter


Input: [Question] to mix evenly and separate into particles too small to be seen. [Answer]

Output: dissolve


Input: [Question] something that can be measured using a ruler [Answer]

Output: distance


Input: [Question] a period of dryness [Answer]

Output: drought


Input: [Question] one object in space casting its shadow on another object in space [Answer]

Output: eclipse


Input: [Question] all of the living and nonliving things that interact with each other in an environment [Answer]

Output: ecoystem


Input: [Question] a magnet made by wrapping a wire around a metal object such as a nail and sending a current through it by attaching it to a battery [Answer]

Output: electromagnet


Input: [Question] what organisms get from food [Answer]

Output: energy


Input: [Question] an organism's surroundings [Answer]

Output: environment


Input: [Question] these are caused when earth's plate move [Answer]

Output: earthquakes


Input: [Question] when rocks or soil is worn away by wind, water, or ice [Answer]

Output: erosion


Input: [Question] when a liquid becomes a gas [Answer]

Output: evaporation


Input: [Question] no longer living on earth [Answer]

Output: extinct


Input: [Question] a flattened oval circle [Answer]

Output: ellipse


Input: [Question] a diagram that shows the amount of energy passed on at each level of a food chain [Answer]

Output: energy pyramid


Input: [Question] the surroundings an organism lives in [Answer]

Output: environment


Input: [Question] an imaginary line that circles earth halfway between the North and South poles [Answer]

Output: eguator


Input: [Question] a hard outer covering that protects an animal's soft body parts inside [Answer]

Output: exoskeleton


Input: [Question] a crack in earth's crust [Answer]

Output: fault


Input: [Question] a device used to separate the parts of a mixture by passing the mixture through it [Answer]

Output: filter


Input: [Question] a cloud that forms close to the ground [Answer]

Output: fog


Input: [Question] mountains that formed when land was squeezed together [Answer]

Output: folded mountain


Input: [Question] the path of food energy from one organism to another [Answer]

Output: food chain


Input: [Question] overlapping food chains that shows different paths the energy flows [Answer]

Output: food web


Input: [Question] a push or a pull [Answer]

Output: force


Input: [Question] the remains or traces of an organism that lived long ago [Answer]

Output: fossil