Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/L/LichenPlanus1.jpg [Answer]

Output: Lichen planus: White striae of right buccal muocsa.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/M/MucusRetention1.jpg [Answer]

Output: Mucous retention phenomenon; mucocele - Salivary extravasation phenomenon: A well circumscribed blue compressible enlargement of the commissure area. The lesion does not blanch upon pressure.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/B/BMMP11B.jpg [Answer]

Output: Mucous membrane pemphigoid demonstrating gingival erythema.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/S/SCCEryth1.jpg [Answer]

Output: Squamous cell carcinoma (superficially invasive): A nontender erythematous pebbly plaque is present on the left soft palate and tonsillar pillar area.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/F/FordyceGran1.jpg [Answer]

Output: Fordyce granules: Note the yellow plaques with a smooth surface. Fordyce granules represent sebaceous glands and are not pathologic.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/H/Hemangioma3.jpg [Answer]

Output: Hemangioma: Purple compressible lesion of the left soft palate. The lesion blanches upon pressure.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/L/Lymphoma3.jpg [Answer]

Output: Lymphoma. An erythematous firm soft tissue enlargement partially covering the external auditory canal.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/G/GingivalCyst1.jpg [Answer]

Output: Gingival cyst: A circumscribed soft tissue enlargement on the gingiva.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/A/AdCysCAMicroMedHSDM.jpg [Answer]

Output: Adenoid cystic carcinoma. In this view we can appreciate the ductal spaces with their pink product contrasting with the paler material in the others.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/I/IrritationFibroma7.jpg [Answer]

Output: Irritation fibroma (polypoid fibrous hyperplasia): Microscopic image showing dense connective tissue and a surface of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/L/LPEryth1A.jpg [Answer]

Output: Lichen planus: Erythema and white epithelial thickening of right lateral border of tongue.


Input: [Question] http://www.uiowa.edu/~oprm/AtlasMAC/S/SCCEryth3.jpg [Answer]

Output: Squamous cell carcinoma (superficially invasive): An asymptomatic red patch with white rough areas is present on the left soft palate.


Input: [Answer] Putting things into groups based on similar characteristics [Question]

Output: Classifying


Input: [Answer] Making an intelligent guess about a quantity when an exact measurement is not possible [Question]

Output: Estimating


Input: [Answer] Looking for patterns and relationships in data gathered from experiments [Question]

Output: Analyzing


Input: [Answer] Making a conclusion about something without direct observation [Question]

Output: Inferring


Input: [Answer] Scientific method step that is a test of a hypothesis [Question]

Output: Experiment


Input: [Answer] The first step in the scientific method [Question]

Output: Problem or Question


Input: [Answer] Scientific method step after you identify a problem [Question]

Output: Research or Gather Information


Input: [Answer] Scientific method step that happens after you analyze your results [Question]

Output: Conclusion


Input: [Answer] Scientific method step that happens after the experiment [Question]

Output: Analyze the Results


Input: [Answer] A possible answer to a scientific question or explanation for a set of observations [Question]

Output: Hypothesis


Input: [Answer] Factor that can change in an experiment [Question]

Output: Variable


Input: [Answer] A group experimented on by changing one variable [Question]

Output: Experimental Group


Input: [Answer] A group in an experiment with the variable unchanged that is used for comparison [Question]

Output: Control Group


Input: [Answer] Tests only one factor at a time, using a control group and experimental group [Question]

Output: Controlled Experiment


Input: [Answer] The facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations [Question]

Output: Data


Input: [Answer] Observations that are numerical measurements [Question]

Output: Quantitative Observations


Input: [Answer] The variable that is purposely changed [Question]

Output: Manipulated or Independent Variable


Input: [Answer] Observations that are descriptions not involving numbers or measurements [Question]

Output: Qualitative Observations


Input: [Answer] The variable that is expected to change due to the manipulated (independent) variable [Question]

Output: Responding or Dependent Variable


Input: [Answer] Looking closely with all five of your senses to gather information [Question]

Output: Observing


Input: [Answer] A process of discovering about the world around you and solving problems [Question]

Output: Science


Input: [Answer] Writing (or telling) in detail about what you observe [Question]

Output: Describing


Input: [Answer] Determining the name of something [Question]

Output: Identifying


Input: [Answer] Performing a mathematical process to solve a problem [Question]

Output: Calculating


Input: [Answer] Judging the value, importance, or quality of something [Question]

Output: Evaluating


Input: [Answer] A series of steps used to solve problems [Question]

Output: Scientific Method


Input: [Answer] An organized way of collecting facts or data, usually involving the study of two groups [Question]

Output: Experiment


Input: [Answer] Researching helps you to form this [Question]

Output: Hypothesis


Input: [Answer] The last step of the scientific method [Question]

Output: Communicate Results


Input: [Question] the trophoblast above the epiblast produces what new layer? why? [Answer]

Output: syncytiotrophoblast, produces progesterone


Input: [Question] all cells not becoming a part of the syncytiotrophoblast become what? [Answer]

Output: cytotrophoblast


Input: [Question] how do syncytiotrophoblast nuclei proliferate if they are amitotic? [Answer]

Output: as the cytotrophoblast cells divide, they fuse with the syncytiotrophoblast to donate nuclei


Input: [Question] the embryoblast laminates into what 3 cell layers? which two are the bilaminar layer? [Answer]

Output: the amnion, epiblast, and hypoblast; bilaminary layer is the hypoblast and epiblast


Input: [Question] what is the amnion? [Answer]

Output: the thin membrane that forms along the interior of the cytotrophoblast


Input: [Question] what cells comprise the epiblast? why is this important? [Answer]

Output: high columnar cells; this is the entire fetus with the exception of the primordial germ cells


Input: [Question] the hypoblast produces what structure? what cells is it comprised of? [Answer]

Output: the yolk sac; it is comprised of small cuboidal cells


Input: [Question] after the blastocyst embeds, what cells close the hole on the endometrial surface? [Answer]

Output: fibrin coagulum


Input: [Question] the hypoblast spreads along the inner surface of the endometrium to form what? [Answer]

Output: extraembryonic endoderm


Input: [Question] where is the primary yolk sac? [Answer]

Output: bound by the extraembryonic endoderm and the hypoblast


Input: [Question] spaces formed in the syncytiotrophoblast are called what? what is this period called? [Answer]

Output: trophoblastic lacunae; lacunar stage


Input: [Question] what is the new layer that forms between the cytotrophoblast and the extraembryonic endoderm? [Answer]

Output: extraembryonic mesoderm


Input: [Question] extraembryonic lacunae expand to form what? [Answer]

Output: chorionic cavity


Input: [Question] the extraembryonic mesoderm layer lining the yolk sac is what? [Answer]

Output: splanchnic extraembryonic mesoderm


Input: [Question] the extraembryonic mesoderm layer lining the cytotrophoblast is what? [Answer]

Output: somatic extraembryonic mesoderm


Input: [Question] what are the 3 layers of the chorion? [Answer]

Output: somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast


Input: [Question] what primordial structure becomes the umbilical cord? [Answer]

Output: the connecting stalk


Input: [Question] placental circulation begins to develop where? [Answer]

Output: at the embryonic pole


Input: [Question] syncytiotrophoblast erodes the endometrium endothelial lining of the maternal capillaries to produce what? [Answer]

Output: sinusoids


Input: [Question] what process has glandular secretions causing endometrium surrounding the embryo to become edematous with glycogen and lipids? [Answer]

Output: the decidua reaction


Input: [Question] what does the decidua region of the endometrium develop into? [Answer]

Output: maternal component of the placenta


Input: [Question] what is the portion of the primary yolk sac that is pinched off from the embryo? [Answer]

Output: the exocoelomic cyst


Input: [Question] increased blood flow to the lacunar spaces can produce bleeding when? [Answer]

Output: 28th day of menstrual cycle


Input: [Question] what term means to have multiple nuclei within an extended, continuous cytoplasm? [Answer]

Output: synctytium


Input: [Question] A fluid filled cavity develops between the amnion and epiblast known as what? [Answer]

Output: amniotic cavity


Input: [Question] during amniocentesis, what marker is being checked for? what might this indicate if found? [Answer]

Output: alpha-fetoprotein; developmental defect


Input: [Question] where do extraembryonic lacunae develop? [Answer]

Output: extraembryonic mesoderm


Input: [Question] after the primary yolk sac pinches off the exocoelomic cyst, what is it then called? [Answer]

Output: secondary yolk sac


Input: [Question] Alternative Splicing [Answer]

Output: can generate different forms of mRNA from a single pre-mRNA


Input: [Question] Negative control of Alternative RNA splicing [Answer]

Output: repressor blocks splicing machinery


Input: [Question] Positive control of Alternative RNA splicing [Answer]

Output: splicing machinery inefficient unless activator is present


Input: [Question] Sex lethal (Sxl) transformer (tra) and doublesex (dsx) genes are [Answer]

Output: part of a hierarchy of gene regulation for sex determination in drosophila


Input: [Question] Sxl gene acts as a [Answer]

Output: switch and selects the pathway of sexual development by controlling splicing of the dsx transcript in a female specific or male specific fashion


Input: [Question] spliceopathies [Answer]

Output: mutations that affect regulation of splicing; can contribute to genetic disorders


Input: [Question] Myotonic dystrophy [Answer]

Output: expansion of trinucleotide repeats in 3' UTR of DMPK gene. DMPK protein sequence unaffected; repeats cause toxic mRNAs


Input: [Question] toxic mRNAS of myotonic dystrophy [Answer]

Output: sequester proteins that are important for splicing of other mRNAS


Input: [Question] at least ___ inappropriately spliced genes cause pathology [Answer]

Output: 20


Input: [Question] control of mRNA stability [Answer]

Output: a steady state mRNA level is determined by the combination of transcription rate and rate of degradation. this is regulated in response to cellular needs. 3'UTR sequences can regulate stability


Input: [Question] translation can be regulated to produce [Answer]

Output: the correct quantity of a protein


Input: [Question] post-translational stability of a protein can be [Answer]

Output: modulated


Input: [Question] a protein can be modified after translation to change its [Answer]

Output: structure or activity


Input: [Question] RNA silencing controls gene expression through [Answer]

Output: RNA interference(RNAi) or RNA-induced transcriptional repression


Input: [Question] it is estimated that ____% of human genes are regulated in part by RNA silencing [Answer]

Output: 30


Input: [Question] Mechanisms of gene regulation by RNA-induced gene silencing [Answer]

Output: 1)dicer processes dsRNAs into siRNAs&miRNAs 2)binding to RISC or RITS; one strand is degraded 3)RNAi:RISC recognizes target mRNAs(degrades or inhibits their translation) 4)Txnsilencing:RITS recognizes genomic sequences in nucleus;recruits remodelingcmp


Input: [Question] RNAi technology can [Answer]

Output: create single gene defects without having to induce mutations, which allows for rapid analysis of gene function


Input: [Question] animal models have shown successful RNAi treatment of [Answer]

Output: viral infection, eye diseases, cancers, inflammatory bowel disease


Input: [Question] different tumor types have different [Answer]

Output: characteristic miRNA profiles


Input: [Question] some cancers are defective in miRNA expression so ___ ____ may help [Answer]

Output: synthetic miRNAs


Input: [Question] overexpression of genes involved in cancer can be ____ by RNAi [Answer]

Output: targeted


Input: [Question] limitations of RNAi as therapy [Answer]

Output: 1)short sequences make it harder to achieve specificity and avoid off-target effects 2)wont be useful for diseases that involve LOF gene 3)delivery methods have to be worked out 4)there may be cells that are impossible to target


Input: [Question] Metacentric [Answer]

Output: centromere is in the middle


Input: [Question] submetacentric [Answer]

Output: centromere between the middle and end


Input: [Question] acrocentric [Answer]

Output: centromere close to the end


Input: [Question] telocentric [Answer]

Output: centromere at the end


Input: [Question] Homologous chromosomes [Answer]

Output: are similar and carry genes for the same inherited characteristics; they are not identical because they may carry different versions of the same gene


Input: [Question] sex determining chromosomes are usually not [Answer]

Output: homologous but may behave as homologs in meiosis


Input: [Question] Karyokinesis [Answer]

Output: nuclear division


Input: [Question] cytokinesis [Answer]

Output: cytoplasmic division


Input: [Question] Prophase [Answer]

Output: centrioles divide and move apart; nuclear envelope break downs; chromosomes condense and become visible


Input: [Question] sister chromatids are connected at the ______ [Answer]

Output: centromere


Input: [Question] centrioles [Answer]

Output: organize spindle fibers for movement of chromosomes during meiosis and mitosis


Input: [Question] Prometaphase [Answer]

Output: chromosomes move to equatorial plane of the cell


Input: [Question] Metaphase [Answer]

Output: centromeres/chromosomes aligned at equatorial plane


Input: [Question] kinetochore [Answer]

Output: protein assembly at the centromere; spindle fiber attachment point


Input: [Question] spindle fiber attachment leads to [Answer]

Output: cohesin degradation by separase


Input: [Question] _____ at the centromere prevents cohesin degradation there [Answer]

Output: shugosin


Input: [Question] Anaphase [Answer]

Output: sister chromatids separate from each other; migrate to opposite poles


Input: [Question] separated sister chromatids are called [Answer]

Output: daughter chromosomes


Input: [Question] Telophase [Answer]

Output: daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles; citokinesis commences; chromosomes uncoil and nuclear envelope is reformed


Input: [Question] Meiosis I is ______ division [Answer]

Output: reductional


Input: [Question] Meiosis II is _____ division [Answer]

Output: equational


Input: [Question] DNA synthesis during Interphase before Meiosis I _____________ before Meiosis II [Answer]

Output: does not occur again


Input: [Question] Synaptonemal Complex [Answer]

Output: found only in chromosomes of cells undegoing meiosis; vehicle for pairing of homologs and their segregation during meiosis


Input: [Question] Meiosis I [Answer]

Output: homologous chromosomes separate and move toward the poles; sister chromatids remain attached at centromeres; duplicated chromosomes reach their poles; cytokinesis occurs and two haploid daughter cells are formed


Input: [Question] Meiosis II [Answer]

Output: sister chromatids in each dyad separated to opposite poles; each haploid daughter cell from meiosis II has one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes


Input: [Question] Nondisjunction during meiosis I or II leads to [Answer]

Output: gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes


Input: [Question] pairing of nonhomologous sex chromosomes ensures [Answer]

Output: that they segregate


Input: [Question] Meiosis produces diversity through [Answer]

Output: crossing over and independent assortment


Input: [Question] Spermatogenesis [Answer]

Output: produces 4 haploid sperm cells


Input: [Question] Oogenesis [Answer]

Output: produces and egg cell and two polar bodies


Input: [Question] Monohybrid crosses [Answer]

Output: involve a single pair of contrasting traits


Input: [Question] Allele [Answer]

Output: different versions of a gene


Input: [Question] genotype [Answer]

Output: combination of alleles


Input: [Question] Phenotype [Answer]

Output: physical expression of genetic makeup


Input: [Question] Homozygous [Answer]

Output: two identical alleles


Input: [Question] Heterozygous [Answer]

Output: two different alleles


Input: [Question] testcross [Answer]

Output: a way to determine whether an individual displaying the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait


Input: [Question] Mendel's three postulates of inheritance [Answer]

Output: 1)Unit factors in pairs 2)Dominance/recessiveness 3)Segregation during gamete formation


Input: [Question] Dihybrid cross [Answer]

Output: involves two pairs of contrasting traits


Input: [Question] Mendel's fourth postulate states that [Answer]

Output: traits assort independently during gamete formation; all possible combinations of gametes will form with equal frequency


Input: [Question] Independent Assortment leads to [Answer]

Output: extensive genetic variation; produces genetically dissimilar gametes


Input: [Question] Conditional probability [Answer]

Output: the likelihood of the desired outcome when one event depends on another


Input: [Question] [n!/(s!t!)]*[(a^s)*(b^t)] [Answer]

Output: n=total# of events s=#of times outcome a occurs t=#of times outcome b occurs


Input: [Question] degree of freedom = [Answer]

Output: n-1


Input: [Question] Wild type [Answer]

Output: occurs most frequently in nature


Input: [Question] Loss-of-function (LOF) [Answer]

Output: reduction or loss of the specific wild type function


Input: [Question] Null allele [Answer]

Output: complete LOF


Input: [Question] Gain of function (GOF) [Answer]

Output: enhanced WT function


Input: [Question] Incomplete Dominance [Answer]

Output: offspring have an intermediate phenotype; phenotypic ratio identical to genotypic ratio


Input: [Question] Tay-Sachs disease [Answer]

Output: Homozygous recessive die from hexosaminidase activity being absent; Heterozygotes appear normal but have 1/2 enzyme activity when compared to homozygous normal


Input: [Question] threshold effect [Answer]

Output: normal phenotypic expression occur whenever a certain level (usually 50% or less) of gene product is attained


Input: [Question] Codominance [Answer]

Output: the joint expression of two alleles of a gene in a heterozygote results in phenotypic detection of both gene products


Input: [Question] Bombay phenotype [Answer]

Output: women came from parents with A and AB blood type but she had blood type O. This is possible bc she homozygous FUT1{she dont have fucose on H substance therefore she has no substrate to make a or b antigens


Input: [Question] i^A allele adds [Answer]

Output: terminal sugar N-acetylgalactosamine to the H-substance


Input: [Question] i^B allele adds [Answer]

Output: a terminal galactose to the H substance


Input: [Question] i^O allele adds [Answer]

Output: no terminal sugars to the H substance


Input: [Question] It is estimated that _____ of all genes are essential for survival [Answer]

Output: 1/3


Input: [Question] Dominant lethals [Answer]

Output: exist in things such as huntington's disease, must reproduce before subject dies


Input: [Question] Epistasis [Answer]

Output: one gene masks the effect of another; or two gene pairs complement each other such that one dominant allele is required at each locus to express a certain phenotype


Input: [Question] Epistatic interactions often arise because [Answer]

Output: two or more different proteins participate in a common cellular function


Input: [Question] Complementation testing [Answer]

Output: determines if two mutations causing a similar phenotype are alleles of the same gene


Input: [Question] Pleiotropy [Answer]

Output: expression of a single gene has multiple phenotypic effects. Ex:Marfan Syndrome


Input: [Question] a push or a pull that causes an object to move, stop or chagne direction [answer]

Output: force


Input: [Question] force that pulls all objects in the universe toward each other [answer]

Output: gravitation


Input: [Question] forces going in the oppoite direction and one force is greater than the other (not on test) [answer]

Output: unbalanced force


Input: [Question] forces equal in size and opposite in direction (not on test) [answer]

Output: balanced force


Input: [Question] force that goes against motion when two surfaces rub together [answer]

Output: friction


Input: [Question] force of pushing or pulling between magnetic poles [answer]

Output: magnetism


Input: [Question] What are the three main forces we studied? [answer]

Output: gravitation, friction, magnetism


Input: [Question] special type of gravitation that pulls things towards the earth. [answer]

Output: gravity


Input: [Question] Will two north ends of a magnet attract or repel? [answer]

Output: repel


Input: [Question] Will two south ends of a magnet attract or repel? [answer]

Output: repel


Input: [Question] Will a north and south ends of a magnet attract or repel? [answer]

Output: attract


Input: [Question] Forces always act in ________. (not on test) [answer]

Output: pairs


Input: [Question] Is the gravitational force bigger or smaller when objects are farther apart [answer]

Output: smaller


Input: [Question] If an object is extremely large, like the sun, it the gravitational force bigger or smaller? [answer]

Output: bigger


Input: [Question] T/F? Gravity pulls people to the earth and earth towards the people [answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] If a moving object stops, then the forces must be ___________ (not on test) [answer]

Output: unbalanced


Input: [Question] If a moving object keeps moving at the same speed and same direction, the forces must be (not on test) [answer]

Output: balanced


Input: [Question] If a stopped object starts moving, the forces must be (not on test) [answer]

Output: unbalanced


Input: [Question] If an object isn't moving, the forces must be (not on test) [answer]

Output: balanced


Input: [Question] What is the net force of a tug of war game if one side pulls with 50 newton and the other side pulls with 20 newton? (not on test) [answer]

Output: 30 newtons


Input: [Question] force that causes a material to twist (not on test) [answer]

Output: torsion


Input: [Question] stretching force that pulls on a material (not on test) [answer]

Output: tension


Input: [Question] pressing force that squeezes a material together (not on test) [answer]

Output: compression


Input: [Question] the permanent parts of structure that cannot be removed (not on test) [answer]

Output: dead load


Input: [Question] the movable and removable parts of a structure (not on test) [answer]

Output: live load


Input: [Question] Is a penny an example of a live or dead load (not on test) [answer]

Output: live load


Input: [Question] Is a floor an example of a live or dead load (not on test) [answer]

Output: dead load


Input: [Question] Is a ceiling fan an example of a live or dead load (not on test) [answer]

Output: dead load


Input: [Question] Is a person an example of a live or dead load (not on test) [answer]

Output: live load


Input: [Question] Wind, rain, earthquakes, and sunshine are all examples of what kind of special load (not on test) [answer]

Output: environmental live load


Input: [Question] What type of bridges use strong cables to help support the dead and live loads of the bridge (not on test) [answer]

Output: suspension bridges


Input: [Question] type of force that occurs when two objects touch [answer]

Output: direct force


Input: [Question] type of force that occurs even though the objects do not touch [answer]

Output: indirect force


Input: [Question] Is magnetism a direct or indirect force [answer]

Output: both


Input: [Question] Is gravitation a direct or indirect force [answer]

Output: indirect


Input: [Question] Is friction a direct or indirect force [answer]

Output: direct


Input: [Question] If all the atoms are lined up in a substance, then that substance is probably a [answer]

Output: magnet


Input: [Question] Will a magnet lose its magnetic force if it is drop very very hard? [answer]

Output: yes


Input: [Question] What two things affect gravitation? [answer]

Output: mass and distance


Input: [Question] Will a magnet lose its magnetic force if it is broken in half? [answer]

Output: no


Input: [Question] act of faith [Answer]

Output: supernatural assent of the intellect through which a truth revealed by God is believed on the authority of God who reveals it


Input: [Question] covenant [Answer]

Output: solemn agreement between people or between God and man involving mutual commitments and guarantees


Input: [Question] divine [Answer]

Output: modifier indicting something that refers or pertains to God


Input: [Question] faith [Answer]

Output: theological virtue by which one believes all that God has said and revealed to man. Church proposes for belief


Input: [Question] magisterium [Answer]

Output: name given to the universal teaching authority of the church,through the interpretation of sacred scripture and Tradition


Input: [Question] miracle [Answer]

Output: sign, wonder, or event that transcends the laws of nature and can be attributed to divine power. Miracles of Jesus were messianic signs of the presence of God's kingdom.


Input: [Question] motives of credibility [Answer]

Output: 4 signs and evidence that certain affirmations are made by God(or those chosen to speak for him which are passed along to us without error)


Input: [Question] motive of faith [Answer]

Output: the reason why a person comes to believe in God


Input: [Question] object of faith [Answer]

Output: content of true Christian faith and belief; God himself; and all the natural truths revealed by God


Input: [Question] original sin [Answer]

Output: "man, tempted by the devil disobeyed God's command" Adam and Eve lost the grace of original holiness


Input: [Question] prophecy [Answer]

Output: something that is said in the name of God


Input: [Question] prophet [Answer]

Output: a person who talks to man in the name of God, often to announce future events


Input: [Question] revelation/divine revelation/supernatural revelation [Answer]

Output: God's communication of himself and his divine plan, by deeds and words.EX: sending his only son Jesus Christ REVELATION ALSO REFERS TO THE NEW TESTAMENT BOOK


Input: [Question] word of God [Answer]

Output: God's speech to man refers to sacred scripture and Jesus Christ. "Christ, the son of God made man, is the father's one, perfect, and unsurpassable word."


Input: [Answer] cervical [Question]

Output: neck


Input: [Answer] patellar [Question]

Output: knee


Input: [Answer] pedal [Question]

Output: foot


Input: [Answer] orbital [Question]

Output: eye


Input: [Answer] otic [Question]

Output: ear


Input: [Answer] nasal [Question]

Output: nose


Input: [Answer] oral [Question]

Output: mouth


Input: [Answer] sternal [Question]

Output: breastbone


Input: [Answer] umbilical [Question]

Output: naval


Input: [Answer] scapular [Question]

Output: shoulder blade


Input: [Question] Cogent [Answer]

Output: convincing or reasonable


Input: [Question] Assertion [Answer]

Output: a declaration or statement


Input: [Question] Cohesive [Answer]

Output: quality of sticking together


Input: [Question] Didactic [Answer]

Output: intending to teach something


Input: [Question] Discourse [Answer]

Output: verbal expression or exchange; conversation


Input: [Question] Eloquence [Answer]

Output: the ability to speak vividly or persuasively


Input: [Question] Implication [Answer]

Output: the act of suggestion or hinting


Input: [Question] Lucid [Answer]

Output: easily understood or clear


Input: [Question] Pundit [Answer]

Output: an authority who expresses opinions


Input: [Question] Rhetoric [Answer]

Output: the art of using language effectively and persuasively


Input: [Question] Arbiter [Answer]

Output: a judge who decides the outcome of something in dispute


Input: [Question] Biased [Answer]

Output: prejudiced


Input: [Question] Exculpate [Answer]

Output: to free from guilt or blame


Input: [Question] Incontrovertible [Answer]

Output: definite and not open to question


Input: [Question] Integrity [Answer]

Output: trustworthiness


Input: [Question] Jurisprudence [Answer]

Output: the philosophy or science of law


Input: [Question] Penitent [Answer]

Output: expressing remorse


Input: [Question] Plausible [Answer]

Output: seemingly valid or acceptable; credible


Input: [Question] Substantiated [Answer]

Output: supported with proof or evidence


Input: [Question] Vindicated [Answer]

Output: freed from blame


Input: [Question] Condescending [Answer]

Output: treating others as inferior


Input: [Question] Contemptuous [Answer]

Output: Contemptuous


Input: [Question] Despotic [Answer]

Output: tyrannical, exercising absolute power


Input: [Question] Dictatorial [Answer]

Output: domineering and overbearing to an oppressive degree


Input: [Question] Disdain [Answer]

Output: contempt or scorn


Input: [Question] Haughty [Answer]

Output: arrogant


Input: [Question] Imperious [Answer]

Output: arrogantly overbearing


Input: [Question] Patronizing [Answer]

Output: treating in a condescending way


Input: [Question] Convoluted [Answer]

Output: intricate or complex


Input: [Question] Cryptic [Answer]

Output: hard to comprehend


Input: [Question] Futile [Answer]

Output: pointless


Input: [Question] Impede [Answer]

Output: slow the progress of


Input: [Question] Obscure [Answer]

Output: relatively unknown * or to conceal or make indistinct


Input: [Question] Quandary [Answer]

Output: state of uncertainty or perplexity


Input: [Question] Dilatory [Answer]

Output: habitually late


Input: [Question] Indolent [Answer]

Output: lazy


Input: [Question] Insipid [Answer]

Output: uninteresting or unchallenging


Input: [Question] Listless [Answer]

Output: lacking energy


Input: [Question] Torpor [Answer]

Output: laziness inactivity, dullness


Input: [Question] Embellish [Answer]

Output: to decorate


Input: [Question] Florid [Answer]

Output: describing flowery or elaborate speech


Input: [Question] Opulent [Answer]

Output: exhibiting a display of great wealth


Input: [Question] Ornate [Answer]

Output: elaborately decorated


Input: [Question] Ostentatious [Answer]

Output: describing a showy or pretentious display


Input: [Question] Poignant [Answer]

Output: profoundly moving or touching


Input: [Question] Ample [Answer]

Output: describing a large amount of something


Input: [Question] Comprehensive [Answer]

Output: large in scope or content


Input: [Question] Copious [Answer]

Output: plentiful; having a large quantity


Input: [Question] Ebullience [Answer]

Output: intense enthusiasm


Input: [Question] Effusive [Answer]

Output: emotionally unrestrained; gushing


Input: [Question] Egregious [Answer]

Output: conspicuously bad


Input: [Question] Flagrant [Answer]

Output: extremely or deliberately shocking or noticeable


Input: [Question] Frenetic [Answer]

Output: wildly excited or active


Input: [Question] Gratuitous [Answer]

Output: given freely, unearned, or unwarranted


Input: [Question] Permeate [Answer]

Output: to flow or spread throughout something


Input: [Question] Pervasive [Answer]

Output: dispersed throughout


Input: [Question] Prodigious [Answer]

Output: enormous


Input: [Question] Replete [Answer]

Output: abundantly supplied; filled to capacity


Input: [Question] Superfluous [Answer]

Output: extra; unnecessary


Input: [Question] Alleviate [Answer]

Output: to ease a pain or burden


Input: [Question] Asylum [Answer]

Output: a place of retreat or safety


Input: [Question] Auspicious [Answer]

Output: favorable or promising


Input: [Question] Benevolent [Answer]

Output: well-meaning or generous


Input: [Question] Benign [Answer]

Output: kind and gentle


Input: [Question] Emollient [Answer]

Output: softening or soothing * something that softens or soothes


Input: [Question] Mollify [Answer]

Output: to calm or soothe


Input: [Question] Reclamation [Answer]

Output: act of making something useful again


Input: [Question] Sanction [Answer]

Output: to authorize or approve


Input: [Question] Astute [Answer]

Output: shrewd, clever


Input: [Question] Camouflage [Answer]

Output: to hide by blending in the surroundings


Input: [Question] Clandestine [Answer]

Output: secretive


Input: [Question] Coup [Answer]

Output: brilliantly executed plan


Input: [Question] Disingenuous [Answer]

Output: not straightforward; crafty


Input: [Question] Dubious [Answer]

Output: doubtful or unlikely true


Input: [Question] Fabricated [Answer]

Output: made, especially to deceive


Input: [Question] Hypocrisy [Answer]

Output: pretending to be something one isn’t; insincerity


Input: [Question] Ruse [Answer]

Output: a crafty trick


Input: [Question] Slander [Answer]

Output: false charges and malicious oral statements about someone


Input: [Question] Spurious [Answer]

Output: fake


Input: [Question] Stratagem [Answer]

Output: a clever trick to outwit


Input: [Question] Surreptitiously [Answer]

Output: done secretively


Input: [Question] Way [Answer]

Output: on guard; watchful


Input: [Question] Willy [Answer]

Output: cunning


Input: [Question] Assiduous [Answer]

Output: hard-working


Input: [Question] Compelling [Answer]

Output: forceful; urgently demanding attention


Input: [Question] Diligent [Answer]

Output: hard-working; exhibiting painstaking effort


Input: [Question] Dogged [Answer]

Output: stubbornly persisting


Input: [Question] Endure [Answer]

Output: to put up with or survive something


Input: [Question] Intrepid [Answer]

Output: courageous; fearless


Input: [Question] Maverick [Answer]

Output: a person who is independent and resists adherence to a group


Input: [Question] Obdurate [Answer]

Output: stubborn or inflexible


Input: [Question] Obstinate [Answer]

Output: stubbornly adhering to an opinion or course of action


Input: [Question] Proliferate [Answer]

Output: to grow or increase rapidly


Input: [Question] Tenacity [Answer]

Output: perseverance


Input: [Question] Vitality [Answer]

Output: energy; power to survive


Input: [Question] Disparity [Answer]

Output: inequality or difference


Input: [Question] Servile [Answer]

Output: submissive; like a servant


Input: [Question] Suppressed [Answer]

Output: subdued or kept from being circulated


Input: [Question] Inconsequential [Answer]

Output: unimportant


Input: [Question] Superficial [Answer]

Output: conferenced only with what is on the surface or obvious; shallow


Input: [Question] Tenuous [Answer]

Output: having little substance or strength; shaky; unsure; weak


Input: [Question] Trivial [Answer]

Output: of little importance or significance


Input: [Question] An arrest in the cell cycle for repair [Answer]

Output: Check point


Input: [Question] Encodes gene products that inhibit unregulated cell division. Mutant alleles function recessively in promotion of a cancerous phenotype in a cell [Answer]

Output: Tumor suppressor gene


Input: [Question] Molecule that affects cell proliferation. Generally stimulate proliferation by associating with receptor proteins on the affected cell [Answer]

Output: Growth factor


Input: [Question] Programmed cell death in which the cell coordinates its own DNA degradation and nuclear condensation [Answer]

Output: Apoptosis


Input: [Question] Normal gene regulating cell proliferation that can become an oncogene when mutated [Answer]

Output: Proto-oncogene


Input: [Question] Steroids, peptides, and proteins that act over short and long distances to provide extracellular signals to cells. [Answer]

Output: Hormones


Input: [Question] Proteins that underlie the inner surface of the nuclear membrane and become soluble during mitosis to allow dissolution of the nuclear membrane into vesicles [Answer]

Output: Nuclear lamins


Input: [Question] The relaying of a signal through the cytoplasm to the nucleus in order to mediate a cellular response to an extracellular signal. [Answer]

Output: Signal transduction


Input: [Question] A family of proteins that phosphorylate specific substrates in response to a cell-cycle dependent association with specific cyclins. [Answer]

Output: Cyclin-dependent kinase


Input: [Question] Mutant allele of a proto-oncogene that acts dominantly to promote a cancerous phenotype [Answer]

Output: Oncogene


Input: [Joint Motion] Elbow flexion [Position] Supine [Stationary arm position] midline of lateral surface of humerus [Movable Arm position] midline of lateral surface of radius [ROM] 0-150 [muscle] Biceps Brachii [Axis]

Output: lateral epicondyle of humerus


Input: [Joint Motion] Forearm supination [Position] Seated feet on floor, wrist neutral [Stationary arm position] perpendicular to floor [Movable Arm position] Across volar surface of distal forearm [ROM] 0-90 [muscle] Supinator [Axis]

Output: Distal forearm. Volar surface, 1 cm proximal to pisiform


Input: [Joint Motion] Forearm Pronation [Position] Seated feet on floor wrist neutral [Stationary arm position] perpendicular to floor [Movable Arm position] Across dorsal surface of distal forearm [ROM] 0-90 [muscle] Pronator quadratus [Axis]

Output: ulnar styloid process


Input: [Joint Motion] Wrist flexion [Position] Seated, Feet on floor, Arm on table palm up [Stationary arm position] midline of ulna [Movable Arm position] midline of fifth metacarpal [ROM] 0-80 [muscle] flexor carpi ulnaris [Axis]

Output: Medial aspect of ulnar styloid


Input: [Joint Motion] Wrist extension [Position] Seated, feet on floor, arm on table palm down [Stationary arm position] Midline of ulna [Movable Arm position] Midline of fifth metacarpal [ROM] 0-70 [muscle] extensor carpi ulnaris [Axis]

Output: medial aspect of ulnar styloid


Input: [Joint Motion] Wrist radial deviation [Position] seated, feet on floor, palm flat on surface [Stationary arm position] midline of forearm [Movable Arm position] midline of third metacarpal [ROM] 0-20 [muscle] flexor carpi radialis [Axis]

Output: Base of third metacarpal, over capitate bone


Input: [Joint Motion] Wrist ulnar deviation [Position] Seated, feet on floor, Palm flat on surface [Stationary arm position] midline of farearm [Movable Arm position] midline of third metacarpal [ROM] 0-30, 35 [muscle] flexor carpi ulnaris [Axis]

Output: Base of third metacarpal, over capitate bone


Input: [Joint Motion] Shoulder flexion [Position] Supine, Knees flexed [Stationary arm position] In line with trunk [Movable Arm position] Humerus [ROM] 0-180 [muscle] Deltoid [Axis]

Output: Lateral Surface of Acrom. Process


Input: [Joint Motion] Shoulder Extension [Position] Prone, knees flexed, arm at side [Stationary arm position] in line with patient's body [Movable Arm position] lateral epicondyle humerus [ROM] 0-60 [muscle] Deltoid [Axis]

Output: lateral surface of acromion process


Input: [Joint Motion] Shoulder abduction [Position] sit or standing [Stationary arm position] parallel to sternum [Movable Arm position] medial aspect of humerus [ROM] 0-180 [muscle] Supraspinatus [Axis]

Output: anterior or posterior surface of acromion process


Input: [Joint Motion] Shoulder Medial (internal) rotation [Position] prone, shoulder 90d. abduction, elbow 90d. flexion, supported w/towel [Stationary arm position] perpendicular to floor [Movable Arm position] ulna styloid [ROM] 0-70 [muscle] Teres major [Axis]

Output: Olecranon process


Input: [Joint Motion] Shoulder lateral rotation (external) [Position] prone, shoulder 90d. abduction, elbow 90d. flexion, supported with towel [Stationary arm position] perpendicular to floor [Movable Arm position] Ulna styloid [ROM] 0-90 [muscle] Tere minor [Axis]

Output: Olecranon process of ulna


Input: [Question] What is effort? [Answer]

Output: The total force exerted on an object.


Input: [Question] The rate of doing work is [Answer]

Output: Power


Input: [Question] Work= [Answer]

Output: Force*Distance


Input: [Question] Simple Machines help us [Answer]

Output: complete tasks easier


Input: [Question] Efficiency= [Answer]

Output: Work out/work in*100


Input: [Question] Load or Resistance= [Answer]

Output: thing you are moving


Input: [Question] Mechanical Advantage= [Answer]

Output: Measure of how the simple machine is multiplying the force


Input: [Question] The distance principle is [Answer]

Output: when simple machines compensate lack of power by applying the force over a larger area.


Input: [Question] AMA= [Answer]

Output: Actual Mechanical Advantage


Input: [Question] A lever is [Answer]

Output: a rigid bar that rests on a pivot point


Input: [Question] Rotational Equilibrium [Answer]

Output: When two forces on opposite sides of the fulcrum are equal


Input: [Question] Rotational Acceleration [Answer]

Output: When a force on one side of a fulcrum is stronger than the other, it pulls the lever into motion


Input: [Question] Axle= [Answer]

Output: a shaft that attaches to a wheel to function as one simple machine


Input: [Question] Gear= [Answer]

Output: modified form of wheel and axle


Input: [Question] Inclined Plane is like a [Answer]

Output: ramp


Input: [Question] To measure MA of pulley system, you can [Answer]

Output: count the pulleys


Input: [Question] Transparent [Answer]

Output: light passes through freely


Input: [Question] translucent [Answer]

Output: light passes through and scatteres (some is absorbed or reflected)


Input: [Question] opaque [Answer]

Output: no light can pass through, all light is absorbed or reflected


Input: [Question] shadows [Answer]

Output: bigger if object is closer to light sorce, smaller if object is farther from light sorce


Input: [Question] normal [Answer]

Output: line drawn at right angle to a soldid barrier


Input: [Question] incident ray [Answer]

Output: incoming light ray


Input: [Question] reflected ray [Answer]

Output: light ray that bounces off


Input: [Question] angle of incidence [Answer]

Output: angle between incident ray and the normal, labelled with an i


Input: [Question] angle of reflection [Answer]

Output: angle bvetween reflected ray and the normal, labelled with an r


Input: [Question] law of reflection [Answer]

Output: the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence


Input: [Question] refraction [Answer]

Output: bending of a wave when it passes from one medium to another


Input: [Question] light passing through air to water (refraction)bends ___________the normal [Answer]

Output: slows down and bends toward


Input: [Question] light passing through water to air (refraction) bends ___________ the normal [Answer]

Output: speeds up and bends away from


Input: [Question] angle of refraction [Answer]

Output: angle between the refracted ray and the normal, labelled with an R


Input: [Question] when you look at an object under water, it appears to be _______ where it really is [Answer]

Output: above


Input: [Question] light can also be refracted in air, resulting in _________ [Answer]

Output: mirages


Input: [Answer] Recessive trait [Question]

Output: A genetic trait that is HIDDEN by a dominant trait.


Input: [Answer] Dominant trait [Question]

Output: A genetic trait that expresses itself more STRONGLY than another trait.


Input: [Answer] Genetics [Question]

Output: The SCIENCE of heredity


Input: [Answer] trait [Question]

Output: CHARACTERISTICS such as leaf shape or eye color that are passed from parent to offspring.


Input: [Answer] gene [Question]

Output: The section of DNA that codes for one specific trait.


Input: [Answer] DNA [Question]

Output: Consists of strands of molecules that code and store genetic information; located in the nucleus of the cell. It's like a blueprint for your body.


Input: [Answer] Allele [Question]

Output: One version of a gene


Input: [Answer] Watson and Crick [Question]

Output: Scientists who discovered the structure of the DNA molecule (notice this is PLURAL--it will be more than one name)


Input: [Answer] double helix [Question]

Output: The SHAPE of a DNA molecule. It looks like a twisted ladder.


Input: [Answer] heredity (verb form--inherit)(My labrador inherited his yellow fur from his mother and father.) [Question]

Output: The passing of traits from parents to offspring.


Input: [Answer] species(Dogs are a species of mammals. Dogs can breed and produce more dogs.) [Question]

Output: A group of similar organisms that can reproduce together and produce fertile offspring.


Input: [Answer] ethics [Question]

Output: the processing of thinking & discussing ISSUES OF RIGHT & WRONG


Input: [Answer] offspring [Question]

Output: The YOUNG of a person, animal, or plant


Input: [Answer] sexual reproduction [Question]

Output: A form of reproduction that requires TWO PARENTS and results in offspring who are genetically DIFFERENT from their parents.


Input: [Answer] hybrid [Question]

Output: An organism with dominant allele AND a recessive allele for a trait.


Input: [Answer] clone [Question]

Output: An organism that is genetically IDENTICAL to the organism from which is was produced.


Input: [Answer] Proceeding from contrition [Question]

Output: Contrite


Input: [Answer] Someone who suffers death [Question]

Output: Martyr


Input: [Answer] Venchful [Question]

Output: Vindiction


Input: [Answer] to come to the end [Question]

Output: Succumb


Input: [Answer] to overcome by force [Question]

Output: Surmount


Input: [Answer] cant be replaced by anything [Question]

Output: Irreplaceable


Input: [Answer] lack of proper respect [Question]

Output: Irrevent


Input: [Answer] not possible to revoke [Question]

Output: Irrevocable


Input: [Answer] not reparable [Question]

Output: Irreparable


Input: [Answer] not trust worthy [Question]

Output: Irresponsible


Input: [Answer] a close circle [Question]

Output: Circurt


Input: [Answer] to expand [Question]

Output: Circumscribe


Input: [Answer] to manage to get around [Question]

Output: Circumvent


Input: [Answer] indenect corse [Question]

Output: Ciruitous


Input: [Answer] wordy [Question]

Output: Circumlocution


Input: [Answer] distinguished by rank or title [Question]

Output: Noble


Input: [Answer] respect or reverence paid or rendered [Question]

Output: Homage


Input: [Answer] to deliver an oration [Question]

Output: Orate


Input: [Answer] to clear [Question]

Output: Exonerate


Input: [Answer] the laying on of something as a burden or obligation [Question]

Output: Imposition


Input: [Question] What happens when PLC is activated? [Answer]

Output: Causes an influx of calcium ions from the ER to the cytoplasm


Input: [Question] Calcium is a direct trigger for? [Answer]

Output: exocytosis of cortical granules.


Input: [Question] Cortical Granules contain? [Answer]

Output: proteases that cut the protein tethering the vitelline envelope to the egg and muco-polysaccharide which produces an osmotic gradient, causing water to rush into this space. They also contain peroxidase which uses H2O2 to harden the envelope.


Input: [Question] calcium ionophore [Answer]

Output: Causes an artificial influx of Ca ions which induces exocytosis of the c.g.'s and other fert. events and produces activation w/out fertilization.


Input: [Question] MAPK stands for [Answer]

Output: Mitrogen Activated Protein Kinase


Input: [Question] MAPK keeps [Answer]

Output: oocytes in an arrested state until fertilization.


Input: [Question] MAPK is turned on/off by.. [Answer]

Output: phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation


Input: [Question] What AA's must MAPK be phosphorylated at? [Answer]

Output: Thr 202 and Tyr 204


Input: [Question] Ionophore [Answer]

Output: Is a compound that facilitates duffusion of an ion across a cell membrane.


Input: [Question] A23187 [Answer]

Output: Is a lipid soluble mol'c that enters the membrane and allows calcium to move across the membrane down it's conc. gradient.


Input: [Question] DMSO stands for [Answer]

Output: dimethylsulfoxide.


Input: [Question] The key to a correctly controlled experiment is [Answer]

Output: For any experimental condition, you should have another experimental cond. where not more than one variable changes btwn the 2 samples. Keeping sample sizes uniform and having enough replicates to make sure affects are not due to random variation in data.


Input: [Question] MAPK lysis buffer with inhibitors [Answer]

Output: lysis buffer lyses the cell membrane. The inhibitor contains protease inhibitors that stop MAKP from getting degraded. The others are phosphatase inhibitors that prevent dephosphorylation by stray phosphatases after the cells are lysed.


Input: [Question] After MAPK is treated with lysis buffer and inhibitor cocktail, it is centrifuged. Where will the MAPK be? [Answer]

Output: The supernatant. The pellet will contain nuclei and insoluble cell debris.


Input: [Question] SDS-PAGE stands for [Answer]

Output: sodium dodesyl sulfate


Input: [Question] What is the role of SDS in electrophoresis? [Answer]

Output: To eliminate the charge by coating all proteins with a net negative charge. It will also denature the proteins so that shape will not factor migration rate.


Input: [Question] mercaptoehtanol [Answer]

Output: is a reducing agent that breaks disulfide linkages (covalent bonds) in a protein


Input: [Question] heat [Answer]

Output: will remove any remaining folding not accomplished from SDS or mercaptoethanol.


Input: [Question] The pre-cast gels contained 10% acrylamide. What is the fractioning range? [Answer]

Output: 30-100kDa


Input: [Question] The purpose of the stacking gel is? [Answer]

Output: To compress all of the proteins in the sample into a thin band so that they enter the running gel simultaneously. This way proteins of the same MW will be present in discrete bands.


Input: [Question] Want antibody will probe the sea urchin samples during SDS-PAGE gel? [Answer]

Output: anti-pMAPK and anti-tMAPK


Input: [Question] Why use Western Blotting? [Answer]

Output: It is used when you need to specifically detect one protein in a mix of proteins.


Input: [Question] How are the proteins transfered from the polyacrylimide gel to NC membrane? [Answer]

Output: electrophoretically


Input: [Question] Factors that influence protein transfer [Answer]

Output: The buffer, the membrane, voltage, time and charge.


Input: [Question] Why is voltage important when transferring a protein from polyacrylimide gel to a hydrophobic membrane like NC or PVDF? [Answer]

Output: If the current is too high, low MW proteins could migrate too fast and not get a chance to bind to the membrane.


Input: [Question] What does the blocking buffer consist of and what is it's purpose? [Answer]

Output: It consists of TBST+5%BSA. It's purpose is to bind to unoccupied sites on the NC filter so antibodies won't stick non-specifically.


Input: [Question] What does TBST stand for? [Answer]

Output: Tris-Buffered Saline and Tween.


Input: [Question] What does Tween do? [Answer]

Output: Reduces non-specific binding of proteins to the antigens.


Input: [Question] antigen [Answer]

Output: The substances that antibodies bind to.


Input: [Question] IgG [Answer]

Output: Is a tetramer composed of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains that are held together by disulfide bridges.


Input: [Question] Constant Region [Answer]

Output: The AA sequence in the base of the "Y". Does not vary for a given species.


Input: [Question] Variable Region [Answer]

Output: The AA sequence at the ends of the "Y". Does very and is the part of the IgG that bind to antigen. The diff AA seq. of the var. reg's in diff. IgG mol'cs creates spec. binding sites that bind to diff antigens.


Input: [Question] What does it mean to raise antibodies against antibodies? [Answer]

Output: Ab's raised against Ab's are secondary Ab's. Ex. using a goat to raise Ab's agains rabbit IgG's. Sec. Ab's bind to the constant region of primary antibodies.


Input: [Question] The primary antibody is what binds to the... [Answer]

Output: to the protein of interest.


Input: [Question] The secondary allows you to... [Answer]

Output: visualize the bound primary protein by producing a signal b/c it usually has a tag or peroxidase enzyme covalently linked to the con. reg.


Input: [Question] How is the secondary Ab created? [Answer]

Output: An animal is injected with the cons. reg. portion of IgG from the animal in which the primary Ab is raised.


Input: [Question] How are Ab's helpful in biochem? [Answer]

Output: They can be used to help determine where in a cell an antigen may be concentrated. Whether a cell express a certain mol'c on it's surface, whether a mol'c is present in a sample, or to quantify the amount of antigen in sample and for purifying an antigen


Input: [Question] Is it possible for an antibody to bind an antigen other than the one for which it was created? [Answer]

Output: Yes, some mol'cs have sim. structures. This is called cross reacting.


Input: [Question] ELISA stands for [Answer]

Output: Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay


Input: [Question] What does an ELISA accomplish? [Answer]

Output: It is used to detect antigen-antibody complex with the help of an enzyme that converts a substrate to a colored product.


Input: [Question] What antigen is detected by ELISA? [Answer]

Output: inositol monophosphate, which is the breakdown product of a critical second messenger that is produced immediately after sperm bind (before Ca influx)


Input: [Question] What are the three types of ELISA tests? [Answer]

Output: antibody capture assay, two-site capture assay and competition assay.


Input: [Question] What is the trigger for the cytoplasmic Ca influx in fertilized sea urchin eggs? [Answer]

Output: The activation of PLC and the subsequent production of IP3.


Input: [Question] What is PLC? [Answer]

Output: It is a lipase that hydrolysis reactions on lipids to cut them into smaller pieces.


Input: [Question] What does PLC do? [Answer]

Output: It catalyzes the cleavage of the phosphorylated head group from a phospholipid called PIP2.


Input: [Question] Where is PIP2 located? [Answer]

Output: In the inner leaflet of the PM.


Input: [Question] When PLC cleaves the IP3 head from PIP2, what is produced? [Answer]

Output: Large quantities of IP3 and DAG.


Input: [Question] What happens to IP3 when it is cleaved? [Answer]

Output: It diffuses throughout the cytoplasm where it interacts with specific receptors. Receptor binding on the ER trigger Ca channels to open producing the Ca influx.


Input: [Question] Why is LiCl added to the ELISA samples? [Answer]

Output: To prevent IP1 from being broken down into free inositol.


Input: [Question] What is the binding order in antibody capture assay? [Answer]

Output: antigen->primary Ab->secondary Ab+covalently linked peroxidase or alkaline phosphate-> enzyme substrate(TMB)


Input: [Question] What is the binding order in two site capture assay? [Answer]

Output: Ab #1->antigen/sample->Ab #2-peroxidase conjugate->TMB


Input: [Question] What is the binding order for competition assay? [Answer]

Output: secondary Ab(anti-serum agst mouse IgG)->IP1-coupled w/peroxidase conjugate followed by monoclonal Ab against IP1(Primary Ab)->TMB


Input: [Question] How does the competition assay work? [Answer]

Output: The IP1 conjugate competes with the IP1 present in egg lysate samples to bind to a fixed # of primary Ab's present in well


Input: [Question] In the ELISA test, what is the role of the peroxidase? [Answer]

Output: It is used to produce a visible signal to detect Ab binding by continually converting substrate(TMB) to it's oxidized form, which amplifies the signal frm the binding Ab mol'c. This produces a signal such as color or luminescence.


Input: [Question] Why is HRP used in ELISA? [Answer]

Output: It is is used as as the peroxidase conjugate on secondary Ab, it catalyzes the oxidation reaction of peroxide and luminol.


Input: [Question] What happens when TMB is oxidized? [Answer]

Output: Shifts absorbance max giving a blue color.


Input: [Question] Why did we add sulfuric acid in ELISA? [Answer]

Output: To stop the oxidation rxn of TMB.


Input: [Question] What does NBS stand for and what is it? [Answer]

Output: nonspecific binding.is a negative control. some of the IP1peroxidase conjugate was added, but no primary antibody.the only signal would be from IP1-peroxidase conjugate that stuck "non-specifically" to the well, if for instance say it wasn't blocked well.


Input: [Question] What was the total activity control for? [Answer]

Output: It is a positive control. The control ensures that the peroxidase conjugate still has catalytic activity.


Input: [Question] What is an epitope? [Answer]

Output: The part of an antigen that is recognized by the Ab. Where the Ab binds. An antigen can have more than one epitope.


Input: [Question] What are the 3 factors that determine how fast a molecule will migrate in the gel during electrophoresis? [Answer]

Output: size, shape and charge


Input: [Question] What 3 things ensure that all proteins loaded onto the gel are completely denatured in SDS-PAGE? [Answer]

Output: SDS, mercaptoethanol, and heat


Input: [Question] What produces the voltage across the electric field in electro phoresis? Give the rxn. [Answer]

Output: Electrolysis (splitting of water with elctricity). Ions in solution(buffer salts) create the current. 4e- + 4H2O->2H2 +4OH (at cathode). 2H2O->O2+4H+4e-


Input: [Question] Why did we had H2O2 to the substrate solution during ECL visualization? [Answer]

Output: It is one of the rcts(substrates for peroxidase)


Input: [Question] What two conditions must be met to illicit an immune response? [Answer]

Output: antigen must be recognized as not self and the antigen must be large enough.


Input: [Question] What are the building blocks of all matter and are a pure substance of only one kind of atom? [Answer]

Output: element


Input: [Question] Everything is made of- [Answer]

Output: atoms


Input: [Question] About how many atoms are there? [Answer]

Output: 120


Input: [Question] Charcoal is a [Answer]

Output: solid


Input: [Question] calcium is a [Answer]

Output: nonmetal


Input: [Question] phosphorus means [Answer]

Output: bringer of light


Input: [Question] sulfur is [Answer]

Output: yellow and brittle


Input: [Question] nitrogen is a [Answer]

Output: gas


Input: [Question] hydrogen is the [Answer]

Output: lightest gas


Input: [Question] nitrogen is found in the [Answer]

Output: atmosphere


Input: [Question] This element has been known since ancient times [Answer]

Output: sulfur


Input: [Question] calcium is used for [Answer]

Output: wall plaster


Input: [Question] The symbol for helium [Answer]

Output: He


Input: [Question] the symbol for silicon [Answer]

Output: Si


Input: [Question] the symbol for sodium [Answer]


Input: [Question] oxygen is used for this [Answer]

Output: breathing


Input: [Question] This gas is fatal if breathed in [Answer]

Output: chlorine


Input: [Question] sodium is used for this [Answer]

Output: table salt


Input: [Question] The main function of the circulatory system is to maintain blood pressure. [Answer]

Output: False. (transport oxygen and nutrients to organs and tissues throughout the body and carry away waste products)


Input: [Question] The most common cause of chronic venous insufficiency is what? [Answer]

Output: Deep venous thrombosis 深静脉血栓形成 or Varicose veins 静脉曲张


Input: [Question] What test measures electrical activity of the heart [Answer]

Output: Electrocariogram


Input: [Question] The etiology 病因 of varicose veins includes long periods of standing, pregnancy, and obesity. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] The etiology of hypovolemic 低血容量 shock 低血容性休克 includes all of the following, EXCEPT What? [Answer]

Output: Cardiac arrhythmia 心律失常-( any disturbance in the rhythm of the heartbeat).


Input: [Question] Angioplasty 血管成形术 uses a bypass graft 搭桥 to restore circulation. [Answer]

Output: False (a surgical technique for restoring normal blood flow through an artery narrowed or blocked by atherosclerosis, either by inserting a balloon into the narrowed section and inflating it or by using a laser beam )


Input: [Question] What atherosclerotic 动脉粥样硬化 lesion 病变 is characterized by accumulation of fat around scar tissue? [Answer]

Output: Fibrous atheromatous plaque 纤维粥样斑块


Input: [Question] Vasospasm 血管痉挛 of the arteries and arterioles of the fingers and toes is characteristic of which disorder? [Answer]

Output: Raynaud's disease (mainly affecting women, in which spasms in the blood vessels of the fingers or toes restrict blood flow to the affected part, which becomes pale, numb, and sometimes painful)


Input: [Question] The vagus nerve (the tenth cranial nerve, which supplies the heart, lungs, and viscera) slow down the heart via secretion of what? [Answer]

Output: Acetylcholine


Input: [Question] The pacemaker of the heart is known as the what? [Answer]

Output: Sinoatrial node


Input: [Question] Women experience the same symptoms of a myocardial infarction (heart attack)心肌梗死 as do men. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Thrombosis, or a clot within a blood vessel, is formed by turbulent blood flow in the region of the plaque and ulceration of the plaque. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] A microbial infection of the endocardial endothelium and the heart vales is termed what? [Answer]

Output: Endocarditis 心内膜炎


Input: [Question] Congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭 (heart failure) can be left sided or right sided and produce different symptoms [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] What autoimmune disease results from a reaction between stretococcal agtigens and the patient's own antibodies and frequently affects the mitral vale? [Answer]

Output: Rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病


Input: [Question] Angina 心绞痛 is a condition which is commonly treated with what medication? [Answer]

Output: Nitroglycerine


Input: [Question] The most commonly affect arteries in peripheral arterial disease are the femoral or popliteal arteries. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Blockage of what artery impairs the flow of blood to the brain? [Answer]

Output: Carotid 颈动脉


Input: [Question] Reduced coronary blood flow in coronary heart is associated with what condition in more that 90% of persons with coronary heart disease? [Answer]

Output: Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化


Input: [Question] Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 are the same [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] Cor Pulmonale 肺心病 is a condition associated with what disorder(s)? [Answer]

Output: Pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压


Input: [Question] A blood clot can be treated by what type of procedure? [Answer]

Output: Clot dissolving medications, surgery


Input: [Question] An aneurysm 动脉瘤is a weakened area of lesion of a blood vessel. [Answer]

Output: True


Input: [Question] Congestive heart failure is a functional disease of the heart. [Answer]

Output: False


Input: [Question] subsequent [Answer]

Output: 随后


Input: [Question] tortuous [Answer]

Output: 曲折 full of twists


Input: [Question] turbulent blood flow [Answer]

Output: created when blood flows through a small caliber orifice. Is the cause of murmurs in the heart and large arteries.


Input: [Question] Autoimmune disease [Answer]

Output: A disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack its own tissues, leading to the deterioration and in some cases to the destruction of such tissue.


Input: [Question] Cor Pulmonale [Answer]

Output: pulmonary heart disease: a serious heart condition in which there is enlargement and failure of the right ventricle resulting from lung disease


Input: [Question] constrict [Answer]

Output: 压迫 to slow or stop the natural course or development of:


Input: [Question] Aneurysm 动脉瘤 [Answer]

Output: An aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel.


Input: [Question] lesion [Answer]

Output: an injury; hurt; wound. Pathology : any localized, abnormal structural change in the body. 病变


Input: [Question] Trophy [Answer]

Output: 奖杯


Input: [Question] dystrophy [Answer]

Output: 营养不良


Input: [Question] cyan/o [Answer]

Output: blue


Input: [Question] necr/o [Answer]

Output: death


Input: [Question] cyanosis [Answer]

Output: slightly bluish, slate-like color of the skin


Input: [Question] melancholy [Answer]

Output: black bile, melancholy depression


Input: [Question] -osis [Answer]

Output: abnormal condition


Input: [Question] necrosis [Answer]

Output: 坏死


Input: [Question] -ptosis 上睑下垂 [Answer]

Output: prolapse 脱垂, drooping, sagging


Input: [Question] protrusion [Answer]

Output: 突出


Input: [Question] insomnia [Answer]

Output: inability to obtain sufficient sleep, especially when chronic; difficulty in falling or staying asleep; sleeplessness. 失眠


Input: [Question] neur/o [Answer]

Output: verves


Input: [Question] tarsitis [Answer]

Output: an inflammation of the edge of the eyelid


Input: [Question] ischemia [Answer]

Output: an inadequate supply of blood to an organ or part, as from an obstructed blood flow. 缺血


Input: [Answer] a group of ductless glands that secrete 'hormones' [Question]

Output: What is the endocrine system made up of?


Input: [Answer] chemical substances that are produced by ductless glands; released into the blodd stream; and carried to other parts of the body where they produce a specific regulatory effect [Question]

Output: What is the definition of a hormone?


Input: [Answer] hormone is transported via the blood to target organ [Question]

Output: What is the endocrine route?


Input: [Answer] exocrine [Question]

Output: What is the route by which a hormone is screted to the exterior of the body where it interacts with a target organ?


Input: [Answer] hormone secreted into the space in between cells and the interstitial fluid carries them to the target organ [Question]

Output: What is the paracrine route?


Input: [Answer] autocrine [Question]

Output: What is the route in which a gormone produced by the cell regulates the activity of the cell that produced it?


Input: [Answer] hormones diffuse through synaptic clefts similar to neurotransmitters [Question]

Output: What is the neurocrin route?


Input: [Answer] epicrine [Question]

Output: Which route does the hormone pass through gap junctions (between) cells and alters the functino of adjacent cells?


Input: [Answer] peptides (protein), amines (modifications of tyrosine), and steroids (cholesterol) [Question]

Output: What are the properties used to determine the types of hormones?


Input: [Answer] in secretory granules by endocrine cells [Question]

Output: Where are peptide hormones and amines stored?


Input: [Answer] No, they must be synthesized. [Question]

Output: Can steriod hormones be stored?


Input: [Answer] stimulates release of gastric juices for digestion to being [Question]

Output: What is the purpose of gastron?


Input: [Answer] wall of stomach [Question]

Output: Where is gastrin released?


Input: [Answer] Secretin [Question]

Output: Which hormone stimulates secretion of intestinal/pancreatic juices to continue digestion in duodenum?


Input: [Answer] wall of small intestine [Question]

Output: Where is secretin produced?


Input: [Answer] erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow [Question]

Output: What hormone is produce in the kidney and what does it do?


Input: [Answer] cell membrane [Question]

Output: Where are the peptide hormone receptors located?


Input: [Answer] Rapid and quickly reversed as well [Question]

Output: How is the response time of the peptide hormone receptors?


Input: [Answer] cellular components that bring about desired hormone effects of hormone after bindingof hormone to receptor [Question]

Output: What are the secondary messengers?


Input: [Answer] steroid [Question]

Output: Which hormone receptors are found in the cytoplasm/nucleus?


Input: [Answer] They are slower than the peptide hormone receptors but last longer. [Question]

Output: How is the response time of steriod hormone receptors?


Input: [Answer] protein [Question]

Output: Increase production of this brings about desired effect of hormone.


Input: [Answer] Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal [Question]

Output: Which organs only function to produce hormones?


Input: [Answer] CRH, GnRH, GHRH, TRH [Question]

Output: Which hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus?


Input: [Answer] synethesizes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones [Question]

Output: What do the hormones of the hypothalamus do?


Input: [Answer] adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) [Question]

Output: The hypothalamus stimulates the release of various hormones from what?


Input: [Answer] pituitary [Question]

Output: Which gland contains hormones that generally affect the function of many organs in a variety of systems?


Input: [Answer] Anterior lobe, epithelial tissue, Adenohypophysis; posterior lobe, neural tissue, Neurohypophysis [Question]

Output: What are the two histologically distinct tissues and another name for them?


Input: [Answer] gland [Question]

Output: What does adeno- mean?


Input: [Question] Contrite [Answer]

Output: Proceeding from contrition


Input: [Question] Martyr [Answer]

Output: Someone who suffers death


Input: [Question] Vindiction [Answer]

Output: Venchful


Input: [Question] Succumb [Answer]

Output: to come to the end


Input: [Question] Surmount [Answer]

Output: to overcome by force


Input: [Question] Irreplaceable [Answer]

Output: cant be replaced by anything


Input: [Question] Irrevent [Answer]

Output: lack of proper respect


Input: [Question] Irrevocable [Answer]

Output: not possible to revoke


Input: [Question] Irreparable [Answer]

Output: not reparable


Input: [Question] Irresponsible [Answer]

Output: not trust worthy


Input: [Question] Circurt [Answer]

Output: a close circle


Input: [Question] Circumscribe [Answer]

Output: to expand


Input: [Question] Circumvent [Answer]

Output: to manage to get around


Input: [Question] Ciruitous [Answer]

Output: indenect corse


Input: [Question] Circumlocution [Answer]

Output: wordy


Input: [Question] Noble [Answer]

Output: distinguished by rank or title


Input: [Question] Homage [Answer]

Output: respect or reverence paid or rendered


Input: [Question] Orate [Answer]

Output: to deliver an oration


Input: [Question] Exonerate [Answer]

Output: to clear


Input: [Question] Imposition [Answer]

Output: the laying on of something as a burden or obligation


Input: [Question] bulimia nervosa [Answer]

Output: eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (eg. deliberate vomiting, laxative abuse, and excessive exercise)


Input: [Question] binge [Answer]

Output: relatively brief episode of uncontrolled, excessive consumption, ususlly of food or alcohol


Input: [Question] anorexia nervosa [Answer]

Output: eating disorder characterized by recurrent food refusal, leading to dangerously low body weight


Input: [Question] obesity [Answer]

Output: excess body fat resulting in a body mass index (BMI, a ratio of weight to height) of 30 or more


Input: [Question] purging techniques [Answer]

Output: in the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, the self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse used to compensate for excessive food ingestion


Input: [Question] binge-eating disorder (BED) [Answer]

Output: pattern of eating involving distress0inducing binges not folowed by purging behaviors; being considered as a new DSM diagnostic category


Input: [Question] night eating syndrome [Answer]

Output: consuming a third or more of daily food intake after the evening meal and getting out of bed at least once during the night to have a high-calorie snack. in the morning, person is not hungry and does not eat bfast. they do not binge and seldom purge


Input: [Question] bariatric surgery [Answer]

Output: surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or by bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery


Input: [Question] rapid eye movement sleep (REM) [Answer]

Output: periodic intervals of sleep during which the eyesmove rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur, but the body is inactive


Input: [Question] dyssomnias [Answer]

Output: problems in getting to sleep or in obtaining sufficient quality sleep


Input: [Question] parasomnias [Answer]

Output: abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep


Input: [Question] polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation [Answer]

Output: assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration, brain wve, and other functions


Input: [Question] actigraph [Answer]

Output: small, electronic device that is worn on the wrist like a watchand records body movements. this can be used to record sleep-wake cycles


Input: [Question] sleep efficiency (SE) [Answer]

Output: percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed


Input: [Question] microsleeps [Answer]

Output: shrt, seconds-long periods of sleep that occur in people who have been deprived of sleep


Input: [Question] primary insomnia [Answer]

Output: difficulty in initiating, maintaining, or gaining from sleep, not related to other medical or psychological problems


Input: [Question] hypersomnia [Answer]

Output: abnormally excessive sleep. a person with this condition will fall asleep several times a day


Input: [Question] sleep apnea [Answer]

Output: disorder involvig brief periods when breahing ceases during sleep


Input: [Question] narcolepsy [Answer]

Output: sleep dirorder involving sudden and irresistable sleep attacks


Input: [Question] breathing-related sleep disorders [Answer]

Output: sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing problem such as interrupted (sleep apnea) or labored (hypoventilation) breathing


Input: [Question] circadian rhythm sleep disorders [Answer]

Output: sleep distrubances resulting in sleepiness or insomnia, caused by the body's inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current pattern of day and night


Input: [Question] nightnames [Answer]

Output: frightening and anxiety-provoking dreams occurring during rapid eye movement sleep. the individual recalss the bad dreams and recovers alertness and orientation quickly


Input: [Question] sleep terrors [Answer]

Output: episodes of apparent wakening from sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. these occur during nonrapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams


Input: [Question] sleepwalking [Answer]

Output: parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during nonrapid eye movement sleep


Input: [Question] heterosexual behavior [Answer]

Output: sexual activity with members of the opposite gender


Input: [Question] homosexual behavior [Answer]

Output: sexual activity with members of the same gender


Input: [Question] gender nonconformity [Answer]

Output: boys who behave in feminine ways and girls who behave in masculine ways


Input: [Question] sex reassignment surgery [Answer]

Output: surgical procedures to alter a person's physical anatomy to conform to that peron's psychological gender issues


Input: [Question] sexual dysfunction [Answer]

Output: sexual disorder in which the client finds it difficult to function adequately while having sex


Input: [Question] hypoactive sexual desire disorder [Answer]

Output: apparent lack of interest in sexual activity or fantasy that would not be expected considering the person's age and life situation


Input: [Question] sexual aversion disorder [Answer]

Output: extreme and persistent dislike of sexual contact or similar activities


Input: [Question] male erectile disorder [Answer]

Output: recurring inaility in some men to attain or maintain adequate peile erection until cmpletion of sexual activity


Input: [Question] female sexual arousal disorder [Answer]

Output: recurrent inability in ome women to attain or maintain adequate lubrication and sexual excitement swelling responses until completion of sexual activity


Input: [Question] inhibited orgasm [Answer]

Output: inability to achieve orgasm despite adequate sexual desire and arousal; commonly seen in women but relatively rare in men


Input: [Question] female orgasmic disorder [Answer]

Output: recurring delay or absense of orgasm in some women following a normal sexual excitement phase, reative to their prior experience and current stiumation. aka inhibited orgasm


Input: [Question] male orgasmic disorder [Answer]

Output: recurring delay in or absence of orgasm in some men following a normal sexual excitement phase, relative to age and current stimulation. aka inhibited orgasm


Input: [Question] premature ejaculation [Answer]

Output: recurring jacultion before the person wishes it, with minimal sexual stimulation


Input: [Question] sexual pain disorders (dyspareunia) [Answer]

Output: recurring genital pain in either males or females before, during, or after sexual intercourse


Input: [Question] vaginismus [Answer]

Output: recurring involuntary muscle spasms in the outer third of the vagina that interfere with sexual intercourse


Input: [Question] paraphilias [Answer]

Output: sexual diorders and deviations in which seual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals


Input: [Question] frotteurism [Answer]

Output: paraphilia in which theperson gains sexual gratification by rubbing against unwilling victims in crowds from which they cannot escape


Input: [Question] fetishism [Answer]

Output: long-term, recurring, intense sexually arounsing urges, fantasies, or behavior involving the use of nonliving, unusual objects, which cause distress or impairment in life functioning


Input: [Question] voyeurism [Answer]

Output: paraphilia in which sexual arousal is derived from observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or naked


Input: [Question] exhibitionism [Answer]

Output: sexual gratification attained by exposing gentials to unsuspecting strangers


Input: [Question] transvestic fetishism [Answer]

Output: paraphilia in which individuals, usually males, are sexually aroused or receive gratification by wearing clothing of the opposite gender


Input: [Question] sexual sadism [Answer]

Output: paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with inflicting pain or humiliation


Input: [Question] sexual masochism [Answer]

Output: paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with experiencing pain or humiliation


Input: [Question] pedophilia [Answer]

Output: paraphilia involving strong sexual attracton toward children


Input: [Question] incest [Answer]

Output: deviant sexual attration (pedophilia) directed toward a family member; often the attraction of a father toward a daughter who is maturing physically


Input: [Question] covert sensitization [Answer]

Output: cognitive-behavioral intervention to reduce unwanted behaviors by having clients imagine the extremely aversive consequences of the behaviors and establish negative rather than positive associations with them


Input: [Question] orgasmic reconditioning [Answer]

Output: learning procedure to help clients strengthen appropriate patterns of sexual arousal by pairing appropriate stimuli with the pleasurable sensations of masturbation


Input: [Question] schizophrenia [Answer]

Output: devastating psychoti disorder thatmay involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behavior


Input: [Question] catatonia [Answer]

Output: disorder of movement involving immobility or excited agitation


Input: [Question] hebephrenia [Answer]

Output: silly and immature emotionality, a characteristic of some types of schizophrenia


Input: [Question] paranoia [Answer]

Output: people's irrational beliefs that thy are especially important (delusions of grandeur) or that other people are seeking to do them harm


Input: [Question] dementia praecox [Answer]

Output: latin term meaning "premature loss of min," an early label for what is now called schizophrenia, emphasizing the disorder's frequent appearance during adolescence


Input: [Question] associative splitting [Answer]

Output: separation among basic functions of human personality (eg. cognition, emotion and perception) seen by some as the defining characteristic of schizophrenia


Input: [Question] psychotic behavior [Answer]

Output: severe psychological disorder cateogry characterized by hallucinations and loss of contact with reality


Input: [Question] positive symptoms [Answer]

Output: more overt symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, displayed by some people with schizophrenia


Input: [Question] negative symptoms [Answer]

Output: less outgoing symptoms, such as flat affect and poverty of speech, displayed by some people with schizophrenia


Input: [Question] avolition [Answer]

Output: apathy, or the inability to initiate or persist in important activities


Input: [Question] alogia [Answer]

Output: deficiency in the amount or content of speech, a disturbance often seen in people with schizophrenia


Input: [Question] anhedonia [Answer]

Output: inability to experience pleasure, associated with some mood and schizophrenic disorders


Input: [Question] flat affect [Answer]

Output: apparently emotionless demeanor (including toneless speech and vacant gaze) when a raction would be expected


Input: [Question] disorganized speech [Answer]

Output: style of talking often seen in people with schizophrenia, involving incoherence and a lack of typical logic patterns


Input: [Question] inappropriate affect [Answer]

Output: emotional displays that are improper for the situation


Input: [Question] catatonic immobility [Answer]

Output: disturbance of motor behavior in which theperson remains motionless, sometimes in an awkward posture, for extended periods


Input: [Question] paranoid type of schizophrenia [Answer]

Output: type of schizophrenia in which symptoms primaryily inolve delusions and hallucinations; speech and motor and emtional behavior are relatively intact


Input: [Question] disorganized type of schizophrenia [Answer]

Output: type of schizophrenia featuring disrupted speech and behavior, disjointed delusions and hallucinations, and silly or flat affect


Input: [Question] catatonic type of schizophrenia [Answer]

Output: type of schizophrenia in which motor disturbances (rigidity, agitation, and odd mannerisms) predominate


Input: [Question] undifferentiated type of schizophrenia [Answer]

Output: category for individuals who meet the criteria for schizophrenia but not for one of the defined subtypes


Input: [Question] residual type of schizophrenia [Answer]

Output: diagostic category or people who have experienced at least one episode of schizophrenia and who no longer display its major symptoms but still show some bizarre thoughts or social withdrawal


Input: [Question] schizophreniform disorder [Answer]

Output: psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of schizophrenia but lasting less than 6 months


Input: [Question] schizoaffective disorder [Answer]

Output: psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder


Input: [Question] delusional disorder [Answer]

Output: psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality (delusion) but no other symptoms of schizophrenia


Input: [Question] brief psychotic disorder [Answer]

Output: psychotic disturbances involving delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior but lasting less than 1 month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor


Input: [Question] shared psychotic disorder (folie a deux) [Answer]

Output: psychotic disturbance in which individuals develop a delusion similarto that of a person with whom they share a close relationship


Input: [Question] schizotypal personality disorder [Answer]

Output: cluster A (odd) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuing acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions ad eccentricities of behavior


Input: [Question] schizophrenogenic mother [Answer]

Output: according to an obsolete, unsupported theory, a cold, dominating, and rejecting parent who was thoughtt cause schizophrenia in her offspring


Input: [Question] double bind communication [Answer]

Output: according to an obsolete, unsupported theory, the practice of transmitting conflicting messages that was thought to cause schizophrenia


Input: [Question] expressed emotion (EE) [Answer]

Output: hostility, criticism, and overinvolvement demonstrated by some families toward a family member with a psychological disorder. this can often contribute to the person's relapse


Input: [Question] token economy [Answer]

Output: social learning behavior modification system in which individuals earn items they can exchange for desired rewards by displaying appropriate behaviors


Input: [Answer] it is a relatively inexpensive item that merits little shopping effort [Question]

Output: what is a convenience product?


Input: [Answer] it is a product that requires comparison shopping because it is usually more expensive and found in fewer stores [Question]

Output: what is a shopping product?


Input: [Answer] its a particular item for which consumers search extensively and are reluctant to accept substitutes [Question]

Output: what is a specialty product?


Input: [Answer] it is a product unknown to the potential buyer or unknown to the potential buyer or a product that the buyer does not actively seek [Question]

Output: what is a unsought product?


Input: [Answer] a product is everything, both favorable and unfaorable, that a person receives in an exchange [Question]

Output: what is a product?


Input: [Answer] a product used to manufacture other goods or services, to facilitate an organizations operations, or toresell to other customers [Question]

Output: what is a business product?


Input: [Answer] a product bought to satisfy an individuals personal wants [Question]

Output: what is a consumer product?


Input: [Answer] a specific version of a product that can be designated as a distinct offering among among an organizations products [Question]

Output: what is a product item?


Input: [Answer] a group of closely related product items [Question]

Output: what is a product line?


Input: [Answer] all products that an organization sells [Question]

Output: what is a product mix?


Input: [Answer] a number of product lines and organization offers [Question]

Output: what is a product mix width?


Input: [Answer] the number of product items in a product line [Question]

Output: what is a product line depth?


Input: [Answer] the praqctice of modifying products so those that have already been sold become obsolete before they actually need replacement [Question]

Output: what is planned obsolesence?


Input: [Answer] adding additional products to an existing product line in order to compte more broadly in the industry [Question]

Output: what is product line extension?


Input: [Answer] a name, term, symbol, design, or combination there of that identifies a sellers products and differentiates them from competitor products [Question]

Output: what is a brand?


Input: [Answer] a no frills, no brand name, low cost product that simply identified by its product category [Question]

Output: what is a generic brand?


Input: [Answer] the elements of a brand that cant be spoken [Question]

Output: what is a brand mark?


Input: [Answer] the value of a company and brand names [Question]

Output: what is brand equity?


Input: [Answer] a brand where at least 20% of a products is sold outside its some country [Question]

Output: waht is global brand?


Input: [Answer] the brand name of the manufacuter [Question]

Output: what is manufacturers brand?


Input: [Answer] a brand name owned by a wholesaler or a retailer [Question]

Output: what is a private brand?


Input: [Answer] using different brand names of different products [Question]

Output: what is a individual brand?


Input: [Answer] the many parts of brand and associated symbols qualify for trademark production [Question]

Output: what is a trademark?


Input: [Answer] a series of thick and thin vertical lines (barcaodes), redable by computerized optical scanners, that represent numbers used to track products [Question]

Output: what is universal product codes?


Input: [Answer] the result of applying human or mechanical efforts to people or objects [Question]

Output: what is a service?


Input: [Answer] search qualities, experience qualities, credence qualities [Question]

Output: what is intangibility?


Input: [Answer] the ability to perfom the service right the first time [Question]

Output: what is reliability?


Input: [Answer] the ability to provide prompt service, the knowledge and courtesy of employees [Question]

Output: what is responsiveness?


Input: [Answer] caring, individualized attention to customers [Question]

Output: what is empathy?


Input: [Answer] the physical evidence of service [Question]

Output: what are tanagibles?


Input: [Question] Which of the following is considered to be in the realm of science? [Answer]

Output: astronomy


Input: [Question] In science, every theory must be tested by using it to make... [Answer]

Output: predictions


Input: [Question] Which of the following statements would be true of the scientific method? [Answer]

Output: the scientific method is a continuous process by which people learn about the physical universe and share their knowledge with others.


Input: [Question] At the time Dimitri Mendeleev produced the first period table of the elements, it was not... [Answer]

Output: the mid 18th century


Input: [Question] basic research scientist [Answer]

Output: are interested in inquiry for the sake of acquiring fundamental knowledge


Input: [Question] What is SETI? [Answer]

Output: the search for intelligent life


Input: [Question] Laws of nature can be characterized by saying that they [Answer]

Output: represent our best understanding of how the universe works in certain circumstances


Input: [Question] The scientific method depends on [Answer]

Output: reproducible results


Input: [Question] A theory is [Answer]

Output: based on many observations and experiments or tests


Input: [Question] Which pair are both examples of pseudoscience? [Answer]

Output: astrology & extrasensory perception


Input: [Question] Peer review in science... [Answer]

Output: causes delays between the conclusion of an experiment and the communication of the results


Input: [Question] In the mid-nineteenth center, natural philosophers... [Answer]

Output: understood the workings of all the physical universe


Input: [Question] Which of the following would be funded by a typical federal grant for scientific research? [Answer]

Output: All of these are correct


Input: [Question] What percent of research grants are submitted are federally funded? [Answer]

Output: 10% to 40%


Input: [Question] How does science differ from pseudoscience? [Answer]

Output: Scientific hypotheses are always testable


Input: [Question] When scientists have finished research and wish to communicate the results, they are most likely to do which of the following? [Answer]

Output: write a concise paper and submit it to a scientific journal


Input: [Question] Which statement is true about the discipline of science? [Answer]

Output: Science is a tool for understanding our physical and biological environment


Input: [Question] Which statement does not describe a falling object? [Answer]

Output: Time multiplied by a constant squared equals distance


Input: [Question] How did Mendeleev organize the periodic table of elements? [Answer]

Output: atomic weight of the element


Input: [Question] Determine which of these questions could be researchable using the scientific method. [Answer]

Output: Under what conditions could bass live in a lake?


Input: [Question] Which of the following statements is a prediction? [Answer]

Output: High quality balloons filled with atmospheric air will float higher than low quality balloons filled with atmospheric air


Input: [Question] Why do scientist reject astrology? [Answer]

Output: There is no evidence that stars can predict the future.


Input: [Question] Why is mathematics the language of science? [Answer]

Output: Mathematics allows scientists to be more accurate in describing an observation of nature


Input: [Question] How is an hypothesis tested? [Answer]

Output: By 1 and 2, but not 3


Input: [Question] Which of the following scientists would study forces of motion in the universe? [Answer]

Output: physicists & astronomers


Input: [Question] What did the builders of Stonehenge accomplish? [Answer]

Output: They demonstrated that some natural events are predictable


Input: [Question] Ockhams razor is ... [Answer]

Output: philosophy advocating the simplest solutions


Input: [Question] Dr. John Snow's research and observations improved the lives of Londons citizens in the 1800s by [Answer]

Output: associating disease with polluted water


Input: [Question] The Greeek astronomers' explanation for the celestial spheres did not encompass the phenomenon of [Answer]

Output: retrograde motion


Input: [Question] The Ptolemaic theory of the universe includes [Answer]

Output: an unmoving earth at the center


Input: [Question] Copernicus hypothesized that... [Answer]

Output: the sun is the center of the universe


Input: [Question] The 17th century laws of planetary motion stated that... [Answer]

Output: all planets orbit in elliptical paths


Input: [Question] Which scientist would have been most likely to use mathematics in understanding elliptical orbits of planets? [Answer]

Output: Johannes Kepler


Input: [Question] Which of the following is most likely to happen to an astronaut during lift off? [Answer]

Output: Blood is drained from the brain


Input: [Question] "eighty miles per hour towards the northeast" is an example of... [Answer]

Output: velocity


Input: [Question] To calculate the gravitational force between two objects, we need all the following except... [Answer]

Output: acceleration of both objects


Input: [Question] What is the rate of acceleration for a car that reaches a speed of three meters per second from rest in ten seconds? [Answer]

Output: 0.3 meters per second


Input: [Question] Which of the following is true of the Law of Universal gravitation? [Answer]

Output: Force=big G times mass times mass of the Earth divided by the radius of the Earth squared


Input: [Question] The astronomical model placing the Sun at the center of the solar system was resisted hundreds of years because... [Answer]

Output: the Catholic Church banned all discussions of Copernican ideas


Input: [Question] Which of the follow is in uniform motion? [Answer]

Output: A train traveling west at 70 mph


Input: [Question] The audit objective that all transactions and accounts that should be presented in the financial statements are in fact included is related to which of the PCAOB assertions? [Answer]

Output: Completeness


Input: [Question] The audit objective that all the transactions and accounts presented in the financial statements represent real assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses is related most closely to which of the PCAOB assertions? [Answer]

Output: Existence or Occurrence


Input: [Question] The audit objective that all transactions are recorded in the proper period is related most closely to which of the Audit Standards Board (ASB) transaction assertions? [Answer]

Output: Cutoff


Input: [Question] The audit objective that all transactions are recorded in the proper account is related most closely to which one of the ASB transactions assertions? [Answer]

Output: Classification


Input: [Question] The audit objective that all balances include items owned by the client is related most closely to which one of the ASB balance assertions? [Answer]

Output: Rights and Obligations


Input: [Question] The audit objective that all balances include all items that should be recorded in the account is related most closely to which one of the ASB balance assertions? [Answer]

Output: Completeness


Input: [Question] The engineering dept.at Omni Co.built a piece of equip.in the company's own ship for use in the company's ops.The auditor reviewed all work orders that were capitalized as part of the equip.costs.Which of the following is the ASB TA most closely related? [Answer]

Output: Classification


Input: [Question] Built a piece of equip. in the company's own ship for use in their operations.Examined all work orders, purchased materials, labor cost reports, and applied o/h that were capitalized as part of equip costs.What ASB bal. asst.? [Answer]

Output: Valuation


Input: [Question] Cutoff tests designed to detect credit sales made before the end of the year that have been recorded in the subsequent year provide assurance about the PCAOB assertion of: [Answer]

Output: Completeness


Input: [Question] Inquiries of warehouse personnel concerning possible obsolete or slow moving inventory items provide assurance about the PCAOB assertion of: [Answer]

Output: Valuation


Input: [Question] The objective in an auditor's review of credit ratings of a client's customers is to obtain evidence related to management's financial statement assertion about: (refer to: 01-38) [Answer]

Output: Valuation and Allocation


Input: [Question] When auditing merchandise inventory at year-end, the auditor performs audit procedures to ensure that all goods purchased before year-end are received before the physical inventory count. This audit procedure provides assurance about which mgmt assertion? [Answer]

Output: Cutoff


Input: [Question] Which of the following types of auditors' reports does not require an explanatory paragraph to support the opinion? [Answer]

Output: Unqualified Opinion